FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hong, E Lane, S Murrell, D Christodoulou, C AF Hong, Eugene Lane, Steven Murrell, David Christodoulou, Christos GP IEEE TI Validation of the Mie Theory for Rain Attenuation at 72 and 84 GHz SO 2016 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL IEEE Reg 9, Fajardo, PR SP USNC, URSI, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc HO IEEE Reg 9 C1 [Hong, Eugene; Lane, Steven; Murrell, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hong, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM eugene.hong.ctr@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2852-8 PY 2016 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG6YL UT WOS:000390996200055 ER PT J AU Daoud, N Christodoulou, C Ayoub, F Tarasenko, N Murrell, D Hensley, D Lane, S AF Daoud, Nadine Christodoulou, Christos Ayoub, Firas Tarasenko, Nicholas Murrell, David Hensley, David Lane, Steven GP IEEE TI Preliminary Rain Attenuation Studies for W/V-band Wave Propagation Experiment SO 2016 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL IEEE Reg 9, Fajardo, PR SP USNC, URSI, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc HO IEEE Reg 9 AB The need to investigate higher frequencies for satellite communication led to the W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) project. This project is assessing atmospheric propagation effects at W/V-band frequencies, particularly rain-fade. In this paper, two rain attenuation models (i.e., the ITU-R and the Silva-Mello model) are compared to experimental measurements. The step-by-step comparison, along with all the tools used, is described herein. C1 [Daoud, Nadine; Christodoulou, Christos; Ayoub, Firas] Univ New Mexico, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tarasenko, Nicholas; Murrell, David; Hensley, David; Lane, Steven] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Daoud, N (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ndaoud01@unm.edu; nicholas.tarasenko@us.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2852-8 PY 2016 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG6YL UT WOS:000390996200056 ER PT S AU Cooper, TM Haley, JE Krein, DM Burke, AR Slagle, JE AF Cooper, Thomas M. Haley, Joy E. Krein, Douglas M. Burke, Aaron R. Slagle, Jonathan E. BE Haley, JE Schuller, JA Eich, M Nunzi, JM TI Structure-spectroscopic property relationships in a series of platinum acetylides SO LIGHT MANIPULATING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Manipulating Organic Materials and Devices III CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE platinum acetylides; spectroscopy ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; TRIPLET EXCITON; CHROMOPHORES; COMPLEXES; OLIGOMERS; POLYMERS AB In order to understand electronic and conformational effects on structure-spectroscopic property relationships in platinum acetylides, we synthesized a model series of chromophores trans-Pt(PBu3)(2)(CCPhenyl-X)(2), where X = NH2, OCH3, diphenylamino, t-Bu, methyl, H, F, benzothiazole, trifluoromethyl, CN and nitro. We collected linear spectra, including ground state absorption, phosphorescence and phosphorescence excitation spectra. We also performed DFT and TDDFT calculations on the ground and excited state properties of these compounds The calculations and experimental data show the excited state properties are a function of the electronic properties of the substituents and the molecular conformation. C1 [Cooper, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0269-4; 978-1-5106-0270-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9939 AR 993905 DI 10.1117/12.2238539 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG7DC UT WOS:000391226500002 ER PT S AU Slagle, JE Haus, JW McLean, DG Guha, S AF Slagle, Jonathan E. Haus, Joseph W. McLean, Daniel G. Guha, Shekhar BE Haley, JE Schuller, JA Eich, M Nunzi, JM TI Degenerate frequency two beam coupling in organic solutions using nanosecond laser pulses SO LIGHT MANIPULATING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Manipulating Organic Materials and Devices III CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Two-wave mixing; stimulated scattering; dynamic gratings; optical nonlinearities in organic media; multiphoton processes ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; MEDIA AB Previously, we presented the experimental evidence for a degenerate frequency two beam coupling (TBC) in two photon absorbing (2PA) organic solutions. It has been well established that the two critical requirements for TBC are a nonlinear refractive index with a finite lifetime and that the interacting fields must have non-degenerate frequencies. However, degenerate frequency coupling has been shown for fields containing a time-dependent phase, i.e. a frequency chirp. This chirp can either be intrinsic to the fields or induced by self- and cross-phase modulation (S/XPM). For nanosecond pulses, the relatively small intrinsic chirp of the fields is negligible compared to the strong cumulative effects of population redistribution which generates large S/XPM. A S/XPM-mediated theoretical treatment for degenerate frequency TBC is presented along with numerical simulations using known nonlinear optical parameters to model the experimental results. C1 [Slagle, Jonathan E.; McLean, Daniel G.; Guha, Shekhar] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Slagle, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.slagle.l.ctr@us.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0269-4; 978-1-5106-0270-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9939 AR 99390E DI 10.1117/12.2237034 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG7DC UT WOS:000391226500006 ER PT S AU Stewart, DJ Long, SL Yu, ZN Kannan, R Mikhailov, A Rebane, A Tan, LS Haley, JE AF Stewart, David J. Long, Stephanie L. Yu, Zhenning Kannan, Ramamurthi Mikhailov, Alexandr Rebane, Aleksander Tan, Loon-Seng Haley, Joy E. BE Haley, JE Schuller, JA Eich, M Nunzi, JM TI The Fluorescence of a Chelating Two-Photon-Absorbing Dye is Enhanced with the Addition of Transition Metal Ions but Quenched in the Presence of Acid SO LIGHT MANIPULATING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Manipulating Organic Materials and Devices III CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Two-photon absorption; ion sensing; fluorescence; solvatochromism; flash photolysis ID 2-PHOTON ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DESIGN; SERIES; DONOR; FLUOROPHORES AB A pseudo-symmetric two-photon absorbing dye (1) containing a central piperazine unit substituted with (benzothiazol-2-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl pendant groups has been synthesized and characterized. The molecule has a two-photon absorption cross-section of sigma(2) = 140 GM in tetrahydrofuran at similar to 740 nm and shows significant solvatochromism in the excited-state fluorescence spectra. The emission spectra broaden and the maxima bathochromically shift from 411 nm to 524 nm in n-hexane and acetonitrile, respectively. Moreover, the central piperazine moiety serves as a potential chelation site for ions. Addition of copper(I) hexafluorophosphate and zinc(II) triflate in acetonitrile indicate ground-state complexation with a shift in the emission maximum from 524 nm to 489 nm and 487 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the newly formed Cu and Zn complexes are more strongly emissive than the free dye. Finally, addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid in tetrahydrofuran also blue-shifts the emission maximum, but the intensity is quenched. Due to the photophysical changes induced by addition of metal ions and protons, the dye shows promise as a potential sensor. C1 [Stewart, David J.; Long, Stephanie L.; Yu, Zhenning; Kannan, Ramamurthi; Tan, Loon-Seng; Haley, Joy E.] AFRL RX, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stewart, David J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Long, Stephanie L.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Yu, Zhenning; Kannan, Ramamurthi] UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Mikhailov, Alexandr; Rebane, Aleksander] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Stewart, DJ (reprint author), AFRL RX, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Stewart, DJ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM david.stewart.32.ctr@us.af.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0269-4; 978-1-5106-0270-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9939 AR 993904 DI 10.1117/12.2236658 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG7DC UT WOS:000391226500001 ER PT S AU Liebig, CM Goldstein, J McDaniel, SA Glaze, E Krein, D Cook, G AF Liebig, C. M. Goldstein, J. McDaniel, S. A. Glaze, E. Krein, D. Cook, G. BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Femtosecond Laser Precipitation of Non-centrosymmetric Crystals in Glasses SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications X CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID HEAT ACCUMULATION; REPETITION-RATE; IRRADIATION; GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION; SURFACE AB Optical processes that rely on second-order nonlinear optical effects such as second harmonic generation and optical parametric amplification require the use of non-centrosymmetric crystals (NCCs). Recently it has been reported that femtosecond lasers can be used to precipitate NCCs within supersaturated glasses, forming waveguide structures [1]. During laser writing, a combination of thermal gradients together with the laser polarization, cause the alignment of the polar axis of the NCC along the writing direction. Femtosecond precipitation of NCCs in glass has the potential to be a lower-cost alternative to other methods of achieving NCC waveguiding structures. In this study a widely used ferroelectric NCC, Lithium Niobate, was precipitated in 33LiO(2)-33Nb(2)O(5)-34SiO(2) (mol%) (LNS) glass, forming crystalline aligned channels within the amorphous glassy matrix. The precipitated lithium niobate was characterized and the structural orientation determined. The waveguiding characteristics were measured for several conditions to determine optimal power and writing speed. This procedure was then modified to optimize the precipitated 1-D structures for photonic and holographic applications. C1 [Liebig, C. M.; Goldstein, J.; Glaze, E.; Krein, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDaniel, S. A.; Cook, G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDaniel, S. A.] Leidos, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Glaze, E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Krein, D.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Liebig, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0307-3; 978-1-5106-0308-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9958 AR 995805 DI 10.1117/12.2237171 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG7DD UT WOS:000391226800003 ER PT S AU Banet, MT Spencer, MF Raynor, RA Marker, DK AF Banet, Matthias T. Spencer, Mark F. Raynor, Robert A. Marker, Dan K. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Digital holography wavefront sensing in the pupil-plane recording geometry for distributed-volume atmospheric aberrations SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE digital holography; wavefront sensing; directed energy; atmospheric turbulence; thermal blooming; wave-optics simulations; beam control; adaptive optics ID PHASE-ERROR CORRECTION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB Digital holography in the pupil-plane recording geometry shows promise as a wavefront sensor for use in adaptive-optics systems. Because current wavefront sensors suffer from decreased performance in the presence of turbulence and thermal blooming, there is a need for a more robust wavefront sensor in such distributed-volume atmospheric conditions. Digital holography fulfills this roll by accurately estimating the wrapped phase of the complex optical field after propagation through the atmosphere to the pupil plane of an optical system. This paper examines wave-optics simulations of spherical-wave propagation through both turbulence and thermal blooming; it also quantifies the performance of digital holography as a wavefront sensor by generating field-estimated Strehl ratios as a function of the number of pixels in the detector array, the Rytov number, and the Fried coherence diameter. Altogether the results indicate that digital holography wavefront sensing in the pupil-plane recording geometry is a valid and accurate method for estimating the wrapped phase of the complex optical field in the presence of distributed-volume atmospheric aberrations. C1 [Banet, Matthias T.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Spencer, Mark F.; Raynor, Robert A.; Marker, Dan K.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Spencer, Mark F.] Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banet, MT (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 998208 DI 10.1117/12.2235462 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700007 ER PT S AU Dayton, D Gonglewski, J Lasche, J Hassall, A AF Dayton, David Gonglewski, John Lasche, James Hassall, Arthur BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Optimal Speckle Noise Reduction Filter For Air-to-Ground Range Gated Laser Illuminated Imaging SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Laser illuminated imaging has a number of applications in the areas of night time air-to-ground target surveillance, ID, and pointing and tracking. Using a laser illuminator, the illumination intensity and thus the signal to noise ratio can be controlled. With the advent of high performance range gated cameras in the short-wave infra-red band, higher spatial resolution can be achieved over passive thermal night imaging cameras in the mid-wave infra-red due to the shorter wave-length. If a coherent illuminator is used the resulting imagery often suffers from speckle noise due to the scattering off of a rough target surface, which gives it a grainy "salt and pepper" appearance. The probability density function for the intensity of focal plane speckle is well understood to follow a negative exponential distribution. This can be exploited to develop a Bayesian speckle noise filter. The filter has the advantage over simple frame averaging approaches in that it preserves target features and motion while reducing speckle noise without smearing or blurring the images. The resulting filtered images have the appearance of passive imagery and so are more amenable to sensor fusion with simultaneous mid-wave infra-red thermal images for enhanced target ID. The noise filter improvement is demonstrated using examples from real world laser imaging tests on tactical targets. C1 [Dayton, David] Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Gonglewski, John; Lasche, James; Hassall, Arthur] Air Force Res Lab, RDL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 99820G DI 10.1117/12.2236222 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700014 ER PT S AU Hart, M Jefferies, S Hope, D AF Hart, Michael Jefferies, Stuart Hope, Douglas BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Tomographic Wave-Front Sensing with a Single Guide Star SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE wave-front sensing; tomography; anisoplanatism; telescopes ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; LAYER; TELESCOPE AB Adaptive optics or numerical restoration algorithms that restore high resolution imaging through atmospheric turbulence are subject to isoplanatic wave-front errors. Mitigating those errors requires that the wave-front aberrations be estimated within the 3D volume of the atmosphere. Present techniques rely on multiple beacons, either natural stars or laser guide stars, to probe the atmospheric aberration along different lines of sight, followed by tomographic projection of the measurements onto layers at defined ranges. In this paper we show that a three-dimensional estimate of the wave-front aberration can be recovered from measurements by a single guide star in the case where the aberration is stratified, provided that the telescope tracks across the sky with non-uniform angular velocity. This is generally the case for observations of artificial earth-orbiting satellites, and the new method is likely to find application in ground based telescopes used for space situational awareness. C1 [Hart, Michael] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jefferies, Stuart] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Hart, Michael; Jefferies, Stuart] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 34 Ohia Ku St, Pukalani, HI 96768 USA. [Hope, Douglas] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Space Situat Awareness Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80848 USA. RP Hart, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Hart, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 34 Ohia Ku St, Pukalani, HI 96768 USA. EM mhart@optics.arizona.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 998207 DI 10.1117/12.2257358 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700006 ER PT S AU Moore, TD Raynor, RA Spencer, MF Schmidt, JD AF Moore, Trevor D. Raynor, Robert A. Spencer, Mark F. Schmidt, Jason D. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Waveguide Generated Mitigation of Speckle and Scintillation on an Actively Illuminated Target SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE waveguide; speckle; scintillation; coherence; speckle mitigation; homogeneous illumination scintillation mitigation; directed energy AB Active illumination is often used when passive illumination cannot produce enough signal intensity to be a reliable imaging method. However, an increase in signal intensity is often achieved by using highly coherent laser sources, which produce undesirable effects such as speckle and scintillation. The deleterious effects of speckle and scintillation are often so immense that the imaging camera cannot receive intelligible data, thereby rendering the active illumination technique useless. By reducing the spatial coherence of the laser beam that is actively illuminating the object, it is possible to reduce the corruption of the received data caused by speckle and scintillation. The waveguide method discussed in this paper reduces spatial coherence through multiple total internal reflections, which create multiple virtual sources of diverse path lengths. The differing path lengths between the virtual sources and the target allow for the temporal coherence properties of the laser to be translated into spatial coherence properties. The resulting partial spatial coherence helps to mitigate the self-interference of the beam as it travels through the atmosphere and reflects off of optically rough targets. This mitigation method results in a cleaner, intelligible image that may be further processed for the intended use, unlike its unmitigated counterpart. Previous research has been done to independently reduce speckle or scintillation by way of spatial incoherence, but there has been no focus on modeling the waveguide, specifically the image plane the waveguide creates. Utilizing a ray-tracing method we can determine the coherence length of the source necessary to create incoherent spots in the image plane, as well as accurately modeling the image plane. C1 [Moore, Trevor D.; Raynor, Robert A.; Spencer, Mark F.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Schmidt, Jason D.] MZA Associates, 1360 Technol Court,Suite 200, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Moore, TD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM trevor.moore.8@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 99820E DI 10.1117/12.2235357 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700012 ER PT S AU Oesch, DW Sanchez, DJ Kelly, PR AF Oesch, Denis W. Sanchez, Darryl J. Kelly, Patrick R. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI POAM in starlight: Analysis of Seven Years of SAM measurements SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE branch points; density; atmosphere; turbulence; adaptive optics ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; TURBULENCE; PHASE; LIGHT AB At the Starfire Optical Range in 2011, the first measurements of photonic orbital angular momentum in starlight were made. Although that survey conclusively demonstrated that POAM exists in starlight, the survey was limited. We have subsequently obtained access to the SAM data archive with its seven years of data. Here the SAM data is analyzed to include the two metrics, branch point density, rho, and the conversion efficiency eta, that were used in the analysis of the 2011 observations. C1 [Oesch, Denis W.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Sanchez, Darryl J.; Kelly, Patrick R.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Oesch, DW (reprint author), Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM denis.w.oesch@leidos.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 99820N DI 10.1117/12.2235796 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700020 ER PT S AU Sanchez, DJ Oesch, DW AF Sanchez, Darryl J. Oesch, Denis W. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI The RACHL Experiment: An Overview SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Atmospheric propagation; Atmospheric turbulence; Photonic Orbital Angular Momentum ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; TURBULENCE AB An experiment, specifically undertaken in order to measure terrestrial turbulence-induced photonic orbital angular momentum, was conducted at the RACHL site at the Starfire Optical Range. We present an overview of the experiment, to include methodology and calibration. C1 [Sanchez, Darryl J.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Oesch, Denis W.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Sanchez, DJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRLRDSWorkflowOrgMailbox@kirtland.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 99820O DI 10.1117/12.2238210 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700021 ER PT S AU Sanchez, DJ Oesch, DW AF Sanchez, Darryl J. Oesch, Denis W. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Estimation of Kolmogarity through Isotropy SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID TURBULENCE AB We develop a metric that measures the isotropy of atmospheric turbulence. We then apply that metric to data from the RACHL experiment as a test of the Kolmogarity of the turbulence encountered in that experiment. C1 [Sanchez, Darryl J.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Oesch, Denis W.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Sanchez, DJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR UNSP 99820P DI 10.1117/12.2238253 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700022 ER PT S AU Sulaiman, S Gibson, S Spencer, M AF Sulaiman, Sennan Gibson, Steve Spencer, Mark BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Predictive dynamic digital holography SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Digital holography; off-axis holography; sharpness; prediction; system identification; wavefront correction; wavefront reconstruction; image reconstruction ID TWIN-IMAGE ELIMINATION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; WAVE-FRONTS; PHASE; SHARPNESS AB Digital holography has received recent attention for many imaging and sensing applications, including imaging through turbulent and turbid media, adaptive optics, three dimensional projective display technology and optical tweezing. A significant obstacle for digital holography in real-time applications, such as wavefront sensing for high energy laser systems and high speed imaging for target tracking, is the fact that digital holography is computationally intensive; it requires iterative virtual wavefront propagation and hill-climbing to optimize some sharpness criteria. This paper demonstrates real-time methods for digital holography based on approaches developed recently at UCLA for optimal and adaptive identification, prediction, and control of optical wavefronts. The methods presented integrate minimum variance wavefront prediction into digital holography schemes to short-circuit the computationally intensive algorithms for iterative propagation of virtual wavefronts and hill climbing for sharpness optimization. C1 [Sulaiman, Sennan; Gibson, Steve] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Spencer, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sulaiman, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM s.sulaiman@ucla.edu; gibson@ucla.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 99820A DI 10.1117/12.2237915 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700009 ER PT S AU Van Zandt, NR Spencer, MF Steinbock, MJ Anderson, BM Hyde, MW Fiorino, ST AF Van Zandt, Noah R. Spencer, Mark F. Steinbock, Michael J. Anderson, Brian M. Hyde, Milo W. Fiorino, Steven T. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Dayton, DC TI Comparison of polychromatic wave-optics models SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE active illumination; coherent optical effects; partial coherence in imaging; speckle; speckle imaging; wave-optics ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; STOCHASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS; SPECKLE CONTRAST; PHASE MODULATION; TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; TEMPORAL COHERENCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DEPENDENCE; LIGHT; ILLUMINATION AB Polychromatic laser light can reduce speckle contrast in wavefront-sensing and imaging applications that use direct detection schemes. To help quantify the associated reduction in speckle contrast, this study investigates the accuracy and numerical efficiency of three separate wave-optics models that simulate the active illumination of extended objects with polychromatic laser light. The three separate models use spectral slicing, Monte Carlo averaging, and depth slicing, respectively, to simulate the laser-target interaction. The sampling requirements of all three models are discussed. Comparisons to analytical solutions and experimental data are made when possible. In general, the experiments and theory compare favorably with the models. C1 [Van Zandt, Noah R.; Spencer, Mark F.; Fiorino, Steven T.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Spencer, Mark F.; Steinbock, Michael J.; Anderson, Brian M.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Hyde, Milo W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Zandt, NR (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0355-4; 978-1-5106-0356-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9982 AR 998209 DI 10.1117/12.2237314 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG7CW UT WOS:000391222700008 ER PT J AU Wen, W Wu, CP Wang, YD Nixon, K Wu, Q Barnell, M Li, H Chen, YR AF Wen, Wei Wu, Chunpeng Wang, Yandan Nixon, Kent Wu, Qing Barnell, Mark Li, Hai Chen, Yiran GP ACM TI A New Learning Method for Inference Accuracy, Core Occupation, and Performance Co-optimization on TrueNorth Chip SO 2016 ACM/EDAC/IEEE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (DAC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) CY JUN 05-09, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP ACM, EDAC, IEEE DE Neural Networks; TrueNorth; Neuromorphic Computing ID WALL AB IBM TrueNorth chip uses digital spikes to perform neuromorphic computing and achieves ultrahigh execution parallelism and power efficiency. However, in TrueNorth chip, low quantization resolution of the synaptic weights and spikes significantly limits the inference (e.g., classification) accuracy of the deployed neural network model. Existing workaround, i.e., averaging the results over multiple copies instantiated in spatial and temporal domains, rapidly exhausts the hardware resources and slows down the computation. In this work, we propose a novel learning method on TrueNorth platform that constrains the random variance of each computation copy and reduces the number of needed copies. Compared to the existing learning method, our method can achieve up to 68.8% reduction of the required neuro-synaptic cores or 6.5x speedup, with even slightly improved inference accuracy. C1 [Wen, Wei; Wu, Chunpeng; Wang, Yandan; Nixon, Kent; Li, Hai; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wu, Qing; Barnell, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wen, W (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM wew57@pitt.edu; chw127@pitt.edu; yaw46@pitt.edu; kwn2@pitt.edu; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; Mark.Barnell.1@us.af.mil; hal66@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA PY 2016 DI 10.1145/2897937.2897968 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG6IF UT WOS:000390302500018 ER PT S AU Lall, P Kothari, N Foley, J Deep, J Lowe, R AF Lall, Pradeep Kothari, Nakul Foley, Jason Deep, John Lowe, Ryan GP IEEE TI A Novel Micro-CT Data Based Finite Element Modeling Technique to Study Reliability of Densely Packed Fuze Assemblies SO 2016 15TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc DE Fuze; High-G Mechanical Shock; CT AB Densely packed electrical assemblies like fuze, contain large number of components, potted in protective adhesives. The number of components, varying material types, irregular geometry of the components and the geometric details of the assembly makes conventional CAD modeling, meshing and Finite Element(FE) modeling of these large assemblies extremely time consuming, often, to the extent of being impractical. CAD geometries compatible with modern Finite Element (FE) platforms may not be available for several legacy systems. Furthermore, conventional CAD modeling may not account for the real geometry realized after the manufacturing process and this can often affect the fidelity of the FE model. There is no method for capturing the actual assembly geometry and its embedded components. Assessment of survivability of fuzes requires assessment of stresses and strains under operational loads. Previously, researchers have studied the reliability of key components in a fuze device subjected to high temperature and high g mechanical shocks [1]. Researchers have measured redundancy and reliability of fuze electronics using failure rates and mean time to failure as per MIL-HDBK-217F standard [2]. There is little to no literature on FE modeling of a comprehensive fuze assembly. In this paper, a methodology for the creation of an FE model based on Micro-CT (Computed Tomography) data is presented. The method has been applied to an actual fuze subjected to mechanical shock. This method involves usage of advanced 3D imaging, image segmentation, image filtering and meshing techniques to directly convert CT scanned electrical assemblies into a FE mesh. This method successfully bypasses the time consuming CAD modeling step of conventional FE modeling. The as-is geometry of each component, positioned accurately in a 3D space, as per the original assembly, has been realized in this process by usage of micro-CT scanning technique. The sub-micron scale tolerances of the CT scanned data ensure true representation of the fuze assembly, in this case. The FE model thus realized, allows for measurement of all the field variables, anywhere over its meshed domain. Stress and strain histories have been extracted for embedded components of the fuze assembly using explicit finite element models. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Kothari, Nakul] Auburn Univ, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Foley, Jason; Deep, John] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Lowe, Ryan] ARA Associates, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4673-8121-5 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2016 BP 456 EP 463 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG6KY UT WOS:000390436000065 ER PT S AU Lall, P Dornala, K Lowe, R Foley, J AF Lall, Pradeep Dornala, Kalyan Lowe, Ryan Foley, Jason GP IEEE TI Survivability Assessment of Electronics Subjected to Mechanical Shocks up to 25,000g SO 2016 15TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc DE High G shock; Fine pitch BGA electronics; ABAQUS Explicit modeling; 3D Digital Image Correlation; Underfill; Epoxy Potting ID DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION; BGA PACKAGE; RELIABILITY AB Mechanical drop testing and reliability of BGA electronics in consumer markets is conducted using the JEDEC JESD22-B111 standard. The JEDEC form factor PCB may not be suited for use in part survivability assessment at very high-g levels up to 25,000g. Product board geometries may need to be considered for survivability assessment in fuzing applications. Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) parts like fine pitch BGAs of 0.4mm and 0.5mm pitch are increasingly being used for military and defense applications. Use of fine pitch Ball Grid Array (BGA) technology is preferred over the other packaging technologies due to relative ease of procurement relative to leaded parts, high level of integration with small foot print. Commercial parts may need supplemental restraints in form of underfills, and potting compounds to meet the reliability requirement of extreme-acceleration applications such as fuzing. Survivability of fine pitch semiconductor packages under high-g mechanical shock in the range of 10,000g-25,000g is unknown. In addition, the efficacy of the traditional supplemental restraint mechanisms such as underfills and potting in reducing the risk of interconnect failure under high-g mechanical shock, is not available. In this study, instead of using a JEDEC form-factor board, a product form-factor circular board with annular ring typical of end product projectile applications under harsh high-g operating environments of 25,000g was studied. Five different BGA packages of interconnects ranging from 84-360I/O have been studied. Three configurations of the test board have been studied including non-underfilled, underfilled and potted assemblies. Lord Thermoset ME-531 has been used to underfill the packages in this test study. Two categories of potting compounds have been used including Armstrong A12 is a low modulus material and Henkel STYCAST 2850FT is a high modulus material intended for shock applications. Data on the survivability of BGA's using supplemental restraint mechanisms like underfill reinforcing the packages and potting the PCB with epoxies is presented. Modal analysis of the unreinforced and supplemental restraint configurations has been done to understand the frequency response of the configurations. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Dornala, Kalyan] Auburn Univ, NSF CAVE3 Elect Res Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lowe, Ryan] ARA Associates, 7921 Shaffer Pkwy, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. [Foley, Jason] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin, FL 32542 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, NSF CAVE3 Elect Res Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4673-8121-5 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2016 BP 507 EP 518 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG6KY UT WOS:000390436000072 ER PT S AU Bao, K Hu, F Bentley, E Kumar, S AF Bao, Ke Hu, Fei Bentley, Elizabeth Kumar, Sunil GP IEEE TI Diamond-Shaped Mesh Network Routing with Cross-Layer Design to Explore the Benefits of Multi-Beam Smart Antennas SO 2016 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (ICCCN) SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) CY AUG 01-04, 2016 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc DE Multi-beam directional antennas (MBDAs); Cross-layer design; Routing; Wireless mesh network (WMN) ID MEDIUM ACCESS; POINT AB Conventional wireless mesh network (WMN) routing protocols are designed for the nodes that use the omni-directional or single-beam directional antennas. This research presents a throughput-efficient routing scheme for WMN, by taking advantage of the nodes equipped with the multi-beam directional antennas (MBDAs). Our routing design has the following two novel features: First, it is a cross-layer design by integrating the routing scheme with multi-beam oriented medium access control (MAC) scheme. Second, the routing topology has a diamond-like shape and uses the multi-path routes (i.e., one main path and a few side paths). The diamond shape makes the traffic converge and diverge periodically in the routing paths, which exploits the simultaneous data delivery capability of multi-beam antennas, and enhances the network throughput. Our simulation results demonstrate the high throughput efficiency of the proposed multi-beam routing scheme. C1 [Bao, Ke; Hu, Fei] Univ Alabama, Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Bentley, Elizabeth] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Kumar, Sunil] San Diego State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Bao, K (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-5090-2279-3 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2016 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BG5OC UT WOS:000389589500034 ER PT S AU Insaurralde, CC Blasch, E AF Insaurralde, Carlos C. Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Ontological Knowledge Representation for Avionics Decision-Making Support SO 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 25-29, 2016 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Aviat Syst Div, Simulat Lab, MITRE, BOEING DE knowledge representation; ontology; avionics analytics; decision-making support AB Air Traffic Management (ATM) incorporates demanding decision-making processes that combine information of diverse characteristics. ATM challenges aviators and airspace controllers with unprecedented workloads to maintain safety and cross-checking of multi-source information, including data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The challenge for future ATM Decision-Support Systems (DSS) is not only autonomous and reliable complex decision-making with minimal human intervention but also dealing with UAV ATM (UTM). This paper proposes the implementation of Ontologies for NextGen Avionics Systems (ONAS) for UTM. ONAS presents an operation framework and an ontology-based tool to support decision making in advanced ATM/UTM systems. The proposed ONAS approach includes a cognitive ATM/UTM architecture for avionics analytics. An ontological database captures information related to weather, flights, and airspace. Inference over the ontology is provided by a reasoner. The decision-making process is underpinned by the concept of Situation AWareness (SAW) as well as Situation Assessment (SA). The SAW approach proposed is intended to be initially used in civil aviation. A case study is presented based on different scenarios for an ATM/UTM system. The scenarios represent flight situations where the decisions made are supported by the proposed ONAS approach. C1 [Insaurralde, Carlos C.] Univ Teesside, Sch Sci & Engn, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, England. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Insaurralde, CC (reprint author), Univ Teesside, Sch Sci & Engn, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, England. EM c.c.insaurralde@tees.ac.uk; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-5090-2523-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG6LR UT WOS:000390558400123 ER PT S AU Sadler, G Battiste, H Ho, N Hoffmann, L Johnson, W Shively, R Lyons, J Smith, D AF Sadler, Garrett Battiste, Henri Ho, Nhut Hoffmann, Lauren Johnson, Walter Shively, Robert Lyons, Joseph Smith, David GP IEEE TI EFFECTS OF TRANSPARENCY ON PILOT TRUST AND AGREEMENT IN THE AUTONOMOUS CONSTRAINED FLIGHT PLANNER SO 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 25-29, 2016 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Aviat Syst Div, Simulat Lab, MITRE, BOEING DE trust in automation; commercial aviation; human-machine interface; automated tools; NASA ID AUTOMATION; SYSTEMS; RELIANCE; HUMANS; DESIGN; ISSUES AB We performed a human-in-the-loop study to explore the role of transparency in engendering trust and reliance within highly automated systems. Specifically, we examined how transparency impacts trust in and reliance upon the Autonomous Constrained Flight Planner (ACFP), a critical automated system being developed as part of NASA's Reduced Crew Operations (RCO) Concept. The ACFP is designed to provide an enhanced ground operator, termed a super dispatcher, with recommended diversions for aircraft when their primary destinations are unavailable. In the current study, 12 commercial transport rated pilots who played the role of super dispatchers were given six time-pressured "all land" scenarios where they needed to use the ACFP to determine diversions for multiple aircraft. Two factors were manipulated. The primary factor was level of transparency. In low transparency scenarios the pilots were given a recommended airport and runway, plus basic information about the weather conditions, the aircraft types, and the airport and runway characteristics at that and other airports. In moderate transparency scenarios the pilots were also given a risk evaluation for the recommended airport, and for the other airports if they requested it. In the high transparency scenario additional information including the reasoning for the risk evaluations was made available to the pilots. The secondary factor was level of risk, either high or low. For high-risk aircraft, all potential diversions were rated as highly risky, with the ACFP giving the best option for a bad situation. For low-risk aircraft the ACFP found only low-risk options for the pilot. Both subjective and objective measures were collected, including rated trust, whether the pilots checked the validity of the automation recommendation, and whether the pilots eventually flew to the recommended diversion airport. Key results show that: 1) Pilots' trust increased with higher levels of transparency, 2) Pilots were more likely to verify ACFP's recommendations with low levels of transparency and when risk was high, 3) Pilots were more likely to explore other options from the ACFP in low transparency conditions and when risk was high, and 4) Pilots' decision to accept or reject ACFP's recommendations increased as a function of the transparency in the explanation. The finding that higher levels of transparency was coupled with higher levels of trust, a lower need to verify other options, and higher levels of agreement with ACFP recommendations, confirms the importance of transparency in aiding reliance on automated recommendations. Additional analyses of qualitative data gathered from subjects through surveys and during debriefing interviews also provided the basis for new design recommendations for the ACFP. C1 [Sadler, Garrett; Battiste, Henri; Ho, Nhut; Hoffmann, Lauren] NVH Human Syst Integrat, Canoga Pk, CA 91303 USA. [Johnson, Walter; Shively, Robert] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lyons, Joseph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ho, N (reprint author), NVH Human Syst Integrat, Canoga Pk, CA 91303 USA. EM nhut.ho.51@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-5090-2523-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG6LR UT WOS:000390558400056 ER PT S AU Xiang, XY Wang, ZH Mo, ZJ Chen, GS Blasch, E Pham, K AF Xiang, Xingyu Wang, Zhonghai Mo, Zijian Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh GP IEEE TI Wind Field Estimation Through Autonomous Quadcopter Avionics SO 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 25-29, 2016 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Aviat Syst Div, Simulat Lab, MITRE, BOEING AB Using integrated sensors carried onboard a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be used to wind field estimation through intelligent dynamic analysis, UAV control, and sensor management. The data from UAV on-board sensors such as GPS and inertial measurement units are utilized such that no dedicated sensors (i.e., pitot tube) for wind characterization are necessary. Using the estimated ground weather conditions, the UAV performance provides a means for rapid wind field estimation. The motivation is to develop an agile and low-cost atmospheric measurements system for energy harvest and realtime mission support. The advantage of UAV versus weather balloons is the agility of the UAV to operate in constrained environments and complex terrain. The wind profile is calculated by applying algorithms that relates the attitude of the aircraft to the local wind speed and direction, sparing the payloads of external devices like multi-hole tubes. Several existing wind field estimation algorithms are evaluated and compared with the proposed Kalman Filter dynamic behavior fusion using data obtained from the wind sensors as well. Error analysis and the reasons of errors are discussed in the estimation process. The proposed UAV-based on-board avionics system can be used to improve positioning accuracy and flight stability in the spatially varying, turbulent wind circumstances. C1 [Xiang, Xingyu; Wang, Zhonghai; Mo, Zijian; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Xiang, XY (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM xingyu.xiang@intfusiontech.com; zwang@intfusiontech.com; zijian.mo@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-5090-2523-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG6LR UT WOS:000390558400124 ER PT S AU Ghanem, S Skau, E Krim, H Clouse, HS Sakla, W AF Ghanem, Sally Skau, Erik Krim, Hamid Clouse, Hamilton Scott Sakla, Wesam GP IEEE TI NON-PARAMETRIC BOUNDS ON THE NEAREST NEIGHBOR CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY BASED ON THE HENZE-PENROSE METRIC SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 25-28, 2016 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Signal Proc Soc DE Dimensionality reduction; classification; divergence measures; nearest neighbor graph; pattern recognition ID IMAGE REGISTRATION; ENTROPY AB Analysis procedures for higher-dimensional data are generally computationally costly; thereby justifying the high research interest in the area. Entropy-based divergence measures have proven their effectiveness in many areas of computer vision and pattern recognition. However, the complexity of their implementation might be prohibitive in resource limited applications, as they require estimates of probability densities which are very difficult to compute directly for high dimensional data. In this paper, we investigate the usage of a non-parametric distribution-free metric, known as the Henze-Penrose test statistic, to estimate the divergence between different classes of vehicles. In this regard, we apply some common feature extraction techniques to further characterize the distributional separation relative to the original data. Moreover, we employ the Henze-Penrose metric to obtain bounds for the Nearest Neighbor (NN) classification accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the reliability of this metric in estimating the inter-class separability. In addition, the proposed bounds are exploited for selecting the least number of features that would retain sufficient discriminative information. C1 [Ghanem, Sally; Skau, Erik; Krim, Hamid] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Clouse, Hamilton Scott; Sakla, Wesam] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ghanem, S (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4673-9961-6 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2016 BP 1364 EP 1368 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG6QD UT WOS:000390782001090 ER PT S AU Sadiq, MU Simmons, JP Bouman, CA AF Sadiq, Muhammad Usman Simmons, Jeff. P. Bouman, Charles A. GP IEEE TI Model Based Image Reconstruction with Physics Based Priors SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 25-28, 2016 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Signal Proc Soc ID CT; PROJECTION; ALGORITHM AB Computed tomography is increasingly enabling scientists to study physical processes of materials at micron scales. The MBIR framework provides a powerful method for CT reconstruction by incorporating both a measurement model and prior model. Classically, the choice of prior has been limited to models enforcing local similarity in the image data. In some material science problems, however, much more may be known about the underlying physical process being imaged. Moreover, recent work in Plug-And-Play decoupling of the MBIR problem has enabled researchers to look beyond classical prior models, and innovations in methods of data acquisition such as interlaced view sampling have also shown promise for imaging of dynamic physical processes. In this paper, we propose an MBIR framework with a physics based prior model - namely the Cahn-Hilliard equation. The Cahn-Hilliard equation can be used to describe the spatio-temporal evolution of binary alloys. After formulating the MBIR cost with Cahn-Hilliard prior, we use Plug-And-Play algorithm with ICD optimization to minimize this cost. We apply this method to simulated data using the interlaced-view sampling method of data acquisition. Results show superior reconstruction quality compared to the Filtered Back Projection. Though we use Cahn-Hilliard equation as one instance, the method can be easily extended to use any other physics-based prior model for a different set of applications. C1 [Sadiq, Muhammad Usman; Bouman, Charles A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Simmons, Jeff. P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sadiq, MU (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4673-9961-6 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2016 BP 3176 EP 3179 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG6QD UT WOS:000390782003039 ER PT J AU Goodman, T Miller, ME Rusnock, CF Bindewald, J AF Goodman, Tyler Miller, Michael E. Rusnock, Christina F. Bindewald, Jason GP IEEE TI Timing Within Human-Agent Interaction and its Effects on Team Performance and Human Behavior SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 21-25, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Human-Machine Teaming; Agent; Trigger; Performance Modeling ID AUTOMATION; DESIGN; MODEL AB Current systems incorporating human-agent interaction typically place the human in a supervisory role and the agent as a subordinate. However, a key aspect of teaming is the dynamic shift in roles. Depending on the situation at hand, teaming could lead to a peer relationship where the human and agent are working together on the same task. This research investigates how the timing of agent actions impacts team performance, as well as human workload and behavior. A human-in-the-loop experiment demonstrated that when the agent performs tasks faster than the human, the human tends to become reliant upon the automation and assumes a supervisory role. A human performance model predicts that extending agent execution time will decrease human reliance on the automation. However, in the environment under investigation, a tradeoff exists between team performance and human involvement. C1 [Goodman, Tyler; Miller, Michael E.; Rusnock, Christina F.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bindewald, Jason] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Goodman, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0632-8 PY 2016 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BG6PY UT WOS:000390774200006 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, L Franco-Watkins, A Kroecker, TS AF Yilmaz, Levent Franco-Watkins, Ana Kroecker, Timothy S. GP IEEE TI Coherence-Driven Reflective Equilibrium Model of Ethical Decision-Making SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 21-25, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Instilling trust in autonomous systems requires having confidence that agents have decision-making mechanisms governed by ethical principles. The ability to resolve conflicts among moral principles, duties, obligations, and the consequences is a critical challenge in developing such mechanisms. We demonstrate how the Reflective Equilibrium Method and its implementation in terms of a parallel constraint satisfaction mechanism can help manage conflicts and simultaneously assess multiple principles in a context-sensitive manner. The proposed domain architecture and its implementation are used toward developing an Ethical Advisor for training purposes as well as for designing cognitive decision-making models. A high-level Domain-Specific Language is introduced to specify coherence-governed models of ethical decision-making, so that domain experts express concepts relevant to modeling ethical behavior instead of using general-purpose programming language constructs. C1 [Yilmaz, Levent] Auburn Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Franco-Watkins, Ana] Auburn Univ, Dept Psychol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kroecker, Timothy S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Yilmaz, L (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yilmaz@auburn.edu; afrancowatkins@auburn.edu; timothy.kroecker@us.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0632-8 PY 2016 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BG6PY UT WOS:000390774200007 ER PT J AU Gogineni, S Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M Nadakuditi, RR AF Gogineni, Sandeep Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Nadakuditi, Raj Rao GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF PASSIVE RADAR DETECTORS WITH NOISY REFERENCE SIGNAL SO 2016 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Palma, SPAIN SP IEEE DE Passive radar; Random matrix theory; Phase transition; Singular value decomposition; GLRT; CFAR; Kolmogorov-Smirnov; Detection AB Traditional passive radar systems with a noisy reference signal use the cross-correlation statistic for detection. However, owing to the composite nature of this hypothesis testing problem, no claims can be made about the optimality of this detector. Therefore, exploiting the low-rank structure of most passive radar illuminators, we recently proposed singular value decomposition based detectors that outperform the CC detector. In this paper, we derive the generalized likelihood ratio tests for this signal model and compare with our proposed SVD based detectors. We demonstrate the near CFAR behavior (highly desirable) of our SVD detectors. We show that on the other hand, the GLRT detectors have a varying probability of false alarm with changing reference channel characteristics making it impractical to use them in a passive radar system. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep; Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nadakuditi, Raj Rao] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7802-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG6ST UT WOS:000390840200050 ER PT J AU Bak, S Bogomolov, S Henzinger, TA Johnson, TT Prakash, P AF Bak, Stanley Bogomolov, Sergiy Henzinger, Thomas A. Johnson, Taylor T. Prakash, Pradyot GP ACM TI Scalable Static Hybridization Methods for Analysis of Nonlinear Systems SO HSCC'16: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYBRID SYSTEMS: COMPUTATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Hybrid Systems - Computation and Control (HSCC) CY APR 12-14, 2016 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ACM SIGBED, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Control Syst Soc, ACM Special Interest Grp Embedded Syst ID REACHABILITY ANALYSIS; HYBRID SYSTEMS; ALGORITHMIC ANALYSIS AB Hybridization methods enable the analysis of hybrid automata with complex, nonlinear dynamics through a sound abstraction process. Complex dynamics are converted to simpler ones with added noise, and then analysis is done using a reachability method for the simpler dynamics. Several such recent approaches advocate that only "dynamic" hybridization techniques-i.e., those where the dynamics are abstracted on-the-fly during a reachability computation-are effective. In this paper, we demonstrate this is not the case, and create static hybridization methods that are more scalable than earlier approaches. The main insight in our approach is that quick, numeric simulations can be used to guide the process, eliminating the need for an exponential number of hybridization domains. Transitions between domains are generally time-triggered, avoiding accumulated error from geometric intersections. We enhance our static technique by combining time-triggered transitions with occasional space-triggered transitions, and demonstrate the benefits of the combined approach in what we call mixed-triggered hybridization. Finally, error modes are inserted to confirm that the reachable states stay within the hybridized regions. The developed techniques can scale to higher dimensions than previous static approaches, while enabling the parallelization of the main performance bottleneck for many dynamic hybridization approaches: the nonlinear optimization required for sound dynamics abstraction. We implement our method as a model transformation pass in the HYST tool, and perform reachability analysis and evaluation using an unmodified version of SpaceEx on nonlinear models with up to six dimensions. C1 [Bak, Stanley] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bogomolov, Sergiy; Henzinger, Thomas A.] IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria. [Johnson, Taylor T.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Prakash, Pradyot] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Bak, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-3955-1 PY 2016 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1145/2883817.2883837 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG6UL UT WOS:000390844400018 ER PT J AU McDonald, JT Kim, YC Andel, TR McVicar, J Forbes, MA AF McDonald, Jeffrey T. Kim, Yong C. Andel, Todd R. McVicar, James Forbes, Miles A. GP IEEE TI Functional Polymorphism for Intellectual Property Protection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HARDWARE ORIENTED SECURITY AND TRUST (HOST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL McLean, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intrinsic ID, Enthentica, Intel, Rambus Cryptol Res, Mentor Graph, Microsemi, Cisco, Tortuga Log, Team Res Ubiquitous Secure Technol DE polymorphic gates; intellectual property protection; reverse engineering; hardware security; watermarking AB Polymorphic gates and circuits have been used in the past to design evolutionary components that can sense the environment. In general, polymorphic gates can change their function based on environmental properties such as temperature and power. In the modern digital logic threat landscape, adversarial reverse engineering and illegal cloning pose two risks for hardware-based applications with embedded intellectual property (IP). In this paper, we implement the concept of functional polymorphism at the design level using realized polygates and consider its application for IP protection in specific digital supply chain settings. We introduce a transformation algorithm for general circuits that utilize polygates to produce variants of a target circuit or component. We provide results of a case study analysis on traditional combinational benchmark circuits and components that illustrates efficacy of the approach for circuit watermarking and the ability to defeat adversarial reverse engineering as part of the supply chain lifecycle. C1 [McDonald, Jeffrey T.; Andel, Todd R.; McVicar, James; Forbes, Miles A.] Univ S Alabama, Sch Comp, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Kim, Yong C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP McDonald, JT (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Sch Comp, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. EM jtmcdonald@southalabama.edu; young.kim@us.af.mil; tandel@southalabama.edu; jam1110@jagmail.southalabama.edu; maf1202@jagmail.southalabama.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8826-9 PY 2016 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG6PH UT WOS:000390718200011 ER PT S AU Yang, CF Wu, CP Li, H Chen, YR Barnell, M Wu, Q AF Yang, Chaofei Wu, Chunpeng Li, Hai Chen, Yiran Barnell, Mark Wu, Qing GP ACM TI Security Challenges in Smart Surveillance Systems and the Solutions Based on Emerging Nano-devices SO 2016 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) SE ICCAD-IEEE ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 07-10, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ACM, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Design Automat AB Modern smart surveillance systems can not only record the monitored environment but also identify the targeted objects and detect anomaly activities. These advanced functions are often facilitated by deep neural networks, achieving very high accuracy and large data processing throughput. However, inappropriate design of the neural network may expose such smart systems to the risks of leaking the target being searched or even the adopted learning model itself to attackers. In this talk, we will present the security challenges in the design of smart surveillance systems. We will also discuss some possible solutions that leverage the unique properties of emerging nano-devices, including the incurred design and performance cost and optimization methods for minimizing these overheads. C1 [Yang, Chaofei; Wu, Chunpeng; Li, Hai; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Barnell, Mark; Wu, Qing] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM chy61@pitt.edu; chw127@pitt.edu; hal66@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; mark.barnell.1@us.af.mil; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 1933-7760 BN 978-1-4503-4466-1 J9 ICCAD-IEEE ACM INT PY 2016 DI 10.1145/2966986.2980092 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG6HH UT WOS:000390297800109 ER PT S AU Yang, CF Liu, BY Li, H Chen, YR Wen, WJ Bernell, M Wu, Q Rajendran, J AF Yang, Chaofei Liu, Beiye Li, Hai Chen, Yiran Wen, Wujie Bernell, Mark Wu, Qing Rajendran, Jeyavijayan GP ACM TI Security of Neuromorphic Computing: Thwarting Learning Attacks Using Memristor's Obsolescence Effect SO 2016 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) SE ICCAD-IEEE ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 07-10, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ACM, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Design Automat AB Neuromorphic architectures are widely used in many applications for advanced data processing, and often implements proprietary algorithms. In this work, we prevent an attacker with physical access from learning the proprietary algorithm implemented by the neuromorphic hardware. For this purpose, we leverage the obsolescence effect in memristors to judiciously reduce the accuracy of outputs for any unauthorized user. For a legitimate user, we regulate the obsolescence effect, thereby controlling the accuracy of outputs. We also analyze the security vs. cost trade-offs for different applications. Our methodology is compatible with mainstream classification applications, memristor devices, and security and performance constraints. C1 [Yang, Chaofei; Liu, Beiye; Li, Hai; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Wen, Wujie] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bernell, Mark; Wu, Qing] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Rajendran, Jeyavijayan] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM chy61@pitt.edu; be134@pitt.edu; ha166@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; wwen@fiu.edu; mark.barnell.1@us.af.mil; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; jv.ee@utdallas.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 1933-7760 BN 978-1-4503-4466-1 J9 ICCAD-IEEE ACM INT PY 2016 DI 10.1145/2966986.2967074 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG6HH UT WOS:000390297800097 ER PT S AU Iftikhar, A Parrow, J Asif, S Braaten, BD Allen, J Allen, M Wenner, B AF Iftikhar, A. Parrow, J. Asif, S. Braaten, B. D. Allen, J. Allen, M. Wenner, B. GP IEEE TI On Using Magneto-static Responsive Particles as Switching Elements to Reconfigure Microwave Filters SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (EIT) SE International Conference on Electro Information Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT) CY MAY 19-21, 2016 CL Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND SP IEEE HO Univ N Dakota ID TUNABLE FILTERS AB This paper presents the use of novel Magneto-static Responsive Structures (MRSs) as switching elements in microwave filters to achieve frequency reconfigurability. A single MRS consisted of a small piece of substrate with a cavity drilled out of it. The cavity was then filled with microscopic magnetic particles and capped on both ends with copper tape. In the presence of a static magnetic field, the magnetic particles formed columns along the field lines and connected the two top and bottom conducting planes to form a short. In the absence of the magnetic field the columns collapsed, disconnecting the conducting plates resulting in an open switch. The theoretical design, optimization and performance of a single MRS as well as a reconfigurable filter using MRSs was simulated using the 3D full wave electromagnetic (EM) models in HFSS (R). The laboratory prototypes with MRSs were then manufactured and attached to the reconfigurable band-pass filter prototype for validation. Measured results of the prototype filter showed good agreement with the simulations. Specifically, a 2.7 GHz center frequency with a 60 MHz bandwidth in the MRS 'OFF' state and a 1.98 GHz center frequency with a 50 MHz bandwidth in the MRS 'ON' state was observed. The simulated and measured insertion losses of the reconfigurable band-pass filter were 2.9 dB and 2.98 dB in the 'OFF' and 'ON' states, respectively. It was successfully shown that the proposed MRS can be used as an alternative switching technology in reconfigurable microwave filters in a frequency band from the 100 KHz - 3.0 GHz, with an additional benefit of not requiring directly connected biasing circuitry. C1 [Iftikhar, A.; Parrow, J.; Asif, S.; Braaten, B. D.] North Dakota State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Allen, J.; Allen, M.; Wenner, B.] US Air Force, AFRL, RWMFT, Res Lab,Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Braaten, BD (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM ben.braaten@ieee.org NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0357 BN 978-1-4673-9985-2 J9 INT CONF ELECTRO INF PY 2016 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG6HW UT WOS:000390300900017 ER PT S AU Berger, M Seversky, LM Brown, DS AF Berger, Matthew Seversky, Lee M. Brown, Daniel S. BE Okamura, A Menciassi, A Ude, A Burschka, D Lee, D Arrichiello, F Liu, H Moon, H Neira, J Sycara, K Yokoi, K Martinet, P Oh, P Valdastri, P Krovi, V TI Classifying Swarm Behavior via Compressive Subspace Learning SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 16-21, 2016 CL Royal Inst Technol, Ctr Autonomous Syst, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, ABB, DJI, KUKA, Husqvarna, iRobot, Khalifa Univ, Kinova Univ, MOOG, PAL Robot, UBER, Amazon HO Royal Inst Technol, Ctr Autonomous Syst AB Bio-inspired robot swarms encompass a rich space of dynamics and collective behaviors. Given some agent measurements of a swarm at a particular time instance, an important problem is the classification of the swarm behavior. This is challenging in practical scenarios where information from only a small number of agents may be available, resulting in limited agent samples for classification. Another challenge is recognizing emerging behavior: the prediction of swarm behavior prior to convergence of the attracting state. In this paper we address these challenges by modeling a swarm's collective motion as a low-dimensional linear subspace. We illustrate that for both synthetic and real data, these behaviors manifest as low-dimensional subspaces, and that these subspaces are highly discriminative. We also show that these subspaces generalize well to predicting emerging behavior, highlighting that there exists low-dimensional structure in transient agent behavior. In order to learn distinct behavior subspaces, we extend previous work on subspace estimation and identification from missing data to that of compressive measurements, where compressive measurements arise due to agent positions scattered throughout the domain. We demonstrate improvement in performance over prior works with respect to limited agent samples over a wide range of agent models and scenarios. C1 [Berger, Matthew; Seversky, Lee M.; Brown, Daniel S.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berger, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-8026-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2016 BP 5328 EP 5335 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BG5KH UT WOS:000389516204080 ER PT S AU Jiang, H Zhu, WJ Luo, F Bai, KJ Liu, CC Zhang, XR Yang, JJ Xia, QF Chen, YR Wu, Q AF Jiang, Hao Zhu, Weijie Luo, Fu Bai, Kangjun Liu, Chenchen Zhang, Xiaorong Yang, J. Joshua Xia, Qiangfei Chen, Yiran Wu, Qing GP IEEE TI Cyclical Sensing Integrate-and-Fire Circuit for Memristor Array Based Neuromorphic Computing SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 22-25, 2016 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, Tourisme Montreal, CMC Microsystems, Analog Devices, Mentor Graphics, IEEE LifeSciences, Hardent, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Fujifilm Dimatix, UQAM, Dept Informatique, eSilicon, Springer DE Neuromorphic computing; spiking neural network; hardware implementation; integrate and fire circuit AB The brain-inspired, spike-based neuromorphic system is highly anticipated in the artificial intelligence community due to its high computational efficiency. The recently developed memristor-crossbar-array technology, which is able to efficiently emulate the plasticity of biological synapses and accommodate matrix multiplication, has demonstrated its potential for neuromorphic computing. To facilitate the computation, a high-speed integrate-and-fire circuit (IFC) and a counter were previously developed to efficiently convert the current from the memristor array into rate-coded spikes. However, the linear dynamic range of the circuit, which is limited by its responding speed, is challenged when the input intensity and the conductance of the memristor array are both high simultaneously. In this paper, a novel cyclical sensing scheme is developed that can significantly extend the linear dynamic range of the original IFC. Meanwhile, the power efficiency of the IFC can also be increased. The circuit simulation results indicated that the cyclical sensing IFC was able to efficiently and accurately facilitate the matrix multiplication when it was integrated with a 32 x 32 memristor crossbar array. With the optimized crossbar array structure and its peripheral circuits, the developed cyclical sensing IFC has shown great promise in accelerating matrix multiplication in spike-based computing systems. C1 [Jiang, Hao; Zhu, Weijie; Luo, Fu; Bai, Kangjun; Zhang, Xiaorong] San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Liu, Chenchen; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yang, J. Joshua; Xia, Qiangfei] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Elect Engn, Amherst, MA USA. [Wu, Qing] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, New York, NY USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM jianghao@sfsu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4799-5341-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2016 BP 930 EP 933 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG6DT UT WOS:000390094701016 ER PT S AU Murphy, W Renz, M Wu, Q AF Murphy, William Renz, Megan Wu, Qing GP IEEE TI Binary Image Classification Using a Neurosynaptic Processor: A Trade-Off Analysis SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 22-25, 2016 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, Tourisme Montreal, CMC Microsystems, Analog Devices, Mentor Graphics, IEEE LifeSciences, Hardent, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Fujifilm Dimatix, UQAM, Dept Informatique, eSilicon, Springer AB This paper examines the performance of two power efficient hardware implementations using deep neural networks to perform a simple image classification task. We provide the first ever examination of the accuracy-energy trade-offs of deep neural networks running on both an embedded GPU, and a neuromorphic processor. IBM's TrueNorth is a brain-inspired event-driven neuromorphic processor. It was designed to be scalable and to consume extremely low amounts of power. NVIDIA's Tegra K1 SoC is a mobile processor also designed with low power and a small footprint in mind. While these two chips were designed with similar constraints, the resulting architectures and performance trade-offs achieved are significantly different. On our simple image classification task Convolutional Neural Networks utilizing the Tegra K1 SoC achieve up to 89% accuracy with a normalized accuracy per active energy, parallel to Lambda cc parallel to/E-A, score of up to 24.22 on our test dataset, while Tea Networks running on the TrueNorth processor achieve less accuracy at 82%, but a better accuracy-energy trade-off with a parallel to Lambda cc parallel to/E-A score of up to 158.49. C1 [Murphy, William; Wu, Qing] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Renz, Megan] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Murphy, W (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.murphy.37@us.af.mil; meganren@buffalo.edu; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4799-5341-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2016 BP 1342 EP 1345 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG6DT UT WOS:000390094701119 ER PT S AU Yan, BN Mahmoud, AM Yang, JJ Wu, Q Chen, YR Li, H AF Yan, Bonan Mahmoud, Amr Mahmoud Yang, Jianhua Joshua Wu, Qing Chen, Yiran Li, Hai (Helen) GP IEEE TI A Neuromorphic ASIC Design Using One-Selector-One-Memristor Crossbar SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 22-25, 2016 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, Tourisme Montreal, CMC Microsystems, Analog Devices, Mentor Graphics, IEEE LifeSciences, Hardent, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Fujifilm Dimatix, UQAM, Dept Informatique, eSilicon, Springer AB The applications of memristors in neuromorphic computing have been extensively studied for its analogy to synapse. To overcome sneak path issue, nonlinear resistive selectors have been introduced to the design of memristor crossbar, enabling a high integration density and robust computing capability. However, the nonlinearity of such selectors also influences the computation accuracy of the vector-matrix multiplication performed on the memristor crossbar. In this work, we evaluate the impact of nonlinear resistive selectors on the computation robustness of a Hopfield spike-based pattern recognition system based on memristor crossbar technology. The methods that can suppress the adverse impact of the nonlinear selector on the system performance are also studied. C1 [Yan, Bonan; Mahmoud, Amr Mahmoud; Chen, Yiran; Li, Hai (Helen)] Univ Pittsburgh, Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yang, Jianhua Joshua] Univ Massachusetts, Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wu, Qing] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Yan, BN (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM boy12@pitt.edu; am418@pitt.edu; jjyang@umass.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; ha166@pitt.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4799-5341-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2016 BP 1390 EP 1393 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG6DT UT WOS:000390094701131 ER PT J AU Atighetchi, M Benyo, B Eskridge, TC Last, D AF Atighetchi, Michael Benyo, Brett Eskridge, Thomas C. Last, David GP IEEE TI A Decision Engine for Configuration of Proactive Defenses-Challenges and Concepts SO 2016 RESILIENCE WEEK (RWS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Resilience Week (RWS) CY AUG 16-18, 2016 CL Chicago, IL SP Idaho Natl Labs, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Ind Elect Soc DE cyber security analysis; modeling; threat assessment AB Selecting appropriate cyber defense mechanisms for an enterprise network and correctly configuring them is a challenging problem. Identifying the set of defenses and their configurations in a way that maximizes security without exhausting system resources or causing unintended interference (a situation known as cyber friendly-fire) is a multi-criteria decision problem, which is difficult for humans to solve effectively and efficiently. Proactive defenses are especially difficult to configure due to their temporal nature. This paper describes the challenges and solution concepts for a decision engine that (1) intelligently searches for optimal cyber defense configurations in a way that leads to continuously improving solutions; (2) uses compute clusters to scale computation to realistic enterprise-level networks; and (3) presents meaningful choices to operators and incorporates their feedback to improve the suggested solutions. C1 [Atighetchi, Michael; Benyo, Brett] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Eskridge, Thomas C.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Last, David] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Atighetchi, M (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM matighet@bbn.com; bbenyo@bbn.com; teskridge@fit.edu; david.last.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2002-7 PY 2016 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG6IA UT WOS:000390301800001 ER PT J AU Soule, N Pal, P Clark, S Krisler, B Macera, A AF Soule, Nathaniel Pal, Partha Clark, Shane Krisler, Brian Macera, Anthony GP IEEE TI Enabling Defensive Deception in Distributed System Environments SO 2016 RESILIENCE WEEK (RWS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Resilience Week (RWS) CY AUG 16-18, 2016 CL Chicago, IL SP Idaho Natl Labs, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Ind Elect Soc DE deception; distributed systems; security AB While attackers have used deception to hide their identities, cause surprise, or mislead victims, defensive use of deception has been limited to honeypots and moving target defenses (MTDs). This has left unexplored a powerful defensive strategy namely, active manipulation of the adversary's decision loop. In contrast to the passive approach of honeypots and MTDs, this active approach deliberately interacts with the adversary to cause him to think he is succeeding and expend effort in an alternate reality. The work described in this paper took initial steps to realize active defensive deception in the context of distributed systems and built a prototype that creates an alternate reality in which to trap, learn about, and manipulate adversarial actors without affecting normal and legitimate operations. This prototype, called KAGE, employs Software Defined Networking (SDN), and virtualization to create a malleable substrate in which deception can occur. Deception is necessarily context dependent. In the case of KAGE, deception is tied to the mission purpose served by the distributed system being defended, specifically the services running, and the configuration, scale, and complexity of the environment. Consequently, there is no single deception strategy that will fit all system and mission contexts. KAGE therefore presents a framework through which a wide array of deceptions can be composed from component building blocks. This work-inprogress paper introduces the concept of active defensive cyber deception, discusses the early stage KAGE prototype, and introduces some of the challenges intrinsic to enabling defensive deception in distributed environments. C1 [Soule, Nathaniel; Pal, Partha; Clark, Shane; Krisler, Brian] BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Macera, Anthony] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Soule, N (reprint author), BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nsoule@bbn.com; ppal@bbn.com; sclark@bbn.com; bkrisler@bbn.com; antliony.macera.1@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2002-7 PY 2016 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG6IA UT WOS:000390301800011 ER PT S AU Suelzer, JS Joglekar, YN Vemuri, G AF Suelzer, Joseph S. Joglekar, Yogesh N. Vemuri, Gautam BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Parity-time symmetry breaking in optically coupled semiconductor lasers SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VIII CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Non-Hermitian physics; coupled semiconductor lasers; nonlinear dynamics AB We experimentally demonstrate the realization of a parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking in optically coupled semiconductor lasers (SCLs). The two SCLs are identical except for a detuning between their optical emission frequencies. This detuning is analogous to the gain-loss parameter found in optical PT systems. To model the coupled SCLs, we employ the standard rate equations describing the electric field and carrier inversion of each SCL, and show that, under certain conditions, the rate equations reduce to the canonical, two-site PT symmetric model. This model captures the global behavior of the laser intensity as the system parameters are varied. Overall, we find that this bulk system (coupled SCLs) provides an excellent test-bed to probe the characteristics of PT-breaking transitions, including the effects of time delay. C1 [Suelzer, Joseph S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Suelzer, Joseph S.; Joglekar, Yogesh N.; Vemuri, Gautam] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, 402 N Blackford St, Indianapolis, IN 46205 USA. RP Suelzer, JS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Suelzer, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, 402 N Blackford St, Indianapolis, IN 46205 USA. EM joseph.suelzer.ctr@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0231-1; 978-1-5106-0232-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9920 AR UNSP 99201M DI 10.1117/12.2239487 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG6KA UT WOS:000390409500010 ER PT J AU Liu, J Eryilmaz, A Shroff, NB Bentley, ES AF Liu, Jia Eryilmaz, Atilla Shroff, Ness B. Bentley, Elizabeth S. GP IEEE TI Heavy-Ball: A New Approach to Tame Delay and Convergence in Wireless Network Optimization SO IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - THE 35TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Annual International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM) CY APR 10-14, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE ID CONGESTION CONTROL; FAIRNESS AB The last decade has seen significant advances in optimization-based resource allocation and control approaches for wireless networks. However, the existing work suffer from poor performance in one or more of the metrics of optimality, delay, and convergence speed. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we introduce a largely overlooked but highly effective heavy-ball optimization method. Based on this heavy-ball technique, we develop a cross-layer optimization framework that offers utility-optimality, fast-convergence, and significant delay reduction. Our contributions are three-fold: i) we propose a heavy-ball joint congestion control and routing/scheduling framework for both single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks; ii) we show that the proposed heavy-ball method offers an elegant three-way trade-off in utility, delay, and convergence, which is achieved under a near index-type simple policy; and more importantly, iii) our work opens the door to an unexplored network control and optimization paradigm that leverages advanced optimization techniques based on "memory/momentum" information. C1 [Liu, Jia; Eryilmaz, Atilla; Shroff, Ness B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bentley, Elizabeth S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9953-1 PY 2016 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BG6EN UT WOS:000390154400145 ER PT J AU Liu, J Eryilmaz, A Shroff, NB Bentley, ES AF Liu, Jia Eryilmaz, Atilla Shroff, Ness B. Bentley, Elizabeth S. GP ACM TI Understanding the Impact of Limited Channel State Information on Massive MIMO Network Performances SO MOBIHOC '16: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING AND COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heinz Nixdorf Museums Forum, Paderborn, GERMANY SP ACM, ACM SIGMOBILE, Collaborat Res Ctr Fly Comp, German Sci Fdn, Heinz Nixdorf Inst, Univ Paderborn HO Heinz Nixdorf Museums Forum ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; CONGESTION CONTROL; OPTIMIZATION; FAIRNESS; FEEDBACK AB In recent years, there have been significant efforts on the research and development of Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technologies at the physical layer. So far, however, the understanding of how M-MIMO could affect the performance of network control and optimization algorithms remains rather limited. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance of the queue-length-based joint congestion control and scheduling framework (QCS) over M-MIMO cellular networks with limited channel state information (CSI). Our contributions in this paper are two-fold: i) We characterize the scaling performance of the queue-lengths and show that there exists a phase transitioning phenomenon in the steady-state queue-length deviation respect to the CSI quality (reflected in the number of bits B that represent CSI); and ii) We characterize the congestion control rate scaling performance and show that there also exists a phase transitioning phenomenon in steady-state congestion control rate deviation respect to the CSI quality. Collectively, the findings in this paper advance our understanding of the trade-offs between delay, throughput, and the accuracy/complexity of CSI acquisition in M-MIMO cellular network systems. C1 [Liu, Jia; Eryilmaz, Atilla; Shroff, Ness B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bentley, Elizabeth S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA PY 2016 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1145/2942358.2942392 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BG6LD UT WOS:000390463900026 ER PT S AU Beal, J Usbeck, K Loyall, J Metzler, J AF Beal, Jacob Usbeck, Kyle Loyall, Joseph Metzler, James GP IEEE TI Opportunistic Sharing of Airborne Sensors SO PROCEEDINGS 12TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR SYSTEMS (DCOSS 2016) SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Annual International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS) CY MAY 26-28, 2016 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE AB Airborne sensors are often idle for much of their flight, e.g., while the platform carrying them is in transit to and from the locations of sensor tasks. The sensing needs of many other potential information consumers might thus be served by sharing such sensors, allowing other information consumers to opportunistically task them during their otherwise unscheduled time. Toward this end, we have developed Mission-Driven Tasking of Information Producers (MTIP), a prototype system for opportunistic sharing of airborne sensors. This paper describes its implementation as an agent-based task allocation system on top of the Marti Quality of Service (QoS)-managed publish-subscribe information management system, and presents simulations of a disaster response scenario demonstrating how MTIP can increase the number of sensor tasks served as well as reducing the number of UAVs required to serve a given set of sensor tasks. C1 [Beal, Jacob; Usbeck, Kyle; Loyall, Joseph] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Metzler, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Beal, J (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jakebeal@bbn.com; kusbeck@bbn.com; jloyall@bbn.com; james.metzler@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-2936 BN 978-1-5090-1459-0 J9 IEEE INT CONF DISTR PY 2016 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1109/DCOSS.2016.43 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG5UQ UT WOS:000389774000004 ER PT S AU Chakraborty, A Sharma, R Taylor, CN Brink, KM AF Chakraborty, Anusna Sharma, Rajnikant Taylor, Clark N. Brink, Kevin M. GP IEEE TI Cooperative Localization for Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Savannah, GA SP IEEE, Inst Navigat, AESS ID NAVIGATION AB In this paper, we investigate how relative measurements between fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and known landmarks can be used to cooperatively localize UAVs when GPS signals are not available. A centralized Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to combine local sensor information from all the UAVs to estimate the required states of all the UAVs. We compare the localization accuracy of the cooperative localization algorithm for different relative measurements such as range, bearing, range rate, and line-of-sight rate. The dynamics, IMU, airspeed, and altimeter data used in the algorithm were collected from flight tests by Naval Postgraduate School [1]. However, the relative measurements are simulated using the flight data. The results are then compared against the GPS data available from the flight test. C1 [Chakraborty, Anusna; Sharma, Rajnikant] Utah State Univ, Dept ECE, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] AFRL, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Brink, Kevin M.] AFRL, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Chakraborty, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept ECE, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM anusna90@gmail.com; rajnikant.sharma@usu.edu; clark.taylor@wpafb.af.mil; kevin.brink@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-5090-2042-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2016 BP 106 EP 117 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BG4OS UT WOS:000389021800016 ER PT S AU Hardy, J Strader, J Gross, JN Gu, Y Keck, M Douglas, J Taylor, CN AF Hardy, Jeremy Strader, Jared Gross, Jason N. Gu, Yu Keck, Mark Douglas, Joel Taylor, Clark N. GP IEEE TI Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relative Navigation in GPS Denied Environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Savannah, GA SP IEEE, Inst Navigat, AESS DE GPS-Denied Navigation; Relative Inertial Navigation; Relative Pose Computer Vision AB This paper considers the problem of target handoff between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a GPS denied environment, and focuses on the design and evaluation of an estimation strategy for determining the relative pose of the aircraft. The estimation approach presented in this paper has three distinct components that act in concert to achieve the overall objective. First, a novel cooperative control and estimation strategy is used to determine relative pose from IMU and peer-to-peer ranging radio data without any a priori knowledge of either aircraft's pose. Next, a relative pose measurement is calculated using extracted features from downward looking cameras on the two UAVs. The computer vision technique first uses an indexing scheme based on a hierarchical statistical model to determine which frames from the two cameras have overlapping coverage, aligns the overlapping frames, and then calculates the relative pose estimate. Finally, a nonlinear Kalman Filter, which has been initialized with the a priori solution from the initialization filter is used to estimate relative pose by predicting it through the integration of IMU data of both UAVs with measurement updates from peer-to-peer radio ranging radios, magnetometers and the computer vision estimates. C1 [Hardy, Jeremy; Strader, Jared; Gross, Jason N.; Gu, Yu] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Keck, Mark] Syst & Technol Res, Morgantown, WV USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hardy, J (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-5090-2042-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2016 BP 344 EP 352 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BG4OS UT WOS:000389021800046 ER PT S AU Zhu, Z Adams, K Venable, D Campbell, J AF Zhu, Zhen Adams, Kayland Venable, Don Campbell, Jacob GP IEEE TI Goal-Driven Sensor Configuration in a Navigation System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Savannah, GA SP IEEE, Inst Navigat, AESS DE GNSS-denied navigation; Goal-driven; resource-constrained optimization AB This paper presents a systematic approach to configure the sensor suite and measurement preprocessing functionality in a navigation system. The sensors and the user platform will be abstracted and represented with generic models. Various types of resources on the platform including processing capability, power consumption and payload capability are included in the platform model. Navigation performance will be optimized to meet the goals of specific missions, subject to the constraints on the onboard resources. A non-linear programming process is adopted to solve the constrained optimization problem. C1 [Zhu, Zhen; Adams, Kayland] East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Venable, Don; Campbell, Jacob] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-5090-2042-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2016 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BG4OS UT WOS:000389021800069 ER PT J AU Lohani, M Stokes, C Mccoy, M Bailey, CA Rivers, SE AF Lohani, Monika Stokes, Charlene McCoy, Marissa Bailey, Christopher A. Rivers, Susan E. GP ACM TI Social Interaction Moderates Human-Robot Trust-Reliance Relationship and Improves Stress Coping SO ELEVENTH ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN ROBOT INTERATION (HRI'16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) CY MAR 07-10, 2016 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP ACM, IEEE, ACM SIGCHI, ACM SIGAI, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, HFES, AAAI, ACM SIGART AB Previous work with non-social human-robot interaction has found no links between trust and reliance [1]. The current study tested the question: Can social interactions moderate trust-reliance relationship? Human-robot interactions may share similar characteristics to social and emotional interactions between humans. We investigated how social and emotional human-robot interactions moderate the trust-reliance relationship and impacts perceived stress coping abilities. In the experimental condition, social and emotional interactions were used to guide the dialogue between a participant and a virtual robot in order to promote team building. In the matched control condition, the interactions were information-focused, without social or emotional interaction. We show that social interaction moderated the effect of trust on reliance such that higher trust led to greater reliance on the robot. The experimental condition also had higher perceived stress coping abilities. These findings contribute to the existing literature and suggest that creating deeper social and emotional interactions with a robot team-mate can facilitate human-robot partnership. C1 [Lohani, Monika; Stokes, Charlene; McCoy, Marissa; Bailey, Christopher A.; Rivers, Susan E.] Yale Univ, Dept Physiol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Stokes, Charlene] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lohani, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Physiol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM monika.lohani@yale.edu; charlene.stokes@yale.edu; marissa.mccoy@yale.edu; christopher.a.bailey@yale.edu; susan.e.rivers@yale.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4673-8369-1 PY 2016 BP 471 EP 472 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BG5YW UT WOS:000389809100086 ER PT S AU Astratov, VN Abolmaali, F Brettin, A Allen, KW Maslov, AV Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM AF Astratov, Vasily N. Abolmaali, Farzaneh Brettin, Aaron Allen, Kenneth W. Maslov, Alexey V. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Urbas, Augustine M. GP IEEE TI Label-Free Nanoscopy with Contact Microlenses: Super-Resolution Mechanisms and Limitations SO 2016 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON) SE International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks-ICTON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) CY JUL 10-14, 2016 CL Univ Trento, Fac Letters & Philosophy, Trento, ITALY SP IEEE Photon Soc HO Univ Trento, Fac Letters & Philosophy DE near-field microscopy; super-resolution; microsphere; microfiber; photonic nanojets ID DIFFRACTION LIMIT; MICROSCOPY; LIGHT; MICROSPHERES; RESOLUTION; ARRAYS AB Despite all the success with developing super-resolution imaging techniques, the Abbe limit poses a severe fundamental restriction on the resolution of far-field imaging systems based on diffraction of light. Imaging with contact microlenses, such as microspheres or microfibers, can increase the resolution by a factor of two beyond the Abbe limit. The theoretical mechanisms of these methods are debated in the literature. In this work, we focus on the recently expressed idea that optical coupling between closely spaced nanoscale objects can lead to the formation of the modes that drastically impact the imaging properties. These coupling effects emerge in nanoplasmonic or nanocavity clusters, photonic molecules, or various arrays under resonant excitation conditions. The coherent nature of imaging processes is key to understanding their physical mechanisms. We used a cluster of point dipoles, as a simple model system, to study and compare the consequences of coherent and incoherent imaging. Using finite difference time domain modeling, we show that the coherent images are full of artefacts. The out-of-phase oscillations produce zero-intensity points that can be observed with practically unlimited resolution (determined by the noise). We showed that depending on the phase distribution, the nanoplasmonic cluster can appear with the arbitrary shape, and such images were obtained experimentally. C1 [Astratov, Vasily N.; Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Brettin, Aaron; Allen, Kenneth W.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Astratov, Vasily N.; Brettin, Aaron; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maslov, Alexey V.] Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Dept Radiophys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.; Astratov, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM astratov@uncc.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7339 BN 978-1-5090-1467-5 J9 INT C TRANS OPT NETW PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BG5MG UT WOS:000389537400274 ER PT S AU Brettin, A Abolmaali, F Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Brettin, Aaron Abolmaali, Farzaneh Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Superresolution Imaging with Contact Microspheres: Importance of Numerical Aperture SO 2016 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON) SE International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks-ICTON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) CY JUL 10-14, 2016 CL Univ Trento, Fac Letters & Philosophy, Trento, ITALY SP IEEE Photon Soc HO Univ Trento, Fac Letters & Philosophy DE near-field microscopy; super-resolution; microsphere; microfiber; photonic nanojets ID RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; NANOSCOPE; NANOJET; ARRAYS; LIGHT; GOLD AB Optical nanoscopy with contact microlenses emerged as a simple method which allows overcoming the classical diffraction limit represented by the Abbe's formula. The mechanisms of such imaging are debated in the literature including photonic nanojets, plasmon-polaritons, localized surface plasmon resonances and coherent modal excitations in metallic objects, as well as optical resonances in microspherical lenses. The system containing metallic nano-object coupled to a dielectric microsphere can be considered as a directional antenna. This means that the dependence of the resolution on the numerical aperture (NA) of the microscope objective can be different from that predicted by the Abbe formula. In this work, we tested this hypothesis experimentally and showed that reduction of NA from 0.95 to 0.6 leads to a decrease in resolution from similar to lambda/7 to similar to lambda/4, where lambda is the illumination wavelength. C1 [Brettin, Aaron; Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Ctr Optoelectron & Optic Commun, Dept Phys & Optic Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Ctr Optoelectron & Optic Commun, Dept Phys & Optic Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.; Astratov, VN (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM astratov@uncc.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7339 BN 978-1-5090-1467-5 J9 INT C TRANS OPT NETW PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BG5MG UT WOS:000389537400381 ER PT S AU Back, TC Fairchild, SB Soukiassian, P Berger, MH Martinotti, D Douillard, L Kordesch, M Gruen, G Murray, PT Schmid, AK Chen, G Sayir, A AF Back, Tyson C. Fairchild, Steven B. Soukiassian, Patrick Berger, Marie-Helene Martinotti, Dominique Douillard, Ludovic Kordesch, Martin Gruen, Gregg Murray, P. Terrence Schmid, Andreas K. Chen, Gong Sayir, Ali GP IEEE TI Low Energy Electron Microscopy Study of Directionally Solidified LaB6 -( Zr, V)B-2 Eutectics SO 2016 29TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 11-15, 2016 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, ZEISS, Modern Electron, Amer Vacuum Soci, Paul Scherrer Inst, Elect & Comp Engn, Univ British Columbia, Peter Wall Inst Adv Studies, Dept Elect & Comp Engn DE Low Energy Electron Microscopy; Eutectic; Lanthanum Hexaboride AB LaB6 eutectic materials show promise as a replacement for common thermionic cathode materials. This eutectic system belongs to a class of materials referred to as directionally solidified eutectics (DSEs). LaB6 DSEs consist of a LaB6 matrix with a second phase, a metal di-boride, forming cylindrical rods in the matrix. Previous investigations on this material were focused on its use as a high temperature structural material. Use as a thermionic emitter remains largely unexplored. C1 [Back, Tyson C.; Gruen, Gregg; Murray, P. Terrence] Univ Dayton Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Back, Tyson C.; Fairchild, Steven B.; Gruen, Gregg; Murray, P. Terrence] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soukiassian, Patrick; Martinotti, Dominique; Douillard, Ludovic] Univ Paris Sud Orsay, DSM DRECAM SPCSI, Lab Surfaces & Interfaces Mat Avances Assoc, Commissariat Energie Atom, Batiment 462, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Berger, Marie-Helene] Ecole Mines Paris, Ctr Mat, Evry, France. [Kordesch, Martin] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Schmid, Andreas K.; Chen, Gong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NCEM Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sayir, Ali] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Back, TC (reprint author), Univ Dayton Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.; Back, TC (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2370 BN 978-1-5090-2419-3 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG5ML UT WOS:000389543500027 ER PT S AU Cahay, M Zhu, W Perarulan, N Fairchild, SB Forbes, RG Back, TC Murray, PT AF Cahay, M. Zhu, W. Perarulan, N. Fairchild, S. B. Forbes, R. G. Back, T. C. Murray, P. T. GP IEEE TI Progress in the development of a multiscale model of the field emission properties of carbon nanotube fibers SO 2016 29TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 11-15, 2016 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, ZEISS, Modern Electron, Amer Vacuum Soci, Paul Scherrer Inst, Elect & Comp Engn, Univ British Columbia, Peter Wall Inst Adv Studies, Dept Elect & Comp Engn DE carbon nanotube fibers; field electron emission; self-heating effects; multiscale modeling; Nottingham effect AB Recently, we presented a multiscale model of field electron emission (FE) from carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs), taking into account Joule heating within the fiber, radiative cooling from its surface and Henderson/Nottingham-type cooling and heating effects at the tips of the individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) located on the fiber apex [1]. The model was used to predict the CNT fraction destroyed as a function of the applied external electric field. The model reproduces many experimental features observed in recent investigations of CNFs, including the emission current order-of-magnitude (mA range), the low turn-on macroscopic field (fraction of V/mu m), deviation from pure Fowler-Nordheim behavior at large applied electric field, irreversibility loops in the FE characteristics, and a spatial variation of the temperature along the CNF axis, with a maximum a few hundred degrees C close to its apex. In this paper, this model is used to investigate how electrostatic screening and details of the CNT array at the fiber apex might affect the overall emission characteristics. C1 [Cahay, M.; Zhu, W.; Perarulan, N.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S. B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Forbes, R. G.] Univ Surrey, Adv Technol Inst, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Forbes, R. G.] Univ Surrey, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Back, T. C.; Murray, P. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2370 BN 978-1-5090-2419-3 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG5ML UT WOS:000389543500056 ER PT S AU Cahay, M Zhu, W Fairchild, SB Jensen, KL Back, TC Gruen, G Murray, T Forbes, RG Harris, JR Shiffler, DA AF Cahay, M. Zhu, W. Fairchild, S. B. Jensen, K. L. Back, T. C. Gruen, G. Murray, T. Forbes, R. G. Harris, J. R. Shiffler, D. A. GP IEEE TI A platform to optimize the field emission properties of carbon-nanotube-based fibers SO 2016 29TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 11-15, 2016 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, ZEISS, Modern Electron, Amer Vacuum Soci, Paul Scherrer Inst, Elect & Comp Engn, Univ British Columbia, Peter Wall Inst Adv Studies, Dept Elect & Comp Engn DE carbon nanotube fibers; field electron emission; self-heating effects; multiscale modeling; Nottingham effect AB Building on recent efforts [1-4] to characterize carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs) and electron emission [5,6] suitable for compact, high power, high frequency, vacuum electronic devices, this paper describes a proposed exhaustive approach towards optimizing CNF field emission (FE) properties. It outlines how a platform geared towards meaningful comparisons between different CNF-based emitters can be developed. The platform envisages an iterative procedure involving (a) the growth, processing, and functionalization of CNFs, (b) full investigation of the CNF material properties before and after FE diagnosis, and (c) multi-scale modeling of FE properties, including self-heating, shielding effects and beam characteristics in the CNFs and in the emitting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at the fiber apexes. The modeling would be applicable to a wide variety of CNFs and wire-like sources, and would provide essential feedback to the growth, processing, and functionalization of CNFs, in order to optimize their FE properties (especially long-term stability, low noise, and maximum emission current, current density and brightness. C1 [Cahay, M.; Zhu, W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S. B.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Back, T. C.; Gruen, G.; Murray, T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Forbes, R. G.] Univ Surrey, Adv Technol Inst, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Forbes, R. G.] Univ Surrey, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Harris, J. R.; Shiffler, D. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2370 BN 978-1-5090-2419-3 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG5ML UT WOS:000389543500013 ER PT J AU Millers, NC Albrecht, JD Grupen, M AF Millers, Nicholas C. Albrecht, John D. Grupen, Matt GP IEEE TI Large-Signal RF GaN HEMT Simulation using Fermi Kinetics Transport SO 2016 74TH ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 19-22, 2016 CL University of Delaware, Newark, DE SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO University of Delaware C1 [Millers, Nicholas C.; Albrecht, John D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 428 S Shaw Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Grupen, Matt] US Air Force, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mill1825@egr.msu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2827-6 PY 2016 PG 2 GA BG5MA UT WOS:000389535400031 ER PT J AU Moser, NA Crespo, A Tetlak, SE Green, AJ Chabak, KD Jessen, GH AF Moser, Neil A. Crespo, Antonio Tetlak, Stephen E. Green, Andrew J. Chabak, Kelson D. Jessen, Gregg H. GP IEEE TI Investigation of Thermal Effects in beta-Ga2O3 MOSFET using Pulsed IV SO 2016 74TH ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 19-22, 2016 CL University of Delaware, Newark, DE SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO University of Delaware C1 [Moser, Neil A.] George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Crespo, Antonio; Tetlak, Stephen E.; Green, Andrew J.; Chabak, Kelson D.; Jessen, Gregg H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nmoser@gmu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2827-6 PY 2016 PG 2 GA BG5MA UT WOS:000389535400023 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Sutherlin, K Lou, XB Kim, SB Chabak, KD Gordon, RG Ye, PD AF Zhou, Hong Sutherlin, Karynn Lou, Xiabing Kim, Sang Bok Chabak, Kelson D. Gordon, Roy G. Ye, Peide D. GP IEEE TI DC and RF Characterizations of AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMTs with Deep Sub-micron T-gates and Atomic Layer Epitaxy MgCaO as Gate Dielectric SO 2016 74TH ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 19-22, 2016 CL University of Delaware, Newark, DE SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO University of Delaware C1 [Zhou, Hong; Ye, Peide D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Sutherlin, Karynn; Chabak, Kelson D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lou, Xiabing; Kim, Sang Bok; Gordon, Roy G.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kelson.chabak.1@us.af.mil; gordon@chemistry.harvard.edu; yep@purdue.edur NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2827-6 PY 2016 PG 2 GA BG5MA UT WOS:000389535400014 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Multimode Analysis of a One-Port Dual Ridged Waveguide Probe SO 2016 87TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 87th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) CY MAY 27, 2016 CL San Fransisco, CA SP ARFTG, IEEE MTT S DE Microwave measurements; Permeability measurement; Permittivity measurement; Waveguides; open-ended ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; FREQUENCIES AB Multimode analysis of a one-port, i.e., single, dual ridged waveguide probe is presented. This work significantly extends previous dual ridged waveguide probe research in which only the dominant mode was considered. The theoretical analysis of the dual ridged waveguide probe with higher-order modes is presented and discussed. Experimental results of a magnetic shielding material are presented to investigate the effect of higher-order modes on dual ridged waveguide probe characterization results. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1308-1 PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG5ZU UT WOS:000389829100006 ER PT S AU Geng, J Zhang, BW Huie, LM Lai, LF AF Geng, Jun Zhang, Bingwen Huie, Lauren M. Lai, Lifeng GP IEEE TI ONLINE CHANGE DETECTION OF LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 20-25, 2016 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Linear model; online change detection; parallel-sum procedure; sequential detection; unknown post-change parameter ID CHANGE DETECTION SCHEME; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we consider the problem of quickly detecting an abrupt change of linear coefficients in linear regression models. In particular, the observer sequentially observes a sequence of observations {(x(n), y(n))}8 infinity(n= 1), which is assumed to obey a linear regression model at each time slot n. Some of the coefficients in the linear model change at a fixed but unknown time t. The post-change linear coefficients are unknown to the observer. The observer aims to design an online algorithm to detect the model change based on his sequential observations. Two performance metrics, namely the worst case detection delay (WADD) and the average run length to false alarm (ARL2FA), are adopted to evaluate the performance of detection algorithms. We design a low complexity algorithm, termed as parallel sum algorithm, for the detection purpose. An asymptotic upper bound on WADD is provided under any given ARL2FA constraint. C1 [Geng, Jun] Harbin Inst Tech, Sch Elec & Info Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Bingwen; Lai, Lifeng] Worcester Poly Inst, Dept Elec & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA USA. [Huie, Lauren M.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Geng, J (reprint author), Harbin Inst Tech, Sch Elec & Info Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. EM jgeng@hit.edu.cn; bzhang@wpi.edu; lauren.huie@us.af.mil; llai@wpi.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4799-9988-0 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2016 BP 4910 EP 4914 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BG3XQ UT WOS:000388373405012 ER PT J AU Vakil, MI Megherbi, DB Malas, JA AF Vakil, Mohammad I. Megherbi, Dalila B. Malas, John A. GP IEEE TI Optimized NCC-Information Theoretic Metric for Noisy Wavelength Band Specific Similarity Measures SO 2016 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY (HST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST) CY MAY 10-11, 2016 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE image registration; normalized cross-correlation; mutual information; aerial imagery ID RECOGNITION AB Image registration, in general, offers an increased field of view from an airborne sensor which provides an advantage in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) applications for border security scenarios. Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) is one of the most precise area based template matching technique employed for image registration. In an operational sensor the image acquired will generally contain both system and external noise present in the field of view of the sensor. This, in turn, implies that the NCC may not provide the optimum match for registration. In this paper we present a technique that identifies an optimized correlation coefficient value or a set of coefficient values in the multi-spectral and hyper-spectral cases. In this paper NCC is used in conjunction with information theoretic measures to determine an optimized match, when band varying noise is also present. In particular, the proposed approach is based on a hybrid and combined NCC and information theoretic measures, and does not necessarily use a threshold value to identify potential matches based on the similarity measures. This work also analyzes the effects of varying the template size and the template scene dynamics on template matching accuracy. Finally, the technique is applied to hyper-spectral images, and the band sensitive response for the NCC performance is also determined. C1 [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Megherbi, Dalila B.] Univ Massachusetts, CMINDS Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Malas, John A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vakil, MI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, CMINDS Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.; Vakil, MI (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0770-7 PY 2016 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5NO UT WOS:000389584500018 ER PT S AU Havrilla, M AF Havrilla, Michael GP IEEE TI Comparison of Potential-Based Analysis Methods for Simple and Complex Media SO 2016 URSI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY (EMTS) SE URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS) CY AUG 14-18, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP URSI AB A comparison of vector and scalar potential formulations for simple and complex media is presented. Boundary conditions for the various formulations are provided, including new scalar potential boundary conditions valid for layered bianisotropic gyrotropic media. Advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed in order to identify the most suitable method of analysis for a given class of material. C1 [Havrilla, Michael] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havrilla, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.havrilla@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-405X BN 978-1-5090-2502-2 J9 URSI INT SYM ELECT PY 2016 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG5UN UT WOS:000389770800098 ER PT S AU Alekseenko, A Nguyen, T Wood, A AF Alekseenko, Alexander Truong Nguyen Wood, Aihua BE Ketsdever, A Struchtrup, H TI A Deterministic-Stochastic Approach to Compute the Boltzmann Collision Integral in O(MN) Operations SO 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS (RGD 30) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria ID FAST SPECTRAL METHOD; EQUATION; GAS AB We developed and implemented a numerical algorithm for evaluating the Boltzmann collision operator with O(MN) operations, where N is the number of the discrete velocity points and M < N. The approach is formulated using a bilinear convolution form of the Galerkin projection of the collision operator and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of the collision operator. Key ingredients of the new approach are singular value decomposition (SVD) compression of the collision kernel and approximations of the solution by a sum of Maxwellian streams using a stochastic likelihood maximization algorithm. The developed method is significantly faster than the full deterministic DG velocity discretization of the collision integral. Accuracy of the method is established on solutions to the problem of spatially homogeneous relaxation. C1 [Alekseenko, Alexander] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Truong Nguyen] Wright State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wood, Aihua] US Air Force, Inst Techol, Dept Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alekseenko, A (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Math, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM alexander.alekseenko@csun.edu; nguyen.142@wright.edu; aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1448-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1786 AR UNSP 180006 DI 10.1063/1.4967675 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG5JS UT WOS:000389513200139 ER PT S AU Araki, SJ AF Araki, Samuel J. BE Ketsdever, A Struchtrup, H TI Fast Computation of High Energy Elastic Collision Scattering Angle for Electric Propulsion Plume Simulation SO 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS (RGD 30) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria ID THRUSTER; XENON; IONS AB In the plumes of Hall thrusters and ion thrusters, high energy ions experience elastic collisions with slow neutral atoms. These collisions involve a process of momentum exchange, altering the initial velocity vectors of the collision pair. In addition to the momentum exchange process, ions and atoms can exchange electrons, resulting in slow charge-exchange ions and fast atoms. In these simulations, it is particularly important to accurately perform computations of ion-atom elastic collisions in determining the plume current profile and assessing the integration of spacecraft components. The existing models are currently capable of accurate calculation but are not fast enough such that the calculation can be a bottleneck of plume simulations. This study investigates methods to accelerate an ion-atom elastic collision calculation that includes both momentum-and charge-exchange processes. The scattering angles are pre-computed through a classical approach with ab initio spin-orbit free potential and are stored in a two-dimensional array as functions of impact parameter and energy. When performing a collision calculation for an ion-atom pair, the scattering angle is computed by a table lookup and multiple linear interpolations, given the relative energy and randomly determined impact parameter. In order to further accelerate the calculations, the number of collision calculations is reduced by properly defining two cut-off cross-sections for the elastic scattering. In the MCC method, the target atom needs to be sampled; however, it is confirmed that initial target atom velocity does not play a significant role in typical electric propulsion plume simulations such that the sampling process is unnecessary. With these implementations, the computational run-time to perform a collision calculation is reduced significantly compared to previous methods, while retaining the accuracy of the high fidelity models. C1 [Araki, Samuel J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Inspace Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Araki, SJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Inspace Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1448-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1786 AR UNSP 170004 DI 10.1063/1.4967668 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG5JS UT WOS:000389513200132 ER PT S AU Burt, JM Josyula, E AF Burt, Jonathan M. Josyula, Eswar BE Ketsdever, A Struchtrup, H TI A Green-Kubo Approach to Reduce Collision Separation Error in the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method SO 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS (RGD 30) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria AB A modification to DSMC collision routines is proposed to eliminate or reduce collision separation error in numerical transport coefficients. This modification follows from earlier DSMC error analysis based on Green-Kubo theory, and is currently limited to the case of a hard sphere monatomic simple gas simulation with approximately isotropic collision separation statistics. Further adjustments to the DSMC collision algorithm are proposed to reduce collision separation error associated with a finite time step interval. It is shown analytically that, for random collision partner selection at the small time step limit with a cell size equal to the mean free path, collision separation error in viscosity is reduced by approximately 37% while thermal conductivity error is completely removed. In a demonstration case involving hypersonic flow over a cylinder, the proposed modification is found to allow for large error reductions in both the total force and heat transfer rate. Although this modification is not intended as a general solution to the problem of DSMC collision separation error, it is hoped that the concept demonstrated here of utilizing Green-Kubo analysis for DSMC error reduction will in the future find more widespread applicability. C1 [Burt, Jonathan M.; Josyula, Eswar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burt, JM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1448-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1786 AR UNSP 090002 DI 10.1063/1.4967608 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG5JS UT WOS:000389513200072 ER PT S AU Liechty, DS Burt, JM AF Liechty, Derek S. Burt, Jonathan M. BE Ketsdever, A Struchtrup, H TI Extension of the Viscous Collision Limiting Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Technique to Multiple Species SO 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS (RGD 30) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria ID CONTINUUM AB There are many flows fields that span a wide range of length scales where regions of both rarefied and continuum flow exist and neither direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) nor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide the appropriate solution everywhere. Recently, a new viscous collision limited (VCL) DSMC technique was proposed to incorporate effects of physical diffusion into collision limiter calculations to make the low Knudsen number regime normally limited to CFD more tractable for an all-particle technique. This original work had been derived for a single-species gas. The current work extends the VCL-DSMC technique to gases with multiple species. Similar derivations were performed to equate numerical and physical transport coefficients. However, a more rigorous treatment of determining the mixture viscosity is applied. In the original work, consideration was given to internal energy non-equilibrium, and this is also extended in the current work to chemical non-equilibrium. C1 [Liechty, Derek S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, MS 408A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Burt, Jonathan M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liechty, DS (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, MS 408A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Derek.S.Liechty@nasa.gov; Jonathan.M.Burt@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1448-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1786 AR UNSP 050008 DI 10.1063/1.4967558 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG5JS UT WOS:000389513200022 ER PT S AU Maldonado, C McHarg, G Asmolova, O Andersen, G Rodrigues, S Ketsdever, A AF Maldonado, C. McHarg, G. Asmolova, O. Andersen, G. Rodrigues, S. Ketsdever, A. BE Ketsdever, A Struchtrup, H TI Material Exposure Effects in a Simulated Low-Earth Orbit Environment SO 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS (RGD 30) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria DE LEO environment; spacecraft/atmosphere interactions ID SPACE-STATION AB Spacecraft operating in low-Earth orbit (LEO) are subjected to a number of hazardous environmental constituents that can lead to decreased system performance and reduced operational lifetimes. Due to their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties, polymers are used extensively in space systems; however they are particularly susceptible to material erosion and degradation as a result of exposure to the LEO environment. The focus of this research is to examine the material erosion and mass loss experienced by the Novastrat 500 polyimide due to exposure in a simulated LEO environment. In addition to the polymer samples, chrome, silver and gold specimens will be examined to measure the oxidation rate and act as a control specimen, respectively. A magnetically filtered atomic oxygen plasma source has previously been developed and characterized for the purpose of simulating the low-Earth orbit environment. The plasma source can be operated at a variety of discharge currents and gas flow rates, of which the plasma parameters downstream of the source are dependent. The characteristics of the generated plasma were examined as a function of these operating parameters to optimize the production of O+ ions with energy relevant to LEO applications, where the ram energy of the ions due to the motion of the satellite relative to the LEO plasma is high (e.g. 7800 m/s, which corresponds to approximately 5 eV of kinetic energy for O+ ions). The plasma downstream of the source consists of streaming ions with energy of approximately 5 eV and an ion species fraction that is approximately 90% O+. C1 [Maldonado, C.; McHarg, G.; Asmolova, O.; Andersen, G.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Rodrigues, S.; Ketsdever, A.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Maldonado, C (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carlos.maldonado.ctr@usafa.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1448-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1786 AR UNSP 100008 DI 10.1063/1.4967619 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG5JS UT WOS:000389513200083 ER PT S AU Martin, R AF Martin, Robert BE Ketsdever, A Struchtrup, H TI Conservative Bin-to-Bin Fractional Collisions SO 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS (RGD 30) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA HO Univ Victoria ID WEIGHTED PARTICLE METHOD; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; NUMBER; PLASMA AB Particle methods such as direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and particle-in-cell (PIC) are commonly used to model rarefied kinetic flows for engineering applications because of their ability to efficiently capture non-equilibrium behavior. The primary drawback to these methods relates to the poor convergence properties due to the stochastic nature of the methods which typically rely heavily on high degrees of non-equilibrium and time averaging to compensate for poor signal to noise ratios. For standard implementations, each computational particle represents many physical particles which further exacerbate statistical noise problems for flow with large species density variation such as encountered in flow expansions and chemical reactions. The stochastic weighted particle method (SWPM) introduced by Rjasanow andWagner overcome this difficulty by allowing the ratio of real to computational particles to vary on a per particle basis throughout the flow. The DSMC procedure must also be slightly modified to properly sample the Boltzmann collision integral accounting for the variable particle weights and to avoid the creation of additional particles with negative weight. In this work, the SWPM with necessary modification to incorporate the variable hard sphere (VHS) collision cross section model commonly used in engineering applications is first incorporated into an existing engineering code, the Thermophysics Universal Research Framework. The results and computational efficiency are compared to a few simple test cases using a standard validated implementation of the DSMC method along with the adapted SWPM/VHS collision using an octree based conservative phase space reconstruction. The SWPM method is then further extended to combine the collision and phase space reconstruction into a single step which avoids the need to create additional computational particles only to destroy them again during the particle merge. This is particularly helpful when oversampling the collision integral when compared to the standard DSMC method. However, it is found that the more frequent phase space reconstructions can cause added numerical thermalization with low particle per cell counts due to the coarseness of the octree used. However, the methods are expected to be of much greater utility in transient expansion flows and chemical reactions in the future. C1 [Martin, Robert] ERC Inc, US Air Force, Res Lab, In Space Prop Branch, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Martin, R (reprint author), ERC Inc, US Air Force, Res Lab, In Space Prop Branch, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM robert.martin.101@us.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1448-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1786 AR UNSP 090003 DI 10.1063/1.4967609 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG5JS UT WOS:000389513200073 ER PT S AU Shields, BL Valencia, VV Thal, AE Wander, JD Miller, ME Parr, JC AF Shields, Bradford L. Valencia, Vhance V. Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Wander, Joseph D. Miller, Michael E. Parr, Jeffrey C. BE Goonetilleke, R Karwowski, W TI User-Centered Design Applied to USAF Civil Engineering Explosive Ordnance Disposal Tools and Jigs SO ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS AND HUMAN FACTORS SE Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors CY JUL 27-31, 2016 CL FL DE User-centered design; Additive manufacturing; 3D printing; Explosive ordnance disposal AB This research employed a user-centered design process to examine the application of additive manufacturing (AM) to fabricate tools and jigs in USAF civil engineering (CE) operations. Within this research, numerous parts were designed and printed for use within CE operations, rapidly evolving the design based upon user feedback. The results of the part testing and the resultant surveys indicate that AM can impact the daily operations of a CE unit, improving operational effectiveness. Further, the research determined that AM has reached a point that the integration of AM into strategically coordinated units, along with proper education and training, can be beneficial for the CE career field. However, this research raises questions regarding the dissemination and rapid adoption of successful designs across DoD operations, without creating burdensome evaluation methods or proliferating an overwhelming number of less than ideal designs. C1 [Shields, Bradford L.; Valencia, Vhance V.; Thal, Alfred E., Jr.; Miller, Michael E.; Parr, Jeffrey C.] US Air Force, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Requirements & Acquisit Div, Panama City, FL USA. RP Parr, JC (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Jeffrey.Parr@AFIT.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2194-5357 BN 978-3-319-41694-6; 978-3-319-41693-9 J9 ADV INTELL SYST PY 2016 VL 489 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-41694-6_86 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BG5PQ UT WOS:000389642400086 ER PT S AU Martin, JA Meola, J AF Martin, Jacob A. Meola, Joseph BE Silny, JF Ientilucci, EJ TI Data processing for a multi-slit LWIR HSI spectrometer SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE's 21st Imaging Spectrometry Conference CY AUG 29-30, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Preliminary testing of a three-slit prism-based spectrometer is presented to test means of exploiting data from a multi-slit spectrometer as well as some potential ways of dealing with complications that arise when using multiple slits. When using a multiple slit spectrometer to boost SNR there are two primary concerns: first, the spectral axis of each slit must be nearly identical to effective average and second, the image from each slit must be well-registered. Based on some of these complications it seems, given the current technology, the best operational mode is to use the sensor to increase area coverge. C1 [Martin, Jacob A.; Meola, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, RYMT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, RYMT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0343-1; 978-1-5106-0344-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9976 AR UNSP 997607 DI 10.1117/12.2239123 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BG5QQ UT WOS:000389680900005 ER PT S AU Truslow, E Manolakis, D Cooley, T Meola, J AF Truslow, Eric Manolakis, Dimitris Cooley, Thomas Meola, Joseph BE Silny, JF Ientilucci, EJ TI StatisticalModeling of Natural Backgrounds in Hyperspectral LWIR Data SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE's 21st Imaging Spectrometry Conference CY AUG 29-30, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Hyperspectral sensors operating in the long wave infrared (LWIR) have a wealth of applications including remote material identification and rare target detection. While statistical models for modeling surface reflectance in visible and near-infrared regimes have been well studied, models for the temperature and emissivity in the LWIR have not been rigorously investigated. In this paper, we investigate modeling hyperspectral LWIR data using a statisticalmixture model for the emissivity and surface temperature. Statistical models for the surface parameters can be used to simulate surface radiances and at-sensor radiance which drives the variability of measured radiance and ultimately the performance of signal processing algorithms. Thus, having models that adequately capture data variation is extremely important for studying performance trades. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we study the validity of this model using real hyperspectral data, and compare the relative variability of hyperspectral data in the LWIR and visible and near-infrared (VNIR) regimes. Second, we illustrate how materials that are easily distinguished in the VNIR, may be difficult to separate when imaged in the LWIR. C1 [Truslow, Eric; Manolakis, Dimitris] MIT Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Cooley, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 2251 Maxwell Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Meola, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Truslow, E (reprint author), MIT Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0343-1; 978-1-5106-0344-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9976 AR UNSP 99760H DI 10.1117/12.2239432 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BG5QQ UT WOS:000389680900013 ER PT S AU Reshetnyak, VY Bunning, TJ Evans, DR AF Reshetnyak, Victor Yu. Bunning, Timothy J. Evans, Dean R. BE Khoo, IC TI Tuning surface plasmons in graphene ribbons with liquid crystal layer SO LIQUID CRYSTALS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XX CY AUG 28-30, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface plasmons; graphene ribbons; liquid crystal ID EXCITATION; TRANSITION; WAVES AB Surface plasmons in graphene possess stronger mode confinement and lower propagation loss. One way to excite the surface plasmons is placing a periodic array of graphene nano-ribbons on top of a dielectric substrate. However once the system is fabricated it is not possible to change its optical properties. Liquid crystals (LC) are a uniaxial medium with an optical axis easily controlled by external stimuli. We suggest tuning the surface plasmons in an array of graphene ribbons by placing a LC slab on top of the ribbons. A voltage applied to the LC layer shifts the graphene ribbons plasmonic notch and changes its depth. C1 [Reshetnyak, Victor Yu.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Bunning, Timothy J.; Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Reshetnyak, VY (reprint author), Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. EM vreshetnyak@univ.kiev.ua RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0271-7; 978-1-5106-0272-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9940 AR UNSP 994019 DI 10.1117/12.2237264 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BG5QS UT WOS:000389681100037 ER PT S AU Tabiryan, NV Hwang, J Steeves, DM Kimball, BR Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Tabiryan, Nelson V. Hwang, Jeoungyeon Steeves, Diane M. Kimball, Brian R. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. BE Khoo, IC TI Integrating 4G Optics SO LIQUID CRYSTALS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XX CY AUG 28-30, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Tabiryan, Nelson V.; Hwang, Jeoungyeon] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Orlando, FL 32810 USA. [Steeves, Diane M.; Kimball, Brian R.] US Army Natick Soldier Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tabiryan, NV (reprint author), BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Orlando, FL 32810 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0271-7; 978-1-5106-0272-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9940 AR UNSP 994018 DI 10.1117/12.2238955 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BG5QS UT WOS:000389681100036 ER PT S AU Tondiglia, VP Lee, KM White, TJ AF Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy J. BE Khoo, IC TI Bandgap tuning induced by polymer deformation in PSCLCs with positive dielectric anisotropies SO LIQUID CRYSTALS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XX CY AUG 28-30, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tondiglia, VP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0271-7; 978-1-5106-0272-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9940 AR UNSP 99400P DI 10.1117/12.2237744 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BG5QS UT WOS:000389681100020 ER PT B AU Miller, JJ Shafer, DS Papelis, C Refosco, CA Krzyaniak, NA AF Miller, Julianne J. Shafer, David S. Papelis, Charalambos Refosco, Craig A. Krzyaniak, Nathan A. BE McDonald, EV Bullard, T TI High Density Metal Contaminant Transport in Arid Region Ephemeral Channels SO MILITARY GEOSCIENCES AND DESERT WARFARE: PAST LESSONS AND MODERN CHALLENGES SE Advances in Military Geosciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Military Geosciences (ICMG) CY JUN 20-24, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Depleted uranium; Contaminant transport; Hydraulic modeling; Sediment transport; FLO-2D; Arid environment; Alluvial fan; Radiological risk; Flooding; Fluvial transport AB Depleted uranium (DU) particles and DU oxides are present at military test and training ranges in the southwestern United States (U.S.) because of its use in military munitions and for armored shielding. Also, since approximately 1990, DU particles and DU oxides also occur in similar arid region military theatres throughout the world. At a study area in the northern Mojave Desert in the U.S., soil sampling and ground and aerial gamma-ray screening had suggested that DU particles and DU oxides had not migrated by surface water transport significant distances from their original location near a target area. However, no predictive models had been developed to forecast how far the particles would move with time. A flow and transport model was developed using the FLO-2D model to study the unconfined flow conditions over the complex alluvial fan topography in the study area watershed. The Zeller-Fullerton sediment transport equation was selected because of its ability to model sediment transport when a substantial portion is expected to be by bedload, an assumption warranted because of the density of DU and DU oxides (19.20 and 4.80 g/cm(3), respectively). Modeling results indicate that a local 100-year storm could cause transport of both DU particles and DU oxides, primarily along well-defined channels, although transport could occur across alluvial surfaces as well. However, the transport distance of DU particles and DU oxides was limited to approximately 120 and 150 m, respectively. The modeling approach used in this study could be used as a predictive tool for transport on military testing ranges to address environmental compliance issues and protect military personnel during training exercises from potential unnecessary exposure by better delineating the eventual area where DU particles and DU oxides may occur. The predictive modeling also could be applied in military theatres where DU munitions were used to better understand the dispersal of DU particles and DU oxides over time by fluvial transport to help protect military and civilian populations from coming in contact with the high density metals. C1 [Miller, Julianne J.] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 755 East Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Shafer, David S.] US DOE, Off Legacy Management, Westminster, CO 80221 USA. [Papelis, Charalambos] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Refosco, Craig A.] Air Force Med Support Agcy AFMSA SG3PB, Radiat Protect Div, 7700 Arlington Blvd,Suite 5158, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Krzyaniak, Nathan A.] US Air Force, 2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, JJ (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 755 East Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM julie.miller@dri.edu; david.shafer@lm.doe.gov; lpapelis@nmsu.edu; craig.a.refosco.ctr@mail.mil; nathan.krzyaniak.1@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4939-3429-4; 978-1-4939-3427-0 J9 ADV MIL GEOSCI PY 2016 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3429-4_10 PG 13 WC Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History SC Geography; Geology; History GA BG5YC UT WOS:000389807200010 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Heckman, E Dalton, L Kajzar, F Rau, I Grote, J AF Ouchen, Fahima Heckman, Emily Dalton, Larry Kajzar, Francois Rau, Ileana Grote, James BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Effect of charge carrier blocking layers on poling nonlinear optic polymers SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications IX CY AUG 28-31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optic polymer; opto-electronic; electro-optic modulator; electro-optic coefficient; guanine; nucleobase; bathocuproine; interfacial; buffer; surface resistance AB In our previous work we demonstrated a 3X increase in the nonlinearity, or electro-optic (EO) coefficient of the nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer disperse red 1: Polymethylmethacrylate (DR1: PMMA) by introducing a thin guanine nucleobase interfacial buffer layer, deposited between the NLO polymer and the cathode and a thin bathocuproine (BCP) interfacial buffer layer, deposited between the NLO polymer and the anode, being poled at 100 V/mu m. In addition, we observed a 40% increase in EO coefficient by depositing either a thin sol-gel derived titanium dioxide layer or a thin guanine layer on either the anode or cathode side of the structure, poling at 100 V/mu m. This paper addresses our analysis of these differences and is based on surface resistance. C1 [Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Heckman, Emily] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dalton, Larry] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kajzar, Francois; Rau, Ileana] Univ Politehn Din Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Ouchen, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0247-2; 978-1-5106-0248-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9928 AR 992802 DI 10.1117/12.2238813 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BG6DF UT WOS:000390026900001 ER PT S AU Yaney, PP Grote, JG Ouchen, F AF Yaney, Perry P. Grote, James. G. Ouchen, Fahima BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Analysis and optimization of the two-channel SPR interferometer sensor design SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications IX CY AUG 28-31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE modeling; MATLAB; SPR; sensor; surface-plasmon; polariton; resonance; interferometry; Mach-Zehnder AB Modeling calculations were carried out on the surface plasmon resonance interferometry (SPRI) technique the experimental studies of which were previously described. This effort was carried out with the goal to clarify the dependencies of the sensing function on the many parameters and variables that impact the performance of this technique. In particular, the calculations focused on the comparison of the sensing function between SPR with interferometry and SPR-only at fixed angles. MATLAB was used in these calculations because it provided detailed control of the modeling efforts. C1 [Yaney, Perry P.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James. G.; Ouchen, Fahima] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yaney, PP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0247-2; 978-1-5106-0248-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9928 AR 99280C DI 10.1117/12.2238818 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BG6DF UT WOS:000390026900006 ER PT S AU Hubbs, JE AF Hubbs, John E. BE Razeghi, M Temple, DS Brown, GJ TI Proton Radiation Experimental Results on an III-V nBn Mid-Wavelength Infrared Focal Plane Array SO OPTICAL SENSING, IMAGING, AND PHOTON COUNTING: NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting - Nanostructured Devices and Applications CY AUG 31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB This paper will report on the proton, and total ionizing dose characterizations of an MWIR nBn detector array. The FPA was fabricated using MWIR nBn infrared detectors, which have a cutoff wavelength of approximately 5.0 mu m at 120 K. Full radiometric characterizations were performed at multiple total ionizing dose levels to determine the impact of the radiation on the FPA noise, responsivity, NEI, and dynamic range. Displacement damage effects on the MWIR nBn detectors was evaluated at a proton energy of 63 MeV. These displacement damage effects primarily degrade the performance of the detector array through increased dark current, generation of "hot pixels" due to elevated dark current that form a tail to the dark current distribution, reduction in responsivity, and degraded uniformity. The majority of the performance degradation of the MWIR nBn detectors due to proton interactions can be attributed to a reduction in the minority carrier lifetime in the absorber region of the nBn detector. C1 [Hubbs, John E.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Ball Aerosp, POB 5209, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hubbs, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Ball Aerosp, POB 5209, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0257-1; 978-1-5106-0258-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9933 AR 993307 DI 10.1117/12.2240199 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BG6CZ UT WOS:000390019700005 ER PT S AU Haring, KS Silvera-Tawil, D Watanabe, K Velonaki, M AF Haring, Kerstin Sophie Silvera-Tawil, David Watanabe, Katsumi Velonaki, Mari BE Agah, A Cabibihan, JJ Howard, AM Salichs, MA He, H TI The Influence of Robot Appearance and Interactive Ability in HRI: A Cross-Cultural Study SO SOCIAL ROBOTICS, (ICSR 2016) SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Kansas City, MO SP SoftBank Robot, Univ Kansas, Sch Engn, Springer DE Culture; Human-robot interaction; Robot perception ID ANIMACY; MODEL AB It has been shown that human perception of robots changes after the first interaction. It is not clear, however, to which extent the robot's appearance and interactive abilities influences such changes in perception. In this paper, participants' perception of two robots with different appearance and interactive modalities are compared before and after a short interaction with the robots. Data from Japanese and Australian participants is evaluated and compared. Experimental results show significant differences in perception depending on the robot type and the time of interaction. As a result of cultural background, perception changes were observed only for Japanese participants on isolated key concepts. C1 [Haring, Kerstin Sophie] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Silvera-Tawil, David; Velonaki, Mari] Univ New South Wales, Creat Robot Lab, Paddington, NSW, Australia. [Watanabe, Katsumi] Waseda Univ, Dept Intermedia Art & Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Haring, KS (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kerstin.haring.ctr@usafa.edu; d.silverat@unsw.edu.au; katz@waseda.jp; mari.velonaki@unsw.edu.au NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-47437-3; 978-3-319-47436-6 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9979 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-47437-3_38 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BG5ZH UT WOS:000389816500038 ER PT S AU Lin, CL Shen, WW Drager, S AF Lin, Chung-Ling Shen, Wuwei Drager, Steven BE Lee, R TI Justifying the Transition from Trustworthiness to Resiliency via Generation of Safety Cases SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2016 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Int Assoc Comp & Informat Sci, SSCTL, IEEE Comp Soc, Cent Michigan Univ, Software Engn & Informat Technol Inst, Shanghai Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Comp Software Testing & Evaluating DE Cyber-physical system; Trustworthiness; Resiliency; Model transformation; Safety-critical systems; Simulink ID TOOL AB Safety analysis plays an important role for developing cyber-physical systems since many of them are also safety critical systems. The failure of cyber-physical systems can have some serious consequences. With the latest development in formal methods, many systems have been converted to a formal model to ensure that all safety requirements have been met. In this case, the systems are called trusted. However, many failures are caused by the missing identification of some properties during the early phase of software development. Thus, a safety case has been widely used as an argument structure to represent how a system has been developed to satisfy safety requirements, and is an important means of communication between various stakeholders in a system. In this paper, we present a novel approach to show how an argument structure can be automatically built via safety case patterns and metamodels underlying a development process. We notice that a transition from trustworthiness to resiliency for many cyber-physical systems is made by separating a fault model from a nominal (non-failure) model in Simulink due to some design considerations such as reduction of a test case generation and the complexity of code. Thus, we take the translation of a nominal model into a fault model into account and employ the model-driven architecture and safety case pattern together to illustrate how a safety case is generated for an argument of the correct transition of a cyber-physical system in Simulink. Last, we discuss how an argument structure of a safety case can be affected by system evolution. C1 [Lin, Chung-Ling; Shen, Wuwei] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Drager, Steven] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Lin, CL (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM chung-ling.lin@wmich.edu; wuwei.shen@wmich.edu; steven.drager@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-319-33810-1; 978-3-319-33809-5 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2016 VL 653 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-33810-1_5 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5RW UT WOS:000389715100005 ER PT S AU Liu, CC Yang, Q Yan, BN Du, XC Li, H Yang, JL Zhu, WJ Jiang, H Wu, Q Barnell, M AF Liu, Chenchen Yang, Qing Yan, Bonan Du, Xiaocong Li, Hai (Helen) Yang, Jianlei Zhu, Weijie Jiang, Hao Wu, Qing Barnell, Mark GP IEEE TI A Memristor Crossbar Based Computing Engine Optimized for High Speed and Accuracy SO 2016 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI (ISVLSI) SE IEEE Computer Society Annual on VLSI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Computer-Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI) CY JUL 11-13, 2016 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm VLSI, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, IEEE CAS DE memristor crossbar; current sensing; matrix-vector computation ID SYSTEM AB Matrix-vector multiplication, as a key computing operation, has been largely adopted in applications and hence greatly affects the execution efficiency. A common technique to enhance the performance of matrix-vector multiplication is increasing execution parallelism, which results in higher design cost. In recent years, new devices and structures have been widely investigated as alternative solutions. Among them, memristor crossbar demonstrates a great potential for its intrinsic support of matrix-vector multiplication, high integration density, and built-in parallel execution. However, the computation accuracy and speed of such designs are limited and constrained by the features of crossbar array and peripheral circuitry. In this work, we propose a new memristor crossbar based computing engine design by leveraging a current sensing scheme. High operation parallelism and therefore fast computation can be achieved by simultaneously supplying analog voltages into a memristor crossbar and directly detecting weighted currents through current amplifiers. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed design were examined through the implementation of a neural network for pattern recognition based on MNIST database. Compared to a prior reported design, ours increases the recognition accuracy 8.1% ( to 94.6%). C1 [Liu, Chenchen; Yang, Qing; Yan, Bonan; Du, Xiaocong; Li, Hai (Helen)] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yang, Jianlei] Beihang Univ, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Weijie; Jiang, Hao] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA USA. [Wu, Qing; Barnell, Mark] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Liu, CC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM chl192@pitt.edu; qiy21@pitt.edu; boy21@pitt.edu; xid22@pitt.edu; hal66@pitt.edu; jerryyang@gmail.com; wzhu@mail.sfsu.edu; jianghao@sfsu.edu; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; mark.barnell.1@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-3477 BN 978-1-4673-9039-2 J9 IEEE COMP SOC ANN PY 2016 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1109/ISVLSI.2016.46 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5IZ UT WOS:000389508400020 ER PT J AU Parsons, TA Pullen, BA AF Parsons, T. A. Pullen, B. A. BE Wang, KCP TI Relationship between Climate Type and Observed Pavement Distresses SO International Conference on Transportation and Development 2016: Projects and Practices for Prosperity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Transportation and Development CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Transportat & Dev Inst AB Climate is assumed by pavement engineers to have an effect on pavement performance. The United States Air Force (USAF) has measured the pavement condition of their airfield pavements using Pavement Condition Index for over 20 years, resulting in a good record of pavement performance for various pavements world-wide. Most pavement sections have been inspected multiple times, resulting in over 17,000 data points. This research used these data to determine if a statistically significant relationship existed between the distresses observed on a pavement and the climate region in which the pavement was located. The specific climate factors examined were moisture (wet, dry) and temperature (freeze, no freeze). Two-factor testing was performed using the data to determine the main effects and the interaction effect of the factors on the types and quantities of distresses exhibited by pavement. Results of the analysis indicated that there was a relationship between climate type and certain distresses, while other distresses were unaffected by climate type. C1 [Parsons, T. A.] Appl Res Associates, 2628 Fire Rd,Suite 300, Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 USA. [Pullen, B. A.] Appl Res Associates, 104 Res Rd, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Parsons, TA (reprint author), Appl Res Associates, 2628 Fire Rd,Suite 300, Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 USA. EM tparsons@ara.com; aaron.pullen@ara.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7992-6 PY 2016 BP 88 EP 102 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BG5EE UT WOS:000389437400009 ER PT S AU Spencer, MF Atencio, IJ McCullough, JA Hwang, ES AF Spencer, Mark F. Atencio, Imelda J. McCullough, Julie A. Hwang, Eunsook S. BE Gregory, GG TI The AFRL Scholars Program: a STEM-based summer internship initiative SO Optics Education and Outreach IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Optics Education and Outreach CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE STEM; AFRL Scholars Program; summer internships; optics and photonics; outreach AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Scholars Program offers stipend-paid summer internship opportunities to undergraduate-and graduate-level university students as well as upper-level high school students who are pursuing or plan to pursue degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Internships through the AFRL Scholars Program are currently offered through the Directed Energy, Space Vehicles, and Munitions Directorates of AFRL with locations at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, and Maui, Hawaii. Throughout their internships, AFRL Scholars gain valuable hands-on experience working with full-time AFRL scientists and engineers on cutting-edge research and technology. Overall, the selected interns are able to contribute to unique, research-based projects which often contain a strong emphasis in optics and photonics. This paper celebrates the continued success of the AFRL Scholars Program and shares a statistical overview of its growth over the past few years. In particular, the analysis focuses on how these STEM-related internships will hopefully meet the needs of an aging AFRL workforce in the years to come. This paper also provides an overview of two optics and photonics related internships at the undergraduate and graduate levels, respectively. Both interns received the Outstanding AFRL Scholar Award in their respective categories and are currently pursuing careers in optics and photonics based on their experiences as AFRL Scholars. C1 [Spencer, Mark F.; Atencio, Imelda J.; Hwang, Eunsook S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. [Spencer, Mark F.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCullough, Julie A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, AFRL Scholars Program, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. RP Spencer, MF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA.; Spencer, MF (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.spencer.6@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0283-0; 978-1-5106-0284-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9946 AR UNSP 99460E DI 10.1117/12.2235827 PG 13 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Optics SC Education & Educational Research; Optics GA BG5CX UT WOS:000389372100014 ER PT S AU Bintz, JR Mendenhall, MJ Marciniak, MA Butler, SD Lloy, J AF Bintz, Jeffrey R. Mendenhall, Michael J. Marciniak, Michael A. Butler, Samuel D. Lloy, James Tommy BE Hanssen, LM TI A Novel Image-Based BRDF Measurement System and its Application to Human Skin SO Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE bidirectional reflectance distribution function; image-based BRDF; surface normal extraction; skin detection ID REFLECTANCE MODEL; SURFACES; ROUGH AB Human skin detection is an important first step in search and rescue (SAR) scenarios. Previous research performed human skin detection through an application specific camera system that exploits the spectral properties of human skin at two visible and two near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The current theory assumes human skin is diffuse; however, it is observed that human skin exhibits specular and diffuse reflectance properties. This paper presents a novel image-based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurement system, and applies it to the collection of human skin BRDF. The system uses a grid projecting laser and a novel signal processing chain to extract the surface normal from each grid location. Human skin BRDF measurements are shown for a variety of melanin content and hair coverage at the four spectral channels needed for human skin detection. The NIR results represent a novel contribution to the existing body of human skin BRDF measurements.e C1 [Bintz, Jeffrey R.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mendenhall, Michael J.] 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marciniak, Michael A.; Butler, Samuel D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lloy, James Tommy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mendenhall, MJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Mendenhall, MJ (reprint author), 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.mendenhall.1@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0313-4; 978-1-5106-0314-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9961 AR UNSP 996108 DI 10.1117/12.2239119 PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5CZ UT WOS:000389379000006 ER PT S AU Burgi, KW Marciniak, MA Nauyoks, SE Oxley, ME AF Burgi, Kenneth W. Marciniak, Michael A. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Oxley, Mark E. BE Hanssen, LM TI Matrix Methods for Reflective Inverse Diffusion SO Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Phase modulation; inverse diffusion; scattering; spatial light modulator; speckle; enhancement ID FOCUSING LIGHT; SCATTERING MEDIA; TURBID MEDIA AB Reflective inverse diffusion is a method of refocusing light scattered by a rough surface. An SLM is used to shape the wavefront of a HeNe laser at 632.8-nm wavelength to produce a converging phase front after reflection. Iterative methods previously demonstrated intensity enhancements of the focused spot over 100 times greater than the surrounding background speckle. This proof-of-concept method was very time consuming and the algorithm started over each time the desired location of the focus spot in the observation plane was moved. Transmission matrices have been developed to control light scattered by transmission through a turbid media. Time varying phase maps are applied to an SLM and used to interrogate the phase scattering properties of the material. For each phase map, the resultant speckle intensity pattern is recorded less than 1 mm from the material surface and represents an observation plane of less than 0.02 mm(2). Fourier transforms are used to extract the phase scattering properties of the material from the intensity measurements. We investigate the effectiveness this method for constructing the reflection matrix (RM) of a diffuse reflecting medium where the propagation distances and observation plane are almost 1,000 times greater than the previous work based on transmissive scatter. The RM performance is based on its ability to refocus reflectively scattered light to a single focused spot or multiple foci in the observation plane. Diffraction-based simulations are used to corroborate experimental results. C1 [Burgi, Kenneth W.; Marciniak, Michael A.; Nauyoks, Stephen E.] US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oxley, Mark E.] US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marciniak, MA (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kenneth.Burgi@afit.edu; Michael.Marciniak@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0313-4; 978-1-5106-0314-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9961 AR UNSP 99610O DI 10.1117/12.2238272 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5CZ UT WOS:000389379000018 ER PT S AU Freda, SE Butler, SD Nauyoks, SE Marciniak, MA AF Freda, Samuel E. Butler, Samuel D. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Marciniak, Michael A. BE Hanssen, LM TI Analysis of wave optics BRDF model elements for a moderately rough surface SO Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE BRDF; bidirectional reflectance distribution function; micro-facet; wave optics; Beckmann-Kirchoff; wavelength AB The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) describes realistic scattering of light off materials. Micro-facet BRDF's often only describe one type of material and neglect wavelength effects. Wave-optics BRDF expressions, however, can describe wavelength effects at the expense of being more computationally cumbersome. Previous work relating wave-optics BRDF coordinates to micro-facet coordinates led to a complicated, but versatile, BRDF. In this work, the infinite summation found in the previous derivation is investigated, leading toward a closed-form BRDF model that describes wavelength-dependent effects for materials with various surface parameters, and which will be usable in remote sensing applications. C1 [Freda, Samuel E.; Butler, Samuel D.; Nauyoks, Stephen E.; Marciniak, Michael A.] US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Freda, Samuel E.] Riverside Res, 2640 Hibiscus Way, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Butler, SD (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM s.butler@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0313-4; 978-1-5106-0314-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9961 AR UNSP 99610G DI 10.1117/12.2238118 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5CZ UT WOS:000389379000013 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Roslyak, O Gumbs, G Pan, W Maradudin, AA AF Huang, D. H. Roslyak, O. Gumbs, G. Pan, W. Maradudin, A. A. BE Hanssen, LM TI Nonlocal Scattering Tensor due to Electromagnetic Coupling of Surface Plasmons to Dirac Plasmons in Graphene SO Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scattering tensor; electromagnetic coupling; surface plasmon; graphene sheet; hybrid quantum-plasmon modes ID QUANTUM-WELLS; ABSORPTION; FIELD AB The electromagnetic coupling of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes, which are localized around the surface of a conductive substrate, to quantum plasmons in a graphene sheet above the surface is investigated and their hybrid quantum-plasmon modes are analyzed. For a double-layer graphene structure, on the other hand, the interplay between the electromagnetic couplings of SPPs to each graphene sheet is explored. An effective-polarizability tensor for a combined system, including coupled double-layer graphene and conductive substrate, has been derived, which consists of the retarded nonlocal Coulomb interactions between electrons in different graphene sheets and the conductive substrate. Additionally, this calculated effective-scattering tensor can be used for constructing an effective-medium theory to study optical properties of inserted nanorods between the graphene sheets and metallic surface. C1 [Huang, D. H.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Roslyak, O.] Fordham Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, 441 East Fordham Rd, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Gumbs, G.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Pan, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0313-4; 978-1-5106-0314-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9961 AR UNSP 996104 DI 10.1117/12.2235226 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5CZ UT WOS:000389379000003 ER PT J AU Khattab, TA Tiu, BDB Adas, S Bunge, SD Advincula, RC AF Khattab, Tawfik A. Tiu, Brylee David B. Adas, Sonya Bunge, Scott D. Advincula, Rigoberto C. TI Solvatochromic, thermochromic and pH-sensory DCDHF-hydrazone molecular switch: response to alkaline analytes SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA SENSOR; DUAL EMISSION; AMINES; NANOFIBERS; FLUOROPHORES; RECOGNITION; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEX; PROTEIN; VAPORS AB Multi-stimuli responsive DCDHF-hydrazone molecular switch containing a hydrazone recognition moiety is developed for the naked-eye detection of alkaline analytes in both vapour and aqueous media. Mechanisms accounting for the thermochromism, pH-sensitivity and solvatochromism are proposed. DCDHF-hydrazone chromophores of different substituents introduced nanostructures with different morphologies via a re-precipitation technique. The films formulated from these nanostructures function as solid-state vapochromic sensors for probing alkaline vapours such as amines and ammonia. The sensing performance is reversible and has differential sensitivity towards a variety of amines at comparable concentrations. The structure of the hydrazone molecular switch was established spectroscopically and by single crystal X-ray crystallography. C1 [Khattab, Tawfik A.; Adas, Sonya; Bunge, Scott D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Tiu, Brylee David B.; Advincula, Rigoberto C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Khattab, Tawfik A.] Natl Res Ctr, Text Res Div, Dyeing Printing & Auxiliaries Dept, Cairo 12622, Egypt. [Adas, Sonya] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem & Chem, Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Khattab, TA (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA.; Khattab, TA (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr, Text Res Div, Dyeing Printing & Auxiliaries Dept, Cairo 12622, Egypt. EM tkhattab@kent.edu OI Khattab, Tawfik/0000-0001-7834-4952; Tiu, Brylee David/0000-0001-5134-0783 FU National Science Foundation through the Center for Layered Polymer Systems (CLiPS) [0423914]; USDA [58-3148-2-113] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Center for Layered Polymer Systems (CLiPS) under Grant No. 0423914. This material was also supported by the USDA grant # 58-3148-2-113. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 104 BP 102296 EP 102305 DI 10.1039/c6ra24113a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB8DR UT WOS:000387621700067 ER PT S AU Zhou, JF Bhattarai, K Silva, S Jeon, J Kim, J Lee, SJ Ku, Z AF Zhou, Jiangfeng Bhattarai, Khagendra Silva, Sinhara Jeon, Jiyeon Kim, Junoh Lee, Sang Jun Ku, Zahyun BE Liu, Z Khoo, IC Psaltis, D Shi, K TI A THz plasmonics perfect absorber and Fabry- Perot cavity mechanism (Conference Presentation) SO Ultrafast Nonlinear Imaging and Spectroscopy IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Nonlinear Imaging and Spectroscopy IV CY AUG 28-30, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; METAMATERIAL ABSORBER AB The plasmonic metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is a recently developed branch of metamaterial which exhibits nearly unity absorption within certain frequency range.[1-6] The optically thin MPA possesses characteristic features of angular-independence, high Q-factor and strong field localization that have inspired a wide range of applications including electromagnetic wave absorption,[3, 7, 8] spatial[6] and spectral[5] modulation of light,[9] selective thermal emission,[9] thermal detecting[10] and refractive index sensing for gas[11] and liquid[12, 13] targets. In this work, we demonstrate a MPA working at terahertz (THz) regime and characterize it using an ultrafast THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Our study reveal an ultra-thin Fabry-Perot cavity mechanism compared to the impedance matching mechanism widely adopted in previous study [1-6]. Our results also shows higher-order resonances when the cavities length increases. These higher-order modes exhibits much larger Q-factor that can benefit potential sensing and imaging applications. C1 [Zhou, Jiangfeng; Bhattarai, Khagendra; Silva, Sinhara] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Jeon, Jiyeon; Kim, Junoh; Lee, Sang Jun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon, South Korea. [Ku, Zahyun] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhou, JF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0303-5; 978-1-5106-0304-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9956 AR UNSP 99560H DI 10.1117/12.2238834 PG 2 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BG5DA UT WOS:000389379200004 ER PT S AU Aditya, R Balas, MJ Doman, DB AF Aditya, Ron Balas, Mark J. Doman, David B. GP IEEE TI Direct Adaptive Stability & Command Augmentation of an Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicle SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In this paper we explore a Direct Adaptive Control scheme for stabilizing a non-linear, physics based model of the longitudinal dynamics for an air breathing hypersonic vehicle. The model derived from first principles, captures the complex interactions between the propulsion system, aerodynamics, and structural dynamics. The linearized aircraft dynamics show both unstable and non-minimum phase characteristics. It also shows a strong short-period coupling with the fuselage bending mode. The value added by direct adaptive control scheme and the theoretical requirements for stable convergent operation is displayed. One of the main benefits of this control scheme is that it can be implemented knowing very little detail about the plant. The implementation uses only measured output feedback to accomplish the adaptation. A stability analysis is done on the linearized plant to understand the interaction of the adaptive controller with the propulsion system, aerodynamic and structural dynamics. C1 [Aditya, Ron; Balas, Mark J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd 4138, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Doman, David B.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Anal & Design Branch, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aditya, R (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd 4138, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM adityar@my.erau.edu; balasm@erau.edu; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900036 ER PT S AU Alena, R Collier, P Ahkter, M Wood, B Sinharoy, S Shankar, D AF Alena, Richard Collier, Patrick Ahkter, Mohammad Wood, Barry Sinharoy, Soumik Shankar, Deepak GP IEEE TI High Performance Space VPX Payload Computing Architecture Study SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes a functional reference design for a high-performance payload processor that captures images and spectra from multiple high-resolution instruments, processes and integrates multiple real-time data streams to perform feature recognition and spatial transformations providing autonomous navigation and rendezvous capability for future spacecraft and is equally applicable to Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). The proposed design uses two new standards: VITA 78 (SpaceVPX) for multi-processor architecture, and RapidIO (RIO) as the interconnect fabric. The SpaceVPX standard specifies physical form factor, logical, and physical interconnect technologies and architectures that can lead to high-performance fault tolerant computing for high-performance payloads. An overview of SpaceVPX and its relationship to OpenVPX is provided as a guide to practical implementations. The proposed design features a general-purpose host processor with GPU and FPGA-based image processing hardware. RIO is used for the instrument and processor interconnects, providing multiple gigabits per second of data communication capability. An overview of RIO features and operation is presented to complement the SpaceVPX architecture. A notional Reference Architecture is proposed for analysis using multiple methods for estimating avionics performance. The study objectives are to characterize throughput, latency and sub-system utilization using conventional system analysis, hardware prototype measurements and modeling and simulation software. We conducted first-order performance studies to identify bottlenecks in memory speed, I/O capacity and processing power. Initial performance analysis was performed on memory throughput rates, producing first-order values used as a performance baseline. A model of the Reference Architecture using VisualSim Architect was created and simulations run, producing insight into the complex interactions occurring between subsystems. Furthermore, the results of a prototype hardware implementation focusing on RIO throughput are presented as additional metrics. The study predicts RIO throughput between key elements of the Reference Architecture and identify major bottlenecks, and improvements needed for meeting mission requirements. The objective of this paper is to provide guidance to avionics designers regarding the adoption of SpaceVPX today and its anticipated evolution in the next few years. C1 [Alena, Richard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS269-4,Rm 195, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Collier, Patrick] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Ahkter, Mohammad] Integrated Device Technol Corp, Interface & Connect Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Wood, Barry] Integrated Device Technol Corp, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sinharoy, Soumik] Orange Silicon Valley, San Francisco, CA USA. [Shankar, Deepak] Mirabilis Design, Sunnyvale, CA USA. RP Alena, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS269-4,Rm 195, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM richard.l.alena@nasa.gov; Charles.collier10@us.af.mil; mohammad.akhter@idt.com; soumik.sinharoy@orange.com; Deepak.shankar@mirabilisdesign.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374901058 ER PT S AU Cabrera, JBD Haney, P Carney, P Lera, P Moss, C Metzler, J AF Cabrera, Joao B. D. Haney, Philip Carney, Patrick Lera, Piro Moss, Christopher Metzler, James GP IEEE TI Sensor Management in Real Time and a Camera Control Application for Air Vehicles SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ALGORITHMS AB Camera systems are increasingly utilized in Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions on manned and unmanned aircraft. For manned missions, the automatic control of the camera field of view and orientation through pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) commands frees the pilot to perform higher cognitive functions. For unmanned missions, automatic PTZ commands enable higher degrees of autonomy. This paper addresses the problem of controlling the field of view and orientation of cameras mounted on air vehicles so that the resulting images of commanded areas of interest (AOIs) have specified ground sampling distances (GSDs). The problem is complicated by several factors: First, while the instantaneous positions of the vehicles are assumed to be known, their routes, including their altitude profiles, are not known in advance, which precludes preplanning. Second, the sizes of the AOIs are arbitrary, implying that a single look of the camera may not be sufficient to cover them. Third, the slew times of the cameras may be too slow, and the cameras may not operate while PTZ parameters are changing. Finally, given an AOI, the time intervals when the desired GSDs are achievable varies for different cameras. In the paper, we first show that successful collection of an AOI image (i.e. collection with a prescribed GSD) is only possible if the aircraft lies inside a spherical cap depending on the position of the AOI, and the desired GSD. Given a stream of requested AOIs, with corresponding GSDs and values characterizing their importance to a user, we then develop algorithms to service the most valuable ensemble of requests, while satisfying the requested GSDs. Three algorithms are developed: (1) a scheduling algorithm, for deciding which request to service at a given instant of time, (2) an admission control algorithm, enabling a graceful degradation in case of system overload (more requests than available timeline) and (3) an algorithm for deciding which of the platforms (air vehicle and camera) services a given request. We examine each of the three algorithms in turn. The scheduling algorithm is centered on the earliest deadline first (EDF) scheme from the real-time systems literature. Deadlines for servicing AOI requests are determined by computing the intersection between the extrapolated aircraft trajectory and the spherical caps defined earlier. The admission control algorithm is developed based on schedulability tests for EDF. Finally, the algorithm for routing the requests among platforms are based on machine shop scheduling problems, which essentially promote load balancing among the platforms. We introduce a heuristic called min-max utilization, inspired on the makespan minimization procedures developed for machine shop scheduling problems. Extensive simulation results are presented, illustrating the superior performance of the algorithms in contrast to other alternatives. C1 [Cabrera, Joao B. D.; Haney, Philip; Carney, Patrick; Lera, Piro; Moss, Christopher] BAE Syst, 6 New England Execut Pk, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Metzler, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Cabrera, JBD (reprint author), BAE Syst, 6 New England Execut Pk, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM joao.cabrera@baesystems.com; james.metzler@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374904016 ER PT S AU Doty, K Roy, S Pham, KD AF Doty, Kyle Roy, Sandip Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Resource Allocation for Military Communications Satellites with Cognitive Users SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper presents a Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) algorithm for military satellite communication networks based upon a PI controller. The DRA is designed in such a way as to allow cognitive users to proactively fill unused resources or bandwidth without a large negative impact on the primary users. Simulations were conducted to find the good choices for PI gains as well as to identify the cognitive user's impact on the primary users. The simulations show that a cognitive user is able to use the network with little impact on the primary users. Also, via simulations, the DRA algorithm was shown to perform relatively well in the presence of selfish users and correlated traffic. Finally, a preliminary formal analysis of the DBA algorithm's performance was undertaken. C1 [Doty, Kyle; Roy, Sandip] Washington State Univ, 355 NE Spokane St,EME 102, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Doty, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 355 NE Spokane St,EME 102, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kdoty@eecs.wsu.edu; sroy@eecs.wsu.edu; AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374902005 ER PT S AU Hook, LR Clark, M Sizoo, D Skoog, MA Brady, J AF Hook, Loyd R. Clark, Matthew Sizoo, David Skoog, Mark A. Brady, James GP IEEE TI Certification strategies using run-time safety assurance for part 23 autopilot systems SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Part 23 aircraft operation, and in particular general aviation, is relatively unsafe when compared to other common forms of vehicle travel. Currently, there exists technologies that could increase safety statistics for these aircraft; however, the high burden and cost of performing the requisite safety critical certification processes for these systems limits their proliferation. For this reason, many entities, including the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the US Air Force, are considering new options for certification for technologies which will improve aircraft safety. Of particular interest, are low cost autopilot systems for general aviation aircraft, as these systems have the potential to positively and significantly affect safety statistics. This paper proposes new systems and techniques, leveraging run-time verification, for the assurance of general aviation autopilot systems, which would be used to supplement the current certification process and provide a viable path for near-term low-cost implementation. In addition, discussions on preliminary experimentation and building the assurance case for a system, based on these principles, is provided. C1 [Hook, Loyd R.] Univ Tulsa, ECE Dept, 800 S Tucker Dr,Rayzor 1130, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Clark, Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sizoo, David; Brady, James] Small Airplane Directorate, FAA Aircraft Certificat Serv, 901 Locust St, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Skoog, Mark A.] NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, POB 273,MS 4830E, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Hook, LR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, ECE Dept, 800 S Tucker Dr,Rayzor 1130, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM Loyd-hook@utulsa.edu; Matthew.clark.20@us.af.mil; David.sizoo@faa.gov; Mark.a.skoog@nasa.gov; James.brady@faa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903039 ER PT S AU Hyde, MW AF Hyde, Milo W. GP IEEE TI Phase-Only Implementation of the Complex Screen Technique for Generating Schell-Model Sources SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID PARTIALLY COHERENT BEAM; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; WAVE AB In this paper, implementation of the complex screen approach for generating partially-coherent Schell-model sources using phase-only control, like that available using commercial-off-the-shelf liquid-crystal spatial light modulators, is presented. Previous techniques for generating Schell-model sources have used phase-only spatial light modulators in combination with amplitude filters to produce partially-coherent fields. Using amplitude filters complicates the optical set-up and significantly reduces the flexibility of the system. Here, both analytically and with simulations, it is shown that both the amplitude and phase of the source field can be manipulated using phase-only control. This contribution removes the need to use amplitude filters, thereby simplifying the optical set-up and increasing the system's flexibility. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900065 ER PT S AU Jia, B Blasch, E Pham, KD Chen, GS Shen, D Wang, ZH AF Jia, Bin Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh D. Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai GP IEEE TI Multiple Space Object Tracking via a Space-based Optical Sensor SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION; HYPOTHESIS TRACKING; FILTERS AB Multiple space object tracking is vital to space situational awareness. In this paper, the multiple hypothesis filter is used to track multiple space objects via a space-based optical sensor, which has many distinct advantages over ground-based sensors. Due to the limited observations obtained from the space-based sensor, the constrained admissible area is used to initialize the orbit. A semi-greedy track selection (SGTS) algorithm is used to solve the multidimensional assignment problem in the observation to track association. The Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) will be used to update the orbit for each space object. Because of the various geometric relationships between the Sun, space objects, and the Earth, many trackelets are generated by the same space object. To facilitate the space object classification, the least squares method associates tracklets to objects. A set of objects with geosynchronous equatorial orbit obtained from the space catalogue is used to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. C1 [Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM bin.jia@intefusiontech.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; khan.pham.1@us.af.mil; gchen@intfusiontech.com; dshen@intfusiontech.com; zwang@intfusiontech.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374901062 ER PT S AU Li, L Wang, G Chen, GS Chen, HM Blasch, E Pham, K AF Li, Lun Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Chen, Hua-Mei Blasch, Erik Khanh Pham GP IEEE TI Robust Airborne Image Transmission Using Joint Source-Channel Coding with UEP SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID UNEQUAL ERROR PROTECTION; UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION; CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES; HIERARCHICAL TREES AB Airborne image service plays an important role in both government and commercial applications. These applications require reliable transmission of compressed images over wireless channels. Various image compression and wireless channel coding schemes have been separately developed in the past decades. However, the transmission quality supported by the existing algorithms can be attenuated by many atmospheric factors due to wireless channels. In this paper, we design a joint source-channel coding framework for transmitting compressed image signals over airborne communication channels in order to further improve the quality of image transmission service. When transmitting the compressed image data, not all information bits are equally important. Due to the inherent nature that compressed images are highly correlated, one bit error can lead to a complete failure of reconstruction of the image sources. In the proposed framework, an unequal error protection (UEP) is included based on the importance and correlation of the information bits. We evaluate rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) channel coding technique combined with both UEP and equal error protection (EEP) for the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) image compression scheme. Comprehensive simulations are performed for the proposed airborne image transmission system, and the results demonstrate a good error robustness of proposed schemes. C1 [Li, Lun; Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Chen, Hua-Mei] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM lun.li@intfusiontech.com; gang.wang@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; huamei.chen@intfusiontech.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374901061 ER PT S AU Lyke, J Freden, J Ahlberg, M Bruhn, F Preble, J AF Lyke, James Freden, Jerker Ahlberg, Mikael Bruhn, Fredrik Preble, Jeff GP IEEE TI Architectural Framework and Toolflow Concepts for Rapidly Composable Wireless Spacecraft SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper provides a glimpse of work being done in a nearly decade-long joint US/Sweden and spacecraft research collaboration exploring rapid spacecraft design based on modular components whose simplicity and composability motivate the exploitation of modern design automation approaches and concepts that have been popularized in consumer and industrial online commerce. Modular systems are engineered to minimize tight couplings between components, with an aim of permitting interchangeability of elements and free composability to form many different possible system designs. Physical wiring often contributes to the complexity, and reducing or eliminating it aids in the objectives of modularity. In this paper, we consider an approach to create modular spacecraft, with a particular emphasis on cube satellites having a 6U form factor, based on a composition of "nearly wireless" elements. Since efficient power delivery remains problematic, our scheme permits the introduction of two terminals (analogous to residential wall outlets) for the sole purpose of power access. All other functions are delivered through a wireless network self organized based on a given collection of components necessary to form a particular spacecraft design. Panel structures can be prewired for power-only distribution, eliminating the need for custom wiring harnesses. In the proposed 6U Cubesat concept, a primary flat surface (similar to 200mm x 300mm) substrate is the basis of a "dinner tray" convention. Modules are added to the pegboard-like "dinner tray" by plugging them in topside, forming a single unified planar interface for electrical, mechanical, and thermal integration. Electrical power blocks energize the substrate, processor modules provide wireless connection access points, and all other modules extract power from the strategically distributed contact points throughout the substrate. Once powered, these modules are networked through a "join and discovery" mechanism which provides a dynamically extensible application programming interface (API) expressed in the form of electronic data sheets. A sophisticated middleware layer (running on the same processing modules that provide the wireless "hotspots") matches applications using a "brokerage" publish and subscribe mechanism. When the dependencies of each application is satisfied through the existence of suitable modules, the application is activated. The entire application suite is a hierarchy implemented as a direct acyclic graph (DAG) of these dependencies that when satisfied form a viable system (in this case a spacecraft) design. The implications of the method are profound in that it is possible to rapidly develop an virtually infinite variety of system designs given a sufficiently large collection of building block hardware and software applications. This paper describes a pushbutton toolflow (PBTF) motivated by concepts electronic design automation, only they are now extended to encompass satellite (or other system) designs. This pushbutton toolflow involves a configurator concept through which the user could negotiate (with relatively simple wizard like dialogs) a variety of viable spacecraft designs. The tool would access a multi-vendor "electronic store", where prebuilt components and applications are marshaled into DAGs corresponding to buildable systems. The approach is analogous to a shopping cart metaphor, in which system cost and delivery times can be tracked based on the collection of dependencies formed by the selection of particular components need to satisfy design constraints. Documentation, including bill of materials, data sheets, and a full work breakdown structure can be produced as a byproduct. The toolflow itself could be extended to encompass automatic program generation and three-dimensional printing approaches to permit automated, customizable software and hardware generation (respectively), to complement the catalog of available components. The toolflow has other profound impacts, such as the ability to publish "recipes" (i.e., useful system representations) for use by other users, the ability to automatically coordinate communications (through a "space dialtone" concept) between orbiting platforms in ground station networks, and techniques that arrange for the construction and launch of these configurator produced spacecraft design by cooperating third-party networks. C1 [Lyke, James] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87112 USA. [Freden, Jerker; Ahlberg, Mikael] Swedish Def Mat Adm, SE-11588 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bruhn, Fredrik] Bruhnspace, Rapphonsvagen 7B, SE-75653 Uppsala, Sweden. [Preble, Jeff] Spaceworks, 15475 North Greenway Hayden Loop, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 USA. RP Lyke, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87112 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374904004 ER PT S AU Lyke, J Ziegler, K Bernhardsdotter, E Freden, J Ouch, C Christer, L Lindstrom, S Nylund, M Lindegren, R Skaborn, D Selin, P Lofgren, H AF Lyke, James Ziegler, Kyle Bernhardsdotter, Eva Freden, Jerker Ouch, Cheth Christer, L. Lindstrom, Sandra Nylund, Matti Lindegren, Robert Skaborn, Daniel Selin, Per Lofgren, Henrik GP IEEE TI SPARC-1: A Joint US/Sweden Multi-Mission Modular Nanosatellite Platform SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB A 6U-format Space Plug-and-play Architecture (SPA) Research Cubesat (SPARC) is being developed as a joint program between the US and Sweden to explore the potential of modular, miniature avionics to empower spacecraft with for useful military applications. SPARC-1 is intended to represent a step towards rapidly composable and service oriented spacecraft networks. Consistent with the plug-and-play model of the personal computer, the aspiration of the SPARC series (and the broader umbrella of research being done between the US and Sweden in the Nanosatellite And Plug-and-play Architecture or "NAPA" program) is to pioneer a methodology for creating mission capable 6U spacecraft. The methodology involves interchangeable blackbox (selfdescribing) components, software (middleware and applications), advanced pushbutton tools supporting accelerated design flows, and elements of ground systems architecture capable of working fluidly with networks of potentially hundreds of these platforms. The NAPA agreement is studying a variety of mission concepts that lend themselves to a "painlessly scalable" paradigm in which small numbers of platforms (as few as one) can achieve a useful "quantum" of some mission performance but are improved as quantities are increased. In this view, inspired by statistical mechanics concepts such as percolation and random networks, we believe it will be possible to make missions that are robust (tolerant to occasional dropouts of multiple platforms) and useful. In the agreement, the US/Sweden collaborative team will be studying concepts as diverse as mesh communication networks, synthetic aperture radar, combat search and rescue, blue force tracking, space situation awareness, and potentially other militarily relevant roles. This agreement will also examine the "kinetics" of rapid mission formation, following earlier studies of plug-and-play satellites. In this paper, we review the NAPA program and the supporting technologies under development, emphasizing the first experimental satellite that embodies a number of these key concepts. C1 [Lyke, James; Ziegler, Kyle] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bernhardsdotter, Eva; Freden, Jerker] Swedish Def Mat Adm, SE-11588 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ouch, Cheth] Univ New Mexico, COSMIAC, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Christer, L.; Lindstrom, Sandra; Nylund, Matti] Swedish Def Res Agcy, SE-16490 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lindegren, Robert; Skaborn, Daniel; Selin, Per; Lofgren, Henrik] AAC Microtec, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Lyke, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903050 ER PT S AU McCrae, JE Fiorino, ST AF McCrae, Jack E., Jr. Fiorino, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Simulation of Array Tilt Effects in Laser Phased Arrays SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB A coherent laser array can be phased through the turbulent atmosphere on target based upon the laser light scattered from that target. For some system concepts, the transmitter array tilt cannot be determined by this phasing process. The expected distribution of array tilt values is examined here for randomly phased arrays. When certain presumptions about phase are taken, as the array grows in number of elements the effect of the array tilt aberration on peak irradiance diminishes, while the pointing error remains near the diffraction limited spot size. These results have potentially important consequences for system design. They highlight the necessity of a method to handle the array tilt aberration for small systems which demand near ideal performance, while simultaneously suggesting array tilt may be ignorable for large systems or systems operating in environments where near diffraction limited performance is already unachievable due to turbulence or jitter. C1 [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.; Fiorino, Steven T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP McCrae, JE (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; McCrae, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM jack.mccrae.ctr@afit.edu; steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900055 ER PT S AU Mee, JK Pineda, AC Guthrie, J Lyke, JC AF Mee, J. K. Pineda, A. C. Guthrie, J. Lyke, J. C. GP IEEE TI Energy Accounting Model for Hardware Impact Analysis SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Air Force Research Laboratory has recently expanded its ability to assess processing architecture options for next generation mission applications, providing traceability from Air Force mission requirements to the hardware and software implementations necessary to meet those requirements. Of prime concern has been the distinct challenge of quantifying the benefits at the spacecraft/mission level resulting from investments in space electronics technologies at the device and component level. Here, we present a satellite architecture modeling and simulation framework that incorporates a detailed accounting of the spacecraft's energy chain of custody, while providing the flexibility to rapidly and easily change or modify spacecraft components. The model is shown to successfully yield the minimum energy configuration of a hypothetical surveillance satellite mission. This powerful new tool enables creation of a return on investment trade space, and ultimately provides the necessary quantitative analysis to guide/ justify technology investment. C1 [Mee, J. K.; Pineda, A. C.; Guthrie, J.; Lyke, J. C.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mee, JK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Jesse.mee@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903054 ER PT S AU Mounce, G Lyke, J Horan, S Doyle, R Some, R Powell, W AF Mounce, Gabriel Lyke, Jim Horan, Stephen Doyle, Rich Some, Rafi Powell, Wes GP IEEE TI Chiplet Based Approach for Heterogeneous Processing and Packaging Architectures SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Creating integrated systems on-chip (SoCs) for aerospace platforms is becoming increasingly intractable in advanced semiconductor nodes (< 90 nm) due to: (1) the expense of semiconductor processing and fabrication, (2) sheer complexity in terms of number of circuit elements for a large die, and (3) limited quantities of systems over which development costs can be amortized. To overcome some of these barriers, a modular " chiplet" motif is proposed around which a scalable and heterogeneous architecture multi-generational roadmap for microelectronics can be based that preserves many of the benefits of a SoC approach. A chiplet is defined as a small, high-performance nodal architecture that can be connected to other chiplets using a number of universal links for high-speed communications. The links can be either parallel or serial, each conveying the same information. Parallel links are used in multichip module / 2.5D packaging, in which a number of chiplets may be a packaged into a tightly coupled configuration (having in theory thousands of interconnects). Serial links are used in simpler forms of packaging to connect nodes across boards, backplanes, and boxes. The universality is important for two reasons. First, by establishing an equivalence between parallel and serial links, the same grouping of chips can be packaged in several different ways that result in functionally equivalent implementations (except that the inter-nodal latency will vary between parallel and serial connections). The performance of the links can be evolved over time to take advantage of the fastest available transport (including optical) or the widest parallel embodiments (for aggressive 3-D throughsilicon via connections). Second, since the links only pass information, it is conceivable that node designs can be substantially different, allowing heterogeneous mixtures of chiplets, to include not only different embodiments of the same processor, but also wholly different classes of node types, to include ultradense memory " servers" (capable of managing multiple high-speed streams through the same link mechanisms), field programmable gate array (FPGA) clusters, and even extended to include complex, configurable analog and radiofrequency functional blocks in the future. By establishing standard messaging protocols, node arrangements can selforganize as more copies of different node types are added, creating a natural approach for building systems flexibly based on the best of breed semiconductor and packaging technologies. This paper will introduce the basic form of the chiplet concept inspired from joint AFRL/NASA work on next-generation space processing and previous work on scaled reconfigurable processing architectures, and describe some of the features we believe necessary to support scalability and heterogeneity with semiconductor technologies, transport concepts, and advanced packaging approaches. C1 [Mounce, Gabriel; Lyke, Jim] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87112 USA. [Horan, Stephen] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Doyle, Rich; Some, Rafi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Powell, Wes] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Mounce, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87112 USA. EM gabriel.mounce.3@us.af.mil; james.lyke.2@us.af.mil; stephen.j.horan@nasa.gov; wesley.a.powell@nasa.gov; richard.j.doyle@jpl.nasa.gov; rafi.some@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903052 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Minimal-Cost-Variance Power Control for Differentiated Service Satellite Communications SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID CONTROL-SYSTEMS AB It is the aim of this paper to focus on some advanced ideas of power adjustments for differentiated services in satellite communications. Dynamic resource allocation explicitly considers the tradeoff between the cost of transmit powers and the error of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios. Achieving maximal system capacity and design for reliability are intertwined and mutually reinforcing goals as being incorporated into the framework of minimal-cost-variance control theory. Closely related to the continuing quest for an effective procedure of availability for satellite communications is a reliable estimation process of terminal reports in presence of interferences and deteriorated link conditions with the hope that these findings would enable future capability concepts of resilient affordable satellite system controllers and ground terminals to achieve assured satellite communications. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903053 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Minimal-Cost-Variance Control of Clock Signals SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID TIME TRANSFER; ALGORITHMS AB The continuing promotion of statistical optimal controls is sought as an integral aspect of creating autonomous and robust remote timing systems that are capable of becoming master clock reference signals should the need arise. Achieving robust steering operations and reliability-by-design processes are intertwined and mutually reinforcing goals as being incorporated into the framework of minimal-cost-variance control theory. Yet it is hoped that these findings would lead to better understanding of clock steering in the application of robust remote backup timing systems. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900002 ER PT S AU Pineda, AC Mee, JK Cunio, PM Weber, RA AF Pineda, Andrew C. Mee, Jesse K. Cunio, Phillip M. Weber, Reed A. GP IEEE TI Benchmarking Image Processing for Space: Introducing the SPACER Architecture Laboratory SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In order to better make investment decisions for future space processing, we are equipping an architectures laboratory to investigate the power and computing performance of candidate computing architectures for future space applications. The picture for future space processing is increasingly complicated by ever increasing data rates/sizes and limited communications bandwidth, both of which will require more data processing, in the form of either data reduction or compression, to be performed on orbit rather than on the ground. Candidate architectures for the laboratory are being drawn from a range of COTS processing architectures including low power multicore processors, FPGAs, and GPUs. As the drivers for these investments are likely to be data-intensive image processing applications, we have selected two representative applications, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Hyper-Temporal Imaging (HTI), and tested them on a variety of low-power multicore processors, and for comparison, on modern conventional processors. Both applications were parallelized using OpenMP and/or pthreads. The processors employed include from four to eight cores. State-of-the-art numerical libraries were used to extract the most performance possible. The multi-core processors selected included examples of both homogeneous and heterogeneous computing architectures. Effects of varying the parameters such as the amount of memory made available to the processors, which affects how data decomposition is accomplished, are also studied. In general, homogeneous computing architectures performed better than heterogeneous ones. In some cases, better performance could be achieved with a single processor core with large memory than with multiple processors. These results are a function of the employed algorithm's ability to efficiently utilize architecture features, and cannot be attributed to all application/architecture pairings, thus highlighting the need for a concerted effort to explore processing requirements for future space missions. C1 [Pineda, Andrew C.; Mee, Jesse K.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Elect Branch, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cunio, Phillip M.; Weber, Reed A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pineda, AC (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Elect Branch, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvse@us.af.mil; afrl.rvby@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903088 ER PT S AU Wang, G Shu, ZH Chen, GS Tian, X Shen, D Nguyen, TM Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Shu, Zhihui Chen, Genshe Tian, Xin Shen, Dan Tien Manh Nguyen Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation of SATCOM Link in the Presence of Radio Frequency Interference SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite - Second Generation (DVB-S2) and Digital Video Broadcasting - Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS) are two important commercial satellite communications (SATCOM) standards, for forward link and return link information transmission via satellites, correspondingly. Advanced channel coding schemes have been designed in DVB-S2 and DVB-RCS to mitigate the information transmission uncertainties and unintentional interferences effects. However, the intentional interferences have been shown to increase dramatically in SATCOM application scenarios. Therefore, performance evaluation of a SATCOM link in the presence of both unintentional radio frequency interference (RFI) and intentional RFI are critical. The evaluation could provide guidance for next-generation SATCOM upgrades. In this paper, we leverage the Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc. (IFT) communication data link simulator (ICDLS) to evaluate the performances of SATCOM links in the presence of various RFI conditions. The comprehensive RFIs are categorized into three types, which are wideband RFI, narrowband RFI, and radar RFI. Specifically, the carrier and phase synchronization errors caused by RFI are evaluated. Various waveforms including modulation and coding (MODCOD) schemes set in DVB-S2 and DVB-RCS standards are then evaluated considering the synchronization errors due to the existence of various RFI. Valuable observations are obtained based on ICDLS, which can be provided for nextgeneration SATCOM standards development. C1 [Wang, Gang; Shu, Zhihui; Chen, Genshe; Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Tien Manh Nguyen] Catholic Univ Amer, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gang.wang@intfusiontech.com; zhihui.shu@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; xtian@intfusiontech.com; dshen@intfusiontech.com; tmnguyen@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374902057 ER PT S AU Llinas, J Snidaro, L Garcia, J Blasch, E AF Llinas, James Snidaro, Lauro Garcia, Jesus Blasch, Erik BE Snidaro, L Garcia, J Llinas, J Blasch, E TI Context and Fusion: Definitions, Terminology SO CONTEXT-ENHANCED INFORMATION FUSION: BOOSTING REAL-WORLD PERFORMANCE WITH DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE SE Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEVEL INFORMATION FUSION; GROUND TARGET TRACKING; CLOSED-WORLD TRACKING; VIDEO SURVEILLANCE; IMAGE FUSION; KNOWLEDGE; SYSTEMS; ENHANCEMENT; ASSOCIATION; SUPPORT C1 [Llinas, James] SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Multisource Informat Fus, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Llinas, James] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Snidaro, Lauro] Univ Udine, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Udine, Italy. [Garcia, Jesus] Univ Carlos III Madrid, GIAA Res Grp, Colmenarejo, Spain. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Llinas, J (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Multisource Informat Fus, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.; Llinas, J (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM llinas@buffalo.edu; lauro.snidaro@uniud.it; jgherrer@inf.uc3m.es; erik.blasch@gmail.com NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2191-6586 BN 978-3-319-28971-7; 978-3-319-28969-4 J9 ADV COMPUT VIS PATT PY 2016 BP 3 EP 23 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-28971-7 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG2YJ UT WOS:000387776900002 ER PT S AU Snidaro, L Garcia, J Llinas, J Blasch, E AF Snidaro, Lauro Garcia, Jesus Llinas, James Blasch, Erik BE Snidaro, L Garcia, J Llinas, J Blasch, E TI Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Preface SO CONTEXT-ENHANCED INFORMATION FUSION: BOOSTING REAL-WORLD PERFORMANCE WITH DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE SE Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Snidaro, Lauro] Univ Udine, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Udine, Italy. [Garcia, Jesus] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Appl Artificial Intelligence Grp, Colmenarejo, Spain. [Llinas, James] SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Multisource Informat Fus, Buffalo, NY USA. [Llinas, James] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Buffalo, NY USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Snidaro, L (reprint author), Univ Udine, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Udine, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2191-6586 BN 978-3-319-28971-7; 978-3-319-28969-4 J9 ADV COMPUT VIS PATT PY 2016 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-28971-7 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG2YJ UT WOS:000387776900001 ER PT S AU McGuinness, CD Walker, D Taylor, C Hill, K Hoffman, M AF McGuinness, Christopher D. Walker, David Taylor, Clark Hill, Kerry Hoffman, Marc BE Pellechia, MF Palaniappan, K Doucette, PJ Dockstader, SL Seetharaman, G TI Evaluation of H.264 and H.265 full motion video encoding for small UAS platforms SO GEOSPATIAL INFORMATICS, FUSION, AND MOTION VIDEO ANALYTICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geospatial Informatics, Fusion, and Motion Video Analytics VI CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE video compression; H.264; HEVC; COTS; SWAP; quality; rate control ID STANDARD AB Of all the steps in the image acquisition and formation pipeline, compression is the only process that degrades image quality. A selected compression algorithm succeeds or fails to provide sufficient quality at the requested compression rate depending on how well the algorithm is suited to the input data. Applying an algorithm designed for one type of data to a different type often results in poor compression performance. This is mostly the case when comparing the performance of H.264, designed for standard definition data, to HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), which the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) designed for high-definition data. This study focuses on evaluating how HEVC compares to H.264 when compressing data from small UAS platforms. To compare the standards directly, we assess two open-source traditional software solutions: x264 and x265. These software-only comparisons allow us to establish a baseline of how much improvement can generally be expected of HEVC over H.264. Then, specific solutions leveraging different types of hardware are selected to understand the limitations of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) options. Algorithmically, regardless of the implementation, HEVC is found to provide similar quality video as H.264 at 40% lower data rates for video resolutions greater than 1280x720, roughly 1 Megapixel (MPx). For resolutions less than 1MPx, H.264 is an adequate solution though a small (roughly 20%) compression boost is earned by employing HEVC. New low cost, size, weight, and power (CSWAP) HEVC implementations are being developed and will be ideal for small UAS systems. C1 [McGuinness, Christopher D.; Walker, David] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 1700 South Patterson Blvd, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Taylor, Clark; Hill, Kerry; Hoffman, Marc] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP McGuinness, CD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 1700 South Patterson Blvd, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM christopher.mcguinness@udri.udayton.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0082-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9841 AR UNSP 98410M DI 10.1117/12.2238133 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG4OW UT WOS:000389022100010 ER PT S AU Yan, GH Kucuk, Y Slocum, M Last, DC AF Yan, Guanhua Kucuk, Yunus Slocum, Max Last, David C. BE Bishop, M Nascimento, ACA TI A Bayesian Cogntive Approach to Quantifying Software Exploitability Based on Reachability Testing SO INFORMATION SECURITY, (ISC 2016) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual International Conference on Information Security (ISC) CY SEP 03-09, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI AB Computer hackers or their malware surrogates constantly look for software vulnerabilities in the cyberspace to perform various online crimes, such as identity theft, cyber espionage, and denial of service attacks. It is thus crucial to assess accurately the likelihood that a software can be exploited before it is put into practical use. In this work, we propose a cognitive framework that uses Bayesian reasoning as its first principle to quantify software exploitability. Using the Bayes' rule, our framework combines in an organic manner the evaluator's prior beliefs with her empirical observations from software tests that check if the security-critical components of a software are reachable from its attack surface. We rigorously analyze this framework as a system of nonlinear equations, and henceforth perform extensive numerical simulations to gain insights into issues such as convergence of parameter estimation and the effects of the evaluator's cognitive characteristics. C1 [Yan, Guanhua; Kucuk, Yunus; Slocum, Max] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Comp Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Kucuk, Yunus] Turkish Mil Acad, Def Sci Inst, Ankara, Turkey. [Last, David C.] Air Force Res Lab, Resilient Synchronized Syst Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Yan, GH (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Comp Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM ghyan@binghamton.edu; ykucuk1@binghamton.edu; mslocum1@binghamton.edu; david.last.1@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45871-7; 978-3-319-45870-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9866 BP 343 EP 365 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45871-7_21 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4PD UT WOS:000389031800021 ER PT S AU Peale, RE Oladeji, IO Smith, EM Vasilyev, V Alhasan, SFH Abouelkhair, H Todorovski, D Kimani, M Cleary, JW AF Peale, Robert E. Oladeji, Isaiah O. Smith, Evan M. Vasilyev, Vladimir Alhasan, Sarmad Fawzi Hamza Abouelkhair, Hussain Todorovski, Dalibor Kimani, Martin Cleary, Justin W. BE Lakhtakia, A Mackay, TG Suzuki, M TI Pyroelectric response of spray-deposited BaTiO3 thin film SO NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructured Thin Films IX CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Kyoto Univ Fdn DE pyroelectric; thin film; barium titanate; infrared; spray deposit AB Pyroelectric photoresponse of aqueous spray deposited thin films containing BaTiO3 nano-crystals is reported. X-ray diffraction data indicate the presence of hexagonal BaTiO3 nano-crystals with similar to 20 nm crystalline domains in a matrix of some as yet unidentified nano-crystalline material. When the film is annealed at 600 C, the X-ray pattern changes significantly and indicates a conversion to one of the non-hexagonal phases of BaTiO3 as well as a complete change in the matrix. With suitable amplifier, the measured photoresponse was 40V/W. Ferroelectric hysteresis on a film with significant presence of hexagonal BaTiO3 shows saturated polarization which is about 5-times smaller than for the bulk tetragonal phase. A potential application is a patternable infrared detector for photonic and plasmonic devices, such as chip-scale spectral sensors. C1 [Peale, Robert E.; Abouelkhair, Hussain; Todorovski, Dalibor] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Oladeji, Isaiah O.] SISOM Thin Films LLC, Orlando, FL 32805 USA. [Smith, Evan M.; Kimani, Martin] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Smith, Evan M.; Vasilyev, Vladimir; Kimani, Martin; Cleary, Justin W.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alhasan, Sarmad Fawzi Hamza] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Alhasan, Sarmad Fawzi Hamza] Univ Technol Baghdad, Laser & Optoelect Engn Dept, Baghdad 10066, Iraq. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0249-6; 978-1-5106-0250-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9929 AR UNSP 99290Z DI 10.1117/12.2237458 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG4NT UT WOS:000389019400023 ER PT J AU Han, HX Alday, B Shuman, NS Wiens, JP Troe, J Viggianob, AA Guo, H AF Han, Huixian Alday, Benjamin Shuman, Nicholas S. Wiens, Justin P. Troe, Juergen Viggianob, Albert A. Guo, Hua TI Calculations of the active mode and energetic barrier to electron attachment to CF3 and comparison with kinetic modeling of experimental results SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; BASIS-SETS; ATOMS; SURFACES; DEPENDENCE; AFFINITY; CAPTURE; DENSITY; HEATS; NEON AB To provide a deeper understanding of the kinetics of electron attachment to CF3, the six-dimensional potential energy surfaces of both CF3 and CF3- were developed by fitting similar to 3000 ab initio points per surface at the AE-CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ level using the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network (PIP-NN) approach. The fitted potential energy surfaces for CF3 and CF3- had root mean square fitting errors relative to the ab initio calculations of 1.2 and 1.8 cm(-1), respectively. The main active mode for the crossing between the two potential energy surfaces was identified as the umbrella bending mode of CF3 in C-3v symmetry. The lowest energy crossing point is located at R-CF = 1.306 angstrom and theta(FCF) = 113.6 degrees with the energy of 0.051 eV above the minimum of the CF3 electronic surface. This value is only slightly larger than the experimental data 0.026 +/- 0.01 eV determined by kinetic modeling of electron attachment to CF3. The small discrepancy between the theoretical and experimentally measured values is analyzed. C1 [Han, Huixian; Alday, Benjamin; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Wiens, Justin P.; Viggianob, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Fassberg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Han, Huixian] Northwest Univ, Sch Phys, Xian 710069, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Shuman, NS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil; hguo@unm.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under an AFOSR Award [AFOSR-2303EP]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0305]; Chinese Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21103136]; EOARD [FA8655-11-1-3077] FX The AFRL authors were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under an AFOSR Award AFOSR-2303EP. The UNM team acknowledges the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding (Grant No. AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0305) and the UNM Center for Advanced Research Computing (CARC) for computational resources used in this work. HH thanks the Chinese Scholarship Council for supporting the visit to UNM and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21103136) for partial support. JT thanks the EOARD (Grant Award FA8655-11-1-3077) for support of his work. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 45 BP 31064 EP 31071 DI 10.1039/c6cp05867a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ED6CW UT WOS:000388943500022 PM 27808307 ER PT S AU Arnold, G Culbertson, JL Rovito, TV Barto, E Harrison, MA Walls, S AF Arnold, Gregory Culbertson, Jared L. Rovito, Todd V. Barto, Euvondia Harrison, Mary Ann Walls, Stephen BE Kadar, I TI A baseline for the Scene Understanding Challenge Problem SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXV CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE detection; tracking; action; relationship inference; computer vision; automatic target recognition; fusion AB A Scene Understanding Challenge Problem was released by AFRL at this conference in 2015 in response to DARPA's Mathematics, Sensing, Exploitation, and Execution (MSEE) program. We consider a scene understanding system as a generalization of typical sensor exploitation systems where instead of performing a narrowly defined task (e.g., detect, track, classify, etc.), the system can perform general user-defined tasks specified in a query language. That paper(1) laid out the general challenges and methods for developing scene understanding performance models. This is an enormously challenging problem, so now AFRL is illustrating the methods with a baseline system primarily developed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) during the MSEE program. This system will be publicly available for others to utilize, compare, and contrast with related methods. This paper will further explain and provide insights into the challenges, illustrating them with examples from a publicly available data set. Our intent is that these tools will relieve the requirement for developing an entire system and enable progress to occur by focusing on individual elements of the system. Finally, we will provide details as to how interested researchers may obtain the system and the data. C1 [Barto, Euvondia; Harrison, Mary Ann; Walls, Stephen] Matrix Res Inc, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Culbertson, Jared L.; Rovito, Todd V.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Culbertson, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jared.Culbertson@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0083-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9842 AR UNSP 98420X DI 10.1117/12.2220419 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG4NS UT WOS:000389019300034 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Kadar, I Chong, CY Steinberg, A Mahler, RPS Yang, SJ Fenstermacher, LH Chang, AL Tandy, P AF Blasch, Erik Kadar, Ivan Chong, Chee-Yee Steinberg, Alan Mahler, Ronald P. S. Yang, Shanchieh Jay Fenstermacher, Laurie H. Chang, Alex L. Tandy, Paul BE Kadar, I TI Issues and Challenges of the Applications of Context to Enhance Information Fusion, Panel Summary SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXV CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Context enhanced information fusion; context management; factor graphs; situation assessment; probabilistic models; target-tracking and recognition; etic/emic perspectives; sensemaking; discourse analysis; network attack analysis AB During the 2016 SPIE DSS conference, nine panelists were invited to highlight the trends and use of context for information fusion. This paper highlights the common issues and trends presented from the panel discussion. The different panelists highlighted methods of filtering methods, data aggregation, and the importance of context for real-time analytics. Using the panelist perspectives, the review organizes the common issues and themes as well areas of future analysis of content and context enrichment from information fusion. C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Syst Sci Inc, 1979 Marcus Ave, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA. [Chong, Chee-Yee] POB 4082, Los Altos, CA 94024 USA. [Steinberg, Alan] 2568 Fox Ridge Ct, Woodbridge, VA 22192 USA. [Mahler, Ronald P. S.] Random Sets LLC, 1459 Pond Wynde North, Eagan, MN 55122 USA. [Yang, Shanchieh Jay] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Comp Engn, 83 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Fenstermacher, Laurie H.] Air Force Res Lab, 711 HPW RHXM,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chang, Alex L.] US Army, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Tandy, Paul] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0083-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9842 AR UNSP 98420L DI 10.1117/12.2224029 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG4NS UT WOS:000389019300023 ER PT S AU Fenstermacher, L AF Fenstermacher, Laurie BE Kadar, I TI Information Fusion for the Gray Zone SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXV CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE fusion; information fusion; gray zone; intent; emic; etic; perspective; forecasting; meaning making AB United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) recently published a white paper describing the "Gray Zone", security challenges characterized by "ambiguity about the nature of the conflict, opacity of the parties involved...competitive interactions among and within state and non-state actors that fall between the traditional war and peace duality."(1) Ambiguity and related uncertainty about actors, situations, relationships, and intent require new approaches to information collection, processing and fusion. General Votel, the current SOCOM commander, during a recent speech on "Operating in the Gray Zone" emphasized that it would be important to get left of the next crises and stated emphatically, "to do that we must understand the Human Domain."(2) This understanding of the human domain must come from making meaning based on different perspectives, including the "emic" or first person/participant and "etic" or third person/observer perspectives. Much of the information currently collected and processed is etic. Incorporation and fusion with the emic perspective enables forecasting of behaviors /events and provides context for etic information (e.g., video).(3) Gray zone challenges are perspective-dependent; for example, the conflict in Ukraine is interpreted quite differently by Russia, the US and Ukraine. Russia views it as war, necessitating aggressive action, the US views it as a security issue best dealt with by economic sanctions and diplomacy and the Ukraine views it as a threat to its sovereignty.(4) General Otto in the Air Force ISR 2023 vision document stated that Air Force ISR is needed to anticipate strategic surprise.(5) Anticipatory analysis enabling getting left of a crisis inherently requires a greater focus on information sources that elucidate the human environment as well as new methods that elucidate not only the "who's" and "what's", but the "how's and "why's,"extracting features and/or patterns and subtle cues useful for forecasting behaviors and events; for example discourse patterns related to social identity and integrative complexity(6). AFRL has been conducting research to enable analysts to understand the "emic" perspective based on discourse analysis methods and/or text analytics.(7) Previous results demonstrated the value of fusion of emic and etic information in terms of improved accuracy (from 39% to 86%) in forecasting violent events.(8) This paper will describe new work to extend this to anticipatory analysis in the gray zone. C1 [Fenstermacher, Laurie] Air Force Res Lab, 711 HPW RHXM,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fenstermacher, L (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711 HPW RHXM,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0083-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9842 AR UNSP 98421M DI 10.1117/12.2230993 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG4NS UT WOS:000389019300055 ER PT S AU Pinkus, AR Dommett, DW Task, HL AF Pinkus, Alan R. Dommett, David W. Task, H. Lee BE Kadar, I TI Evaluation of the repeatability of a Landolt-C based, automated sensor resolution assessment methodology SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXV CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE resolution; Landolt C; sensors; multispectral; psychometric function AB This paper describes a novel sensor resolution assessment chart and procedure based on the Landolt C. This automated resolution assessment procedure does not rely on human vision as the primary means of interpreting resolution chart results. Seven sensors across four different spectral bands and several geometric resolutions were assessed a total of five times each to determine the repeatability (confidence interval) for this automated procedure. The results are presented and compared with previous studies. C1 [Pinkus, Alan R.; Dommett, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, 711HPW RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Task, H. Lee] Task Consulting, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Pinkus, AR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711HPW RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.pinkus@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0083-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9842 AR UNSP 98420Z DI 10.1117/12.2222579 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG4NS UT WOS:000389019300035 ER PT S AU Schneider, MK Alford, M Babko-Malaya, O Blasch, E Chen, LJ Crespi, V HandUber, J Haney, P Nagy, J Richman, M Von Pless, G Zhu, HW Rhodes, BJ AF Schneider, Michael K. Alford, Mark Babko-Malaya, Olga Blasch, Erik Chen, Lingji Crespi, Valentino HandUber, Jason Haney, Phil Nagy, Jim Richman, Mike Von Pless, Gregory Zhu, Howie Rhodes, Bradley J. BE Kadar, I TI Learning Patterns of Life from Intelligence Analyst Chat SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXV CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE patterns of life; natural language processing; multi-hypothesis tracking; Internet relay chat AB Our Multi-INT Data Association Tool (MIDAT) learns patterns of life (POL) of a geographical area from video analyst observations called out in textual reporting. Typical approaches to learning POLs from video make use of computer vision algorithms to extract locations in space and time of various activities. Such approaches are subject to the detection and tracking performance of the video processing algorithms. Numerous examples of human analysts monitoring live video streams annotating or "calling out" relevant entities and activities exist, such as security analysis, crime-scene forensics, news reports, and sports commentary. This user description typically corresponds with textual capture, such as chat. Although the purpose of these text products is primarily to describe events as they happen, organizations typically archive the reports for extended periods. This archive provides a basis to build POLs. Such POLs are useful for diagnosis to assess activities in an area based on historical context, and for consumers of products, who gain an understanding of historical patterns. MIDAT combines natural language processing, multi-hypothesis tracking, and Multi-INT Activity Pattern Learning and Exploitation (MAPLE) technologies in an end-to-end lab prototype that processes textual products produced by video analysts, infers POLs, and highlights anomalies relative to those POLs with links to "tracks" of related activities performed by the same entity. MIDAT technologies perform well, achieving, for example, a 90% F1-value on extracting activities from the textual reports. C1 [Schneider, Michael K.; Babko-Malaya, Olga; Chen, Lingji; Crespi, Valentino; HandUber, Jason; Haney, Phil; Richman, Mike; Von Pless, Gregory; Zhu, Howie; Rhodes, Bradley J.] BAE Syst, 600 Dist Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Alford, Mark; Blasch, Erik; Nagy, Jim] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Schneider, MK (reprint author), BAE Syst, 600 Dist Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0083-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9842 AR UNSP 98420N DI 10.1117/12.2225101 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG4NS UT WOS:000389019300025 ER PT S AU Donovan, AB Bracey, M Roberts, R Wolff, M Yerkes, K AF Donovan, Adam B. Bracey, Marcus Roberts, Rory Wolff, Mitch Yerkes, Kirk GP AMER INST AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT TI Enhanced ECS/Generator Models in an Integrated Air Vehicle Platform SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference CY JUL 25-27, 2016 CL Salt Lake City, UT AB Simulations of a complete air vehicle including all the various subsystems such as the environmental control, air vehicle, and power/thermal management subsystems have been utilized on a mission level. Relatively few attempts have been made to define appropriate validation testing constructs for this analysis in a transient mode of operation. Current research addresses the process of validation testing using legacy aircraft systems in order to acquire relevant data that will lead to the validation of existing models, and different modeling methods. In order to aid in this effort, a tip-to-tail (T2T) model of a legacy aircraft is being created. This effort has two major challenges, integrating more realistic subsystem models that are representative of the actual system. To this effect, an air vehicle system (AVS), engine, generator, and environmental control system (ECS) models have been generated to model the actual legacy system. In particular, this research will focus on the creation and integration of the generator and ECS model. The ECS uses an air cycle machine which utilizes a Brayton refrigeration cycle to cool the air to the cockpit and avionics. The generator model uses both electrical and thermal models to calculate the power and heat generated which connects to the rest of the model. These models will lay the foundation for more validation work on these T2T models. C1 [Donovan, Adam B.] Wright State Univ, Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Bracey, Marcus; Roberts, Rory; Wolff, Mitch] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Yerkes, Kirk] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donovan, AB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 1947-7805 BN 978-1-62410-407-7 J9 INT ENERGY CONVERS PY 2016 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG4CX UT WOS:000388660400045 ER PT S AU Erbschloe, DR Harrison, WE AF Erbschloe, Donald R. Harrison, William E., III GP AMER INST AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT TI The Case for CASE (Center for Aviation System Efficiency) SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference CY JUL 25-27, 2016 CL Salt Lake City, UT AB Air transportation (passengers and cargo) accounts for 10% of the entire US fuel consumption (22 billion gallons of jet fuel in 2013). The demand for air travel is anticipated to increase steadily with a commensurate expectation of a doubling of the US commercial aircraft fleet by 2032. Although current aviation fuel prices are low currently, projections anticipate long-term rises in fuel costs. The increase in scope and cost of resources will drive air transportation costs up. Recent studies have identified three broad thrusts in aviation efficiency: improving the aircraft (e.g., propulsion, aerodynamics, weight), improving the operation of the aircraft (e.g., aircrew training, command and control, routing and mission execution), and energy harvesting/capture (e.g., taking advantage of secondary or external energy sources). To truly maximize aviation energy efficiency a multi-displinary system-of-systems approach is required. This approach is being applied to a concept currently being explored by several government agencies in an innovative program -Surfing Aircraft Vortices for Energy (SAVE). Currently no single organization exists to systematically address this system-of-systems problem. The authors propose the creation of a center of excellence taking advantage of resources and expertise by government, academic, and industry partners to pioneer the next generations of aviation fuel efficiency programs. C1 [Erbschloe, Donald R.] 104 Antler Creek Ct, Caseyville, IL 62232 USA. [Harrison, William E., III] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL SB, Small Business, 2275 D St,Bldg 16, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Erbschloe, DR (reprint author), 104 Antler Creek Ct, Caseyville, IL 62232 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 1947-7805 BN 978-1-62410-407-7 J9 INT ENERGY CONVERS PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG4CX UT WOS:000388660400041 ER PT J AU Geiselman, EE Quill, LL Cox, NJ Dubois, JA AF Geiselman, Eric E. Quill, Laurie Larsen Cox, Noel J. Dubois, Jeffrey A. TI Airdrop Guidance Display Format for Precision Airdrop Application on an Auxiliary Display Equipped Aircraft SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLOGY AB Objective: To evaluate a new display format for Airdrop Guidance intended to enhance precision-flight capability for high-altitude single-pass airdrop profiles. Background: Operational military environments are demanding that airdrops are increasingly precise while simultaneously protecting Air Force assets through high-altitude drops. Efforts are underway at the Air Force Research Laboratory to minimize the negative effect of human performance variability on high-altitude airdrop accuracy. Precision guidance to the calculated air release point, as presented through the new display, offers potential reduction in flight performance variability. Method: Four U.S. Air Force pilots, current in the C-17, participated in a within-subjects evaluation of the airdrop guidance display. Each pilot was scheduled to fly a total of 16 trials. The out-the-window scene (presented or blanked) effects were also assessed. Results: Results suggest improved performance over existing methods of airdrop guidance as measured by both aircraft position at green light and the comparison between actual and optimal flightpaths. Conclusion: The airdrop guidance display format, tested for precision flight, could significantly reduce flight performance error associated with high-altitude airdrop missions. Additionally, implementation of the display shows potential for increasing overall airdrop accuracy. C1 [Geiselman, Eric E.] Air Force Res Lab, 711HPW RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Quill, Laurie Larsen] Human Factors Solut LLC, 432 Winding Way Rd, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. [Cox, Noel J.] LinQuest Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Dubois, Jeffrey A.] Infoscitex Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Quill, LL (reprint author), Human Factors Solut LLC, 432 Winding Way Rd, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. EM llquill1234@gmail.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1080/10508414.2015.1162630 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA EC6WF UT WOS:000388276700001 ER PT S AU Mittu, R Lin, J Li, QZ Gao, YF Rangwala, H Shargo, P Robinson, J Rose, C Tunison, P Turek, M Thomas, S Hanselman, P AF Mittu, Ranjeev Lin, Jessica Li, Qingzhe Gao, Yifeng Rangwala, Huzefa Shargo, Peter Robinson, Joshua Rose, Carolyn Tunison, Paul Turek, Matt Thomas, Stephen Hanselman, Phil BE Broome, BD Hanratty, TP Hall, DL Llinas, J TI Foundations for Context-Aware Information Retrieval for Proactive Decision Support SO NEXT-GENERATION ANALYST IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Analyst IV CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Decision support; social media; ISR; normalcy modeling; anomaly detection; user roles; geo-spatial behavior modeling AB Intelligence analysts and military decision makers are faced with an onslaught of information. From the now ubiquitous presence of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms providing large volumes of sensor data, to vast amounts of open source data in the form of news reports, blog postings, or social media postings, the amount of information available to a modern decision maker is staggering. Whether tasked with leading a military campaign or providing support for a humanitarian mission, being able to make sense of all the information available is a challenge. Due to the volume and velocity of this data, automated tools are required to help support reasoned, human decisions. In this paper we describe several automated techniques that are targeted at supporting decision making. Our approaches include modeling the kinematics of moving targets as motifs; developing normalcy models and detecting anomalies in kinematic data; automatically classifying the roles of users in social media; and modeling geo-spatial regions based on the behavior that takes place in them. These techniques cover a wide-range of potential decision maker needs. C1 [Mittu, Ranjeev] US Naval Res Lab, Informat Management & Decis Architectures Branch, Div Informat Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lin, Jessica; Li, Qingzhe; Gao, Yifeng; Rangwala, Huzefa] George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shargo, Peter; Robinson, Joshua] BAE Syst, 4721 Emperor Blvd,Suite 330, Durham, NC USA. [Rose, Carolyn] Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Tunison, Paul; Turek, Matt] Kitware Inc, 28 Corp Dr, Clifton Pk, NY USA. [Thomas, Stephen; Hanselman, Phil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mittu, R (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Informat Management & Decis Architectures Branch, Div Informat Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ranjeev.mittu@nrl.navy.mil; matt.turek@kitware.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0092-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9851 AR UNSP 985108 DI 10.1117/12.2231152 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG3ZY UT WOS:000388441000007 ER PT J AU Wackerfuss, A AF Wackerfuss, Andrew BE Harrigan, P Kirschenbaum, MG TI PLAYING WITH TOY SOLDIERS: AUTHENTICITY AND METAGAMING IN WORLD WAR I VIDEO GAMES SO ZONES OF CONTROL: PERSPECTIVES ON WARGAMING SE Game Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wackerfuss, Andrew] US Air Force, Air Natl Guard Hist Off, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. RP Wackerfuss, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Air Natl Guard Hist Off, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-03399-2 J9 GAME HIST PY 2016 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Management; Operations Research & Management Science; Political Science SC Computer Science; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Government & Law GA BG3RG UT WOS:000388166000028 ER PT J AU Levis, AH Elder, RJ AF Levis, Alexander H. Elder, Robert J. BE Harrigan, P Kirschenbaum, MG TI MODEL-DRIVEN MILITARY WARGAME DESIGN AND EVALUATION SO ZONES OF CONTROL: PERSPECTIVES ON WARGAMING SE Game Histories LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Levis, Alexander H.] George Mason Univ, Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Levis, Alexander H.] George Mason Univ, Volgenau Sch Engn, Syst Architectures Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Levis, Alexander H.] Pentagon, US Air Force, Arlington, VA USA. [Levis, Alexander H.] MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Elder, Robert J.] George Mason Univ, Volgenau Sch Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Levis, AH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Levis, AH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Volgenau Sch Engn, Syst Architectures Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-03399-2 J9 GAME HIST PY 2016 BP 471 EP 481 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Management; Operations Research & Management Science; Political Science SC Computer Science; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Government & Law GA BG3RG UT WOS:000388166000043 ER PT S AU Ash, JN Meola, J AF Ash, Joshua N. Meola, Joseph BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Temperature-emissivity separation for LWIR sensing using MCMC SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE temperature emissivity separation (TES); long-wave infrared (LWIR); Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC); Bayesian estimation AB Signal processing for long-wave infrared (LWIR) sensing is made complicated by unknown surface temperatures in a scene which impact measured radiance through temperature-dependent black-body radiation of in-scene objects. The unknown radiation levels give rise to the temperature-emissivity separation (TES) problem describing the intrinsic ambiguity between an object's temperature and emissivity. In this paper we present a novel Bayesian TES algorithm that produces a probabilistic posterior estimate of a material's unknown temperature and emissivity. The statistical uncertainty characterization provided by the algorithm is important for subsequent signal processing tasks such as classification and sensor fusion. The algorithm is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and exploits conditional linearity to achieve efficient block-wise Gibbs sampling for rapid inference. In contrast to existing work, the algorithm optimally incorporates prior knowledge about inscene materials via Bayesian priors which may optionally be learned using training data and a material database. Examples demonstrate up to an order of magnitude reduction in error compared to classical filter-based TES methods. C1 [Ash, Joshua N.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Meola, Joseph] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ash, JN (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM josh.asl@wright.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98401O DI 10.1117/12.2223263 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600045 ER PT S AU Kaufman, JR Vongsy, KM Dill, JC AF Kaufman, Jason R. Vongsy, Karmon M. Dill, Jeffrey C. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Toward prediction of hyperspectral target detection performance after lossy image compression SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imagery; lossy image compression; lossless image compression; target detection performance; performance evaluation AB Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) offers numerous advantages over traditional sensing modalities with its high spectral content that allows for classification, anomaly detection, target discrimination, and change detection. However, this imaging modality produces a huge amount of data, which requires transmission, processing, and storage resources; hyperspectral compression is a viable solution to these challenges. It is well known that lossy compression of hyperspectral imagery can impact hyperspectral target detection. Here we examine lossy compressed hyperspectral imagery from data-centric and target-centric perspectives. The compression ratio (CR), root mean square error (RMSE), the signal to noise ratio (SNR), and the correlation coefficient are computed directly from the imagery and provide insight to how the imagery has been affected by the lossy compression process. With targets present in the imagery, we perform target detection with the spectral angle mapper (SAM) and adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) and evaluate the change in target detection performance by examining receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the target signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR). Finally, we observe relationships between the data- and target-centric metrics for selected visible/near-infrared to shortwave infrared (VNIR/SWIR) HSI data, targets, and backgrounds that motivate potential prediction of change in target detection performance as a function of compression ratio. C1 [Kaufman, Jason R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Vongsy, Karmon M.] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dill, Jeffrey C.] Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Kaufman, JR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jason.kaufman@udri.udayton.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 984026 DI 10.1117/12.2224332 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600060 ER PT S AU Perkins, T Adler-Golden, S Muratov, L Sundberg, R Ientilucci, E Cain, L AF Perkins, T. Adler-Golden, S. Muratov, L. Sundberg, R. Ientilucci, E. Cain, L. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Spectral BRDF modeling of vehicle signature observations in the VNIR-SWIR SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; target detection; hyperspectral imagery; reflectance; scene simulation AB Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors have the ability to detect and identify objects within a scene based on the distinct attributes of their surface spectral signatures. Many targets of interest, such as vehicles, represent a complex arrangement of specular (non-Lambertian) materials with curved and flat surfaces oriented at varying view factors. This complexity, combined with possible changing atmospheric/illumination conditions and viewing geometries, can produce significant variations in the observed signatures from measurement to measurement, making detection and/or reacquisition challenging. This paper focuses on the characterization of visible-near infrared-short wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) spectra for detection, identification and tracking of vehicles. Signature variations are predicted using a novel image simulation tool to calculate spectral images of complex 3D objects from a spectral material description such as the modified Beard-Maxwell BRDF model, a wireframe shape model, and a directional model of the illumination. We compare the simulations with recent VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral imagery of vehicles and panels collected at the Rochester Institute of Technology during an Autumn 2015 measurement campaign. Variations in both the simulated and measured spectra arise mainly from differences in the relative glint contribution. Implications of these variations on vehicle detection and identification are briefly discussed. C1 [Perkins, T.; Adler-Golden, S.; Muratov, L.; Sundberg, R.] Spectral Sci Inc, 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Ientilucci, E.] Rochester Inst Technol, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cain, L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perkins, T (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM tperkins@spectral.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400R DI 10.1117/12.2225018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600019 ER PT S AU Rankin, BM Meola, J Perry, DL Kaufman, JR AF Rankin, Blake M. Meola, Joseph Perry, David L. Kaufman, Jason R. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Methods and challenges for target detection and material identification for longwave infrared hyperspectral imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE longwave infrared; target detection; material identification; radiance and emissivity domains ID MATCHED SUBSPACE DETECTORS; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS AB Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with target detection and identification algorithms require spectral signatures for target materials of interest. The longwave infrared (LWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum is dominated by thermal emission, and thus, estimates of target temperature are necessary for emissivity retrieval through temperature-emissivity separation or for conversion of known emissivity signatures to radiance units. Therefore, lack of accurate target temperature information poses a significant challenge for target detection and identification algorithms. Previous studies have demonstrated both LWIR target detection using signature subspaces and visible/shortwave subpixel target identification. This work compares adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) and subspace target detection algorithms for various target materials, atmospheric compensation algorithms, and imagery domains (radiance or emissivity) for several data sets. Preliminary results suggest that target detection in the radiance and emissivity domains is complementary, in the sense that certain material classes may be more easily detected using subspaces, while others require conversion to emissivity space. Furthermore, a radiance domain LWIR material identification algorithm that accounts for target temperature uncertainty is presented. The latter algorithm is shown to effectively distinguish between materials with a high degree of spectral similarity. C1 [Rankin, Blake M.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Meola, Joseph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Perry, David L.] Leidos Corp, Reston, VA USA. [Kaufman, Jason R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Rankin, BM (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400Z DI 10.1117/12.2225914 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600027 ER PT J AU Bojanowski, CL Crookes-Goodson, WJ Robinson, JB AF Bojanowski, Caitlin L. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Robinson, Jayne B. TI Use of bacteriophage to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination and fouling in Jet A aviation fuel SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophage; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; biofilm; antifouling; Jet A; fuel ID MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; BIODEGRADATION; POLYURETHANE AB In the present study, the use of bacteriophages to prevent growth and/or biofouling by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was investigated in microcosms containing Jet A aviation fuel as the carbon source. Bacteriophages were found to be effective at preventing biofilm formation but did not always prevent planktonic growth in the microcosms. This result was at odds with experiments conducted in nutrient-rich medium, demonstrating the necessity to test antimicrobial and antifouling strategies under conditions as near as possible to the 'real world'. The success of the bacteriophages at preventing biofilm formation makes them potential candidates as antifouling agents for fuel systems. C1 [Bojanowski, Caitlin L.; Robinson, Jayne B.] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Robinson, JB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM JRobinson2@udayton.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute [KE5000, KES000]; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Soft Matter Materials Branch [KUX000] FX This work was supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute [grant number KE5000], [grant number KES000]; the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Soft Matter Materials Branch [grant number KUX000]. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2016 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1163 EP 1170 DI 10.1080/08927014.2016.1239084 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB8QO UT WOS:000387656100002 PM 27718644 ER PT S AU Edson, SM McMahon, TP AF Edson, Suni M. McMahon, Timothy P. BE Goodwin, W TI Extraction of DNA from Skeletal Remains SO FORENSIC DNA TYPING PROTOCOLS, 2ND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE DNA from skeletal remains; Organic extraction; Inorganic extraction; PCIA ID CONTAMINATION AB Acquisition of DNA from skeletal remains can be a delicate process. With the advent of improved extraction buffers that provide complete demineralization of the osseous materials, extraction of total genomic DNA from nearly any skeletal element is possible. This chapter describes both traditional organic and more newly developed inorganic extraction methods for fresh and dried skeletal remains. C1 [Edson, Suni M.; McMahon, Timothy P.] Amer Registry Pathol ARP, Armed Forces DNA Identifi cation Lab AFDIL, Dover AFB, DE USA. RP Edson, SM (reprint author), Amer Registry Pathol ARP, Armed Forces DNA Identifi cation Lab AFDIL, Dover AFB, DE USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3597-0; 978-1-4939-3595-6 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1420 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3597-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3597-0 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA BG1HT UT WOS:000386788000007 PM 27259732 ER PT J AU Kohlmeyer, RR Blake, AJ Hardin, JO Carmona, EA Carpena-Nunez, J Maruyama, B Berrigan, JD Huang, H Durstock, MF AF Kohlmeyer, Ryan R. Blake, Aaron J. Hardin, James O. Carmona, Eric A. Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer Maruyama, Benji Berrigan, J. Daniel Huang, Hong Durstock, Michael F. TI Composite batteries: a simple yet universal approach to 3D printable lithium-ion battery electrodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOFIBERS; LI4TI5O12 ELECTRODE; FILM ELECTRODES; PAPER; LI; CATHODE; BINDER; NETWORK; MICROBATTERIES; TECHNOLOGIES AB Printable energy storage is anticipated to facilitate innovation in the manufacture of flexible electronics and soft robotics by enabling direct integration of a power source into a system during the fabrication process. To this end, we have established a universal approach to develop 3D printable, free-standing electrodes with an embedded current collector for high-performance Li-ion batteries. This simple approach utilizes a well-dispersed mixture of active material, carbon nanofibers, and polymer to make castable or printable electrode inks. By tuning the ratios of these components in a series of inks, we have observed the effect each parameter had on the resulting rheological, electrochemical, and mechanical properties. Once properly balanced, free-standing electrodes of three common Li-ion battery active materials (i.e., lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)) were prepared, each demonstrating excellent cyclability and rate capability. Finally, electrodes were successfully patterned using a direct ink writing method, and a fully-printed, working electrode plus separator electrode assembly were developed. C1 [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Blake, Aaron J.; Hardin, James O.; Carmona, Eric A.; Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer; Maruyama, Benji; Berrigan, J. Daniel; Durstock, Michael F.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Hardin, James O.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Blake, Aaron J.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Carmona, Eric A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kohlmeyer, RR; Durstock, MF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Kohlmeyer, RR (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA.; Kohlmeyer, RR (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ryan.kohlmeyer.ctr@us.af.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil FU National Research Council FX R. R. K. and J. C.-N. thank the National Research Council for the Postdoctoral Fellowships. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 43 BP 16856 EP 16864 DI 10.1039/c6ta07610f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EC1PL UT WOS:000387878700012 ER PT J AU Peng, R Sonner, Z Hauke, A Wilder, E Kasting, J Gaillard, T Swaille, D Sherman, F Mao, X Hagen, J Murdock, R Heikenfeld, J AF Peng, R. Sonner, Z. Hauke, A. Wilder, E. Kasting, J. Gaillard, T. Swaille, D. Sherman, F. Mao, X. Hagen, J. Murdock, R. Heikenfeld, J. TI A new oil/membrane approach for integrated sweat sampling and sensing: sample volumes reduced from mu L's to nL's and reduction of analyte contamination from skin SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID PERSPIRATION; SENSOR AB Wearable sweat biosensensing technology has dominantly relied on techniques which place planar-sensors or fluid-capture materials directly onto the skin surface. This 'on-skin' approach can result in sample volumes in the mu L regime, due to the roughness of skin and/or due to the presence of hair. Not only does this increase the required sampling time to 10's of minutes or more, but it also increases the time that sweat spends on skin and therefore increases the amount of analyte contamination coming from the skin surface. Reported here is a first demonstration of a new paradigm in sweat sampling and sensing, where sample volumes are reduced from the mu L's to nL's regime, and where analyte contamination from skin is reduced or even eliminated. A micro-porous membrane is constructed such that it is porous to sweat only. To complete a working device, first placed onto skin is a cosmetic-grade oil, secondly this membrane, and thirdly the sensors. As a result, spreading of sweat is isolated to only regions above the sweat glands before it reaches the sensors. Best case sampling intervals are on the order of several minutes, and the majority of hydrophilic (low oil solubility) contaminants from the skin surface are blocked. In vitro validation of this new approach is performed with an improved artificial skin including human hair. In vivo tests show strikingly consistent results, and reveal that the oil/membrane is robust enough to even allow horizontal sliding of a sensor. C1 [Peng, R.] Univ Shanghai Sci & Tech, Sch Opt Elect & Comp Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Peng, R.; Sonner, Z.; Hauke, A.; Heikenfeld, J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Novel Devices Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Wilder, E.; Kasting, J.] Univ Cincinnati, Winkle Coll Pharm, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Gaillard, T.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Nursing, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Swaille, D.; Sherman, F.; Mao, X.] P&G Corp, Tech Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Swaille, D.; Sherman, F.; Mao, X.] P&G Corp, Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hagen, J.; Murdock, R.] Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heikenfeld, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Novel Devices Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM heikenjc@ucmail.uc.edu FU Air Force Research Labs Award [USAF, FA8650-15-C-6625]; NSF EPDT Award [1608275]; National Science Foundation CADMIM IUCRC (UC Irvine, Univ. Cincinnati) FX The authors acknowledge support from both the Air Force Research Labs Award #USAF contract # FA8650-15-C-6625 and from NSF EPDT Award #1608275. This work also builds on foundational work supported by the National Science Foundation CADMIM IUCRC (UC Irvine, Univ. Cincinnati). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2016 VL 16 IS 22 BP 4415 EP 4423 DI 10.1039/c6lc01013j PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC1KZ UT WOS:000387865000016 PM 27752680 ER PT S AU Du, F Dai, QB Dai, LM Zhang, QH Reitz, T Elston, L AF Du, Feng Dai, Quanbin Dai, Liming Zhang, Qiuhong Reitz, Thomas Elston, Levi BE Li, Q TI Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage SO NANOMATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; METAL-FREE ELECTROCATALYSTS; IONIC LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; BATTERIES; LITHIUM; SUPERCAPACITORS; NITROGEN AB Vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) have a large surface area, high electronic conductivity and electrochemical accessibility, and mechanical/chemical/electrochemical stability. These unique properties make VA-CNTs promising electrode materials for energy conversion and storage devices, including fuel cells, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors. This chapter provides an overview on recent development of VA-CNT electrodes with and without heteroatom-doping for efficient energy conversion and storage by summarizing our work on the discovery of nitrogen-doped VA-CNTs as a highly active cathode for ORR in fuel cells, vertically aligned nitrogen doped coral-like carbon fiber arrays (VA-NCCFs) as a high-performance air cathode in Li-air batteries, as well as VA-CNTs and their 3D derivatives as porous electrodes in high-performance Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. C1 [Du, Feng; Dai, Quanbin; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Adv Sci & Engn Carbon Case4Carbon, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Zhang, Qiuhong; Reitz, Thomas; Elston, Levi] WPAFB, AFRL, Fairborn, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Adv Sci & Engn Carbon Case4Carbon, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.; Elston, L (reprint author), WPAFB, AFRL, Fairborn, OH 45433 USA. EM liming.dai@case.edu; levi.elston@us.af.mil NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-319-32023-6; 978-3-319-32021-2 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2016 BP 253 EP 270 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-32023-6_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-32023-6 PG 18 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BF8AR UT WOS:000384676600008 ER PT S AU Barrett, DA Borntrager, LA Green, DM AF Barrett, Donald A. Borntrager, Luke A. Green, David M. BE Suresh, R TI Blue Guardian An Open Architecture for Rapid ISR Demonstration SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE/OPEN BUSINESS MODEL NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS AND DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Open Architecture/Open Business Model Net-Centric Systems and Defense Transformation CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE open architecture; open mission systems; sensor integration; AFRL AB Throughout the Department of Defense (DoD), acquisition, platform integration, and life cycle costs for weapons systems have continued to rise. Although Open Architecture (OA) interface standards are one of the primary methods being used to reduce these costs, the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office (AFRCO) has extended the OA concept and chartered the Open Mission System (OMS) initiative with industry to develop and demonstrate a consensus-based, non-proprietary, OA standard for integrating subsystems and services into airborne platforms. The new OMS standard provides the capability to decouple vendor-specific sensors, payloads, and service implementations from platform-specific architectures and is still in the early stages of maturation and demonstration. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) -Sensors Directorate has developed the Blue Guardian program to demonstrate advanced sensing technology utilizing open architectures in operationally relevant environments. Over the past year, Blue Guardian has developed a platform architecture using the Air Force's OMS reference architecture and conducted a ground and flight test program of multiple payload combinations. Systems tested included a vendor-unique variety of Full Motion Video (FMV) systems, a Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) system, a multi-mode radar system, processing and database functions, multiple decompression algorithms, multiple communications systems, and a suite of software tools. Initial results of the Blue Guardian program show the promise of OA to DoD acquisitions, especially for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) payload applications. Specifically, the OMS reference architecture was extremely useful in reducing the cost and time required for integrating new systems. C1 [Barrett, Donald A.] USAF, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Barrett, Donald A.; Borntrager, Luke A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate AFRL RY, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Green, David M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst UDRI, Sensor APEX Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Barrett, DA (reprint author), USAF, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.; Barrett, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate AFRL RY, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0090-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9849 AR 98490G DI 10.1117/12.2229365 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BF6UN UT WOS:000383735100009 ER PT S AU Collier, CP Lipkin, I Davidson, SA Dirner, J AF Collier, Charles Patrick Lipkin, Ilya Davidson, Steven A. Dirner, Jason BE Suresh, R TI Sensor Open System Architecture (SOSA) SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE/OPEN BUSINESS MODEL NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS AND DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Open Architecture/Open Business Model Net-Centric Systems and Defense Transformation CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Open Architecture; Radar; SIGINT; EO/IR; EW; Hardware; Software; Mechanical AB The Sensor Open System Architecture (SOSA) is a C4ISR-focused technical and economic collaborative effort between the Air Force, Navy, Army, the Department of Defense (DoD), Industry, and other Governmental agencies to develop (and incorporate) technical Open Systems Architecture standards in order to maximize C4ISR sub-system, system, and platform affordability, re-configurability, overall performance, and hardware/software/firmware re-use. The SOSA effort will effectively create an operational and technical framework for the integration of disparate payloads into C4ISR systems; with a focus on the development of a functional decomposition for common multi-purpose backbone architecture for radar, EO/IR, SIGINT, EW, and communications modalities. SOSA addresses hardware, software, and mechanical/electrical interfaces. The functional decomposition will produce a set of re-useable components, interfaces, and sub-systems that engender re-usable capabilities. This, in effect, creates a realistic and affordable ecosystem enabling mission effectiveness through systematic re-use of all available re-composed hardware, software, and electrical/mechanical base components and interfaces. C1 [Collier, Charles Patrick] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lipkin, Ilya] Air Force Life Cycle Management Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Davidson, Steven A.] Raytheon Co, Waltham, MA USA. [Dirner, Jason] US Army RDECOM CERDEC I2WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Collier, CP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0090-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9849 AR 984903 DI 10.1117/12.2225069 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BF6UN UT WOS:000383735100002 ER PT S AU DiPadua, M Dalton, G AF DiPadua, Mark Dalton, George BE Suresh, R TI Agile Manufacturing for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) (88 ABW Public Affairs Clearance: 88ABW-2016-2154) SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE/OPEN BUSINESS MODEL NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS AND DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Open Architecture/Open Business Model Net-Centric Systems and Defense Transformation CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Multi-Int; Agile Manufacturing; Digital Thread; Open Systems; AgilePod (TM) AB The objective of the Agile Manufacturing for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (AM-ISR) effort is to research, develop, design and build a prototype multi-intelligence (multi-INT), reconfigurable pod demonstrating benefits of agile manufacturing and a modular open systems approach (MOSA) to make podded intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capability more affordable and operationally flexible. C1 [DiPadua, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Elect & Sensors Branch, 2977 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dalton, George] KEYW Corp, 1415 Res Pk Dr, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP DiPadua, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Elect & Sensors Branch, 2977 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0090-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9849 AR 984904 DI 10.1117/12.2229360 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BF6UN UT WOS:000383735100003 ER PT S AU Lyke, J AF Lyke, James BE Suresh, R TI A REST-ful interpretation for embedded modular systems based on open architecture SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE/OPEN BUSINESS MODEL NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS AND DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Open Architecture/Open Business Model Net-Centric Systems and Defense Transformation CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE internet of things; modular; open systems architecture; plug-and-play; REST API AB The much-anticipated revolution of the "Internet of things" (IoT) is expected to generate one trillion internet devices within the next 15 years, mostly in the form of simple wireless sensor devices. While this revolution promises to transform silicon markets and drive a number of disruptive changes in society, it is also the case that the protocols, complexity, and security issues of extremely large dynamic, co-mingled networks is still poorly understood. Furthermore, embedded system developers, to include military and aerospace users, have largely ignored the potential (good and bound) of the cloudlike, possibly intermingling networks having variable structure to how future systems might be engineered. In this paper, we consider a new interpretation of IoT inspired modular architecture strategies involving the representational state transfer (REST) model, in which dynamic networks with variable structure employ stateless application programming interface (API) concepts. The power of the method, which extends concepts originally developed for space plug-and-play avionics, is that it allows for the fluid co-mingling of hardware and software in networks whose structure can overlap and evolve. Paradoxically, these systems may have the most stringent determinism and fault-tolerant needs. In this paper we review how RESTful APIs can potentially be used to design, create, test, and deploy systems rapidly while addressing security and referential integrity even when the nodes of many systems might physically co-mingle. We will also explore ways to take advantage of the RESTful paradigm for fault tolerance and what extensions might be necessary to deal with high-performance and determinism. C1 [Lyke, James] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyke, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0090-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9849 AR 984909 DI 10.1117/12.2229363 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BF6UN UT WOS:000383735100004 ER PT J AU Aref, MA Machuzak, S Jayaweera, SK Lane, S AF Aref, Mohamed A. Machuzak, Stephen Jayaweera, Sudharman K. Lane, Steven GP IEEE TI Replicated Q-learning Based Sub-band Selection for Wideband Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios SO 2016 IEEE/CIC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS IN CHINA (ICCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops) CY JUL 27-29, 2016 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, CIC DE Cognitive radios; wide-band spectrum scanning; sub-band selection; partially observable Markov decision processes; Q-learning; replicated Q-learning ID CHANNEL AB Spectrum sensing is a key basic function in any wideband cognitive radio (CR) for detecting the presence of any spectral activities. However, due to hardware constraints, the instantaneous sensing bandwidth is limited to a single sub-band out of all sub-bands in the spectrum of interest. Hence, sub-band selection is an important step in wideband spectrum sensing. In this paper we develop a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) to model the sub-band dynamics and propose an efficient sub-band selection policy based on replicated Q-learning. It is shown through simulations that the proposed selection policy has reasonably low computational complexity and significantly outperforms the random sub-band selection policy. C1 [Aref, Mohamed A.; Machuzak, Stephen; Jayaweera, Sudharman K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CISL, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lane, Steven] US Air Force, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Aref, MA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CISL, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM maref@unm.edu; smachuzak29@unm.edu; jayaweera@unm.edu; steven.lane.1@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG1CT UT WOS:000386661200018 ER PT S AU Hackett, S Albrecht, AR Yang, Z Cederberg, JG Sheik-Bahae, M McGraw, JT Johnson, RL Richey, JW AF Hackett, Shawn Albrecht, Alexander R. Yang, Zhou Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor McGraw, John T. Johnson, Robert L. Richey, Jeff W. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Development of vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) for use as monochromatic and polychromatic sodium guidestars SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE tip tilt laser guidestar; polychromatic guidestar; sodium guidestar; Starfire Optical Range; VECSEL; OPSL guidestar; VECSEL guidestar ID 20 W; POWER AB The work of Pique showed that multiple guidestars emitting at 1140 nm and 589 nm simultaneously could be utilized to correct for Tip and Tilt aberrations [1]. Such a guidestar is hence known as a PLGS (Polychromatic Laser Guidestar). However, no current high power (>5W) narrow bandwidth (<1GHz) laser source exist for 1140 nm emission. A Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL) is shown with high power >12W and narrow bandwidth emission which has been successfully used to pump the sodium 3P(3/2) to 4S(1/2) sodium transition as a proof of concept for the development of a CW PLGS system. C1 [Hackett, Shawn; Johnson, Robert L.; Richey, Jeff W.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, SOR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Albrecht, Alexander R.; Yang, Zhou; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor; McGraw, John T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Hackett, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, SOR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM shawn.hackett.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99095R DI 10.1117/12.2239240 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700164 ER PT S AU Psiaki, ML Weisman, RM Jah, MK AF Psiaki, Mark L. Weisman, Ryan M. Jah, Moriba K. BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI GAUSSIAN MIXTURE APPROXIMATION OF THE BEARINGS-ONLY INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION LIKELIHOOD FUNCTION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB A method is developed to approximate the bearings-only orbit determination likelihood function using a Gaussian mixture to incorporate information about an admissible region. The resulting probability density function can provide the a priori information for a Gaussian mixture orbit determination filter. The new technique starts with a nonlinear batch least-squares solution. The solution enforces soft constraints on an admissible region defined in terms of minimum periapsis and maximum apoapsis. This admissible region information can compensate for poor observability from a short arc of bearings-only data. Although this soft constrained solution lies in or near the admissible region, it does not characterize that region well. It provides a starting point to develop a Gaussian mixture approximation of the batch least-squares likelihood function as modified through multiplication by a finite-support function that is zero outside the admissible region and equal to one in that region. This Gaussian mixture is optimized to fit the resulting probability density in the 2-dimensional subspace of position/velocity space that has the most uncertainty. This optimal fitting allows the Gaussian mixture to use a low number of mixands while fitting the finite-support probability density function well. By approximating the product of a finite-support function and the original likelihood function, the new method gains the capability to transition smoothly between regimes where the admissibility constraints dominate, i.e., high-altitude/short-measurement-arc cases, and those where they are irrelevant, i.e., low-altitude/long-measurement-arc cases. C1 [Psiaki, Mark L.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 224 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Weisman, Ryan M.; Jah, Moriba K.] US Air Force, Guidance Nav & Controls Grp, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Psiaki, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 224 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 111 EP 134 PN I-IV PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700006 ER PT S AU Roscoe, CWT Hussein, II Wilkins, MP Schumacher, PW AF Roscoe, Christopher W. T. Hussein, Islam I. Wilkins, Matthew P. Schumacher, Paul W., Jr. BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI THE PROBABILISTIC ADMISSIBLE REGION WITH ADDITIONAL CONSTRAINTS SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION; OBJECTS AB The admissible region is defined as the set of physically acceptable orbits (i.e., orbits with negative energies). Given additional constraints on orbital semimajor axis, eccentricity, etc., the admissible region is further constrained, resulting in the constrained admissible region (CAR). Based on known statistics of the measurement process, the hard constraints are replaced by a probabilistic representation. This results in the probabilistic admissible region (PAR), which can be used for orbit initiation in Bayesian tracking. Additional constraints are incorporated, by considering some given statistics over inclination and right ascension of the ascending node. This results in a four-dimensional PAR distribution. Noting that the concepts presented are general and can be applied to any measurement scenario, the idea is illustrated using a short-arc, angles-only observation scenario. C1 [Roscoe, Christopher W. T.; Hussein, Islam I.; Wilkins, Matthew P.] Appl Def Solut Inc, 10440 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Schumacher, Paul W., Jr.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Roscoe, CWT (reprint author), Appl Def Solut Inc, 10440 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 135 EP 148 PN I-IV PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700007 ER PT S AU Hussein, II Roscoe, CWT Wilkins, MP Schumacher, PW AF Hussein, Islam I. Roscoe, Christopher W. T. Wilkins, Matthew P. Schumacher, Paul W., Jr. BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI TRACK-TO-TRACK ASSOCIATION USING INFORMATION THEORETIC CRITERIA SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB There are three primary types of data association problems of interest in space surveillance: the observation-to-track association (OTTA) problem, the track-to track association (TTTA) problem, and the observation-to-observation association (OTOA) problem. In this paper, we build on recent work to further investigate the use of information theoretic criteria to solve the TTTA problem, in which we have multiple uncorrelated tracks (UCTs) to be tested for association against a given set of tracks given at a different (usually previous) time instance. Both the tracks and the UCTs are uncertain and are probabilistically described using multivariate normal distributions. This allows for a closed-form solution based on the unscented transform and on information divergence for Gaussian distributions. We will establish relationship to the covariance-based track association (CBTA) technique and compare the performance of the two methods in Monte Carlo simulations. C1 [Hussein, Islam I.; Roscoe, Christopher W. T.; Wilkins, Matthew P.] Appl Def Solut Inc, 10440 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Schumacher, Paul W., Jr.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Hussein, II (reprint author), Appl Def Solut Inc, 10440 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 600, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 203 EP 212 PN I-IV PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700010 ER PT S AU Murphy, TS Holzinger, MJ Fiewelling, B AF Murphy, Timothy S. Holzinger, Marcus J. Fiewelling, Brien BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI ORBIT DETERMINATION FOR PARTIALLY UNDERSTOOD OBJECT VIA MATCHED FILTER BANK SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB With knowledge of a space object's orbit, the matched filter is an image processing technique which allows low signal-to-noise ratio objects to be detected. Many space situational awareness research efforts have looked at ways to characterize the probability density function of a partially understood space object. When prior knowledge is only constrained to a probability density function, many matched filter templates could be representative of the space object, necessitating a bank of matched filters. This paper develops the measurement dissimilarity metric which is then applied to partition a general prior set of orbits. A method for hypothesis testing the result of a matched filter for a space object is developed. Finally, a framework for orbit determination based on the matched filter result is developed. Simulation shows that the analytic results enable more efficient computation and a better framework for implementing matched filters. C1 [Murphy, Timothy S.; Holzinger, Marcus J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Guggenheim Sch Aerosp Engn, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fiewelling, Brien] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Murphy, TS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Guggenheim Sch Aerosp Engn, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 341 EP 360 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700019 ER PT S AU Moyer, EJ Weisman, RM Majji, M AF Moyer, Eamonn J. Weisman, Ryan M. Majji, Manoranjan BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI SENSOR BIAS ESTIMATION AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION STRATEGIES FOR SPACE OBJECT TRACKING SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID ORBIT DETERMINATION AB Measurements from any given sensor are corrupted by noise and are biased. The problems of estimation and uncertainty quantification of sensor biases are investigated in this paper. Several approaches to these problems are explored, and their success in the mitigation of bias is investigated. Filtering without compensating for bias, augmented filtering, and consider filtering approaches are studied and their results are compared. In addition, smoothing results are presented. The approaches have their own merits and drawbacks, and their pros and cons are discussed within and recommendations are made as to when to use which approach. Statistical consistency checks are provided to show when the filter is not performing as desired. The focus of this paper is on estimating biases that are assumed to be constant, but biases with a time varying structure can be accommodated if a sampling rate higher than the Nyquist frequency is available. C1 [Moyer, Eamonn J.; Majji, Manoranjan] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Weisman, Ryan M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Guidance Nav & Controls Grp, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Moyer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 441 EP 456 PN I-IV PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700025 ER PT S AU Perez, A Lovell, TA Geller, DK AF Perez, Alex Lovell, T. Alan Geller, David K. BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI APPLICATIONS OF RELATIVE SATELLITE MOTION MODELING USING CURVILINEAR COORDINATE FRAMES SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB This paper compares various satellite relative motion solutions previously derived via nonlinear transformations from a curvilinear coordinate frame to a Cartesian frame. The solutions can be compared by creating difference contour plots that show the difference of the maximum position error between two solutions. These contours show regions where one solution has more accuracy over another solution according to the varying parameters used to create the difference contours. A relative maneuver targeting algorithm based on Lambert's problem is developed using a cylindrical coordinate frame and compared with known Cartesian and second order relative motion maneuver targeting algorithms. The utility of formulating the relative maneuver targeting problem is shown and contour plots are created that show the maneuvering miss distance calculated by varying relevant relative motion parameters. C1 [Perez, Alex; Geller, David K.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Perez, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 973 EP 994 PN I-IV PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700056 ER PT S AU Richie, DJ Smets, M Le Roy, JC Hychko, M Rizoud, JR AF Richie, David J. Smets, Maxime Le Roy, Jean-Christophe Hychko, Michael Rizoud, Jean-Remy BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI SATELLITE MAGNETISM: TORQUE RODS FOR EYASSAT(3) ATTITUDE CONTROL SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Often considered only for satellite reaction wheel desaturation, when employed correctly, torque rods are an effective, independent means of satellite pointing control: both on orbit and in the classroom. In fact, the US Air Force Academy has recently developed a CubeSat classroom demonstrator known as EyasSat(3), complete with reaction wheels, light detecting photo-resistors, a magnetometer, and three-axis magnetic torque rods as well as several other attitude control sensor and actuator systems. Previous papers have investigated these EyasSat(3) systems, but none, including the contractor through its provided documentation, have focused on the EyasSat(3) predicted and demonstrated torque rod performance with and without the one-axis Helmholtz cage, an effective method to control the background magnetic field in laboratory (thus classroom) conditions. hi this work, spacecraft attitude dynamics, magnetic field dynamics, and magnetic actuation fundamental principles, torque rod and Helmholtz cage hardware sizing, and the resulting EyasSat(3) performance are presented. The benefits are wide reaching as this simple, yet effective demonstration technique gives tomorrow's leaders, including Academy cadets, a hands-on learning experience that will shape their mastery of key attitude control principles. C1 [Richie, David J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Smets, Maxime; Le Roy, Jean-Christophe] Ecole Air, Salon De Provence, France. [Hychko, Michael] US Air Force Acad, 351 Kearney Blvd, Goodfellow Afb, TX 76908 USA. [Rizoud, Jean-Remy] Ecole Air, USAF Acad Engn & Sci Exchange Program, Salon De Provence, France. RP Richie, DJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 2123 EP 2142 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700124 ER PT S AU Kester, BW Phernetton, R Saravanan, A Noel, LWS Richie, DJ AF Kester, Brian W. Phernetton, Richard Saravanan, A. Noel, Lim Wei Shen Richie, David J. BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI INCORPORATING ANGULAR RATE SENSORS FOR DERIVATIVE CONTROL OF AN EDUCATIONAL CUBESAT SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The United States Air Force Academy's EyasSat(3) is a low cost platform aimed at providing students with hands-on experience in satellite subsystem design as a part of an integrated space systems engineering curriculum. In previous work a single-axis controller was developed for EyasSat(3) using photocell sensors and reaction wheels to orient the spacecraft toward a light source and follow it, but transient response to a step input yielded poor overshoot performance. One method for improving transient response is by providing derivative feedback and direct derivative feedback can be obtained via an angular rate sensor. When initially employed on EyasSat(3), the angular rate sensors provided unreliable measurements and needed to be characterized and corrected. This paper outlines the basic implementation of the single-axis controller and describes the efforts to correct the on-board angular rate sensors, culminating in a software solution to the problem. The single axis controller provides a baseline for future 3-axis control design and provides critical sensor and actuator characterizations to be used in upcoming control strategies. C1 [Kester, Brian W.; Richie, David J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Phernetton, Richard] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Saravanan, A.; Noel, Lim Wei Shen] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Block S2-1,50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Kester, BW (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 2181 EP 2188 PN I-IV PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700127 ER PT S AU Butcher, EA Lovell, TA AF Butcher, Eric A. Lovell, T. Alan BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI NONLINEAR REDUCED ORDER DYNAMICS OF SPACECRAFT RELATIVE MOTION FOR A CIRCULAR CHIEF ORBIT SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID REDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB Nonlinear reduced order models are obtained for spacecraft relative motion in the case of circular chief orbits. First, a nonlinear third order extension of the CWH equations is obtained and a modal transformation is employed that de couples the linear dynamics. Then two techniques, linear-based order reduction and the methodology of nonlinear normal modes, are employed to obtain nonlinear reduced models corresponding to the three modes of the CWH equations. The resulting nonlinear models extend linear modal analysis of the CWH equations to the nonlinear regime valid for larger separation distances and allow for a geometric characterization of the nonlinear dynamics of relative motion. C1 [Butcher, Eric A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Butcher, EA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ebutcher@email.arizona.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 3505 EP 3524 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700204 ER PT S AU Wang, JW Butcher, EA Lovell, TA AF Wang, Jingwei Butcher, Eric A. Lovell, T. Alan BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI USE OF NONLINEARITIES FOR INCREASED OBSERVABILITY IN RELATIVE ORBIT ESTIMATION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID NAVIGATION; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, the effects of incorporating nonlinearities in sequential relative orbit estimation are studied for a chief spacecraft in a circular orbit, assuming either range or line-of-sight measurement of the deputy from the chief. The relative motion models used in an extended Kalman filter can be categorized into four cases: first order (HCW equation), second order, third order and full nonlinear. Observability is studied analytically using Lie derivatives and numerically with the observability index and condition number obtained from employing an extended Kalman filter. The results highlight the improving benefits of using higher order nonlinear Models. C1 [Wang, Jingwei; Butcher, Eric A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jwwang@email.arizona.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 3525 EP 3544 PN I-IV PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700205 ER PT S AU Hebert, LM Sinclair, AJ Lovell, TA AF Hebert, Laura M. Sinclair, Andrew J. Lovell, T. Alan BE Majji, M Turner, JD Wawrzyniak, GG Cerven, WT TI SINGULAR MANEUVERS IN ANGLES-ONLY INITIAL RELATIVE-ORBIT DETERMINATION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL Vail, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID NAVIGATION AB A maneuver performed by either the chief or deputy spacecraft can provide observability in relative-orbit determination using angles-only measurements and linear, Cartesian dynamics model. This paper, however, presents solutions for maneuvers that result in singular measurement equations and therefore do not provide full-state observability. The singular maneuvers produce changes in the relative position that are proportional to the expected line of sight, and thus produce no changes in the measurements. Additionally, the solution covariance and bias in the presence of noisy measurements is analyzed. This analysis provides insight into desirable maneuvers that improve the accuracy of the initial relative orbit determination. C1 [Hebert, Laura M.; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Hebert, LM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-629-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 156 BP 4259 EP 4271 PN I-IV PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG2OP UT WOS:000387517700246 ER PT S AU Anderson, ML Anderson, ML Sanders, A AF Anderson, Michael L. Anderson, Mark L. Sanders, Adam BE Jansen, AJ TI An innovative hangboard design to improve finger strength in rock climbers SO ENGINEERING OF SPORT 11 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) CY JUL 11-14, 2016 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS DE rock climbing; rock climbing training; hangboard; rock prodigy; rock prodigy forge ID PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE AB In elite rock climbing, finger strength is critical, and is directly related to performance. A hangboard, composed of sets of artificial climbing grips to hang from, is often used by climbers to improve their finger strength. While some research has studied training protocols for climbing, virtually no published research exists addressing the specific enhancement of training equipment to improve training effectiveness. Here we seek to show that hangboard design, especially novel features included in the Rock Prodigy Forge hangboard increases the effectiveness of hangboard training. Recently, this hangboard was developed through an iterative process leveraging modern CAD/CAM techniques. This enabled design engineers to optimize the hangboard for improved training benefit and reduced injuries. As a result, several innovative features were added to the design including: (a) equation-driven grip edge profiles, (b) drafted pockets, (c) novel grip designs, (d) improved grip geometry, and (e) improved texture, among other features. The Forge was tested by experienced climbers, and 92% assessed it as more effective than other training tools, with 91% of users able to train harder without fear of injury relative to other training methods, and 86% reporting improved climbing performance. This is a significant and unique result for the sport of climbing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Michael L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Anderson, Mark L.] Def Contract Management Agcy, 12999 Deer Creek Rd, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. [Sanders, Adam] Great Trango Holdings Inc, 790 S Pierce Ave 15, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM michael.anderson@usafa.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2016 VL 147 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.276 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BG2LS UT WOS:000387454000046 ER PT S AU Pocock, J Steckler, C Hanzalova, B AF Pocock, James Steckler, Carey Hanzalova, Barbora BE Chong, O Parrish, K Tang, P Grau, D Chang, J TI Improving Socially Sustainable Design and Construction in Developing Countries SO ICSDEC 2016 - INTEGRATING DATA SCIENCE, CONSTRUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction (ICSDEC) CY MAY 18-20, 2016 CL Arizona State Univ, Coll Avenue Commons, Tempe, AZ SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers Architectural Engn Inst HO Arizona State Univ, Coll Avenue Commons DE Social Sustainability; Developing Countries; Community Engagement; Culturally Appropriate Design & Construction AB Many construction projects in developing countries are unsustainable. Whether built by multi-national companies, non-government organizations (NGO's) or a deployed military force, projects are too often beyond the capabilities of local populations to build, operate, maintain or even relate to culturally. This paper examines definitions of sustainability, sustainability rating systems, lessons learned from unsustainable projects and sustainable construction research. Projects are often unsustainable in the developing world because the social aspect of sustainability is not fully considered. The authors examine case studies from a variety of organizations to illustrate best practices in socially sustainable projects. This paper considers how architects, engineers, builders, owners and communities in developing countries can best apply social sustainability to find appropriate design and construction solutions that maximize life-cycle project success. To that end, the authors recommend applying these social sustainability processes to projects in the developing world: 1. Secure land in a way that is legal and sensitive to local culture 2. Engage the community in the entire life cycle of the project 3. Design with sensitivity to the local culture 4. Design for maximum efficiency of limited water supplies 5. Design locally sustainable systems for energy and thermal comfort 6. Design for the safety of the occupants by incorporating local codes while acknowledging international standards 7. Design projects that can be safely constructed by the local population (given training opportunities) 8. Build using locally understood construction methods 9. Build with locally sustainable and affordable materials C1 [Pocock, James] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Env Engr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Steckler, Carey] Engn Minist Int, Kampala, Uganda. [Hanzalova, Barbora] Colorado Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Pocock, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Env Engr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM james.pocock@usafa.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2016 VL 145 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.076 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BG2OQ UT WOS:000387531600037 ER PT S AU Berke, R Chona, R Ding, A Lambros, J Patterson, E Sebastian, C AF Berke, Ryan Chona, Ravinder Ding, Arthur Lambros, John Patterson, Eann Sebastian, Christopher BE DeClerck, J Epp, DS TI Stereo-DIC Measurements of Thermal Gradient Effects on the Vibratory Response of Metals SO ROTATING MACHINERY, HYBRID TEST METHODS, VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND LASER VIBROMETRY, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Stereo digital image correlation; High temperature measurement; Thermo-acoustic loading; Induction heating; Image decomposition analysis ID SOLID MECHANICS MODELS; VALIDATION AB Thermomechanical problems have been much less studied than their room temperature counterparts as challenges arise both with metrology and with interpretation of results. This effort aims to shrink this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of thermal effects on the high frequency vibratory response of metals. The present study concentrates on how an inhomogeneous temperature field (max. 600 degrees C) affects the vibratory response, and specifically mode shapes and resonant frequencies, of a vibrating plate. A plate made of a nickel-based superalloy, Hastelloy X, was heated by induction heating and the temperature distribution was estimated by measuring the out-of-plane curvature resulting form heating. Harmonic vibratory loading at frequencies exceeding 1 kHz was applied using a programmable shaker. Stereo-vision digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) was used to obtain a full-field representation of the vibrating plate. An image decomposition analysis technique based on Tchebichef polynomials was used to compare room and high temperature mode shapes. Results indicate that there is a small influence of temperature on resonant frequencies, even though mode shapes remain similar between room and high temperature vibration. C1 [Berke, Ryan] Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill,Room 419P, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Chona, Ravinder] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 2130 Eighth St,Bldg 45,Rm 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ding, Arthur; Lambros, John] Univ Illinois, Aerosp Engn, 104 S,Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Patterson, Eann; Sebastian, Christopher] Univ Liverpool, Ctr Mat & Struct, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RP Lambros, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Aerosp Engn, 104 S,Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lambros@illinois.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-30084-9; 978-3-319-30083-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG2KR UT WOS:000387431500004 ER PT J AU Kalyanam, K Casbeer, DW Pachter, M AF Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy Casbeer, David W. Pachter, Meir TI PURSUIT OF A MOVING TARGET WITH KNOWN CONSTANT SPEED ON A DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPH UNDER PARTIAL INFORMATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE pursuit-evasion; partial information; dynamic game; dual control; directed acyclic graph ID SENSOR NETWORKS; GAME AB We consider the optimal control of a "blind" pursuer searching for an evader moving on a road network with fixed speed toward a set of goal locations. To aid the pursuer and provide feedback information, certain roads in the network have been instrumented with unattended ground sensors (UGSs) that detect the evader's motion. When the pursuer arrives at an instrumented node, the UGS therein informs the pursuer whether and when the evader visited that node. The pursuer is also made aware of the evader's speed. Moreover, the embedded graph comprised of the UGSs as vertices and connecting roads as edges is restricted to being a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The pursuer's motion is not restricted to the road network. In addition, the pursuer can choose to wait/loiter for an arbitrary time at any UGS location/node. At time 0, the evader's entry into the road network is registered at UGS 1, the entry node to the graph. The pursuer also arrives at the entry node after some delay d and is thus informed about the presence of the intruder/evader in the network, whereupon the chase is on the pursuer is tasked with capturing the evader. Capture entails the pursuer and evader being co-located at an UGS location. If this happens, the UGS is triggered, and this information is instantaneously relayed to the pursuer, thereby enabling capture. On the other hand, if the evader reaches one of the exit nodes of the graph without being captured, he is deemed to have escaped. We provide an algorithm that computes the maximum initial delay d for which capture is guaranteed. The algorithm also returns the corresponding optimal pursuit policy. C1 [Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy] InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Casbeer, DW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.casbeer@us.af.mil; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 EI 1095-7138 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 2259 EP 2273 DI 10.1137/140994216 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA EB4EU UT WOS:000387323500002 ER PT S AU Linker, JA Caplan, RM Downs, C Lionello, R Riley, P Mikic, Z Henney, CJ Arge, CN Kim, T Pogorelov, N AF Linker, Jon A. Caplan, Ronald M. Downs, Cooper Lionello, Roberto Riley, Pete Mikic, Zoran Henney, Carl J. Arge, Charles N. Kim, Tae Pogorelov, Nikolai GP IOP TI An Empirically Driven Time-Dependent Model of the Solar Wind SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS: ASTRONUM-2015 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows (ASTRONUM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Avignon, FRANCE SP French Alternat Energies & Atom Energy Commiss, Maison Simulat HO Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX TRANSPORT MODEL; OPEN MAGNETIC-FLUX; WHOLE SUN MONTH; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MHD MODEL; FIELDS; LATITUDE; SPEED; WAVES AB We describe the development and application of a time-dependent model of the solar wind. The model is empirically driven, starting from magnetic maps created with the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport (ADAPT) model at a daily cadence. Potential field solutions are used to model the coronal magnetic field, and an empirical specification is used to develop boundary conditions for an MHD model of the solar wind. The time-dependent MHD simulation shows classic features of stream structure in the interplanetary medium that are seen in steady-state models; it also shows time evolutionary features that do not appear in a steady-state approach. The model results compare reasonably well with 1 AU OMNI observations. Data gaps when SOLIS magnetograms were unavailable hinder the model performance. The reasonable comparisons with observations suggest that this modeling approach is suitable for driving long term models of the outer heliosphere. Improvements to the ingestion of magnetograms in flux transport models will be necessary to apply this approach in a time-dependent space weather model. C1 [Linker, Jon A.; Caplan, Ronald M.; Downs, Cooper; Lionello, Roberto; Riley, Pete; Mikic, Zoran] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Henney, Carl J.; Arge, Charles N.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kim, Tae; Pogorelov, Nikolai] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Linker, JA (reprint author), Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM linkerj@predsci.com; caplanr@predsci.com; cdowns@predsci.com; lionel@predsci.com; pete@predsci.com; mikicz@predsci.com; cjhenney@gmail.com; afrl.rvb.pa@kirtland.af.mil; tkk0023@uah.edu; np0002@uah.edu OI Riley, Pete/0000-0002-1859-456X; Kim, Tae/0000-0003-0764-9569 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 719 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/719/1/012012 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG1AG UT WOS:000386617200012 ER PT J AU Murray, CS AF Murray, Colin S. GP IEEE TI Classifying Virtual Machine Managers by Overhead SO 2016 46TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (DSN-W) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc AB Even though Virtual Machine Managers (VMMs) are meant to be transparent, a program may still need to know what VMM is virtualizing their environment. Developers may want to ensure their software only works in particular virtual environments, and users may want to know whether they are the victim of some virtualization-based rootkit. Various methods have been developed for programs to discover whether or not they are executing inside a virtual machine (VM), but current methods for identifying specific VMMs rely entirely on basic heuristics. This work presents a methodology for identifying VMMs based on their usage of shared resources. It has the potential to identify VMMs to the extent that they have unique shared resource usage profiles. A prototype implementation is presented that collects testing routines from existing work on VMM detection and CPU side-channel attacks. Each routine takes a measurement that is sensitive to a VMM's use of some shared resource. Results are presented that show it is possible to observe differences between several VMMs and even between some versions of the same VMM. C1 [Murray, Colin S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murray, CS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8891-7 PY 2016 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1109/DSN-W.2016.25 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0XL UT WOS:000386564300014 ER PT J AU Musselman, RL Vedral, JL AF Musselman, Randall L. Vedral, James L. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Coherent Power Combiner SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE DE Power Combiner; MIMO; coherent phase combining; liquid crystal AB This paper summarizes advances in liquid-crystal technology for use as tunable phase-delay lines. The amount of phase delay through the liquid crystal is adaptively tuned, in order to coherently combine two signals, regardless of their phase differences. By adaptively adjusting the phase delays in the two signal paths, maximum coherent power combining is ensured. This ability to coherently combine the power of two signals regardless of their initial phase differences can greatly simplify antenna-diversity techniques used in MIMO applications. C1 [Musselman, Randall L.; Vedral, James L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Musselman, RL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100003 ER PT J AU Vedral, JL Musselman, RL Camley, R AF Vedral, James L. Musselman, Randall L. Camley, Robert GP IEEE TI Millimeter Wave Tunable Wide Band Gap Filter SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE AB A novel tunable band gap filter for use in the microwave and millimeter wave domain is presented. The device is based on the use of liquid crystal in resonant cells. Simulations are presented showing the tunable range and bandgap bandwidth. C1 [Vedral, James L.; Musselman, Randall L.] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Camley, Robert] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys & Energy Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Vedral, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100146 ER PT J AU Vedral, JL Musselman, RL Pinchuk, AO AF Vedral, James L. Musselman, Randall L. Pinchuk, Anatoliy O. GP IEEE TI Exploiting Inhomogeneity in Metamaterials for Radome Application SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE DE metamaterial; radome; inhomogeneity AB Simulations and measurements showed that the insertion loss and material parameters of extended S-shaped sprit-ring resonators (ESRR) change nonlinearly as a function of material thickness. This property is exploited by choosing the number of metamaterial cell layer that achieves a refraction index near one. C1 [Vedral, James L.; Musselman, Randall L.] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pinchuk, Anatoliy O.] Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Vedral, JL (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100051 ER PT J AU Braden, P AF Braden, Paul GP IEEE TI Fatigue Damage Detection for Advanced Military Aircraft Structures SO 2016 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Non-Destructive Inspection; Fatigue ID COMPOSITES; DESIGN; REPAIR AB Modern military aircraft are evolving into more sophisticated structures, with exotic new materials and stealthy designs. But in all of the advances, what is the implication for overhaul procedures and tooling? Looking at implementation of new technologies employed by the Air Force for the repair of aging F-16's, A-10's, KC-135's and C-130's, we can see how the new fleet of F-35's, F-22's and KC-46's will face certain unexpected challenges that deserve proper review and analysis. One primary concern is the widespread use of composite skins on the wings of fighter planes. There are several key advantages but few manufacturers have understood the complications from repairing these materials. For instance, on the F-16, the horizontal tail is made of carbon fiber riveted to aluminum subsurface. Besides the difficulties in finding the fractures, there are relatively few repair procedures for mitigating these problems like there are in classic sheet metal work. In this presentation, we analyze the most recent advances to address the overhaul concerns arising from composite skins in military aircraft. A cost analysis is presented to show the various reasons why composite skins may cause a headache for the military as the technology of detection and repair tries to catch up to these advanced new materials. Some computations will also be performed to show the reduction in strength over time for carbon fiber composites as compared to 7475 series aluminum. Simulations that focus on the growth of expected cracks that may escape NDI will be presented to show the difference in damage and fatigue life between the two materials and how current inspections will need to be improved to solve this difficult problem. C1 [Braden, Paul] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Braden, P (reprint author), US Air Force, San Antonio, TX USA. EM Paul.braden.5@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0789-9 PY 2016 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1HF UT WOS:000386738000027 ER PT J AU DeCato, SAC AF DeCato, Seth A. C. GP IEEE TI Increasing the Security on Non-Networked Ground Support Equipment Analyzing the Implementation of Whitelisting Protection SO 2016 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Ground Support Equipment; Whitelist; Blacklist; Malware; Computer Security AB Within the United States Air Force (USAF), dedicated non-networked computer systems are used to maintain aircraft electronic systems. Traditional security practices like anti-virus (AV) software have been used to protect the maintenance equipment from malware and exploitation by adversaries. Malware sophistication and prevalence from well financed digital adversaries is rising. New layers of digital security must be applied to these computer systems so that both maintenance equipment and aircraft are protected. This paper will focus on implementing application whitelisting software (AWS). C1 [DeCato, Seth A. C.] 309 Software Maintenance Grp, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP DeCato, SAC (reprint author), 309 Software Maintenance Grp, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. EM seth.decato@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0789-9 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1HF UT WOS:000386738000062 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TCC Ung, T Reimann, M Rawlings, S Holmquist, H Robinson, A AF Nguyen, Tran-Chau C. Ung, Ty Reimann, Mark Rawlings, Scott Holmquist, Heather Robinson, Alexander GP IEEE TI Scalable and Adaptive Design Test System for Ground-based to Airborne Platforms SO 2016 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE ATE; Test Program Sets; COTS; Interface Test Adapters; automation; test station; scalable; adaptive; agility AB This paper focuses on the scalable and adaptive design of building a test system to support multiple United States Air Force (USAF) systems while preserving the legacy capabilities (requirements) and initial investments (software/hardware) of those systems. From the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Minuteman (MM) III Ground-Based Launch Control Support System (LCSS) such as the Ground Minuteman Automatic Test System (GMATS) to the ICBM MM III telemetry wafer processing effort like the Radio Frequency Test Set (RFTS) to airborne projects such as the F-16 Radar Transmitter Test System (RTTS) to the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) hardware testing for the F-16 Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP), each of these systems required a unique test station with specific hardware and, customized Test Executive Interface (TEI) and software programming languages to accomplish its tasks. Due to the rapid obsolescence of hardware and additional requirements from the end customers, the new replacement test system for current systems as GMATS/RFTS/RTTS/CCIP must have the adaptive capability in its hardware design, and agility, along with flexibility in its software design, to satisfy the requirements for the above systems and be architecturally scalable for other systems in the future with minimal impact to the legacy hardware interface adapters and software architecture to be cost effective, manageable and successful over the next 20+ years in a typical Department of Defense (DoD) weapon system. C1 [Nguyen, Tran-Chau C.; Ung, Ty; Reimann, Mark; Rawlings, Scott; Holmquist, Heather; Robinson, Alexander] 309th Software Maintenance Grp SMXG, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Nguyen, TCC (reprint author), 309th Software Maintenance Grp SMXG, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0789-9 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1HF UT WOS:000386738000015 ER PT J AU Ung, T Nguyen, TC Vuu, L Barrus, B Reimann, M Archibald, S Rawlings, S Tuft, J Dam, J Barber, G Owen, K Homquist, H Stenquist, M Sithivong, M McKinlay, S AF Ung, Ty Tran-Chau Nguyen Vuu, Lan Barrus, Brad Reimann, Mark Archibald, Steve Rawlings, Scott Tuft, Jason Dam, Jack Barber, George Owen, Kim Homquist, Heather Stenquist, Mike Sithivong, Mano McKinlay, Sharon GP IEEE TI Radio Frequency Test Set: An Ethernet-Based RF ATE System Designed to Test a Minuteman Telemetry Wafer SO 2016 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE ATE; Ethernet-based; Test Executive; Test Program Set AB The LGM-30G Minuteman III Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) System is facing legacy test system that are becoming difficult to sustain. For instance, the Test Set Group, Electronic System (ESTSG) is a test set approaching end-of-life. The ESTSG is comprised of outdated test instruments, and test operation is manually controlled. The Radio Frequency Test Set (RFTS) is a test system developed to replace the ESTSG to system fit and function. A major RFTS function is to increase test automation of the Telemetry Wafer (TW) checkout at the system, and subsystem levels. This function inherently lead to decrease test time, increase reliability, and reduce sustainment cost. RFTS is designed as an expandable Ethernet-based test system that performs DC and RF test. This paper gives an overview of the RFTS design using the widespread Ethernetbased architecture for the Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). C1 [Ung, Ty; Tran-Chau Nguyen; Vuu, Lan; Barrus, Brad; Reimann, Mark; Archibald, Steve; Rawlings, Scott; Tuft, Jason; Dam, Jack; Barber, George; Owen, Kim; Homquist, Heather; Stenquist, Mike; Sithivong, Mano; McKinlay, Sharon] 309th Software Maintenance Grp, 516 SMXS MXDPF, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Ung, T (reprint author), 309th Software Maintenance Grp, 516 SMXS MXDPF, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0789-9 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1HF UT WOS:000386738000069 ER PT J AU Mixon, DG Villar, S Ward, R AF Mixon, Dustin G. Villar, Soledad Ward, Rachel GP IEEE TI Clustering subgaussian mixtures with k-means SO 2016 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP (ITW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW) CY SEP 11-14, 2016 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP IEEE AB We introduce a model-free, parameter-free relaxand-round algorithm for k-means clustering, based on a semidefinite programming relaxation (SDP) due to Peng and Wei [1]. The algorithm interprets the SDP output as a denoised version of the original data and then rounds this output to a hard clustering. We analyze the performance of this algorithm in the setting where the data is drawn from a subgaussian mixture model. We also study the fundamental limits of estimating subgaussian centers with k-means clustering in order to compare our approximation guarantee to the theoretically optimal k-means clustering solution. In particular, our guarantee has no dependence on the number of points, and for equidistant clusters with O (k) separation, our guarantee is optimal up to a factor of k. C1 [Mixon, Dustin G.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Villar, Soledad; Ward, Rachel] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Mixon, DG (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM dustin.mixon@afit.edu; mvillar@math.utexas.edu; rward@math.utexas.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1090-5 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1CD UT WOS:000386639100043 ER PT J AU Heitzenrater, C King-Lacroix, J Simpson, A AF Heitzenrater, Chad King-Lacroix, Justin Simpson, Andrew GP IEEE TI Motivating Security Engineering with Economics: A Utility Function Approach SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY COMPANION (QRS-C 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C) CY AUG 01-03, 2016 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Reliabil Soc, UT DALLAS, Microsoft, SBA Res, TU Graz ID REQUIREMENTS; VULNERABILITIES; INTERNET; THINGS AB Establishing the correct mix of functionality and security is key to developing resilient systems; an imbalance will result in system failure, either in system objective or at the hands of an adversary. We present a methodology for reasoning about secure design using economic expressions. We employ Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) devices and the IEEE 802.15.4 specification to demonstrate how a utility-based representation can be used to analyse these competing concerns, leading to designs that can be optimised to meet resiliency objectives. C1 [Heitzenrater, Chad] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Heitzenrater, Chad; King-Lacroix, Justin; Simpson, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Wolfson Bldg,Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QD, England. RP Heitzenrater, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA.; Heitzenrater, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Wolfson Bldg,Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QD, England. EM chad.heitzenrater@cs.ox.ac.uk; justin.king-lacroix@cs.ox.ac.uk; andrew.simpson@cs.ox.ac.uk NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-5090-3713-1 PY 2016 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1109/QRS-C.2016.54 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG1AW UT WOS:000386627300052 ER PT J AU Shukla, RK Evans, DR Haase, W AF Shukla, R. K. Evans, D. R. Haase, W. TI Ferroelectric BaTiO3 and LiNbO3 nanoparticles dispersed in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures: Electrooptic and dielectric parameters influenced by properties of the host, the dopant and the measuring cell SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectric liquid crystals; solid state ferroelectrics; FLC-nanocomposites; surface phenomena ID NANOCOLLOIDS; THICKNESS; BEHAVIOR AB Harvested ferroelectric nanoparticles of BaTiO3 and LiNbO3 were dispersed in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (FLCs) with very high spontaneous polarization (Ps). The electrooptic and dielectric parameters were documented. The dipoles of ferroelectric nanoparticles and those of FLCs are partially cancelled in an antiparallel manner. The role of cell parameters like thickness of the Nylon 6 polymer layer and the change in preparation of the polymer layer due to different mechanical rubbing cycles has been described for one high-Ps FLC and for high-Ps FLC/BaTiO3 nanocolloids. Cell properties depend strongly on anchoring forces which might interact with dipoles both from ferroelectric nanoparticles and high-Ps FLCs. C1 [Shukla, R. K.; Haase, W.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Eduard Zintl Inst Anorgan & Phys Chem, Darmstadt, Germany. [Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Shukla, R. K.] DIT Univ, Dept Phys, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India. RP Haase, W (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Eduard Zintl Inst Anorgan & Phys Chem, Darmstadt, Germany. EM haase@chemie.tu-darmstadt.de NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2016 VL 500 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1080/00150193.2016.1215206 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA EA2YS UT WOS:000386464100014 ER PT S AU Wigle, JC Castellanos, CC AF Wigle, Jeffrey C. Castellanos, Cherry C. BE Hamblin, MR Carroll, JD Arany, P TI In vitro measurements of oxygen consumption rates in hTERT-RPE cells exposed to low levels of red light SO MECHANISMS OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION THERAPY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy XI CY FEB 13-14, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Photobiomodulation; in vitro; human retinal pigment epithelium cells; oxygen consumption rate; nitric oxide ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; BIPHASIC DOSE-RESPONSE; LASER THERAPY; TISSUE-REPAIR; PHOTOBIOMODULATION; INHIBITION; MECHANISMS; RADIATION AB Exposure to 2.88 J/cm(2) of red light induces an adaptive response against a lethal pulse of 2.0 mu m laser radiation in hTERT-RPE cells in vitro, but not in a knockdown mutant for vascular endothelial growth factor c (VEGF-C). The generally accepted initiation sequence for photobiomodulation is that absorption of red light by cytochome c oxidase (CCOX) of the electron transport chain increases the binding affinity of CCOX for O-2 vs. nitric oxide (NO). This results in displacement of NO by O-2 in the active site of CCOX, thereby increasing cellular respiration and intracellular ATP. We've previously reported that red-light exposure induces a small, but consistently reproducible, increase in NO levels in these cells. But the relative importance of NO and oxidative phosphorylation is unclear because little is known about the relative contributions of NO and ATP to the response. However, if NO dissociation from CCOX actually increases oxidative phosphorylation, one should see a corresponding increase in oxygen consumption. A Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in normal and mutant cells as a proxy for oxidative phosphorylation. Both basal respiration and maximum respiration rates in normal cells are significantly higher than in the mutant. The normal cells have a significant amount of "excess capacity," whereas the VEGF-C(KD) have little or none. The OCR in exposed normal cells is lower than in unexposed cells when measured immediately after exposure. The exposures used for these experiments had no effect on the OCR in mutant cells. C1 [Wigle, Jeffrey C.; Castellanos, Cherry C.] US Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Human Performance Wing 711,Opt Radiat Branch, 4141 Petr Rd, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wigle, JC (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Human Performance Wing 711,Opt Radiat Branch, 4141 Petr Rd, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jeffrey.wigle@us.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-929-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9695 AR 96950A DI 10.1117/12.2210738 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Physics GA BF6RK UT WOS:000383612500006 ER PT J AU Grogg, MW Braydich-Stolle, LK Maurer-Gardner, EI Hill, NT Sakaram, S Kadakia, MP Hussain, SM AF Grogg, Matthew W. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Maurer-Gardner, Elizabeth I. Hill, Natasha T. Sakaram, Suraj Kadakia, Madhavi P. Hussain, Saber M. TI Modulation of miRNA-155 alters manganese nanoparticle-induced inflammatory response SO TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IN-VITRO EXPOSURE; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; INDUCED PARKINSONISM; MICRORNA EXPRESSION; NONCODING RNAS; TARGETS; OXIDE; IMMUNE; CELLS AB Regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), is increasingly being examined in a variety of disciplines. Here we evaluated changes in miRNA expression following metallic nanoparticle (NP) exposure in a mouse neuronal co-culture model. Exposure to manganese (Mn) NPs resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation, and toxicity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) following an 8 h exposure to Mn NPs (low and high doses) revealed several miRNA candidates that modulate NP induced responses. The lead candidate identified was miR-155, which showed a dose dependent decrease in expression upon Mn exposure. Introduction of a miR-155 mimic into the co-culture to restore miR-155 expression completely abrogated the Mn NP-induced gene and protein expression of inflammatory markers TNF-alpha and IL-6. Taken together, this study is the first report where global NP-induced miRNA expression changes were used to identify and then modulate negative impacts of metallic NP exposure in a neuronal model. These findings demonstrate that unique miRNA expression profiles provide novel targets for manipulating gene and protein expression, and therefore provide the potential of modifying cellular responses to NP exposure. C1 [Grogg, Matthew W.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Maurer-Gardner, Elizabeth I.; Hussain, Saber M.] AFRL, Bioeffects Div, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Airman Syst Directorate, 711 HPW RHDJ, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Hill, Natasha T.; Sakaram, Suraj; Kadakia, Madhavi P.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), AFRL, Bioeffects Div, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Airman Syst Directorate, 711 HPW RHDJ, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR [13RH03COR]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Henry M. Jackson Foundation FX This work was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR 13RH03COR. M. W. G was funded through a postdoctoral fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, and L. B.-S. and E. I. M.-G. received funding from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2045-452X EI 2045-4538 J9 TOXICOL RES-UK JI Toxicol. Res. PY 2016 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1743 DI 10.1039/c6tx00208k PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EB0DJ UT WOS:000387013300023 ER PT S AU Hooser, M Sturdevant, R Nacita, I AF Hooser, Mike Sturdevant, Reese Nacita, Isaac GP IEEE TI Performance Characterization of the Holloman 120 '' Centrifuge SO 2016 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INERTIAL SENSORS AND SYSTEMS SE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems CY FEB 22-25, 2016 CL Laguna Beach, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council, Coventor, Systron Donner Inertial, KVH, Innalabs, Mems Journal AB The 746th Test Squadron at Holloman AFB, New Mexico completed an extensive characterization effort to determine the ability of the 120-inch radius centrifuge to provide precise centripetal accelerations to an item under test. The characterization of the radius growth revealed a well behaved system. The observed hysteresis reinforced the use of in-situ monitoring during tests. The distinct differences in the stabilities indicated by the fiber optic unit and the one degree pulses provided by the centrifuge control system drove further analysis of the measurement techniques. This paper presents the test methods, results and limitations of the characterization, highlighting differences obtained through two techniques to measure rate stability, and identifying avenues to improve characterization. C1 [Hooser, Mike] ALS, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. [Sturdevant, Reese; Nacita, Isaac] 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Hooser, M (reprint author), ALS, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. EM michael.hooser.1.ctr@us.af.mil; reese.sturdevant@us.af.mil; isaac.nacita@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2377-3464 BN 978-1-4673-6939-8 J9 INT SYMP INERT SENSO PY 2016 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0KP UT WOS:000386312200037 ER PT J AU Jordan, NM Greening, GB Exelby, SC Gilgenbach, RM Lau, YY Hoff, BW AF Jordan, Nicholas M. Greening, Geoffrey B. Exelby, Steven C. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Lau, Y. Y. Hoff, Brad W. GP IEEE TI Additively Manufactured Anodes in a Relativistic Planar Magnetron SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE additive manufacturing; 3-D printing; HPM; high power microwave; recirculating planar magnetron; magnetron; electroplating; thermal spray AB Recent experiments on the UM Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM), have explored the use of 3-D printed components in a HPM system. The system was driven by MELBA-C, a Marx-Abramyan system which delivers a -300 kV voltage pulse for 0.3-1.0 us, with a 0.13-0.31 T axial magnetic field applied by a pair of electromagnets. Anode blocks were printed from Water Shed XC 11122 photopolymer using a stereolithography process, and prepared with either a spray-coated or electroplated finish. Both manufacturing processes were compared against baseline data for a machined aluminum anode, demonstrating improvements in pulsed magnetic field penetration, while maintaining similar performance for power output, oscillation frequency, and mode stability. Residual gas analysis indicated similar outgassing behavior, with a higher incidence of gas spikes for the plastic anodes. With over 100 shots on each 3-D printed structure, there was no evidence of beam-induced degradation. C1 [Jordan, Nicholas M.; Greening, Geoffrey B.; Exelby, Steven C.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Plasma Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Electromagnet Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Jordan, NM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Plasma Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jordann@umich.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700092 ER PT J AU Simon, DH Lau, YY Greening, G Wong, P Hoff, BW Gilgenbach, RM AF Simon, David H. Lau, Y. Y. Greening, Geoff Wong, Patrick Hoff, Brad W. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. GP IEEE TI Stability of Brillouin Flow in Slow-Wave Structures SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE magnetron; Brillouin flow; negative mass instability AB The Brillouin flow is the dominant flow in crossed-field devices. We systematically study its stability in conventional, planar, and inverted magnetron. We find that the negative mass effect in the inverted magnetron tends to destabilize the planar flow, and that the positive mass effect in the conventional magnetron tends to stabilize the planar flow. We find that the presence of a slow-wave structure, which is customarily ignored in prior studies, greatly changes the stability of the Brillouin flow. C1 [Simon, David H.; Lau, Y. Y.; Greening, Geoff; Wong, Patrick; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirkland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Simon, DH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700072 ER PT J AU Wong, P Chernin, D Zhang, P Dong, CF Lau, YY Hoff, BW Simon, DH Greening, G Gilgenbach, RM AF Wong, Patrick Chernin, David Zhang, Peng Dong, C. F. Lau, Y. Y. Hoff, Brad W. Simon, David. H. Greening, Geoff Gilgenbach, Ronald M. GP IEEE TI Harmonic Generation Under Small Signal Conditions in a Traveling Wave Tube SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE TWT; harmonic generation; nonlinearity AB In a klystron, charge overtaking of electrons leads to an infinity of AC current. The harmonic content therein can be calculated exactly, with or without space charge effects. This paper extends the klystron theory to a traveling wave tube (TWT). We assume that the electron motion is described by linear theory. The crowding of these linear orbits may lead to harmonic generation, as in a klystron. We calculate the buildup of harmonic content as a function of distance from the input, and compare these analytic results with the CHRISTINE code. Reasonable agreement was found. A dimensionless "bunching parameter" for TWT, X = root 2P(in) / (PbC), is identified, which characterizes the harmonic content in the AC current, where Pin is the power of the input signal, P-b is the DC beam power, and C is Pierce's gain parameter. C1 [Wong, Patrick; Zhang, Peng; Lau, Y. Y.; Simon, David. H.; Greening, Geoff; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chernin, David] Leidos Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Dong, C. F.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yylau@umich.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700069 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Hung, D Lau, YY Chernin, D Hoff, B Wong, P Simon, DH Gilgenbach, RM AF Zhang, Peng Hung, Derek Lau, Yue Ying Chernin, David Hoff, Brad Wong, Patrick Simon, David H. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. GP IEEE TI Absolute Instability Near TWT Band Edges SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE TWT; oscillation; absolute instability; Smith-Purcell radiation AB Using the Briggs-Bers criterion, we find that the lower band edge of linear beam TWTs is not subjected to absolute instability. At the upper band edge, we find a threshold beam current beyond which absolute instability is excited. In general, an absolute instability would occur in a linear beam tube if the cold-tube circuit dispersion curve in the frequency-wavenumber (omega-k) plane is locally convex and would not occur if the cold-circuit dispersion curve is locally concave, whenever the group velocity of the circuit mode is in the same direction as the beam mode. These results are used to examine the recent studies on the start current of a Smith-Purcell source. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Lau, Yue Ying; Wong, Patrick; Simon, David H.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hung, Derek] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ USA. [Chernin, David] Leidos Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Hoff, Brad] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yylau@umich.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700090 ER PT S AU Hassanien, A Amin, MG Zhang, YD Ahmad, F Himed, B AF Hassanien, Aboulnasr Amin, Moeness G. Zhang, Yimin D. Ahmad, Fauzia Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Non-Coherent PSK-Based Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID MIMO RADAR; DOA ESTIMATION; INTERFERENCE MITIGATION; DESIGN AB Dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems enable information embedding into the radar signal emission. Existing methods for non-coherent phase-modulation DFRC employ multiple pairs of orthogonal waveforms and embed one communication symbol into each pair. The total number of symbols is equal to one-half of the number of waveforms. In this paper, we propose a new signaling strategy for embedding a higher number of communication symbols. The proposed method implements non-coherent phase-shift keying (PSK) by employing one of the orthogonal waveforms as a common reference and modulating the information in terms of the phase differences between all other waveforms and the reference waveform. The number of communication symbols that can be embedded equals the total number of waveforms minus one. We introduce two schemes for achieving a desired phase constellation. The proposed approach is shown to achieve a two-fold increase in the data rate compared to existing methods for a large number of waveforms. C1 [Hassanien, Aboulnasr; Amin, Moeness G.; Ahmad, Fauzia] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Zhang, Yimin D.] Temple Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, RF Technol Branch, Res Lab, AFRL RYMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hassanien, A (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM aboulnasr.hassanien@villanova.edu; moeness.amin@villanova.edu; ydzhang@temple.edu; fauzia.ahmad@villanova.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800004 ER PT S AU Hersey, RK Culpepper, E AF Hersey, Ryan K. Culpepper, Edwin GP IEEE TI Radar Processing Architecture for Simultaneous SAR, GMTI, ATR, and Tracking SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE radar; signal processing; SAR; GMTI; ATR; tracking AB Combined synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar modes simultaneously generate SAR and GMTI products from the same radar data. Furthermore, the SAR and GMTI data products can be further exploited for target signature extractions, automatic target recognition (ATR), and feature-aided tracking. This hybrid mode provides the benefit of fused imaging and moving target displays along with enhanced target recognition and ground target tracking. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Gotcha radar has collected wideband-width, multi-channel data that can be utilized for these hybrid mode applications. This paper presents a processing architecture for simultaneous SAR, GMTI, ATR, and tracking, and includes the results of applying this processing to the AFRL Gotcha data. C1 [Hersey, Ryan K.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, Edwin] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hersey, RK (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800014 ER PT S AU Harnett, L McCormick, PM Blunt, SD Metcalf, JG AF Harnett, Lumumba McCormick, Patrick M. Blunt, Shannon D. Metcalf, Justin G. GP IEEE TI Multi-Window Post-Doppler Dimensionality Reduction for Multi-Waveform STAP SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE GMTI; STAP; SIMO radar AB A multi-waveform version of space-time adaptive processing, denoted as MuW-STAP (or mu-STAP), was recently developed as a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) emission scheme that incorporates training data generated by multiple secondary filters into the estimation of the sample covariance matrix. This integration of additional training data was found to increase robustness to non-homogeneous clutter because the secondary filters serve to "homogenize" the interference in range. Here we incorporate mu-STAP into multi-window post-Doppler STAP (specifically PRI-Staggered and Adjacent-Bin implementations) to assess the impact when dimensionality reduction techniques are employed. SINR analysis was used to evaluate the performance of these reduced dimension mu-STAP formulations under various simulated clutter conditions. C1 [Harnett, Lumumba; McCormick, Patrick M.; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Metcalf, Justin G.] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Harnett, L (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800018 ER PT S AU Zhu, ZH Kay, S Cogun, F Raghavan, RS AF Zhu, Zhenghan Kay, Steven Cogun, Fuat Raghavan, R. S. GP IEEE TI On Detection of Nonstationarity in Radar Signal Processing SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE Covariance Matrix; Nonstationarity; Space-time adaptive processing; Generalized likelihood Ratio Test; Rao Test ID HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; PERFORMANCE; STAP AB Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) has become a leading technique in airborne radar signal processing. The optimality of the STAP assumes the stationarity of the covariance matrices. In practice, however, the covariance matrices may be nonstationary. If such nonstationarity is not detected and not well treated, the STAP system's performance decreases substantially. In this paper, we present two detectors for detecting the covariance matrix nonstationarity. We form the first detector based on generalized likelihood ratio test, which inherits the property of asymptotically optimal detection performance. A second detector employs Rao test and requires significantly less computation than the first detector, which can be the favorable choice when computation load is of concern to the signal processing system. C1 [Zhu, Zhenghan; Kay, Steven; Cogun, Fuat] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Raghavan, R. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhu, ZH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM zzhu@ele.uri.edu; kay@ele.uri.edu; fcogun@ele.uri.edu; ramachan-dran.raghavan@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800021 ER PT S AU Scott, KM Dabrowski, TR Barott, WC Himed, B AF Scott, Kevin M. Dabrowski, Ted R. Barott, William C. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Site Planning and Illuminator Variability for DTV-Based Passive Radar SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID SIGNAL AB This paper compares results of a simulation study and experimental measurement campaign designed to evaluate the performance of a DTV-based passive radar. The simulations considered a tower-mounted receiver in Springfield, Ohio, and predicted the accuracy of localizing airborne targets using the illuminations of regional transmitters. The predicted coverage area was found to vary with the selection of the propagation loss model used by the simulator. Supporting experiments at the site did not favor any particular model, but showed 10 dB variations in both the direct path and clutter over several hours. These results illustrate the need to accurately model tropospheric radio propagation in passive radar performance predictions. C1 [Scott, Kevin M.; Dabrowski, Ted R.; Barott, William C.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Scott, KM (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 144 EP 148 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800028 ER PT S AU Bruna, MA Bing, KF Minges, M AF Bruna, Marsal A. Bing, Kristin F. Minges, Mark GP IEEE TI Cramer-Rao Lower Bound Assessment When Using Bistatic Clutter Mitigation Techniques SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE Cramer-Rao lower bound; space-time adaptive processing; bistatic clutter mitigation ID RADAR AB This paper describes a new method to compare the effectiveness of bistatic clutter mitigation techniques. A combination of a high-fidelity simulation and Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) is used to determine angle, velocity, and range estimation accuracies. This approach allows the assessment of bistatic clutter mitigation techniques over a wide area in a computationally efficient manner, rather than at a restricted number of specific locations. It enables the development of a trade space analysis; i.e., parameters of the bistatic configuration are varied and the effectiveness of the techniques compared. Estimation accuracies are evaluated herein for a specific configuration in which bistatic and conventional space time adaptive processing (STAP) is applied. Then, the bistatic angle of the configuration is varied and the effectiveness of the STAP techniques compared. C1 [Bruna, Marsal A.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Smyrna, GA 30701 USA. [Minges, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bruna, MA (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Smyrna, GA 30701 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800031 ER PT S AU Buchenroth, A Rigling, B Chakravarthy, V AF Buchenroth, Anthony Rigling, Brian Chakravarthy, Vasu GP IEEE TI Ambiguity-Based Classification of Phase Modulated Radar Waveforms SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID RECOGNITION AB Accurate classification or recognition of phase modulated radar waveforms, typically accomplished via the combination of pulse parameter estimates and matched filtering, poses a simple problem in ideal conditions. In less than ideal conditions, carrier frequency, time offset, pulse amplitude, initial phase, and bandwidth are unknown to the electronic warfare (EW) receiver rendering the application of a matched filter futile. Recognition of these waveforms is critical in various spectrum management, surveillance, and EW applications. This effort investigates the use of features extracted from the ambiguity function (AF) of an intercepted pulse. Specifically, this effort will expand upon the methodology of previous work done which uses the autocorrelation as a basis for extracting features. To test the efficacy of this work, extensive Monte Carlo testing employed. Simulation results prove that the methodology implemented herein achieves an overall correct classification rate of about 90% at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -2 dB on data similar to the training data. C1 [Buchenroth, Anthony] Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buchenroth, A (reprint author), Booz Allen Hamilton, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. EM buchenroth_anthony@bah.com; brian.rigling@wright.edu; vasu.chakravarthy@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800072 ER PT S AU Chen, H Himed, B AF Chen, Hao Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI ANALYZING AND IMPROVING MIMO RADAR DETECTION PERFORMANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF CYBERSECURITY ATTACKS SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID DIVERSITY AB A distributed MIMO radar system consists of multiple transmitters, receivers, and a fusion center where the final target detection decision is made. It has previously been shown that a distributed MIMO radar offers improved performance compared with a conventional radar system due to the increased system diversity and degrees of freedom. However, as a complicated distributed system, it is vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks against its three key components: the transmitters, the receivers, and the communication links that connect them and the fusion center. In this paper, we investigate the impact of cybersecurity attacks on detection performance of a distributed MIMO radar. We show that the target detection performance degrades very significantly if the MIMO radar is not aware of the attacks. To mitigate the attacks, we develop robust detection schemes which can greatly improve detection performance when the radar is under attack. C1 [Chen, Hao] Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM haochen@boisestate.edu; braham.himed@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800115 ER PT S AU Lin, E Chen, CIH Liou, LL Lin, DM AF Lin, Ethan Chen, Chien-In Henry Liou, Lihyeh L. Lin, David M. GP IEEE TI Detection and Sensitivity Analysis of Compressed Sensing Electronic RF Receiver SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE compressed sensing; non-uniform sampling; pseudo-random code; orthogonal matching pursuit; parameter estimation; digital wideband receiver AB Compressed sensing (CS) technique has been applied in various areas of signal processing including RF signal processing. It is attractive due to its potential wideband coverage with reduced sampling rate. We conduct performance analysis of compressed sensing in receiver application. The compressed sensing uses two modulations and sampling schemes: non-uniform sampling (NUS), and Pseudo Random Code (PRC). Two algorithms are used to process the compressed signals: OMP (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit) and PE (Parameter Estimation). Signal's detection sensitivity is analyzed through probability density function and the detection threshold according to the predetermined false alarm rate. Methods to remedy issue caused by modulations are proposed, and the sensitivity simulation results are also presented. The comparison of the one-signal detection sensitivity using remedy version of OMP and PE on the NUS modulation schemes are also presented and discussed. Sensitivity analysis for variable measurement matrices is then presented. C1 [Lin, Ethan; Chen, Chien-In Henry] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Liou, Lihyeh L.; Lin, David M.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Components Div, RF EO Subsyst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, E (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 695 EP 700 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800134 ER PT S AU Li, KY Pillai, U Himed, B AF Li, Ke Yong Pillai, Unnikrishna Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Exploiting Temporal Proximity for Moving Target Identification Using Bistatic/Passive SAR SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE Bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Along track interferometry (ATI); Moving target geo-location; Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) AB Geo-locating moving targets using sequential imaging while exploiting their spatio-temporal proximity is addressed in this paper for bistatic Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) and Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scenes. The approach consists of three major steps (i) Synthetic Aperture Radar/Along-Track Interferometry (SAR/ATI) imaging for moving target detection; (ii) target velocity estimation from ATI phase, and (iii) exploiting spatio-temporal connectivity using sub-aperture outputs for target geo-locations. The bistatic OFDM is more problematic than the bistatic LFM case because of the poor detection performance due to the presence of dominant target sidelobes. The results are demonstrated for various moving target sets in moderate clutter. C1 [Li, Ke Yong] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Pillai, Unnikrishna] NYU, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Pillai, Unnikrishna] C&P Technol, Closter, NJ USA. [Himed, Braham] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Li, KY (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM kli@cptnj.corn NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 833 EP 838 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800162 ER PT S AU Geng, Z Deng, H Himed, B AF Geng, Zhe Deng, Hai Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Waveform Design for Coherent MIMO Radar Radiation Management and Transmit-Receive Beam Refocusing SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE MIMO radar; waveform design; transmit-receive beamforming AB In this paper, we propose a novel waveform design approach for coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar to make radar radiation management and transmit-receive beam refocusing at the radar receiver feasible. The transmitted waveforms are coded in the space domain to form a defocused transmit beam pattern for radiation management, and further in time domain to be orthogonal so that they can be separated and extracted through matched filtering at the radar receiver for transmit-receive beam refocusing processing. The proposed waveform design and beamforming approaches are validated through simulations. C1 [Geng, Zhe; Deng, Hai] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, RF Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Geng, Z (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM zgeng001@fiu.edu; hai.deng@fiu.edu; braham.himed@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 911 EP 915 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800177 ER PT S AU McCormick, PM Blunt, SD Metcalf, JG AF McCormick, Patrick M. Blunt, Shannon D. Metcalf, Justin G. GP IEEE TI Joint Spectrum/Beampattern Design of Wideband FM MIMO Radar Emissions SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE MIMO radar; beampattern design; waveform optimization ID WAVE-FORMS AB The co-design of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar waveforms and the associated beampattern is desirable to maximize transmitted power in directions of interest while still maintaining acceptable waveform correlation properties. While MIMO is an emerging technology in radar, one must also consider the stringent spectral requirements that are currently being imposed now and that may become even more stringent in the future. In this paper a MIMO optimization method based on alternating projections is introduced that optimizes, for a uniform linear array, the constant-modulus, continuous-time, element-level waveforms to produce a spectral shape in various desired spatial directions denoted "beams of interest". The resulting beampattern is directly related to these chosen " beams of interest". To address the physical nature of the MIMO emission, the energy stored in the invisible space (i.e. not radiated into the far-field) is considered. It is shown that this stored energy, which could damage the transmitter if operated at high power, can effectively be minimized by optimizing the beampattern based on the visible emission space. C1 [McCormick, Patrick M.; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Metcalf, Justin G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP McCormick, PM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 916 EP 921 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800178 ER PT S AU Metcalf, JG Sangston, KJ Rangaswamy, M Blunt, SD Himed, B AF Metcalf, Justin G. Sangston, K. James Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Blunt, Shannon D. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI A New Method of Generating Multivariate Weibull Distributed Data SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; RADAR CLUTTER AB In order to fully test detector frameworks, it is important to have representative simulated clutter data readily available. While measured clutter data has often been fit to the Weibull distribution, generation of simulated complex multivariate Weibull data with prescribed covariance structure has been a challenging problem. As the multivariate Weibull distribution is admissible as a spherically invariant random vector for a specific range of shape parameter values, it can be decomposed as the product of a modulating random variable and a complex Gaussian random vector. Here we use this representation to compare the traditional method of generating multivariate Weibull data using the Rejection Method to a new approximation of the modulating random variable that lends itself to efficient computer generation. C1 [Metcalf, Justin G.; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sangston, K. James] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Metcalf, JG (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 1162 EP 1167 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800225 ER PT S AU Jakabosky, J Blunt, SD Himed, B AF Jakabosky, John Blunt, Shannon D. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Spectral-Shape Optimized FM Noise Radar for Pulse Agility SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID WAVE-FORMS AB A non-repeating, spectrum-optimized FM waveform suitable for radar pulse agility is described. The waveform is an alternative manifestation of the recently developed pseudo-random optimized (PRO) FMCW framework for FM noise radar, now implemented in a pulsed form. Each pulsed FM waveform is iteratively optimized to match a spectrum shape with low range sidelobes and good spectral properties, while the random initialization for each waveform ensures sufficient diversity that the resulting optimized form is unique, thereby providing decoherence of range sidelobes. The performance of this pulse-agile structure is examined in simulation and subsequently demonstrated with measured results of static and moving targets. C1 [Jakabosky, John; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Jakabosky, John] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jakabosky, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.; Jakabosky, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 1215 EP 1220 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800236 ER PT S AU Aldayel, O Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Aldayel, Omar Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Tractable MIMO Beampattern Design Under Constant Modulus Waveform Constraint SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE MIMO radar; wideband beampattern; constant modulus; successive algorithm; SCF ID SIMILARITY CONSTRAINTS; RADAR; OPTIMIZATION; PATTERNS; ARRAYS AB Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar system allows each antenna element to transmit a different waveform. This waveform diversity can be utilized to enhance the beampattern design, in particular effective management of radar radiation power in directions of interest. In this paper, we address the problem of designing a beampattern for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar, which in turn is determined by the transmit waveform. While unconstrained design is straightforward, a key open challenge is enforcing the constant modulus constraint on the radar waveform. Existing beampattern design methods that address constant modulus invariably lead to a stiff trade-off between analytical tractability (achieved by relaxations and approximations) and realistic design that exactly achieves constant modulus but is computationally burdensome. A new approach is proposed in our work, which involves solving the hard non-convex problem of beampattern design using a sequence of convex Equality Constrained Quadratic Programs, each of which has a closed form solution. Constant modulus is achieved at convergence, which we prove formally is possible under mild and realistic assumptions. We evaluate the proposed successive closed forms (SCF) algorithm against state of the art MIMO beampattern design techniques and show that SCF breaks the trade-off between desirable performance and the associated computation cost. C1 [Aldayel, Omar; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Aldayel, O (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 1316 EP 1321 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800255 ER PT J AU Chen, T Li, Z Chen, JF Ge, W Liu, M Lu, YL AF Chen, Tong Li, Zhiang Chen, Jifang Ge, Wen Liu, Min Lu, Yalin TI Hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism of Aurivillius Bi5Fe0.9Co0.1Ti3O15 nanosheets SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; MULTIFERROICS; TEMPERATURE; CATALYSTS; CERAMICS; ARRAYS AB As potential single-phase multiferroic materials, Aurivillius compounds have attracted much interest in recent years. In this paper, Bi5Fe0.9Co0.1Ti3O15 (BFCTO) nanosheets were first synthesized by a hydrothermal method; lateral length and thickness of them are similar to 600 nm and similar to 100 nm, respectively. The BFCTO nanosheets were assumed to form by a co-effect of the aggregate process, the oriented attachment of neigh-boring nanorods, and Ostwald ripening. Besides, an obvious hysteresis loop with 2M(r) = similar to 0.55 emu g(-1) and 2H(c) = similar to 2600 Oe at 300 K was observed in the final products. Both dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss decrease with the increase of the frequency at room temperature. Our results could serve as guidance to realize a controllable synthesis of Aurivillius nanoparticles and will shed light on designing new nanodevices. C1 [Chen, Tong; Li, Zhiang; Chen, Jifang; Ge, Wen; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Liu, M; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Lu, YL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0400904]; External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences [211134KYSB20130017]; Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation [1408085QE84]; State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU [SKLSP201610]; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922001), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0400904), the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (211134KYSB20130017), Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1408085QE84), and the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (SKLSP201610). Dr Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2016 VL 18 IS 39 BP 7449 EP 7456 DI 10.1039/c6ce00436a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA DZ9QK UT WOS:000386213200007 ER PT J AU Austin, WC Thieme, M AF Austin, W. Chadwick Thieme, Michael TI Is the International Criminal Court Anti-African? SO PEACE REVIEW-A JOURNAL OF SOCIAL JUSTICE LA English DT Article C1 [Austin, W. Chadwick] US Air Force Acad, Law, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Austin, W. Chadwick; Thieme, Michael] US Air Force, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Thieme, Michael] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Austin, WC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Law, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.; Austin, WC (reprint author), US Air Force, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM Chad.Austin@usafa.edu; Michael.Thieme@usafa.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-2659 EI 1469-9982 J9 PEACE REV JI Peace Rev. PY 2016 VL 28 IS 3 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1080/10402659.2016.1201952 PG 9 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DZ9MK UT WOS:000386199300011 ER PT J AU Ravindran, K Wardei, Y Drager, S AF Ravindran, Kaliappa Wardei, Yassine Drager, Steven BE Chemouil, P Pattavina, A Gourdin, E Secci, S TI Assessment of QoS Adaptation Capability of Complex Network Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE DESIGN OF RELIABLE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (DRCN 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN) CY MAR 15-17, 2016 CL Paris, FRANCE AB The paper formulates methods to measure the trustworthiness of a network system.. under hostile environment conditions incident on S. How good is the system.. in meeting the QoS expectations of applications (i.e., the QoS capability of S) is quantitatively measured - say, on a [0, 1] scale. We employ model-based assessment tools (e.g., PO-MDP) to benchmark the QoS capability by stress-testing S with artificially injected external conditions. As a case study, we describe the model-based assessment of a CDN (content distribution network). The study focuses on the placement of content caching nodes in a distribution topology for optimal performance. Security and reliability of nodes are additional factors. The extent of domain knowledge needed in the assessment tools is also highlighted, with emphasis on their reusability in different network systems. C1 [Ravindran, Kaliappa; Wardei, Yassine] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Ravindran, Kaliappa; Wardei, Yassine] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Drager, Steven] Air Force Res Lab, Trusted & Resilient Syst Div, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ravindran, K (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10019 USA.; Ravindran, K (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10019 USA. EM ravi@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; ywardei00@citymail.cuny.edu; steven.drager@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8496-4 PY 2016 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0JL UT WOS:000386275100004 ER PT S AU Kelly, P Erwin, RS Bevilacqua, R Mazal, L AF Kelly, Patrick Erwin, Richard S. Bevilacqua, Riccardo Mazal, Leonel BE Chart, DA TI SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE APPLICATIONS ON GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID MISSION APPLICATIONS; SAIL; FORCE AB Taking advantage of the solar radiation pressure at geostationary orbits can provide a viable means of actuation for orbital control and can lead to propellantless satellite missions. Using only solar radiation pressure, it is possible to control the semi-major axis, eccentricity, inclination, or even perform satellite servicing missions. Utilizing attainably large solar sails, this paper will demonstrate possible methods for executing such maneuvers. C1 [Kelly, Patrick] Univ Florida, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Erwin, Richard S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate AFRL RV, Guidance Nav & Control Program, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bevilacqua, Riccardo; Mazal, Leonel] Univ Florida, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kelly, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100002 ER PT S AU Benhacine, L Harris, A Lovell, TA Sinclair, AJ AF Benhacine, Lylia Harris, Andrew Lovell, T. Alan Sinclair, Andrew J. BE Chart, DA TI A GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO SECOND-ORDER, CIRCULAR-REFERENCE SPACECRAFT RELATIVE MOTION SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB In studying spacecraft relative motion, linearized solutions have an advantage of simple geometry that can be intuitively visualized, but higher-order solutions have an advantage of improved accuracy. This paper presents an alternative approach to deriving these solutions using Carleman linearization. This approach provides insight into the nature of the solution via modal analysis. In particular, the no-drift condition is analyzed. Additionally, a geometric framework for analyzing the second-order solution is presented. The second-order solution is re parameterized to derive a set of second-order relative orbit elements defined in terms of the Cartesian states. This yields a 22-element set that encapsulates the motions predicted by the second-order solution in a geometric fashion. C1 [Benhacine, Lylia] West Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Harris, Andrew] SUNY Buffalo, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 318 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Benhacine, L (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100003 ER PT S AU Rundberg, C Lovell, TA AF Rundberg, Christian Lovell, T. Alan BE Chart, DA TI RELATIVE SPACECRAFT NAVIGATION VIA INTER-SATELLITE RANGE MEASUREMENTS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a novel range-based navigation system among a cluster of satellites. Determining the trajectory of one or more satellites in the cluster (referred to as deputies) relative to a reference satellite in the cluster (referred to as the chief) from only range measurements will be useful in missions where the satellites possess a communication link among them. This is essentially a relative orbit determination problem, whereby the relative position & velocity states of each deputy are to be estimated from the range measurements. This paper focuses on the initial relative orbit determination problem, whereby the trajectory is found that best fits the range measurements obtained, assuming a particular dynamic model. It is postulated that the Clohessy-Wiltshire relative motion solution may provide a feasible model for this purpose. Because this solution is closed-form, it may then be possible to obtain a closed form solution to the overall relative orbit determination problem. The two main contributions of this paper are to derive an initial relative orbit determination algorithm for range-only and to investigate ambiguities in the problem that may exist. C1 [Rundberg, Christian] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rundberg, C (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100006 ER PT S AU Arnold, C Kester, BW Richie, DJ AF Arnold, Christian Kester, Brian W. Richie, David J. BE Chart, DA TI NOVEL MAGNETIC FIELD TRACKING USING FALCONSAT-3 MAGNETOMETER ONLY MEASUREMENTS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The United States Air Force Academy's FalconSAT-3 (FS-3) is a cadet-built and operated satellite launched in 2007 to perform Department of Defense scientific research for the Space Test Program. In order to meet program objectives, it is important the satellite is controlled and stable in three axes. The satellite's angular rates were first stabilized in 2014 using a B-dot controller. This paper builds on the progress made during stabilization and explores the implementation of a new angular position control scheme on FS-3, designed to enable payload data collection by pointing the satellite's experiments panel in its required direction for the first time. Specifically, the payloads mounted on one of the satellite's side panels requires it point in the velocity (ram) direction within the customer's required accuracy. Currently, the satellite uses a 3-axis magnetometer and solar panel currents (during sunlight) for coarse attitude determination since its on-board sun sensors are not functioning properly. It also uses magnetic torque rods for pointing control in concert with its passively stable gravity gradient boom. A magnetometer-only measurement control scheme for commanding the torque rods is thus imperative to achieve payload data collection needs and is also critical during eclipse when pointing knowledge quality further degrades. Based on the satellite's limitations, this paper proposes a novel magnetometer -only control scheme for FalconSAT-3 to capitalize on its magnetometer and torque rods, then implements it on a classroom CubeSat demonstrator known as EyasSat3 and presents and analyzes these newly obtained results. C1 [Arnold, Christian] US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kester, Brian W.; Richie, David J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Arnold, C (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100008 ER PT S AU Ortolano, NG Geller, DK Lovell, TA AF Ortolano, Nicholas G. Geller, David K. Lovell, T. Alan BE Chart, DA TI SPLIT-MANEUVER TARGETING BASED ON PSEUDO-LAMBERT TARGETING AND THE CLOHESSY-WILTSHIRE EQUATIONS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB This paper presents a new method for reducing inertial and relative maneuver targeting errors using the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations. The new method, known as split-maneuver targeting, is developed by introducing a pseudo-chief reference frame between the initial orbit and the final target orbit. The method is applied to the inertial pseudo-Lambert targeting problem and the relative maneuver targeting problem for orbital rendezvous and proximity operations. C1 [Ortolano, Nicholas G.; Geller, David K.] Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ortolano, NG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100010 ER PT S AU Khizhnyak, A Markov, V Tomov, I Murrell, D AF Khizhnyak, Anatoliy Markov, Vladimir Tomov, Ivan Murrell, David BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Pulse laser imaging amplifier for advanced Ladar systems SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXI CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE laser amplifier; image area; acronyms; references AB Security measures sometimes require persistent surveillance of government, military and public areas Borders, bridges, sport arenas, airports and others are often surveilled with low-cost cameras. Their low-light performance can be enhanced with laser illuminators; however various operational scenarios may require a low-intensity laser illumination with the object-scattered light intensity lower than the sensitivity of the Ladar image detector. This paper discusses a novel type of high-gain optical image amplifier. The approach enables time-synchronization of the incoming and amplifying signals with accuracy <= 1 ns. The technique allows the incoming signal to be amplified without the need to match the input spectrum to the cavity modes. Instead, the incoming signal is accepted within the spectral band of the amplifier. We have gauged experimentally the performance of the amplifier with a 40 dB gain and an angle of view 20 mrad. C1 [Khizhnyak, Anatoliy; Markov, Vladimir; Tomov, Ivan] Adv Syst & Technol Inc, 12H Mauchly, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. [Murrell, David] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Markov, V (reprint author), Adv Syst & Technol Inc, 12H Mauchly, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. EM vmarkov@asatechinc.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0073-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9832 AR UNSP 98320P DI 10.1117/12.2224304 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF9PW UT WOS:000385794300018 ER PT S AU Gremillion, GM Metcalfe, JS Marathe, AR Paul, VJ Christensen, J Drnec, K Haynes, B Atwater, C AF Gremillion, Gregory M. Metcalfe, Jason S. Marathe, Amar R. Paul, Victor J. Christensen, James Drnec, Kim Haynes, Benjamin Atwater, Corey BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Analysis of trust in autonomy for convoy operations SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Trust in autonomy; automated driving; human-autonomy collaboration ID AUTOMATION; RELIANCE; SYSTEMS AB With growing use of automation in civilian and military contexts that engage cooperatively with humans, the operator's level of trust in the automated system is a major factor in determining the efficacy of the human-autonomy teams. Suboptimal levels of human trust in autonomy (TiA) can be detrimental to joint team performance. This mis-calibrated trust can manifest in several ways, such as distrust and complete disuse of the autonomy or complacency, which results in an unsupervised autonomous system. This work investigates human behaviors that may reflect TiA in the context of an automated driving task, with the goal of improving team performance. Subjects performed a simulated leader-follower driving task with an automated driving assistant. The subjects had could choose to engage an automated lane keeping and active cruise control system of varying performance levels. Analysis of the experimental data was performed to identify contextual features of the simulation environment that correlated to instances of automation engagement and disengagement. Furthermore, behaviors that potentially indicate inappropriate TiA levels were identified in the subject trials using estimates of momentary risk and agent performance, as functions of these contextual features. Inter-subject and intra-subject trends in automation usage and performance were also identified. This analysis indicated that for poorer performing automation, TiA decreases with time, while higher performing automation induces less drift toward diminishing usage, and in some cases increases in TiA. Subject use of automation was also found to be largely influenced by course features. C1 [Gremillion, Gregory M.] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Metcalfe, Jason S.; Marathe, Amar R.; Drnec, Kim] Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Paul, Victor J.; Haynes, Benjamin] Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48091 USA. [Christensen, James] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Atwater, Corey] DCS Corp, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Gremillion, GM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gregory.m.gremillion.ctr@mail.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 98361Z DI 10.1117/12.2224009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900041 ER PT B AU Briones, AM Rankin, BA Stouffer, SD Erdmann, TJ Burrus, DL AF Briones, Alejandro M. Rankin, Brent A. Stouffer, Scott D. Erdmann, Timothy J. Burrus, David L. GP ASME TI PARALLELIZED, AUTOMATED, PREDICTIVE, IMPRINT COOLING MODEL FOR COMBUSTOR LINERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 4A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FLOWS AB A novel parallelized, automated, predictive imprint cooling model (PAPRICO) was developed for modeling and simulation of combustor liners using a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. The methodology involves removing the film and effusion cooling jet geometry from the liner while retaining the cooling hole imprints on the liner. The PAPRICO can operate under two modalities, viz., two-sided and onesided. For the two-sided PAPRICO model, the imprints are kept on the plenum and combustor sides of the liner. For the one-sided PAPRICO model, the imprints are retained only on the combustor side of the liner and there is no need for a plenum. Consequently, the one-sided PAPRICO significantly reduces the size of the mesh when compared with a mesh that resolves the film and effusion cooling holes. The PAPRICO model neither needs a priori knowledge of the cooling flow rates through various combustor liner regions nor specific mesh partitioning. The PAPRICO model uses the one-dimensional adiabatic, calorifically perfect, total energy equation. The total temperature, total pressure, jet angle, jet orientation, and discharge coefficient are needed to determine the imprint mass flow rate, momentum, enthalpy, turbulent kinetic energy, and eddy dissipation rate. These physical quantities are included in the governing equations as volumetric source terms in cells adjacent to the liner on the combustor side. Additionally, the two-sided PAPRICO model integrates the volumetric sources to calculate their corresponding volumetric sinks in the cells adjacent to the liner on the plenum side. The PAPRICO model user-defined subroutines were written in C programming language and linked to the ANSYS Fluent. A Fluent graphical user interface panel was also developed in Scheme language to effectively and conveniently form effusion cooling regions based on jet angle, jet orientation, pattern, and discharge coefficient. The PAPRICO algorithm automatically identifies and computes the jet area, jet diameter, jet centroid, and jet count per cooling region from an arbitrarily partitioned mesh. Jets with concentric patterns, containing multiple jet orientations, can be conveniently grouped into a single imprint zone. A referee combustor liner was simulated using PAPRICO under non-reacting flow conditions. The PAPRICO results were compared with the non-reacting flow results of a resolved geometry containing 1504 cooling jets (with multiple jet sizes, orientations and angles) and 7 dilution jets. The PAPRICO results were also compared with the non-reacting numerical results of the referee combustor liner with prescribed mass and enthalpy source terms. The numerical results were also compared with experimental measurements of mass flow rates through the referee combustor liner. The numerical results clearly conclude that PAPRICO can qualitatively and quantitatively emulate the local turbulent flow field with only one third of the mesh of that which resolves the effusion cooling jets. The simulations with prescribed mass and enthalpy sources fail to emulate the local turbulent flow field. The PAPRICO model can predict the relative flow rates through the various regions in the liner based on comparisons with measurements. C1 [Briones, Alejandro M.; Stouffer, Scott D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rankin, Brent A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Erdmann, Timothy J.; Burrus, David L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Briones, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4975-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V04AT04A011 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF9CT UT WOS:000385457400011 ER PT B AU Cottle, AE Polanka, MD Goss, LP Goss, CZ AF Cottle, Andrew E. Polanka, Marc D. Goss, Larry P. Goss, Corey Z. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF AIR INJECTION AND CAVITY SIZE WITHIN A CIRCUMFERENTIAL COMBUSTOR TO INCREASE G-LOAD AND RESIDENCE TIME SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 4A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Combustion at high G-loading offers the promise of higher flame speeds and shorter residence times. Ultra-Compact Combustors (UCC) make use of this phenomenon by injecting air and fuel into a circumferential cavity around the main core flow. Air is injected tangentially into the combustion cavity to induce bulk circumferential swirl. Swirl velocities in the cavity produce a centrifugal load on the flow that is typically expressed in terms of gravitational acceleration, or g-loading. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has developed an experimental facility in which g-loads up to 2000 times the earth's gravitational field ("2000 g's") can be established. This paper investigates the flow within the combustion cavity to determine conditions that lead to the generation of higher g-loads and longer residence times. This is coupled with the desire to completely combust the fuel ideally within the combustion cavity. These objectives have led to changes within the AFIT test setup to enable optical access into the primary combustion cavity. Particle Image Velocimetry (Hy), complemented by traditional high-speed video imagery, provided high-fidelity measurements of the velocity fields within the cavity. These experimental measurements were compared to a set of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions. Improved cavity air and fuel injection schemes were evaluated over a range of air flows and equivalence ratios. Increased combustion stability was attained by providing uniform distribution of air drivers. Lean cavity equivalence ratios at a high total airflow resulted in higher g-loads and complete combustion showing promise for utilizing the UCC as a main combustor. C1 [Cottle, Andrew E.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goss, Larry P.; Goss, Corey Z.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 7610 McEwen Rd, Dayton, OH USA. RP Cottle, AE (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4975-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V04AT04A014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF9CT UT WOS:000385457400014 ER PT B AU Cottle, AE Polanka, MD AF Cottle, Andrew E. Polanka, Marc D. GP ASME TI NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM A COMMON-SOURCE HIGH-G ULTRA-COMPACT COMBUSTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 4A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Ultra-Compact combustion presents a novel solution to address the demand for increasingly compact, efficient, and low weight aircraft gas turbine engine propulsion systems. An Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) operates by diverting a portion of the compressor exit flow into a cavity about the engine outer diameter. Injection into the cavity can be done at an angle in order to induce bulk circumferential swirl. Swirl velocities in the cavity then impart a centrifugal load of approximately 1000g(0). This high-g UCC concept has been investigated by The Air Force Institute of Technology with the goal of incorporating a common upstream flow source to distribute the simulated compressor exit flow into separate core and combustion cavity flow paths. Experimental results from this test rig are presented, with particular emphasis on establishing the design flow split through the diffuser into the circumferential cavity. The implementation of a core channel plate was instrumental in control of the mass flow splits. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) supplement the experiments and enable a more detailed understanding of the interactions within the diffuser and the interactions between the air injection jets and the fuel jets. A range of cavity equivalence ratios was studied and combustion within the cavity was shown to be a strong function of cavity loading, which was in turn a function of the total mass flow. Varying the orientation of the channel plate with respect to guide-vane leading edges caused a change in the core flow development which then had a secondary effect of aiding the combustion process within the cavity. C1 [Cottle, Andrew E.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cottle, AE (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4975-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V04AT04A013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF9CT UT WOS:000385457400013 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Holycross, C Brown, J Beck, J AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Holycross, Casey Brown, Jeffrey Beck, Joseph GP ASME TI Fatigue Behavior Comparison. between Ultrasonic and Servohydraulic Axial Testing Procedures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID CRACK-GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOY AB An investigation of cycling rate effects on fatigue life behavior is being conducted on Aluminum (Al) alloys. This effect, along with specimen diameter, highlights the major difference between ultrasonic and servohydraulic fatigue test procedures. Ultrasonic fatigue testing is conducted on a 3.2 mm diameter hourglass specimen operating at 26 kHz, and servohydraulic axial testing is conducted on an ASTM E 466-07 standard dogbone specimen with a 25.4 mm gage length and 4.45 mm diameter operating at 35 Hz. Previous works have shown that cycling rate increases of 100-1000 times can reduce the fatigue crack growth rates in the stress intensity region between threshold and critical by at least an order of magnitude for aluminum and steel. For high cycle fatigue (HCF), however, where the majority of cycles to failure are accumulated before crack initiation, not during propagation, the effects of cycling rate on total loading cycles to failure needs further understanding, which may lead to more accurate and/or less conservative HCF design of critical gas turbine engine components. Fatigue behavior of Al 6061-T6 was assessed between the failure range of 10(4)-10(10) cycles using ultrasonic and servohydraulic testing procedures. Though aluminum is not a widely used alloy in gas turbine engine applications, understanding frequency-based fatigue life discrepancies associated with the choice of empirical methods is of paramount importance to component design; Aluminum 6061-T6 is the most cost-effective way to gaining this understanding. Comparisons were made between the fatigue behavior results using cycling rate (also stated as strain-rate or frequency) comparisons for fatigue crack growth study. The comparisons show promising results correlating the fatigue behavior trends of servhydraulic and ultrasonic fatigue data. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Holycross, Casey; Brown, Jeffrey] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beck, Joseph] Percept Engn Analyt, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4983-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V07AT28A003 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF9CZ UT WOS:000385461600012 ER PT B AU Ni, RH Humber, W Ni, M Capece, VR Ooten, M Clark, J AF Ni, Ron Ho Humber, William Ni, Michael Capece, Vincent R. Ooten, Michael Clark, John GP ASME TI AERODYNAMIC DAMPING PREDICTIONS FOR OSCILLATING AIRFOILS IN CASCADES USING MOVING MESHES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HARMONIC-BALANCE; UNSTEADY FLOWS; TURBOMACHINES; COMPUTATION AB This paper presents a numerical analysis of oscillating airfoils in turbomachinery cascades using the unsteady nonlinear Reynold's Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. The periodic unsteady flow solutions are determined using a conventional time marching method (DTS) and the Nonlinear Harmonic Balance method (NHB). Mesh motions, using a weighted distortion procedure and a linear elastic method, are described. Comparison of computed results are made with the Eleventh Standard Test Configuration (STC11) experimental data for subsonic and transonic exit flow conditions. The solutions for the NBB and DTS methods exhibit excellent correlation with each other and good correlation with the experimental data on the pressure surface. The numerical solutions deviate from the experimental data on the suction surface especially in the vicinity of the shock wave for the transonic exit flow case. A numerical influence coefficient modeling method is shown for airfoil cascades that can be used to calculate unsteady aerodynamic loading over a range of interblade phase angles. Application to the STC11 illustrates that a cascade of five airfoils is sufficient to provide accurate unsteady aerodynamic loading predictions for the modeled flow conditions. C1 [Ni, Ron Ho; Humber, William; Ni, Michael; Capece, Vincent R.] AeroDynam Solut, Danville, CA 17821 USA. [Capece, Vincent R.] Univ Kentucky, Paducah, KY USA. [Ooten, Michael; Clark, John] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ni, RH (reprint author), AeroDynam Solut, Danville, CA 17821 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4984-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V07BT34A012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF9CY UT WOS:000385461300055 ER PT J AU Cargill, DS Moore, RO AF Cargill, Daniel S. Moore, Richard O. TI Incorporating Radiation in Noise-Induced Phase Evolution of Optical Solitons SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear Schrodinger equation; optical fibers; solitons; Monte Carlo simulations; importance sampling; radiation ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER SOLITONS; INDUCED PERTURBATIONS; COMPUTE STATISTICS; FIBER AMPLIFIERS; SYSTEMS; TRANSMISSION; DISPERSION; PULSES AB This paper extends the application of importance sampling to include the leading order effect of dispersive radiation on the soliton's phase when simulating bit errors in optical communication systems that use optical solitons as bit carriers. A simple one-parameter model for the radiation is used to account for the most significant effect of radiation on phase, a mean shift that scales with noise bandwidth. This improved model is used to inform optimal biasing of paths used for importance-sampled Monte Carlo simulations, with the resulting numerics demonstrating improved targeting of phase values. C1 [Cargill, Daniel S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Moore, Richard O.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Cargill, DS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM daniel.cargill@us.af.mil; rmoore@njit.edu FU National Science Foundation [1109278] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 1109278. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2016 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1025 EP 1061 DI 10.1137/15M1049592 PG 37 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA DY6TV UT WOS:000385262100012 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Asmolova, O McHarg, MG Quiller, T Maldonado, C AF Andersen, Geoff Asmolova, Olha McHarg, Matthew G. Quiller, Trey Maldonado, Carlos BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI FalconSAT-7: A membrane space solar telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Membrane optics; space telescope; diffractive optics; satellite imaging ID PHOTON SIEVE; MODEL AB The US Air Force Academy of Physics has built FalconSAT-7, a membrane solar telescope to be deployed from a 3U CubeSat in LEO. The primary optic is a 0.2m photon sieve - a diffractive element consisting of billions of tiny circular dimples etched into a Kapton sheet. The membrane its support structure, secondary optics, two imaging cameras and associated control, recording electronics are packaged within half the CubeSat volume. Once in space the supporting pantograph structure is deployed, extending out and pulling the membrane flat under tension. The telescope will then be directed at the Sun to gather images at H-alpha for transmission to the ground. We will present details of the optical configuration, operation and performance of the flight telescope which has been made ready for launch in early 2017. C1 [Andersen, Geoff; Asmolova, Olha; McHarg, Matthew G.; Quiller, Trey; Maldonado, Carlos] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041P DI 10.1117/12.2229711 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100050 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, M AF Sobolewski, Michael BE Borsato, M Wognum, N Peruzzini, M Stjepandic, J Verhagen, WJC TI Amorphous Transdisciplinary Engineering: Object Orientation Meets Service Orientation with Emergent Multifidelity Management SO TRANSDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING: CROSSING BOUNDARIES SE Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering CY OCT 03-07, 2016 CL Fed Univ Technol, Curitiba, BRAZIL SP Int Soc Productiv Enhancement Inc, IOS Press, PROSTEP AG, Fundacao Araucaria, CNPq, Tecpar, Sistema FIEP, Groupe Renault, FUNTEF PR, Fed Univ Technol, Grad Sch Mech Engn & Mat HO Fed Univ Technol DE Service orientation; microservices; macroservices; provider services; multifidelities. metafidelities; metacomputing; MOF; MSF; system od systems; mogramming; exertions; SML; SORCER AB Amorphous transdisciplinary engineering is the application of back-end object-oriented provider services and front-end service-oriented micro-and macroservices. Macroservices define dynamic aggregates of large number of provider services (applications, tools, and utilities) with emergent multifidelity management. On the one hand, provider services are local/remote objects having independent limited functionalities that are dynamically bound to microservices. On the other hand, macroservices are request services in terms of microservices and other macroservices with metafidelities that specify required federations of provider services. Metafidelities are fidelities of fidelities. A metafidelity is used by a fidelity management system to select (morph) for a macroservice a collection of microservices at runtime. A macroservice request is called a mograms - model or program, or both. Service mograms created by the end users at the system of system level exhibit emergent behavior of service federations at runtime. A mogram's service federation with associated fidelity management is continuously morphing to the most effective collections of provider services while skipping unsatisfactory transient federations at runtime. C1 [Sobolewski, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sobolewski, Michael] Polish Japanese Acad IT, PL-02008 Warsaw, Poland. RP Sobolewski, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Sobolewski, M (reprint author), Polish Japanese Acad IT, PL-02008 Warsaw, Poland. EM sobol@sorcersoft.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-7528 BN 978-1-61499-703-0; 978-1-61499-702-3 J9 ADV TRANSDISCIPL ENG PY 2016 VL 4 BP 871 EP 882 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-703-0-871 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF8YZ UT WOS:000385298900086 ER PT B AU Kerans, RJ AF Kerans, Ronald J. BE Ohji, T Singh, M TI LIFE-LIMITING BEHAVIOR AND LIFE MANAGEMENT OF SiC-BASED COMPOSITES SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE ceramic composites; ceramic matrix composites; CMC; CFCC; SiC; life management; fatigue; intermediate temperature degradation ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; BORON-NITRIDE INTERPHASE; WOVEN C/SIC COMPOSITES; SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; FIBER COMPOSITES AB Anticipated in-service degradation of SiC-based fibrous ceramic composites is reviewed and discussed. It is expected that components used in normal service in combustion atmospheres will degrade by way of minor local matrix cracking permitting crack growth through fatigue-assisted internal environmental degradation. The discussion includes intermediate temperature effects, fatigue mechanisms, and expected interaction of fatigue and oxidation. Aspects of life management and design for improved life are considered. C1 [Kerans, Ronald J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate Emeritus, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kerans, RJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate Emeritus, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 154 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9 PY 2016 BP 160 EP 186 D2 10.1002/9781119100430 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF7FF UT WOS:000384001300010 ER PT B AU Freeman, TC AF Freeman, Theodore Cordy BA Burgess, C Doolan, K BF Burgess, C Doolan, K TI A Routine Training Flight SO FALLEN ASTRONAUTS: HEROES WHO DIED REACHING FOR THE MOON SE Outward Odyssey-A Peoples History of Spaceflight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Freeman, Theodore Cordy] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Freeman, TC (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA BN 978-0-8032-8599-6; 978-0-8032-8509-5 J9 OUTW ODYSS PEOPLES PY 2016 BP 1 EP 45 PG 45 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BF7WD UT WOS:000384525800003 ER PT B AU See, EM Bassett, CA AF See, Elliot McKay, Jr. Bassett, Charles Arthur, II BA Burgess, C Doolan, K BF Burgess, C Doolan, K TI Gemini Twins SO FALLEN ASTRONAUTS: HEROES WHO DIED REACHING FOR THE MOON SE Outward Odyssey-A Peoples History of Spaceflight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [See, Elliot McKay, Jr.; Bassett, Charles Arthur, II] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP See, EM (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA BN 978-0-8032-8599-6; 978-0-8032-8509-5 J9 OUTW ODYSS PEOPLES PY 2016 BP 46 EP 116 PG 71 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BF7WD UT WOS:000384525800004 ER PT B AU Grissom, VI White, EH Chaffee, RB AF Grissom, Virgil Ivan White, Edward Higgins, II Chaffee, Roger Bruce BA Burgess, C Doolan, K BF Burgess, C Doolan, K TI Countdown to Disaster SO FALLEN ASTRONAUTS: HEROES WHO DIED REACHING FOR THE MOON SE Outward Odyssey-A Peoples History of Spaceflight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grissom, Virgil Ivan; White, Edward Higgins, II] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Chaffee, Roger Bruce] USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Grissom, VI (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA BN 978-0-8032-8599-6; 978-0-8032-8509-5 J9 OUTW ODYSS PEOPLES PY 2016 BP 117 EP 217 PG 101 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BF7WD UT WOS:000384525800005 ER PT B AU Givens, EG AF Givens, Edward Galen, Jr. BA Burgess, C Doolan, K BF Burgess, C Doolan, K TI A Lonely Stretch of Road SO FALLEN ASTRONAUTS: HEROES WHO DIED REACHING FOR THE MOON SE Outward Odyssey-A Peoples History of Spaceflight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Givens, Edward Galen, Jr.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Givens, EG (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA BN 978-0-8032-8599-6; 978-0-8032-8509-5 J9 OUTW ODYSS PEOPLES PY 2016 BP 265 EP 311 PG 47 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BF7WD UT WOS:000384525800007 ER PT J AU Cahill, J Casazza, PG Peterson, J Woodland, L AF Cahill, Jameson Casazza, Peter G. Peterson, Jesse Woodland, Lindsey TI PHASE RETRIEVAL BY PROJECTIONS SO HOUSTON JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION AB The problem of recovering a vector from the absolute values of its inner products against a family of measurement vectors has been well studied in mathematics and engineering. A generalization of this phase retrieval problem also exists: recovering a vector from measurements consisting of norms of its orthogonal projections onto a family of subspaces. Much remains unknown for this more general case. Can families of subspaces for which such measurements are injective be completely classified? What is the minimal number of subspaces required to have injectivity? How closely does this problem compare to the usual phase retrieval problem with families of measurement vectors? In this paper, we answer or make incremental steps towards answering these questions. We provide several characterizations of subspaces which yield injective measurements, and through a concrete construction, we prove the surprising result that phase retrieval can be achieved with 2M-1 subspaces of arbitrary rank in a real M-dimensional vector space and 4M-3 subspaces of arbitrary rank in a complex M-dimensional vector space. Finally, we present several open problems as we discuss issues unique to the phase retrieval problem with subspaces. C1 [Cahill, Jameson] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Math Sci, 1290 Frenger Mall,MSC 3MB Sci Hall 236, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Casazza, Peter G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Peterson, Jesse] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cahill, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Math Sci, 1290 Frenger Mall,MSC 3MB Sci Hall 236, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jameson.cahill@gmail.com; Casazzap@missouri.edu; jesse.peterson@afit.edu; lmwvh4@gmail.com FU NSF [DMS 1008183, ATD 1042701]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0245] FX The first, second, and fourth authors were supported by NSF DMS 1008183; NSF ATD 1042701; and AFOSR FA9550-11-1-0245. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV HOUSTON PI HOUSTON PA DEPT MATH, HOUSTON, TX 77204 USA SN 0362-1588 J9 HOUSTON J MATH JI Houst. J. Math. PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 537 EP 558 PG 22 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DY2AC UT WOS:000384894500010 ER PT J AU Parco, JE Levy, DA Spears, SR AF Parco, James E. Levy, David A. Spears, Sarah R. TI Beyond DADT repeal: Transgender evolution within the U.S. military SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDERISM LA English DT Article DE Culture; DADT; LGBT; military; transgender; transsexual AB We present a revelatory case study that investigated the effects of an open gender transition within a U.S. military organization. The research subject, a retired military officer and civil servant, made an open gender transition while remaining in the same job with the same chain of command and within the same organization. Relying on extensive interview data, we analyze the effect of how an open gender transition impacted an active-duty military unit during a 2-year period (2012-2014) prior to the Department of Defense's 2015 decision to pursue open inclusion of transgender men and women in the U.S. armed forces. C1 [Parco, James E.] Colorado Coll, Dept Econ & Business, 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Levy, David A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Spears, Sarah R.] Amer Civil Liberties Union Colorado, Denver, CO USA. RP Parco, JE (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Econ & Business, 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM jim.parco@coloradocollege.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1553-2739 EI 1434-4599 J9 INT J TRANSGENDERISM JI Int. J. Transgenderism PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1080/15532739.2015.1095669 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA DY3PQ UT WOS:000385006500002 ER PT J AU Godman, NP Barbee, DB Carty, FB McMillen, CD Corley, CA Shurdha, E Iacono, ST AF Godman, N. P. Barbee, D. B. Carty, F. B. McMillen, C. D. Corley, C. A. Shurdha, E. Iacono, S. T. TI Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of new highly processable, hole-transporting fluorocyclic aryl amine polymers SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ETHER POLYMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; OCTAFLUOROCYCLOPENTENE; MONOMERS AB Superior hole-transporting mobility and excellent photoconductive properties of aryl amine-containing polymers place them among the most studied materials for optoelectronic applications. Solution process-ability, however, is a significant limitation to highly arylated polymers particularly for multi-layer organic light emitting devices prepared via spin coating. In this work, the preparation of perfluorocyclopentene aryl ether amine polymers demonstrated improved solubility, but has showed increased thermal stability. Octafluorocyclopentene was used as a coupling agent to prepare a new class of aryl ether amine-containing monomers ultimately yielding high molecular weight, optically transparent step-growth polymers. Herein, this work will present strategic routes for monomer/polymer synthesis, characterization, and viability as a new class of processable coatings or bulk components for the broad area of organic electronics applications. C1 [Godman, N. P.; Barbee, D. B.; Carty, F. B.; Corley, C. A.; Shurdha, E.; Iacono, S. T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Godman, N. P.; Barbee, D. B.; Carty, F. B.; Corley, C. A.; Shurdha, E.; Iacono, S. T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McMillen, C. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.; Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) - Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [HDTRA13964]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program FX We acknowledge primary funding support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) - Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR No. HDTRA13964). The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is also acknowledged for partial financial support. NPG and ES were supported through the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 EI 1759-9962 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2016 VL 7 IS 37 BP 5799 EP 5804 DI 10.1039/c6py00966b PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DX5FS UT WOS:000384405800006 ER PT J AU Wang, H Xie, JY Follette, M Back, TC Amama, PB AF Wang, Huan Xie, Jingyi Follette, Marissa Back, Tyson C. Amama, Placidus B. TI Magnetic field-induced fabrication of Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposites for enhanced electrode performance in lithium-ion batteries SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE; HIGH-RATE CAPABILITY; ANODE MATERIAL; FE3O4-GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITE; STORAGE MATERIALS; COMPOSITE; NANOPARTICLES AB We report a novel magnetic field-induced approach for the fabrication of nanoporous and wrinkled Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The applied magnetic field improves the interfacial contact between the anode and current collector and increases the stacking density of active material. This facilitates the kinetics of Li ions and electrons, electrode durability, and surface area of active material. As a result, at relatively low specific currents (157 mA g(-1)), wrinkled Fe3O4/RGO anodes show high reversible specific capacities (up to 903 mA h g(-1) at 157 mA g(-1)). At high discharge rate (1.57 A g(-1)), the specific capacity of wrinkled anodes stay at 345 mA h g(-1) (with capacity retention of 90%) after 100 discharge/charge cycles compared to the rapid capacity fading associated with smooth or unwrinkled anodes with a specific capacity of 178 mA h g(-1) after the same number of cycles. These results demonstrate the benefit of strong magnetic field treatment during fabrication of nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles. C1 [Wang, Huan; Xie, Jingyi; Follette, Marissa; Amama, Placidus B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Back, Tyson C.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pamama@ksu.edu FU K-State start-up funds; National Science Foundation [EPS-0903806] FX This material is based upon work supported by K-State start-up funds and the National Science Foundation under Award No. EPS-0903806 and matching support from the State of Kansas through the Kansas Board of Regents. The authors are grateful to Prof. Jun Li for access to sample preparation facilities, Haider Almkhelfe for FESEM characterization, and Dr Jennifer Carpena-Nunez for TEM characterization. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 86 BP 83117 EP 83125 DI 10.1039/c6ra17805g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DX1VM UT WOS:000384155100080 ER PT S AU Soskind, YG Anisimov, I AF Soskind, Y. G. Anisimov, Igor BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Laser Cavity Mode Formation Employing Diffractive Phase Structures SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE laser cavities; mode selection; diffractive phase structures; laser beam quality; laser beam characteristics ID RESONATORS AB The size reduction of a laser cavity is highly desirable during the process of designing a laser system, as it allows reducing the weight and size of the laser system as a whole, as well as increasing the robustness of the system's operation under severe environmental conditions. This cavity length reduction should be achieved without sacrificing the output laser beam quality, especially in the far field region. One approach to reducing the laser cavity length is based on the selective generation of single higher order transverse radiation modes. We show that a single transverse mode generation is essential for producing high radiance, high beam quality far field distributions with short length laser cavities. In the past, the selection of a single high order transverse mode was performed by employing amplitude masks or localized, non-uniform pumping of the gain medium. Both approaches resulted in significant cavity losses, and an associated increase in the laser oscillation threshold, as well as a reduction in laser efficiency. In this work, we provide details of a "lossless" intra-cavity mode formation technique employing circular-shaped diffractive phase structures. The radial size of the diffractive structures can be optimized for the selection of specific transverse higher order laser cavity modes. We also define a lossless external-cavity transformation of the selected output transverse higher order laser cavity modes with diffractive phase plates that results in the formation of far field distributions containing high intensity on-axis peaks. Spatial characteristics of the transformed output laser cavity modes were analyzed, including encircled beam powers, as well as encircled power M-2 functions. Results of this work can be applied to reducing cavity lengths of various laser systems. C1 [Soskind, Y. G.] DHPC Technol Inc, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 USA. [Anisimov, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soskind, YG (reprint author), DHPC Technol Inc, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0075-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9834 AR UNSP 98340G DI 10.1117/12.2228298 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF8EG UT WOS:000384769800010 ER PT S AU Lachinova, SL Vorontsov, MA LeMaster, DA Trippel, ME AF Lachinova, Svetlana L. Vorontsov, Mikhail A. LeMaster, Daniel A. Trippel, Matthew E. BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Comparative analysis of numerical simulation techniques for incoherent imaging through atmospheric turbulence SO LONG-RANGE IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Long-Range Imaging CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Incoherent imaging; wave-optics numerical simulations; Monte-Carlo method; brightness function technique ID WAVE-PROPAGATION AB Computational efficiency and accuracy of wave-optics-based Monte-Carlo and brightness function numerical simulation techniques for incoherent imaging through atmospheric turbulence are evaluated. Simulation results are compared with theoretical estimates based on known analytical solutions for the modulation transfer function of an imaging system and the long-exposure image of a Gaussian-shaped incoherent light source. C1 [Lachinova, Svetlana L.; Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Optonicus, 711 East Monument Ave,Suite 101, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. [Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Intelligent Opt Lab, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [LeMaster, Daniel A.; Trippel, Matthew E.] Air Force Res Lab, EO Target Detect & Surveillance Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lachinova, SL (reprint author), Optonicus, 711 East Monument Ave,Suite 101, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. EM svetlana@optonicus.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0087-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9846 AR UNSP 984605 DI 10.1117/12.2228615 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF8EF UT WOS:000384769000003 ER PT S AU LeMaster, DA Hardie, RC Gladysz, S Howard, MD Rucci, MA Trippel, ME Power, JD Karch, BK AF LeMaster, Daniel A. Hardie, Russell C. Gladysz, Szymon Howard, Matthew D. Rucci, Michael A. Trippel, Matthew E. Power, Jonathan D. Karch, Barry K. BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Differential tilt variance effects of turbulence in imagery: comparing simulation with theory SO LONG-RANGE IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Long-Range Imaging CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Imaging; turbulence; tilt anisoplanatism; differential tilt; monte carlo; wave optics AB Differential tilt variance is a useful metric for interpreting the distorting effects of turbulence in incoherent imaging systems. In this paper, we compare the theoretical model of differential tilt variance to simulations. Simulation is based on a Monte Carlo wave optics approach with split step propagation. Results show that the simulation closely matches theory. The results also show that care must be taken when selecting a method to estimate tilts. C1 [LeMaster, Daniel A.; Howard, Matthew D.; Rucci, Michael A.; Trippel, Matthew E.; Power, Jonathan D.; Karch, Barry K.] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Gladysz, Szymon] Fraunhofer Inst Optron Syst Technol & Image Explo, Gutleuthausstr 1, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0087-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9846 AR UNSP 984606 DI 10.1117/12.2223470 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF8EF UT WOS:000384769000004 ER PT S AU Garber, W Pierson, W Mcginnis, R Majumder, U Minardi, M Sobota, D AF Garber, Wendy Pierson, William Mcginnis, Ryan Majumder, Uttam Minardi, Michael Sobota, David BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Performance Evaluation of SAR/GMTI Algorithms SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SAR; GMTI; detection; geolocation; tracking; performance evaluation ID MOVING TARGETS; SAR-IMAGERY AB There is a history and understanding of exploiting moving targets within ground moving target indicator (GMTI) data, including methods for modeling performance. However, many assumptions valid for GMTI processing are invalid for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. For example, traditional GMTI processing assumes targets are exo-clutter and a system that uses a GMTI waveform, i.e. low bandwidth (BW) and low pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Conversely, SAR imagery is typically formed to focus data at zero Doppler and requires high BW and high PRF. Therefore, many of the techniques used in performance estimation of GMTI systems are not valid for SAR data. However, as demonstrated by papers in the recent literature,(1-11) there is interest in exploiting moving targets within SAR data. The techniques employed vary widely, including filter banks to form images at multiple Dopplers, performing smear detection, and attempting to address the issue through waveform design. The above work validates the need for moving target exploitation in SAR data, but it does not represent a theory allowing for the prediction or bounding of performance. This work develops an approach to estimate and/or bound performance for moving target exploitation specific to SAR data. Synthetic SAR data is generated across a range of sensor, environment, and target parameters to test the exploitation algorithms under specific conditions. This provides a design tool allowing radar systems to be tuned for specific moving target exploitation applications. In summary, we derive a set of rules that bound the performance of specific moving target exploitation algorithms under variable operating conditions. C1 [Garber, Wendy; Pierson, William; Mcginnis, Ryan] Matrix Res Inc, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Majumder, Uttam; Minardi, Michael; Sobota, David] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Garber, W (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Wendy.Garber@matrixresearch.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 984305 DI 10.1117/12.2230385 PG 14 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400005 ER PT S AU Kirk, JC Darden, S Majumder, UK Minardi, MJ Bell, MR AF Kirk, John C. Darden, Scott Majumder, Uttam K. Minardi, Michael J. Bell, Mark R. BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI The Development of Advanced Spread Spectrum LFM Waveforms for Enhanced SAR and GMTI SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID LINEAR-FM AB Advanced spread spectrum linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms are being developed for advanced capability synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) applications. We have demonstrated by analysis and simulation the feasibility of these new type waveforms and are now in the process of implementing them in hardware. The basic approach is to combine a traditional LFM radar waveform with a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) waveform, and then on receive to despread the return and capture the resultant LFM return for traditional matched filter processing and enhanced SAR and GMTI. We show the analysis, simulation and some preliminary hardware results. C1 [Kirk, John C.; Darden, Scott] Goleta Star LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Majumder, Uttam K.; Minardi, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Bell, Mark R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kirk, JC (reprint author), Goleta Star LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 98430A DI 10.1117/12.2224765 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400009 ER PT S AU Profeta, A Rodriguez, A Clouse, HS AF Profeta, Andrew Rodriguez, Andres Clouse, H. Scott BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Convolutional Neural Networks for Synthetic Aperture Radar Classification SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB For electro-optical object recognition, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the state-of-the-art. For large datasets, CNNs are able to learn meaningful features used for classification. However, their application to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been limited. In this work we experimented with various CNN architectures on the MSTAR SAR dataset. As the input to the CNN we used the magnitude and phase (2 channels) of the SAR imagery. We used the deep learning toolboxes CAFFE and Torch7. Our results show that we can achieve 93% accuracy on the MSTAR dataset using CNNs. C1 [Profeta, Andrew; Rodriguez, Andres] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Rodriguez, Andres] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Clouse, H. Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Profeta, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 98430M DI 10.1117/12.2225934 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400016 ER PT S AU Ross, TD Baker, HB Nolan, AR McGinnis, RE Paulson, CR AF Ross, Timothy D. Baker, Hyatt B. Nolan, Adam R. McGinnis, Ryan E. Paulson, Christopher R. BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI ATR Performance Modeling Concepts SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE sensor exploitation; ATR; performance modeling; performance prediction; performance estimation AB Performance models are needed for automatic target recognition (ATR) development and use. ATRs consume sensor data and produce decisions about the scene observed. ATR performance models (APMs) on the other hand consume operating conditions (OCs) and produce probabilities about what the ATR will produce. APMs are needed for many modeling roles of many kinds of ATRs (each with different sensing modality and exploitation functionality combinations); moreover, there are different approaches to constructing the APMs. Therefore, although many APMs have been developed, there is rarely one that fits a particular need. Clarified APM concepts may allow us to recognize new uses of existing APMs and identify new APM technologies and components that better support coverage of the needed APMs. The concepts begin with thinking of ATRs as mapping OCs of the real scene (including the sensor data) to reports. An APM is then a mapping from explicit quantized OCs (represented with less resolution than the real OCs) and latent OC distributions to report distributions. The roles of APMs can be distinguished by the explicit OCs they consume. APMs used in simulations consume the true state that the ATR is attempting to report. APMs used online with the exploitation consume the sensor signal and derivatives, such as match scores. APMs used in sensor management consume neither of those, but estimate performance from other OCs. This paper will summarize the major building blocks for APMs, including knowledge sources, OC models, look-up tables, analytical and learned mappings, and tools for signal synthesis and exploitation. C1 [Ross, Timothy D.; McGinnis, Ryan E.] Matrix Res, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Baker, Hyatt B.; Paulson, Christopher R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nolan, Adam R.] Etegent Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), Matrix Res, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM tim.ross@matrixresearch.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 98430G DI 10.1117/12.2229129 PG 20 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400013 ER PT S AU Shaver, RJ Saville, MA Park, J AF Shaver, Ryan J. Saville, Michael A. Park, James BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Modeling terrain profiles from digital terrain elevation data and national land cover data SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE site-specific clutter; radar clutter modeling; clutter scene generation AB An algorithm is presented for synthesizing mathematical models of terrain elevation and reflectivity from digital elevation terrain data (DTED) and national land cover data (NLCD). Assuming the DTED and NLCD have spatial intersection, it is straightforward to interpolate each set individually to a common set of coordinates in the intersection. However, DTED is continuous and NLCD is not typically which results in different and sometimes contrasting sampling requirements of the intersecting region. This study evaluates different similarity measures used to assess the quality of re-sampling DTED and NLCD data for the purpose of building elevation and reflectivity profiles for physical optics calculation of site-specific radar clutter. Examples of the algorithm are presented for clutter scene generation with the Raider Tracer prediction tool. C1 [Shaver, Ryan J.; Saville, Michael A.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Park, James] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saville, MA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM michael.saville@wright.edu; james.park.17@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 98430L DI 10.1117/12.2225338 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400015 ER PT S AU Soumekh, M Majumder, UK Barnes, C Sobota, D Minardi, M AF Soumekh, Mehrdad Majumder, Uttam K. Barnes, Christopher Sobota, David Minardi, Michael BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Analytical SAR-GMTI Principles SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MOVING TARGET DETECTION; RECONNAISSANCE AB This paper provides analytical principles to relate the signature of a moving target to parameters in a SAR system. Our objective is to establish analytical tools that could predict the shift and smearing of a moving target in a subaperture SAR image. Hence, a user could identify the system parameters such as the coherent processing interval for a subaperture that is suitable to localize the signature of a moving target for detection, tracking and geolocating the moving target. The paper begins by outlining two well-known SAR data collection methods to detect moving targets. One uses a scanning beam in the azimuth domain with a relatively high PRF to separate the moving targets and the stationary background (clutter); this is also known as Doppler Beam Sharpening. The other scheme uses two receivers along the track to null the clutter and, thus, provide GMTI. We also present results on implementing our SAR-GMTI analytical principles for the anticipated shift and smearing of a moving target in a simulated code. The code would provide a tool for the user to change the SAR system and moving target parameters, and predict the properties of a moving target signature in a subaperture SAR image for a scene that is composed of both stationary and moving targets. Hence, the SAR simulation and imaging code could be used to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the above analytical principles to predict the properties of a moving target signature in a subaperture SAR image. C1 [Soumekh, Mehrdad] Soumekh Consulting, New York, NY USA. [Majumder, Uttam K.; Sobota, David; Minardi, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Majumder, Uttam K.] Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Soumekh, M (reprint author), Soumekh Consulting, New York, NY USA. EM msoum@buffalo.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 984304 DI 10.1117/12.2224747 PG 18 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400004 ER PT S AU Unnikrishna, P Li, KY Majumder, U Minardi, MJ Sobota, D AF Unnikrishna, Pillai Li, Ke Yong Majumder, Uttam Minardi, Michael J. Sobota, David BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Statistical Performance Analysis for GMTI using ATI Phase Distribution SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XXIII CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Along track interferometry (ATI); Ground moving target indicator (GMTI); Minimum detectable velocity (MDV); ATI phase distribution AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is often used to image an area using airborne platforms that generate a large aperture by virtue of the platform motion. Large apertures generate a large synthetic array providing fine cross-range resolution, and together with wide bandwidth waveforms that provide high range resolution, fine resolution images can be generated. SAR algorithms make use of coherent phase compensation from various pulses for focusing and the technique works exceedingly well for scenes containing stationary scattering centers. When moving targets are present, their images are smeared and shifted due to the motion, and to take advantage of this shift, nearby receiver plates are used to form multiple SAR images and together with along track interferometry (ATI), it generates a phase factor that can be used to detect moving target presence. This paper examines the distribution of the phase variable used in ATI for zero mean Complex Gaussian clutter/target data, and uses the results to address the target in clutter problem as a hypothesis testing problem to compute the probability of detection/false alarm as a function of target to clutter ratio and its velocity. C1 [Unnikrishna, Pillai; Li, Ke Yong] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Majumder, Uttam; Minardi, Michael J.; Sobota, David] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Unnikrishna, P (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM pillai@cptnj.com; kli@cptnj.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0084-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9843 AR 984307 DI 10.1117/12.2224751 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF7MS UT WOS:000384247400007 ER PT S AU Eminoglu, B Yeh, YC Izyumin, II Nacita, I Wireman, M Reinelt, A Boser, BE AF Eminoglu, Burak Yeh, Yu-Ching Izyumin, Igor I. Nacita, Isaac Wireman, Mark Reinelt, Adam Boser, Bernhard E. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF LONG-TERM STABILITY OF AM VERSUS FM GYROSCOPES SO 2016 IEEE 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 24-28, 2016 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB A vibrating ring gyroscope is operated in AM and FM mode to demonstrate improved long-term stability of FM operation. Both bias and scale-factor (SF) accuracy were tested over a one-month period with devices power cycled between measurements. Bias and SF improve by more than two orders-of-magnitude from 335mdps to 2.86mdps and from 518ppm to 4.31ppm in the AM and FM modes, respectively. The temperature coefficients decrease from over 700dph/degrees C to less than 3dph/degrees C for the bias and 105ppm/degrees C to 1.25ppm/degrees C for the SF. The in-run bias improves from 19dph to less than 1.5dph. AM and FM tests use the same transducer with no additional trimming, demonstrating the fundamental advantage of FM over AM readout. C1 [Eminoglu, Burak; Yeh, Yu-Ching; Izyumin, Igor I.; Boser, Bernhard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nacita, Isaac; Wireman, Mark; Reinelt, Adam] 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Eminoglu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eminoglu@eecs.berkeley.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-5090-1973-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2016 BP 954 EP 957 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BF4ZH UT WOS:000381797300250 ER PT J AU Furtado, J Mastey, T Menke, S AF Furtado, Jazmin Mastey, Taiylar Menke, Sara GP IEEE TI A Simulation Approach for Medical Manufacturing Process Improvement SO 2016 IEEE SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING DESIGN SYMPOSIUM (SIEDS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS) CY APR 29, 2016 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP IEEE DE Medical Manufacturing; Process Improvement; Simulation; Total Quality Management AB ABC Medical Manufacturing is a medical product development, assembly, and packaging company that has a paper-based method to track jobs through their assembly process. The paperwork often has errors, which can delay manufacturing steps and shipment, and cause the company to lose time and money. The project team conducted an in-depth analysis of the company's production process to look for areas of improvement. Through statistical analyses of data provided by the company, the team established error categorization, location, and probability of occurrence. To address this situation, the project team diagrammed the company's manufacturing floor and created a list of issues within each step of the manufacturing process as well as potential solutions to these problems. The team created a simulation of the manufacturing process and used this tool to analyze potential process changes to decrease the number of employee hours wasted in order to fix discrepancies. The simulation was created using probabilities based on assumptions that the management team and project team worked through together. The simulation helped visually represent what jobs create the most errors, how many errors occur per month, and how much money the company loses on time spent correcting the errors. Implementing a total quality management (TQM) system would conservatively reduce error counts by 71.3%. Implementing a start quantity to ABC's electronic system would conservatively reduce mean hours wasted from 22.60 to 21.73 hours per month and mean salary lost from $519.82 to $499.80 per month. Using insights from the simulation, the project team then coordinated with management to decide whether error counts or hours wasted and salary lost were more important to address. Currently, ABC is considering implementing a TQM system in order to decrease the number of errors each month. C1 [Furtado, Jazmin; Menke, Sara] US Air Force Acad, Operat Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mastey, Taiylar] US Air Force Acad, Appl Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Furtado, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Operat Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C16Jazmin.Furtado@usafa.edu; C16Taiylar.Mastey@usafa.edu; C16Sara.Menke@usafa.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0970-1 PY 2016 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF6JS UT WOS:000383222000035 ER PT J AU Colbacchini, S Gahafer, A McEvoy, L Park, B AF Colbacchini, Staci Gahafer, Allison McEvoy, Lindsey Park, Bryan GP IEEE TI Simulation of the Support Fleet Maintenance of Modern Stealth Fighter Aircraft SO 2016 IEEE SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING DESIGN SYMPOSIUM (SIEDS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS) CY APR 29, 2016 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP IEEE DE Aircraft maintenance; Discrete event simulation; Maintenance tracking information systems AB The F-35 Lightning II is a 5th Generation, multirole stealth fighter aircraft that is expected to replace the aging "legacy fighters" and their roles in our national defense. The plane was designed and is currently produced by Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Air Force recognize that a proper information infrastructure is critical to sustaining a functional and mission ready aircraft fleet. Thus, to provide the information technology backbone and capabilities to support current and future Warfighters across the U.S. and allied military services, the U.S. Air Force started adapting a modern electronic information system. The F-35 has been equipped with an Autonomic Logistics Information System to allow operators the ability to plan ahead, to maintain, and to plan and sustain its systems of the newly created fleet. Within the system is a problem ticket system that serves as a means to resolve issues with F-35 systems. An Action Request System, which utilizes this ticketing system, to efficiently funnel the tickets to an appropriate engineering organization and back to the originator for issue resolution. This paper studies that ticketing process with the goal of creating a model that can be used to study and optimize the time it takes to move a ticket through the process from creation to closure (resolution). To best understand this problem, we have worked closely with the Luke Air Force Base Maintenance Group to create a discrete event simulation that exposes different bottlenecks in the current process. Using this simulation, we identify which stages in the process will benefit most from a reallocation of resources. The simulation tool will be used by the client to perform future analysis. C1 [Colbacchini, Staci; Gahafer, Allison; McEvoy, Lindsey; Park, Bryan] US Air Force Acad, Operat Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Colbacchini, S (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Operat Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C16Staci.Colbacchini@usafa.edu; C16Allison.Gahafer@usafa.edu; C16Lindsey.McEvoy@usafa.edu; C16Bryan.Park@usafa.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0970-1 PY 2016 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF6JS UT WOS:000383222000038 ER PT S AU Roth, CC Barnes, RA Ibey, BL Glickman, RD Beier, HT AF Roth, Caleb C. Barnes, Ronald A., Jr. Ibey, Bennett L. Glickman, Randolph D. Beier, Hope T. BE Madsen, SJ Yang, VXD Jansen, ED Luo, Q Ding, J Roe, AW Mohanty, SK Thakor, NV TI Short Infrared (IR) Laser Pulses Can Induce Nanoporation SO CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROPHOTONICS; NEURAL IMAGING AND SENSING; AND OPTOGENETICS AND OPTICAL MANIPULATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Clinical and Translational Neurophotonics; Neural Imaging and Sensing; and Optogenetics and Optical Manipulation CY FEB 13-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE lipid nanopore; thallium; nanoporation; infrared nerve stimulation; action potential (AP) ID OPTICAL STIMULATION; IN-VIVO; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; LIGHT; PERTURBATION AB Short infrared (IR) laser pulses on the order of hundreds of microseconds to single milliseconds with typical wavelengths of 1800-2100 nm, have shown the capability to reversibly stimulate action potentials (AP) in neuronal cells. While the IR stimulation technique has proven successful for several applications, the exact mechanism(s) underlying the AP generation has remained elusive. To better understand how IR pulses cause AP stimulation, we determined the threshold for the formation of nanopores in the plasma membrane. Using a surrogate calcium ion, thallium, which is roughly the same shape and charge, but lacks the biological functionality of calcium, we recorded the flow of thallium ions into an exposed cell in the presence of a battery of channel antagonists. The entry of thallium into the cell indicated that the ions entered via nanopores. The data presented here demonstrate a basic understanding of the fundamental effects of IR stimulation and speculates that nanopores, formed in response to the IR exposure, play an upstream role in the generation of AP. C1 [Roth, Caleb C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol Sci, Sch Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Roth, Caleb C.] Engility Corp, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Barnes, Ronald A., Jr.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Ibey, Bennett L.] US Air Force, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Glickman, Randolph D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Ophthalmol, Sch Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Beier, Hope T.] US Air Force, Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,4141 Petr Rd, Jbsa Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Roth, CC (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol Sci, Sch Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.; Roth, CC (reprint author), Engility Corp, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-960-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9690 AR UNSP 96901L DI 10.1117/12.2214892 PG 7 WC Neuroimaging; Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF6KU UT WOS:000383224700021 ER PT S AU Carson, D Graham, J Ternovskiy, I AF Carson, Daniel Graham, James Ternovskiy, Igor BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Visualizing Output for a Data Learning Algorithm SO CYBER SENSING 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE learning algorithm; autonomous learning; sense-making; data modeling; data visualization AB This paper details the process we went through to visualize the output for our data learning algorithm. We have been developing a hierarchical self-structuring learning algorithm based around the general principles of the LaRue model. One example of a proposed application of this algorithm would be traffic analysis, chosen because it is conceptually easy to follow and there is a significant amount of already existing data and related research material with which to work with. While we choose the tracking of vehicles for our initial approach, it is by no means the only target of our algorithm. Flexibility is the end goal, however, we still need somewhere to start. To that end, this paper details our creation of the visualization GUI for our algorithm, the features we included and the initial results we obtained from our algorithm running a few of the traffic based scenarios we designed. C1 [Carson, Daniel; Graham, James] Riverside Res, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Carson, Daniel; Ternovskiy, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. RP Ternovskiy, I (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0067-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9826 AR UNSP 98260F DI 10.1117/12.2228742 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LD UT WOS:000383239000009 ER PT S AU Graham, J Carson, D Ternovskiy, I AF Graham, James Carson, Daniel Ternovskiy, Igor BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Implementing a Self-structuring Data Learning Algorithm SO CYBER SENSING 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE learning algorithm; autonomous learning; algorithm implementation; data modeling AB In this paper, we elaborate on what we did to implement our self-structuring data learning algorithm. To recap, we are working to develop a data learning algorithm that will eventually be capable of goal driven pattern learning and extrapolation of more complex patterns from less complex ones. At this point we have developed a conceptual framework for the algorithm, but have yet to discuss our actual implementation and the consideration and shortcuts we needed to take to create said implementation. We will elaborate on our initial setup of the algorithm and the scenarios we used to test our early stage algorithm. While we want this to be a general algorithm, it is necessary to start with a simple scenario or two to provide a viable development and testing environment. To that end, our discussion will be geared toward what we include in our initial implementation and why, as well as what concerns we may have. In the future, we expect to be able to apply our algorithm to a more general approach, but to do so within a reasonable time, we needed to pick a place to start. C1 [Graham, James] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Graham, James; Carson, Daniel] Riverside Res, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Ternovskiy, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. RP Ternovskiy, I (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0067-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9826 AR UNSP 98260G DI 10.1117/12.2228743 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LD UT WOS:000383239000010 ER PT S AU Ternovskiy, I Graham, J Carson, D AF Ternovskiy, Igor Graham, James Carson, Daniel BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Self-structuring Data Learning Algorithm SO CYBER SENSING 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE learning algorithm; autonomous learning; sense-making; data modeling AB In this paper, we propose a hierarchical self-structuring learning algorithm based around the general principles of the Stanovich/Evans framework and "Quest" group definition of unexpected query. One of the main goals of our algorithm is for it to be capable of patterns learning and extrapolating more complex patterns from less complex ones. This pattern learning, influenced by goals, either learned or predetermined, should be able to detect and reconcile anomalous behaviors. One example of a proposed application of this algorithm would be traffic analysis. We choose this example, because it is conceptually easy to follow. Despite the fact that we are unlikely to develop superior traffic tracking techniques using our algorithm, a traffic based scenario remains a good starting point if only do to the easy availability of data and the number of other known techniques. In any case, in this scenario, the algorithm would observe and track all vehicular traffic in a particular area. After some initial time passes, it would begin detecting and learning the traffic's patters. Eventually the patterns would stabilize. At that point, "new" patterns could be considered anomalies, flagged, and handled accordingly. This is only one, particular application of our proposed algorithm. Ideally, we want to make it as general as possible, such that it can be applies to numerous different problems with varying types of sensory input and data types, such as IR, RF, visual, census data, meta data, etc. C1 [Ternovskiy, Igor] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Graham, James] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Graham, James; Carson, Daniel] Riverside Res, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Ternovskiy, I (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0067-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9826 AR UNSP 98260E DI 10.1117/12.2228739 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LD UT WOS:000383239000008 ER PT J AU Chapa, JO AF Chapa, Joseph O. TI Reformed Soteriology in Kierkegaard's Philosophical Fragments SO JOURNAL OF REFORMED THEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soteriology; Calvinism; Kierkegaard; Climacus; absolute paradox AB Johannes Climacus, pseudonymous author of Kierkegaard's Philosophical Fragments, presents to his reader the "absolute paradox." Though initially presented in terms of Socratic and Un-Socratic theories of knowledge, this paper argues that Climacus' paradox is concerned with the tension between soteriological claims about human agency and divine sovereignty. Does man choose God? Or does God choose man? Though Climacus draws stark contrasts between the Socratic and the Un-Socratic, he goes to great lengths to retain them both. Through Climacus' synthesis, Kierkegaard demonstrates his acceptance of free will and determinism as an uneasy unity-a kind of unstable equilibrium. This view of Fragments results in an emphasis on human agency that is affirmed in the broader Kierkegaardian corpus: Rather than being paralyzed by one's inability to fathom the absolute paradox, Kierkegaard insists that one move forward in spite of the paradox, take the leap, and do Christianity. C1 [Chapa, Joseph O.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chapa, JO (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM joseph.chapa@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-5163 EI 1569-7312 J9 J REFORM THEOL JI J. Reform. Theol. PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1163/15697312-01002014 PG 19 WC Religion SC Religion GA DW5FD UT WOS:000383667300003 ER PT S AU Astratov, VN Maslov, AV Allen, KW Farahi, N Li, Y Brettin, A Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM Liberman, V Rothschild, M AF Astratov, V. N. Maslov, A. V. Allen, K. W. Farahi, N. Li, Y. Brettin, A. Limberopoulos, N. I. Walker, D. E., Jr. Urbas, A. M. Liberman, V. Rothschild, M. BE Cartwright, AN Nicolau, DV TI Fundamental limits of super-resolution microscopy by dielectric microspheres and microfibers SO NANOSCALE IMAGING, SENSING, AND ACTUATION FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XIII CY FEB 15-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical super-resolution; near-field microscopy; confocal microscopy ID DIFFRACTION LIMIT; LIGHT; RESOLUTION; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSCOPE AB In recent years, optical super-resolution by microspheres and microfibers emerged as a new paradigm in nanoscale label-free and fluorescence imaging. However, the mechanisms of such imaging are still not completely understood and the resolution values are debated. In this work, the fundamental limits of super-resolution imaging by high-index barium-titanate microspheres and silica microfibers are studied using nanoplasmonic arrays made from Au and Al. A rigorous resolution analysis is developed based on the object's convolution with the point-spread function that has width well below the conventional (similar to lambda/2) diffraction limit, where. is the illumination wavelength. A resolution of similar to lambda/6-lambda/7 is demonstrated for imaging nanoplasmonic arrays by microspheres. Similar resolution was demonstrated for microfibers in the direction perpendicular to the fiber axis with hundreds of times larger field-of-view in comparison to microspheres. Using numerical solution of Maxwell's equations, it is shown that extraordinary close point objects can be resolved in the far field, if they oscillate out of phase. Possible super-resolution using resonant excitation of whispering gallery modes is also studied. C1 [Astratov, V. N.; Allen, K. W.; Farahi, N.; Li, Y.; Brettin, A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Maslov, A. V.] Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Dept Radiophys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Brettin, A.; Limberopoulos, N. I.; Walker, D. E., Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, A. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liberman, V.; Rothschild, M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Allen, K. W.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Adv Concepts Lab, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM astratov@uncc.edu RI Maslov, Alexey/E-5158-2011 OI Maslov, Alexey/0000-0002-7835-2474 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-955-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9721 AR 97210K DI 10.1117/12.2212762 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Chemistry; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6UP UT WOS:000383735500010 ER PT S AU Chen, HM Blasch, E Pham, K Wang, ZH Chen, GS AF Chen, Hua-mei Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Wang, Zhonghai Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI An investigation of image compression on NIIRS rating degradation through automated image analysis SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE NIIRS; image compression; image degradation; general image quality equations; GIQE; ground sampling; distance; relative edge response AB The National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS) is a subjective quantification of static image widely adopted by the Geographic Information System (GIS) community. Efforts have been made to relate NIIRS image quality to sensor parameters using the general image quality equations (GIQE), which make it possible to automatically predict the NIIRS rating of an image through automated image analysis. In this paper, we present an automated procedure to extract line edge profile based on which the NIIRS rating of a given image can be estimated through the GIQEs if the ground sampling distance (GSD) is known. Steps involved include straight edge detection, edge stripes determination, and edge intensity determination, among others. Next, we show how to employ GIQEs to estimate NIIRS degradation without knowing the ground truth GSD and investigate the effects of image compression on the degradation of an image's NIIRS rating. Specifically, we consider JPEG and JPEG2000 image compression standards. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the effect of image compression on the ground sampling distance and relative edge response, which are the major factors effecting NIIRS rating. C1 [Chen, Hua-mei; Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 983811 DI 10.1117/12.2224631 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200032 ER PT S AU Chen, Y Blasch, E Chen, N Deng, AN Ling, HB Chen, GS AF Chen, Yu Blasch, Erik Chen, Ning Deng, Anna Ling, Haibin Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Real-Time WAMI Streaming Target Tracking in Fog SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fog Computing; WAMI (Wide-Area Motion Imagery); Container-based Virtualization AB Real-time information fusion based on WAMI (Wide-Area Motion Imagery), FMV (Full Motion Video), and text data is highly desired for many mission critical emergency or security applications. Cloud Computing has been considered promising to achieve big data integration from multi-modal sources. In many mission critical tasks, however, powerful Cloud technology cannot satisfy the tight latency tolerance as the servers are allocated far from the sensing platform. Therefore, data processing, information fusion, and decision making are required to be executed on-site (i.e., near the data collection). Fog Computing, a recently proposed extension and complement for Cloud Computing, enables computing on-site without outsourcing jobs to a remote Cloud. In this work, we have investigated the feasibility of processing streaming WAMI in the Fog for real-time, online, uninterrupted target tracking. Using a single target tracking algorithm, we studied the performance of a Fog Computing prototype. The experimental results are very encouraging that validate the effectiveness of our Fog approach to achieve real-time frame rates. C1 [Chen, Yu; Chen, Ning; Deng, Anna] Binghamton Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Binghamton Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM ychen@bighamton.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 DI 10.1117/12.2223975 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200012 ER PT S AU Jia, B Liu, K Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Jia, Bin Liu, Kui Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Accelerated Space Object Tracking via Graphic Processing Unit SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Gaussian Mixture Filter; Monte Carlo; Orbit determination; Graphics processing unit AB In this paper, a hybrid Monte Carlo Gauss mixture Kalman filter is proposed for the continuous orbit estimation problem. Specifically, the graphic processing unit (GPU) aided Monte Carlo method is used to propagate the uncertainty of the estimation when the observation is not available and the Gauss mixture Kalman filter is used to update the estimation when the observation sequences are available. A typical space object tracking problem using the ground radar is used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the popular cubature Kalman filter (CKF). The simulation results show that the ordinary CKF diverges in 5 observation periods. In contrast, the proposed hybrid Monte Carlo Gauss mixture Kalman filter achieves satisfactory performance in all observation periods. In addition, by using the GPU, the computational time is over 100 times less than that using the conventional central processing unit (CPU). C1 [Jia, Bin; Liu, Kui; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 983803 DI 10.1117/12.2224966 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200002 ER PT S AU Li, L Wang, G Tian, X Shen, D Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Li, Lun Wang, Gang Tian, Xin Shen, Dan Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI SINR Estimation for SATCOM in the Environment with Jamming Signals SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR); maximum likelihood (ML); SINR estimation ID UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION; DESIGNS; CHANNEL AB In this paper we consider a problem of estimating the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for satellite transmission system in the presence of jamming signals. Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels are considered for baseband quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) data transmission system. Two interference models are proposed with Gaussian or non-Gaussian interference signals in order to investigate the SINR for different satellite transmission jamming scenarios. Roth non-data-aided moment-based and data-aided maximum likelihood SINR estimators are derived for the systems. The normalized mean square errors of the SINR estimation algorithms are examined by means of computer simulations. The numerical results show the robustness of derived SINR estimators. The development of the SINR estimators are applicable to a large number of applications utilizing satellite comniunication systems. C1 [Li, Lun; Wang, Gang; Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM lun.li@intfusiontech.com; gang.wang@intfusiontech.com; xtian@intfusiontech.com; dshen@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380P DI 10.1117/12.2225153 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200022 ER PT S AU Mo, ZJ Wang, ZH Xiang, XY Wang, G Chen, GS Nguyen, T Pham, K Blasch, E AF Mo, Zijian Wang, Zhonghai Xiang, Xingyu Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Nguyen, Tien Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI A study of multiple access schemes in satellite control network SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Satellite control network (SCN); multiple access scheme; frequency division multiple access (FDMA); coded division multiple access (CDMA); spectrum efficiency; interference mitigation AB Satellite Control Networks (SCN) have provided launch control for space lift vehicles; tracking, telemetry and commanding (TTC) for on-orbit satellites; and, test support for space experiments since the 1960s. Currently, SCNs encounter a new challenge: how to maintain the high reliability of services when sharing the spectrum with emerging commercial services. To achieve this goal, the capability of multiple satellites reception is deserved as an update/modernization of SCN in the future. In this paper, we conducts an investigation of multiple access techniques in SCN scenario, e.g., frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and coded division multiple access (CDMA). First, we introduce two upgrade options of SCN based on FDMA and CDMA techniques. Correspondingly, we also provide their performance analysis, especially the system improvement in spectrum efficiency and interference mitigation. Finally, to determine the optimum upgrade option, this work uses CRISP, i.e., Cost, Risk, Installation, Supportability and Performance, as the baseline approach for a comprehensive trade study of these two options. Extensive numerical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the theoretical development. C1 [Mo, Zijian; Wang, Zhonghai; Xiang, Xingyu; Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technolgoy Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Nguyen, Tien] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Mo, ZJ (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technolgoy Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380O DI 10.1117/12.2225413 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200021 ER PT S AU Murray-Krezan, J AF Murray-Krezan, Jeremy BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Sensitivity Analysis of a Space-Based Multi-Band Infrared Imager for GEO Belt Debris Study SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space Situational Awareness; Space Control; Infrared imaging; Space-Based Sensing; Sensor Performance; Space Debris; Space Environmental Hazards AB Thousands of space objects in the Earth orbital-region known as the GEO belt are categorized as debris. Relatively little is known about the thousands of space debris objects. Remote sensing techniques offer the only viable opportunity to learn more about these objects. In this paper an analysis is performed for observations using a hypothetical space-based multi-band infrared instrument to measure characteristics of GEO belt space debris. The purpose of this study is to understand the limitations of such an instrument and sensing modality for studying GEO belt space debris. Although certain aspects of this study are analytical, the results are anchored with results from the NASA-WISE experiments. C1 [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Murray-Krezan, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380A DI 10.1117/12.2224502 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200009 ER PT S AU Shu, ZH Tian, X Wang, G Shen, D Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Shu, Zhihui Tian, Xin Wang, Gang Shen, Dan Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Mitigation of weather on channel propagation for satellite communications SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Markov chain model; weather state steady probability; transition matrix; path loss; power control AB This paper investigates weather effects on a satellite communication (SATCOM) link communication channel model. Specifically, rain attenuation in the Ka band and X band of the SATCOM link for both uplink and downlink scenarios are presented. The weather model for the SATCOM link uses a Markov chain model with an average probability and transition probability for different states of weather, to investigate the impact of dynamic weather on the SATCOM link channel propagation model. Also, a power control method is proposed to achieve the required carrier to noise ratio in a SATCOM scenario using a Bayesian Network in Netica. The Bayesian Network models the space-ground link geometry and transmit power control to adapt to the dynamic weather. Simulations are implemented for the weather states during relatively long and short periods, path loss variations, and transmit power distributions over different scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed weather model, Markov chain model, and the power control method for SATCOM. C1 [Shu, Zhihui; Tian, Xin; Wang, Gang; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] AFRL, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380J DI 10.1117/12.2224639 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200018 ER PT S AU Wang, G Wei, SX Chen, GS Tian, X Shen, D Pham, K Nguyen, TM Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Wei, Sixiao Chen, Genshe Tian, Xin Shen, Dan Pham, Khanh Nguyen, Tien M. Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Cyber Security with Radio Frequency Interferences Mitigation Study for Satellite Systems SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cyber security; radio frequency interferences; SATCOM; GNSS; multi-layered satellite system; cross-layer design; multi-path routing AB Satellite systems including the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the satellite communications (SATCOM) system provide great convenience and utility to human life including emergency response, wide area efficient communications, and effective transportation. Elements of satellite systems incorporate technologies such as navigation with the global positioning system (GPS), satellite digital video broadcasting, and information transmission with a very small aperture terminal (VSAT), etc. The satellite systems importance is growing in prominence with end users' requirement for globally high data rate transmissions; the cost reduction of launching satellites; development of smaller sized satellites including cubesat, nanosat, picosat, and femtosat; and integrating internet services with satellite networks. However, with the promising benefits, challenges remain to fully develop secure and robust satellite systems with pervasive computing and communications. In this paper, we investigate both cyber security and radio frequency (RF) interferences mitigation for satellite systems, and demonstrate that they are not isolated. The action space for both cyber security and RF interferences are firstly summarized for satellite systems, based on which the mitigation schemes for both cyber security and RF interferences are given. A multi-layered satellite systems structure is provided with cross-layer design considering multi-path routing and channel coding, to provide great security and diversity gains for secure and robust satellite systems. C1 [Wang, Gang; Wei, Sixiao; Chen, Genshe; Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Nguyen, Tien M.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380K DI 10.1117/12.2224632 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200019 ER PT S AU Wang, ZH Lin, XP Xiang, XY Blasch, E Pham, K Chen, GS Shen, D Jia, B Wang, G AF Wang, Zhonghai Lin, Xingping Xiang, Xingyu Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Jia, Bin Wang, Gang BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI An Airborne Low SWaP-C UAS Sense and Avoid System SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ABSAA; FFT; LFMCW; radar; smart antenna; SWaP; UAS; well clear region AB This paper presents a low size, weight and power - cost (SWaP-C) airborne sense and avoid (ABSAA) system, which is based on a linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) radar and can be mounted on small unmanned aircraft system (UAS). The system satisfies the constraint of the available sources on group 2/3 UAS. To obtain the desired sense and avoid range, a narrow band frequency (or range) scanning technique is applied for reducing the receiver's noise floor to improve its sensitivity, and a digital signal integration with fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The gate length and chirp rate are intelligently adapted to not only accommodate different object distances, speeds and approaching angle conditions, but also optimize the detection speed, resolution and coverage range. To minimize the radar blind zone, a higher chirp rate and a narrowband intermediate frequency (IF) filter are applied at the near region with a single antenna signal for target detection. The offset IF frequency between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) is designed to mitigate the TX leakage to the receiver, especially at close distances. Adaptive antenna gain and beam-width are utilized for searching at far distance and fast 360 degree middle range. For speeding up the system update rate, lower chirp rates and wider IF and baseband filters are applied for obtaining larger range scanning step length out of the near region. To make the system working with a low power transmitter (TX), multiple-antenna beamforming, digital signal integration with FFT, and a much narrower receiver (RX) bandwidth are applied at the far region. The ABSAA system working range is 2 miles with a 1W transmitter and single antenna signal detection, and it is 5 miles when a 5W transmitter and 4-antenna beamforming (BF) are applied. C1 [Wang, Zhonghai; Lin, Xingping; Xiang, Xingyu; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Jia, Bin; Wang, Gang] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380C DI 10.1117/12.2227221 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200011 ER PT S AU Wei, SX Zhang, HL Chen, GS Shen, D Yu, W Pham, KD Blasch, EP Cruz, JB AF Wei, Sixiao Zhang, Hanlin Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Yu, Wei Pham, Khanh D. Blasch, Erik P. Cruz, Jose B. BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI On Resilience Studies of System Detection and Recovery Techniques against Stealthy Insider Attacks SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID FUSION AB With the explosive growth of network technologies, insider attacks have become a major concern to business operations that largely rely on computer networks. To better detect insider attacks that marginally manipulate network traffic over time, and to recover the system from attacks, in this paper we implement a temporal-based detection scheme using the sequential hypothesis testing technique. Two hypothetical states are considered: the null hypothesis that the collected information is from benign historical traffic and the alternative hypothesis that the network is under attack. The objective of such a detection scheme is to recognize the change within the shortest time by comparing the two defined hypotheses. In addition, once the attack is detected, a server migration-based system recovery scheme can be triggered to recover the system to the state prior to the attack. To understand mitigation of insider attacks, a multi-functional web display of the detection analysis was developed for real-time analytic. Experiments using real-world traffic traces evaluate the effectiveness of Detection System and Recovery (DeSyAR) scheme. The evaluation data validates the detection scheme based on sequential hypothesis testing and the server migration-based system recovery scheme can perform well in effectively detecting insider attacks and recovering the system under attack. C1 [Wei, Sixiao; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Zhang, Hanlin; Yu, Wei] Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Cruz, Jose B.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA.; Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com; wyu@towson.edu OI Zhang, Hanlin/0000-0001-8869-6863 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380G DI 10.1117/12.2225409 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200015 ER PT S AU Xiang, XY Mo, ZJ Wang, ZH Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Xiang, Xingyu Mo, Zijian Wang, Zhonghai Chen, Genshe Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI An Improved MIMO-SAR Simulator Strategy with Ray Tracing SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Ray Tracing AB High resolution and wide-swath imaging can be obtained by Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with the state of the art technologies. The time division multiple access (TDMA) MIMO SAR mimics the motion of the antenna of SAR systems by switching the array channels to transmit the radar signals at different time slots. In this paper, we develop a simulation tool with ray tracing techniques to retrieve high resolution and accurate SAR images for development of MIMO SAR imaging methods. Without loss of generality, in the proposed simulator, we apply a TDMA MIMO SAR system with 13 transmitting antennas and 8 receiving antennas, where all transmitting antennas share a single transmitter and the receiving antennas share a single receiver. By comparing with the normal simulation MIMO SAR strategies, the simulation image using ray tracing results validate that the proposed method provides more accurate and higher resolution SAR images. C1 [Xiang, Xingyu; Mo, Zijian; Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technolgoy Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Xiang, XY (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technolgoy Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380B DI 10.1117/12.2227219 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200010 ER PT S AU Xiang, XY Mo, ZJ Wang, ZH Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Xiang, Xingyu Mo, Zijian Wang, Zhonghai Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Constellation Labeling Optimization for Bit-Interleaved Coded APSK SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE DVB; satellite; LDPC; APSK; constellation mapping ID MODULATION; MAPPINGS; CHANNEL AB This paper investigates the constellation and mapping optimization for amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation, which is deployed in Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite-Second Generation (DVB-S2) and Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite services to Handhelds (DVB-SH) broadcasting standards due to its merits of power and spectral efficiency together with the robustness against nonlinear distortion. The mapping optimization is performed for 32-APSK according to combined cost functions related to Euclidean distance and mutual information. A Binary switching algorithm and its modified version are used to minimize the cost function and the estimated error between the original and received data. The optimized constellation mapping is tested by combining DVB-S2 standard Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes in both Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and BICM with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) systems. The simulated results validate the proposed constellation labeling optimization scheme which yields better performance against conventional 32-APSK constellation defined in DVB-S2 standard. C1 [Xiang, Xingyu; Mo, Zijian; Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Xiang, XY (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM xingyu.xiang@intfusiontech.com; zijian.mo@intfusiontech.com; zwang@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380Q DI 10.1117/12.2225414 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200023 ER PT S AU Xiong, WH Wang, G Tian, X Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Xiong, Wenhao Wang, Gang Tian, Xin Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Hybrid Onboard and Ground Based Digital Channelizer Beam-forming for SATCOM Interference Mitigation and Protection SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Beam-forming; interference mitigation; signal leakage control; hybrid onboard and ground based process; digital channelizer beam-forming; frugal water filling AB In this work, we propose a novel beam-forming power allocation method for a satellite communication (SATCOM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to mitigate the co-channel interference (CCI) as well as limiting the signal leakage to the adversary users. In SATCOM systems, the beam-forming technique is a conventional way of avoiding interference, controlling the antenna beams, and mitigating undesired signals. We propose to use an advanced beam-forming technique which considers the number of independent channels used and transmitting power deployed to reduce and mitigate the unintentional interference effect. With certain quality of service (QoS) for the SATCOM system, independent channels components will be selected. It is desired to use less and stronger channel components when possible. On the other hand, considering that SATCOM systems often face the problem that adversary receiver detects the signal, a proposed power allocation method can efficiently reduce the received power at the adversary receiver. To reduce the computational burden on the transponder in order to minimize the size, mass, power consumption and delay for the satellite, we apply a hybrid onboard and ground based beam-forming design to distribute the calculation between the transponder and ground terminals. Also the digital channelizer beam-forming (DCB) technique is employed to achieve dynamic spatial control. C1 [Xiong, Wenhao; Wang, Gang; Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] AFRL, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Xiong, WH (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 AR 98380R DI 10.1117/12.2225457 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200024 ER PT S AU Yi, M Yang, F Blasch, E Sheaff, C Liu, K Chen, GS Ling, HB AF Yi, Meng Yang, Fan Blasch, Erik Sheaff, Carolyn Liu, Kui Chen, Genshe Ling, Haibin BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Vehicle Classification in WAMI Imagery using Deep Network SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE WAMI Imagery; Deep Network; Vehicle Detection AB Humans have always had a keen interest in understanding activities and the surrounding environment for mobility, communication, and survival. Thanks to recent progress in photography and breakthroughs in aviation, we are now able to capture tens of megapixels of ground imagery, namely Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI), at multiple frames per second from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). WAMI serves as a great source for many applications, including security, urban planning and route planning. These applications require fast and accurate image understanding which is time consuming for humans, due to the large data volume and city-scale area coverage. Therefore, automatic processing and understanding of WAMI imagery has been gaining attention in both industry and the research community. This paper focuses on an essential step in WAMI imagery analysis, namely vehicle classification. That is, deciding whether a certain image patch contains a vehicle or not. We collect a set of positive and negative sample image patches, for training and testing the detector. Positive samples are 64 x 64 image patches centered on annotated vehicles. We generate two sets of negative images. The first set is generated from positive images with some location shift. The second set of negative patches is generated from randomly sampled patches. We also discard those patches if a vehicle accidentally locates at the center. Both positive and negative samples are randomly divided into 9000 training images and 3000 testing images. We propose to train a deep convolution network for classifying these patches. The classifier is based on a pre-trained AlexNet Model in the Caffe library, with an adapted loss function for vehicle classification. The performance of our classifier is compared to several traditional image classifier methods using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features. While the SVM+HOG method achieves an accuracy of 91.2%, the accuracy of our deep network-based classifier reaches 97.9%. C1 [Yi, Meng; Yang, Fan; Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Liu, Kui; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik; Sheaff, Carolyn] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Yi, M (reprint author), Temple Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM mengyi@temple.edu; tug13683@temple.edu; erik.blasch@us.af.mil; carolyn.sheaff@us.af.mil; kui.liu@intfusiontech.com; gcheng@intfusiontech.com; hbling@temple.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0079-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9838 DI 10.1117/12.2224916 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6KP UT WOS:000383224200013 ER PT S AU Burke, JH Lemke, ND Phelps, GR Martin, KW AF Burke, John H. Lemke, Nathan D. Phelps, Gretchen R. Martin, Kyle W. BE Shahriar, SM Scheuer, J TI A compact, high-performance all optical atomic clock based on telecom lasers SO SLOW LIGHT, FAST LIGHT, AND OPTO-ATOMIC PRECISION METROLOGY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Slow Light, Fast Light, and Opto-Atomic Precision Metrology IX CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Frequency Standard; Atomic Clock; Photonic Oscillator; Frequency Comb; Rubidium ID 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; RUBIDIUM AB We discuss an optical atomic clock based on a two-photon transition at 778 nm in rubidium. In particular, we discuss the fundamental limitations to the short-term stability of a system based on a commercial C-band telecom laser as opposed to a near infrared laser. We show that this system is fundamentally capable of besting a hydrogen MASER in frequency stability and size. C1 [Burke, John H.] Air Force Res Lab, 1550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lemke, Nathan D.; Phelps, Gretchen R.] Space Dynam Lab, 1550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Martin, Kyle W.] Appl Technol Associates, 1550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Burke, JH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 1550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-998-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9763 AR UNSP 976304 DI 10.1117/12.2220212 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6LA UT WOS:000383236400002 ER PT S AU Stites, RW Harris, TR AF Stites, Ronald W. Harris, Thomas R. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Spectroscopic investigation of Yb,Ho,Pr:YAG as a 3 mu m laser source SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXV - Technology and Devices CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE YAG; rare-earth lasers; infra-red lasers; MWIR ID IONS; HO3+; EMISSION; CRYSTAL; YB3+ AB In addition to the well-established I-5(7) to I-5(8) transition at 2.09 mu m in holmium doped laser materials, there also exists a less energetic transition from the I-5(6) level to I-5(7) at 2.95 mu m. As there has been a recent increase in interest and applications for 3.0 mu m light, this material stands to be a viable alternative to other rare earth doped laser systems. Unfortunately, the wavelength required to directly pump the I-5(6) level at 1.13 mu m is not convenient for commercial laser diodes. Furthermore, the emission lifetime of the I-5(7) state is longer than the I-5(6) level, leading to a suppression of lasing due to " bottlenecking" in the material. To overcome these effects, we investigated the activation and deactivation of holmium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) using ytterbium and praseodymium respectively. By including ytterbium ions in the host material, readily available 914 nm diode light can be used to resonantly excite the I-5(6) level in holmium. Similarly, the presence of praseodymium resonantly de-excites the I-5(7) state, reducing its lifetime, and making the material more suitable for lasing. Here, we report the absorption and photoluminescence spectra of this triply doped Yb, Ho, Pr: YAG crystal. In addition, the emission lifetime for both the 2.09 mu m and 2.95 mu m transitions are reported and compared to a Yb, Ho:YAG control sample. C1 [Stites, Ronald W.; Harris, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stites, RW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.stites.3@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-961-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9726 AR 97261O DI 10.1117/12.2209625 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF6XP UT WOS:000383765300044 ER PT S AU Sanchez, L Patino, G Murray, V Lyke, J AF Sanchez, Luis Patino, Giancarlo Murray, Victor Lyke, James BE Julian, P Andreou, AG TI Reduced power consumption in the FPGA-based Universal Link for LVDS Communications SO 2016 IEEE 7TH LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS & SYSTEMS (LASCAS) SE IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS) CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2016 CL Florianopolis, BRAZIL SP IEEE, Univ Fed Santa Catarina, MentorGraphics, Creat Solut, Macnica DHW, Synopsys, imec DE Universal Link; LVDS; spacewire AB We present a novel version of the FPGA-based Universal Link for LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling) communications that reduces the power consumption by sending the information only when a new data is input. In the a regular LVDS protocol, 4 wires are required for a full duplex communication. The aim of the Universal Link is to reduce the amount of wires in the network by sending data from N signal through a single connection. These new approach reduces the number of bits transmitted to 84% of the original system, when N = 2, and up to 23% for N > 130. Also, the sampling frequency is considerable reduced. C1 [Sanchez, Luis; Patino, Giancarlo; Murray, Victor] Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn, Lima, Peru. [Murray, Victor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lyke, James] US Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Sanchez, L (reprint author), Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn, Lima, Peru. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-9954 BN 978-1-4673-7835-2 J9 IEEE LAT AMER SYMP PY 2016 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5GT UT WOS:000381984000063 ER PT S AU Climer, J Mendenhall, MJ AF Climer, Jonathon Mendenhall, Michael J. BE Merenyi, E Mendenhall, MJ ODriscoll, P TI Dynamic Prototype Addition in Generalized Learning Vector Quantization SO ADVANCES IN SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS AND LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION, WSOM 2016 SE Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM) CY JAN 06-08, 2016 CL Rice Univ, Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, Dept Stat, Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Inst Technol HO Rice Univ DE Dynamic/incremental learning vector quantization; Large margin classifier; Cost minimization ID RECOGNITION AB Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) is a powerful supervised learning method for classification that uses a network of prototype vectors to form a decision surface. Generalization theory shows there is a non-trivial number of prototype vectors that yield the best generalization. Although it is typical to assign the same number of prototype vectors for each class, other LVQ methods add prototypes dynamically (incrementally) during training. This work offers an extension to the existing dynamic LVQs that minimizes the cost function of Generalized LVQ by focusing on the set of misclassified samples. This cost minimization occurs between the largest cost-contributing class and its nearest "confuser class". A comparison is made between other prototype insertion methods and compares their classification performance, the number of prototype resources required to obtain that accuracy, and the impact on the cost function. C1 [Climer, Jonathon; Mendenhall, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Climer, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathon.climer@afit.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2194-5357 BN 978-3-319-28518-4; 978-3-319-28517-7 J9 ADV INTELL SYST PY 2016 VL 428 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-28518-4_31 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF5CY UT WOS:000381879200031 ER PT J AU Mohan, MT Sritharan, SS AF Mohan, Manil T. Sritharan, Sivaguru S. TI Stochastic Euler equations of fluid dynamics with Levy noise SO ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Euler equations of fluid dynamics; Levy process; commutator estimates ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE; MARTINGALE SOLUTIONS; JUMP NOISE; EXISTENCE; DRIVEN AB In this work we prove the existence and uniqueness of pathwise solutions up to a stopping time to the stochastic Euler equations perturbed by additive and multiplicative Levy noise in two and three dimensions. The existence of a unique maximal solution is also proved. C1 [Mohan, Manil T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sritharan, Sivaguru S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Off Vice Chancellor & Provost, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sritharan, SS (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Off Vice Chancellor & Provost, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM manil.thankamanimohan@afit.edu; sivaguru.sritharan@afit.edu OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X FU National Research Council (NRC); U.S. Army Research Office, Probability and Statistics program FX Manil T. Mohan would like to thank National Research Council (NRC) for Research Associateship Award. S.S. Sritharan's work has been funded by U.S. Army Research Office, Probability and Statistics program. Manil T. Mohan would also like to thank Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) for providing stimulating scientific environment and resources. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-7134 EI 1875-8576 J9 ASYMPTOTIC ANAL JI Asymptotic Anal. PY 2016 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 103 DI 10.3233/ASY-161376 PG 37 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA DV8OH UT WOS:000383195800004 ER PT J AU Weisman, R Majji, M Alfriend, KT AF Weisman, Ryan Majji, Manoranjan Alfriend, Kyle T. TI Solution of Liouville's Equation for Uncertainty Characterization of the Main Problem in Satellite Theory SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Astrodynamics; Uncertainty Quantification ID ARTIFICIAL-SATELLITE; DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION; VARIABLES; ORBIT AB This paper presents a closed form solution to Liouville's equation governing the evolution of the probability density function associated with the motion of a body in a central force field and subject to J(2). It is shown that the application of transformation of variables formula for mapping uncertainties is equivalent to the method of characteristics for computing the time evolution of the probability density function that forms the solution of the Liouville's partial differential equation. The insights derived from the nature of the solution to Liouville's equation are used to reduce the dimensionality of uncertainties in orbital element space. It is demonstrated that the uncertainty propagation is fastest in the semi-major axis and the mean anomaly phase sub-space. The results obtained for uncertainty propagation for the two body problem are applied to investigate the uncertainty propagation in the presence of the J(2) perturbation using a combination of osculating and mean element perturbation theory. Analytical orbital uncertainty propagation calculations are validated using Monte-Carlo results for several representative orbits. C1 [Weisman, Ryan] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVSV 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Majji, Manoranjan] SUNY Buffalo, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 318 Jarvis Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Alfriend, Kyle T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Weisman, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVSV 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 EI 1526-1506 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 111 IS 3 SI SI BP 269 EP 304 PG 36 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA DV8VG UT WOS:000383214200004 ER PT S AU Look, DC Heller, ER Yao, YF Yang, CC AF Look, David C. Heller, E. R. Yao, Y. F. Yang, C. C. BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Debye tail mobility enhancement in ZnO:Ga/ZnO structures SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices VII CY FEB 14-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ZnO; mobility; Hall effect; molecular-beam epitaxy AB A highly-Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) layer of thickness d grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on an undoped ZnO buffer layer exhibits enhanced mobility mu due to electron diffusion (about 2 nm) from the low-mobility GZO into the high-mobility ZnO. For d = 300 nm, the combined GZO/ZnO structure has Hall mobility mu = 34.2 cm(2)/V-s, due almost entirely to electrons in the GZO, whereas for d = 50, 25, or 5 nm, mu = 37.0, 43.4, and 64.1 cm(2)/V-s, respectively, due to the influence of electrons in the ZnO. This observation of an increase of mu with decrease in d is very unusual for thin films of GZO on various substrates. However, Poisson analysis and degenerate scattering theory accurately predict the measured values of mu vs d with no adjustable parameters. For the case d = 5 nm, only 9.7% of the electrons from the GZO diffuse into the ZnO, but those closest to the interface can have mu > 200 cm(2)/V-s, raising the overall mobility from 34 to 64 cm(2)/V-s. More complicated structures can produce higher percentages of electrons in the ZnO and thus even higher mobilities. For example, simulation shows that six repeated units of a 1-nm-GZO/2-nm-ZnO structure will have 43% of the electrons in the ZnO and an average mobility of 152 cm(2)/V-s. This structure has roughly the same conductance as that of a GZO-only layer having the same total thickness (18 nm), but a much lower free-carrier concentration and thus a much higher transmittance in the near IR. This "Debye-tail" technology allows optimization of the conductance/transmittance tradeoff for different applications of transparent conductive oxides. C1 [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] Wyle Labs, 2601 Mission Point Blvd, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, David C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heller, E. R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yao, Y. F.; Yang, C. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Photon & Optoelect, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.; Look, DC (reprint author), Wyle Labs, 2601 Mission Point Blvd, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.; Look, DC (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-984-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9749 AR UNSP 974902 DI 10.1117/12.2217683 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DJ UT WOS:000382989200001 ER PT S AU Criner, A Schehl, N AF Criner, Amanda Schehl, Norman BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI Regression analysis of non-contact acousto-thermal signature data SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC AB The non-contact acousto-thermal signature (NCATS) is a nondestructive evaluation technique with potential to detect fatigue in materials such as noisy titanium and polymer matrix composites. The underlying physical mechanisms and properties may be determined by parameter estimation via nonlinear regression. The nonlinear regression analysis formulation, including the underlying models, is discussed. Several models and associated data analyses are given along with the assumptions implicit in the underlying model. The results are anomalous. These anomalous results are evaluated with respect to the accuracy of the implicit assumptions. C1 [Criner, Amanda] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schehl, Norman] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Criner, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM amanda.criner.1@us.af.mil; norman.schehl.ctr@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 98610O DI 10.1117/12.2224169 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300020 ER PT J AU Rose, P Zhou, RL Qu, Y Chakarvarthy, V Wu, ZQ Zhang, ZP AF Rose, Paul Zhou, Ruolin Qu, Yang Chakarvarthy, Vasu Wu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhiping GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Hybrid Overlay/Underlay Waveform Generator with Spectrally Compliant Cognitive Capability via SD-SMSE Framework SO 2016 13TH IEEE ANNUAL CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE (CCNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) CY JAN 06-13, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB In this paper, a software defined radio (SDR) based waveform generator platform with spectrally compliant cognitive capability for cognitive radio (CR) and dynamic spectrum access (DSA) network is demonstrated. In our previous work, an overlay CR has been demonstrated via a spectrally modulated spectrally encoded (SMSE) framework to autonomously stitch unused spectrum fragments and transmit over non-contiguous frequency bands in a dynamically changing environment. Such an overlay CR can coexist with primary users (PUs) and other secondary users (SUs) without harmful interference by turning off the subcarriers which are shared with active PUs and other SUs on the band. To further enhance spectrum usage, we extend it and implement a hybrid overlay/underlay waveform generator via a soft-decision SMSE (SD-SMSE) framework, where both unused and under-used spectra are explored. Specifically, the hybrid overlay/underlay waveform can transmit over not only unused spectrum bands, but also under-used spectrum and share the spectrum with active PUs and other SUs by underlaying them, since PU/SU has certain capability to tolerant interference as long as the underlay transmission power is lower than such a interference tolerance level (ITL). On the other hand, if any active SU on the band is not a friendly transmission, the hybrid waveform can easily increase the transmission power underlaying with the SU much higher than the ITL to fully disrupt the unfriendly transmission. Moreover, the proposed platform is capable of generating conventional single-carrier waveform with different modulation schemes and radio frequency (RF) parameters. Therefore, the platform implements many desirable functions, realizes coexistence with PUs and other SUs or unfriendly transmission disruption, and maximizes the spectrum efficiency, as well as provides a testbed for cognitive radio and cognitive RF research and development. C1 [Rose, Paul; Zhou, Ruolin] Western New England Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Springfield, MA 01109 USA. [Qu, Yang; Wu, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Zhiping] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakarvarthy, Vasu] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rose, P (reprint author), Western New England Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Springfield, MA 01109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9292-1 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF5IN UT WOS:000382042200048 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZP Zhang, L Qu, Y Ellinger, J Wu, ZQ AF Zhang, Zhiping Zhang, Lin Qu, Yang Ellinger, John Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI High Performance Phase Rotated FD-MC-CDMA To Exploit Full Diversity SO 2016 13TH IEEE ANNUAL CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE (CCNC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) CY JAN 06-13, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB FD-MC-CDMA is an attractive frequency domain CDMA system that provides high performance in multi-path fading channels by exploiting both diversity gain and multi-user detection (MUD) gain. In FD-MC-CDMA, by decomposing the entire subcarrier set into multiple non-contiguous subcarrier sets, the number of interfering users within each subcarrier set is significantly reduced. As a direct result, an optimal maximum likelihood MUD receiver can be implemented at low complexity. In this paper, we first revisit previously developed phase rotation spreading code design to bring signal space diversity to conventional MC-CDMA systems. Similarly, due to the binary nature of the spreading codes, full diversity is not always exploited in FD-MC-CDMA system. Then we combine the phase rotated spreading code design scheme with FD-MC-CDMA system to exploit full diversity. With the phase rotated spreading codes and the exploitation of full diversity, the new FD-MC-CDMA system offers significant performance enhancement compared with the original FD-MC-CDMA system along with conventional MC-CDMA system. Simulation results over multi-path fading channels confirm the performance gain of the proposed scheme. C1 [Zhang, Zhiping; Qu, Yang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Zhang, Lin; Wu, Zhiqiang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Ellinger, John] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhang, ZP (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM Zhang.176@wright.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9292-1 PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF5IN UT WOS:000382042200159 ER PT J AU Yue, HL Subramanyam, G Cerny, C AF Yue, Hailing Subramanyam, Guru Cerny, Charles GP IEEE TI Modified Spiral Shaped Defected Ground Structure with Spurious Free Band Rejection Performance SO 2016 IEEE 17TH ANNUAL WIRELESS AND MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (WAMICON) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON) CY APR 11-13, 2016 CL Clearwater Beach, FL SP IEEE DE Adaptive filters; frequency selective surfaces; microwave filters; passive circuits; resonator filters ID FILTERS AB A modified spiral-shaped Defected Ground Structure (M-DGS) loaded on Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) transmission line is proposed in this letter. By removing the inner spiral turns from the conventional spiral-shaped DGS (C-DGS), spurious-free band-stop performance is achieved in a wide passband. The final testing structure cascaded six M-DGS cells to enhance the band-rejection behavior. Repeated measurements show that the notch depth is greater than -50dB at 3.64GHz within an area of 1.5 by 13mm(2). Insertion loss is under 3dB with no other harmonics up to 10GHz. For comparison purposes, C-DGS test structures with different numbers of removed spiral turns are also designed to validate the theory that the resonate frequency of a spiral-shaped DGS cell is dominantly controlled by the outermost spiral turn and each inner spiral turn contributes to the harmonics as well as some effect on the resonant frequencies and bandwidths. C1 [Yue, Hailing; Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cerny, Charles] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Yue, HL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yueh01@udayton.edu; gsubramamyam1@udayton.edu; Charles.Cerny.1@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1199-5 PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF5XP UT WOS:000382775500021 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE Biffinger, JC Cockrell-Zugell, AL Lo, M Kjoller, K Cook, D Lee, WK Pehrsson, PE Crookes-Goodson, WJ Hung, CS Nadeau, LJ Russell, JN AF Barlow, Daniel E. Biffinger, Justin C. Cockrell-Zugell, Allison L. Lo, Michael Kjoller, Kevin Cook, Debra Lee, Woo Kyung Pehrsson, Pehr E. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Hung, Chia-Suei Nadeau, Lloyd J. Russell, John N., Jr. TI The importance of correcting for variable probe-sample interactions in AFM-IR spectroscopy: AFM-IR of dried bacteria on a polyurethane film SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; RESPONSES; SURFACES; BIOFILMS; COATINGS AB AFM-IR is a combined atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy method that shows promise for nanoscale chemical characterization of biological-materials interactions. In an effort to apply this method to quantitatively probe mechanisms of microbiologically induced polyurethane degradation, we have investigated monolayer clusters of similar to 200 nm thick Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 bacteria (Pf) on a 300 nm thick polyether-polyurethane (PU) film. Here, the impact of the different biological and polymer mechanical properties on the thermomechanical AFM-IR detection mechanism was first assessed without the additional complication of polymer degradation. AFM-IR spectra of Pf and PU were compared with FTIR and showed good agreement. Local AFM-IR spectra of Pf on PU (Pf-PU) exhibited bands from both constituents, showing that AFM-IR is sensitive to chemical composition both at and below the surface. One distinct difference in local AFM-IR spectra on Pf-PU was an anomalous similar to 4x increase in IR peak intensities for the probe in contact with Pf versus PU. This was attributed to differences in probe-sample interactions. In particular, significantly higher cantilever damping was observed for probe contact with PU, with a similar to 10x smaller Q factor. AFM-IR chemical mapping at single wavelengths was also affected. We demonstrate ratioing of mapping data for chemical analysis as a simple method to cancel the extreme effects of the variable probe-sample interactions. C1 [Barlow, Daniel E.; Biffinger, Justin C.; Lee, Woo Kyung; Pehrsson, Pehr E.; Russell, John N., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cockrell-Zugell, Allison L.] CNR, Postdoctoral Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Lo, Michael; Kjoller, Kevin; Cook, Debra] Anasys Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Hung, Chia-Suei; Nadeau, Lloyd J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barlow, DE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.barlow@nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX14COR] FX We thank Kathryn Wahl (NRL) for helpful comments and critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number 12RX14COR. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2016 VL 141 IS 16 BP 4848 EP 4854 DI 10.1039/c6an00940a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DT3XF UT WOS:000381413800003 PM 27403761 ER PT S AU Rogers, S Culbertson, J Oxley, M Clouse, HS Abayowa, B Patrick, J Blasch, E Trumpfheller, J AF Rogers, Steven Cap Culbertson, Jared Oxley, Mark Clouse, H. Scott Abayowa, Bernard Patrick, James Blasch, Erik Trumpfheller, John BE Kolodny, MA Pham, T TI The QuEST for multi-sensor big data ISR situation understanding SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR VII CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE big data; ISR; machine learning; multi-sensor; situation understanding ID COGNITION AB The challenges for providing war fighters with the best possible actionable information from diverse sensing modalities using advances in big-data and machine learning are addressed in this paper. We start by presenting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) related big-data challenges associated with the Third Offset Strategy. Current approaches to big-data are shown to be limited with respect to reasoning/understanding. We present a discussion of what meaning making and understanding require. We posit that for human-machine collaborative solutions to address the requirements for the strategy a new approach, Qualia Exploitation of Sensor Technology (QuEST), will be required. The requirements for developing a QuEST theory of knowledge are discussed and finally, an engineering approach for achieving situation understanding is presented. C1 [Rogers, Steven Cap; Culbertson, Jared; Clouse, H. Scott; Abayowa, Bernard; Patrick, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oxley, Mark] US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome Lab AFB, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Trumpfheller, John] US Air Force, Pentagon, VA USA. RP Rogers, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.rogers@us.af.mil NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0072-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9831 AR UNSP 98310G DI 10.1117/12.2229722 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF4UA UT WOS:000381708900011 ER PT J AU Alexander, JA Scheltens, FJ Drummy, LF Durstock, MF Gilchrist, JB Heutz, S McComb, DW AF Alexander, Jessica A. Scheltens, Frank J. Drummy, Lawrence F. Durstock, Michael F. Gilchrist, James B. Heutz, Sandrine McComb, David W. TI Measurement of optical properties in organic photovoltaic materials using monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; C-60; MORPHOLOGY; PHTHALOCYANINES; TRANSITIONS; PERFORMANCE; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; FULLERITE; SPECTRA AB The optical and electronic properties of organic materials influence the functionality of all organic electronics. These properties can be measured in bulk materials easily, but determining the optoelectronic properties in thin films and at interfaces is challenging. In this report we describe how these properties can be measured with high spatial resolution using an optimized electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) method in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). EELS spectra were collected for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6,6]phenyl-C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), and C-60. These organic materials are both susceptible to electron beam damage and commonly utilized in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In order to prove that these spectra are representative of the pure materials and that the samples have not undergone any significant beam damage, the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function obtained from these spectra have been compared to the same functions obtained using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), a technique that should not induce any beam damage to the samples. Comparisons of these two data sets reveal good agreement in both measured peak intensities and their corresponding peak energies, thus validating this low-damage EELS acquisition method. EELS spectrum images were acquired from a CuPc/C-60 bilayer structure to demonstrate that it is possible to collect spatially resolved EELS data from device-related structures comprised of these beam-sensitive materials. C1 [Alexander, Jessica A.; Scheltens, Frank J.; McComb, David W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Electron Microscopy & Anal, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Durstock, Michael F.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gilchrist, James B.; Heutz, Sandrine] Imperial Coll London, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP McComb, DW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Electron Microscopy & Anal, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mccomb.29@osu.edu FU AFRL/DAGSI Ohio-Student Faculty Research Fellowship - Air Force Laboratory Manufacturing and Materials Directorate; Ohio State University through a Distinguished University Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank all collaborators and technical support at both the Center for Electron Microscopy (CEMAS) at The Ohio State University and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Funding was provided by an AFRL/DAGSI Ohio-Student Faculty Research Fellowship awarded by the Air Force Laboratory Manufacturing and Materials Directorate, and by The Ohio State University through a Distinguished University Fellowship. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 35 BP 13636 EP 13645 DI 10.1039/c6ta06201f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA DV1CC UT WOS:000382656500033 ER PT S AU Nehmetallah, G Donoghue, J Banerjee, P Khoury, J Yamamoto, M Peyghambarian, N AF Nehmetallah, George Donoghue, John Banerjee, Partha Khoury, Jed Yamamoto, Michiharu Peyghambarian, Nasser BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Analytical Analysis of Adaptive Defect Detection in Amplitude and Phase Structures Using Photorefractive Four-Wave Mixing SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pattern recognition; defect detection; photorefractive material; four-wave mixing ID EDGE-ENHANCEMENT AB In this work, brief theoretical modeling, analysis, and novel numerical verification of a photorefractive polymer based four wave mixing (FWM) setup for defect detection has been developed. The numerical simulation helps to validate our earlier experimental results to perform defect detection in periodic amplitude and phase objects using FWM. Specifically, we develop the theory behind the detection of isolated defects, and random defects in amplitude, and phase periodic patterns. In accordance with the developed theory, the results show that this technique successfully detects the slightest defects through band-pass intensity filtering and requires minimal additional post image processing contrast enhancement. This optical defect detection technique can be applied to the detection of production line defects, e.g., scratch enhancement, defect cluster enhancement, and periodic pattern dislocation enhancement. This technique is very useful in quality control systems, production line defect inspection, and computer vision. C1 [Nehmetallah, George] Catholic Univ Amer, EECS Dept, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Donoghue, John] Solid State Sci Corp, 12 Simon St, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Banerjee, Partha] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Banerjee, Partha] Univ Dayton, ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Khoury, Jed] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yamamoto, Michiharu] Nitto Denko Tech Corp Lab, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, CA 92058 USA. [Peyghambarian, Nasser] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd,POB 210094, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nehmetallah, G (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, EECS Dept, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0086-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9845 AR 98450Q DI 10.1117/12.2221911 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4UB UT WOS:000381709400022 ER PT S AU Alexander, DB Narayanan, RM Himed, B AF Alexander, David B. Narayanan, Ram M. Himed, Braham BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI Investigation of correlation characteristics for random array collaborative beamforming using noise signals SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XX CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Noise radar; beamforming; correlation; correlation coefficient; random arrays ID ELEMENTS AB The performance of different random array geometries is analyzed and compared. Three phased array geometries are considered: linear arrays with non-uniform randomized spacing between elements, circular arrays with non-uniform element radii, and ad hoc sensor networks with elements located randomly within a circular area. For each of these array geometries, computer simulations modeled the transmission, reflection from an arbitrary target, and reception of signals. The effectiveness of each array's beamforming techniques was measured by taking the peak cross-correlation between the received signal and a time-delayed replica of the original transmitted signal. For each array type, the correlation performance was obtained for transmission and reception of both chirp waveforms and ultra-wideband noise signals. It was found that the non-uniform linear array generally produced the highest correlation between transmitted and reflected signals. The non-uniform circular and ad hoc arrays demonstrated the most consistent performance with respect to noise signal bandwidth. The effect of scan angle was found to have a significant impact on the correlation performance of the linear arrays, where the correlation performance declines as the scan angle moves away from broadside to the array. C1 [Alexander, David B.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alexander, DB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0070-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9829 AR UNSP 98290I DI 10.1117/12.2224208 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BF5QW UT WOS:000382503800016 ER PT S AU Allebach, JM Narayanan, RM Himed, B AF Allebach, Joshua M. Narayanan, Ram M. Himed, Braham BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI Investigation of target and ground clutter reflections on the correlation between transmitted and received noise signals SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XX CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Noise radar; ground clutter; correlation; correlation coefficient; ultrawideband radar ID RADAR AB The use of noise waveforms for radar has been popular for many years; however, not much work has been done to extend their use to long range applications. To understand the practicality of using noise for this work, the correlation values between transmitted and received signals were investigated as well as the ratio of reflected to transmitted power. This was done for both ground clutter and simple shapes representing targets of interest. Reflections from these different surfaces are dependent on the frequency of operation, polarization, angle of incidence, and target material. To act as a direct comparison to the noise waveform, a chirp signal was also reflected from these surfaces and correlated with the originally transmitted signal. For terrain, it was found that the noise offers similar correlation patterns as the chirp waveform but slightly larger reflected power for certain cases. Additionally, noise waveforms have decreased correlation values compared to chirp waveforms at low angles. For the simple shaped targets, the noise and chirp signals had similar correlation patterns, values, and power ratios. C1 [Allebach, Joshua M.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Narayanan, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0070-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9829 AR UNSP 98290J DI 10.1117/12.2224221 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BF5QW UT WOS:000382503800017 ER PT J AU Paul, R Etacheri, V Pol, VG Hu, JJ Fisher, TS AF Paul, Rajib Etacheri, Vinodkumar Pol, Vilas G. Hu, Jianjun Fisher, Timothy. S. TI Highly porous three-dimensional carbon nanotube foam as a freestanding anode for a lithium-ion battery SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE; NANOSTRUCTURED CARBON; ELECTRODE MATERIAL; ENERGY-CONVERSION; NITROGEN FOAM; HIGH-CAPACITY; BINDER-FREE; FUEL-CELLS; GRAPHENE; STORAGE AB Anodes composed of freestanding, binder-free and hierarchical multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) foam have been demonstrated. These three-dimensional MWCNT foams are fabricated using a Ti-Al-Fe trilayer catalyst on Ni-foam through a microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. The MWCNT foam possesses a hierarchical graphitic microstructure, high porosity (99.8%), reduced impedance and specific capacitance of 790 mA h g(-1) when cycled between 0 and 3 V for a lower current density (0.1C). At a higher current density (1C), the foam electrode retains a discharge capacity of 390 mA h g(-1), significantly higher than that of the commercial graphite anode. Upon extended charge-discharge cycling, MWCNT foams shows stable capacities of 790 and 510 mA h g(-1) at current densities of 0.1C and 1C respectively, maintaining a high coulombic efficiency of 99.7%. Preserved structural and chemical stability of the MWCNT foams during lithiation-delithiation cycling can be utilized as a basis for improved electrochemical energy storage in CNT based architectures. C1 [Paul, Rajib; Fisher, Timothy. S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, 1205 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Etacheri, Vinodkumar; Pol, Vilas G.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hu, Jianjun] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fisher, Timothy. S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 585 Purdue Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, 1205 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Pol, VG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 585 Purdue Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vpol@purdue.edu; tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures [FA9550-12-1-0037]; Purdue University; School of Chemical Engineering; Kirk exploratory research grant; Thermo Scientific for DXR; National Science Foundation's Scalable Nano-manufacturing program [CMMI-1344654] FX Financial support for this work provided by the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures (PM: Dr Joycelyn Harrison, Grant: FA9550-12-1-0037) is gratefully acknowledged. Authors are also grateful to the staff members of the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University for their support and cooperation. We are thankful to Dr D. Y. Zemlyanov for helping in recording the XPS spectra and Dr Anurag Kumar for help in recording SEM image of bare Ni foam. VP thanks the Purdue University and School of Chemical Engineering for their generous start-up funding. The ConocoPhillips graphite electrodes used for comparison in this experiment were produced at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) CAMP (Cell Analysis, Modeling and Prototyping) Facility, Argonne National Laboratory. Electron microscopy studies at Purdue's Birck Nanotechnology Center were funded by a Kirk exploratory research grant and Thermo Scientific for DXR Raman microscope facilities. TSF thanks the National Science Foundation's Scalable Nano-manufacturing program (Grant: CMMI-1344654). NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 83 BP 79734 EP 79744 DI 10.1039/c6ra17815d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DU9LU UT WOS:000382539600051 ER PT S AU Butler, NS Su, WH Magar, KST Reich, GW AF Butler, Nathan S. Su, Weihua Magar, Kaman S. Thapa Reich, Gregory W. BE Lynch, JP TI Estimation of morphing airfoil shape and aerodynamic load using artificial hair sensors SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE Morphing airfoils; flow sensing; airfoil shape estimation; load estimation; artificial hair sensors; artificial neural network ID VORTEX-LATTICE METHOD; CAMBER; OPTIMIZATION AB An active area of research in adaptive structures focuses on the use of continuous wing shape changing methods as a means of replacing conventional discrete control surfaces and increasing aerodynamic efficiency. Although many shapechanging methods have been used since the beginning of heavier-than-air flight, the concept of performing camber actuation on a fully-deformable airfoil has not been widely applied. A fundamental problem of applying this concept to real-world scenarios is the fact that camber actuation is a continuous, time-dependent process. Therefore, if camber actuation is to be used in a closed-loop feedback system, one must be able to determine the instantaneous airfoil shape as well as the aerodynamic loads at all times. One approach is to utilize a new type of artificial hair sensors developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory to determine the flow conditions surrounding deformable airfoils. In this work, the hair sensor measurement data will be simulated by using the flow solver XFoil, with the assumption that perfect data with no noise can be collected from the hair sensor measurements. Such measurements will then be used in an artificial neural network based process to approximate the instantaneous airfoil camber shape, lift coefficient, and moment coefficient at a given angle of attack. Various aerodynamic and geometrical properties approximated from the artificial hair sensor and artificial neural network system will be compared with the results of XFoil in order to validate the approximation approach. C1 [Butler, Nathan S.; Su, Weihua] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Box 870280, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Magar, Kaman S. Thapa] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Reich, Gregory W.] Air Force Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Su, WH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Box 870280, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM suw@eng.ua.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 980329 DI 10.1117/12.2219520 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400066 ER PT S AU Hartl, DJ Huff, GH Pan, H Smith, L Bradford, RL Frank, GJ Baur, JW AF Hartl, Darren J. Huff, Gregory H. Pan, Hong Smith, Lisa Bradford, Robyn L. Frank, Geoffrey J. Baur, Jeffery W. BE Lynch, JP TI Analysis and Characterization of Structurally Embedded Vascular Antennas Using Liquid Metals SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE multifunctional; antenna; composite; microvascular; RF; liquid metal ID GALLIUM; COMPOSITES; ALLOY AB Over the past decade, a large body of research associated with the addition of microvascular networks to structural composites has been generated. The engineering goal is most often the extension of structural utility to include extended functionalities such as self-healing or improved thermal management and resilience. More recently, efforts to design reconfigurable embedded electronics via the incorporation of non-toxic liquid metals have been initiated. A wide range of planar antenna configurations are possible, and the trade-offs between structural effects, other system costs, and increased flexibility in transmitting and receiving frequencies are being explored via the structurally embedded vascular antenna (SEVA) concept. This work describes for the first time the design of a bowtie-like tunable liquid metal-based antenna for integration into a structural composite for electromagnetic use. The design of both the solid/fluid feed structure and fluid transmission lines are described and analysis results regarding the RF performance of the antenna are provided. Fabrication methods for the SEVA are explained in detail and as-fabricated components are described. Challenges associated with both fabrication and system implementation and testing are elucidated. Results from preliminary RF testing indicate that in situ response tuning is feasible in these novel multifunctional composites. C1 [Hartl, Darren J.; Bradford, Robyn L.; Frank, Geoffrey J.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hartl, Darren J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Huff, Gregory H.; Pan, Hong; Smith, Lisa] Texas A&M Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bradford, Robyn L.; Frank, Geoffrey J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Huff, GH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM darren.hartl.ctr@us.a.mil; ghuff@tamu.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 980333 DI 10.1117/12.2219258 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400086 ER PT S AU Su, WH Reich, GW AF Su, Weihua Reich, Gregory W. BE Lynch, JP TI Artificial hair sensor designs for flow measurement of UAVs with different scales SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE Artificial hair sensors; scaling; unmanned aerial vehicle; flow measurement AB Artificial hair sensors have been developed in the Air Force Research Laboratory for use in prediction of local flow around airfoils and subsequent use in gust rejection applications. The on-going sensor development is based on a micro-sized unmanned vehicle, resulting in a sensor design that is sensitive in that aircraft's nominal flight condition (speed). However, the active, or operating, region of the artificial hair sensor concept is highly dependent on the geometry and properties of the hair, capillary, and carbon nanotubes that make up the sensor design. This paper aims at expanding the flow measurement concept using artificial hair sensors to UAVs with different dimensions by properly sizing the parameters of the sensors, according to the nominal flight conditions of the UAVs. In this work, the hair, made of glass fiber, will be modeled as a cantilever beam with an elastic foundation, subject to external distributed aerodynamic drag. Hair length, diameter, capillary depth, and carbon nanotube length will be scaled by keeping the maximum strain of the carbon nanotubes constant for different sensors under different working conditions. Numerical studies will demonstrate the feasibility of the scaling methodology by designing artificial hair sensors for UAVs with different dimensions and flight conditions, starting from a baseline sensor design. C1 [Su, Weihua] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Box 870280, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Reich, Gregory W.] Air Force Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Su, WH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Box 870280, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM suw@eng.ua.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 98031W DI 10.1117/12.2219188 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400055 ER PT S AU Luo, JJ Gilbert, LJ Peters, DC Bristow, DA Landers, RG Goldstein, JT Urbas, AM Kinzel, EC AF Luo, Junjie Gilbert, Luke J. Peters, Daniel C. Bristow, Douglas A. Landers, Robert G. Goldstein, Jonathan T. Urbas, Augustine M. Kinzel, Edward C. BE Vizgaitis, JN Andresen, BF Marasco, PL Sanghera, JS Snyder, MP TI Bubble formation in additive manufacturing of glass SO ADVANCED OPTICS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS: UV THROUGH LWIR SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optics for Defense Applications - UV through LWIR CY APR 17-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Additive Manufacturing; glass; laser processing ID GRAVITY-DRIVEN FLOW; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MELTS; EQUILIBRIUM; GASES AB Bubble formation is a common problem in glass manufacturing. The spatial density of bubbles in a piece of glass is a key limiting factor to the optical quality of the glass. Bubble formation is also a common problem in additive manufacturing, leading to anisotropic material properties. In glass Additive Manufacturing ( AM) two separate types of bubbles have been observed: a foam layer caused by the reboil of the glass melt and a periodic pattern of bubbles which appears to be unique to glass additive manufacturing. This paper presents a series of studies to relate the periodicity of bubble formation to part scan speed, laser power, and filament feed rate. These experiments suggest that bubbles are formed by the reboil phenomena why periodic bubbles result from air being trapped between the glass filament and the substrate. Reboil can be detected using spectroscopy and avoided by minimizing the laser power while periodic bubbles can be avoided by a two-step laser melting process to first establish good contact between the filament and substrate before reflowing the track with higher laser power. C1 [Luo, Junjie; Gilbert, Luke J.; Peters, Daniel C.; Bristow, Douglas A.; Landers, Robert G.; Kinzel, Edward C.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 400 W 13th St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Goldstein, Jonathan T.; Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kinzel, EC (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 400 W 13th St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM kinzele@mst.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0063-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9822 AR UNSP 98220D DI 10.1117/12.2224321 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF5NT UT WOS:000382320500011 ER PT S AU Fuchi, K Buskohl, PR Bazzan, G Durstock, MF Joo, JJ Reich, GW Vaia, RA AF Fuchi, Kazuko Buskohl, Philip R. Bazzan, Giorgio Durstock, Michael F. Joo, James J. Reich, Gregory W. Vaia, Richard A. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI Spatial tuning of a RF frequency selective surface through origami SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XXVI CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE origami; frequency selective surface; tuning; radio frequency AB Origami devices have the ability to spatially reconfigure between 2D and 3D states through folding motions. The precise mapping of origami presents a novel method to spatially tune radio frequency (RF) devices, including adaptive antennas, sensors, reflectors, and frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). While conventional RF FSSs are designed based upon a planar distribution of conductive elements, this leaves the large design space of the out of plane dimension under-utilized. We investigated this design regime through the computational study of four FSS origami tessellations with conductive dipoles. The dipole patterns showed increased resonance shift with decreased separation distances, with the separation in the direction orthogonal to the dipole orientations having a more significant effect. The coupling mechanisms between dipole neighbours were evaluated by comparing surface charge densities, which revealed the gain and loss of coupling as the dipoles moved in and out of alignment via folding. Collectively, these results provide a basis of origami FSS designs for experimental study and motivates the development of computational tools to systematically predict optimal fold patterns for targeted frequency response and directionality. C1 [Buskohl, Philip R.; Durstock, Michael F.; Joo, James J.; Reich, Gregory W.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko] Wright State Res Inst, 4035 Colonel Glenn Hwy,Suite 200, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Bazzan, Giorgio] UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Buskohl, PR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0085-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9844 AR UNSP 98440W DI 10.1117/12.2224160 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF5NS UT WOS:000382320100028 ER PT S AU Alsing, PM Fanto, ML AF Alsing, P. M. Fanto, M. L. BE Donkor, E Hayduk, M TI Spontaneous parametric down conversion with a depleted pump as an analogue for black hole evaporation/particle production SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID RADIATION AB In this work we argue that black hole evaporation/particle production has a very close analogy to the laboratory process of spontaneous parametric down conversion, when the pump is allowed to deplete. We present an analytical formulation of the recent one-shot decoupling model that was numerically analyzed in Bradler and Adami Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 101301 (2016) [arXiv:1505.0284]. We compute the resulting "Page Information" curves, which describe the rate at which information escapes form the black hole as it evaporates, for the reduced density matrices for the evaporating black hole internal degrees of freedom, and emitted Hawking radiation pairs entangled across the horizon. The present work reviews and attempts to elucidate the trilinear Hamiltonian models for black hole evaporation/particle production recently investigated by the authors in Class. Quant. Gray 32, 075010 (2015) [arXiv:1408.4491] and Class. Quant. Gray 33, 015005 (2016) [arXiv:1507.00429] C1 [Alsing, P. M.; Fanto, M. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM paul.alsing@us.af.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0114-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9873 AR 987302 DI 10.1117/12.2224399 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4TN UT WOS:000381692900001 ER PT S AU Steidle, JA Fanto, ML Tison, CC Wang, ZH Alsing, PM Preble, SF AF Steidle, Jeffrey A. Fanto, Michael L. Tison, Christopher C. Wang, Zihao Alsing, Paul M. Preble, Stefan F. BE Donkor, E Hayduk, M TI Efficiently Heralded Silicon Ring Resonator Photon-Pair Source SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Silicon Photonics; Ring Resonator; Heralding ID GENERATION AB Presented here are results on a silicon ring resonator photon pair source with a high heralding efficiency. Previous ring resonator sources suffered from an effective 50% loss because, in order to generate the photons, the pump must be able to couple into the resonator which is an effective loss channel. However, in practice the optical loss of the pump can be traded off for a dramatic increase in heralding efficiency. This research found theoretically that the heralding efficiency should increase by a factor of 3.75 with a factor of 10 increase in the required pump power. This was demonstrated experimentally by varying the separation (gap) between the input waveguide and the ring while maintaining a constant drop port gap. The ring (R = 18.5 itm, W = 500 nm, and H = 220 nm) was pumped by a tunable laser (A R..- 1550 nm). The non-degenerate photons, produced via spontaneous four wave mixing, exited the ring and were coupled to fiber upon which they were filtered symmetrically about the pump. Coincidence counts were collected for all possible photon path combinations (through and drop port) and the ratio of the drop port coincidences to the sum of the drop port and cross term coincidences (one photon from the drop port and one from the through port) was calculated. With a 350 nm pump waveguide gap (2.33 times larger than the drop port gap) we confirmed our theoretical predictions, with an observed improvement in heralding efficiency by a factor of 2.61 (96.7% of correlated photons coupled out of the drop port). These results will enable increased photon flux integrated photon sources which can be utilized for high performance quantum computing and communication systems. C1 [Steidle, Jeffrey A.; Fanto, Michael L.; Wang, Zihao; Preble, Stefan F.] Rochester Inst Technol, Microsyst Engn, 168 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Fanto, Michael L.; Tison, Christopher C.; Alsing, Paul M.] Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Steidle, JA (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Microsyst Engn, 168 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0114-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9873 AR 987304 DI 10.1117/12.2223941 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4TN UT WOS:000381692900003 ER PT S AU Kim, JO Ku, Z Urbas, A Kang, SW Lee, SJ AF Kim, Jun Oh Ku, Zahyun Urbas, Augustine Kang, Sang-Woo Lee, Sang Jun BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Long wavelength infrared photodetector using submonolayer quantum dots SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42 Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XLII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE submonolayer; quantum dot; Infrared detector AB We report on InAs SML QD infrared photodetector performance for long wavelength infrared detection. The device structure consists of InAs SML QDs embedded in InxGa1-xAs quantum well (QW) surrounded by GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs barrier. In order to investigate the structural properties of SML QDs, we took cross-sectional STEM images. We have measured the polarization dependent spectral response of SML-QD based photodetector using various angular in-plane and out-plane polarizations. We also report a systematic approach for controlling the intersubband transition energy level in SML QD infrared photodetectors, in order to control the peak wavelength of the device. C1 [Kim, Jun Oh; Kang, Sang-Woo; Lee, Sang Jun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. [Ku, Zahyun; Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. EM sjlee@kriss.re.kr NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0060-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9819 AR 98191B DI 10.1117/12.2223569 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4JD UT WOS:000381071600043 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Zhang, F Tiley, JS Furrer, DU AF Semiatin, S. L. Zhang, F. Tiley, J. S. Furrer, D. U. TI A comparison of the precipitation behavior in PM gamma-gamma ' nickel-base superalloys SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Superalloys; Gamma prime; Nucleation; Growth; Coarsening; Diffusivity ID AT-PERCENT AL; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; TITANIUM-ALLOY; HEAT-TREATMENT; CR ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; EVOLUTION AB The precipitation of gamma' in three powder metallurgy nickel-base superalloys during continuous cooling following supersolvus solution treatment was quantified and compared using a fast-acting, mean-field analysis and selected independent experimental observations. The three alloys, LSHR, IN-100 and Rene 88, were chosen based on the range of gamma' solvus temperatures and diffusivities which they exhibit. With its intermediate solvus temperature, LSHR served as the baseline material. For all three alloys, the average size of secondary gamma' (), which is formed at higher temperatures, followed a dependence on cooling rate (theta) over dot of the form = B (theta) over dot(-0.5), in which B is a constant whose value increases with solvus temperature. This behaviour was rationalized on the basis of the narrow range of temperature over which nucleation occurs for secondary gamma', and hence the importance of precipitate growth in controlling precipitate size. The simulation results also revealed that the breadth of the distribution of secondary gamma' sizes was rather small with the ratio of the standard deviation to near 0.03 in all cases. In contrast to the behaviour for secondary gamma', tertiary gamma' was predicted to nucleate over a broad, but similar, range of temperatures for all of the alloys. Because nucleation and growth of tertiary gamma' occur at relatively low temperatures, and thus lower effective diffusivities, the sizes of these precipitates were predicted to be more than one order of magnitude smaller than that of the secondary gamma'. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.; Tiley, J. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, F.] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Furrer, D. U.] Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sheldon.semiatin@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1165449 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DS2AD UT WOS:000380515300003 ER PT S AU Ehrhardt, DA Allen, MS Beberniss, TJ AF Ehrhardt, David A. Allen, Matthew S. Beberniss, Timothy J. BE Kerschen, G TI Measurement of Nonlinear Normal Modes Using Mono-harmonic Force Appropriation: Experimental Investigation SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, VOL 1 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 02-05, 2015 CL Orlando, FL SP IMAC, Soc Expt Mech DE Nonlinear normal mode; Experimental force appropriation; Continuous scan laser doppler vibrometry (CSLDV); Digital image correlation (DIC) ID IDENTIFICATION AB A structure undergoing large amplitude deformations can exhibit nonlinear behavior which is not predicted by traditional linear theories. Structures with some initial curvature offer an additional complication due to buckling and snap through phenomena, and can exhibit softening, hardening and, internal resonance. As a structure transitions into a region of nonlinear response, a structure's nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) can provide insight into the forced responses of the nonlinear system. Mono-harmonic excitations can often be used to experimentally isolate a dynamic response in the neighborhood of a single NNM. This is accomplished with an extension of the modal indicator function and force appropriation to ensure the dynamic response of the structure is on the desired NNM. This work explores these methods using two structures: a nominally-flat beam and a curved axi-symmetric plate. Single-point force appropriation is used by manually tuning the excitation frequency and amplitude until the mode indicator function is satisfied for the fundamental harmonic. The results show a reasonable estimate of the NNM backbone, the occurrence of internal resonance, and couplings between the underlying linear modes along the backbone. C1 [Ehrhardt, David A.; Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Beberniss, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ehrhardt, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dehrhardt@wisc.edu; msallen@engr.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-15221-9; 978-3-319-15220-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15221-9_22 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF4WU UT WOS:000381753700022 ER PT S AU Beberniss, TJ Spottswood, SM Perez, RA Eason, TG AF Beberniss, T. J. Spottswood, S. M. Perez, R. A. Eason, T. G. BE Kerschen, G TI Nonlinear Response of a Thin Panel in a Multi-Discipline Environment: Part I-Experimental Results SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, VOL 1, 34TH IMAC SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Hypersonics; Thermal buckling; Nonlinear; Dynamics; Aeroacoustics; Digital image correlation AB High-speed aircraft structures are susceptible to the extreme and transient effects of the associated aerodynamic environment. These structures can experience a myriad of limit states-yield, fatigue, creep, buckling, and the response is very often path-dependent. Hypersonics, defined as flight speeds greater than Mach 5 (Heppenheimer, NASA Technical Report, NASA SP-2007-4232, September 2007) where aerodynamic heating drives the analysis and design, often causing appreciable structural concerns, is a flight regime with very little practical experience. While the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter and other space-access vehicles routinely transit the Mach 5 barrier, long-duration air-breathing flights represent but a scant portion of past flight-test programs. As a result, the aerospace industry accounts for the associated uncertainties in the structural response through overly-conservative, and often program-deleterious, design assumptions. The USAF Research Laboratory, Structural Sciences Center (SSC), is investigating and developing analysis methods to predict the changing, nonlinear response of hypersonic hot-structures; however, there is a lack of relevant flight-test and experimental data useful for validating these developing structures-centric methods. The SSC recently began a series of thorough wind-tunnel experiments to provide quality, full-field experimental data for a simple, clamped nominally flat panel exposed to supersonic flow, shock boundary-layer interactions (SBLI) and heated flow. External heating sufficient to buckle the test article during supersonic wind tunnel experiments is being explored. Early results are presented in the present study. Additionally, wind tunnel conditions will be sought that lead to panel snap-through dynamics. The present study documents the evolution of the experiments, emphasizing the nonlinear response of the panel in preparation for upcoming wind-tunnel experiments. Also discussed are the characteristics of the experimental conditions leading to the nonlinear structural response, and the full-field displacement, pressure and thermal results necessary for model validation. Part II of this study will present the results of a numerical study of the same structure in the supersonic environment. C1 [Beberniss, T. J.; Spottswood, S. M.; Perez, R. A.; Eason, T. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, 2790 D St,Bldg 65, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spottswood, SM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, 2790 D St,Bldg 65, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephen.spottswood.1@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-29739-2; 978-3-319-29738-5 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29739-2_22 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF4UX UT WOS:000381724700022 ER PT S AU Perez, RA Spottswood, SM Beberniss, TJ Bartram, GW Eason, TG AF Perez, R. A. Spottswood, S. M. Beberniss, T. J. Bartram, G. W. Eason, T. G. BE Kerschen, G TI Nonlinear Dynamic Response Prediction of a Thin Panel in a Multi-Discipline Environment: Part II-Numerical Predictions SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, VOL 1, 34TH IMAC SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Fluid-structure interaction; Reduced order model; Full-field measurement techniques; Structural dynamics; Finite element analysis AB Hypersonic aircraft structures must operate in a complex loading environment, where the coupling of the aircraft structural response with the aerodynamics will lead to conditions involving rich nonlinear dynamics. The modeling of these fluid-thermal-structural interactions is complex and prohibitively expensive when high fidelity models are used (i.e., CFD and FEA). This aspect, and the lack of relevant flight-test and experimental data, have resulted in knowledge gaps, which have led to the design of overly-conservative structures in the past. Work at the Structural Sciences Center (SSC) of the USAF Research Laboratory has focused on addressing these knowledge gaps from a structures perspective. As discussed in Part I of this paper, 3 years ago the SSC began a series of wind-tunnel experiments to provide full-field experimental data for a clamped nominally flat panel exposed to supersonic flow. The present work will focus on numerical predictions of the panel dynamic response using a reduced order model (ROM) for the structural response and full-field measurement data to represent the loads on the panel. C1 [Perez, R. A.; Bartram, G. W.] Univ Technol Corp, 1270 North Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Spottswood, S. M.; Beberniss, T. J.; Eason, T. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perez, RA (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 1270 North Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ricardo.perez.10.ctr.mx@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-29739-2; 978-3-319-29738-5 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29739-2_23 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF4UX UT WOS:000381724700023 ER PT S AU Peterson, RD Cook, G AF Peterson, Rita D. Cook, Gary BE Vodopyanov, KL Schepler, KL TI Broadly tunable OPGaAs OPO pumped by Cr:ZnSe laser SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XV CY FEB 15-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optical materials; frequency conversion; quasi-phasematching; optical parametric oscillator ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; GAAS AB Coherent sources that are broadly and continuously tunable in the mid- and longwave infrared are of interest for a variety of scientific, commercial, and military applications. The advantages in an OPO of quasi-phasematched materials like orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OPGaAs) come at the cost of the angle tuning possible in birefringent nonlinear crystals. Temperature tuning is limited by the material's dn/dT value, and lacks speed and stability. A better alternative is to tune the OPO by tuning the pump laser. Here we report an OPGaAs OPO pumped by a gain-switched Cr:ZnSe laser which was continuously tuned by an intracavity etalon. The etalon also narrowed the output linewidth to around 4 nm. The Cr: ZnSe laser operated at a repetition rate of 500 Hz with a 45 ns pulsewidth. The pump was focused to a spot size (1/e(2)) of 100 mu m at the center of a simple linear resonator formed by two 5-cm ROC mirrors. The OPGaAs crystal was 14 mm long, with a period of 97 mu m, and was mounted with no active cooling. Tuning the pump laser over a range of 90 nm (2385-2475 nm) produced OPO output over a range of almost 4.5 mu m (3500-7450 nm). OPO tuning was ultimately limited by coatings on the crystals and the resonator mirrors, as the Cr: ZnSe laser is capable of much broader tuning as a pump source. A maximum slope efficiency of 21% was obtained, with a pulse energy threshold of 84 mu J. C1 [Peterson, Rita D.; Cook, Gary] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, RD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-966-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9731 AR UNSP 97310V DI 10.1117/12.2216279 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF5DD UT WOS:000381883700019 ER PT S AU Tassev, VL Vangala, S Peterson, R Kimani, M Snure, M Markov, I AF Tassev, V. L. Vangala, S. Peterson, R. Kimani, M. Snure, M. Markov, I. BE Vodopyanov, KL Schepler, KL TI Homo and heteroepitaxial growth and study of orientation-patterned GaP for nonlinear frequency conversion devices SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XV CY FEB 15-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Hydride vapor phase homo and heteroepitaxy; nonlinear optical materials; quasi-phase matching; frequency conversion ID GAAS; ABSORPTION; FILMS AB Frequency conversion in orientation-patterned quasi-phase matched materials is a leading approach for generating tunable mid and longwave coherent IR radiation for a wide variety of applications. A number of nonlinear optical materials are currently under intensive investigation. Due to their unique properties, chiefly wide IR transparency and high nonlinear susceptibility, GaAs and GaP are among the most promising. Compared to GaAs, GaP has the advantage of having higher thermal conductivity and significantly lower 2PA in the convenient pumping range of 11.7 mu m. HVPE growth of OPGaP, however, has encountered certain challenges: low quality and high price of commercially available GaP wafers; and strong parasitic nucleation during HVPE growth that reduces growth rate and aggravates layer quality, often leading to pattern overgrowth. Lessons learned from growing OPGaAs were not entirely helpful, leaving us to alternative solutions for both homoepitaxial growth and template preparation. We report repeatable one-step HVPE growth of up to 400 mu m thick OPGaP with excellent domain fidelity deposited for first time on OPGaAs templates. The templates were prepared by wafer fusion bonding or MBE assisted polarity inversion technique. A close to equilibrium growth at such a large lattice mismatch (-3.6%) is itself noteworthy, especially when previously reported attempts (growth of OPZnSe on OPGaAs templates) at much smaller mismatch (+ 0.3%) have produced limited results. Combining the advantages of the two most promising materials, GaAs and GaP, is a solution that will accelerate the development of high power, tunable laser sources for the mid and longwave IR, and THz region. C1 [Tassev, V. L.; Vangala, S.; Peterson, R.; Kimani, M.; Snure, M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, S.] Survice Eng Co, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Markov, I.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Tassev, VL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.tassev@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-966-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9731 AR UNSP 97310G DI 10.1117/12.2217464 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF5DD UT WOS:000381883700010 ER PT S AU Gordon, DF Hasson, V von Bergmann, H Chen, YH Schmitt-Sody, A Penano, JR AF Gordon, Daniel F. Hasson, Victor von Bergmann, Hubertus Chen, Yu-hsin Schmitt-Sody, A. Penano, Joseph R. BE Rafailov, MK Mazur, E TI Advanced Concepts for High-Power, Short-Pulse CO2 Laser Development SO ULTRAFAST BANDGAP PHOTONICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Bandgap Photonics CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE infrared laser; carbon dioxide laser; short pulse; terawatt ID LASER AB Ultra-short pulse lasers are dominated by solid-state technology, which typically operates in the near-infrared. Efforts to extend this technology to longer wavelengths are meeting with some success, but the trend remains that longer wavelengths correlate with greatly reduced power. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is capable of delivering high energy, 10 micron wavelength pulses, but the gain structure makes operating in the ultra-short pulse regime difficult. The Naval Research Laboratory and Air Force Research Laboratory are developing a novel CO2 laser designed to deliver similar to 1 Joule, similar to 1 picosecond pulses, from a compact gain volume (similar to 2x2x80 cm). The design is based on injection seeding an unstable resonator, in order to achieve high energy extraction efficiency, and to take advantage of power broadening. The unstable resonator is seeded by a solid state front end, pumped by a custom built titanium sapphire laser matched to the CO2 laser bandwidth. In order to access a broader range of mid infrared wavelengths using CO2 lasers, one must consider nonlinear frequency multiplication, which is non-trivial due to the bandwidth of the 10 micron radiation. C1 [Gordon, Daniel F.; Penano, Joseph R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hasson, Victor] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [von Bergmann, Hubertus] PaR Syst, Pretoria, South Africa. [Chen, Yu-hsin] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD USA. [Schmitt-Sody, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0076-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9835 AR UNSP 98350Z DI 10.1117/12.2223835 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5EQ UT WOS:000381933900014 ER PT S AU Hackett, S Albrecht, AR Yang, Z Cederberg, JG Sheik-Bahae, M Johnson, R Drummond, J AF Hackett, Shawn Albrecht, Alexander R. Yang, Zhou Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor Johnson, Robert Drummond, Jack BE Wilcox, KG TI Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers for sodium guidestar applications and improvement of current guidestar systems SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) VI CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE guidestar modeling; sodium guidestar; Starfire Optical Range; VECSEL; OPSL guidestar; VECSEL guidestar AB To date, three types of laser sources have been used to excite mesospheric sodium atoms to use as a sodium guidestar for adaptive optics (AO). All these sources have inherent challenges and a possible fourth source is to utilize a frequency doubled Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). Such a VECSEL presents output efficiency above 20% with power in excess of 20 W. Modelling is also presented to validate the efficacy of developing VECSEL guidestar systems for use with current guidestar systems or as a stand-alone guidestar. The model agrees with the data collected with the 3.5 m telescope and narrowband laser guidestar at Starfire Optical Range. C1 [Hackett, Shawn; Johnson, Robert; Drummond, Jack] Air Force Res Lab, SOR, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Albrecht, Alexander R.; Yang, Zhou; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Hackett, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, SOR, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM shawn.hackett.1@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-969-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9734 AR UNSP 97340Y DI 10.1117/12.2216853 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF5DF UT WOS:000381884900024 ER PT S AU Yang, Z Albrecht, AR Cederberg, JG Hackett, S Sheik-Bahae, M AF Yang, Zhou Albrecht, Alexander R. Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Hackett, Shawn Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor BE Wilcox, KG TI Broadly tunable DBR-free semiconductor disk lasers SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) VI CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE Semiconductor Disk Laser; Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser; VECSEL; DBR-free; tunable laser ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; HIGH-POWER; VECSEL AB We report a DBR-free semiconductor disk lasers centered at 1160 nm with a tuning range of 78 nm, and ongoing effort on our DBR-free SDL centered at 1040 nm. Compared with conventional semiconductor disk lasers, DBR-free SDLs have a broader effective gain bandwidth. In CW operation, 2.5 W output power at 1160 nm and 6 W at 1055 nm were collected from the two lasers without thermal-rollover. Intracavity loss mitigation, currently underway, should improve power scaling and efficiency in these systems. C1 [Yang, Zhou; Albrecht, Alexander R.; Hackett, Shawn; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hackett, Shawn] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, SOR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sheik-Bahae, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM msb@unm.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-969-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9734 AR UNSP 97340I DI 10.1117/12.2213348 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF5DF UT WOS:000381884900010 ER PT S AU Luo, JJ Gilbert, LJ Bristow, DA Landers, RG Goldstein, JT Urbas, AM Kinzel, EC AF Luo, Junjie Gilbert, Luke J. Bristow, Douglas A. Landers, Robert G. Goldstein, Jonathan T. Urbas, Augustine M. Kinzel, Edward C. BE Gu, B Helvajian, H Pique, A TI Additive manufacturing of glass for optical applications SO LASER 3D MANUFACTURING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser 3D Manufacturing III CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Polaronyx Inc, Nanoscribe Gmbh DE Fused quartz; additive manufacturing; optically transparent AB Glasses including fused quartz have significant scientific and engineering applications including optics, communications, electronics, and hermetic seals. This paper investigates a filament fed process for Additive Manufacturing (AM) of fused quartz. Additive manufacturing has several potential benefits including increased design freedom, faster prototyping, and lower processing costs for small production volumes. However, current research in AM of glasses is limited and has focused on non-optical applications. Fused quartz is studied here because of its desirability for high-quality optics due to its high transmissivity and thermal stability. Fused quartz also has a higher working temperature than soda lime glass which poses a challenge for AM. In this work, fused quartz filaments are fed into a CO2 laser generated melt pool, smoothly depositing material onto the workpiece. Single tracks are printed to explore the effects that different process parameters have on the morphology of printed fused quartz. A spectrometer is used to measure the thermal radiation incandescently emitted from the melt pool. Thin-walls are printed to study the effects of layer-to-layer height. Finally, a 3D fused quartz cube is printed using the newly acquired layer height and polished on each surface. The transmittance and index homogeneity of the polished cube are both measured. These results show that the filament fed process has the potential to print fused quartz with optical transparency and of index of refraction uniformity approaching bulk processed glass. C1 [Luo, Junjie; Gilbert, Luke J.; Bristow, Douglas A.; Landers, Robert G.; Kinzel, Edward C.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 400 W 13th St, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Goldstein, Jonathan T.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kinzel, EC (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 400 W 13th St, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM kinzele@mst.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-973-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9738 AR UNSP 97380Y DI 10.1117/12.2218137 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF3YE UT WOS:000380605700020 ER PT S AU Irvin, K Hiteshue, E Lanzerotti, M Langley, D Martin, R Geselowitz, M Cerny, CL Paul, B Chattopadhyay, B AF Irvin, K. Hiteshue, E. Lanzerotti, M. Langley, D. Martin, R. Geselowitz, M. Cerny, C. L. Paul, B. Chattopadhyay, B. GP IEEE TI Components and Outcomes of an Interdisciplinary Research Program to Inspire Underrepresented Undergraduate Students in STEM Fields SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH IEEE INTEGRATED STEM EDUCATION CONFERENCE SE Integrated STEM Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) CY MAR 05, 2016 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ SP IEEE, AT & T, Sci Cosmos, MathWorks, Univ Cincinnati, Univ Waterloo, IEEE Reg 1, IEEE Princeton Cent Jersey Sect, IEEE Educ Soc HO Princeton Univ DE Undergraduate research program; interdisciplinary research; oral history; underrepresented students; science; technology; engineering; and mathematics AB This paper describes components and outcomes of an interdisciplinary undergraduate research program intended to motivate female students to graduate with STEM degrees. This year, the program graduated the first student, who is the first STEM graduate in her family. The program is intended to inspire underrepresented undergraduate students to graduate with STEM bachelor's degrees by providing participating students with unique mentorship from distinguished leaders in STEM fields while the students simultaneously pursue technical research. The mentorship is provided to the students when they identify and interview leaders whose careers align with the desired career fields of the students. The interviews are conducted in collaboration with the IEEE History Center and American Institute of Physics. Research results produced by the students are presented at national conferences and published in conference proceedings. Transcripts of the interviews are published in perpetuity on the IEEE Engineering Technology and History Wiki. The project will continue within the STEM environment. C1 [Irvin, K.] Washington Univ, Philosophy Neurosci & Psychol Major, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hiteshue, E.] Bain & Co, Washington, DC USA. [Lanzerotti, M.] Augsburg College, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Lanzerotti, M.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lanzerotti, M.] WPAFB, Comp Engn, AFIT, Dayton, OH USA. [Geselowitz, M.] Stevens Inst Technol, IEEE Hist Ctr, Newark, NJ USA. [Langley, D.] US Air Force, Enterprise SATOPS Dev, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Martin, R.] WPAFB, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT, Dayton, OH USA. [Paul, B.] WPAFB, AFRL Sensors Directorate, Mixed Signal Design Ctr, Dayton, OH USA. [Cerny, C. L.] WPAFB, RF Syst Branch, AFRL Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Chattopadhyay, B.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Math Sci, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Irvin, K (reprint author), Washington Univ, Philosophy Neurosci & Psychol Major, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM kelsey.irvin@wustl.edu; lhiteshue14@gmail.com; lanzerot@augsburg.edu; derrick.langley@us.af.mil; richard.martin@afit.edu; m.geselowitz@ieee.org; charles.cerny.1@us.af.mil; bradley.paul@us.af.mil; bhargab@utdallas.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-331X BN 978-1-4673-9773-5 J9 INTEGR STEM EDU CONF PY 2016 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF4ND UT WOS:000381405000031 ER PT S AU Knize, RJ Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK AF Knize, R. J. Zhdanov, B. V. Rotondaro, M. D. Shaffer, M. K. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Operation of static and flowing Cs DPAL with different buffer gas mixtures SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IX CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE DPAL; alkali lasers; Cs laser ID RUBIDIUM; LASER AB Cs DPAL operation using Ethane, Methane and mixtures of these hydrocarbons with noble gases He and Ar as a buffer gases for spin-orbit relaxation was studied in this work. The best Cs DPAL performance in continuous wave operation with flowing gain medium was achieved using pure Methane, pure Ethane or a mixture of Ethane (minimum of 200 Torr) and He with a total buffer gas pressure of 300 torr. C1 [Knize, R. J.; Zhdanov, B. V.; Rotondaro, M. D.; Shaffer, M. K.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-964-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9729 AR 972903 DI 10.1117/12.2212880 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF3XQ UT WOS:000380592600002 ER PT S AU Moran, PJ Lockwood, NP Lange, MA Hostutler, DA Guild, EM Guy, MR McCord, JE Pitz, GA AF Moran, Paul J. Lockwood, Nathaniel P. Lange, Matthew A. Hostutler, David A. Guild, Eric M. Guy, Matthew R. McCord, John E. Pitz, Greg A. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Plasma and Laser Kinetics and Field Emission from Carbon Nanotube Fibers for an Advanced Noble Gas Laser (ANGL) SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IX CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser; Plasma; Argon; Metastable; Noble Gas; Kinetics; Carbon Nanotube Fiber; Field Emission ID TRANSITION AB A metastable argon laser operating at 912 nm has been demonstrated by optically pumping with a pulsed titanium sapphire laser to investigate the temporal dynamics of an Advanced Noble Gas Laser (ANGL). Metastable argon concentrations on the order of 10(11) cm(-3) were maintained with the use of a radio frequency (RF) capacitively coupled discharge. The end-pumped laser produced output powers under 2 mW of average power with pulse lengths on the order of 100 ns. A comparison between empirical results and a four level laser model using longitudinally average pump and inter-cavity intensities is made. An alternative, highly-efficient method of argon metastable production for ANGL was explored using carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers. C1 [Moran, Paul J.; Lockwood, Nathaniel P.; Hostutler, David A.; Guy, Matthew R.; McCord, John E.; Pitz, Greg A.] Air Force Res Lab, Laser Technol Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lange, Matthew A.] XL Sci LLC, 6100 Uptown Blvd NE,Ste 260, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Guild, Eric M.] Leidos Inc, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE,Ste 150, Albuquerque, NM 87120 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Laser Technol Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-964-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9729 AR 97290C DI 10.1117/12.2214790 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF3XQ UT WOS:000380592600009 ER PT S AU Pitz, GA Stalnaker, DM Guild, EM Oliker, BQ Moran, PJ Townsend, SW Hostutler, DA AF Pitz, Greg A. Stalnaker, Donald M. Guild, Eric M. Oliker, Benjamin Q. Moran, Paul J. Townsend, Steven W. Hostutler, David A. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Advancements in flowing diode pumped alkali lasers SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IX CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser; Alkali; DPAL; Potassium; Rubidium; Cesium ID POTASSIUM LASER; TRANSITION AB Multiple variants of the Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) have recently been demonstrated at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Highlights of this ongoing research effort include: a) a 571W rubidium (Rb) based Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) with a gain (2 alpha) of 0.48 cm(-1), b) a rubidium-cesium (Cs) Multi-Alkali Multi-Line (MAML) laser that simultaneously lases at both 795 nm and 895 nm, and c) a 1.5 kW resonantly pumped potassium (K) DPAL with a slope efficiency of 50%. The common factor among these experiments is the use of a flowing alkali test bed. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Moran, Paul J.; Townsend, Steven W.; Hostutler, David A.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Stalnaker, Donald M.; Guild, Eric M.] Liedos Inc, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Oliker, Benjamin Q.] Ball Aerosp & Tech Corp, 2201 Buena Vista Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RDLC.SCI.org@kirtland.af.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-964-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9729 AR 972902 DI 10.1117/12.2217078 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF3XQ UT WOS:000380592600001 ER PT B AU Camburn, BA Sng, KH Perez, KB Otto, K Wood, KL Jensen, D Crawford, R AF Camburn, Bradley A. Sng, Karen H. Perez, K. Blake Otto, Kevin Wood, Kristin L. Jensen, Daniel Crawford, Richard GP ASME TI THE WAY MAKERS PROTOTYPE: PRINCIPLES OF DIY DESIGN SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Recent research demonstrates the importance of prototyping to support early stage design efforts. There remains a substantial opportunity to provide tools that codify the leap between the logical objectives of the design effort, and an individual's intuitive design and fabrication experience. This study investigates project articles on the open source, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) design repository, Instructables.com. The database contains guides for producing low cost functional prototypes. Many entries in the repository include documentation of the design process along with instructions for fabrication. Through a systematic research methodology, we extract five prototype design and fabrication principles from articles in the database. An online crowdsourced assessment enables inter-rater testing, with multiple parallel raters. This assessment validates presence of the principles in the database. A controlled study was conducted in which one of two groups was exposed to the principles. This study evaluates connectivity, successful adoption of the principles by participants in the experimental group, and resulting design performance effects. Two case studies of prototyping are also provided. Observations indicate that application of the principles positively impacts prototyping outcomes. A potential area for improvement is edge case evaluation, i.e. principles only found in a single extraordinary sample. C1 [Camburn, Bradley A.; Sng, Karen H.; Perez, K. Blake; Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Jensen, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Crawford, Richard] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX USA. RP Camburn, BA (reprint author), Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5717-5 PY 2016 AR V007T06A004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1OA UT WOS:000380414200004 ER PT J AU Lee, J Lee, CH Park, J Lee, DM Lee, KH Jo, SB Cho, K Maruyama, B Kim, SM AF Lee, Jaegeun Lee, Cheol Hun Park, Junbeom Lee, Dong-Myeong Lee, Kun-Hong Jo, Sae Byeok Cho, Kilwon Maruyama, Benji Kim, Seung Min TI Effects of a SiO2 sub-supporting layer on the structure of a Al2O3 supporting layer, formation of Fe catalyst particles, and growth of carbon nanotube forests SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SELECTIVE GROWTH; CARPET GROWTH; SUPER GROWTH; ARRAYS; YARNS; MECHANISM; DIAMETER; TRANSPARENT; FIBERS AB We investigate the effects of a SiO2 sub-supporting layer on the growth of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests, especially on the spinnability of the CNT forest into a CNT yarn, which is one of the most promising application areas based on CNTs as a light-weight, strong, and electrically and thermally conductive macro-scale material. So far, most spinnable CNT forest growths have been performed using Fe/Al2O3 deposited on a Si wafer with a thermally grown SiO2 layer. However, only a few studies have focused on examining the effects of the SiO2 sub-supporting layer on the growth and spinnability of CNT forests by microscopic analyses. Herein, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), liquid contact angle, and ellipsometry measurements, we demonstrate that the presence of a SiO2 sub-supporting layer significantly affects the structure of Al2O3, adhesion between Al2O3 and Fe layers, and the number density of Fe catalyst particles, thereby strongly affecting the growth and spinnability of CNT forests. This study opens up new possibilities for accurately controlling the growth of CNT forests by proper designing of the sub-supporting layers. C1 [Lee, Jaegeun; Lee, Dong-Myeong; Kim, Seung Min] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, 92 Chudong Ro, Jeollabuk Do 55324, South Korea. [Lee, Cheol Hun; Park, Junbeom; Lee, Kun-Hong; Jo, Sae Byeok; Cho, Kilwon] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Cheongam Ro, Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Maruyama, Benji] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Dong-Myeong] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Baekje Daero 567, Jeonju Si 54896, Jeollabuk Do, South Korea. [Jo, Sae Byeok] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kim, SM (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, 92 Chudong Ro, Jeollabuk Do 55324, South Korea. EM seungmin.kim@kist.re.kr RI Park, Junbeom/C-1882-2017 OI Park, Junbeom/0000-0003-2548-2985 FU Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) institutional program; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) project [FA2386-15-1-4099]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant - Korean government (MEST) [2014-003266]; Industrial Fundamental Technology Development Program - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of Korea [10052838] FX This work is financially supported by grants from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) institutional program and the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) project (Project No. FA2386-15-1-4099), and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (Grant No. 2014-003266). This work is also supported in part by the Industrial Fundamental Technology Development Program (10052838, Development of the direct spinning process for continuous carbon nanotube fiber) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of Korea. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 72 BP 68424 EP 68432 DI 10.1039/c6ra12250g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DS1NM UT WOS:000380362700111 ER PT J AU Taylor, CN AF Taylor, Clark N. GP Inst Navigat TI Achieving Consistent Uncertainty Estimates with RANSAC-Based Algorithms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat ID LOCALIZATION AB When using visual processing algorithms to perform navigation, most previous works have focused on finding the best "maximum likelihood" estimate possible given the measurements. When performing navigation, however, having an accurate estimate of the uncertainty is often as important as the estimate itself. Uncertainty estimates are typically generated by assuming known-covariance Gaussian noise on the measurements and propagating this information through the navigation system. Unfortunately, the measurements from a visual sensor are not like the measurements from a typical sensor where the measurement itself is a direct output of the sensor. Instead, the output of a visual sensor is an image which is processed to find feature locations, which become the measurements for downstream algorithms. These feature location measurements are known to be corrupted with significant outliers, meaning that generally some outlier rejection algorithm is used to reduce the measurements down to just the inliers. Unfortunately, the effects of outlier rejection algorithms on the uncertainty estimates have not been previously studied in great detail. In this paper, we analyze one of the most common outlier rejection algorithms, RANSAC, for its effect on uncertainty. We find that RANSAC causes significant errors (inconsistency) in the uncertainty estimation and attempt to explain this effect. After discussing the causes of this inconsistency, we propose an approach to overcome this error and present results demonstrating the efficacy of this approach. C1 [Taylor, Clark N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 44135 USA. RP Taylor, CN (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 44135 USA. EM clark.taylor.3@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 494 EP 500 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BF0XR UT WOS:000379864100046 ER PT J AU Zhu, Z Taylor, C AF Zhu, Zhen Taylor, Clark GP Inst Navigat TI Conservative Uncertainty Estimation in Map-Based Vision-Aided Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat AB In a vision-aided autonomous system, it is crucial to have a consistent covariance matrix of the navigation solution. Overconfidence in covariance could lead to significant deviation of the navigation solution and failures of autonomous missions, especially in a GPS-denied environment. Consistency of a map-based, vision-aided navigation system is investigated in this paper. As has been shown in numerous previous works, the traditional extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach to navigation produces significantly inconsistent (overconfident) covariance estimates. Covariance Intersection (CI) and adjusted EKF approaches can both help resolve the overconfidence problem. We present both simulation-based and real-world results of each of these approaches and compare their strengths and weaknesses. C1 [Zhu, Zhen] East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Taylor, Clark] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BF0XR UT WOS:000379864100047 ER PT J AU Huang, G Miller, MM Akopian, D AF Huang, Grant Miller, Mikel M. Akopian, David GP Inst Navigat TI Network Delay Modeling and Estimation for A-GNSS supports over Cellular Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat ID INTERNET DELAY; LINK DELAY; INFERENCE; TOMOGRAPHY; GPS AB In recent years, Location Based Services (LBS) enabled by advanced positioning technologies, such as the U.S. global positioning system (GPS) and other global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), are widely deployed and have gained significant attention from research communities. The U.S. Assisted-GPS (A-GPS) has been proposed to enhance receiver operation in terms of sensitivity and reduced Time-to-First-Fix (TTFF) by providing assistance, such as coarse position, time references, satellite navigation parameters, and other supporting data, from alternative sources using terrestrial networks. Other GNSSs, such as European Galileo, Russian Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS), Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), Chinese BeiDou, etc., are also currently being subjected to extensive development aiming to improve satellite visibility and signal availability. As the number of navigation satellites is expected to substantially increase in the future, the assistance delivery will extend to emerging A-GNSS supports as well. As terrestrial network channels are currently required to deliver assistance data, this introduces delays, which may deteriorate assisted operations. Thus, communication network delay models need to be developed and properly studied. Measuring and modeling network delays will help developers generate more realistic scenarios for receiver testing. This paper provides a methodology that can be adopted in network delay modeling for mobile station (MS)-based A-GNSS that is applicable to various simulation environments. It demonstrates a test bed with A-GNSS supports based on Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) architecture using data channels to deliver assistance data on two navigation systems, the U.S. GPS and the Russian GLONASS. In this work, measurement campaigns are conducted and network delay models are derived for various representative distances between assistance servers and receivers over cellular networks, such as third-generation mobile telecommunication (3G), and fourth-generation Long Term Evolution (4G LTE), with the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections. C1 [Huang, Grant] Air Force Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Miller, Mikel M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Akopian, David] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Huang, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 932 EP 939 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BF0XR UT WOS:000379864100095 ER PT B AU Fuchi, K Buskohl, PR Bazzan, G Durstock, MF Reich, GW Vaia, RA Joo, JJ AF Fuchi, Kazuko Buskohl, Philip R. Bazzan, Giorgio Durstock, Michael F. Reich, Gregory W. Vaia, Richard A. Joo, James J. GP ASME TI DESIGN OPTIMIZATION & CHALLENGES OF LARGE FOLDING ORIGAMI STRUCTURES SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION AB Reconfigurable structures based on origami design are useful for multi-functional applications, such as deployable shelters, solar array packaging, and tunable antennas. Origami provides a framework to decompose a complex 2D to 3D transformation into a series of folding operations about predetermined fold lines. Recent optimization toolsets have begun to enable a systematic search of the design space to not only optimize geometry, but mechanical performance criteria as well. However, selecting optimum fold patterns for large folding operations is challenging as geometric nonlinearity influences fold choice throughout the evolution. The present work investigates strategies for design optimization to incorporate the current and future configurations of the structure in the performance evaluation. An optimization method, combined with finite element analysis, is used to distribute mechanical properties within an initially flat structure to determine optimal crease patterns to achieve desired motions. Out-of-plane and twist displacement objectives are used in three examples. The influence of load increment and geometric nonlinearity on the choice of crease patterns is studied and appropriate optimization strategies are discussed. C1 [Fuchi, Kazuko; Reich, Gregory W.; Joo, James J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.; Bazzan, Giorgio; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.; Bazzan, Giorgio] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Joo, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.joo.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5713-7 PY 2016 AR V0BT0A051 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BF1NU UT WOS:000380413700051 ER PT B AU Braden, P Gainer, K AF Braden, Paul Gainer, Kaitlyn GP ASME TI APPLICATION OF THE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT TO RESTORE SMOOTHNESS SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP ASME, Aerospace Div AB A major worldwide industry is the display and preservation of historical and rare documents, paintings, canvases, tapestries and other works of art. Many private collectors and museums pay large amounts, such as the $23 million for the U.S. National Gallery and $8 million for the U.S. National Archives. There is an even greater demand for many consumers who desire an affordable way to safely maintain their images in top condition for viewing and enjoyment. Another industry where the smoothness of the paper documents is important is in the shipping and delivery business. Here, many shipments are done with cylindrical tubes that cause the paper to appear bent and not flat. In some cases, this can pose a major problem for scanning and electronic devices which need a flat surface for optimal performance. A novel new alternative to traditional conservation methods is the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA's) to remove wrinkles and other surface anomalies. SMA's use a thermoelastic property called the Shape Memory Effect (SME) to recover large strains by phase transformation. In this process, the SMA is stretched until the polycrystalline microstructure is detwinned Martensite. Then, energy in the form of heat is applied to the SMA which causes the phase transformation to the more compact Austenite. Thus, a reverse method is the proposed solution for the complex problem faced by art preservation experts. Instead of using large clamps and having to wait for results, we demonstrate how embedded SMA wires in a robust picture frame can provide a continuous restorative force that maintains the picture's smoothness. Using proper simple wiring from the SMA wires to the picture, it is possible to remove the strains in the paper and hold the picture to the proper smoothness long tenth We provide experimental results and offer suggestions for the future use of SMA's in this new field of art restoration. C1 [Braden, Paul] Tinker AFB, Oklahoma City, OK 73145 USA. [Gainer, Kaitlyn] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Braden, P (reprint author), Tinker AFB, Oklahoma City, OK 73145 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5730-4 PY 2016 AR V002T04A003 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF0YF UT WOS:000379884200003 ER PT B AU Magar, KT Reich, GW Rickey, MR Smyers, BM Beblo, RV AF Magar, Kaman Thapa Reich, Gregory W. Rickey, Matthew R. Smyers, Brian M. Beblo, Richard V. GP ASME TI AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS PREDICTION VIA ARTIFICIAL HAIR SENSOR AND FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORK SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP ASME, Aerospace Div AB Fly by feel is a concept in which distributed sensors and actuators are integrated on an aerial system for state awareness or sensation of the environment, and make use of distributed control to increase the system maneuverability, stability and safety. Artificial hair sensors are good candidates as sensors for the fly by feel concept because they are lightweight, have low manufacturing costs and can easily be integrated on the surface of air vehicle without affecting the flow. We investigate an application of artificial hair sensors considering its capability of measuring the local flow velocity combined with a Feedforward Artificial Neural Network to predict the aerodynamic quantities such as lift coefficient, moment coefficient, angle of attack and free-stream velocity in real-time. These quantities, when combined with the physical and unsteady aerodynamics parameters, will make a framework for designing and implementing an active controller for gust alleviation in a pitch and plunge airfoil system. C1 [Magar, Kaman Thapa] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Reich, Gregory W.; Rickey, Matthew R.; Smyers, Brian M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQVC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beblo, Richard V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Magar, KT (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM kaman.thapamagar@wright.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5730-4 PY 2016 AR V002T06A004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF0YF UT WOS:000379884200039 ER PT J AU Fitch, KE Hutchison, KD Bartlett, KS Wacker, RS Gross, KC AF Fitch, Kyle E. Hutchison, Keith D. Bartlett, Kevin S. Wacker, Robert S. Gross, Kevin C. TI Assessing VIIRS cloud base height products with data collected at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement sites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGER RADIOMETER SUITE; ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SOLAR-RADIATION; MODIS; TIME; SENSITIVITY; INSTRUMENT; RETRIEVAL; MODEL AB A system-level analysis has been completed to assess the accuracy of cloud base height (CBH) products of lower-altitude water clouds created from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). While the analysis focused on the CBH products, it necessarily included an assessment of other key, upstream VIIRS cloud products, including VIIRS cloud top height (CTH), VIIRS cloud optical thickness (COT), and VIIRS cloud effective particle size (EPS). The COT and EPS products are used to derive a geometric cloud thickness, which is then subtracted from the CTH product to generate the CBH product. Thus, a system-level analysis is critical to establishing the detailed algorithm error budget needed to identify the major sources of errors in the CBH product and help focus future research efforts to improve this important cloud product. As a consequence, ground-based data collected at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites became most useful for conducting this system-level analysis. Therefore, match-up data sets were created between VIIRS cloud products and DOE ARM site data sets from June 2013 to October 2015, and while the primary focus was on the highest-quality data at the Lamont, OK ARM site, data were analysed from a total of four ARM sites. The initial results showed the errors in the VIIRS CBH products, compared to the ARM site data sets, to be large and highly variable; however, errors in VIIRS COT and the derived VIIRS cloud geometric thickness were much smaller. Consequently, the VIIRS CTH products were replaced with the ARM CTH products, which substantially reduced the variability and errors in the VIIRS CBH products. It is concluded that the performance of the VIIRS CBH products is most strongly correlated with errors in the VIIRS CTH products, while errors in COT and geometric cloud thicknesses are acceptable. Thus, future research is needed to reduce the errors in the VIIRS CTH products in order to ensure the VIIRS CBH products are suitable for civilian and military aerodrome operations. C1 [Fitch, Kyle E.; Bartlett, Kevin S.; Gross, Kevin C.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hutchison, Keith D.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wacker, Robert S.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fitch, KE (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kyle.fitch@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2604 EP 2620 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1182665 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DR5NX UT WOS:000379950800009 ER PT S AU Blackford, EB Estepp, JR Piasecki, AM Bowers, MA Klosterman, SL AF Blackford, Ethan B. Estepp, Justin R. Piasecki, Alyssa M. Bowers, Margaret A. Klosterman, Samantha L. BE Cote, GL TI Long-range non-contact imaging photoplethysmography: Cardiac pulse wave sensing at a distance SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND SENSING XVI: TOWARD POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XVI - Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG); non-contact photoplethysmography (ncPPG); pulse rate (PR); vital sign measurement; blind source separation (BSS); long range; camera; telephoto ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; HEART-RATE; AMBIENT LIGHT AB Non-contact, imaging photoplethysmography uses photo-optical sensors to measure variations in light absorption, caused by blood volume pulsations, to assess cardiopulmonary parameters including pulse rate, pulse rate variability, and respiration rate. Recently, researchers have studied the applications and methodology of imaging photoplethysmography. Basic research has examined some of the variables affecting data quality and accuracy of imaging photoplethysmography including signal processing, imager parameters (e.g. frame rate and resolution), lighting conditions, subject motion, and subject skin tone. This technology may be beneficial for long term or continuous monitoring where contact measurements may be harmful (e.g. skin sensitivities) or where imperceptible or unobtrusive measurements are desirable. Using previously validated signal processing methods, we examined the effects of imager-to-subject distance on one-minute, windowed estimates of pulse rate. High-resolution video of 22, stationary participants was collected using an enthusiast-grade, mirrorless, digital camera equipped with a fully-manual, super-telephoto lens at distances of 25, 50, and 100 meters with simultaneous contact measurements of electrocardiography, and fingertip photoplethysmography. By comparison, previous studies have usually been conducted with imager-to-subject distances of up to only a few meters. Mean absolute error for one-minute, windowed, pulse rate estimates (compared to those derived from gold-standard electrocardiography) were 2.0, 4.1, and 10.9 beats per minute at distances of 25, 50, and 100 meters, respectively. Long-range imaging presents several unique challenges among which include decreased, observed light reflectance and smaller regions of interest. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate that accurate pulse rate measurements can be obtained from over long imager-to-participant distances given these constraints. C1 [Blackford, Ethan B.; Bowers, Margaret A.; Klosterman, Samantha L.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 2875 Presidential Dr, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Estepp, Justin R.] Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Piasecki, Alyssa M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackford, EB (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 2875 Presidential Dr, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. EM Ethan.Blackford.ctr@us.af.mil; Justin.Estepp@us.af.mil NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-949-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9715 AR 971512 DI 10.1117/12.2208130 PG 17 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF0ZW UT WOS:000379998400030 ER PT B AU Hossain, MK Chowdhury, MMR Hosur, M Jeelani, S Bolden, NW AF Hossain, Mohammad K. Chowdhury, Md Mahmudur R. Hosur, Mahesh Jeelani, Shaik Bolden, Nydeia W. GP ASME TI ENHANCED PROPERTIES OF EPOXY COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH AMINO-FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; GRAPHITE; DISPERSION; NANOSHEETS; SHEETS AB A systematic study has been conducted on processing and characterization of epoxy polymer composite to enhance its mechanical, viscoelastic, and thermal properties through optimization of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). GNP having a two dimensional structure is composed of several layers of graphite nanocrystals stacked together. GNP is expected to provide better reinforcing effect in polymer matrix composites as a nanofiller along with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties due to its planar structure and ultrahigh aspect ratio. GNP is also considered to be the novel nanofiller due to its exceptional functionalities, high mechanical strength, chemical stability, abundance in nature, and cost effectiveness. Moreover, it possesses an extremely high-specific surface area which carries a high level of transferring stress across the interface and provides higher reinforcement than carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polymer composites. Hence, this research has been focused on the reinforcing effect of the amine-functionalized GNP on mechanical, viscoelastic, and thermal properties of the epoxy resin-EPON 828 composite. Amine functionalized GNP was infused in EPON 828 at different loadings including 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and .0.5 wt% as a reinforcing agent. GNP was infused into epoxy resin Epon 828 Part-A using a high intensity ultrasonic liquid processor followed by a three roll milling processor for better dispersion. The GNP/epoxy mixture was then mixed with the curing agent Epikure 3223 according to the stoichiometric ratio (Part A: Part B = 12:1). The mixture was then placed in a vacuum oven at 40 degrees C for 10 m to ensure the complete removal of entrapped bubbles and thus reduce the chance of void formation. The as prepared resin mixture was then poured in rubber molds to prepare samples for mechanical, viscoelastic, and thermal characterization according to ASTM standards. Molds containing liquid epoxy nanocomposites were then kept in the vacuum oven at room temperature for seven days to confirm full curing of the samples according to the manufacturer's suggestion. Similarly, neat epoxy samples were fabricated to obtain its baseline properties through mechanical, viscoelastic, and thermal characterization and compare these properties with those of nanophased ones. The reinforcing effect of the amine-functionalized GNP on the epoxy was characterized through mechanical, viscoelastic, and thermal analyses. Fracture morphology of mechanically tested samples was evaluated through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) study. The mechanical properties were determined through flexure test according to the ASTM standard. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) were performed to analyze viscoelastic and thermal performances of the composite. In all cases, the 0.4 wt% GNP infused epoxy nanocomposite exhibited the best properties. The 0.4 wt% GNP-loaded epoxy sample showed 20% and 40% improvement in flexure strength and modulus, respectively. Moreover, 16% improvement in the storage modulus and 37% decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion were observed due to the integration of GNP reinforcement into the epoxy system. Scanning electronic micrographs exhibited smooth fracture surface for the neat sample, whereas the roughness of surface increased due to the GNP incorporation. This is an indication of change in the crack propagation during loading and a higher energy requirement to fracture the GNP-loaded sample. C1 [Hossain, Mohammad K.; Chowdhury, Md Mahmudur R.] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Hosur, Mahesh; Jeelani, Shaik] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Bolden, Nydeia W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hossain, MK (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hossainm@mytu.tuskegee.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5752-6 PY 2016 AR V009T12A072 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0XE UT WOS:000379791500072 ER PT B AU Hossain, MK Chowdhury, MMR Bolden, NW AF Hossain, Mohammad K. Chowdhury, Md Mahmudur R. Bolden, Nydeia W. GP ASME TI OPTIMIZED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF CARBON FIBER-EPDXY COMPOSITE USING AMINOFUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; REINFORCEMENT; PERCOLATION; DISPERSION; NANOSHEETS; SHEETS AB A systematic study has been conducted on processing and characterizing of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (CFRP) composites to enhance their properties through the optimization of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP). GNP having a two dimensional structure is composed of several layers of graphite nanocrystals stacked together. GNP is expected to provide better reinforcing effect in polymer matrix composites as a nanofiller along with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties due to its planar structure and ultrahigh aspect ratio. GNP is also considered to be the novel nanofiller due to its exceptional functionalities, high mechanical strength, chemical stability, abundance in nature, and cost effectiveness. Moreover, it possesses an extremely high-specific surface area which carries a high level of transferring stress across the interface and provides higher reinforcement than carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polymer composites. Hence, this extensive research has been focused on the reinforcing effect of amino-functionalized GNP on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Amine functionalized GNP was integrated in EPON 828 at different loadings, including 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt%, as a reinforcing agent. GNP was infused into Epon 828 resin using a high intensity ultrasonic processor followed by a three roll milling for better dispersion. Epikure 3223 curing agent was then added to the modified resin and mixed.using a high-speed mechanical stirrer. The mixture was then placed in a vacuum oven at 40 C for 10 min to ensure the complete removal of entrapped bubbles and thus reduce the chance of void formation. Finally, both conventional arid nanophased carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (CFRP) composites were fabricated by employing a combination of hand lay-up and compression hot press techniques. Carbon woven fabrics were properly stacked into eleven layers while maintaining their parallel orientation. Modified epoxy resin was smeared uniformly on each fabric layer using a brush and a wooden roller. The fabric stack was then wrapped with a bleeder cloth and a nonporous Teflon cloth and placed on the plates of the hot press where pressure and temperature were controlled precisely to ascertain maximum wetting of fibers with matrix and compaction of the layup as well as curing. Temperature was kept at 60 degrees C for 1 hour to attain enough flow of resin at lower viscosity as compared to room temperature and at the same time not to let it flow out of the layup. Temperature was then increased to 100 degrees C and maintained for 1 hour to obtain completely cured carbon-epoxy composites. After completion of the curing cycles, the laminate was allowed to cool down slowly to avoid any unwanted shrinkage. The conventional CFRP composite were fabricated in a similar fashion. Mechanical properties were determined through flexure and tensile tests according to ASTM standards. In all cases, 0.4 wt% GNP infused epoxy nanocomposite exhibited the best properties. The 0.4 wt% GNP modified carbon fiber/epoxy composites exhibited 19% improvement in the flexure strength and 15% improvement in the flexure modulus. Tensile test results of CFRP composites showed a maximum improvement in the tensile strength and tensile modulus by about 18% and 19%, respectively, for the 0.4 wt% GNP-infused samples over the control sample. Both flexural and tensile properties were observed to reach the highest at the 0. 4 wt% loading due to the better interfacial interaction and effective load transfer between the NH2-GNP and the epoxy resin. Furthermore, morphological analysis ensured better dispersion and improved interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fiber for GNP reinforced composites. C1 [Hossain, Mohammad K.; Chowdhury, Md Mahmudur R.] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Bolden, Nydeia W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hossain, MK (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hossainm@mytu.tuskegee.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5752-6 PY 2016 AR V009T12A057 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0XE UT WOS:000379791500057 ER PT B AU Seifert, R Patil, M Seidel, G Reich, G AF Seifert, Ryan Patil, Mayuresh Seidel, Gary Reich, Gregory GP ASME TI MULTI-FUNCTIONAL TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF PIEZORESISTIVE NANOCOMPOSITE BEAMS SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP ASME, Aerospace Div AB This paper presents an analysis of optimization for multifunctional nanocomposites. A carbon nanotubeepoxy composite is optimized for maximum resistance change and minimum strain energy. Analysis uses a finite element method and includes the coupled physics of mechanics, electrostatics, and piezoresistivity. The problem is solved first for minimum strain energy, then two resistance maximization problems are solved. For all optimization, sensitivities are obtained analytically. After solving the individual problems a weighted sum approach is used in the multi-objective optimization of both minimizing the strain energy and maximizing the resistance change. Comments are made as to the effect of the topology optimization method as a design tool, on the shape of the optimized cross sections, and on the possible extensions on using the coupled physics topology optimization algorithm. C1 [Seifert, Ryan; Patil, Mayuresh; Seidel, Gary] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Reich, Gregory] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seifert, R (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5729-8 PY 2016 AR V001T01A012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF0YE UT WOS:000379884100012 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Elmore, B Schmidt, J Matchefts, E Burley, JL AF Fiorino, Steven T. Elmore, Brannon Schmidt, Jaclyn Matchefts, Elizabeth Burley, Jarred L. BE Thomas, LM Spillar, EJ TI A Fast Calculating Two-Stream-Like Multiple Scattering Algorithm that Captures Azimuthal and Elevation Variations SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation XIII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE multiple scattering; radiative transfer; diffuse energy; radiance; atmospheric effects; aerosols; clouds AB Properly accounting for multiple scattering effects can have important implications for remote sensing and possibly directed energy applications. For example, increasing path radiance can affect signal noise. This study describes the implementation of a fast-calculating two-stream-like multiple scattering algorithm that captures azimuthal and elevation variations into the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) atmospheric characterization and radiative transfer code. The multiple scattering algorithm fully solves for molecular, aerosol, cloud, and precipitation single-scatter layer effects with a Mie algorithm at every calculation point/layer rather than an interpolated value from a pre-calculated look-up-table. This top-down cumulative diffusivity method first considers the incident solar radiance contribution to a given layer accounting for solid angle and elevation, and it then measures the contribution of diffused energy from previous layers based on the transmission of the current level to produce a cumulative radiance that is reflected from a surface and measured at the aperture at the observer. Then a unique set of asymmetry and backscattering phase function parameter calculations are made which account for the radiance loss due to the molecular and aerosol constituent reflectivity within a level and allows for a more accurate characterization of diffuse layers that contribute to multiple scattered radiances in inhomogeneous atmospheres. The code logic is valid for spectral bands between 200 nm and radio wavelengths, and the accuracy is demonstrated by comparing the results from LEEDR to observed sky radiance data. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Elmore, Brannon; Schmidt, Jaclyn; Matchefts, Elizabeth; Burley, Jarred L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elmore, Brannon; Matchefts, Elizabeth] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37380 USA. [Schmidt, Jaclyn] Appl Res Solut, 51 Plum St,Ste 240, Beavercreek, OH 45440 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0074-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9833 AR 983305 DI 10.1117/12.2223780 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF0ST UT WOS:000379405500004 ER PT S AU McCrae, JE Basu, S Fiorino, ST AF McCrae, Jack E., Jr. Basu, Santasri Fiorino, Steven T. BE Thomas, LM Spillar, EJ TI Estimation of Atmospheric Parameters from Time-Lapse Imagery SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation XIII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE atmospheric propagation; image correlation; time-lapse imaging; Fried parameter; atmospheric coherence diameter; turbulence; imaging through turbulence; turbulence profiling ID GENERALIZED SCIDAR AB A time-lapse imaging experiment was conducted to estimate various atmospheric parameters for the imaging path. Atmospheric turbulence caused frame-to-frame shifts of the entire image as well as parts of the image. The statistics of these shifts encode information about the turbulence strength (as characterized by C-n(2), the refractive index structure function constant) along the optical path. The shift variance observed is simply proportional to the variance of the tilt of the optical field averaged over the area being tracked. By presuming this turbulence follows the Kolmogorov spectrum, weighting functions can be derived which relate the turbulence strength along the path to the shifts measured. These weighting functions peak at the camera and fall to zero at the object. The larger the area observed, the more quickly the weighting function decays. One parameter we would like to estimate is r(0) (the Fried parameter, or atmospheric coherence diameter.) The weighting functions derived for pixel sized or larger parts of the image all fall faster than the weighting function appropriate for estimating the spherical wave r(0). If we presume C-n(2) is constant along the path, then an estimate for r(0) can be obtained for each area tracked, but since the weighting function for r(0) differs substantially from that for every realizable tracked area, it can be expected this approach would yield a poor estimator. Instead, the weighting functions for a number of different patch sizes can be combined through the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse to create a new weighting function which yields the least-squares optimal linear combination of measurements for estimation of r(0). This approach is carried out, and it is observed that this approach is somewhat noisy because the pseudo-inverse assigns weights much greater than one to many of the observations. C1 [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.; Basu, Santasri; Fiorino, Steven T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basu, Santasri] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37380 USA. RP McCrae, JE (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jack.mccrae@afit.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0074-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9833 AR 983303 DI 10.1117/12.2223986 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF0ST UT WOS:000379405500002 ER PT J AU Almkhelfe, H Carpena-Nunez, J Back, TC Amama, PB AF Almkhelfe, Haider Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer Back, Tyson C. Amama, Placidus B. TI Gaseous product mixture from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as an efficient carbon feedstock for low temperature CVD growth of carbon nanotube carpets SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FE-CU; CATALYST; MECHANISM; DECOMPOSITION; NANOFIBERS; EVOLUTION; DIOXIDE; PECVD; WATER AB Low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotube (CNT) carpets from Fe and Fe-Cu catalysts using a gaseous product mixture from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS-GP) as a superior carbon feedstock is demonstrated. This growth approach addresses a persistent issue of obtaining thick CNT carpets on temperature-sensitive substrates at low temperatures using a non-plasma CVD approach without catalyst pretreatment and/or preheating of the carbon feedstock. The efficiency of the process is evidenced by the highly dense, vertically aligned CNT structures from both Fe and Fe-Cu catalysts even at temperatures as low as 400 degrees C - a record low growth temperature for CNT carpets obtained via conventional thermal CVD. The grown CNTs exhibit a straight morphology with hollow interior and parallel graphitic planes along the tube walls. The apparent activation energies for CNT carpet growth on Fe and Fe-Cu catalysts are 0.71 and 0.54 eV, respectively. The synergistic effect of Fe and Cu show a strong dependence on the growth temperature, with Cu being more influential at temperatures higher than 450 degrees C. The low activation energies and long catalyst lifetimes observed are rationalized based on the unique composition of FTS-GP and Gibbs free energies for the decomposition reactions of the hydrocarbon components. The use of FTS-GP facilitates low-temperature growth of CNT carpets on traditional (alumina film) and nontraditional substrates (aluminum foil) and has the potential of enhancing CNT quality, catalyst lifetime, and scalability. C1 [Almkhelfe, Haider; Amama, Placidus B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer; Back, Tyson C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pamama@ksu.edu FU ACS-PRF [5484-DN15]; Kansas State University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge ACS-PRF (Award Number: 5484-DN15) and Kansas State University (start-up funds) for support of this work. Access to the TEM facility at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), WPAFB is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Dr Ahmad Islam for assisting with thickness measurements of the various films using AFM. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 27 BP 13476 EP 13487 DI 10.1039/c6nr03679a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DQ8VH UT WOS:000379489000042 PM 27353432 ER PT S AU Shcherbin, K Gvozdovskyy, I Evans, DR AF Shcherbin, Konstantin Gvozdovskyy, Igor Evans, Dean R. BE Bjelkhagen, HI Bove, VM TI Dynamic grating recording in liquid crystal light valve with semiconductor substrate SO PRACTICAL HOLOGRAPHY XXX: MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Practical Holography XXX Conference CY FEB 15-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE liquid crystal light valve; dynamic gratings; dynamic holography; liquid crystals; spatial light modulators; infrared ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE PROPERTIES; GAAS AB Liquid crystal light valve with GaAs substrate operating in the transmission mode in the infrared is studied. The nonlinear phase shift of the transmitted light wave is measured as a function of applied voltage. The dynamic grating recording is achieved. A fourfold amplification of the weak signal beam is reached. The gain is increased by means of proper tilting of the cell that increases an effective pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules. The amplitude of the refractive index modulation and nonlinear coupling constant are estimated from the experimental results. C1 [Shcherbin, Konstantin; Gvozdovskyy, Igor] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prospekt Nauki 46, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shcherbin, K (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prospekt Nauki 46, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. EM kshcherb@iop.kiev.ua NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0006-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9771 AR 97710U DI 10.1117/12.2209552 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF0SS UT WOS:000379405000023 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Heckman, E Dalton, L Kajzar, F Rau, I Grote, J AF Ouchen, Fahima Heckman, Emily Dalton, Larry Kajzar, Francois Rau, Ileana Grote, James BE Tabor, CE Kajzar, F Kaino, T Koike, Y TI Electro-optic enhancing interfacial buffer layers for nonlinear optic polymers SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices XVIII CY FEB 15-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optic polymer; opto-electronic; electro-optic modulator; electro-optic coefficient; guanine; nucleobase; bathocuproine; interfacial; buffer AB Here we demonstrate a 3X - 6X increase in the nonlinearity, or electro-optic (EO) coefficient, and a 40% - 85% increase in working device yield, of the nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer disperse red 1:polymethylmethacrylate (DR1:PMMA) by introducing a thin guanine nucleobase interfacial buffer layer, deposited between the NLO polymer and the cathode and a thin bathocuproine (BCP) interfacial buffer layer, deposited between the NLO polymer and the anode. This has the potential to realize significantly higher EO coefficients without the need to synthesize new NLO polymer materials, as well as an increase in device yield due to less failure during poling. C1 [Ouchen, Fahima; Grote, James] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Heckman, Emily] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dalton, Larry] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kajzar, Francois; Rau, Ileana] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-980-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9745 AR 974502 DI 10.1117/12.2219631 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF0AY UT WOS:000378435500001 ER PT S AU Schunemann, PG Pomeranz, LA Magarrell, DJ McCarthy, JC Zawilski, KT Zelmon, DE AF Schunemann, Peter G. Pomeranz, Leonard A. Magarrell, Daniel J. McCarthy, John C. Zawilski, Kevin T. Zelmon, David E. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI 1064-nm-pumped mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID SUBLATTICE REVERSAL; EPITAXY AB The first 1064-nm-pumped OP-GaP OPO was successfully demonstrated. A Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser (similar to 1W, 3.3ns, 10kHz) pumped OP-GaP (16.5-mm-long, 20.8-micron grating period) yielded temperature-tunable signal and idler output wavelengths of 1385-1361 nm and 4591-4876 nm respectively. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Schunemann, Peter G.; Pomeranz, Leonard A.; Magarrell, Daniel J.; McCarthy, John C.; Zawilski, Kevin T.] BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Zelmon, David E.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Schunemann, PG (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com; david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203016 ER PT B AU Casbeer, DW Cao, YC Garcia, E Milutinovic, D AF Casbeer, David W. Cao, Yongcan Garcia, Eloy Milutinovic, Dejan GP ASME TI AVERAGE BRIDGE CONSENSUS: DEALING WITH ACTIVE-PASSIVE SENSORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID AGENTS AB In network average. consensus problems, a failure, in which a node cannot provide the initial value, but can communicate with its neighbors gives rise to the bridge,consensus problem. In its formulation, the failed node serves as a bridge which maintains the network communication connectivity, and its failure to provide the value does not impact the capability of the rest of the network nodes to reach a consensus. The proposed bridge consensus solution can deal with multiple failing nodes and large networks in a scalable manner. The solution properties are proven and illustrated by a numerical example. C1 [Casbeer, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cao, Yongcan] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Milutinovic, Dejan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Casbeer, DW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.casbeer@us.af.mil; yongcan.cao@utsa.edu; elgarcia@infoscitex.com; dejan@soe.ucsc.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5726-7 PY 2016 AR V003T37A005 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IZ UT WOS:000377639200005 ER PT B AU Milutinovic, D Casbeer, DW AF Milutinovic, Dejan Casbeer, David W. GP ASME TI AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT OF MOTION CAPTURING SYSTEM MARKERS TO A SMALL DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE ROBOT'S POSITION AND HEADING ANGLE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID ACCURACY; MODELS AB Marker-based motion capturing systems are effective in racking a robot only if the marker configuration is somehow aligned with the robot's body. To overcome the manual alignment, in this paper we propose an automatic procedure for a small differential drive ground robot. The procedure requires that the robot travels along an arbitrary curved trajectory. The arameters describing the relative position between the marker configuration and the robot's body are estimated. Once the parameters are known, they can be used to compute the robot's center and its heading angle. The effectiveness of the procedure as illustrated by an experiment and the results showing that the accuracy of the robot center position exceeds the accuracy of the motion capturing measurements of the markers' positions. C1 [Milutinovic, Dejan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Milutinovic, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM dejan@soe.ucsc.edu; david.casbeer@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5726-7 PY 2016 AR V003T47A004 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IZ UT WOS:000377639200055 ER PT J AU Marstall, J Miller, ME Poisson, RJ AF Marstall, Jerry Miller, Michael E. Poisson, Robert J., III TI Collaboration in the Cockpit: Human-System Interaction Beyond the Autopilot SO ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN LA English DT Article DE context-aware computing; automation; spatial disorientation; aviation; naturalistic interaction; cockpit AB FEATURE AT A GLANCE: "Lead, where are you going?" Considering this life-saving radio call from my wingman many nights ago, one may wonder how technology could provide every pilot with as vigilant a wingman within his or her own aircraft. Questions regarding this artificial wingman reach beyond its design to include "Is it appropriate or necessary to develop standard communication procedures for human-computer interaction?" and "Should the artificial wingman assume control?" As context-aware computing and automation appear in people's lives, their ability to answer these and related questions will shape the impact of technology on safety and well-being. C1 [Marstall, Jerry] Pilot Disorientat Prevent Technol LLC, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Miller, Michael E.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Engn & Management, Washington, DC USA. [Poisson, Robert J., III] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Marstall, J (reprint author), Pilot Disorientat Prevent Technol LLC, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1064-8046 EI 2169-5083 J9 ERGON DES JI Ergon. Des. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1177/1064804615572628 PG 5 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA DO2NW UT WOS:000377617700002 ER PT J AU Echchgadda, I Grundt, JE Cerna, CZ Roth, CC Payne, JA Ibey, BL Wilmink, GJ AF Echchgadda, Ibtissam Grundt, Jessica E. Cerna, Cesario Z. Roth, Caleb C. Payne, Jason A. Ibey, Bennett L. Wilmink, Gerald J. TI Terahertz Radiation: A Non-contact Tool for the Selective Stimulation of Biological Responses in Human Cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) CY MAR 16-18, 2015 CL Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Coll Observ HO Smithsonian Astrophys Observ DE Cell exposure; cellular response; global gene expression; miRNAs; mRNAs; signaling pathways; thermal effect; THz bioeffect ID CELLULAR STRESS-RESPONSE; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; HYDRATION DYNAMICS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROTEIN SURFACE; STEM-CELLS; WATER; MICRORNAS; IDENTIFICATION AB Collective motions of water and of many biological macromolecules have characteristic time scales on the order of a picosecond. As a result, these biomolecules can strongly absorb terahertz (THz) radiation. Due to this absorption, THz radiation can exert a diverse range of effects on biological structures. For example, THz radiation has been shown to impact the structure, functional activity, and dynamics of macromolecules such as DNA and proteins. THz radiation can affect several gene expression pathways and, consequently, can alter various biochemical and physiological processes in cells. Indeed, THz radiation has been shown to influence the expression of several genes within different cell types. However, a complete view of the global transcriptional responses and the intracellular canonical pathways specifically triggered by THz radiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed a global profiling of transcripts in human cells exposed to 2.52 THz radiation and compared the exposure responses to a thermally-matched bulk-heating (BH) protocol. Our results show that both THz radiation and BH induce a significant change in the expression of numerous mRNAs and microRNAs. The data also show that THz radiation triggers specific intracellular canonical pathways that are not affected in the BH-exposed cells. This study implies that THz radiation may be a useful, non-contact tool for the selective control of specific genes and cellular processes. C1 [Echchgadda, Ibtissam; Grundt, Jessica E.; Payne, Jason A.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Bioeffects Div,Ra, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cerna, Cesario Z.; Roth, Caleb C.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Echchgadda, I (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Bioeffects Div,Ra, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM ibtissam.echchgadda.1@us.af.mil NR 68 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 SI SI BP 54 EP 68 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2504782 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DO3LB UT WOS:000377682000009 ER PT B AU DeSimio, MP Hencey, BM Parry, AC AF DeSimio, Martin P. Hencey, Brandon M. Parry, Adam C. GP ASME TI Online Prognostics for Fuel Thermal Management System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div AB Modern tactical aircraft subsystems face challenging weight and volume limitations. hi addition, power and thermal subsystems have grown increasingly flight critical with each successive generation. Consequently, next generation power and thermal systems must reliably operate under narrower margins to enable electrically and thermally demanding capabilities, such as directed energy weapons. The ability to narrow these margins is ultimately limited by the ability to guarantee mission objectives despite variations and uncertainty in power and thermal system performance. This paper demonstrates online prognostic methods applied to a fuel thermal management system. Furthermore, this paper highlights the need for future research to quantify the effects on mission objectives caused by discrepancies between nominal and actual conditions for aircraft designs based on models of highly integrated systems. C1 [DeSimio, Martin P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hencey, Brandon M.; Parry, Adam C.] Air Force Res Lab, RQQI, RQQD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeSimio, MP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5724-3 PY 2016 AR V001T08A003 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IX UT WOS:000377639000038 ER PT B AU Garcia, E Casbeer, DW Pachter, M AF Garcia, Eloy Casbeer, David W. Pachter, Meir GP ASME TI ESCAPE REGIONS OF THE ACTIVE TARGET DEFENSE DIFFERENTIAL GAME SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID AIRCRAFT PROTECTION; MOVING TARGET; GUIDANCE; STRATEGIES; PURSUIT; MISSILE; LINE AB The active target defense differential game is addressed in this paper. In this differential game an Attacker missile pursues a Target aircraft. The aircraft is however aided by a Defender missile launched by, say, the wingman, to intercept the Attacker before it reaches the Target aircraft. Thus, a team is formed by the Target and the Defender which cooperate to maximize the separation between the Target aircraft and the point where the Attacker missile is intercepted by the Defender missile, while the Attacker simultaneously tries to minimize said distance. This paper focuses on characterizing the set of coordinates such that if the Target's initial position belong to this set then its survival is guaranteed if both the Target and the Defender follow their optimal strategies. Such optimal strategies are presented in this paper as well. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com; david.casbeer@us.af.mil; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5724-3 PY 2016 AR V001T03A001 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IX UT WOS:000377639000011 ER PT B AU Gruenwald, BC Wagner, D Yucelen, T Muse, JA AF Gruenwald, Benjamin C. Wagner, Daniel Yucelen, Tansel Muse, Jonathan A. GP ASME TI AN LMI-BASED HEDGING APPROACH TO MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL WITH ACTUATOR DYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div AB Although model reference adaptive control has been used in numerous applications to achieve system performance without excessive reliance on dynamical system models, the presence of actuator dynamics can seriously limit the stability and the achievable performance of adaptive controllers. In this paper, an linear matrix inequalities-based hedging approach is developed and evaluated for model reference adaptive control of uncertain dynamical systems in the presence of actuator dynamics. The hedging method modifies the ideal reference model dynamics in order to allow correct adaptation that does not get affected due to the presence of actuator dynamics. Specifically, we first generalize the hedging approach to cover cases in which actuator output and is known and unknown. We next show the stability of the closed-loop dynamical system using tools from Lyapunov stability and linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed linear matrix-inequalities-based hedging approach to model reference adaptive control. C1 [Gruenwald, Benjamin C.; Wagner, Daniel; Yucelen, Tansel] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Adv Syst Res Lab, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Muse, Jonathan A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gruenwald, BC (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Adv Syst Res Lab, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM bg8t2@mst.edu; drw5ff@mst.edu; yucelen@mst.edu; jonathan.muse.2@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5724-3 PY 2016 AR V001T01A004 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IX UT WOS:000377639000004 ER PT B AU Ngo, AD Cory, JR Hencey, BM Patnaik, SS AF Ngo, Anhtuan D. Cory, Joshua R. Hencey, Brandon M. Patnaik, Soumya S. GP ASME TI A SIMULINK PATHWAY FOR MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID AIRCRAFT AB Current and next generation tactical aircraft face daunting thermal challenges that involve reliably maintaining thermal constraints despite large transient loads. Model-based control synthesis has the potential to improve the performance of a vapor compression cycle system during its transient operating condition, driven by intermittent and dynamic thermal loads, when compared to the current heuristic control design technique. However, the excessive labor and expertise necessary to develop models amenable to model-based control design techniques has been an impediment to widespread deployment. This paper demonstrates a Simulink pathway for model-based design via the AFRL Transient Thermal Modeling and Optimization (ATTMO) toolbox. An effective, simple linear quadratic gaussian control design is demonstrated and opens the door for widespread deployment of many advanced control techniques. C1 [Ngo, Anhtuan D.; Hencey, Brandon M.; Patnaik, Soumya S.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cory, Joshua R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ngo, AD (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anhtuan.ngo@us.af.mi; joshua.cory@udri.udayton.edu; brandon.hencey@us.af.mil; soumya.patnaik.1@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5724-3 PY 2016 AR V001T08A002 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IX UT WOS:000377639000037 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Ullrich, B Das, A Wai, CM Brown, GJ Dass, CK Hendrickson, JR AF Wang, Joanna S. Ullrich, Bruno Das, Anirban Wai, Chien M. Brown, Gail J. Dass, Chandriker K. Hendrickson, Joshua R. TI Luminescence studies for energy transfer of lead sulfide QD films SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT SOLIDS; ORDERED ARRAYS; PBS NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; SENSOR; GOLD AB Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes are deposited with supercritical fluid CO2 (sc-CO2) to form laterally uniform PbS quantum dot films on glass substrates as compared to other deposition methods. Fluorescence and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of PbS QDs obtained from these closely packed films prepared by the sc-CO2 method reveal effective Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between PbS QDs of two different sizes, while the films composed of three different sizes of PbS QDs show an even more effective FRET from the smallest to the largest particles. The FRET measured by PL is consistent with that measured by fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature. From the PL studies of PbS QD films containing two different QD sizes, we demonstrate that the occurrence of FRET under cryogenic conditions is more efficient. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Ullrich, Bruno; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Das, Anirban; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Renfrew Hall, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dass, Chandriker K.; Hendrickson, Joshua R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dass, Chandriker K.] Wyle Labs, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joanna.wang.ctr@us.af.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 54 BP 48651 EP 48660 DI 10.1039/c6ra03632e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DN7LJ UT WOS:000377257000051 ER PT S AU Chung, K Kamhoua, CA Kwiat, KA Kalbarczyk, ZT Iyer, RK AF Chung, Keywhan Kamhoua, Charles A. Kwiat, Kevin A. Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew T. Iyer, Ravishankar K. BE Babiceanu, R Waeselynck, H Paul, RA Cukic, B Xu, J TI Game Theory with Learning for Cyber Security Monitoring SO 2016 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (HASE) SE IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) CY JAN 07-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, IEEE Comp Soc Tech CommDistributed Proc, Cybersecur & Assured Syst Engn AB Recent attacks show that threats to cyber infrastructure are not only increasing in volume, but are getting more sophisticated. The attacks may comprise multiple actions that are hard to differentiate from benign activity, and therefore common detection techniques have to deal with high false positive rates. Because of the imperfect performance of automated detection techniques, responses to such attacks are highly dependent on human-driven decision-making processes. While game theory has been applied to many problems that require rational decision making, we find limitation on applying such method on security games when the defender has limited information about the opponent's strategies and payoffs. In this work, we propose Q-Learning to react automatically to the adversarial behavior of a suspicious user to secure the system. This work compares variations of Q-Learning with a traditional stochastic game. Simulation results show the possibility of Naive Q-Learning, despite restricted information on opponents. C1 [Chung, Keywhan; Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew T.; Iyer, Ravishankar K.] Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, 1101 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kamhoua, Charles A.; Kwiat, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Chung, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, 1101 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kchung10@illinois.edu; charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil; kalbarcz@illinois.edu; rkiyer@illinois.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-1-4673-9912-8 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2016 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1109/HASE.2016.48 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BE8WG UT WOS:000377098300001 ER PT S AU Cheng, Q Kwiat, K Kamhoua, CA AF Cheng, Qi Kwiat, Kevin Kamhoua, Charles A. BE Babiceanu, R Waeselynck, H Paul, RA Cukic, B Xu, J TI Design Diversity for Mitigating Monoculture Induced Threats SO 2016 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (HASE) SE IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) CY JAN 07-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, IEEE Comp Soc Tech CommDistributed Proc, Cybersecur & Assured Syst Engn DE monoculture; design diversity; binary decision diagram; mixed integer linear programming AB Monoculture induced threats such as "pass the hash" attacks can spread more easily through a system of similar components. Introducing a few different and more robust components in the system has the potential to mitigate such situations. In this paper, we propose a constrained resource allocation optimization framework exploring the binary decision diagram (BDD) and mixed integer linear programming techniques. An illustrative example is provided. C1 [Cheng, Qi] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin; Kamhoua, Charles A.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Cheng, Q (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM qi.cheng@okstate.edu; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil; charles.kamhoua@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-1-4673-9912-8 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2016 BP 17 EP 18 DI 10.1109/HASE.2016.37 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BE8WG UT WOS:000377098300003 ER PT S AU Gross, KH Fifarek, AW Hoffman, JA AF Gross, Kerianne H. Fifarek, Aaron W. Hoffman, Jonathan A. BE Babiceanu, R Waeselynck, H Paul, RA Cukic, B Xu, J TI Incremental Formal Methods Based Design Approach Demonstrated on a Coupled Tanks Control System SO 2016 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (HASE) SE IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) CY JAN 07-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, IEEE Comp Soc Tech CommDistributed Proc, Cybersecur & Assured Syst Engn AB Exhaustive test of complex and autonomous software systems is intractable and cost prohibitive; however incorporating formal methods analysis throughout the system design process could provide a means to identify faults as they are introduced and drastically reduce the overall system development cost. In this research, formal methods, such as model checking and limited theorem proving, are applied to the requirements, architecture, and model development phases of the design process of a coupled tanks control system. C1 [Gross, Kerianne H.; Hoffman, Jonathan A.] Air Force Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fifarek, Aaron W.] LinQuest Corp, 2601 Commons Blvd,Ste 100, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Gross, KH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kerianne.gross@us.af.mil; aaron.fifarek@linquest.com; jonathan.hoffman.2@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-1-4673-9912-8 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2016 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1109/HASE.2016.16 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BE8WG UT WOS:000377098300026 ER PT S AU Regisford, SJS Hulbert, BK Fifarek, AW AF Regisford, Sean J. S. Hulbert, Brian K. Fifarek, Aaron W. BE Babiceanu, R Waeselynck, H Paul, RA Cukic, B Xu, J TI Compositional Architecture Design for Fuel Tank Thermal Systems SO 2016 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (HASE) SE IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) CY JAN 07-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, IEEE Comp Soc Tech CommDistributed Proc, Cybersecur & Assured Syst Engn AB As the foundations of the 6 th generation aircraft are being established, they are being designed to provide more capabilities under architectural constraints that may lead to thermal and power limitations. As the complexity grows, the traditional systems engineering methods of verification and validation (V&V) have shown deficiencies that result in cost overruns for aircraft development. In order to mitigate these V&V challenges, the Air Force Research Laboratory Verification and Validation of Complex and Autonomous Systems (VVCAS) Team has lever-aged its domain expertise and input from industry, academia, and other government agencies to generate a process to more effectively design, develop, and certify complex systems. This paper demonstrates the VVCAS process by using the assume-guarantee construct on subcomponents to aid in their verification. The subcomponents are then composed into two fuel thermal system architectures. Finally, these architectures are then shown to be provably correct using the Assume Guarantee REasoning Environment (AGREE) at the architectural level in the design phase. C1 [Regisford, Sean J. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Autonomous Controls Branch, 2210 Eighth St,Ste 21, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hulbert, Brian K.; Fifarek, Aaron W.] LinQuest Corp, 2601 Commons Blvd,Ste 100, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Regisford, SJS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Autonomous Controls Branch, 2210 Eighth St,Ste 21, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-1-4673-9912-8 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2016 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1109/HASE.2016.25 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BE8WG UT WOS:000377098300029 ER PT J AU Cleaver, TA Gutman, AJ Martin, CL Reeder, MF Hill, RR AF Cleaver, Timothy A. Gutman, Alex J. Martin, Christopher L. Reeder, Mark F. Hill, Raymond R. TI Using design of experiments methods for applied computational fluid dynamics: A case study SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; experimental design; Gaussian process; Latin hypercube; one-factor-at-a-time; space-filling design ID EFFICIENT AB This article presents an application of design of experiments (DOE) in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment to study forces and moments acting on a missile through various speeds and angles of attack. Researchers employed a four-factor Latin hypercube space-filling design and the Gaussian Process to build a surrogate model of the CFD environment. The surrogate model was used to characterize missile aerodynamic coefficients across the transonic flight regime. The DOE process completed the task with less computational resources than a traditional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. To validate the surrogate model, specific OFAT angle of attack sweeps were performed. This provided a direct comparison between the Gaussian Process model and OFAT analysis. In most cases, the surrogate computer model was able to accurately capture the nonlinear response variables. Moreover, the surrogate model enabled a dynamic prediction tool that could investigate untested scenarios, a capability not available with OFAT. The DOE process consequently received support from engineers who do not typically use DOE. C1 [Cleaver, Timothy A.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerodynam Validat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gutman, Alex J.] Procter & Gamble Co, Mason, OH USA. [Martin, Christopher L.; Reeder, Mark F.; Hill, Raymond R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way,Bld 641 Suite 201, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.hill@afit.edu FU Office of the Secretary of Defense, Directorate of Operational Test and Evaluation (OSD DOTE); Test Resource Management Center (TRMC) under the Science of Test research program; OSD DOTE; TRMC FX This research was supported by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Directorate of Operational Test and Evaluation (OSD DOT&E) and the Test Resource Management Center (TRMC) under the Science of Test research program. Special thanks to both Dr. Catherine Warner, OSD DOT&E, and Mr. George Rumford, TRMC, for sponsoring the research program. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2016 VL 28 IS 3 BP 280 EP 292 DI 10.1080/08982112.2015.1101645 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA DN3WW UT WOS:000376995800004 ER PT J AU Messler, EC Emery, NN AF Messler, Erick C. Emery, Noah N. TI Parent-student communication regarding alcohol use: an examination of tacit approval SO JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE LA English DT Article DE Alcohol use; parental approval of drinking; predictive validity; tacit approval ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; INJUNCTIVE NORMS; HEAVY-DRINKING; CONSEQUENCES QUESTIONNAIRE; PEER INFLUENCES; INTERVENTION; INVOLVEMENT; CONSUMPTION; BEHAVIORS; OUTCOMES AB Background: First-year college students appear to be at particular risk for experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. This risk has fostered a need to identify malleable factors associated with first-year student alcohol consumption. Studies have shown significant positive associations between perceived parental approval of drinking and alcohol use and associated consequences. However, researchers have not yet identified the exact mechanism responsible for this relationship. Objectives: This study examined a potential vehicle by which parents may communicate approval of drinking to their college aged children. Specifically, we tested if less parent communication about alcohol use would be perceived as tacit approval on the part of first-year college students. Methods: Two hundred seventy-nine first-year undergraduate students age 18-20 answered online surveys of perceived parental approval of drinking, negative alcohol-related consequences, perceived parental knowledge, and parent-student communication regarding alcohol use. Results: Contrary to hypothesis, our findings indicate the amount of parent-student communication regarding alcohol use did not predict perceived parental approval of drinking in first-year students, after controlling for the influence of gender, perceived parental knowledge, and negative consequences of alcohol use. Conclusions: Results suggest that first-year college students may not interpret less parent-student communication regarding alcohol as tacit approval of drinking. C1 [Messler, Erick C.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Emery, Noah N.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Psychol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. RP Messler, EC (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM messler.erick@gmail.com NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1465-9891 EI 1475-9942 J9 J SUBST USE JI J. Subst. Use PY 2016 VL 21 IS 4 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.3109/14659891.2015.1042082 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA DM6AB UT WOS:000376430900017 ER PT J AU Boyd, ID Josyula, E AF Boyd, Iain D. Josyula, Eswar TI Resolution of the vibrational energy distribution function using a direct simulation Monte Carlo-master equation approach SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVES; RELAXATION; DISSOCIATION AB The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is the primary numerical technique for analysis of rarefied gas flows. While recent progress in computational chemistry is beginning to provide vibrationally resolved transition and reaction cross sections that can be employed in DSMC calculations, the particle nature of the standard DSMC method makes it difficult to use this information in a statistically significant way. The current study introduces a new technique that makes it possible to resolve all of the vibrational energy levels by using a master equation approach along with temperature-dependent transition rates. The new method is compared to the standard DSMC technique for several heat bath and shock wave conditions and demonstrates the ability to resolve the full vibrational manifold at the expected overall rates of relaxation. The ability of the new master equation approach to the DSMC method for resolving, in particular, the high-energy states addresses a well-known, long-standing deficiency of the standard DSMC method. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Josyula, Eswar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boyd, ID (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM iainboyd@umich.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Thanks to Prakash Vedula for his help in development of the master equation solvers. The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 AR 016102 DI 10.1063/1.4939517 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA DK0ID UT WOS:000374595500053 ER PT J AU Roff, H AF Roff, Heather TI To ban or to regulate autonomous weapons A US response SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Article DE Artificial intelligence; autonomous weapons; civilians; civilian safety; combatants; dual-use technologies; European Convention on Human Rights; Gorgon Stare; international humanitarian law; international human rights law C1 [Roff, Heather] Arizona State Univ, Global Secur Initiat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Roff, Heather] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Roff, Heather] US Air Force Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Roff, H (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Global Secur Initiat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.; Roff, H (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.; Roff, H (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM HRoff@asu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0096-3402 EI 1938-3282 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PY 2016 VL 72 IS 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145920 PG 3 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA DL8GU UT WOS:000375880000012 ER PT J AU Lee, J Varshney, V Park, J Farmer, BL Roy, AK AF Lee, Jonghoon Varshney, Vikas Park, Jeongho Farmer, Barry L. Roy, Ajit K. TI In silico carbon molecular beam epitaxial growth of graphene on the h-BN substrate: carbon source effect on van der Waals epitaxy SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SIMULATIONS; FIELD AB Against the presumption that hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN) should provide an ideal substrate for van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy to grow high quality graphene films, carbon molecular beam epitaxy (CMBE) techniques using solid carbon sublimation have reported relatively poor quality of the graphene. In this article, the CMBE growth of graphene on the h-BN substrate is numerically studied in order to identify the effect of the carbon source on the quality of the graphene film. The carbon molecular beam generated by the sublimation of solid carbon source materials such as graphite and glassy carbon is mostly composed of atomic carbon, carbon dimers and carbon trimers. Therefore, the graphene film growth becomes a complex process involving various deposition characteristics of a multitude of carbon entities. Based on the study of surface adsorption and film growth characteristics of these three major carbon entities comprising graphite vapour, we report that carbon trimers convey strong traits of vdW epitaxy prone to high quality graphene growth, while atomic carbon deposition is a surface-reaction limited process accompanied by strong chemisorption. The vdW epitaxial behaviour of carbon trimers is found to be substantial enough to nucleate and develop into graphene like planar films within a nanosecond of high flux growth simulation, while reactive atomic carbons tend to impair the structural integrity of the crystalline h-BN substrate upon deposition to form an amorphous interface between the substrate and the growing carbon film. The content of reactive atomic carbons in the molecular beam is suspected to be the primary cause of low quality graphene reported in the literature. A possible optimization of the molecular beam composition towards the synthesis of better quality graphene films is suggested. C1 [Lee, Jonghoon; Varshney, Vikas; Park, Jeongho; Farmer, Barry L.; Roy, Ajit K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Jonghoon; Varshney, Vikas; Park, Jeongho] United Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Lee, J (reprint author), United Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM jonghoon.lee.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors are grateful to the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for the financial support (PM-Dr Ken Goretta) and the Department of Defense Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC) for computational resources. Fruitful discussions with Prof. Dr Thomas Heine and Dr William C. Mitchel are deeply appreciated. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 18 BP 9704 EP 9713 DI 10.1039/c6nr01396a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DL7DJ UT WOS:000375799900030 PM 27108606 ER PT J AU Kumar, LSS Wang, X Hagen, J Naik, R Papautsky, I Heikenfeld, J AF Kumar, L. S. Selva Wang, Xiao Hagen, Joshua Naik, Rajesh Papautsky, Ian Heikenfeld, Jason TI Label free nano-aptasensor for interleukin-6 in protein-dilute bio fluids such as sweat SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NANOPARTICLES; BIOSENSORS; LIGANDS; CANCER AB A sub-pM limit of detection label-free sensor is presented for interleukin-6 based on impedimetric measurement of a gold nanoparticle/aptamer-modified electrode in artificial sweat. C1 [Kumar, L. S. Selva; Wang, Xiao; Papautsky, Ian; Heikenfeld, Jason] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hagen, Joshua; Naik, Rajesh] Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heikenfeld, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM heikenjc@ucmail.uc.edu RI bagheri, amir/C-3274-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory; NSF [1347725]; AFRL ORISE; NBMC [14-008053-B00] FX This work was supported by funds provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory. The Cincinnati authors would like to acknowledge support from an NSF (Eager Grant # 1347725), AFRL ORISE, and (NBMC grant # 14-008053-B00) for this work. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 17 BP 3440 EP 3444 DI 10.1039/c6ay00331a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DL2EL UT WOS:000375446000003 ER PT J AU Wooten, DC Starr, CR Lyon, WJ AF Wooten, Dennis C. Starr, Clarise R. Lyon, Wanda J. TI A plasmid containing the human metallothionein II gene can function as an antibody-assisted electrophoretic biosensor for heavy metals SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anti-DNA; anti-MTF-1; metal; metallothionein; MRE; MTF-1; plasmid; xenobiotic ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MTF-1; DNA-BINDING; ZINC; ELEMENT; PROTEIN; AUTOIMMUNITY; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES AB Different forms of heavy metals affect biochemical systems in characteristic ways that cannot be detected with typical metal analysis methods like atomic absorption spectrometry. Further, using living systems to analyze interaction of heavy metals with biochemical systems can be laborious and unreliable. To generate a reliable easy-to-use biologically-based biosensor system, the entire human metallothionein-II (MT-II) gene was incorporated into a plasmid (pUC57-MT) easily replicated in Escherichia coli. In this system, a commercial polyclonal antibody raised against human metal-responsive transcription factor-1 protein (MTF-1 protein) could modify the electrophoretic migration patterns (i. e. cause specific decreases in agarose gel electrophoretic mobility) of the plasmid in the presence or absence of heavy metals other than zinc (Zn). In the study here, heavy metals, MTF-1 protein, and polyclonal anti-MTF-1 antibody were used to assess pUC57-MT plasmid antibody-assisted electrophoretic mobility. Anti-MTF-1 antibody bound both MTF-1 protein and pUC57-MT plasmid in a non-competitive fashion such that it could be used to differentiate specific heavy metal binding. The results showed that antibody-inhibited plasmid migration was heavy metal level-dependent. Zinc caused a unique mobility shift pattern opposite to that of other metals tested, i. e. Zn blocked the antibody ability to inhibit plasmid migration, despite a greatly increased affinity for DNA by the antibody when Zn was present. The Zn effect was reversed/modified by adding MTF-1 protein. Additionally, antibody inhibition of plasmid mobility was resistant to heat pre-treatment and trypsinization, indicating absence of residual DNA extraction-resistant bacterial DNA binding proteins. DNA binding by anti-DNA antibodies may be commonly enhanced by xenobiotic heavy metals and elevated levels of Zn, thus making them potentially effective tools for assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in aqueous solutions and fluid obtained from metal implant sites. C1 [Wooten, Dennis C.; Starr, Clarise R.; Lyon, Wanda J.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Adv Technol & Genet Ctr, 2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wooten, DC (reprint author), US Air Force, USAFSAM FHT, Sch Aerosp Med, Adv Technol & Genet Ctr, 2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.wooten@us.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1547-691X EI 1547-6901 J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2014.999295 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA DK4JB UT WOS:000374882900007 PM 25594566 ER PT J AU Khandelwal, H Debije, MG White, TJ Schenning, APHJ AF Khandelwal, Hitesh Debije, Michael G. White, Timothy J. Schenning, Albertus P. H. J. TI Electrically tunable infrared reflector with adjustable bandwidth broadening up to 1100 nm SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; SELECTIVE REFLECTION; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; LIGHT-REFLECTION; SOLAR-ENERGY; BAND; COMPOSITES; BUILDINGS; WINDOWS; SYSTEMS AB A tunable infrared reflector has been fabricated using polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals containing a negative dielectric, anisotropic liquid crystal and a long and flexible ethylene glycol twin crosslinker. The reflection bandwidth of this prototype smart window can be tuned from 120 nm to an unprecedented 1100 nm in the infrared region upon application of only a small DC electric field, without interfering with the incident visible solar light. Bandwidth broadening was induced using very low operational power with acceptable switching speeds but only takes place in cells with particular gap thicknesses. Calculations reveal that between 8% and 45% of incident solar infrared light can be reflected with a single cell. The infrared reflector can potentially be used as a smart window to maintain the indoor temperature throughout the year, thereby reducing reliance on artificial lighting, heating and cooling, resulting in more than 12% reduction of building operation costs. C1 [Khandelwal, Hitesh; Debije, Michael G.; Schenning, Albertus P. H. J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Funct Organ Mat & Devices, Dolech 2, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Khandelwal, Hitesh] Dutch Polymer Inst, POB 902, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands. [White, Timothy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schenning, Albertus P. H. J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, ICMS, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Debije, MG; Schenning, APHJ (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Funct Organ Mat & Devices, Dolech 2, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.; Schenning, APHJ (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, ICMS, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM m.g.debije@tue.nl; A.P.H.J.Schenning@tue.nl FU Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI) [764] FX This research forms part of the research program of the Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), project 764 and the Polyarch project. The authors thank ICMS Animation Studio for the preparation of Figure 2. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 16 BP 6064 EP 6069 DI 10.1039/c6ta01647b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA DK3BR UT WOS:000374790700038 ER PT J AU Islam, AE Kim, SS Rao, R Ngo, Y Jiang, J Nikolaev, P Naik, R Pachter, R Boeckl, J Maruyama, B AF Islam, Ahmad E. Kim, Steve S. Rao, Rahul Ngo, Yen Jiang, Jie Nikolaev, Pavel Naik, Rajesh Pachter, Ruth Boeckl, John Maruyama, Benji TI Photo-thermal oxidation of single layer graphene SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-DOPED GRAPHENE; CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; COVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAPHITE OXIDE; QUANTUM DOTS; OXYGEN; DEFECTS; SCATTERING AB Controlled oxidation of graphene is important for electronic and sensing applications as it offers routes for hole doping and metal-insulator transition. Current methods of oxidation, however, disrupt the graphene lattice and yield pores having diameter > 20 nm for any oxidizing species. In this work, a method for photothermal oxidation of graphene is presented for the first time that suggests absence of pores in the graphene layer during atomic force microscopy. The mechanism of oxidation is studied on CVD (chemical vapor deposition)-grown graphene using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Analysis of the temporal evolution of Raman spectra in different oxidizing environments enabled extraction of the reaction energy of oxidation - providing fundamental insight into the oxidation process. Additionally, atomic force microscopy revealed clear phase contrast between the oxidized and un-oxidized domains which were randomly distributed across the graphene layer. This work will enable engineering of oxygen-related defects in graphene for electronic and sensing applications. C1 [Islam, Ahmad E.; Kim, Steve S.; Rao, Rahul; Ngo, Yen; Jiang, Jie; Nikolaev, Pavel; Pachter, Ruth; Boeckl, John; Maruyama, Benji] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, Ahmad E.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kim, Steve S.; Rao, Rahul; Ngo, Yen; Nikolaev, Pavel] UES Inc, Biol & Nanoscale Technol, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Naik, Rajesh] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Islam, AE; Maruyama, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA.; Islam, AE (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM aeislam@ieee.org; benji.maruyama@us.af.mil FU National Research Council [FA9550-12-D-0001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002MR12P/14RX03COR] FX Financial support from National Research Council (Contract Number: FA9550-12-D-0001) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager: Dr Charles Lee; Task Number: 3002MR12P/14RX03COR) are acknowledged for preparation of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 48 BP 42545 EP 42553 DI 10.1039/c6ra05399h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DL2EH UT WOS:000375445500098 ER PT J AU Turner, MG Roberts, RA Rumpfkeil, MP Vankuren, JT Bons, J Smith, TB Ausserer, JK Litke, PJ AF Turner, Mark G. Roberts, Rory A. Rumpfkeil, Markus P. Vankuren, James T. Bons, Jeffrey Smith, Timothy B. Ausserer, Joseph K. Litke, Paul J. TI Thrust Vectoring Design Project at Six Universities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE project-based learning; engineering education; aerospace; propulsion outreach program AB A design and build project for undergraduate students has been established by the US Air Force Research Laboratory as part of an aerospace outreach program. In the 2011-2012 academic year, undergraduate students from six universities participated in designing and testing a thrust vectoring system for a small (20 pound-thrust) turbojet engine. A description of the student designs and the project parameters is provided in this article. Student and professor exit surveys were taken with almost all participants contributing to these surveys. Based on the survey results and the professors' insights, learning outcomes and student impact were assessed. In addition, lessons learned during the project-based learning activity are described in this paper. The project proved to be extremely successful, and professors and students in engineering can learn from the different approaches taken by the six different teams and the project itself. Industry will be interested in the depth and breadth of the undergraduate project that is implemented to educate the future engineering workforce. C1 [Turner, Mark G.] Univ Cincinnati, POB 210070, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Roberts, Rory A.] Wright State Univ, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Rumpfkeil, Markus P.] Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Vankuren, James T.] Miami Univ, 56 Garland Hall,650 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Bons, Jeffrey] Ohio State Univ, 2300 West Case Rd Ave, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Smith, Timothy B.] Univ Michigan, 3041 FXB Bldg,1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ausserer, Joseph K.; Litke, Paul J.] Air Force Res Lab, 2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Roberts, RA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM mark.turner@uc.edu; rory.roberts@wright.edu; markus.rumpfkeil@udayton.edu; vankurjt@miamioh.edu; bons.2@osu.edu; timsmith@umich.edu; joseph.ausserer.2@us.af.mil; paul.litke.3@us.af.mil FU UTC FX We would like to acknowledge the Aerospace Systems Directorate, Turbine Engine Division and the people who made this student-centered and project based learning experience possible, especially Jacob Baranski, David Burris, and Timothy Erdmann. They also generously offered their Small Engine Research Laboratory for the testing. We would also like to thank all our students who made all the design projects a success through their hard work over the course of the academic year. In addition, UTC administered the funding for the project, and their involvement is appreciated. Miami University would like to acknowledge the help of the other faculty advisor who is not an author, Andrew Sommers. UD would like to thank Joseph Gedert, Nick Grannan, Mike Green, Andrew Murray, Joe Rosenkranz, the Wright Brothers Airport, and Dave Myszka. The UC team would like to thank AIM MRO and US Microjet LLC for their help in making parts and testing. The article has been approved for public release, Case Number 88ABW-2015-2957. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 252 EP 271 PN A PG 20 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA DJ5GG UT WOS:000374234200023 ER PT J AU Ruane, WT Johansen, KM Leedy, KD Look, DC von Wenckstern, H Grundmann, M Farlow, GC Brillson, LJ AF Ruane, W. T. Johansen, K. M. Leedy, K. D. Look, D. C. von Wenckstern, H. Grundmann, M. Farlow, G. C. Brillson, L. J. TI Defect segregation and optical emission in ZnO nano- and microwires SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; NANOSTRUCTURES; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; NANOWIRES; LUMINESCENCE; DEVICES AB The spatial distribution of defect related deep band emission has been studied in zinc oxide (ZnO) nano- and microwires using depth resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS) in a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) mode within a UHV scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three sets of wires were examined that had been grown by pulsed laser deposition or vapor transport methods and ranged in diameter from 200 nm-2.7 mu m. This data was analyzed by developing a 3D DRCLS simulation and using it to estimate the segregation depth and decay profile of the near surface defects. We observed different dominant defects from each growth process as well as diameter-dependent defect segregation behavior. C1 [Ruane, W. T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johansen, K. M.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Mat Sci & Nanotechnol, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Leedy, K. D.; Look, D. C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [von Wenckstern, H.; Grundmann, M.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Expt Phys 2, Linnestr 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Farlow, G. C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ruane, WT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ruane.3@osu.edu RI Grundmann, Marius/D-4229-2012 OI Grundmann, Marius/0000-0001-7554-182X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1305193]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Gr 1011/26-1]; Norwegian Research council [221992] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge National Science Foundation, Grant No. DMR-1305193 (Charles Ying and Haiyan Wang), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Gr 1011/26-1), and the Norwegian Research council (DYNAZOx, Project no. 221992), for support of this work. We would also like to thank Paul Edwards for his help setting up our DRCLS HSI capability. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 14 BP 7631 EP 7637 DI 10.1039/c5nr08248j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DI8AB UT WOS:000373722000033 PM 26987850 ER PT J AU Godman, NP Balaich, GJ Iacono, ST AF Godman, Nicholas P. Balaich, Gary J. Iacono, Scott T. TI First preparation of low band gap fulvene-modified polynorbornene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PI-STACKED POLYMER; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; CROSS METATHESIS; RUTHENIUM; CATALYST; MODEL; POLY(NORBORNENE)S; POLYTHIOPHENE; POLYPYRROLE AB New polymers containing intact pendant-fulvene moieties have been successfully prepared from 1,3-phenyl-6-norbornenylfulvene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The prepared polyfulvenes have unique electrochemical and photophysical properties which make them interesting candidates for light harvesting materials. C1 [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) - Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [HDTRA13964]; National Research Council (NRC) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) - Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR No. HDTRA13964). Dr Godman was supported through the National Research Council (NRC) Post-Doctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 30 BP 5242 EP 5245 DI 10.1039/c6cc00897f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DI7NJ UT WOS:000373687400005 PM 26980553 ER PT J AU Henry, KS Fonte, B Hunter, H LaPrade, K AF Henry, Karen S. Fonte, Benjamin Hunter, Heidi LaPrade, Kyle TI The Influence on Soil Classification of Processing Soil With a Coffee Grinder SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE soil classification; particle size distribution; atterberg limits; coffee grinder; mortar and pestle AB The rapid soils analysis kit uses a coffee grinder to break apart aggregated soil particles in fine-grained soils. This leads to the question of potential particle cutting or breaking due to the grinder. Hence, we performed a laboratory investigation to determine if the use of a coffee grinder to break apart aggregated soil particles produces fines from cutting or breaking sand-size and smaller particles and whether the production of more fines sometimes changes the USCS classification by some combination of adding soil fines and altering the Atterberg limits. Processing Ottawa Sand for 90 s in a coffee grinder established that the coffee grinder breaks down sand particles into fines. A silty sand (SM) sand was tested in the same way and the fines content increased significantly. Several tests were performed on fine-grained soils, and no significant increase in fines due to processing in the coffee grinder was noted. The Atterberg limits of all soils tested changed little due to processing with the grinder. In particular, the plastic limit was not changed by more than 2 (% water content). Several recommendations were made for potential future investigations. C1 [Henry, Karen S.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fonte, Benjamin] Minot Air Force Base, Civil Engn Squadron 5, Minot, ND 58704 USA. [Hunter, Heidi] US Air Force, PSC 4 Box 203, APO, AP 96213 USA. [LaPrade, Kyle] Columbus Air Force Base, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. RP Henry, KS (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.; Fonte, B (reprint author), Minot Air Force Base, Civil Engn Squadron 5, Minot, ND 58704 USA.; Hunter, H (reprint author), US Air Force, PSC 4 Box 203, APO, AP 96213 USA.; LaPrade, K (reprint author), Columbus Air Force Base, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. EM Karen.henry@usafa.edu; Benjamin.Fonte.1@us.af.mil; Heidi.Hunter@us.af.mil; Kyle.LaPrade.1@us.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 EI 1945-7545 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1520/GTJ20150011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA DJ1NT UT WOS:000373970800014 ER PT J AU Fowler, MW AF Fowler, Michael W. TI The Air Force's Predictive Battlespace Awareness: The Siren Song of Ender's Game SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Fowler, Michael W.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Mil & Strateg Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fowler, Michael W.] US Africa Command, Collect Strategies & Assessments, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Fowler, MW (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Mil & Strateg Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0885-0607 EI 1521-0561 J9 INT J INTELL COUNTER JI Int. J. Intell. Counterintelligence PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1080/08850607.2015.1083336 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DH1GZ UT WOS:000372533700005 ER PT J AU Brissett, W AF Brissett, Wilson TI Sympathetic Puritans: Calvinist Fellow-Feeling in Early New England SO EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Brissett, Wilson] US Air Force Acad, English, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Brissett, W (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, English, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0012-8163 EI 1534-147X J9 EARLY AM LITERATURE JI Early Am. Lit. PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA DH4OC UT WOS:000372764300016 ER PT J AU Ricciardi, AP Canfield, RA Patil, MJ Lindsley, N AF Ricciardi, Anthony P. Canfield, Robert A. Patil, Mayuresh J. Lindsley, Ned TI Nonlinear Aeroelastic Scaled-Model Design SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB A systematic approach for aeroelastic scaled-model design is developed. The method optimizes an incremental number of vibration eigenpairs, buckling eigenpairs, and optionally a linear static response of scaled models to match the scaled values of a target full-scale aircraft. A method for matching scaled modal mass, a required scaling parameter, is developed. The sources of local optima are identified and a tiered global-search-optimization procedure is incorporated. The approach is demonstrated on a joined-wing scaled-model-design problem. Costly nonlinear analysis is omitted from the evaluation of the objective function and constraints for optimization. The results produced scaled models that closely replicate the geometrically nonlinear target aeroelastic behavior. C1 [Ricciardi, Anthony P.; Canfield, Robert A.; Patil, Mayuresh J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Randolph Hall,Room 215,460 Old Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lindsley, Ned] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ricciardi, AP; Canfield, RA; Patil, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Randolph Hall,Room 215,460 Old Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.; Lindsley, N (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pasquale@vt.edu; bob.canfield@vt.edu; mpatil@vt.edu; ned.lindsley@wpafb.af.mil RI Patil, Mayuresh/E-4644-2013 OI Patil, Mayuresh/0000-0001-9601-2249 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-2-3938] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-09-2-3938. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.2514/1.C033171 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DH5BF UT WOS:000372799300002 ER PT J AU Gabbard, MD Lindsley, NJ Kunz, DL AF Gabbard, Mark D. Lindsley, Ned J. Kunz, Donald L. TI Modeling the Effects of Underwing Missile Canards on F-16 Limit Cycle Oscillations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FIGHTER AB This research evaluated various methods using ZONA's Euler Unsteady Aerodynamic Solver against flight tests previously flown at USAF Test Pilot School, using underwing air-to-air missiles with removable canards, which allows the aerodynamics of the store configuration to be changed while maintaining identical mass properties. ZONA's Euler Unsteady Aerodynamic Solver was employed with various linear flutter and nonlinear time-domain analyses. ZONA's Euler Unsteady Aerodynamic Solver correctly predicted that removing the canards would delay limit cycle oscillation onset. However, all of the methods generally predicted onset earlier than flight test. Consistent with the results found by previous researchers, the nonlinear simulation still predicted divergent classical flutter rather than limit cycle oscillation until nonlinear structural damping was added and tuned to produce limit cycle oscillation. Without known structural damping characteristics, the nonlinear structural damping model needed to be arbitrarily tuned to match flight-test data. This research demonstrated a different tuning method from that had been used by previous researchers. Nonlinear structural damping plays an important role in limit cycle oscillation, but a better understanding of the actual nonlinear aerodynamic and structural effects is needed before reliable limit cycle oscillation predictions can be made for all configurations and throughout the flight envelope. C1 [Gabbard, Mark D.; Lindsley, Ned J.] US Air Force Res Lab, RQVC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kunz, Donald L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gabbard, MD (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, RQVC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Rosewood Drive, Danvers [1533-3868/15] FX Copies of this paper may be made for personal or internal use, on condition that the copier pay the $10.00 per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923; include the code 1533-3868/15 and $10.00 in correspondence with the CCC. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 202 EP 216 DI 10.2514/1.C033301 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DH5BF UT WOS:000372799300016 ER PT J AU Yu, K Li, H McClung, AJW Tandon, GP Baur, JW Qi, HJ AF Yu, Kai Li, Hao McClung, Amber J. W. Tandon, Gyaneshwar P. Baur, Jeffery W. Qi, H. Jerry TI Cyclic behaviors of amorphous shape memory polymers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VERIFLEX-E; NETWORKS; COMPOSITES; RELAXATION; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION AB Cyclic loading conditions are commonly encountered in the applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs), where the cyclic characteristics of the materials determine their performance during the service life, such as deformation resistance, shape recovery speed and shape recovery ratio. Recent studies indicate that in addition to the physical damage or some other irreversible softening effects, the viscoelastic nature could also be another possible reason for the degraded cyclic behavior of SMPs. In this paper, we explore in detail the influence of the viscoelastic properties on the cyclic tension and shape memory (SM) behavior of an epoxy based amorphous thermosetting polymer. Cyclic experiments were conducted first, which show that although the epoxy material does not have any visible damage or irreversible softening effect during deformation, it still exhibits obvious degradation in the cyclic tension and SM behaviors. A linear multi-branched model is utilized to assist in the prediction and understanding of the mechanical responses of amorphous SMPs. Parametric studies based on the applied model suggest that the shape memory performance can be improved by adjusting programming and recovery conditions, such as lowering the loading rate, increasing the programming temperature, and reducing the holding time. C1 [Yu, Kai; Li, Hao; Qi, H. Jerry] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Li, Hao] Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China. [McClung, Amber J. W.] St Marys Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Tandon, Gyaneshwar P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tandon, Gyaneshwar P.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Qi, HJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Baur, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffery.Baur@wpafb.af.mil; qih@me.gatech.edu RI Yu, Kai/A-1540-2015 FU AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0088]; NSF [EFRI-1435452]; AFRL summer faculty fellowship program [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX KY and HJQ gratefully acknowledge the support of an AFOSR grant (FA9550-13-1-0088; Dr B.-L. "Les" Lee, Program Manager), and the NSF awards (EFRI-1435452). HJQ acknowledges the support through the AFRL summer faculty fellowship program (contract FA8650-07-D-5800). NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 13 BP 3234 EP 3245 DI 10.1039/c5sm02781k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DH4ZS UT WOS:000372795100013 PM 26924339 ER PT J AU DelRaso, NJ Harville, DL Chamberlain, ML Anderson, PE Sibomana, I Raymer, ML Reo, NV AF DelRaso, Nicholas J. Harville, Donald L. Chamberlain, Mari L. Anderson, Paul E. Sibomana, Isaie Raymer, Michael L. Reo, Nicholas V. TI Urinary Metabolite Profiles May be Predictive of Cognitive Performance Under Conditions of Acute Sleep Deprivation SO CURRENT METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; cognition; sleep-deprivation; NMR; metabolomics ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; FLIGHT OPERATIONS; DOSE-RESPONSE; TYROSINE; FATIGUE; NMR; METABONOMICS; SEROTONIN; RESTRICTION; WAKEFULNESS AB Background: Continuous and sustained actions in military and civilian operational environments typically lead to reduced sleep normally required to perform optimally. Because cognitive fatigue leading to defects in performance is an occupational hazard, there is a recognized need for real-time detection technologies that minimize cognitive fatigue-induced mishaps. Methods: Here, 23 individuals were subjected to 36 h of continuous wakefulness, and cognitive psychomotor vigilance and automated neuropsychological assessment metric tests were conducted over the last 24 h of wakefulness. Urine was collected prior to and during the cognitive testing period for metabolite analysis using proton NMR spectroscopy. Results: Multivariate statistical analysis showed that temporal changes in urinary metabolite profiles mirrored cognitive performance during continuous wakefulness. Additionally, subjects identified by cognitive assessments as having a high tolerance (n=6) or low tolerance (n=6) to sleep deprivation could be classified separately with statistical confidence (p<0.001) using urinary metabolite profiles. We identified 20 specific metabolites that could be used to classify cognitive fatigue tolerance at early (0 -12 h) and late (28 h) times during the 36-h sleep deprivation period. Many of these metabolites (11 of 20) appeared to be associated with energy metabolism or nutritional status. Analysis of subject food logs suggested that increases in dietary protein intake prior to sleep deprivation leads to improved cognitive performance. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that urinary metabolomics may be useful for identifying metabolite markers that can be incorporated into sensor platforms to screen for cognitive performance readiness, prior to scheduling tasks requiring a high level of cognitive function. C1 [DelRaso, Nicholas J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div,Mol Bioeffects Branch RHDJ, 711th Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Harville, Donald L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Div,Appl Neurosci Branch RHC, 711th Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chamberlain, Mari L.] US Air Force, Mat Command, 88th Diagnost & Therapeut Squadron 88 DTS, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, Paul E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Comp Sci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Sibomana, Isaie; Reo, Nicholas V.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Magnet Resonance Lab, Boonshoft Sch Med, NEC Bld, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Raymer, Michael L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP DelRaso, NJ (reprint author), 711 HPW RHDJ,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Reo, NV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM Nicholas.delraso@us.af.mil; nicholas.reo@wright.edu NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL PI BUSUM PA PO BOX 294, BUSUM, 1400 AG, NETHERLANDS SN 2213-235X EI 2213-2368 J9 CURR METABOL JI Curr. Metabol. PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.2174/2213235X04666151117211154 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DG8MQ UT WOS:000372338700009 ER PT J AU Lira, M Iyer, R Trindade, AA Howle, V AF Lira, Mark Iyer, Ram Trindade, A. Alexandre Howle, Victoria TI QR VERSUS CHOLESKY: A PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING LA English DT Article DE Least squares problems; QR decomposition; Choleksy decomposition; random matrix; statistics ID CONDITION NUMBERS; RANDOM MATRICES; HYSTERESIS; FACTORIZATIONS AB Least squares solutions of linear equations A x = b are very important for parameter estimation in engineering, applied mathematics, and statistics. There are several methods for their solution including QR decomposition, Cholesky decomposition, singular value decomposition (SVD), and Krylov subspace methods. The latter methods were developed for sparse A matrices that appear in the solution of partial differential equations. The QR (and its variant the RRQR) and the SVD methods are commonly used for dense A matrices that appear in engineering and statistics. Although the Cholesky decomposition is backward stable and known to have the least operational count, several authors recommend the use of QR in applications. In this article, we take a fresh look at least squares problems for dense A matrices with full column rank using numerical experiments guided by recent results from the theory of random matrices. Contrary to currently accepted belief, comparisons of the sensitivity of the Cholesky and QR solutions to random parameter perturbations for various low to moderate condition numbers show no significant difference to within machine precision. Experiments for matrices with artificially high condition numbers reveal that the relative difference in the two solutions is on average only of the order of 10(-6). Finally, Cholesky is found to be markedly computationally faster than QR - the mean computational time for QR is between two and four times greater than Cholesky, and the standard deviation in computation times using Cholesky is about a third of that of QR. Our conclusion in this article is that for systems with Ax = b where A has full column rank, if the condition numbers are low or moderate, then the normal equation method with Cholesky decomposition is preferable to QR. C1 [Lira, Mark] AFLCMC WLZWE, 3001 Staff Dr,2AI67A, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. [Iyer, Ram; Trindade, A. Alexandre; Howle, Victoria] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Lira, M (reprint author), AFLCMC WLZWE, 3001 Staff Dr,2AI67A, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA.; Iyer, R; Trindade, AA; Howle, V (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM mark.lira@us.af.mil; ram.iyer@ttu.edu; alex.trindade@ttu.edu; victoria.howle@ttu.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ISCI-INST SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING & INFORMATION PI EDMONTON PA PO BOX 60632, UNIV ALBERTA POSTAL OUTLET,, EDMONTON, ALBERTA T6G 2G1, CANADA SN 1705-5105 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MOD JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DH8DC UT WOS:000373022700007 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Chushak, Y Chavez, JL Hagen, JA Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Martin, Jennifer A. Chushak, Yaroslav Chavez, Jorge L. Hagen, Joshua A. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Microarrays as Model Biosensor Platforms to Investigate the Structure and Affinity of Aptamers SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEIC ACIDS LA English DT Article ID DNA APTAMER; SYSTEMATIC EVOLUTION; HUMAN THROMBIN; RNA APTAMERS; HUMAN IGE; SEQUENCE; LIGANDS; BIND; OPTIMIZATION; RECOGNITION AB Immobilization of nucleic acid aptamer recognition elements selected free in solution onto the surface of biosensor platforms has proven challenging. This study investigated the binding of multiple aptamer/target pairs immobilized on a commercially available microarray as a model system mimicking biosensor applications. The results indicate a minimum distance ( linker length) from the surface and thymine nucleobase linker provides reproducible binding across varying conditions. An indirect labeling method, where the target was labeled with a biotin followed by a brief Cy3-streptavidin incubation, provided a higher signal-to-noise ratio and over two orders of magnitude improvement in limit of detection, compared to direct Cy3-protein labeling. We also showed that the affinities of the aptamer/target interaction can change between direct and indirect labeling and conditions to optimize for the highest fluorescence intensity will increase the sensitivity of the assay but will not change the overall affinity. Additionally, some sequences which did not initially bind demonstrated binding when conditions were optimized. These results, in combination with studies demonstrating enhanced binding in nonselection buffers, provided insights into the structure and affinity of aptamers critical for biosensor applications and allowed for generalizations in starting conditions for researchers wishing to investigate aptamers on a microarray surface. C1 [Martin, Jennifer A.; Chushak, Yaroslav; Chavez, Jorge L.; Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, Jennifer A.; Chavez, Jorge L.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Chushak, Yaroslav] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nancy.kelley-loughnane.1@us.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-0201 EI 2090-021X J9 J NUCLEIC ACIDS JI J. Nucleic Acids PY 2016 AR 9718612 DI 10.1155/2016/9718612 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DG7YK UT WOS:000372299400001 ER PT J AU Alba, CR Greendyke, RB Lewis, SW Morgan, RG McIntyre, TJ AF Alba, Christopher R. Greendyke, Robert B. Lewis, Steven W. Morgan, Richard G. McIntyre, Timothy J. TI Numerical Modeling of Earth Reentry Flow with Surface Ablation SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-KINETIC PROBLEMS; FUTURE NASA MISSIONS; GRAPHITE ABLATION; SIMULATIONS; SUBLIMATION; NITRIDATION; OXIDATION; NITROGEN; ENTRIES AB Vehicles entering planetary atmospheres at high speed require an ablative heat shield to withstand the high thermal energy flux to the body. The interaction between the ablative products and the flowfield is not well characterized. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of carbon ablation on shock-layer radiation. Data collected from experiments performed in the X-2 expansion tunnel at the University of Queensland were used to compare to the simulations. The model was a short half-cylinder made of isomolded graphite and was tested in 8.6 km/s Earth entry flow. The graphite model was heated within a temperature range of 1770-2410 K over the course of the experimental campaign. The radiation emitted from the CN violet bands was measured by ultraviolet spectrometry in a spectral range from 353 to 391 nm. The simulations used the Park as well as Zhluktov and Abe finite-rate surface kinetic models for determining the chemical state of the ablating boundary layer. The Park model consistently overpredicted the radiative heat fluxes, but better comparison was achieved when a modified nitridation rate was used. The Zhluktov and Abe predictions displayed good agreement with the measured radiative heat fluxes at 1770 K but remained well below the measured values at the higher wall temperatures. The lack of a nitridation mechanism in the Zhluktov and Abe model is suggested as the reason for these underpredictions. C1 [Alba, Christopher R.; Greendyke, Robert B.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lewis, Steven W.] Univ Queensland, Sch Mech & Min Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Morgan, Richard G.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Hyperson, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [McIntyre, Timothy J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Alba, CR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Australian Research Council; University of Queensland FX This work was supported and sponsored by John Schmissuer from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors would like to thank Graham Candler from the University of Minnesota and Matthew MacLean of CUBRC Inc. for help with the implementation of the finite-rate ablation models, Ryan Gosse of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for guidance in setting up the CFD simulations, and Aaron Brandis of the NASA Ames Research Center for his assistance in using NEQAIR and for supplying the SRF. The experimental work would not have been possible without the support of the Australian Research Council and the University of Queensland coauthors. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the AFOSR or the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.2514/1.A33266 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DH0IZ UT WOS:000372469200008 ER PT S AU Adebisi, RA Sathish, S Pilchak, AL Shade, PA AF Adebisi, R. A. Sathish, S. Pilchak, A. L. Shade, P. A. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Elastic Constants of alpha Ti-7Al Measured Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID FATIGUE; DEFORMATION; MICROSCOPY; MODULI; ALLOY; HCP AB The five independent elastic constants of a single-phase (alpha, HCP crystal structure) titanium alloy, Ti-7Al, have been measured for the first time using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). RUS is a nondestructive evaluation method that measures the mechanical resonance of solids and uses the resonance frequencies to extract a complete set of elastic constants of the solid material. The elastic constants of titanium alloys vary substantially depending on manufacturing history and composition. In addition, available data on the elastic constants of titanium alloys is limited. The elastic constants data for Ti-7Al are presented in this paper and the results are compared to the available data for other titanium alloys that are similar in composition. C1 [Adebisi, R. A.; Sathish, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.; Shade, P. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adebisi, RA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Rasheed.Adebisi@udri.udayton.edu RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 070005 DI 10.1063/1.4940523 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800077 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Na, JK Freed, S AF Blackshire, James L. Na, Jeong K. Freed, Shaun BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Root-Cause Estimation of Ultrasonic Scattering Signatures within a Complex Textured Titanium SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID GRAIN-SCATTERING AB The nondestructive evaluation of polycrystalline materials has been an active area of research for many decades, and continues to be an area of growth in recent years. Titanium alloys in particular have become a critical material system used in modern turbine engine applications, where an evaluation of the local microstructure properties of engine disk/blade components is desired for performance and remaining life assessments. Current NDE methods are often limited to estimating ensemble material properties or detecting localized voids, inclusions, or damage features within a material. Recent advances in computational NDE and material science characterization methods are providing new and unprecedented access to heterogeneous material properties, which permits microstructure-sensing interactions to be studied in detail. In the present research, Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) methods and tools are being leveraged to gain a comprehensive understanding of root-cause ultrasonic scattering processes occurring within a textured titanium aerospace material. A combination of destructive, nondestructive, and computational methods are combined within the ICME framework to collect, holistically integrate, and study complex ultrasound scattering using realistic 2-dimensional representations of the microstructure properties. Progress towards validating the computational sensing methods are discussed, along with insight into the key scattering processes occurring within the bulk microstructure, and how they manifest in pulse-echo immersion ultrasound measurements. C1 [Blackshire, James L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Na, Jeong K.; Freed, Shaun] WYLE Labs, Beavercreek, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 070007 DI 10.1063/1.4940525 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800079 ER PT S AU Cherry, M Sathish, S Mooers, R Pilchak, A AF Cherry, Matt Sathish, Shamachary Mooers, Ryan Pilchak, Adam BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Progress in Model Development for Eddy Current Response in the Presence of Small Conductivity Changes SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID CURRENT NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITIES; COMPOSITES AB In this paper, an approximation technique for predicting the response of an eddy current coil in the presence of small changes in conductivity is discussed. The small changes in conductivity that are considered in this work are changes in the orientation of single crystals in polycrystalline, anisotropic materials. Data from electron backscatter imaging techniques is presented and used for the analysis. The models were run for the microstructure data and an approximation to the eddy current response is shown. This image is compared with images from actual eddy current probes and the approximations are shown to be relatively accurate compared with a previously presented model. C1 [Cherry, Matt; Mooers, Ryan; Pilchak, Adam] Air Force Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cherry, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.cherry.2@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 090019 DI 10.1063/1.4940556 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800110 ER PT S AU Criner, AK Schehl, N AF Criner, Amanda K. Schehl, Norman BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Analysis of Non-contact Acousto-Thermal Signature Data SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB The non-contact acousto-thermal signature (NCATS) is a nondestructive evaluation technique with potential to detect fatigue in materials such as noisy titanium and polymer matrix composites. The determination of underlying physical mechanisms and properties may be determined by parameter estimation via nonlinear regression. The nonlinear regression analysis formulation, including the underlying models, is discussed. Several models and associated data analyses are given along with the assumptions implicit in the underlying model. The results of these analyses are discussed. C1 [Criner, Amanda K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schehl, Norman] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Criner, AK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM amanda.criner.1@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 100006 DI 10.1063/1.4940566 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800120 ER PT S AU Dierken, J Criner, A Zicht, T AF Dierken, Josiah Criner, Amanda Zicht, Tyler BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Evaluation of Uncertainty in Handheld Terahertz Spectroscopy SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID REFLECTANCE AB Advances in terahertz spectroscopy have shown it to be an effective tool for the inspection of polymers and ceramics in laboratory environments. Furthermore, recent work has shown promise that terahertz reflectance spectroscopy may be effectively applied to surface characterization of CMCs and PMCs to investigate chemical changes resulting from thermal degradation. However, even under tightly controlled laboratory conditions, various sources of uncertainty such as surface variability, ambient atmospheric conditions, as well as measurement errors within the system will be present. The analysis of measurement uncertainty is further complicated by the fact that reflectance spectra are constituted by the nonlinear relationship between the dielectric spectra and the reflectance spectra, thereby making model calibration more difficult as compared to transmission and absorbance spectroscopy. As inspections transition from laboratory to field-level applications sources of uncertainty must be considered to properly assess the health of a material with any means of statistical significance. In this study, spectra from terahertz spectroscopy systems are investigated to assess the variation in measurement uncertainty. By characterizing the uncertainty variation, recommendations are proposed for improving inspection procedures in both laboratory and field-level NDE. C1 [Criner, Amanda] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dierken, Josiah] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Zicht, Tyler] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Criner, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Dierken, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.; Zicht, T (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM josiah.dierken.ctr@us.af.mil; amandacriner.1@us.af.mil; tyler.zicht.ctr@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 100001 DI 10.1063/1.4940561 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800115 ER PT S AU Freed, S Blackshire, JL Na, JK AF Freed, Shaun Blackshire, James L. Na, Jeong K. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Ultrasound Finite Element Simulation Sensitivity to Anisotropic Titanium Microstructures SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB Analytical wave models are inadequate to describe complex metallic microstructure interactions especially for near field anisotropic property effects and through geometric features smaller than the wavelength. In contrast, finite element ultrasound simulations inherently capture microstructure influences due to their reliance on material definitions rather than wave descriptions. To better understand and quantify heterogeneous crystal orientation effects to ultrasonic wave propagation, a finite element modeling case study has been performed with anisotropic titanium grain structures. A parameterized model has been developed utilizing anisotropic spheres within a bulk material. The resulting wave parameters are analyzed as functions of both wavelength and sphere to bulk crystal mismatch angle. C1 [Blackshire, James L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Freed, Shaun; Na, Jeong K.] Wyle Labs, Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Freed, S (reprint author), Wyle Labs, Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM shaun.freed@wyle.com; james.blackshire@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 070014 DI 10.1063/1.4940532 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800086 ER PT S AU Lindgren, EA AF Lindgren, Eric A. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI US Air Force Perspective on Validated NDE - Past, Present, and Future SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB The concept of inspection has accompanied aviation since the work of the Wright Brothers. Inspection for both initial quality/materials acceptance and readiness for flight have been coupled with US Air Force (USAF) since its inception as the US Army Signal Corps. Initial nondestructive evaluation work expanded beyond visual inspection to include radiography and magnetic particle in the 1920's and 1930's as air frames transitioned to metal and engines used higher strength steels. Within the USAF Research and Development community, a Nondestructive Test Section was stood up in 1952 and the Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (NDE) was established in 1974. In 2012 the name was changed to the Materials State Awareness Branch. This name change reflects the evolution from a primary focus on inspections for damage and defects in materials to the characterization of the underlying materials structure that governs properties of the materials of interest for Air Force applications. C1 [Lindgren, Eric A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat State Awareness Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindgren, EA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat State Awareness Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.lindgren@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 020002 DI 10.1063/1.4940448 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800002 ER PT S AU Lindgren, EA AF Lindgren, Eric A. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI SHM Reliability and Implementation - A Personal Military Aviation Perspective SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB Structural Health Monitoring has been proposed as a solution to address the needs of military aviation to reduce the time and cost to perform nondestructive inspections. While the potential to realize significant benefits exist, there are considerations that have to be addressed before such systems can be integrated into military platforms. Some considerations are pervasive to all aviation, such as how to assess the reliability and reproducible capability of these systems. However, there are other challenges unique to military aviation that must be overcome before these types of systems can be used. This presentation and paper are intended as a complement to the review of the outcome of the SAE G-11 SHM committee special workshop on SHM reliability in April of 2015. It will address challenges unique to military aviation that stem from different approaches to managing structural integrity (i.e. safety), frequency of use, design differences, various maintenance practices, and additional descriptions addressing differences in the execution of inspections. The objective of this presentation is to improve the awareness of the research and development community to the different and unique requirements found in military aviation, including the differences between countries, services, and aircraft type. This information should assist the research and development community in identifying and attacking key challenges. It is not intended to be comprehensive overview of all stakeholders' perspectives, but to serve as a launch point for additional discussion and exploration of opportunities to realize the potential of Structural Health Monitoring to assist in the management of military aviation assets. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. C1 [Lindgren, Eric A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat State Awareness Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindgren, EA (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat State Awareness Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.lindgren@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR UNSP 200001 DI 10.1063/1.4940645 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800199 ER PT S AU McMahan, JA Criner, AK AF McMahan, Jerry A. Criner, Amanda K. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Statistical Flaw Characterization Through Bayesian Shape Inversion from Scattered Wave Observations SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB A method is discussed to characterize the shape of a flaw from noisy far-field measurements of a scattered wave. The scattering model employed is a two-dimensional Helmholtz equation which quantifies scattering due to interrogating signals from various physical phenomena such as acoustics or electromagnetics. The well-known inherent ill-posedness of the inverse scattering problem is addressed via Bayesian regularization. The method is loosely related to the approach described in [1] which uses the framework of [2] to prove the well-posedness of the infinite-dimensional problem and derive estimates of the error for a particular discretization approach. The method computes the posterior probability density for the flaw shape from the scattered field observations, taking into account prior assumptions which are used to describe any a priori knowledge of the flaw. We describe the computational approach to the forward problem as well as the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based approach to approximating the posterior. We present simulation results for some hypothetical flaw shapes with varying levels of observation error and arrangement of observation points. The results show how the posterior probability density can be used to visualize the shape of the flaw taking into account the quantitative confidence in the quality of the estimation and how various arrangements of the measurements and interrogating signals affect the estimation C1 [Criner, Amanda K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McMahan, Jerry A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP McMahan, JA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jmcmahan1@udayton.edu; amanda.criner.1@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 130005 DI 10.1063/1.4940608 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800162 ER PT S AU Whitlow, T Jones, E Przybyla, C AF Whitlow, Travis Jones, Eric Przybyla, Craig BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Failure Prediction in Ceramic Composites Using Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID CRACKING AB The objective of the work performed here was to develop a methodology for linking in-situ detection of localized matrix cracking to the final failure location in continuous fiber reinforced CMCs. First, the initiation and growth of matrix cracking are measured and triangulated via acoustic emission (AE) detection. High amplitude events at relatively low static loads can be associated with initiation of large matrix cracks. When there is a localization of high amplitude events, a measurable effect on the strain field can be observed. Full field surface strain measurements were obtained using digital image correlation (DIC). An analysis using the combination of the AE and DIC data was able to predict the final failure location. C1 [Whitlow, Travis] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jones, Eric; Przybyla, Craig] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Whitlow, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.; Jones, E; Przybyla, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM travis.whitlow.ctr@us.af.mil; eric.jones.50@us.af.mil; craig.przybyla@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 020008 DI 10.1063/1.4940454 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800008 ER PT J AU Gee, KL Neilsen, TB Wall, AT Downing, JM James, MM McKinley, RL AF Gee, Kent L. Neilsen, Tracianne B. Wall, Alan T. Downing, J. Micah James, Michael M. McKinley, Richard L. TI Propagation of crackle-containing jet noise from high-performance engines SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHOCK FORMATION; AIRCRAFT NOISE; FIELD; SKEWNESS; METRICS AB Crackle, the impulsive quality sometimes present in supersonic jet noise, has traditionally been defined in terms of the pressure waveform skewness. However, recent work has shown that the pressure waveform time derivative is a better quantifier of the acoustic shocks believed to be responsible for crackle perception. This paper discusses two definitions of crackle: waveform asymmetry versus shock content and crackle as a source or propagation-related phenomenon. Data from two static military jet aircraft tests are used to demonstrate that the skewed waveforms radiated from the jet undergo significant nonlinear steepening and shock formation, as evidenced by the skewness of the time derivative of the pressure waveforms. To the extent that crackle is caused by the presence of shock-like features in the waveform, crackle's perceived quality is likely to be heavily influenced by propagation through the geometric near field and into the far field. (C) 2016 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 [Gee, Kent L.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.; Wall, Alan T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Downing, J. Micah; James, Michael M.] Blue Ridge Res & Consulting LLC, 29 N Market St 700, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [McKinley, Richard L.] Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, 711 HPW RHCB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gee, KL; Neilsen, TB; Wall, AT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA.; Downing, JM; James, MM (reprint author), Blue Ridge Res & Consulting LLC, 29 N Market St 700, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.; McKinley, RL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, 711 HPW RHCB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kentgee@byu.edu; tbn@byu.edu; alantwall@gmail.com; micah.downing@blueridgeresearch.com; michael.james@blueridgeresearch.com; richard.mckinley.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force SBIR program; Office of Naval Research Jet Noise Reduction program; Air Force Research Laboratory; Blue Ridge Research and Consulting LLC; Brigham Young University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force SBIR program and the Office of Naval Research Jet Noise Reduction program to complete these analyses. The measurements were funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory through a prior SBIR program2) and supported through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA) between Blue Ridge Research and Consulting LLC, Brigham Young University and the Air Force. Distribution A-approved for public release; distribution is unlimited; JSF clearance numbers JSF 13-450 and JSF14-592 and USAF clearance number 88ABW-2013-2296. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV, COLLEGE ENGINEERING, 212 MARSTON HALL, AMES, IA 50011-2152 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DG3XV UT WOS:000372005400001 ER PT J AU Min, JH Bagal, A Mundy, JZ Oldham, CJ Wu, BI Parsons, GN Chang, CH AF Min, J. -H. Bagal, A. Mundy, J. Z. Oldham, C. J. Wu, B. -I. Parsons, G. N. Chang, C. -H. TI Fabrication and design of metal nano-accordion structures using atomic layer deposition and interference lithography SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC CONDUCTORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHENE FILMS; TRANSPARENT; NANOSTRUCTURES; ELECTRODES; SILVER; TEMPERATURE; PLATINUM; COMPLEX AB Metal nanostructures have attractive electrical and thermal properties as well as structural stability, and are important for applications in flexible conductors. In this study, we have developed a method to fabricate and control novel complex platinum nanostructures with accordion-like profile using atomic layer deposition on lithographically patterned polymer templates. The template removal process results in unique structural transformation of the nanostructure profile, which has been studied and modeled. Using different template duty cycles and aspect ratios, we have demonstrated a wide variety of cross-sectional profiles from wavy geometry to pipe array patterns. These complex thin metal nanostructures can find applications in flexible/stretchable electronics, photonics and nanofluidics. C1 [Min, J. -H.; Bagal, A.; Chang, C. -H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mundy, J. Z.; Oldham, C. J.; Parsons, G. N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wu, B. -I.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chichang@ncsu.edu RI Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Parsons, Gregory/O-9762-2014 OI Parsons, Gregory/0000-0002-0048-5859 FU State of North Carolina; National Science Foundation; NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Opportunity - Early Career Faculty grant [NNX12AQ46G]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge the students, staff, and facility support from the North Carolina State University Nanofabrication Facility (NNF). The authors also acknowledge the use of the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation. This work was supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Opportunity - Early Career Faculty grant (grant NNX12AQ46G) and Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 BP 4984 EP 4990 DI 10.1039/c5nr08566g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DF6PW UT WOS:000371479000021 PM 26863903 ER PT J AU Tao, X Zhang, L Wang, C Li, X Albert, JM Chan, AA AF Tao, X. Zhang, L. Wang, C. Li, X. Albert, J. M. Chan, A. A. TI An efficient and positivity-preserving layer method for modeling radiation belt diffusion processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE layer method; monotone cubic interpolation; radiation belt modeling; bounce resonance; magnetosonic waves ID NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS; QUASI-LINEAR DIFFUSION; PART I IMPLICIT; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; SEMIIMPLICIT SCHEMES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CUBIC INTERPOLATION; DYNAMICS; DIAGONALIZATION; ACCELERATION AB An efficient and positivity-preserving layer method is introduced to solve the radiation belt diffusion equation and is applied to study the bounce resonance interaction between relativistic electrons and magnetosonic waves. The layer method with linear interpolation, denoted by LM-L (layer method-linear), requires the use of a large number of grid points to ensure accurate solutions. We introduce a monotonicity- and positivity-preserving cubic interpolation method to be used with the Milstein-Tretyakov layer method. The resulting method, called LM-MC (layer method-monotone cubic), can be used to solve the radiation belt diffusion equation with a much smaller number of grid points than LM-L while still being able to preserve the positivity of the solution. We suggest that LM-MC can be used to study long-term dynamics of radiation belts. We then develop a 2-D LM-MC code and use it to investigate the bounce resonance diffusion of radiation belt electrons by magnetosonic waves. Using a previously published magnetosonic wave model, we demonstrate that bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves is as important as gyroresonance; both can cause several orders of magnitude increase of MeV electron fluxes within 1day. We conclude that bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves should be taken into consideration together with gyroresonance. C1 [Tao, X.; Zhang, L.; Wang, C.; Li, X.] Univ Sci Technol China, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Tao, X.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Astronaut Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, L.] Peking Univ, Inst Space Phys & Appl Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Albert, J. M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Chan, A. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Univ Sci Technol China, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Hefei, Peoples R China.; Tao, X (reprint author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Astronaut Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM xtao@ustc.edu.cn OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU NSFC [41474142, 41421063]; CAS [KZZD-EW-01-4] FX This work was supported by NSFC grants 41474142 and 41421063 and CAS Key Research Program KZZD-EW-01-4. The model data will be preserved on a long-term storage system and will be made available upon request to the corresponding author. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1002/2015JA022064 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900023 ER PT J AU Huang, CS Roddy, PA AF Huang, Chao-Song Roddy, Patrick A. TI Effects of solar and geomagnetic activities on the zonal drift of equatorial plasma bubbles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma bubbles; zonal drift; magnetic storms ID C/NOFS SATELLITE; NEUTRAL WINDS; VELOCITIES; DYNAMICS AB Equatorial plasma bubbles are mostly generated in the postsunset sector and then move in the zonal direction. Plasma bubbles can last for several hours and move over hundreds of kilometers (even more than 1000km). In this study, we use measurements of ion density by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite to determine the orbit-averaged drift velocity of plasma bubbles. The objective of the study is to identify the dependence of the bubble drift on the solar radio flux and geomagnetic activities. In total, 5463 drift velocities are derived over May 2008 to April 2014, and a statistical analysis is performed. The average pattern of the bubble drift is in good agreement with the zonal drift of the equatorial F region plasma. The zonal drift velocity of plasma bubbles increases with the solar radio flux. However, the increase shows different features at different local times. Geomagnetic activities cause a decrease of the eastward drift velocity of plasma bubbles, equivalent to the occurrence of a westward drift, through disturbance dynamo process. In particular, the decrease of the eastward drift velocity appears to become accelerated when the Dst index is smaller than -60nT or Kp is larger than 4. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song; Roddy, Patrick A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM chaosong.huang.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; SMC Defense Weather Systems Directorate; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; NASA [NNH15AZ81I.C/NOFS] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the SMC Defense Weather Systems Directorate, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported in part by NASA grant NNH15AZ81I.C/NOFS data are available in the NASA database (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp_public/). NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.1002/2015JA021900 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900046 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wang, WB Burns, A Yue, XA Zhang, SR Zhang, YL Huang, CS AF Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Burns, Alan Yue, Xinan Zhang, Shunrong Zhang, Yongliang Huang, Chaosong TI Profiles of ionospheric storm-enhanced density during the 17 March 2015 great storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric storm-enhanced density ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; GLOBAL PLASMASPHERIC TEC; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; F-REGION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MIDDLE LATITUDES; 2003 SUPERSTORMS; QUIET CONDITIONS; SOLAR STORMS; DISTURBANCES AB Ionospheric F-2 region peak densities (NmF2) are expected to have a positive correlation with total electron content (TEC), and electron densities usually show an anticorrelation with electron temperatures near the ionospheric F-2 peak. However, during the 17 March 2015 great storm, the observed TEC, NmF2, and electron temperatures of the storm-enhanced density (SED) over Millstone Hill (42.6 degrees N, 71.5 degrees W, 72 degrees dip angle) show a quiet different picture. Compared with the quiet time ionosphere, TEC, the F-2 region electron density peak height (hmF2), and electron temperatures above similar to 220km increased, but NmF2 decreased significantly within the SED. This SED occurred where there was a negative ionospheric storm effect near the F-2 peak and below it, but a positive storm effect in the topside ionosphere. Thus, this SED event was a SED in TEC but not in NmF2. The very low ionospheric densities below the F-2 peak resulted in a much reduced downward heat conduction for the electrons, trapping the heat in the topside in the presence of heat source above. This, in turn, increased the topside scale height so that even though electron densities at the F-2 peak were depleted, TEC increased in the SED. The depletion in NmF2 was probably caused by an increase in the density of the molecular neutrals, resulting in enhanced recombination. In addition, the storm time topside ionospheric electron density profiles were much closer to diffusive equilibrium than the nonstorm time profiles, indicating less daytime plasma flow between the ionosphere and the plasmasphere. C1 [Liu, Jing; Wang, Wenbin; Burns, Alan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yue, Xinan] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, COSMIC Program Off, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhang, Shunrong] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Zhang, Yongliang] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD USA. [Huang, Chaosong] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jingliu@ucar.edu RI Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016; Liu, Jing/E-6146-2012; OI Wang, Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662; Zhang, Shun-Rong/0000-0002-1946-3166 FU national scientific funding agency of Australia; national scientific funding agency of Canada; national scientific funding agency of China; national scientific funding agency of France; national scientific funding agency of Japan; national scientific funding agency of South Africa; national scientific funding agency of United Kingdom; national scientific funding agency of United States of America; NASA LWS grants [NNX10AQ59G, NNX13AE15G, NNX14AE06G, NNX15AB83G]; NASA GI grants [NNX15AB83G, NNX12AJ54G, NNX14AC13G, NNX15AE73G]; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [AGS-1242204]; Massachusetts Institute of Technology [AGS-1242204] FX We acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by the national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Japan, South Africa, United Kingdom, and the United States of America. This work is supported by NASA LWS grants NNX10AQ59G, NNX13AE15G, NNX14AE06G, and NNX15AB83G, and NASA GI grants NNX12AJ54G, NNX14AC13G, NNX15AB83G, and NNX15AE73G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. GPS TEC data products, ISR observations, and analysis at MIT Haystack Observatory are supported by cooperative agreement AGS-1242204 between the National Science Foundation and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (http://madrigal.haystack.mit.edu/madrigal/). NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 727 EP 744 DI 10.1002/2015JA021832 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900053 ER PT J AU Carter, BA Yizengaw, E Pradipta, R Retterer, JM Groves, K Valladares, C Caton, R Bridgwood, C Norman, R Zhang, K AF Carter, B. A. Yizengaw, E. Pradipta, R. Retterer, J. M. Groves, K. Valladares, C. Caton, R. Bridgwood, C. Norman, R. Zhang, K. TI Global equatorial plasma bubble occurrence during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equatorial Ionosphere; Equatorial Plasma Bubbles; GPS Scintillation; Geomagnetic storm ID LONGITUDINAL VARIABILITY; DRIFT VELOCITY; SPREAD-F; REGION; SCINTILLATION; IONOSPHERE; IRREGULARITIES; AFRICAN; DYNAMO; DMSP AB An analysis of the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) around the world during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm is presented. A network of 12 Global Positioning System receivers spanning from South America to Southeast Asia was used, in addition to colocated VHF receivers at three stations and four nearby ionosondes. The suppression of postsunset EPBs was observed across most longitudes over 2days. The EPB observations were compared to calculations of the linear Rayleigh-Taylor growth rate using coupled thermosphere-ionosphere modeling, which successfully modeled the transition of favorable EPB growth from postsunset to postmidnight hours during the storm. The mechanisms behind the growth of postmidnight EPBs during this storm were investigated. While the latter stages of postmidnight EPB growth were found to be dominated by disturbance dynamo effects, the initial stages of postmidnight EPB growth close to local midnight were found to be controlled by the higher altitudes of the plasma (i.e., the gravity term). Modeling and observations revealed that during the storm the ionospheric plasma was redistributed to higher altitudes in the low-latitude region, which made the plasma more susceptible to Rayleigh-Taylor growth prior to the dominance of the disturbance dynamo in the eventual generation of postmidnight EPBs. C1 [Carter, B. A.; Yizengaw, E.; Pradipta, R.; Retterer, J. M.; Groves, K.; Valladares, C.; Bridgwood, C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA. [Carter, B. A.; Norman, R.; Zhang, K.] RMIT Univ, Space Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Caton, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Carter, BA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA.; Carter, BA (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Space Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM brett.carter@rmit.edu.au RI Carter, Brett/J-2224-2012 OI Carter, Brett/0000-0003-4881-3345 FU Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; Australian Research Council [LP130100243]; NASA LWS [NNX11AP02G]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-104371]; FAA grant [FAA 11-G-006]; AFRL [FA8718-09-C-0041]; NSF [ATM-1135675, ATM-1242476]; NASA LWS grant [NNX11AP02G]; Cooperative Research Centre for Space Environment Management (SERC Limited) FX This research was supported by the Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship awarded to B. A. Carter, the Australian Research Council Linkage grant (project LP130100243) awarded to K. Zhang and B. A. Carter, the NASA LWS (NNX11AP02G) and AFOSR (FA9550-12-104371) grants awarded to E. Yizengaw, and R. Pradipta's time was supported by the FAA grant FAA 11-G-006. C. Valladares was partially supported by AFRL contract FA8718-09-C-0041, NSF grants ATM-1135675 and ATM-1242476 and NASA LWS grant NNX11AP02G. The authors of this paper also wish to acknowledge funding from this research project from the Cooperative Research Centre for Space Environment Management (SERC Limited). The Low Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) is a project led by Boston College in collaboration with the Geophysical Institute of Peru and other institutions that provide information in benefit of the scientific community. We thank all organizations and persons that are supporting and operating receivers in LISN. The GIRO data were obtained from http://giro.uml.edu/. The Kp and solar wind data were obtained from the OMNIWeb website, http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 894 EP 905 DI 10.1002/2015JA022194 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900065 ER PT J AU Schmitz, JT Perez, E Morris, SC Corke, TC Clark, JP Koch, PJ Puterbaugh, SL AF Schmitz, J. T. Perez, E. Morris, S. C. Corke, T. C. Clark, J. P. Koch, P. J. Puterbaugh, S. L. TI Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine: Design, Numerical, and Experimental Analysis SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW AB The performance and detailed flow physics of a highly loaded, transonic low-pressure turbine stage have been investigated numerically and experimentally. The mean rotor Zweifel coefficient was 1.35, with dh/U-2 = 2.8 and a total pressure ratio of 1.75. The aerodynamic design was based on recent developments in boundary-layer transition modeling. Steady and unsteady numerical solutions were used to design the blade geometry as well as to predict the design and offdesign performances. Measurements were acquired in a recently developed high-speed rotating turbine facility. The nozzle-vane-only and full-stage characteristics were measured with varied mass flow, Reynolds number, and freestream turbulences. The efficiency calculated from torque at the design speed and pressure ratio of the turbine was found to be 90.6%. This compared favorably to the mean-line target value of 90.5%. This paper will describe the measurements and numerical solutions in detail for both design and offdesign conditions. C1 [Schmitz, J. T.; Perez, E.; Morris, S. C.; Corke, T. C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Clark, J. P.] US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Bldg 18,Room 136D,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koch, P. J.; Puterbaugh, S. L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmitz, JT (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jschmitz@alumni.nd.edu; john.clark.38@us.af.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.2514/1.B35334 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DE9UL UT WOS:000370984800013 ER PT B AU Burks, RT Robins, RJ AF Burks, Robert T. Robins, R. Judd BE Ryu, RKN Angelo, RL Abrams, JS TI Arthroscopic Single-Row Rotator Cuff Repair SO SHOULDERS: AANA ADVANCED ARTHROSCOPIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SHOULDER SURGERY; NATURAL-HISTORY; TEARS; FIXATION; OUTCOMES; FOOTPRINT; INTEGRITY; TENSION C1 [Burks, Robert T.] Univ Utah, Dept Orthopaed, Orthopaed Surg, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Robins, R. Judd] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sports Med Serv, Dept Orthopaed Surg, US Air Force Acad,Surg, Boulder, CO USA. RP Burks, RT (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Orthopaed, Orthopaed Surg, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-63091-002-0 PY 2016 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BE1BX UT WOS:000367697500005 ER PT J AU Shiroma, CY AF Shiroma, Calvin Y. TI A Comparison of Dental Chartings Performed at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory and the Kokura Central Identification Unit on Remains Identified from the Korean War SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; odontology; Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC); Central Identification Laboratory (CIL); Graves Registration Service (AGRS); Kokura Central Identification Unit (CIU); Centralized Accounting Recovery and Identification System (CARIS) AB During the Korean War, the Office of the Quartermaster General's Graves Registration Service (GRS) was responsible for the recovery, processing, identification, and repatriation of US remains. In January 1951, the GRS established a Central Identification Unit (CIU) at Kokura, Japan. At the Kokura CIU, postmortem dental examinations were performed by the dental technicians. Thirty-nine postmortem dental examinations performed at the CIU were compared to the findings documented in the Forensic Odontology Reports written at the JPAC Central Identification Laboratory (CIL). Differences were noted in 20 comparisons (51%). The majority of the discrepancies was considered negligible and would not alter the JPAC decision to disinter a set of unknown remains. Charting discrepancies that were considered significant included the occasional failure of the Kokura technicians to identify teeth with inter-proximal or esthetic restorations and the misidentification of a mechanically prepared tooth (i.e., tooth prepared for a restoration) as a carious surface. C1 [Shiroma, Calvin Y.] Joint Prisoner War Missing Acti Accounting Comm, 310 Worchester Ave, Joint Base Pearl Harbor, HI 96853 USA. RP Shiroma, CY (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM calvin.y.shiroma.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12916 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DD9OB UT WOS:000370254100008 PM 26249153 ER PT J AU Shiroma, CY AF Shiroma, Calvin Y. TI A Retrospective Review of Forensic Odontology Reports Written by the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory for Remains Identified from the Korean War SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE forensic science; forensic odontology; Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command; Central Identification Laboratory; Army Graves Registration Service; Centralized Accounting Recovery and Identification System AB As of August 2014, the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command has identified the remains of 1980 previously unknown U.S. service members; 280 were from the Korean War. To determine the accuracy and completeness of the available antemortem (AM) dental records, a review of the AM/postmortem (AM/PM) dental record comparisons from 233 Forensic Odontology Reports written in support of remains identified from the Korean War was performed. Seventy-two AM/PM comparisons resulted in exact dental chartings while 161 contained discrepancies which were explainable. Explainable discrepancies include undocumented treatment (103), incorrectly charted third molars as missing (82), differing opinions of specific molars present/missing (20), and erroneous treatment documentation and/or misidentification of teeth present/missing (22, other than molars). Reassessment has revealed varying levels of completeness for our available AM dental records, the need to thoroughly review our computerized comparisons, adjust our comparisons to include molar pattern variations/third molars, and updating our database comparison program. C1 [Shiroma, Calvin Y.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Shiroma, CY (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM calvin.y.shiroma.civ@mail.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12986 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DD9OB UT WOS:000370254100009 PM 27404405 ER PT J AU Niespodziewanski, E Stephan, CN Guyomarc'h, P Fenton, TW AF Niespodziewanski, Emily Stephan, Carl N. Guyomarc'h, Pierre Fenton, Todd W. TI Human Identification via Lateral Patella Radiographs: A Validation Study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; human remains; comparative radiology; geometric morphometrics; elliptical Fourier analysis; Daubert; validation ID UNKNOWN HUMAN REMAINS; FRONTAL-SINUS ACCURACY; PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION; POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION; POSTMORTEM RADIOGRAPHS; CHEST RADIOGRAPHS; FALSE POSITIVES; ANTEMORTEM; RELIABILITY; OUTLINES AB This research examines the utility of patella outline shape for matching 3D scans of patellae to knee radiographs using elliptical Fourier analysis and subjective methods of human visual comparison of patellae across radiographs for identification purposes. Repeat radiographs were captured of cadaver's knees for visual comparison before patellae were extracted and skeletonized for quantitative comparisons. Quantitative methods provided significant narrowing down of the candidate pool to just a few potential matches (< 5% of original sample), while the human analysts showed high capacity for correctly matching radiographs, irrespective of educational level (positive predictive value = 99.8%). The successful computerized matching based on a single quantified patella trait (outline shape) helps explain the potency achieved by subjective visual examination. This work adds to a growing body of studies demonstrating the value of single isolated infracranial bones for human identification via radiographic comparison. C1 [Niespodziewanski, Emily; Fenton, Todd W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 354 Baker Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.; Guyomarc'h, Pierre] Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Niespodziewanski, E (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 655 Auditorium Dr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM niespod1@msu.edu OI Guyomarc'h, Pierre/0000-0002-9419-9270; Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12898 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DD9OB UT WOS:000370254100019 PM 26234529 ER PT J AU Allemang, R Kolluri, MM Spottswood, M Eason, T AF Allemang, Randall Kolluri, Murali Mohan Spottswood, Michael Eason, Thomas TI Decomposition-based calibration/validation metrics for use with full-field measurement situations SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Calibration; validation; quantification of margin and uncertainty; principal component analysis; singular value decomposition; full-field measurements; image decomposition methods ID ZERNIKE MOMENTS; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; RECOGNITION AB Calibration and validation metrics that involve decomposition of simulation and test data have been developed for potential use in the quantification of margin and uncertainty. The uniqueness of these validation metrics allows for nearly full-field, simulation and test data over a wide range of spatial realizations (three-dimensional responses over multiple input conditions) and temporal (time or frequency) information, as needed. Currently, no other calibration/validation metrics have been developed that span multiple spatial realizations and temporal information simultaneously. A demonstration example utilizing two datasets explains how the calibration/validation metrics are formed and how they can be used to quantify the margin between the simulation and the test data as well as how it can quantify the uncertainty. The primary advantage of a proposed principal component analysis validation metric is that it preserves the engineering units of the original data so that the quantifications of margin and uncertainty can be made in engineering unit. A second advantage of the principal component analysis validation metric is that it can be used over a wide range of temporal information. The potential case of using sets of data with mismatched degree of freedom information is also explored. The general approach of using decomposition methods as the basis for calibration/validation metrics is extended to image decomposition methods. All decomposition methods successfully quantify margin and uncertainty in this general calibration/validation metric approach. C1 [Allemang, Randall] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Struct Dynam Res Lab, 598 Rhodes Hall,POB 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kolluri, Murali Mohan] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Spottswood, Michael; Eason, Thomas] USAF AFRL RQHF, Struct Sci Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Allemang, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Struct Dynam Res Lab, 598 Rhodes Hall,POB 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM randall.allemang@uc.edu FU ASEE-USAF Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors would like to acknowledge the partial funding support for this work for R.A. by the ASEE-USAF Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) during the summers of 2011-2013. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 EI 2041-3130 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 1 SI SI BP 14 EP 31 DI 10.1177/0309324715595141 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA DE5EG UT WOS:000370653300003 ER PT J AU Alban, CJ Palazotto, AN Rutledge, JL AF Alban, Christopher J. Palazotto, Anthony N. Rutledge, James L. TI Thermal Considerations with Respect to Sliding Contact at High Speed SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB This paper attempts to trace the movement of a sled along a track at speeds up to Mach 4.5. The sled is supported with slippers that are loosely connected to the rail in such a way that sliding is allowed relative to the stationary rail, but the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicle create bouncing effects within its movement. The model developed makes use of a finite-difference analysis of sliding and bouncing with a one-dimensional differential equation that includes possible melting. The results from this approach are incorporated into a two-dimensional finite-element model that treats the solution incrementally in time within a quasi-steady-state fashion. The results display temperature as a function of conduction and convection including the boundary-layer and Couette conditions along the lower surface. The aerodynamics and boundary layer along the leading edge and top surface are also included. The finite difference is integrated into a finite-element analysis to evaluate sliding, bouncing, and aerodynamic effects on a slipper as it traverses a rail at high velocity. The importance of the research is to determine the temperature profile that can be incorporated into a mechanical evaluation as related to material wear. C1 [Alban, Christopher J.; Palazotto, Anthony N.; Rutledge, James L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alban, CJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to extend their thanks to Michael Kendra, of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for his financial support and to Holloman Air Force Base for its interest and also for its assistance. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.2514/1.T4548 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DE2WK UT WOS:000370487700005 ER PT J AU Reardon, L Chappelle, W Goodman, T Cowper, S Prince, L Thompson, W AF Reardon, Laura Chappelle, Wayne Goodman, Tanya Cowper, Sara Prince, Lillian Thompson, William TI Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in United States Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Agency Imagery Analysts SO PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE imagery analysts; posttraumatic stress; military ID PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; DRONE OPERATORS; RESPONSE RATES; DISORDER; SLEEP; COMBAT; SUBTHRESHOLD; CHECKLIST; VETERANS; HEALTH AB Imagery analysts are critical to the intelligence capabilities of the United States Air Force (USAF) and are known as the "eyes" of the USAF. The purpose of this study was to assess for posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) symptoms among this cohort. Of the 498 imagery analysts who participated, a total of 4.22% met provisional diagnostic criteria for PTSD as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) which was lower than established rates of PTSD (up to 18%) among military personnel returning from deployment. Implications of subclinical PTSD symptoms on occupational functioning and overall diagnostic picture are discussed. C1 [Reardon, Laura] Neurostat Analyt Solut, San Antonio, TX USA. [Chappelle, Wayne] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goodman, Tanya; Cowper, Sara; Thompson, William] Neurostat Analyt Solut, San Antonio, TX USA. [Prince, Lillian] Prince Res & Analyt Solut, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Chappelle, W (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Neuropsychiat Branch, 2510 5th St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wayne.chappelle@us.af.mil NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1942-9681 EI 1942-969X J9 PSYCHOL TRAUMA-US JI Psychol. Trauma PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1037/tra0000046 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA DD8KW UT WOS:000370176400008 PM 26098736 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Plasma-Based Control of Transition on a Wing with Leading-Edge Excrescence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SCHEMES; FLOWS; ACTUATORS AB Large-eddy simulations are carried out to investigate plasma-based flow control that is used to delay transition generated by excrescence on the leading edge of a wing. The wing airfoil section has a geometry that is representative of modern reconnaissance air vehicles and has an appreciable region of laminar flow at design conditions. Modification of the leading edge, which can be caused by the accumulation of debris, insect impacts, microscopic ice crystal formation, damage, or structural fatigue, may result in premature transition and an increase in drag. A dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator, located downstream of the excrescence, is employed to mitigate transition, decrease drag, and increase energy efficiency. Numerical solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations that were augmented by source terms used to represent the body force imparted by the plasma actuator on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided this force resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity numerical scheme and an implicit time-marching approach. An overset mesh system is employed to represent excrescence in the leading-edge region. Solutions are generated for both uniform and distributed excrescence geometries, as well as for the clean wing configuration without leading-edge modification. Results are obtained for two different values of the plasma field strength. Features of the computational flowfields are elucidated, and the effectiveness of control is quantified by comparison with baseline results without plasma actuation. It is found that plasma control can reestablish the laminar flow region lost to excrescence-generated transition and increase the lift-to-drag ratio by up to 8.7%. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Aerosp Vehicles Div Aerodynam Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Aerosp Vehicles Div Aerodynam Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center, Mississippi and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX The work presented here was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under a task monitored by D. Smith. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of supercomputer time from the U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center, Mississippi and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The authors are grateful to A. Sullivan, G. R. Dale, and J. R. Martinez for their assistance. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.2514/1.J054153 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DD6TE UT WOS:000370056600010 ER PT S AU Kully, RM AF Kully, Rafid M. BE Song, B Lamberson, L Casem, D Kimberley, J TI Dynamic Energy Absorption of Eco-Core and Other Commercial Core Materials SO DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS, VOL 1 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Expt Mech DE Energy absorption; Eco-Core; PVC foam; Balsa wood; Rohacell-A AB Eco-Core is a fire resistant syntactic foam that was developed to be used as a core material for sandwich structures. Core materials are subjected to multiaxial stress state in general and potentially to high strain rates. To evaluate the suitability of Eco-Core for applications involve dynamic effects as for blast mitigation and shock absorption military applications, its energy absorption needed to be evaluated. Also, it needed to be compared with energy absorption of other commercial core materials to determine its reliability. Specimens of 11 mm diameter and 3.2 mm length were prepared using Eco-Core (500 kg/m(3)), PVC foam (100 kg/m(3)), Balsa wood (202 kg/m(3)) and Rohacell-A (75 kg/m(3)). All specimens were confined with aluminum sleeve of 11 mm inner diameter and 0.9 mm thickness. Confined specimens were tested on Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus at strain rate ranged from 3120/s to 3490/s. Test results showed that energy absorption per unit volume of Eco-Core (11 MPa) is far superior to other tested commercial core materials (more than twice of Balsa wood the nearest material). The energy absorption per unit mass of Eco-Core (22 kN m/kg) is marginally better than other tested commercial core materials (as good as Balsa wood). C1 [Kully, Rafid M.] US Air Force, Air Educ & Training Command, 97th Air Mobil Wing,97th CES,Bldg 358,Room 1082,4, Altus, OK 73523 USA. RP Kully, RM (reprint author), US Air Force, Air Educ & Training Command, 97th Air Mobil Wing,97th CES,Bldg 358,Room 1082,4, Altus, OK 73523 USA. EM rafid.kully@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22452-7; 978-3-319-22451-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22452-7_9 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BE2OQ UT WOS:000369724800009 ER PT J AU Blake, WB Flanzer, TC AF Blake, William B. Flanzer, Tristan C. TI Optimal Routing for Drag-Reducing Formation Flight: A Restricted Case SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION C1 [Blake, William B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Flanzer, Tristan C.] Boeing Res & Technol, Guidance Nav & Control, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Blake, WB (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 173 EP U28 DI 10.2514/1.G001350 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DD5FG UT WOS:000369947500012 ER PT J AU Amama, PB Islam, AE Saber, SM Huffman, DR Maruyama, B AF Amama, Placidus B. Islam, Ahmad E. Saber, Sammy M. Huffman, Daniel R. Maruyama, Benji TI Understanding properties of engineered catalyst supports using contact angle measurements and X-Ray reflectivity SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH TERMINATION; CARPET GROWTH; EVOLUTION; ELECTRODES; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; SAPPHIRE AB There is significant interest in broadening the type of catalyst substrates that support the growth of high-quality carbon nanotube (CNT) carpets. In this study, ion beam bombardment has been utilized to modify catalyst substrates for CNT carpet growth. Using a combination of contact angle measurements (CAMs) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) for the first time, new correlations between the physicochemical properties of pristine and engineered catalyst substrates and CNT growth behavior have been established. The engineered surfaces obtained after exposure to different degrees of ion beam damage have distinct physicochemical properties (porosity, layer thickness, and acid-base properties). The CAM data were analyzed using the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model, enabling the determination of the acid-base properties of the substrate surfaces. For the XRR data, a Fourier analysis of the interference patterns enabled extraction of layer thickness, while the atomic density and interfacial roughness were extracted by analyzing the amplitude of the interference oscillations. The dramatic transformation of the substrate from "inactive" to "active" is attributed to a combined effect of substrate porosity or damage depth and Lewis basicity. The results reveal that the efficiency of catalyst substrates can be further improved by increasing the substrate basicity, if the minimum surface porosity is established. This study advances the use of a non-thermochemical approach for catalyst substrate engineering, as well as demonstrates the combined C1 [Amama, Placidus B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Islam, Ahmad E.; Saber, Sammy M.; Huffman, Daniel R.; Maruyama, Benji] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, Ahmad E.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Saber, Sammy M.; Huffman, Daniel R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pamama@ksu.edu FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship (SFFP); K-State University Small Research Grant (USRG) program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Kansas State University; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship program; Purdue Electron Microscopy Consortium FX P.B.A. gratefully acknowledges support from the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship (SFFP) and K-State University Small Research Grant (USRG) program. Funding for this study was provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and Kansas State University. A.E.I. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship program and S.S. acknowledges support from the Purdue Electron Microscopy Consortium. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2927 EP 2936 DI 10.1039/c5nr08108d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DD0DV UT WOS:000369591400052 PM 26781333 ER PT J AU Jennings, AR Iacono, ST AF Jennings, Abby R. Iacono, Scott T. TI Progress in fluorinated organically modified silicas SO POLYMER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE sol-gel chemistry; ORMOSILs; silica networks; silsesquioxanes ID THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; MEMBRANE; SURFACES; COATINGS; ORMOSIL; GROWTH AB This perspective will highlight the significant advances in the field of fluorinated organically modified silicas occurring since 2014. After a brief introduction, an overview of the syntheticmethods employed for obtaining these organic-inorganic hybrid materials with an emphasis on the lesser utilized and new synthetic methods will be given. Furthermore, novel applications beyond themore traditional non-wetting coatings and surfaces will also be featured. (C) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Jennings, Abby R.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jennings, Abby R.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.; Iacono, ST (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council (NRC) Post-Doctoral Research Associate Program FX This paper was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory. ARJ was supported through the National Research Council (NRC) Post-Doctoral Research Associate Program. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0959-8103 EI 1097-0126 J9 POLYM INT JI Polym. Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 65 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1002/pi.4984 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DD5KK UT WOS:000369962400002 ER PT J AU Schmucker, AL Tadepalli, S Liu, KK Sullivan, CJ Singamaneni, S Naik, RR AF Schmucker, Abrin L. Tadepalli, Sirimuvva Liu, Keng-Ku Sullivan, Claretta J. Singamaneni, Srikanth Naik, Rajesh R. TI Plasmonic paper: a porous and flexible substrate enabling nanoparticle-based combinatorial chemistry SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSTRUCTURES; SHAPE; SIZE; RESONANCE; NANORODS; SILVER; CALLIGRAPHY AB The intrinsic properties of nanoparticles are both fundamentally interesting and offer tremendous potential for a variety of applications. However, leveraging their utility is difficult because these properties are often intimately connected to nanoparticle stability in solution. We report that cellulose filter paper is a versatile substrate to capture, stabilize, and manipulate nanoparticles. Once immobilized, we present ensemble averaged extinction spectra and propose that this plasmonic paper is a solid state equivalent to a nanoparticle solution. We also demonstrate that capillary flow within the paper creates concentration gradients of reagents for combinatorial chemical reactions on the immobilized nanoparticles. Importantly, the added stability afforded to the nanoparticles by the paper allows for exposure to chemical environments that would otherwise disrupt a nanoparticle colloid. These new capabilities could enable new architectures in nanoparticle-based sensors and biodiagnostics where many of the previous design limitations are entirely avoided. C1 [Schmucker, Abrin L.; Sullivan, Claretta J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tadepalli, Sirimuvva; Liu, Keng-Ku; Singamaneni, Srikanth] Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM singamaneni@wustl.edu; rajesh.naik@us.af.mil RI Schmucker, Abrin/A-7426-2010; OI Tadepalli, Sirimuvva/0000-0001-9658-9988 FU AFOSR; AFRL/RX FX This work was partly funded by AFOSR and AFRL/RX and performed while A. L. S. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Dr Ali Jawaid and Dr Rich Vaia for gold nanorod samples modified with thiolated polystyrene ligands for characterization of adsorption from hydrophobic solution. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 BP 4136 EP 4144 DI 10.1039/c5ra21977a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DC8ZF UT WOS:000369508800087 ER PT J AU Ruiz, ON Brown, LM Striebich, RC Smart, CE Bowen, LL Lee, JS Little, BJ Mueller, SS Gunasekera, TS AF Ruiz, Oscar N. Brown, Lisa M. Striebich, Richard C. Smart, Caitlin E. Bowen, Loryn L. Lee, Jason S. Little, Brenda J. Mueller, Susan S. Gunasekera, Thusitha S. TI Effect of Conventional and Alternative Fuels on a Marine Bacterial Community and the Significance to Bioremediation SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIUM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; HORIZON OIL-SPILL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; AVIATION FUEL; MARINOBACTER-HYDROCARBONOCLASTICUS; DIESEL FUEL; DYNAMICS; BIODEGRADATION AB Understanding the effect of conventional and alternative fuels on the marine bacterial community is crucial, as it pertains to the impact, biodegradation, and final fate of these fuels in the environment. Metagenomics analysis demonstrated that conventional and alternative fuels promoted the growth of Proteobacteria. Marinobacter and Desulfovibrio were predominant in seawater exposed to conventional jet propellant-5 (JP-5), while Hyphomonas and Rhodovulum were most abundant in seawater with hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel (HRJ) and conventional F-76 diesel, respectively. The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lentisphaerae were underrepresented in samples with fuel, and these phyla were largely comprised of unclassified bacteria. Culture-dependent tests isolated several of the same genera detected in high abundance by metagenomics DNA sequencing, including Marinobacter, Rhodovulum, and Halobacillus. Growth studies in fuel and gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that isolates grew in fuel and metabolized hydrocarbons efficiently. The hydrocarbon degradation profile of each bacterium was conserved from conventional to alternative fuels. The study indicated that bacteria must out-compete others to get established and proliferate. Competition between hydrocarbon degraders was an important factor affecting the bioremediation process. This study provides insights into the growth characteristics of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and the effects of fuel on marine bacterial communities. C1 [Ruiz, Oscar N.; Smart, Caitlin E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Lisa M.; Striebich, Richard C.; Bowen, Loryn L.; Mueller, Susan S.; Gunasekera, Thusitha S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lee, Jason S.; Little, Brenda J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39559 USA. RP Ruiz, ON (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Oscar.Ruiz@us.af.mil OI Smart, Caitlin/0000-0003-3444-3961 FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch; Office of Naval Research (ONR), Alternative Energy and Fuels Program [N0001412MP20120]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2-2934] FX Research reported in this article was supported by funds from the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch, and the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Alternative Energy and Fuels Program (Award number N0001412MP20120) to O.N.R. This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-10-2-2934. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02439 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DB6US UT WOS:000368651800049 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Tondiglia, VP White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. TI Photosensitivity of reflection notch tuning and broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIELECTRIC ANISOTROPY; SWITCHING MODE; DEFORMATION AB The position or bandwidth of the selective reflection of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) prepared from negative dielectric anisotropy (''-Delta epsilon '') liquid crystalline hosts can be shifted by applying a DC voltage. The underlying mechanism of the tuning or broadening of the reflection of PSCLCs detailed in these recent efforts is ion-facilitated, electromechanical deformation of the structurally chiral, polymer stabilizing network in the presence of a DC bias. Here, we show that these electro-optic responses can also be photosensitive. The photosensitivity is most directly related to the presence of photoinitiator, which is a known ionic contaminant to liquid crystal devices. Measurement of the ion density of a series of control compositions before, during, and after irradiation with UV light confirms that the ion density in compositions that exhibit photosensitivity is increased by irradiation and correlates to not only the concentration of the photoinitiator but also the type. Thus, the magnitude of the electrically tuned or broadened reflection of PSCLC of certain compositions when subjected to DC field is further increased in the presence of UV light. While interesting and potentially useful in applications such as architectural windows, the effect may be deleterious to some device implementations. Accordingly, compositions in which photosensitivity is not observed are identified. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Leidos, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1256 EP 1261 DI 10.1039/c5sm01985k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DD2JF UT WOS:000369747900030 PM 26593860 ER PT J AU Salter, WB Lovingood, DD Creasy, W Owens, JR AF Salter, W. Bruce Lovingood, Derek D. Creasy, William Owens, Jeffery R. TI Analysis of vaporous contaminants including low-volatility analytes permeating textiles at room temperature using headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE vapor permeation; chemical warfare agents; SPME GC-MS; headspace analysis; permeation kinetics AB Detection of toxic vapors permeating textiles is an important measure of the efficacy of a protective garment. Here, we demonstrate a method to detect and analyze contaminant vapors as they permeate through cotton textiles. Specifically, we show how this method can be improved upon by the incorporation of solid-phase microextraction into the sampling process, thereby allowing low-volatility analytes to be sampled at room temperature without significantly influencing the concentration of the contaminant in the headspace. Furthermore, this technique can be extended to other applications in the development of barrier materials as it lends itself to kinetics as well as direct comparison of materials' total chemical permeation. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Salter, W. Bruce; Lovingood, Derek D.] Univ Technol Corp, 139 Barnes Dr Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Creasy, William] Leidos, POB 68 Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Owens, Jeffery R.] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr AFCEC CXAE, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Salter, WB (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 139 Barnes Dr Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM brucesalter@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 48 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1002/sia.5887 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DC8WO UT WOS:000369500800008 ER PT J AU Kieras, DE Wakefield, GH Thompson, ER Iyer, N Simpson, BD AF Kieras, David E. Wakefield, Gregory H. Thompson, Eric R. Iyer, Nandini Simpson, Brian D. TI Modeling Two-Channel Speech Processing With the EPIC Cognitive Architecture SO TOPICS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling CY AUG 17-18, 2015 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Cognitive architecture; Two-channel speech; Auditory perception; Auditory streams ID MULTIPLE-TASK PERFORMANCE; COMPUTATIONAL THEORY; PERCEPTION; TALKERS AB An important application of cognitive architectures is to provide human performance models that capture psychological mechanisms in a form that can be programmed to predict task performance of human-machine system designs. Although many aspects of human performance have been successfully modeled in this approach, accounting for multitalker speech task performance is a novel problem. This article presents a model for performance in a two-talker task that incorporates concepts from psychoacoustics, in particular, masking effects and stream formation. C1 [Kieras, David E.; Wakefield, Gregory H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 2260 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Thompson, Eric R.; Iyer, Nandini; Simpson, Brian D.] US Air Force, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kieras, DE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 2260 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kieras@umich.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Cognitive Science Program [N00014-10-1-0152, N00014-13-1-0358]; Air Force Office of Sponsored Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Cognitive Science Program, under grant numbers N00014-10-1-0152 and N00014-13-1-0358 (D.E.K and G.H.W), and grants from the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research (AFOSR) (N.I. and B.D.S.). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1756-8757 EI 1756-8765 J9 TOP COGN SCI JI Top. Cogn. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1111/tops.12180 PG 14 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA DC6PN UT WOS:000369342200017 PM 26748483 ER PT J AU Kim, S Russell, M Kulkarni, DD Henry, M Kim, S Naik, RR Voevodin, AA Jang, SS Tsukruk, VV Fedorov, AG AF Kim, Songkil Russell, Michael Kulkarni, Dhaval D. Henry, Mathias Kim, Steve Naik, Rajesh R. Voevodin, Andrey A. Jang, Seung Soon Tsukruk, Vladimir V. Fedorov, Andrei G. TI Activating "Invisible" Glue: Using Electron Beam for Enhancement of Interfacial Properties of Graphene-Metal Contact SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID); graphene; graphitic interlayer; heterogeneous contact; nanowelding ID INDUCED DEPOSITION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; RESISTANCE; DEVICES; FABRICATION; DEFECTS AB Interfacial contact of two-dimensional graphene with three-dimensional metal electrodes is crucial to engineering high-performance graphene-based nanodevices with superior performance. Here, we report on the development of a rapid "nanowelding" method for enhancing properties of interface to graphene buried under metal electrodes using a focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). High energy electron irradiation activates two-dimensional graphene structure by generation of structural defects at the interface to metal contacts with subsequent strong bonding via FEBID of an atomically thin graphitic interlayer formed by low energy secondary electron-assisted dissociation of entrapped hydrocarbon contaminants. Comprehensive investigation is conducted to demonstrate formation of the FEBID graphitic interlayer and its impact on contact properties of graphene devices achieved via strong electromechanical coupling at graphene metal interfaces. Reduction of the device electrical resistance by similar to 50% at a Dirac point and by similar to 30% at the gate voltage far from the Dirac point is obtained with concurrent improvement in thermomechanical reliability of the contact interface. Importantly, the process is rapid and has an excellent insertion potential into a conventional fabrication workflow of graphene-based nanodevices through single-step postprocessing modification of interfacial properties at the buried heterogeneous contact. C1 [Kim, Songkil; Henry, Mathias; Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Russell, Michael; Kulkarni, Dhaval D.; Jang, Seung Soon; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Steve; Naik, Rajesh R.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fedorov, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Fedorov, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM AGF@gatech.edu RI Jang, Seung Soon/C-6847-2008 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0010729]; AFOSR BIONIC Center Award [FA9550-09-1-0162]; Semiconductor Research Corporation GRC Contract [2011-OJ-2221] FX Research primarily supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award #DE-SC0010729 (FEBID experiments, test structure fabrication and electrical measurements, and data analysis). AFOSR BIONIC Center Award No. FA9550-09-1-0162 provided support for synthesis of graphene samples, and Semiconductor Research Corporation GRC Contract 2011-OJ-2221 supported work on graphene transfer optimization and Raman/AFM characterization. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1042 EP 1049 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b06342 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DC3JO UT WOS:000369115800113 PM 26741645 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Korkis-Kanaan, R Jirasek, A Cummings, RM Lofthouse, AJ AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Korkis-Kanaan, Ramy Jirasek, Adam Cummings, Russell M. Lofthouse, Andrew J. TI Simulation validation of static and forced motion canard configured TransCruiser SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transonic passenger aircraft; Overset mesh; CFD; Canard wing interaction ID TURBULENCE MODELS; AERODYNAMICS; FLOWS; WINGS AB The basic objective of this work is to validate CFD simulations performed on a transonic cruiser configuration called the TCR. The low speed aerodynamic characteristics of the TCR have previously been investigated at the Russian TsAGI T-103 wind tunnel as part of the European Framework 6 SimSAC project. The experimental results showed that static and dynamic pitch moment curves are very nonlinear. These experimental data are used in this work to validate CFD predictions using the Cobalt flow solver with an overset grid approach. Two types of wind tunnel tests were conducted: static tests for angle-of attack sweeps at zero degrees sideslip and angle-of-sideslip sweeps at different angles of attack. The dynamic tests include forced sinusoidal oscillations in one of three modes of pitch, yaw, and roll. Both static and dynamic tests were conducted with/without a vertical tail and at different canard deflections. Dynamic tests are small- and large-amplitude motions with frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 Hz. CFD results were obtained with different turbulence models and using a single mesh or an overset grid approach, and then compared with the experimental data. The effects of the canard downwash flow on the wing aerodynamic performance are also investigated. The comparison between the experimental and CFD simulations show that the results match well. The overset mesh that includes a gap between the canard and fuselage leads to the same predictions as the single mesh that has no gaps. The CFD solutions show that vortices are formed over the canard, fuselage, leading-edge extension (LEX), wing, and the vertical tail (at sideslip angles). Each vortex appears to have a primary vortex accompanied by a smaller counter-rotating secondary vortex. These vortices are influenced by the canard presence and deflection. At high angles of attack, the canard vortex has two favorable effects in terms of increasing the maximum lift and delaying the wing vortex breakdown. In the range of angles of attack between 18 and 24 degrees, the canard vortex core moves upward off the canard surface and the LEX and wing vortices interact and then merge; both effects lead to a sudden change in the slopes of the force and moment curves. Finally, the CFD data show that increasing the canard deflection produces a stronger vortex over the canard, but leads to smaller fuselage and LEX vortices. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Korkis-Kanaan, Ramy; Jirasek, Adam; Cummings, Russell M.; Lofthouse, Andrew J.] US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Mehdi.Ghoreyshi@usafa.edu FU USAFA [FA70001320018]; High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi is supported by USAFA under contract FA70001320018; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgements are expressed to the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), ERDC for providing computer time. The authors appreciate the support provided by the High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA. Special thanks are also due to Art Rizzi of KTH, Jan Vos of CFSE Engineering and Sergio Ricci of Polimi for providing the TCR CAD and experimental data. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 48 BP 158 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2015.11.008 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DC1IY UT WOS:000368971200017 ER PT J AU Liang, QL Durrani, TS Pi, YM Samn, SW AF Liang, Qilian Durrani, Tariq S. Pi, Yiming Samn, Sherwood W. TI Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks: Theory and Design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Liang, Qilian] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Durrani, Tariq S.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Pi, Yiming] Univ Elect Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. [Samn, Sherwood W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RHX, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Liang, QL (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM liang@uta.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1550-1329 EI 1550-1477 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2016 AR 8253168 DI 10.1155/2016/8253168 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA DC0WW UT WOS:000368939600001 ER PT J AU Ozturk, T Stein, C Pokharel, R Hefferan, C Tucker, H Jha, S John, R Lebensohn, RA Kenesei, P Suter, RM Rollett, AD AF Ozturk, Tugce Stein, Clayton Pokharel, Reeju Hefferan, Christopher Tucker, Harris Jha, Sushant John, Reji Lebensohn, Ricardo A. Kenesei, Peter Suter, Robert M. Rollett, Anthony D. TI Simulation domain size requirements for elastic response of 3D polycrystalline materials SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spectral full-field modeling; fast Fourier transform algorithm; anisotropic elastic response; microstructures; high-energy x-ray diffraction microscopy; representative volume element ID REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENT; SHORT FATIGUE-CRACK; COMPOSITES; BOUNDARIES AB A fast Fourier transform (FFT) based spectral algorithm is used to compute the full field mechanical response of polycrystalline microstructures. The field distributions in a specific region are used to determine the sensitivity of the method to the number of surrounding grains through quantification of the divergence of the field values from the largest simulation domain, as successively smaller surrounding volumes are included in the simulation. The analysis considers a mapped 3D structure where the location of interest is taken to be a particular pair of surface grains that enclose a small fatigue crack, and synthetically created statistically representative microstructures to further investigate the effect of anisotropy, loading condition, loading direction, and texture. The synthetic structures are generated via DREAM3D and the measured material is a cyclically loaded, Ni-based, low solvus high refractory (LSHR) superalloy that was characterized via 3D high energy x-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM). Point-wise comparison of distributions in the grain pairs shows that, in order to obtain a Pearson correlation coefficient larger than 99%, the domain must extend to at least the third nearest neighbor. For an elastic FFT calculation, the stress-strain distributions are not sensitive to the shape of the domain. The main result is that convergence can be specified in terms of the number of grains surrounding a region of interest. C1 [Ozturk, Tugce; Stein, Clayton; Pokharel, Reeju; Tucker, Harris; Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pokharel, Reeju; Lebensohn, Ricardo A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hefferan, Christopher; Suter, Robert M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Hefferan, Christopher] RJ Lee Grp, 350 Hochberg Rd, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. [Jha, Sushant] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [John, Reji] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kenesei, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Ozturk, T (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM tozturk@andrew.cmu.edu RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Ozturk, Tugce/E-9317-2016; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Ozturk, Tugce/0000-0001-5040-5821; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191; Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 FU AFOSR Discovery Challenge Thrust grant [FA9550-10-1-0213]; National Science Foundation through TeraGrid [DMR080072]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Partial support by AFOSR Discovery Challenge Thrust grant #FA9550-10-1-0213 is acknowledged. The research was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by Texas Advanced Computing Center under grant number DMR080072. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors are grateful to Dr Jonathan Lind for his contribution in collecting and analyzing the HEDM data, and also his algorithms for segmentation of diffractograms, which greatly facilitated the reconstruction. The authors are grateful to Dr S L Semiatin for heat treating the LSHR specimens to produce the coarse microstructure and Mr W John Porter (University of Dayton Research Institute) for microstructural characterization. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 AR 015006 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/24/1/015006 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DB9TS UT WOS:000368860400006 ER PT J AU Paluri, S Kambhatla, KKR Bailey, BA Cosman, PC Matyjas, JD Kumar, S AF Paluri, Seethal Kambhatla, Kashyap K. R. Bailey, Barbara A. Cosman, Pamela C. Matyjas, John D. Kumar, Sunil TI A low complexity model for predicting slice loss distortion for prioritizing H.264/AVC video SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE H.264/AVC; Video coding; CMSE prediction; Slice prioritization; Slice loss; Unequal Error Protection (UEP); Slice discard ID PACKET-LOSS VISIBILITY; QUALITY ESTIMATION; STREAMS; TRANSMISSION; ALGORITHMS; NETWORKS AB The cumulative mean squared error (CMSE) is a widely used measure of distortion introduced by a slice loss. We propose a low-complexity and low-delay generalized linear model for predicting CMSE contributed by the loss of individual H.264/AVC encoded video slices. We train the model over a video database by using a combination of video factors that are extracted during the encoding of the current frame, without using any data from future frames in the group of pictures (GOP). We then analyze the accuracy of the CMSE prediction model using cross-validation and correlation coefficients. We prioritize the slices within a GOP based on their predicted CMSE values. The performance of our model is evaluated by applying unequal error protection, using rate compatible punctured convolutional codes, to the prioritized slices over noisy channels. We also demonstrate an application of our slice prioritization by implementing a slice discard scheme, where the slices are dropped from the router when the network experiences congestion. The simulation results show that (i) the slice CMSE prediction model performs well for varying GOP structures, GOP lengths, and encoding bit rates, and (ii) the peak signal-to-noise ratio and video quality metric performance of an unequal error protection algorithm using slices prioritized by the predicted CMSE is similar to that of the measured CMSE values for different videos and channel signal-to-noise. We also extend the GOP-level slice prioritization to frame-level slice prioritization and show its performance over noisy channels. C1 [Paluri, Seethal] San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kambhatla, Kashyap K. R.; Kumar, Sunil] San Diego State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kambhatla, Kashyap K. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bailey, Barbara A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Cosman, Pamela C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Paluri, S (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM spaluri@mail.sdsu.edu; kkambhat@ucsd.edu; bbailey@mail.sdsu.edu; pcosman@ucsd.edu; john.matyjas@us.af.mil; skumar@mail.sdsu.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-08-1-0078, FA8750-11-1-0048] FX Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2014-5103, 4th November 2014. This research was partially supported by awards from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract #FA8750-08-1-0078 and FA8750-11-1-0048. Opinions, interpretations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 J9 MULTIMED TOOLS APPL JI Multimed. Tools Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 75 IS 2 BP 961 EP 985 DI 10.1007/s11042-014-2334-2 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DB7YX UT WOS:000368734700013 ER PT J AU Jeong, S Lee, J Kim, HC Hwang, JY Ku, BC Zakharov, DN Maruyama, B Stach, EA Kim, SM AF Jeong, Seojeong Lee, Jaegeun Kim, Hwan-Chul Hwang, Jun Yeon Ku, Bon-Cheol Zakharov, Dmitri N. Maruyama, Benji Stach, Eric A. Kim, Seung Min TI Direct observation of morphological evolution of a catalyst during carbon nanotube forest growth: new insights into growth and growth termination SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; WATER; CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANISM; ARRAYS; SCALE; STRENGTH; KINETICS AB In this study, we develop a new methodology for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis that enables us to directly investigate the interface between carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and the catalyst and support layers for CNT forest growth without any damage induced by a post-growth TEM sample preparation. Using this methodology, we perform in situ and ex situ TEM investigations on the evolution of the morphology of the catalyst particles and observe the catalyst particles to climb up through CNT arrays during CNT forest growth. We speculate that the lifted catalysts significantly affect the growth and growth termination of CNT forests along with Ostwald ripening and sub-surface diffusion. Thus, we propose a modified growth termination model which better explains various phenomena related to the growth and growth termination of CNT forests. C1 [Jeong, Seojeong; Lee, Jaegeun; Hwang, Jun Yeon; Ku, Bon-Cheol; Kim, Seung Min] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, Jeonbuk 565905, South Korea. [Jeong, Seojeong; Kim, Hwan-Chul] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Organ Mat & Fiber Engn, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. [Zakharov, Dmitri N.; Stach, Eric A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11733 USA. [Maruyama, Benji] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, SM (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, Jeonbuk 565905, South Korea. EM seungmin.kim@kist.re.kr RI Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 FU Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) [FA2386-14-1-4047]; Industrial Fundamental Technology Development Program - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of Korea [10052838]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX This work is financially supported by the grants from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) institutional program and the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) project (Project No. FA2386-14-1-4047). This work is also supported by the Industrial Fundamental Technology Development Program (10052838, Development of the direct spinning process for continuous carbon nanotube fiber) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of Korea. Environmental TEM studies were carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. We also thank Eomji Lee for graphical assistance. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 2055 EP 2062 DI 10.1039/c5nr05547d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DB9TX UT WOS:000368860900035 PM 26700058 ER PT S AU Kully, RM AF Kully, Rafid M. BE Sciammarella, C Considine, J Gloeckner, P TI Development of New Method for Direct Measurement of High Strain Rate Testing Parameters SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS, VOL 4 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE SHPB; Direct measurement; High strain rate; Dynamic test; Displacement and force sensors ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; SOFT MATERIALS; IMPACT; DEFORMATION AB High strain rate testing and dynamic characterization of materials have been always serious challenges. Traditional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) is being used for this purpose for the last 100 years. Traditional SHPB concept relays completely on the one dimensional stress wave propagation theory that adopts several assumptions. Besides, this method is subjected to some limitations of specimen dimensions, specimen material type, bars material, pulse shaping and others. The new developed direct measurement SHPB utilizes two force sensors to measure forces on both sides of the tested specimen thereby the stress on the specimen. Also, it utilizes two laser displacement sensors to measure the displacement on both sides of the specimen thereby measure the strain and the strain rate. This system measures the stress, the strain and the strain rate simultaneously all through the test period. The new developed method opens the door for great developments in the field of dynamic testing and characterization of all types of materials. It is a non-assumptions method independent of specimen material or dimensions. C1 [Kully, Rafid M.] US Air Force, Air Educ & Training Command, 97th Air Mobil Wing,97th CES,Bldg 358,Room 1082,4, Altus AFB, OK 73523 USA. RP Kully, RM (reprint author), US Air Force, Air Educ & Training Command, 97th Air Mobil Wing,97th CES,Bldg 358,Room 1082,4, Altus AFB, OK 73523 USA. EM rafid.kully@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22449-7; 978-3-319-22448-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22449-7_17 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BE1UI UT WOS:000368587400017 ER PT S AU Quick, T Safriet, S Mollenhauer, D Ryther, C Wheeler, R AF Quick, Torin Safriet, Sirina Mollenhauer, David Ryther, Chad Wheeler, Robert BE Beese, AM Zehnder, AT Xia, S TI Compression Testing of Micro-Scale Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composites SO FRACTURE, FATIGUE, FAILURE AND DAMAGE EVOLUTION, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Failure mechanism; Composite; In-situ compression testing; Kink bands; X-ray micro computed tomography ID PART I; FAILURE AB This project builds on work done by Lu et al. An experimental study is carried out to characterize the failure behavior of a fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite at the micro-scale using the same test methodology. In order to address the issue of catastrophic failure observed in the previous effort, a physical stop for the indenter that limits maximum displacement to a predetermined value is integrated into the specimen design. Micron-sized specimens of IM7/BMI unidirectional composite with an integrated indenter displacement control were fabricated using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling. The specimens were compression tested using a custom built, SEM-based in-situ micro-testing device. During compression, SEM images are acquired continuously between displacement intervals so the deformation phenomena can be observed. Initial results showed that the integrated indenter displacement control prevents complete destruction of the specimen after the onset of failure. Damage observed includes interface failure, broken fibers, and general crushing. Parallel efforts on larger-scale compressive testing are conducted on millimeter-sized specimens using an in situ mechanical test frame located in an X-ray micro computed tomography (mu CT) system. Failure response includes longitudinal splitting or brooming and kinking. A quantitative comparison of the compressive strength and modulus obtained from the two size scales specimen shows that there is no indication of a size effect. The experimental results will be used to validate the numerical models of micro-compression behavior. C1 [Quick, Torin; Mollenhauer, David; Ryther, Chad] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Safriet, Sirina] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wheeler, Robert] Micro Testing Solut LLC, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. RP Safriet, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Sirina.Safriet.ctr@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-21611-9; 978-3-319-21610-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 VL 8 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21611-9_28 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BE1TF UT WOS:000368505900028 ER PT S AU Hall, RB AF Hall, R. B. BE Ralph, C Silberstein, M Thakre, PR Singh, R TI A Theory of Multi-Constituent Finitely-Deforming Composite Materials Subject to Thermochemical Changes with Damage SO MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, VOL 7 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Mixture; Anisotropic; Anisothermal; Reaction; Damage AB A mixture theory with arbitrary numbers of constituents of anisotropic solids and fluids, invoking the postulate of maximum rate of entropy production with coupled diffusion, reaction, deformation and thermal history, is briefly described. The model generalizes the 2-constituent theory of Hall and Rajagopal (2012) to include, in addition to the previously-described features, multiplicatively decomposed kinematics for thermal and chemical volume expansions and contractions. Applications of interest generally include the evolution of asymmetric material features involving finite-dimensional growth and recession, leading to local rotations important to the description of failure. An example process is the oxidation of SiC to form SiO2 in SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), which results in a 2.2 x local volume increase. A damage approach is described that relies on the decomposition of the internal energy into non-dissipative and dissipative parts applied within the principle of virtual power. C1 [Hall, R. B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCC Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCC Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.hall.16@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-21762-8; 978-3-319-21761-1 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21762-8_34 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE1SW UT WOS:000368488900034 ER PT J AU Wolfe, TS Francis, SA Langley, D Petrosky, JC Roos, J Terzuoli, A Zens, T AF Wolfe, Timothy S. Francis, Sarah Ashley Langley, Derrick Petrosky, James C. Roos, Jason Terzuoli, Andrew Zens, Timothy TI Integrated Computational Investigation of Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches in Pulsed Power Radio Frequency Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charge carriers; optical switches; photoconductivity; power semiconductor switches; semiconductor device modeling; wide bandgap semiconductors ID GAN; PHOTOIONIZATION AB Successful integration of linear-mode photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) into RF pulsing antenna sources may yield higher switching speeds and improved power efficiency over conventional switching methods, while also reducing size/weight. This paper presents a multiphysics computational methodology for studying linear-mode PCSS in a high-power antenna system, with a focus on extrinsically triggered wide-bandgap materials. A comparison with the existing literature reveals crucial performance sensitivities to photon absorption models, as well as encouraging results for the potential of PCSS as high-power switching devices. C1 [Wolfe, Timothy S.; Francis, Sarah Ashley; Langley, Derrick; Petrosky, James C.; Roos, Jason; Terzuoli, Andrew; Zens, Timothy] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wolfe, TS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. EM timothy.wolfe.6@us.af.mil; sarah.francis@topper.wku.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2500022 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DA8EU UT WOS:000368038700008 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Keller, KA Lee, H Godar, T Hay, RS AF Boakye, Emmanuel E. Mogilevsky, Pavel Keller, Kristin A. Lee, HeeDong Godar, Trenton Hay, Randall S. TI Processing of 0.7BaTiO(3)-0.3BiScO(3) Solid-Solution Coatings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; (BA,SR)TIO3 THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BARIUM-TITANATE; CITRIC-ACID; GEL PROCESS; CERAMICS; NI; BEHAVIOR; SRTIO3 AB Coatings with the 0.7BaTiO(3)-0.3BiScO(3) solid-solution composition were formed on palladium and single-crystal (001) SrTiO3 substrates using a polymeric metal citrate precursor. Solutions of TiOCl2, Ba(NO3)(2), Sc(NO3)(3), and Bi(NO3)(3) were mixed with citric acid and polymerized with ethylene glycol. Stable mixed-metal citrate solutions were formed at pH >9 and used for coatings. The phase and composition of powders and coatings were characterized using DTA, TGA, SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction. Single-phase cubic 0.7BaTiO(3)-0.3BiScO(3) solid solutions formed at 600 degrees C. Coatings on Pd using precursors doped with 5 wt% lithium nitrate were dense after sintering at 950 degrees C/1h. Coatings without lithium nitrate required 1050 degrees C/50h to densify. Coatings on SrTiO3 heat-treated at 1150 degrees C were dense but formed a (Sc,Ti)-rich second phase. C1 [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Mogilevsky, Pavel; Keller, Kristin A.; Lee, HeeDong; Godar, Trenton; Hay, Randall S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Mogilevsky, Pavel; Keller, Kristin A.; Lee, HeeDong] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Godar, Trenton] Wright State Univ, Fairborn, OH 45435 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Emmanuel.Boakye@wpafb.af.mil FU AF [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This work was completed under AF Contract #: FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-542X EI 1744-7402 J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1111/ijac.12414 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DA7AA UT WOS:000367955800017 ER PT J AU Ogle, AD Barron, LG Fedotova, AV AF Ogle, Alan D. Barron, Laura G. Fedotova, Anna V. TI Job Analysis of United States Air Force Military Training Instructor Duty: Identification of Screening Criteria for Instructor Candidate Suitability SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military training instructor; personnel screening; job analysis; abuse of power; sexual assault AB Initial military training-instructor duty places noncommissioned officers (NCOs) in a critical position of trust to safely, effectively train and transition recruits into military service. In this context, ineffective or inappropriate behavior by instructors has been shown to impact trainee mental health, unit cohesion, and integration (Foran & Adler, 2013). Abuse of power, specifically exploitative and criminally and sexually abusive behavior by even a small number of instructors, as occurred in United States Air Force (USAF) basic military training (BMT) between 2010 and 2012, may result in a broad loss of public trust. Assessment of suitability for these duties is not consistently pursued across military services, with scant empirical work to best target what is necessary for safe, effective service as a BMT instructor. This article describes 3 job-analytic studies conducted to identify criteria for screening NCOs for USAF military training-instructor duty, as well as planned methods for evaluation. C1 [Ogle, Alan D.; Fedotova, Anna V.] US Air Force, 559th Med Grp, Mil Training Consult Serv, United States Air Force Basic Training, Jbsa Lackland, TX 78236 USA. [Barron, Laura G.] US Air Force, Air Force Personnel Ctr, Strateg Res & Assessment, Joint Base San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ogle, AD (reprint author), US Air Force, 559th Med Grp, Mil Training Consult Serv, United States Air Force Basic Training, Bldg 6420,Room 119,1618 Truemper St, Jbsa Lackland, TX 78236 USA. EM alan.ogle@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 50 EP 63 DI 10.1037/mil0000103 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DA9HN UT WOS:000368119700005 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Hudak, AT Zajkowski, T Loudermilk, EL Schroeder, W Ellison, L Kremens, RL Holley, W Martinez, O Paxton, A Bright, BC O'Brien, JJ Hornsby, B Ichoku, C Faulring, J Gerace, A Peterson, D Mauceri, J AF Dickinson, Matthew B. Hudak, Andrew T. Zajkowski, Thomas Loudermilk, E. Louise Schroeder, Wilfrid Ellison, Luke Kremens, Robert L. Holley, William Martinez, Otto Paxton, Alexander Bright, Benjamin C. O'Brien, Joseph J. Hornsby, Benjamin Ichoku, Charles Faulring, Jason Gerace, Aaron Peterson, David Mauceri, Joseph TI Measuring radiant emissions from entire prescribed fires with ground, airborne and satellite sensors - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire behaviour; fire radiative power; MODIS; remote sensing; unmanned aircraft systems; VIIRS; WASP ID PIXEL-BASED CALCULATION; RADIATIVE POWER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; SURFACE FIRES; ACTIVE FIRES; MODIS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; ENERGY AB Characterising radiation from wildland fires is an important focus of fire science because radiation relates directly to the combustion process and can be measured across a wide range of spatial extents and resolutions. As part of a more comprehensive set of measurements collected during the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research (RxCADRE) field campaign, we used ground, airborne and spaceborne sensors to measure fire radiative power (FRP) from whole fires, applying different methods to small (2 ha) and large (>100 ha) burn blocks. For small blocks (n = 6), FRP estimated from an obliquely oriented long-wave infrared (LWIR) camera mounted on a boom lift were compared with FRP derived from combined data from tower-mounted radiometers and remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS). For large burn blocks (n = 3), satellite FRP measurements from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensors were compared with near-coincident FRP measurements derived from a LWIR imaging system aboard a piloted aircraft. We describe measurements and consider their strengths and weaknesses. Until quantitative sensors exist for small RPAS, their use in fire research will remain limited. For oblique, airborne and satellite sensors, further FRP measurement development is needed along with greater replication of coincident measurements, which we show to be feasible. C1 [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Bright, Benjamin C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Zajkowski, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Loudermilk, E. Louise; O'Brien, Joseph J.; Hornsby, Benjamin] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Southern Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ellison, Luke; Ichoku, Charles] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ellison, Luke] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Kremens, Robert L.; Faulring, Jason; Gerace, Aaron; Mauceri, Joseph] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Holley, William; Martinez, Otto; Paxton, Alexander] US Air Force, Niceville, FL 32542 USA. [Peterson, David] CNR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; peterson, david/L-2350-2016; OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11] FX We thank the Eglin AFB fire management staff, particularly Kevin Hiers, Brett Williams and the fire crews for their supreme competence in prescribed burning and logistical coordination. We also thank the many scientists and support staff not included in this paper whose work and collaboration made the RxCADRE project possible, particularly Roger Ottmar who led the effort and Dan Jimenez who facilitated agreements and funding. It is with sadness and gratitude that we note the loss of Dr Otto Martinez and Mr. Bill Holley of the Eglin AFB Digital Video Laboratory. Otto and Bill were central to the planning and implementation of the complex RxCADRE airborne operations and, in addition, they coordinated RPAS operations that included multiple platforms and managed real-time data collection and display. The 2012 RxCADRE campaign was made possible by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #11-2-1-11), and longer-term support from the US Forest Service, National Fire Plan, Joint Fire Science Program and NASA was critical for getting the RxCADRE project started. Thanks to Ellen Eberhardt and several anonymous reviewers for their input on the manuscript. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1071/WF15090 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100005 ER PT J AU Clements, CB Lareau, NP Seto, D Contezac, J Davis, B Teske, C Zajkowski, TJ Hudak, AT Bright, BC Dickinson, MB Butler, BW Jimenez, D Hiers, JK AF Clements, Craig B. Lareau, Neil P. Seto, Daisuke Contezac, Jonathan Davis, Braniff Teske, Casey Zajkowski, Thomas J. Hudak, Andrew T. Bright, Benjamin C. Dickinson, Matthew B. Butler, Bret W. Jimenez, Daniel Hiers, J. Kevin TI Fire weather conditions and fire-atmosphere interactions observed during low-intensity prescribed fires - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Doppler lidar; micrometeorology ID DOPPLER LIDAR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; PLUME C1 [Clements, Craig B.; Lareau, Neil P.; Seto, Daisuke; Contezac, Jonathan; Davis, Braniff] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, Fire Weather Res Lab, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Teske, Casey] Univ Montana, Natl Ctr Landscape Fire Anal, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zajkowski, Thomas J.] USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Bright, Benjamin C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Butler, Bret W.; Jimenez, Daniel] USDA Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] US Air Force, Wildland Fire Ctr, Niceville, FL USA. RP Clements, CB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, Fire Weather Res Lab, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM craig.clements@sjsu.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1151930] FX The authors would like to acknowledge many individuals from Eglin Air Force Base Jackson Guard who helped us meet our specific research goals, including Keith Hawk, David Grimm and Brett Williams, who was the overall incident commander for the experiments. In addition, we would like to acknowledge Wyndam Lewis and Richard Bagley for their help in the field. The meteorological measurement campaign was supported by funding from the Joint Fire Science Program (project no. 11-2-1-11) and the National Science Foundation (AGS-1151930). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1071/WF14173 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100008 ER PT J AU Zajkowski, TJ Dickinson, MB Hiers, JK Holley, W Williams, BW Paxton, A Martinez, O Walker, GW AF Zajkowski, Thomas J. Dickinson, Matthew B. Hiers, J. Kevin Holley, William Williams, Brett W. Paxton, Alexander Martinez, Otto Walker, Gregory W. TI Evaluation and use of remotely piloted aircraft systems for operations and research - RxCADRE 2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Aeryon Scout; black carbon; concept of operations (CONOPS); fixed-wing aircraft; G2R; remote sensing; rotor aircraft; ScanEagle; thermal imagery; three-dimensional wind; unmanned aircraft systems; vertical takeoff and landing AB Small remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), also known as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), are expected to provide important contributions to wildland fire operations and research, but their evaluation and use have been limited. Our objectives were to leverage US Air Force-controlled airspace to (1) deploy RPAS in support of the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research (RxCADRE) project campaign objectives, including fire progression at multiple scales and (2) assess tactical deployment of multiple RPAS with manned flights in support of incident management. We report here on planning for the missions, including the logistics of integrating RPAS into a complex operations environment, specifications of the aircraft and their measurements, execution of the missions and considerations for future missions. Deployments of RPAS ranged both in time aloft and in size, from the Aeryon Scout quadcopter to the fixed-wing G2R and ScanEagle UAS. Real-time video feeds to incident command staff supported prescribed fire operations and a concept of operations (a planning exercise) was implemented and evaluated for fires in large and small burn blocks. RPAS measurements included visible and long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagery, black carbon, air temperature, relative humidity and three-dimensional wind speed and direction. C1 [Zajkowski, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin; Williams, Brett W.] Air Force Wildland Fire Ctr, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Holley, William; Paxton, Alexander; Martinez, Otto] US Air Force, Niceville, FL 32542 USA. [Walker, Gregory W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Ctr Unmanned Aircraft Syst Integrat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zajkowski, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Inst Transportat Res & Educ, Centennial Campus,Box 8601, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_zajkowski@ncsu.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU Joint Fire Science Program [11-2-1-11] FX We thank the Eglin Air Force Base prescribed fire staff for their high level of competence and willingness to support research operations. We also thank the many scientists and support staff not included as authors on this paper but whose work and collaboration made the RxCADRE project possible - particularly Roger Ottmar, who led the effort, and Dan Jimenez, who facilitated agreements and funding. The 2012 RxCADRE campaign was made possible by grant #11-2-1-11 from the Joint Fire Science Program and longer-term support from the Department of Defence, US Forest Service, National Fire Plan, Joint Fire Science Program, and NASA were critical for getting the RxCADRE project started. The use of product or trade names in this document does not represent endorsement by the USA Government or its agents or authors; the product and trade names are included for informational purposes only. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1071/WF14176 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DA3VH UT WOS:000367727100010 ER PT J AU Liu, T Pond, K AF Liu, Tony Pond, Kevin TI Modeling and estimating continuous Improvised Explosive Device supply chain behavior SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Counter-Improvised Explosive Device; supply chain; differential equations; least squares; parameter estimation; optimization AB Over a given period of time, coalition forces can collect data on the number of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) that are found or detonated. However, the number of IEDs emplaced and in construction, as well as the rates in which IEDs are moving throughout the supply chain, remains unknown. We show that using the data on IEDs detonated and found, we can mathematically estimate the behavior of the entire supply chain, thus providing estimates on previously unknown aspects of the IED supply chain. This provides useful information on the unobservable parts of the supply chain and offers better metrics for gauging the effectiveness of counter-IED efforts. C1 [Liu, Tony; Pond, Kevin] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pond, K (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.pond@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1177/1548512914550209 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA5IF UT WOS:000367836000006 ER PT J AU Hefty, KE Dickey, TM Gallagher, MA Garcia, FE AF Hefty, Kiley E. Dickey, Thomas M. Gallagher, Mark A. Garcia, Fred E., II TI Modeling a nuclear detonation in a conventional campaign simulation SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Policy analysis; discrete event simulation; military applications AB Military analysts use large simulation models to evaluate potential conventional wars. The proliferation of nuclear weapons has increased the potential for one or a few of them to be employed in a conventional conflict. While complex nuclear effects models exist, their damage levels and measures are not commensurate with what is found in conventional campaign simulations. In this article, we use simple range-to-effects approximations that can be scaled for detonation yield and height of burst (HOB) for the impact of nuclear effects on various combat unit types. We incorporate these relationships in the synthetic theater operations research model (STORM), a widely used conventional campaign simulation. We demonstrate that nuclear detonations can be integrated into campaign simulations and show the impact that a single nuclear weapon may have on conventional force operations. C1 [Hefty, Kiley E.; Dickey, Thomas M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gallagher, Mark A.] Headquarters Air Force Studies Anal & Assessments, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Garcia, Fred E., II] US Air Force, Reserve Officer Training Corps ROTC Detachment 51, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gallagher, MA (reprint author), Headquarters Air Force Studies Anal & Assessments, 1570 Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM Mark.A.Gallagher16.civ@mail.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1177/1548512915588571 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA5IF UT WOS:000367836000009 ER PT J AU Varshney, G Kanel, SR Kempisty, DM Varshney, V Agrawal, A Sahle-Demessie, E Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varshney, Gaiven Kanel, Sushil R. Kempisty, David M. Varshney, Vikas Agrawal, Abinash Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. TI Nanoscale TiO2 films and their application in remediation of organic pollutants SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Photocatalysis; TiO2 nanoparticles; Thin films; Natural solar light; Degradation; Doping; UV/visible light ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CO-DOPED TIO2; MODIFIED TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SOL-GEL METHODS; AU/TIO2 THIN-FILMS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; WATER-TREATMENT; METHYLENE-BLUE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS AB Photocatalysis is an advanced process for treatment of air, wastewater, and drinking water, the primary advantage being its ability to mineralize many pollutants. Among several nanoscale arrangements of photocatalysts, there has been a strong push to develop them as thin films because of several advantages when compared to photocatalysts in suspension form. Within this context, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding UV/vis and natural solar light photocatalysis of pollutants using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in thin film form. Various synthesis techniques for the assembly of thin films, their characterization and comprehensive experimental results demonstrating their application as photocatalysts for decomposition of organic contaminants are summarized. Finally, current state of the art is discussed with associated challenges for the deployment of thin films for water treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Varshney, Gaiven] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Kanel, Sushil R.; Kempisty, David M.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Gaiven; Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew; Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Agrawal, Abinash] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Kanel, SR (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sushil.kanel.ctr@afit.edu; varma.rajender@epa.gov; nadagouda.mallikarjuna@epa.gov FU Faculty Research Council, AFIT, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This research was supported by Faculty Research Council, AFIT, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of Department of Defense (DoD) or the U.S. Government. Authors thank Professor Mark N. Goltz (AFIT, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) for his insightful discussions during the course of this manuscript preparation and his critical reading. NR 192 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 25 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 EI 1873-3840 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 306 BP 43 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.011 PN 1 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DA0JJ UT WOS:000367483100002 ER PT J AU Abudayyeh, OK Gapp, ND Nelson, C Wilt, DM Han, SM AF Abudayyeh, Omar K. Gapp, Nathan D. Nelson, Cayla Wilt, David M. Han, Sang M. TI Silver-Carbon-Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites for Metal Contacts on Space Photovoltaic Cells SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE Composite materials; metallization; photovoltaic cells ID FUNCTIONALIZATION; COATINGS; POLYMERS AB In this paper, multiwalled carbon nanotubes are being investigated for mechanical reinforcement of metal contacts on inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells. We have focused on a silver-carbon-nanotube layer-by-layer microstructure for this study. The silver layer is electrodeposited, and the carbon nanotube layer is deposited by various methods, including electrodeposition, nanospreading, and drop casting. To increase the adhesion strength to metal and achieve efficient metal nanotube stress transfer, carbon nanotubes are chemically functionalized with carboxylic or amine groups prior to deposition. The metal-carbon-nanotube composites are characterized mechanically and electrically through nanoindentation and strain failure tests. The strain failure tests show that the conductivity can be maintained up to 42-mu m-wide microcracks in the composite layer, where the carbon nanotubes bridge the gap. C1 [Abudayyeh, Omar K.; Nelson, Cayla; Han, Sang M.] Univ New Mexico, Chem & Biol Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Abudayyeh, Omar K.; Nelson, Cayla; Han, Sang M.] Univ New Mexico, NanoSci & MicroSyst, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gapp, Nathan D.; Wilt, David M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Abudayyeh, OK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Chem & Biol Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM odayyeh@unm.edu; nathan.gapp@us.af.mil; cmnelson@unm.edu; david.wilt@kirtland.af.mil; meister@unm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-14-1-0242] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA9453-14-1-0242. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2480224 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CZ7AI UT WOS:000367251900049 ER PT J AU van Dongen, TTCF Idenburg, FJ Tan, ECTH Rasmussen, TE Hamming, JF Leenen, LPH Hoencamp, R AF van Dongen, Thijs T. C. F. Idenburg, Floris J. Tan, Edward C. T. H. Rasmussen, Todd E. Hamming, Jaap F. Leenen, Luke P. H. Hoencamp, Rigo TI Combat related vascular injuries: Dutch experiences from a role 2 MTF in Afghanistan SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE Military; Afghanistan; Training; Vascular; Shunt; Reconstruction; Repair ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; ATLS CLASSIFICATION; BATTLE CASUALTIES; HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK; GLOBAL WAR; MANAGEMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRAUMA; WOUNDS; FORCES AB Background: In a combat environment, major vascular trauma endures as the leading cause of death. The Dutch role 2 Medical Treatment Facility (MTF), provided supportive care during the mission in Uruzgan, Afghanistan. Aim of this study was to conduct detailed analysis of the admitted major haemorrhages (vascular injuries) and to compare our findings with NATO coalition partners. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study. Participants eligible for this study came from the role 2 MTF admission database, where they fitted the criteria 'Major haemorrhage (class 2 haemorrhage or more according to the ATLS1 classification) between 2006 and 2010'. Results were contrasted with studies from coalition partners. Results: The query revealed 194 casualties sustaining 208 central (60% abdominal, 40% thoracic/neck), and 99 extremity major haemorrhages leading to 1.6 major haemorrhages per casualty. Survival was significantly better (p < 0.05) in the peripheral vascular injuries cohort (96% versus 72%). Primary amputation was needed in 73/84 of lower, and in 8/15 of upper extremity major haemorrhages. Vascular repair or vascular Damage Control Surgery techniques (e.g. shunting) were used in 19/84 cases in the lower, and 7/15 in the upper extremity cohort, with a success rate of 69.2 percent. Amputation rates of coalition partners, using different inclusion and exclusion criteria, ranged from 5 to 60 percent. Conclusions: Only in a few cases genuine peripheral vascular surgery was needed (<1%). This limited number of reconstructions does not demonstrate the need for extensive skills in all areas of vascular surgery. Achieved success rate until discharge was almost 70%. Vascular damage control surgery seems effective as initial limb saving skill in a role 2 MTF. The difference in usage of definitions concerning vascular injuries in current literature warrants further assessment. For optimal analysis there is need for detailed (NATO wide) registration with uniform definitions for vascular injuries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Dongen, Thijs T. C. F.; Leenen, Luke P. H.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Div Surg, Dept Trauma, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Idenburg, Floris J.; Hoencamp, Rigo] Royal Netherlands Navy R, The Hague, Netherlands. [Idenburg, Floris J.; Hoencamp, Rigo] Med Ctr Haaglanden Bronovo, Div Surg, Dept Traumatol, The Hague, Netherlands. [Tan, Edward C. T. H.] Royal Netherlands Army, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Tan, Edward C. T. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Div Surg, Dept Surgery Trauma, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] US Air Force, Bethesda, MD USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hamming, Jaap F.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Leiden, Netherlands. RP van Dongen, TTCF (reprint author), Med Ctr Haaglanden, Div Surg, Lijnbaan 32, NL-2512 VA The Hague, Netherlands. EM thijsvandongen@ziggo.nl; f.idenburg@mchaaglanden.nl; edward.tan@radboudumc.nl; todd.e.rasmussen.mil@mail.mil; J.F.Hamming@lumc.nl; l.p.h.leenen@umcutrecht.nl; r.hoencamp@lumc.nl NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 EI 1879-0267 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2015.08.030 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA CZ8HD UT WOS:000367339900018 PM 26358515 ER PT J AU Walsh, MM Gluck, KA AF Walsh, Matthew M. Gluck, Kevin A. TI Verbalization of Decision Strategies in Multiple-Cue Probabilistic Inference SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE multiple-cue probabilistic inference; verbal protocols; process measures; take-the-best; tally; weighted additive ID PROTOCOL ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE TOOLBOX; HOMO-HEURISTICUS; TASK COMPLEXITY; PROCESS MODELS; LINEAR-MODELS; ROBUST BEAUTY; THE-BEST; CHOICE; INFORMATION AB In multiple-cue probabilistic inference, people choose between alternatives based on several cues, each of which is differentially associated with an alternative's overall value. Various strategies have been proposed for probabilistic inference (e.g., weighted additive, tally, and take-the-best). These strategies differ in how many cue values they require to enact and in how they weight each cue. Do decision makers actually use any of these strategies? Ways to investigate this question include analyzing people's choices and the cues that they reveal. However, different strategies often predict the same decisions, and search behavior says nothing about whether or how people use the information that they acquire. In this research, we attempt to elucidate which strategies participants use in amultiple-cue probabilistic inference task by examining verbal protocols, a high-density source of process data. The promise of verbal data is in their utility for testing detailed information processing models. To that end, we apply protocol analysis in conjunction with computational simulations. We find converging evidence across outcome measures, search measures, and verbal reports that most participants use simplifying heuristics, namely take-the-best. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Walsh, Matthew M.; Gluck, Kevin A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Walsh, MM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 711 HPW RHAC Cognit Models & Agents Branch,2620 Q, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mmw188@gmail.com FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award; AFRL FX This research was performed while Matthew Walsh held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award with the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Cognitive Models and Agents Branch. The authors thank AFRL for supporting this research, and they thank members of the Cognitive Models and Agents Branch for stimulating conversation and critical thinking on this topic. Special thanks to Michael Collins for transcribing the verbalizations. Rachel Boyd, Michael Collins, Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Thora Tenbrink, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on earlier versions of this paper. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-3257 EI 1099-0771 J9 J BEHAV DECIS MAKING JI J. Behav. Decis. Mak. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1002/bdm.1878 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA CZ8CY UT WOS:000367328900008 ER PT J AU Cohen, JA Sellers, A Sunil, TS Matthews, PE Okulicz, JF AF Cohen, Jared A. Sellers, Amanda Sunil, T. S. Matthews, Peter E. Okulicz, Jason F. TI Herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty US air force members with HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Human immunodeficiency virus; Herpes simplex virus; Genital herpes; Sexually transmitted infections ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-2 INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; FACTORY-WORKERS; GENITAL HERPES; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; ACQUISITION AB Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection. Methods: USAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996-2004 (n=131) and 2005-2012 (n=266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with >= 1 year of follow-up. Results: Patients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996-2004(48.8%) to 2005-2012(30.1%; P<0.01). Odds of HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly greater for non-Caucasians (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.60) and for HIV diagnosis between 1996 and 2004 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29-3.27), with a trend observed for those age >30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94-3.18). A total of 81(20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76-5.37). Conclusion: Although HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cohen, Jared A.] JBSA, Dept Internal Med, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Sellers, Amanda; Sunil, T. S.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Inst Hlth Dispar Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Matthews, Peter E.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Nellis Afb, NV USA. [Okulicz, Jason F.] JBSA, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Okulicz, JF (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jason.f.okulicz.mil@mail.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 74 BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.012 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ9BC UT WOS:000367391800002 PM 26615389 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE Pilchak, AL AF Fonda, Richard W. Knipling, Keith E. Pilchak, Adam L. TI Thermal Stir Welds in Titanium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL PURITY TITANIUM; TEMPERATURE ALPHA-PHASE; MEASURED EBSD DATA; PURE TITANIUM; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; BETA-PHASE; FRICTION; ORIENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Although conventional friction stir welding (FSW) has proven unsuccessful in joining thick sections of alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys, thermal stir welding, a variant of the FSW process in which an external heat source is used to preheat the workpiece, is demonstrated to be able to reliably join 12.3-mm-thick plates of CP titanium. This paper describes the microstructures and textures that develop in these thermal stir welds. The observed microstructure was used to reconstruct the high-temperature microstructure and texture present during the welding process and therefore reveal the genesis of the welding structures. C1 [Fonda, Richard W.; Knipling, Keith E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pilchak, Adam L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Richard.Fonda@nrl.navy.mil FU Structural Metallics programs office at the Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors would like to thank Bryant Walker and Raymond Walker of Keystone Synergistic Enterprises for providing the samples used in this study. We also acknowledge many helpful discussions with Dr. David Rowenhorst. Finally, RWF and KEK would like to thank the Structural Metallics programs office at the Office of Naval Research for their financial support, and ALP would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47A IS 1 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-3218-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DA0DY UT WOS:000367468100036 ER PT J AU Patterson, AT Kaffenberger, BH Keller, RA Elston, DM AF Patterson, Andrew T. Kaffenberger, Benjamin H. Keller, Richard A. Elston, Dirk M. TI Skin diseases associated with Agent Orange and other organochlorine exposures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Agent Orange; chloracne; dioxin exposure; organochlorine; skin disease; veteran; Vietnam; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; PORPHYRIA-CUTANEA-TARDA; CHEMICAL CORPS VIETNAM; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; AIR-FORCE VETERANS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD INTOXICATION; TRICHLOROPHENOL PROCESS ACCIDENT; CHRONIC HEPATIC PORPHYRIA; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA AB Organochlorine exposure is an important cause of cutaneous and systemic toxicity. Exposure has been associated with industrial accidents, intentional poisoning, and the use of defoliants, such as Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. Although long-term health effects are systematically reviewed by the Institute of Medicine, skin diseases are not comprehensively assessed. This represents an important practice gap as patients can present with cutaneous findings. This article provides a systematic review of the cutaneous manifestations of known mass organochlorine exposures in military and industrial settings with the goal of providing clinically useful recommendations for dermatologists seeing patients inquiring about organochlorine effects. Patients with a new diagnosis of chloracne, porphyria cutanea tarda, cutaneous lymphomas (non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and soft-tissue sarcomas including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and leiomyosarcomas should be screened for a history of Vietnam service or industrial exposure. Inconclusive evidence exists for an increased risk of other skin diseases in Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange including benign fatty tumors, melanomas, nonmelanoma skin cancers, milia, eczema, dyschromias, disturbance of skin sensation, and rashes not otherwise specified. Affected veterans should be informed of the uncertain data in those cases. Referral to Department of Veterans Affairs for disability assessment is indicated for conditions with established associations. C1 [Patterson, Andrew T.; Kaffenberger, Benjamin H.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Div Dermatol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Patterson, Andrew T.] US Air Force, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Keller, Richard A.] US Air Force, Audie L Murphy Vet Hosp, Dermatol, Washington, DC USA. [Elston, Dirk M.] Ackerman Acad Dermatopathol, New York, NY USA. [Elston, Dirk M.] US Army, New York, NY USA. RP Kaffenberger, BH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dermatol, 915 Olentangy River Rd,Suite 4000, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM Benjamin.Kaffenberger@osumc.edu NR 143 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 20 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 74 IS 1 BP 143 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.006 PG 28 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA CZ4IF UT WOS:000367066000024 PM 26210237 ER PT J AU Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M AF Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Waveform Design for Radar STAP in Signal Dependent Interference SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Alternating minimization; Capon beamformer; constant modulus; convex optimization; proximal algorithms; regularization; space time adaptive radar; waveform design; waveform scheduling ID RECEIVE FILTER; ALTERNATING MINIMIZATION; CALCULATING DERIVATIVES; ADAPTIVE RADAR; CONVERGENCE; CLUTTER; OPTIMIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; INFORMATION AB Waveform design is a pivotal component of the fully adaptive radar construct. In this paper, we consider waveform design for radar space time adaptive processing (STAP), accounting for the waveform dependence of the clutter correlation matrix. Due to this dependence, in general, the joint problem of receiver filter optimization and radar waveform design becomes an intractable, nonconvex optimization problem, Nevertheless, it is, however, shown to be individually convex either in the filter or in the waveform variables. We derive constrained versions of a) the alternating minimization algorithm, b) proximal alternating minimization, and c) the constant modulus alternating minimization, which, at each step, iteratively optimizes either the STAP filter or the waveform independently. A fast and slow time model permits waveform design in radar STAP, but the primary bottleneck is the computational complexity of the algorithms. C1 [Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Setlur, Pawan; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Setlur, P (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM pawan.setlur.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; muralidhar.rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. AFOSR [13RY10COR] FX The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Joseph Tabrikian. This work was sponsored by U.S. AFOSR under project 13RY10COR. All views and opinions expressed here are the authors own and does not constitute endorsement from the Department of Defense. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1109/TSP.2015.2451114 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CZ0ZD UT WOS:000366834300002 ER PT J AU Guy, MR Guild, EM Young, JW Sheets, IO Pitz, GA AF Guy, M. R. Guild, E. M. Young, J. W. Sheets, I. O. Pitz, G. A. TI Pressure induced hyperfine shift and broadening rates of the 5(2)S(1/2)-> 6(2)P(1/2) and 5(2)S(1/2) -> 6(2)P(3/2) transitions of rubidium with He, Ar, CH4, and C2H6 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Laser; Spectroscopy; Rubidium; Diode pumped alkali laser ID GASES; LINES; D-1; RB AB Pressure induced broadening and spectral shift rates have been resolved for the two ground state hyperfine lines in the 5(2)S(1/2) -> 6(2)P(1/2) and 5(2)S(1/2) -> 6(2)P(3/2) of Rb-85 and Rb-87 in the presence of 5-50 Tort of helium, argon, methane, and ethane. Broadening rates averaged over the hyperfine components, for the P-1/2 transition for He, Ar, CH4, and C2H6 are 60.2, 45.2, 63.8, and 60.4 MHz/Torr, respectively and 50.4, 42.4, 62.0, and 60.4 MHz/Torr for the P-3/2 transition. Average spectral shift rates for the P-1/2 transition were found to be 15.7, -11.5, -18.1, and -19.9 MHz/Tort for He, Ar, CH4, and C2H6, respectively, and 3.1, - 12.6,-21..8, and -19.9 MHz/Torr for the P-3/2 transition. Deviation in broadening and shift rates between hyperfine lines was found to be as high as 16 and 7.6 MHz/Torr respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Guy, M. R.; Young, J. W.; Sheets, I. O.; Pitz, G. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Guild, E. M.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Pitz, GA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rdlaordmailbox@kirtland.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 169 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.09.004 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CZ0AL UT WOS:000366767400002 ER PT J AU Venkatakrishnan, SV Drummy, LF Jackson, MA Bouman, CA Simmons, JP De Graef, M AF Venkatakrishnan, S. V. Drummy, L. F. Jackson, M. A. Bouman, C. A. Simmons, J. P. De Graef, M. TI A phantom-based forward projection approach in support of model-based iterative reconstructions for HAADF-STEM tomography SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE High angle annular dark field; Nano-particles; Forward model; Image simulation; Tomographic reconstruction ID OPTIMIZATION; FRAMEWORK; CT AB We introduce a forward model for the computation of high angle annular dark field (HAADF) images of nano-crystalline spherical particles and apply it to image simulations for assemblies of nano-spheres of Al, Cu, and Au with a range of sizes, as well as an artificial bi-sphere, consisting of solid hemispheres of Al and Cu or Al and Au. Comparison of computed intensity profiles with experimental observations on Al spheres at different microscope accelerating voltages provides confidence in the forward model. Simulated tomographic tilt series for both HAADF and bright field (BF) images are then used to illustrate that the model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) approach is capable of reconstructing sphere configurations of mixed atomic number, with the correct relative reconstructed intensity ratio proportional to the square of the atomic number ratio. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Venkatakrishnan, S. V.; Bouman, C. A.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Drummy, L. F.; Simmons, J. P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jackson, M. A.] BlueQuartz Software, Springboro, OH 45066 USA. [De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM svenkata@purdue.edu; lawrence.drummy@us.af.mil; bouman@purdue.edu; mike.jackson@bluequartz.net; Jeff.Simmons@wpafb.af.mil; degraef@cmu.edu OI Venkatakrishnan, Singanallur/0000-0002-7637-4987 FU AFOSR/MURI [FA9550-12-1-0458]; AFRL under Broad Spectrum Engineered Materials contract (UES, Inc.); Electronic Imaging component of ICMD program of Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of Air Force Research Laboratory FX S.V. Venkatakrishnan and C.A. Bouman were supported by an AFOSR/MURI Grant #FA9550-12-1-0458, by AFRL under the Broad Spectrum Engineered Materials contract (UES, Inc.), and by the Electronic Imaging component of the ICMD program of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Andrew Rosenberger, program manager. M. De Graef was partially supported by AFRL under the Broad Spectrum Engineered Materials contract (UES, Inc.) and partially by an AFOSR/MURI Grant #FA9550-12-1-0458. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for multiple suggestions that have improved our paper through several revisions. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 2016 VL 160 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.09.008 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CY2DZ UT WOS:000366220300002 PM 26409683 ER PT J AU Hanchak, MS Vangsness, MD Ervin, JS Byrd, LW AF Hanchak, Michael S. Vangsness, Marlin D. Ervin, Jamie S. Byrd, Larry W. TI Model and experiments of the transient evolution of a thin, evaporating liquid film SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Thin film; Reflectometry; Transient; Lubrication theory; Kinetic evaporation; Disjoining pressure ID EXTENDED MENISCUS; CONTACT LINE; COEFFICIENT AB Experimental thickness profiles of evaporating thin films of n-octane and n-heptane on silicon were recorded using reflectometry. These films ranged from approximately ten nanometers thick in the adsorbed region to several micrometers thick in the meniscus region. For steady-state measurements, the reflectometer was traversed along the film to give thickness versus horizontal distance. For transient measurements, the reflectometer was fixed at several points as thickness was measured over time. While film thickness and substrate temperature measurements are practical, those of the evaporative flux profile and total heat transfer are not. Hence, a numerical model was formulated based on transient lubrication theory and modified to include kinetic evaporation and disjoining pressure. The model uses an ordinary differential equation solver to advance the governing equations in time with staggered finite differences for the spatial derivatives. Good correlation of the transient film thickness was achieved between the simulations and experiments. Thus, we have confidence in the inferred evaporative flux profiles and liquid-vapor interface temperatures. With this information, instantaneous heat transfer coefficients were derived for the entirety of the thin film region. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanchak, Michael S.; Vangsness, Marlin D.; Ervin, Jamie S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanchak, MS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM michael.hanchak.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX04COR] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. 12RX04COR. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 BP 757 EP 765 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.051 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA CW3ID UT WOS:000364884500071 ER PT J AU Kumar, J Kichambare, P Rai, AK Bhattacharya, R Rodrigues, S Subramanyam, G AF Kumar, Jitendra Kichambare, Padmakar Rai, Amarendra K. Bhattacharya, Rabi Rodrigues, Stanley Subramanyam, Guru TI A high performance ceramic-polymer separator for lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Ceramic/polymer/ceramic hybrid separator; Charge-transfer resistance; Lithium plating/stripping; Voltage polarization; Dendrite proof separator; Lithium batteries ID ION BATTERIES; AIR BATTERY; ELECTROLYTE; MEMBRANES; ANODE AB A three-layered (ceramic-polymer-ceramic) hybrid separator was prepared by coating ceramic electrolyte [lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP)] over both sides of polyethylene (PE) polymer membrane using electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technique. Ionic conductivities of membranes were evaluated after soaking PE and LAGP/PE/LAGP membranes in a 1 Molar (1M) lithium hexafluroarsenate (LiAsF6) electrolyte in ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) in volume ratio (1:1:1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to evaluate morphology and structure of the separators before and after cycling performance tests to better understand structure-property correlation. As compared to regular PE separator, LAGP/PE/LAGP hybrid separator showed: (i) higher liquid electrolyte uptake, (ii) higher ionic conductivity, (iii) lower interfacial resistance with lithium and (iv) lower cell voltage polarization during lithium cycling at high current density of 1.3 mA cm(-2) at room temperature. The enhanced performance is attributed to higher liquid uptake, LAGP-assisted faster ion conduction and dendrite prevention. Optimization of density and thickness of LAG layer on PE or other membranes through manipulation of PVD deposition parameters will enable practical applications of this novel hybrid separator in rechargeable lithium batteries with high energy, high power, longer cycle life, and higher safety level. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Jitendra] Univ Dayton, Electrochem Energy Syst Lab, ETM Div, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kichambare, Padmakar; Rodrigues, Stanley] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rai, Amarendra K.; Bhattacharya, Rabi] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electrochem Energy Syst Lab, ETM Div, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jitendra.kumar@udri.udayton.edu FU University of Dayton Research Institute; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton FX J.K. gratefully acknowledges the financial support by University of Dayton Research Institute and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 31 U2 188 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 301 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.117 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CW5TW UT WOS:000365060500025 ER PT J AU Vernon, PJ Schaub, LJ Dallelucca, JJ Pusateri, AE Sheppard, FR AF Vernon, Philip J. Schaub, Leasha J. Dallelucca, Jurandir J. Pusateri, Anthony E. Sheppard, Forest R. TI Rapid Detection of Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Capacity is Predictive of Whole Blood Cytokine Responses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; NADPH OXIDASE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; MECHANISMS; DISEASE; DIFFERENTIATION; ACCUMULATION; SHOCK AB Background Maladaptive immune responses, particularly cytokine and chemokine-driven, are a significant contributor to the deleterious inflammation present in many types of injury and infection. Widely available applications to rapidly assess individual inflammatory capacity could permit identification of patients at risk for exacerbated immune responses and guide therapy. Here we evaluate neutrophil oxidative burst (NOX) capacity measured by plate reader to immuno-type Rhesus Macaques as an acute strategy to rapidly detect inflammatory capacity and predict maladaptive immune responses as assayed by cytokine array. Methods Whole blood was collected from anesthetized Rhesus Macaques (n = 25) and analyzed for plasma cytokine secretion (23-plex Luminex assay) and NOX capacity. For cytokine secretion, paired samples were either unstimulated or ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated (100 mu g/mL/24h). NOX capacity was measured in dihydrorhodamine-123 loaded samples following phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin treatment. Pearson's test was utilized to correlate NOX capacity with cytokine secretion, p< 0.05 considered significant. Results LPS stimulation induced secretion of the inflammatory molecules G-CSF, IL-1 beta, IL-1RA, IL6, IL-10, IL-12/23(p40), IL-18, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and TNF alpha. Although values were variable, several cytokines correlated with NOX capacity, p-values <= 0.0001. Specifically, IL-1 beta (r = 0.66), IL-6 (r = 0.74), the Th1-polarizing cytokine IL-12/23(p40) (r = 0.78), and TNF alpha (r = 0.76) were strongly associated with NOX. Conclusion NOX capacity correlated with Th1-polarizing cytokine secretion, indicating its ability to rapidly predict inflammatory responses. These data suggest that NOX capacity may quickly identify patients at risk for maladaptive immune responses and who may benefit from immuno-modulatory therapies. Future studies will assess the in-vivo predictive value of NOX in animal models of immune-mediated pathologies. C1 [Vernon, Philip J.; Schaub, Leasha J.; Sheppard, Forest R.] JBSA Ft Sam Houston, Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Dallelucca, Jurandir J.] US Air Force, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Pusateri, Anthony E.] US Army, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Sheppard, FR (reprint author), JBSA Ft Sam Houston, Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM forest.r.sheppard.mil@mail.mil FU Department of Defense (DOD) Office of Naval Research (ONR) [G1017] FX This study was supported from funds from the Department of Defense (DOD) Office of Naval Research (ONR) under the work unit number G1017. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0146105 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146105 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DA0TN UT WOS:000367510500135 PM 26716449 ER PT J AU Webster, PT Riordan, NA Liu, S Steenbergen, EH Synowicki, RA Zhang, YH Johnson, SR AF Webster, P. T. Riordan, N. A. Liu, S. Steenbergen, E. H. Synowicki, R. A. Zhang, Y. -H. Johnson, S. R. TI Measurement of InAsSb bandgap energy and InAs/InAsSb band edge positions using spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; KRONIG-PENNEY MODEL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; III-V; SUPERLATTICES; GAAS; GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; INAS1-XSBX; FORMALISM AB The structural and optical properties of lattice-matched InAs0.911Sb0.089 bulk layers and strain-balanced InAs/InAs1-xSbx (x similar to 0.1-0.4) superlattices grown on (100)-oriented GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy are examined using X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and temperature dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photoluminescence and ellipsometry measurements determine the ground state bandgap energy and the X-ray diffraction measurements determine the layer thickness and mole fraction of the structures studied. Detailed modeling of the X-ray diffraction data is employed to quantify unintentional incorporation of approximately 1% Sb into the InAs layers of the superlattices. A Kronig-Penney model of the superlattice miniband structure is used to analyze the valence band offset between InAs and InAsSb, and hence the InAsSb band edge positions at each mole fraction. The resulting composition dependence of the bandgap energy and band edge positions of InAsSb are described using the bandgap bowing model; the respective low and room temperature bowing parameters for bulk InAsSb are 938 and 750 meV for the bandgap, 558 and 383 meV for the conduction band, and -380 and -367 meV for the valence band. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Webster, P. T.; Riordan, N. A.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. -H.; Johnson, S. R.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Webster, P. T.; Riordan, N. A.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. -H.; Johnson, S. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Steenbergen, E. H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Synowicki, R. A.] JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Johnson, SR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM shane.johnson@asu.edu OI Liu, Shi/0000-0003-2010-2453 FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI program [W911NF-10-1-0524] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Army Research Office MURI program, Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0524. The authors also acknowledge the use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 24 AR 245706 DI 10.1063/1.4939293 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DA1CY UT WOS:000367535100054 ER PT J AU Adomanis, BM Resnick, PJ Burckel, DB AF Adomanis, Bryan M. Resnick, Paul J. Burckel, D. Bruce TI Reconciling measured scattering response of 3D metamaterials with simulation SO EPJ APPLIED METAMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 3D Metamaterials; Split Ring Resonator; Micro Fabrication ID 3-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS; FABRICATION; RESONATORS; OPTICS AB Membrane projection lithography is used to create 3-dimensional unit cells in a silicon matrix decorated with metallic inclusions. The structures show pronounced resonances in the 4-16 mu m wavelength range and demonstrate direct coupling to the magnetic field of a normally incident transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, a behavior only possible for vertically oriented resonators. Qualitative agreement between rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulation and measured scattering response is shown. COMSOL simulations show that slight variations in both metallic inclusion and silicon unit cell physical dimensions can have large impact in the scattering response, so that design for manufacture of 3D metamaterial structures for applications should be done with care. C1 [Adomanis, Bryan M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Resnick, Paul J.; Burckel, D. Bruce] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adomanis, BM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dbburck@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2272-2394 J9 EPJ APPL METAMATERIA JI EPJ Appl. Metamaterials PD DEC 23 PY 2015 VL 2 AR 9 DI 10.1051/epjam/2015015 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DA0YQ UT WOS:000367523900005 ER PT J AU Panasyuk, GY Yerkes, KL AF Panasyuk, George Y. Yerkes, Kirk L. TI Modeling the quasistatic energy transport between nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EXACTLY SOLVABLE MODEL; BROWNIAN-MOTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICON NANOWIRES; LANGEVIN EQUATION; THERMAL BATH; HEAT; DERIVATION; CHAIN; WIRES AB We consider phononic energy transport between nanoparticles mediated by a quantum particle. The nanoparticles are considered as thermal reservoirs described by ensembles of finite numbers of harmonic oscillators within the Drude-Ullersma model having, in general, unequal mode spacings Lambda(1) and Lambda(2), which amount to different numbers of atoms in the nanoparticles. The quasistatic energy transport between the nanoparticles on the time scale t similar to 1/Delta(1,2) is investigated using the generalized quantum Langevin equation. We find that double degeneracy of system's eigenfrequencies, which occurs in the case of identical nanoparticles, is removed when the mode spacings become unequal. The equations describing the dynamics of the averaged eigenmode energies are derived and solved, and the resulting expression for the energy current between the nanoparticles is obtained and explored. Unlike the case when the thermodynamic limit is assumed resulting in time-independent energy current, finite-size effects result in temporal behavior of the energy current that evinces reversibility features combined with decay and possesses peculiarities at time moments t = 2 pi n/Delta(1) + 2 pi m/Delta(2) for non-negative integers n and m. When Delta(1,2) -> 0, an expression for the heat current obtained previously under assumption of the thermodynamic limit is reproduced. The energy current between two platinum nanoparticles mediated by a carbon oxide molecule is considered as an application of the developed model. C1 [Panasyuk, George Y.; Yerkes, Kirk L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Panasyuk, GY (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.panasyuk.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors acknowledge that this research was funded by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC 22 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 062138 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.062138 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CZ4OD UT WOS:000367081600002 PM 26764663 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, J Liang, HB Soref, R Mu, JW AF Hendrickson, Joshua Liang, Haibo Soref, Richard Mu, Jianwei TI Electrically actuated phase-change pixels for transmissive and reflective spatial light modulators in the near and mid infrared SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL; SILICON; PATTERNS; BEAM AB Transmissive and reflective spatial light modulators have been designed and simulated for the 1.55 to 2.10 mu m spectral region. An electrically actuated layer of phase-change material (PCM) was employed as the electro-optical medium for two-state self-holding "light-to-dark" intensity modulation of free-space light beams. The PCM was sandwiched between transparent conductive N-doped Si or indium tin oxide contact layers in a simple planar structure. A 100 to 500 nm PCM layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) was employed for optimum performance at 1.55 mu m where the transmissive-modulator insertion loss was around 4.5 dB. The GST light-dark contrast was found to be 32 dB. For the GST reflection device, an included metal film (Ag) improved the 1.55 mu m performance metrics to 0.7 dB of insertion loss with a contrast around 26 dB. The calculated performance for both types of spatial light modulators was robust to changes in the input incidence angle near normal incidence. Applications include infrared scene generation and signal processing. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liang, Haibo] McMaster Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Mu, Jianwei] MIT, Microphoton Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mu, Jianwei] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM soref@rcn.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [15RYCOR159, FA9550-14-1-0196]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (15RYCOR159, FA9550-14-1-0196); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 36 BP 10698 EP 10704 DI 10.1364/AO.54.010698 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ2CZ UT WOS:000366913900022 PM 26837038 ER PT J AU Hakkila, J Lien, A Sakamoto, T Morris, D Neff, JE Giblin, TW AF Hakkila, Jon Lien, Amy Sakamoto, Takanori Morris, David Neff, James E. Giblin, Timothy W. TI SWIFT OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BURST PULSE SHAPES: GRB PULSE SPECTRAL EVOLUTION CLARIFIED SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; methods: statistical ID HARDNESS EVOLUTION; PROMPT EMISSION; INTERNAL SHOCK; FLARES; LONG; COMPONENT; BRIGHT; SHELLS; WIDTH; LAG AB Isolated Swift gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses, like their higher-energy BATSE counterparts, emit the bulk of their pulsed emission as a hard-to-soft component that can be fitted by the Norris et al. empirical pulse model. This signal is overlaid by a fainter, three-peaked signal that can be modeled by the residual fit of Hakkila & Preece: the two fits combine to reproduce GRB pulses with distinctive three-peaked shapes. The precursor peak appears on or before the pulse rise and is often the hardest component, the central peak is the brightest, and the decay peak converts exponentially decaying emission into a long, soft, power-law tail. Accounting for systematic instrumental differences, the general characteristics of the fitted pulses are remarkably similar. Isolated GRB pulses are dominated by hard-to-soft evolution; this is more pronounced for asymmetric pulses than for symmetric ones. Isolated GRB pulses can also exhibit intensity tracking behaviors that, when observed, are tied to the timing of the three peaks: pulses with the largest maximum hardnesses are hardest during the precursor, those with smaller maximum hardnesses are hardest during the central peak, and all pulses can re-harden during the central peak and/or during the decay peak. Since these behaviors are essentially seen in all isolated pulses, the distinction between "hard-to-soft and "intensity-tracking" pulses really no longer applies. Additionally, the triple-peaked nature of isolated GRB pulses seems to indicate that energy is injected on three separate occasions during the pulse duration: theoretical pulse models need to account for this. C1 [Hakkila, Jon] Univ Charleston South Carolina, Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Lien, Amy; Sakamoto, Takanori] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lien, Amy; Sakamoto, Takanori] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lien, Amy] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Sakamoto, Takanori] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Tokyo 150, Japan. [Morris, David] Univ Virgin Isl, Dept Phys, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Neff, James E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Giblin, Timothy W.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hakkila, J (reprint author), Univ Charleston South Carolina, Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. EM hakkilaj@cofc.edu FU NASA EPSCoR grant [NNX13AD28A] FX We would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of the anonymous referee, as these greatly helped to improve the manuscript. This work has been supported by NASA EPSCoR grant NNX13AD28A. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 815 IS 2 AR 134 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/134 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CZ5OG UT WOS:000367151300054 ER PT J AU Polito, AB Maurer-Gardner, EI Hussain, SM AF Polito, Anthony B., III Maurer-Gardner, Elizabeth I. Hussain, Saber M. TI Surface chemistry manipulation of gold nanorods preserves optical properties for bio-imaging applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gold nanorods; Coatings; Biocompatible materials; Optical properties; Imaging ID CELLULAR UPTAKE; PROTEIN CORONA; CANCER-CELLS; TANNIC-ACID; IN-VITRO; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; NANOMATERIALS; TOXICITY; A549 AB Due to their anisotropic shape, gold nanorods (GNRs) possess a number of advantages for biosystem use including, enhanced surface area and tunable optical properties within the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide-related cytotoxicity, overall poor cellular uptake following surface chemistry modifications, and loss of NIR optical properties due to material intracellular aggregation in combination remain as obstacles for nanobased biomedical GNR applications. In this article, we report that tannic acid-coated 11-mercaptoundecyl trimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) GNRs (MTAB-TA) show no significant decrease in either in vitro cell viability or stress activation after exposures to A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, MTAB-TA GNRs demonstrate a substantial level of cellular uptake while displaying a unique intracellular clustering pattern. This clustering pattern significantly reduces intracellular aggregation, preserving the GNRs NIR optical properties, vital for biomedical imaging applications. These results demonstrate how surface chemistry modifications enhance biocompatibility, allow for higher rate of internalization with low intracellular aggregation of MTAB-TA GNRs, and identify them as prime candidates for use in nanobased bio-imaging applications. C1 [Polito, Anthony B., III; Maurer-Gardner, Elizabeth I.; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Polito, Anthony B., III] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Mol Bioeffects Branch, 711 HPW RHDJ,2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@us.af.mil FU Air Force Surgeon General Clinical Investigations Program; Henry Jackson Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Surgeon General Clinical Investigations Program. Ms EI Maurer-Gardner is funded through the Henry Jackson Foundation. The authors would like to acknowledge Wright State University's Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program. The authors express their gratitude for the helpful suggestions of Dr LK Stolle. Distribution A. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. (P.A. Case No. 88-ABW-2014-6080). NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD DEC 18 PY 2015 VL 17 IS 12 AR 485 DI 10.1007/s11051-015-3162-7 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CZ3JM UT WOS:000367000400001 ER PT J AU Bhowmik, R Berry, RJ Varshney, V Durstock, MF Leever, BJ AF Bhowmik, Rahul Berry, Rajiv J. Varshney, Vikas Durstock, Michael F. Leever, Benjamin J. TI Molecular Modeling of Interfaces between Hole Transport and Active Layers in Flexible Organic Electronic Devices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; PSS THIN-FILMS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FORCE-FIELD; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BULK HETEROJUNCTIONS; POLYMER; FULLERENE; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION AB Molecular modeling methods are used to understand the interfacial properties between the hole-transport and active layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The hole-transport layer (HTL) consists of a blend of poly(styrene-sulfonate) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), whereas the active layer (AL) consists of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). Simulation results on the HTL confirm the interpenetrating lamellar structure with alternating PSS and PEDOT domains as observed in experiments. In addition, interfacial results show high PCBM interactions with the HTL, which result in PCBM migration to the HTL surface. The observed PCBM concentration profile is discussed from the perspective of attractive interactions, and it is shown that these interactions are governed by the side chain of PCBM. Calculations also suggest that OPV device performance could be improved by, for example, increasing the number of benzene rings and backbone -CH2- groups in the PCBM side chain, which would be expected to reduce PCBM concentration at the HTL surface. The results yield important insights into molecular interactions associated with the HTL and AL interfaces that contribute to final device morphology and thus provide guidelines toward materials design approaches for optimized device performance. C1 [Bhowmik, Rahul; Berry, Rajiv J.; Varshney, Vikas; Durstock, Michael F.; Leever, Benjamin J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bhowmik, Rahul] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Leever, BJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. We acknowledge the use of the Department of Defense's supercomputing resources and the Consolidated Customer Assistance Center. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 50 BP 27909 EP 27918 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b09765 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CZ1PT UT WOS:000366878500005 ER PT J AU Hoisington, AJ Brenner, LA Kinney, KA Postolache, TT Lowry, CA AF Hoisington, Andrew J. Brenner, Lisa A. Kinney, Kerry A. Postolache, Teodor T. Lowry, Christopher A. TI The microbiome of the built environment and mental health SO MICROBIOME LA English DT Review DE Bioinformed design; Built environment; Disease; Inflammation; Mental health; Microbiome; Neuropsychiatric disease; Psychiatric; Stress ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA NTM; T-CELL RESPONSES; GUT-BRAIN AXIS; LACTOBACILLUS-HELVETICUS; PROPIDIUM MONOAZIDE; BUILDING-MATERIALS; SKIN MICROBIOTA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE AB The microbiome of the built environment (MoBE) is a relatively new area of study. While some knowledge has been gained regarding impacts of the MoBE on the human microbiome and disease vulnerability, there is little knowledge of the impacts of the MoBE on mental health. Depending on the specific microbial species involved, the transfer of microorganisms from the built environment to occupant's cutaneous or mucosal membranes has the potential to increase or disrupt immunoregulation and/or exaggerate or suppress inflammation. Preclinical evidence highlighting the influence of the microbiota on systemic inflammation supports the assertion that microorganisms, including those originating from the built environment, have the potential to either increase or decrease the risk of inflammation-induced psychiatric conditions and their symptom severity. With advanced understanding of both the ecology of the built environment, and its influence on the human microbiome, it may be possible to develop bioinformed strategies for management of the built environment to promote mental health. Here we present a brief summary of microbiome research in both areas and highlight two interdependencies including the following: (1) effects of the MoBE on the human microbiome and (2) potential opportunities for manipulation of the MoBE in order to improve mental health. In addition, we propose future research directions including strategies for assessment of changes in the microbiome of common areas of built environments shared by multiple human occupants, and associated cohort-level changes in the mental health of those who spend time in the buildings. Overall, our understanding of the fields of both the MoBE and influence of host-associated microorganisms on mental health are advancing at a rapid pace and, if linked, could offer considerable benefit to health and wellness. C1 [Hoisington, Andrew J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hoisington, Andrew J.] Univ Colorado, Rocky Mt Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr MIREC, Denver, CO 80220 USA. [Brenner, Lisa A.] Univ Texas Austin, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kinney, Kerry A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Rocky Mt MIRECC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kinney, Kerry A.] VISN 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Postolache, Teodor T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lowry, Christopher A.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Neurosci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoisington, AJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr Suite 6H-161, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM andrew.hoisington@usafa.edu NR 170 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 56 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2049-2618 J9 MICROBIOME JI Microbiome PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 3 AR UNSP 60 DI 10.1186/s40168-015-0127-0 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CY9CM UT WOS:000366705000001 PM 26674771 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, M Semiatin, L AF Konkova, Tatyana Mironov, Sergey Korznikov, Alexander Korznikova, Galia Myshlyaev, Mikhail Semiatin, Lee TI A two-step approach for producing an ultrafine-grain structure in Cu-30Zn brass SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Copper alloys; Cryogenic deformation; Grain refinement; Electron backscatter diffraction; Microstructure; Texture ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; COPPER; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION AB A two-step approach involving cryogenic rolling and subsequent recrystallization annealing was developed to produce an ultrafine-grain structure in Cu-30Zn brass. The material so processed was characterized by a mean grain size of 0.5 mu m, fraction of high-angle boundaries of 90 pct., a weak crystallographic texture, and strength twice that of initial material. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, Tatyana; Mironov, Sergey; Korznikov, Alexander; Korznikova, Galia] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, Sergey] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Myshlyaev, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Myshlyaev, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Semiatin, Lee] AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM S-72@mail.ru RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; OI Korznikova, Galiya/0000-0001-6646-7357 FU Russian Fund for Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (Project no. 14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank P. Klassman for assistance during cryogenic rolling. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 161 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.025 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CW3KR UT WOS:000364891700001 ER PT J AU Hurd, EJ Holtgrave, JC Perram, GP AF Hurd, Edward J. Holtgrave, Jeremy C. Perram, Glen P. TI Intensity scaling of an optically pumped potassium laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Diode Pumped Alkali Laser; Potassium; Intensity scaling; Ionization ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; RUBIDIUM LASER; MODEL AB A pulsed, optically pumped potassium laser has been demonstrated with output intensify exceeding 7 NIW/cm2. By using a surrogate pump, heal pipe gain cell, and helium pressure of 2500 Tort-, the intensity of Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPAL) has been increased by a Maur of 38. Bottlenecking due to slow fine structure mixing can be avoided without hydrocarbon buffer gases with as many as 375 lasing photons obtained per potassium atom following a 7.4 ns pump pulse. A slope efficiency of 9.4% is achieved and primarily limited by a mismatch between pumped and cavity mode volumes. Laser performance is well described by a three-level, longitudinally averaged model without ionization. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hurd, Edward J.; Holtgrave, Jeremy C.; Perram, Glen P.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Holtgrave, Jeremy C.] Cent State Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Wilberforce, OH 45384 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edward.hurd@us.af.mil; glen.perram@afit.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX This work was funded in part by a Grant from the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 357 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2015.08.087 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CT8DH UT WOS:000363044700011 ER PT J AU Soref, R Hendrickson, J AF Soref, Richard Hendrickson, Joshua TI Proposed ultralow-energy dual photonic-crystal nanobeam devices for on-chip N x N switching, logic, and wavelength multiplexing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; LOW-POWER; DESIGN; RESONATORS; CAVITIES AB Silicon-on-insulator Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures that utilize a photonic crystal nanobeam waveguide in each of two connecting arms are proposed here as efficient 2 x 2 resonant, wavelength-selective electro-optical routing switches that are readily cascaded into on-chip N x N switching networks. A localized lateral PN junction of length similar to 2 mu m within each of two identical nanobeams is proposed as a means of shifting the transmission resonance by 400 pm within the 1550 nm band. Using a bias swing Delta V = 2.7 V, the 474 attojoules-per-bit switching mechanism is free-carrier sweepout due to PN depletion layer widening. Simulations of the 2 x 2 outputs versus voltage are presented. Dual-nanobeam designs are given for N x N data-routing matrix switches, electrooptical logic unit cells, N x M wavelength selective switches, and vector matrix multipliers. Performance penalties are analyzed for possible fabrication induced errors such as non-ideal 3-dB couplers, differences in optical path lengths, and variations in photonic crystal cavity resonances. (C)2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Engn Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM soref@rcn.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0196, LRIR 15RYCOR159]; UK EPSRC on Project Migration FX RS is grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) on grant FA9550-14-1-0196 and of the UK EPSRC on Project Migration. JH also acknowledges the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (PM: Gernot Pomrenke) under LRIR 15RYCOR159. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 25 BP 32582 EP 32596 DI 10.1364/OE.23.032582 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY8VQ UT WOS:000366687200094 PM 26699048 ER PT J AU De Sio, L Tabiryan, N Bunning, TJ AF De Sio, Luciano Tabiryan, Nelson Bunning, Timothy J. TI POLICRYPS-based electrically switchable Bragg reflector SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; GRATINGS; FABRICATION; PHASE AB The formation and characterization of a switchable volume reflective element fabricated from a polymer liquid crystal (LC) polymer slice (POLICRYPS) structure by holographic photopolymerization at high temperature (65 degrees C) using a photosensitive/nematic liquid crystal prepolymer mixture is reported. The submicron Bragg structure formed consists of periodic continuous polymeric walls separated by periodic LC channels. The phase separated NLC self-aligns in a homeotropic alignment between the polymer walls as indicated by polarizing optical microscopy analysis (Maltese cross). The resulting periodic grating structure results in a Bragg reflection notch upon illumination with white light due to the periodic variation in refractive index. Electro-optical experiments realized through in-plane electrodes and temperature experiments confirm that the multilayer structure acts as a Bragg mirror whose reflection efficiency can be controlled by either a small (similar to 3V/mu m) electric field or temperature. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Orlando, FL 32789 USA. [De Sio, Luciano] Univ Calabria, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat, Dept Phys, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, 1300 Lee Rd, Orlando, FL 32789 USA. EM luciano@beamco.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), U.S. Air Force [FA9550-14-1-0050]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL FX The research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), U.S. Air Force, under grant FA9550-14-1-0050 (P.I. L. De Sio, EOARD 2014/2015) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 14 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 25 BP 32696 EP 32702 DI 10.1364/OE.23.032696 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY8VQ UT WOS:000366687200105 PM 26699059 ER PT J AU Bulmer, J Bullard, T Dolasinski, B Murphy, J Sparkes, M Pangovski, K O'Neill, W Powers, P Haugan, T AF Bulmer, John Bullard, Thomas Dolasinski, Brian Murphy, John Sparkes, Martin Pangovski, Krste O'Neill, William Powers, Peter Haugan, Timothy TI Tunable Broadband Radiation Generated Via Ultrafast Laser Illumination of an Inductively Charged Superconducting Ring SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRIP; RESONATOR AB An electromagnetic transmitter typically consists of individual components such as a waveguide, antenna, power supply, and an oscillator. In this communication we circumvent complications associated with connecting these individual components and instead combine them into a non-traditional, photonic enabled, compact transmitter device for tunable, ultrawide band (UWB) radiation. This device is a centimeter scale, continuous, thin film superconducting ring supporting a persistent super-current. An ultrafast laser pulse (required) illuminates the ring (either at a point or uniformly around the ring) and perturbs the super-current by the de-pairing and recombination of Cooper pairs. This generates a microwave pulse where both ring and laser pulse geometry dictates the radiated spectrum's shape. The transmitting device is self contained and completely isolated from conductive components that are observed to interfere with the generated signal. A rich spectrum is observed that extends beyond 30 GHz (equipment limited) and illustrates the complex super-current dynamics bridging optical, THz, and microwave wavelengths. C1 [Bulmer, John] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Bullard, Thomas; Haugan, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dolasinski, Brian; Powers, Peter] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Murphy, John; Sparkes, Martin; Pangovski, Krste; O'Neill, William] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Inst Mfg, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Bulmer, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. EM jb833@cam.ac.uk FU Tektronics; Teledyne Lecroy FX We would like to thank both Tektronics and Teledyne Lecroy for their generous support and expertise with high speed digitizing oscilloscopes. We would like to thank John Glett of Air Force Research Laboratory for assistance with radar antenna equipment and discussions concerning radar antenna theory. We also thank Charlie Ebbing of Air Force Research Laboratory for his technical expertise in the power and cooling systems. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 18151 DI 10.1038/srep18151 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY1QA UT WOS:000366181300001 PM 26659022 ER PT J AU Sommers, BS Adams, SF AF Sommers, Bradley S. Adams, Steven F. TI A comparison of gas temperatures measured by ultraviolet laser scattering in atmospheric plasma sources SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microplasma; laser scattering; plasma jet; atmospheric glow; Raman; Rayleigh; ultraviolet ID MICROPLASMAS; JET AB A laser scattering system utilizing an ultraviolet laser with a triple grating spectrometer has been assembled in order to measure gas temperature in atmospheric plasma sources. Such laser scattering interactions offer a non-invasive technique for investigating atmospheric microplasma sources, which have potential applications in remote optical sensing, materials processing, and environmental decontamination. This particular system is unique in that it utilizes a ultraviolet laser line (266 nm), which increases the cross section for Rayleigh and Raman scattering by a factor of 16 in comparison to the more common 532 nm laser operating in the visible range. In this work, the laser scattering system is used to directly compare the rotational gas temperature (T-r) and gas kinetic temperature (T-g) in two different atmospheric plasma sources [1]: a direct current plasma jet operating on nitrogen and [2] a conventional pin-pin glow microdischarge in air. Results show agreement between T-r and T-g both in the low temperature afterglow of the plasma jet (300-700 K) and the hot center of the atmospheric glow (1500-2000 K). These observations lend credence to the common assumption of rotational relaxation in atmospheric plasmas and validate the ultraviolet laser diagnostic for future application in atmospheric microplasma sources. C1 [Sommers, Bradley S.; Adams, Steven F.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sommers, BS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bradley.sommers.1.ctr@us.af.mil; steven.adams.11@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to thank A Tolson for his technical expertise. This work is partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 48 AR 485202 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/48/48/485202 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DB3TM UT WOS:000368434600013 ER PT J AU Gomez, EF Venkatraman, V Grote, JG Steckl, AJ AF Gomez, Eliot F. Venkatraman, Vishak Grote, James G. Steckl, Andrew J. TI Exploring the Potential of Nucleic Acid Bases in Organic Light Emitting Diodes SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON-BLOCKING LAYER; THIN-FILMS; DNA-BASE; EFFICIENCY; ADENINE; DEVICES; GREEN; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTITUENT AB Naturally occurring biomolecules have increasingly found applications in organic electronics as a low cost, performance-enhancing, environmentally safe alternative. Previous devices, which incorporated DNA in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), resulted in significant improvements in performance. In this work, nucleobases (NBs), constituents of DNA and RNA polymers, are investigated for integration into OLEDs. NB small molecules form excellent thin films by low-temperature evaporation, enabling seamless integration into vacuum deposited OLED fabrication. Thin film properties of adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are investigated. Next, their incorporation as electron-blocking (EBL) and hole-blocking layers (HBL) in phosphorescent OLEDs is explored. NBs affect OLED performance through charge transport control, following their electron affinity trend: G < A < C < T < U. G and A have lower electron affinity (1.8-2.2 eV), blocking electrons but allowing hole transport. C, T, and U have higher electron affinities (2.6-3.0 eV), transporting electrons and blocking hole transport. A-EBL-based OLEDs achieve current and external quantum efficiencies of 52 cd A(-1) and 14.3%, a ca. 50% performance increase over the baseline device with conventional EBL. The combination of enhanced performance, wide diversity of material properties, simplicity of use, and reduced cost indicate the promise of nucleobases for future OLED development. C1 [Gomez, Eliot F.; Venkatraman, Vishak; Steckl, Andrew J.] Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Grote, James G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steckl, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu OI Gomez, Eliot/0000-0003-3341-7139; Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the following: Air Force Research Laboratory for partial support of this work; Dr. Necati Kaval for assistance with ellipsometry and TGA measurements; and Andre Gomez for assisting with DNA artwork and Dr. Han You for assisting with the chemical structures of Figure 1 NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 33 U2 110 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 46 SI SI BP 7552 EP 7562 DI 10.1002/adma.201403532 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DA5HU UT WOS:000367834800004 PM 25503083 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Roy, AK Baur, JW AF Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Baur, Jeffery W. TI Modeling the Role of Bulk and Surface Characteristics of Carbon Fiber on Thermal Conductance across the Carbon-Fiber/Matrix Interface SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers; BMI resin; molecular dynamics; interfaces; thermal conductance ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GRAPHENE-POLYMER INTERFACES; NANOTUBE COMPOSITES; FORCE-FIELD; COVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION; HEAT-FLOW; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; NANOFABRICATION AB The rapid heating of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites leads to complex thermophysical interactions which not only are dependent on the thermal properties of the constituents and microstructure but are also dependent on the thermal transport between the fiber and resin interfaces. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, the thermal conductance across the interface between a carbon-fiber near-surface region and bismaleimide monomer matrix is calculated as a function of the interface and bulk features of the carbon fiber. The surface of the carbon fiber is modeled as sheets of graphitic carbon with (a) varying degrees of surface functionality, (b) varying defect concentrations in the surface-carbon model (pure graphitic vs partially graphitic), (c) varying orientation of graphitic carbon at the interface, (d) varying interface saturation (dangling vs saturated bonds), (e) varying degrees of surface roughness, and (f) incorporating high conductive fillers (carbon nanotubes) at the interface. After combining separately equilibrated matrix system and different surface-carbon models, thermal energy exchange is investigated in terms of interface thermal conductance across the carbon fiber and the matrix. It is observed that modifications in the studied parameters (a-f) often lead to significant modulation of thermal conductance across the interface and, thus, showcases the role of interface tailoring and surface-carbon morphology toward thermal energy exchange. More importantly, the results provide key bounds and a realistic degree of variation to the interface thermal conductance values at fiber/matrix interfaces as a function of different surface-carbon features. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; jeffery.baur@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [13RXCOR] FX We acknowledge the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support (Grant No. 13RXCOR; Program Manager, Dr. B. L. "Les" Lee) and the Department of Defense Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC and ERDC-DSRC) for computational resources to carry out the simulations. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 48 BP 26674 EP 26683 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b08591 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CY3VX UT WOS:000366339100041 PM 26551435 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Korznikova, G. Myshlyaev, M. M. Semiatin, S. L. TI Effect of cryogenic temperature and change of strain path on grain refinement during rolling of Cu-30Zn brass SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Cu-30Zn brass; Grain refinement; Cryogenic deformation; Change of strain path; Electron backscatter diffraction; Grain structure ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FCC METALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ALPHA-BRASS; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; NANOSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB The effect of cryogenic temperature and change of strain path on grain refinement during the rolling of Cu-30Zn brass was determined. To this end, the material was unidirectionally rolled or cross-rolled to 90% thickness reduction at either ambient or liquid-nitrogen temperatures, and the resulting grain structures and crystallographic textures were determined via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. In all cases, grain refinement was found to be governed primarily by twinning and shear banding. Lowering of the rolling temperature to the cryogenic range was found to provide only a minor effect. Cryogenic rolling was thus concluded to impart no practical benefit with regard to grain refinement or property improvement for this material. In contrast, a change of strain path via cross rolling was shown to enhance twinning and shear banding and thus to promote the formation of a relatively homogeneous ultrafine-grain microstructure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, T.; Mironov, S.; Korznikov, A.; Korznikova, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, A.] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Aoba Ku, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM konkova_05@mail.ru; smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp; korznikov@imsp.ru; korznikova@anrb.ru; mr-mmm@yandex.ru; sheldon.semiatin@us.af.mil RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Korznikova, Galiya/0000-0001-6646-7357 FU Russian Fund of Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (project No.14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to P. Klassman for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-1275 EI 1873-4197 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD DEC 5 PY 2015 VL 86 BP 913 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.146 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CT5PO UT WOS:000362862700115 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Biswas, S Jarrett, JW Poutrina, E Urbas, A Knappenberger, KL Vaia, RA Nealey, PF AF Liu, Xiaoying Biswas, Sushmita Jarrett, Jeremy W. Poutrina, Ekaterina Urbas, Augustine Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr. Vaia, Richard A. Nealey, Paul F. TI Deterministic Construction of Plasmonic Heterostructures in Well-Organized Arrays for Nanophotonic Materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DNA; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCRYSTALS AB Plasmonic heterostructures are deterministically constructed in organized arrays through chemical pattern directed assembly, a combination of top-down litho graphy and bottom-up assembly, and by the sequential immobilization of gold nanoparticles of three different sizes onto chemically patterned surfaces using tailored interaction potentials. These spatially addressable plasmonic chain nanostructures demonstrate localization of linear and nonlinear optical fields as well as nonlinear circular dichroism. C1 [Liu, Xiaoying; Nealey, Paul F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Biswas, Sushmita; Poutrina, Ekaterina; Urbas, Augustine; Vaia, Richard A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jarrett, Jeremy W.; Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Knappenberger, KL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM klk@chem.fsu.edu; richard.vaia@us.af.mil; nealey@uchicago.edu OI Jarrett, Jeremy/0000-0003-1308-1519 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA8650-090-D-5037, FA9550-15-1-0114]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1150249] FX X.L., S.B., and J.W.J. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support under Award Nos. FA8650-090-D-5037 and FA9550-15-1-0114 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CHE-1150249. The authors also thank Jiaxing Ren for the help with tilted SEM imaging and Dr. Qiti Guo and Dr. Justin E. Jureller for the valuable discussion. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 45 BP 7314 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201503336 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DA5HG UT WOS:000367833200006 PM 26463579 ER PT J AU Paul, R Voevodin, AA Zemlyanov, DY Kumar, A Asel, TJ Mou, S Fisher, TS AF Paul, R. Voevodin, A. A. Zemlyanov, D. Y. Kumar, A. Asel, T. J. Mou, S. Fisher, T. S. TI Direct Growth of Few-Layer Graphene on Silicon Carbide: Fast Deposition at Moderate Temperature SO GRAPHENE LA English DT Article DE Graphene; SIC; TEM; XPS; Raman; Resistivity ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SINGLE; GAS; SUBSTRATE; ENTHALPY; FOAM AB This paper reports synthesis procedure for few-layer graphene (FLG) on silicon carbide (SiC) at relatively lower temperature (300 degrees C), as compared to the temperature for graphene synthesis on non-metal surfaces reported to date, using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The results demonstrate that 3 to 4 layer graphene films can be produced within two minutes on a SiC substrate. The graphene domain size and coverage are observed to depend on the terminal element of the SiC surface. Electrical characterization reveals that the films contain structural defects. Room temperature mobility of 75 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and carrier density of 4 x 8x10(16) cm(-2) were found on the Si-terminated face. The carrier concentration was lower (1.2 x10(13) cm(-2)) for the FLG grown on the C-terminated surface. FLG thus grown exhibits p-type behavior. The presented plasma assisted direct growth of graphene on SiC at low temperatures is attractive for high-throughput graphene production. C1 [Paul, R.; Zemlyanov, D. Y.; Kumar, A.; Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.; Mou, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asel, T. J.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Jadavpur Univ, Dept Instrumentat Sci, Kolkata 700032, India. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 2167-275X EI 2167-2768 J9 GRAPHENE JI Graphene PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1166/graph.2015.1059 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DG9KC UT WOS:000372400300008 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark E. TI Never Call Retreat: Theodore Roosevelt and the Great War SO PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grotelueschen, Mark E.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0360-4918 EI 1741-5705 J9 PRES STUD Q JI Pres. Stud. Q. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 45 IS 4 BP 825 EP 827 DI 10.1111/psq.12239 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA DF1SL UT WOS:000371119400018 ER PT J AU Shore, RA AF Shore, Robert A. TI Scattering of an Electromagnetic Linearly Polarized Plane Wave by a Multilayered Sphere Obtaining a computational form of Mie coefficients for the scattered field SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT RESONANCES; HIGH-FREQUENCY SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ABSORBING MEDIUM; DEBYE SERIES; OPTICAL THEOREM; TRANSPARENT SPHERE; DIELECTRIC SPHERES; GEOMETRICAL-OPTICS; EFFICIENCY FACTORS C1 [Shore, Robert A.] US Air Force Acad, Cambridge Res Lab, Bedford, MA USA. [Shore, Robert A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Electomagnet Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA USA. [Shore, Robert A.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Cambridge Res Lab, Bedford, MA USA.; Shore, RA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Electomagnet Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA USA.; Shore, RA (reprint author), ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. EM rashore1@yahoo.com FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX I express my deep gratitude and appreciation to Prof. James A. Lock of Cleveland State University and Dr. Francesco Monticone of the Metamaterials and Research Group, the University of Texas at Austin, for their very helpful communications; to the reviewers whose thoughtful comments did much to improve this article; to Philip Laven, the creator of the remarkable program MiePlot, for his remarks and e-mail correspondence that helped clarify a number of important issues; to Dr. W. Ross Stone, the editor-in-chief of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine at the time this article was written, for his very perceptive suggestions and continued warm and enthusiastic support and encouragement; to the very helpful staff and rich research resources of the Harvard University Wolbach Library; to all the creators of my wonderful work tools: Fortran, MATLAB, Mathematica, the Harvard University E-Journals website, Google search, Wikipedia, and LaTeX; to Prof. Mahta Moghaddam, the magazine's current editor-in-chief, for her careful reading of the article; to Jessica Barrague, managing editor, for her hard work in preparing the article for publication; and, above all, to Ludvig V. Lorenz, Gustav A.F.W.L. Mie, and Peter J.W. Debye, for their great work that has done so much to deepen our understanding of the scattering of light. This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Dr. Arje Nachman. NR 146 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 57 IS 6 BP 69 EP 116 DI 10.1109/MAP.2015.2453885 PG 48 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DE2CU UT WOS:000370434800009 ER PT J AU Monzel, WJ Hoff, BW Maestas, SS French, DM Hayden, SC AF Monzel, W. Jacob Hoff, Brad W. Maestas, Sabrina S. French, David M. Hayden, Steven C. TI Dielectric Breakdown of Additively Manufactured Polymeric Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Rapid prototyping; dielectric breakdown; plastics; dielectric materials; dielectric measurements; dielectric strength; additive manufacturing; SLA; Polyjet; fused deposition modeling; FDM; SLS AB Dielectric strength testing of selected Polyjet-printed polymer plastics was performed in accordance with ASTM D149. This dielectric strength data is compared to manufacturer-provided dielectric strength data for selected plastics printed using the stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser sintering (SLS) methods. Tested Polyjet samples demonstrated dielectric strengths as high as 47.5 kV/mm for a 0.5 mm thick sample and 32.1 kV/mm for a 1.0 mm sample. The dielectric strength of the additively manufactured plastics evaluated as part of this study was lower than the majority of non-printed plastics by at least 15% (with the exception of polycarbonate). C1 [Monzel, W. Jacob; Hoff, Brad W.; Maestas, Sabrina S.; French, David M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Hayden, Steven C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Monzel, WJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. FU AFRL FX W. J. Monzel's participation in this work was accomplished under the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Directed Energy Summer Scholars Program. Funding for this work was provided by AFRL. S. C. Hayden's participation in this work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Polyjet sample testing was performed at Element Materials Technology (www.element.com). NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 EI 1558-4135 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 6 BP 3543 EP 3549 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2015.005199 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DC0XH UT WOS:000368940800057 ER PT J AU McHarg, G Neal, P Taormina, N Strom, A Balthazor, R AF McHarg, Geoff Neal, Parris Taormina, Nikolas Strom, Alex Balthazor, Richard TI USAFA Integrated Miniaturized Electrostatic Analyzer (iMESA)-An Undergraduate Space Weather Constellation SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [McHarg, Geoff] US Air Force Acad, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Neal, Parris] Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Elect & Comp Engn Capstone Course, Boulder, CO USA. [Balthazor, Richard] US Air Force Acad, IMESA Instrument Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McHarg, G (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu OI Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 12 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1002/2015SW001284 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC3ZM UT WOS:000369159300004 ER PT J AU Covey, CJ Sineath, MH Penta, JF Leggit, JC AF Covey, Carlton J. Sineath, Marvin H., Jr. Penta, Joseph F. Leggit, Jeffrey C. TI Prolotherapy: Can it help your patient? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-BACK-PAIN; DEXTROSE PROLOTHERAPY; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; HYPEROSMOLAR DEXTROSE; SACROILIAC JOINT; INJECTION; EFFICACY; TENDON C1 [Covey, Carlton J.; Leggit, Jeffrey C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sineath, Marvin H., Jr.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Penta, Joseph F.] Naval Hosp Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Covey, CJ (reprint author), Ft Belvoir Community Hosp, Sports Med, Eagle Pavil,9300 Dewitt Loop, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM carlton.covey@usuhs.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 64 IS 12 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DB3SE UT WOS:000368431000006 PM 26844994 ER PT J AU Warren, JB Hamilton, A Rugge, B Crawford, P AF Warren, Johanna B. Hamilton, Andrew Rugge, Bruin Crawford, Paul TI What's the best way to predict the success of a trial of labor after a previous C-section? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID VAGINAL BIRTH; SCORING SYSTEM; DELIVERY; ADMISSION; MODEL C1 [Warren, Johanna B.; Hamilton, Andrew; Rugge, Bruin] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Crawford, Paul] Nellis Family Med, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Warren, JB (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 64 IS 12 BP E3 EP E7 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DB3SE UT WOS:000368431000002 PM 26845005 ER PT J AU Harshman, SW Geier, BA Fan, MM Rinehardt, S Watts, BS Drummond, LA Preti, G Phillips, JB Ott, DK Grigsby, CC AF Harshman, Sean W. Geier, Brian A. Fan, Maomian Rinehardt, Sage Watts, Brandy S. Drummond, Leslie A. Preti, George Phillips, Jeffrey B. Ott, Darrin K. Grigsby, Claude C. TI The identification of hypoxia biomarkers from exhaled breath under normobaric conditions SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE exhaled breath; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hypoxia; biomarkers ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMAN METABOLOME DATABASE; LUNG-CANCER; HMDB; GAS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETRY; ISOPRENE; DISEASES; MS AB Pilots have reported experiencing in-flight hypoxic-like symptoms since the inception of high-altitude aviation. As a result, the need to monitor pilots, in-flight, for the onset of hypoxic conditions is of great interest to the aviation community. We propose that exhaled breath is an appropriate non-invasive medium for monitoring pilot hypoxic risk through volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis. To identify changes in the exhaled breath VOCs produced during periods of reduced O-2 levels, volunteers were exposed to simulated flight profiles, i.e. sea level for 5 min, O-2 levels found at elevated altitudes for 5 min or placebo and 5 min at 100% O-2 recovery gas, using a modified flight mask interfaced with a reduced O-2 breathing device. During the course of these test events, time series breath samples from the flight mask and pre/post bag samples were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seven compounds (pentanal, 4-butyrolactone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 3-methylheptane and 2-heptanone) were found to significantly change in response to hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the isoprene, 2-methyl-1,3- butadiene, was found to increase following the overall exposure profile. This study establishes an experimental means for monitoring changes in VOCs in response to hypoxic conditions, a computational workflow for compound analysis via the Metabolite Differentiation and Discovery Lab and MatLab(C) software and identifies potential volatile organic compound biomarkers of hypoxia exposure. C1 [Harshman, Sean W.; Rinehardt, Sage] UES Inc, Air Force Res Lab, RHXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Geier, Brian A.] InfoSciTex Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fan, Maomian; Watts, Brandy S.; Grigsby, Claude C.] Air Force Res Lab, RHXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Drummond, Leslie A.; Phillips, Jeffrey B.] Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Biomed Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Preti, George] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Preti, George] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ott, Darrin K.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harshman, SW (reprint author), UES Inc, Air Force Res Lab, RHXBC, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 Fifth St,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sean.harshman.ctr@us.af.mil FU UES Inc. under United States Air Force [FA8650-14-D-6516] FX Support for this work was provided by a subcontract from UES Inc. under United States Air Force contract FA8650-14-D-6516. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. The authors would like to thank Dr. Jae Kwak and Gregory Sudberry for their help and scholarly input for this manuscript. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 EI 1752-7163 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 AR 047103 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/9/4/047103 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA DA6SR UT WOS:000367936100006 PM 26505091 ER PT J AU Chen, W Barnaby, HJ Kozicki, MN Edwards, AH Gonzalez-Velo, Y Fang, R Holbert, KE Yu, S Yu, W AF Chen, W. Barnaby, H. J. Kozicki, M. N. Edwards, A. H. Gonzalez-Velo, Y. Fang, R. Holbert, K. E. Yu, S. Yu, W. TI A Study of Gamma-Ray Exposure of Cu-SiO2 Programmable Metallization Cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Conductive-bridging random access memory (CBRAM); CMOS-compatibility; gamma-ray radiation; non-volatile memory; programmable metallization cell; resistive switching; SiO2 ID MEMORY; RADIATION; TECHNOLOGIES; DEVICE; DIFFUSION; FILAMENT; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STRESS; FILMS AB The Cu-SiO2 based programmable metallization cell (PMC) is a promising alternative to the Ag-chalcogenide glass PMC because of its low power consumption and CMOS-compatibility. Understanding its total ionizing dose (TID) response helps in assessing the reliability of this technology in ionizing radiation environments and benefits its expansion in the space electronics market. In this paper, the impacts of TID on the switching characteristics of Cu-SiO2 PMC are investigated for the first time. The devices were step irradiated with (CO)-C-60 gamma-rays to a maximum dose of 7.1 Mrad (SiO2). The results show that gamma-ray irradiation has a negligible impact on the virgin-state and ON-state resistance of Cu-SiO2 PMCs. The OFF-state resistance slightly decreases after the first 1.5 Mrad(SiO2) of exposure, but this reduction saturates after higher levels of TID. Other switching characteristics such as the set voltage, multilevel switching capability and endurance were also studied, all of which did not show observable changes after gamma-ray radiation. The immunity to ionizing radiation is attributed to the suppression of the photo-doping process. C1 [Chen, W.; Barnaby, H. J.; Kozicki, M. N.; Gonzalez-Velo, Y.; Fang, R.; Holbert, K. E.; Yu, S.; Yu, W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Edwards, A. H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM wchen113@asu.edu OI Chen, Wenhao/0000-0003-0781-0180 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-11-1-0055]; Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE [FA9452-13-1-0288] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant HDTRA1-11-1-0055 and by the Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE under Grant FA9452-13-1-0288. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2404 EP 2411 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2478883 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600006 ER PT J AU Johnston, WR O'Brien, TP Huston, SL Guild, TB Ginet, GP AF Johnston, W. Robert O'Brien, T. Paul Huston, Stuart L. Guild, Timothy B. Ginet, Gregory P. TI Recent Updates to the AE9/AP9/SPM Radiation Belt and Space Plasma Specification Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Radiation belt; space plasma; specification models ID INSTRUMENT AB The AE9/AP9/SPM radiation belt and space plasma specification model has been recently updated with Version 1.20. We review these updates of flux maps and features, discuss validation results, and summarize pending improvements. C1 [Johnston, W. Robert] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [O'Brien, T. Paul; Guild, Timothy B.] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Huston, Stuart L.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Ginet, Gregory P.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Johnston, WR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM william.johnston.19@us.af.mil; paul.obrien@aero.org; shuston@aer.com; timothy.b.guild@aero.org; gregory.ginet@ll.mit.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2760 EP 2766 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2476470 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600053 ER PT J AU Jones, JP Heller, E Dorsey, D Graham, S AF Jones, Jason P. Heller, Eric Dorsey, Donald Graham, Samuel TI Transient stress characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs due to electrical and thermal effects SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN HEMTs; Transient stress; Pulsed devices; Electro-thermo-mechanical simulation ID MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SILICON-CARBIDE; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; RESISTANCE; EXPANSION; GANHEMTS; FILMS AB In this paper, we present finite element simulation results of the transient stress response of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The modeling technique involves a small-scale electro-thermal model coupled to a large-scale mechanics model to determine the resulting stress distribution within a device operated under radio frequency (RF) conditions. The electrical characteristics of the modeled device were compared to experimental measurements and existing simulation data from literature for validation. The results show critical regions around the gate Schottky contact undergo drastically different transient stresses during pulsed operation. Specifically, stress profiles within the AlGaN layer around the gate foot print (GFP) undergo highly tensile electrothermal stresses while stresses within the AlGaN outside the gate connected field plate (GCFP) towards the drain contact undergo highly tensile electrical stress and compressive thermoelastic stress. It is shown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs undergo large amounts of cyclic loading during typical transient operation. Based on these findings, transient failure mechanisms may differ from those previously studied under DC operation due to large amount of cyclic loading of a device around the gate structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Jason P.; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV) team; AFOSR [HC1047-05-D-4000-0233] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV) team and AFOSR (HC1047-05-D-4000-0233). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2634 EP 2639 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2015.08.019 PN B PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA DA4MF UT WOS:000367773300004 ER PT J AU Merrill, NA McKee, EM Merino, KC Drummy, LF Lee, S Reinhart, B Ren, Y Frenkel, AI Naik, RR Bedford, NM Knecht, MR AF Merrill, Nicholas A. McKee, Erik M. Merino, Kyle C. Drummy, Lawrence F. Lee, Sungsik Reinhart, Benjamin Ren, Yang Frenkel, Anatoly I. Naik, Rajesh R. Bedford, Nicholas M. Knecht, Marc R. TI Identifying the Atomic-Level Effects of Metal Composition on the Structure and Catalytic Activity of Peptide-Templated Materials SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE bimetallic nanostructures; peptide templates; bioinspired; X-ray analysis; catalysis ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIS; PDAU NANOPARTICLES; PROTEIN CAGE; PALLADIUM; HYDROGENATION; FERRITIN; MORPHOGENESIS AB Bioinspired approaches for the formation of metallic nanomaterials have been extensively employed for a diverse range of applications including diagnostics and catalysis. These materials can often be used under sustainable conditions; however, it is challenging to control the material size, morphology, and composition simultaneously. Here we have employed the R5 peptide, which forms a 3D scaffold to direct the size and linear shape of bimetallic PdAu nanomaterials for catalysis. The materials were prepared at varying Pd:Au ratios to probe optimal compositions to achieve maximal catalytic efficiency. These materials were extensively characterized at the atomic level using transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and atomic pair distribution function analysis derived from high-energy X-ray diffraction patterns to provide highly resolved structural information. The results confirmed PdAu alloy formation, but also demonstrated that significant surface structural disorder was present. The catalytic activity of the materials was studied for olefin hydrogenation, which demonstrated enhanced reactivity from the bimetallic structures. These results present a pathway to the bioinspired production of multimetallic materials with enhanced properties, which can be assessed via a suite of characterization methods to fully ascertain structure/function relationships. C1 [Merrill, Nicholas A.; McKee, Erik M.; Merino, Kyle C.; Bedford, Nicholas M.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Bedford, Nicholas M.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Sungsik; Reinhart, Benjamin; Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov; knecht@miami.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1145175]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences within the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER15476]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (MRK: DMR-1145175) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (RRN). N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from National Research Council Associateship award during the initial phases of this work. A.I.F. acknowledges funding by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences within the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15476. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 12 BP 11968 EP 11979 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b04665 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CZ7LE UT WOS:000367280100046 PM 26497843 ER PT J AU Little, BK Emery, SB Lindsay, CM AF Little, Brian K. Emery, Samuel B. Lindsay, C. Michael TI Physiochemical Characterization of Iodine (V) Oxide Part II: Morphology and Crystal Structure of Particulate Films SO CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE iodine (V) oxide; iodine pentoxide; I2O5; hydrogen iodate; triperiodic acid; HI3O8; HIO3-I2O5; iodic acid; HIO3; spin coating; drop casting; film ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; POROUS SILICON; PENTOXIDE; COMBUSTION; DEPOSITION; THERMITES; ALUMINUM AB In this study, the production of particulate films of iodine (V) oxides is investigated. The influence that sonication and solvation of suspended particles in various alcohol/ketone/ester solvents have on the physical structure of spin or drop cast films is examined in detail with electron microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Results indicate that sonicating iodine oxides in alcohol mixtures containing trace amounts of water decreases deposited particle sizes and produces a more uniform film morphology. UV-visible spectra of the pre-cast suspensions reveal that for some solvents, the iodine oxide oxidizes the solvent, producing I-2 and lowering the pH of the suspension. Characterizing the crystals within the cast films reveal their composition to be primarily HI3O8, their orientations to exhibit a preferential orientation, and their growth to be primarily along the ac-plane of the crystal, enhanced at higher spin rates. Spin-coating at lower spin rates produces laminate-like particulate films versus higher density, one-piece films of stacked particles produced by drop casting. The particle morphology in these films consists of a combination of rods, plates, cubes, and rhombohedra structure. C1 [Little, Brian K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Emery, Samuel B.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Indian Head, Explos Ordinance Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Lindsay, C. Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Energet Mat Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Little, BK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM brian.little.14.ctr@us.af.mil; samuel.emery@navy.mil; c.lindsay@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002NW]; Program Officer Michael Berman FX The authors wish to thank Voncile W. Ashley for her assistance in particle size analysis of SEM images. This work was supported by research grant 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program Officer Michael Berman. Distribution A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4352 J9 CRYSTALS JI Crystals PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 534 EP 550 DI 10.3390/cryst5040534 PG 17 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA DA1EN UT WOS:000367539200009 ER PT J AU Barnard, EBG Morrison, JJ Madureira, RM Lendrum, R Fragoso-Iniguez, M Edwards, A Lecky, F Bouamra, O Lawrence, T Jansen, JO AF Barnard, Edward Benjamin Graham Morrison, Jonathan James Madureira, Ricardo Mondoni Lendrum, Robbie Fragoso-Iniguez, Marisol Edwards, Antoinette Lecky, Fiona Bouamra, Omar Lawrence, Thomas Jansen, Jan Olaf TI Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): a population based gap analysis of trauma patients in England and Wales SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE resuscitation; Trauma; Trauma; abdomen; Trauma; epidemiology; Trauma; majot trauma management ID NONCOMPRESSIBLE TORSO HEMORRHAGE; UK COMBAT CASUALTIES; MODEL; DEATHS; SHOCK; CARE; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; SKILLS AB Introduction Non-compressible torso haemorrhage (NCTH) carries a high mortality in trauma as many patients exsanguinate prior to definitive haemorrhage control. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an adjunct that has the potential to bridge patients to definitive haemostasis. However, the proportion of trauma patients in whom REBOA may be utilised is unknown. Methods We conducted a population based analysis of 2012-2013 Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) data. We identified the number of patients in whom REBOA may have been utilised, defined by an Abbreviated Injury Scale score 3 to abdominal solid organs, abdominal or pelvic vasculature, pelvic fracture with ring disruption or proximal traumatic lower limb amputation, together with a systolic blood pressure <90mmHg. Patients with non-compressible haemorrhage in the mediastinum, axilla, face or neck were excluded. Results During 2012-2013, 72677 adult trauma patients admitted to hospitals in England and Wales were identified. 397 patients had an indication(s) and no contraindications for REBOA with evidence of haemorrhagic shock: 69% men, median age 43years and median Injury Severity Score 32. Overall mortality was 32%. Major trauma centres (MTCs) received the highest concentration of potential REBOA patients, and would be anticipated to receive a patient in whom REBOA may be utilised every 95days, increasing to every 46days in the 10 MTCs with the highest attendance of this injury type. Conclusions This TARN database analysis has identified a small group of severely injured, resource intensive patients with a highly lethal injury that is theoretically amenable to REBOA. The highest density of these patients is seen at MTCs, and as such a planned evaluation of REBOA should be further considered in these hospitals. C1 [Barnard, Edward Benjamin Graham] Inst Naval Med, Gosport PO12 2DL, Hants, England. [Barnard, Edward Benjamin Graham] US Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio, Off Chief Scientist, Med Wing 59, San Antonio, TX USA. [Morrison, Jonathan James] Royal Ctr Def Med, Acad Dept Mil Surg & Trauma, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Morrison, Jonathan James] Glasgow Royal Infirm, Acad Surg Unit, Glasgow G4 0SF, Lanark, Scotland. [Madureira, Ricardo Mondoni] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Med, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Lendrum, Robbie] Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust, Dept Anaesthet, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fragoso-Iniguez, Marisol; Edwards, Antoinette; Lecky, Fiona; Bouamra, Omar; Lawrence, Thomas] Hope Hosp, Trauma Audit & Res Network, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Lecky, Fiona] Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Hlth Serv Res Sect, EMRiS Grp, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Jansen, Jan Olaf] Aberdeen Royal Infirm, Dept Surg, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, Scotland. [Jansen, Jan Olaf] Aberdeen Royal Infirm, Dept Intens Care Med, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, Scotland. [Jansen, Jan Olaf] Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Jansen, JO (reprint author), Aberdeen Royal Infirm, Dept Surg, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, Scotland. EM jan.jansen@nhs.net; jan.jansen@nhs.net OI Morrison, Jonathan/0000-0001-7462-8456 FU NHS Research Scotland (NRS) fellowship - Chief Scientist Office; Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorate; Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Social Care Directorate; Pryor Medical Inc (Arvada, CO, USA) FX JOJ is in receipt of an NHS Research Scotland (NRS) fellowship, which is an academic salary support scheme funded by the Chief Scientist Office. The Health Services Research Unit receives funding from the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. The opinions expressed in this protocol are those of the authors alone. JJM serves on the clinical advisory board of Pryor Medical Inc (Arvada, CO, USA), which includes travel funding and share options. Pryor Medical Inc is a company involved in the design and manufacturer of REBOA catheters. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1472-0205 EI 1472-0213 J9 EMERG MED J JI Emerg. Med. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 32 IS 12 BP 926 EP 932 DI 10.1136/emermed-2015-205217 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA DA0AU UT WOS:000367459900007 PM 26598631 ER PT J AU Mancini, P Manar, F Granlund, K Ol, MV Jones, AR AF Mancini, Peter Manar, Field Granlund, Kenneth Ol, Michael V. Jones, Anya R. TI Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a translating rigid wing at low Reynolds number SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LIFT GENERATION; INSECT WINGS; FLAT PLATES; VORTEX; FORCES; FLIGHT; FINS AB Rectilinearly surging wings are investigated under several different velocity profiles and incidence angles. The primary wing studied here was an aspect ratio 4 rectangular flat plate. Studies on acceleration distance, ranging from 0.125c to 6c, and incidence angles 5 degrees-45 degrees were performed to obtain a better understanding of the force and moment histories during an extended surge motion over several chord-lengths of travel. Flow visualization and particle image velocimetry were performed to show the flow structures responsible for variations in force and moment coefficients. It was determined that the formation and subsequent shedding of a leading edge vortex correspond to oscillations in force coefficients for wings at high angle of attack. Comparing unsteady lift results to static force measurements, it was determined that for cases with large flow separation, even after 14 chords traveled at a constant velocity, the unsteady forces do not converge to the fully developed values. Forces were then broken up into circulatory and non-circulatory components to identify individual contributors to lift. Although itwas observed that the "fast" and "slow" cases produced nearly identical vortex trajectories, circulation measurements confirmed that the faster acceleration case generates more vorticity in the form of a tighter, more coherent vortex and produces significantly more circulation than the slower acceleration case, which is consistent with the difference in force production. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mancini, Peter; Manar, Field; Jones, Anya R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Granlund, Kenneth; Ol, Michael V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mancini, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pmancini@umd.edu; fmanar@umd.edu; kenneth.granlund.1.ctr@us.af.mil; michael.ol@us.af.mil; arjones@umd.edu OI Granlund, Kenneth/0000-0002-0108-8038 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0251]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (CTA-MAST) program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under AFOSR Award No. FA9550-12-1-0251 and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (CTA-MAST) program. The authors would also like to thank Andrew Lind and Albert Medina for their support and contributions to this work. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2015 VL 27 IS 12 AR 123102 DI 10.1063/1.4936396 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA DA0AO UT WOS:000367459300012 ER PT J AU Bak, S Huang, ZQ Abad, FAT Caccamo, M AF Bak, Stanley Huang, Zhenqi Abad, Fardin Abdi Taghi Caccamo, Marco TI Safety and Progress for Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems with Unreliable Communication SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Design; Verification; Hybrid automata; reachability computation; cyber-physical systems; distributed system design; runtime verification AB Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) may interact and manipulate objects in the physical world, and therefore formal guarantees about their behavior are strongly desired. Static-time proofs of safety invariants, however, may be intractable for systems with distributed physical-world interactions. This is further complicated when realistic communication models are considered, for which there may not be bounds on message delays, or even when considering that messages will eventually reach their destination. In this work, we address the challenge of proving safety and progress in distributed CPSs communicating over an unreliable communication layer. We show that for this type of communication model, system safety is closely related to the results of a hybrid system's reachability computation, which can be computed at runtime. However, since computing reachability at runtime may be computationally intensive, we provide an approach that moves significant parts of the computation to design time. This approach is demonstrated with a case study of a simulation of multiple vehicles moving within a shared environment. C1 [Bak, Stanley] US Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Huang, Zhenqi; Abad, Fardin Abdi Taghi; Caccamo, Marco] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bak, S (reprint author), 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM stanley-bak@gmail.com; zhuang25@illinois.edu; abditag2@illinois.edu; mcaccamo@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-1302563, CNS-1219064] FX The material presented here is based on work partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant numbers CNS-1302563 and CNS-1219064. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1539-9087 EI 1558-3465 J9 ACM T EMBED COMPUT S JI ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 SI SI AR 76 DI 10.1145/2739046 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CZ6JG UT WOS:000367206600016 ER PT J AU Gere, AR Swofford, SC Silver, N Pugh, M AF Gere, Anne Ruggles Swofford, Sarah C. Silver, Naomi Pugh, Melody TI Interrogating Disciplines/Disciplinarity in WAC/WID: An Institutional Study SO COLLEGE COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID DISCIPLINES; ETHNOGRAPHY AB Examination of the perspectives and experiences of faculty, graduate student instructors, and undergraduates participating in a WAC/WID program shows how discipline-focused WAC/WID principles are often resisted, interrogated, and subverted by all three groups of stakeholders. New disciplinarity, especially its concepts of borderlands and elasticity, offers a promising focus for WAC/WID. C1 [Gere, Anne Ruggles] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gere, Anne Ruggles] Sweetland Ctr Writing, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Gere, Anne Ruggles] CCCC, Sanford, NC USA. [Swofford, Sarah C.] Univ Michigan, Joint PhD Program English & Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Silver, Naomi] Univ Michigan, Sweetland Ctr Writing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pugh, Melody] US Air Force Acad, English, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gere, AR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL TEACHERS ENGLISH PI URBANA PA 1111 KENYON RD, URBANA, IL 61801 USA SN 0010-096X EI 1939-9006 J9 COLL COMPOS COMMUN JI Coll. Compost. Commun. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 67 IS 2 BP 243 EP 266 PG 24 WC Literature SC Literature GA CZ3SU UT WOS:000367025100006 ER PT J AU McGann, B Carter, CD Ombrello, T Do, H AF McGann, Brendan Carter, Campbell D. Ombrello, Timothy Do, Hyungrok TI Direct spectrum matching of laser-induced breakdown for concentration and gas density measurements in turbulent reacting flows SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE LIBS; High-speed turublent combustion; Laser breakdown; Concentration; Density measurement ID SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMA; FLAMES; AIR AB A direct spectrum matching method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is proposed to simultaneously measure gas density and concentration in turbulent reacting environments with improved measurement accuracy. The breakdown spectrum recorded in the target flow is directly matched with a spectrum out of a database consisting of various emission spectra recorded under well-defined conditions in a range of gas density and composition. It is shown that the wavelength, intensity and line width of the atom/ion emission lines in the spectrum indicate atom composition and gas density that are independent of parent molecular species in the target flow. Once a matching spectrum (within 550-830 nm containing O, H, N, and C lines) in the database of a known gas condition is found, the concentration and gas density at the location of the breakdown can be accurately derived. A 532-nm Nd:YAG laser with 10-Hz pulse repetition rate is used to induce breakdown in fuel/air mixtures in a variable pressure combustion chamber to build the spectrum database. In addition, it is used in a cavity flameholder of a model supersonic combustor to measure the gas density and concentration fields in a turbulent reacting environment. All the measurements are completed within 100 ns after laser firing, before breakdown affects the flow and the fast evolving environment alters the breakdown spectrum. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McGann, Brendan] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.; Ombrello, Timothy] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Do, Hyungrok] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Do, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hyungrok@snu.ac.kr FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0161] FX This work is supported by the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE, through the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, FA9550-12-1-0161, Program Officer: Dr. Chiping Li). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 2015 VL 162 IS 12 BP 4479 EP 4485 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.08.021 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CZ6KY UT WOS:000367211400008 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Szymczak, MS Burkhalter, KL Miller, MM AF Reeves, Will K. Szymczak, Mitchell Scott Burkhalter, Kristen L. Miller, Myrna M. TI LABORATORY VALIDATION OF THE SAND FLY FEVER VIRUS ANTIGEN ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Phlebovirus; Toscana virus; sandfly fever; assay; dipstick ID PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER; RIO-GRANDE; PHLEBOVIRUS; BUNYAVIRIDAE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARBOVIRUSES; DIVERSITY; DIPTERA AB Sandfly fever group viruses in the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) are widely distributed across the globe and are a cause of disease in military troops and indigenous peoples. We assessed the laboratory sensitivity and specificity of the Sand Fly Fever Virus Antigen Assay, a rapid dipstick assay designed to detect sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV) and Toscana virus (TOSV) against a panel of phleboviruses. The assay detected SFNV and TOSV, as well as other phleboviruses including Aguacate, Anahanga, Arumowot, Chagres, and Punta Toro viruses. It did not detect sandfly fever Sicilian, Heartland, Rio Grande, or Rift Valley fever viruses. It did not produce false positive results in the presence of uninfected sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) or Cache Valley virus, a distantly related bunyavirus. Results from this laboratory evaluation suggest that this assay may be used as a rapid field-deployable assay to detect sand flies infected with TOSV and SFNV, as well as an assortment of other phleboviruses. C1 [Reeves, Will K.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Szymczak, Mitchell Scott; Miller, Myrna M.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Burkhalter, Kristen L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBD, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Intramural Defense Health Program; 711th Human Performance Wing; Wyoming INBRE (IDeA Networks for Biomedical Research Excellence) FX This research was supported by the Intramural Defense Health Program and the 711th Human Performance Wing. We thank Major S. Davidson for providing dead L. longipalpis, Richard Thomas for his absolutely critical assistance with logistics, and the Armed Forces Pest Management Board for validating the need for field-deployable insect pathogen detection assays. We also thank Brandy Russell (Arbovirus Disease Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for propagating SFSV, SFNV, and HRTV. The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software. Do not cite this document for advertisement. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Army, the Department of Defense, Department of Health and Human Services, or the U.S. Government. Distribution A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Case Number: 88ABW-2015-2928, June 11, 2015, CDC number: 0900f3eb8131c033. Partial funding for this project was received from a Wyoming INBRE (IDeA Networks for Biomedical Research Excellence) undergraduate research fellowship for stipend support for M. Szymczak. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CZ5VL UT WOS:000367170300013 PM 26675463 ER PT J AU Rotondaro, MD Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Rotondaro, Matthew D. Zhdanov, Boris V. Knize, Randall J. TI Generalized treatment of magneto-optical transmission filters SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FARADAY FILTER; TEMPERATURE; POTASSIUM; RECEIVER AB This work has constructed a model for the theoretical analysis of generalized magneto-optical transmission filters for any relative angle between the light beam and the applied magnetic field. This model was experimentally validated and shows good agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental spectra. In addition, the value of examining magneto-optical filters for arbitrary angle cases was demonstrated by revealing an optimized filter with an equivalent noise bandwidth of 0.56 GHz, which is approximately a factor of 2 better than those previously reported. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Rotondaro, Matthew D.; Zhdanov, Boris V.; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rotondaro, MD (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.rotondaro@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2507 EP 2513 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.002507 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ6UN UT WOS:000367236600016 ER PT J AU Laksonen, RP Gasiewicz, NK AF Laksonen, Richard P., Jr. Gasiewicz, Nanci K. TI Implementing a Program for Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Venous Access Training, Policy and Procedure Development, Protocol Use, Competency, and Skill Tracking SO NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ultrasound guided; Intravenous access; Competency; Protocol ID DIFFICULT INTRAVENOUS ACCESS; BASILIC VEIN CANNULATION; VASCULAR ACCESS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; ED TECHNICIANS; GUIDANCE; PLACEMENT; SUCCESS AB Peripheral intravenous (IV) access provides a means to administer medications, IV fluids, and blood products and allows for the sampling of blood for analysis. The traditional approach to obtaining peripheral IV access relies on vessel visualization in the arm and/or palpation of the blood vessel beneath the skin. However, the general population is aging, obesity is commonplace, and IV drug abuse is widespread, making peripheral IV access difficult. Use of ultrasound-guided peripheral IV access fills a practice gap in safe patient care between traditional peripheral IV access methods of vein visualization and/or palpation and ultrasound-guided central venous access. C1 [Laksonen, Richard P., Jr.] US Air Force, Family Med, Med Operat Squadron 5, Med Grp 5, Minot AFB, ND 58705 USA. [Gasiewicz, Nanci K.] No Michigan Univ, Sch Nursing, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Laksonen, RP (reprint author), US Air Force, Family Med, Med Operat Squadron 5, Med Grp 5, 5th Bomb Wing, Minot AFB, ND 58705 USA. EM Richard.laksonen.1@us.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0029-6465 EI 1558-1357 J9 NURS CLIN N AM JI Nurs. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 50 IS 4 BP 771 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cnur.2015.07.010 PG 17 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA CZ2SR UT WOS:000366955400014 PM 26596664 ER PT J AU Gallagher, MA Martin, KM Perrin, AM AF Gallagher, Mark A. Martin, Kiel M. Perrin, Anna M. TI Alternative strategies: A systematic approach to generate strategy options SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Strategy formulation; Strategy options; Organizational goals; Long-range planning ID DIFFERENCE; OR/MS AB Strategy formulation for an organization requires generating alternative strategies to consider. We propose and demonstrate a systematic approach for generating strategy options. Our approach, which we call alternative strategies, is adapted from the intelligence community's "Alternative Futures," which others call "Scenario Planning." Based on the organization's core values, we develop strategy drivers that the organization may choose, express the choices as polar extremes, group them by compatibility, and select the two most influential groups as the axes of a 2 x 2 matrix, where each quadrant represents an alternative strategy. We evaluate these strategies accounting for the organization's range of potential activities and future uncertainty. We refine the quadrant strategies based on strategy drivers not included in the matrix axes and consider hybrid strategies. As a case study, we apply this technique to developing potential strategies for the United States Air Force. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gallagher, Mark A.] HQ US Air Force, Studies Anal & Assessments A9, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Martin, Kiel M.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Perrin, Anna M.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Martin, KM (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6G-131, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Mark.A.Gallagher16.civ@mail.mil; Kiel.Martin@usafa.edu; PerrinA3@msu.edu NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 101 BP 328 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2015.09.021 PG 10 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA CZ4YG UT WOS:000367108500027 ER PT J AU Bhattarai, K Ku, ZH Silva, S Jeon, J Kim, JO Lee, SJ Urbas, A Zhou, JF AF Bhattarai, Khagendra Ku, Zahyun Silva, Sinhara Jeon, Jiyeon Kim, Jun Oh Lee, Sang Jun Urbas, Augustine Zhou, Jiangfeng TI A Large-Area, Mushroom-Capped Plasmonic Perfect Absorber: Refractive Index Sensing and Fabry-Perot Cavity Mechanism SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; METAMATERIAL ABSORBER; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RESONANCE; WAVELENGTH; TERAHERTZ; NANOSENSORS; SENSORS; DESIGN; LIMIT AB In most plasmon resonance based sensor to date, only the surface of the sensor is accessible to the gas or liquid as the sensing target. In this work, an interferometric, lithographically fabricated, large-area, mushroom-capped plasmonic perfect absorber whose dielectric spacer is partially removed by a reactive-ion-etch process, thereby enabling the liquid to permeate into the sensitive region to a refractive index change, is demonstrated. Findings of this paper demonstrate experimentally and numerically that etching the spacer below the metamaterial resonator increases the spectral shift of the resonance wavelengths as the surrounding refractive index changes. The sensitivity and the figure of merit, as the measure of the sensor performance, are significantly improved. In this paper, it is shown that the plasmonic perfect absorber can be understood as a Fabry-Perot cavity bounded by a "resonator" mirror and metallic film, where the former exhibits a "quasi-open" boundary condition and leads to the characteristic feature of subwavelength thickness. C1 [Bhattarai, Khagendra; Silva, Sinhara; Zhou, Jiangfeng] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Ku, Zahyun; Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jeon, Jiyeon; Kim, Jun Oh; Lee, Sang Jun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sjlee@kriss.re.kr; jiangfengz@usf.edu RI Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 FU Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow grant [BR2013-123]; KRISS grants [GP2014-0028, JP2014-0009]; Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant - Korea government (MOTIE) [10046953]; AOARD grant - U.S. government (AFOSR/AOARD) [FA2386-14-1-4074] FX K.B. and Z.K. contributed equally to this work. The USF portion of this work was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow grant BR2013-123. The KRISS portion of this work was supported by the KRISS grants GP2014-0028 and JP2014-0009, the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant 10046953 funded by the Korea government (MOTIE), and the AOARD grant FA2386-14-1-4074 funded by the U.S. government (AFOSR/AOARD). NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 48 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1779 EP 1786 DI 10.1002/adom.201500231 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CY6LP UT WOS:000366520800013 ER PT J AU Butler, MA AF Butler, Michelle A. TI Rocky Mountain Psychological Association Report of the 85th Annual Meeting SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Butler, Michelle A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Butler, MA (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0003-066X EI 1935-990X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 70 IS 9 BP 868 EP 870 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CZ0RC UT WOS:000366812700012 ER PT J AU Avrutsky, I Smith, CW Cleary, JW Hendrickson, JR AF Avrutsky, Ivan Smith, Christian W. Cleary, Justin W. Hendrickson, Joshua R. TI Resonant Diffraction Into Symmetry-Prohibited Orders of Metal Gratings SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Diffraction gratings; surface plasmons; infrared; gratings AB We study, by numerical simulations and experimentally, the resonant diffraction by metal (Ag) gratings in the mid-IR (similar to 10 mu m) spectral range. The excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons facilitates narrow-band resonantly enhanced diffraction into symmetry-prohibited diffraction orders. We show that, even though the propagation losses for plasmonic modes are greatly reduced at longer wavelengths, the magnitude of the resonant diffraction peak remains limited due to diffraction into other, normally allowed, diffraction orders. The grating depth dependence of the resonant diffraction spectra indicates that with shallower gratings, the Q-factor of the resonance may become as large as 10(3)-10(4), while the magnitude of the peak is reduced. C1 [Avrutsky, Ivan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Smith, Christian W.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.; Hendrickson, Joshua R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Avrutsky, I (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM ivan.avrutsky@wayne.edu; cwsmith86@gmail.com; justin.cleary.1@us.af.mil; joshua.hendrickson.4@us.af.mil FU Center for Photonic and Multiscale Nanomaterials within the National Science Foundation through the Directorate for Biological Sciences [DMR 1120923]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory by Wyle; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY05COR, 12RY10COR] FX The work of I. Avrutsky was supported by the Center for Photonic and Multiscale Nanomaterials within the National Science Foundation through the Directorate for Biological Sciences under Grant DMR 1120923. The work of I. Avrutsky and C. W. Smith was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory supported by Wyle. The work of J. W. Cleary and J. R. Hendrickson was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract 12RY05COR and Contract 12RY10COR. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 51 IS 12 AR 6600209 DI 10.1109/JQE.2015.2501642 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CY8KV UT WOS:000366658200001 ER PT J AU McCormick, PM Higgins, T Blunt, SD Rangaswamy, M AF McCormick, Patrick M. Higgins, Thomas Blunt, Shannon D. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Adaptive Receive Processing of Spatially Modulated Physical Radar Emissions SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive filtering; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar; waveform diversity ID PULSE-COMPRESSION; WAVE-FORMS; ALGORITHM AB Inspired by the fixational movements of the human eye, fast-time spatial modulation was recently demonstrated as a particular physically realizable form of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar emission. The attendant coupling of the delay and angle dimensions has been shown to provide a modest improvement in spatial separation, even when using non-adaptive pulse compression and beamforming. Here this continuous emission paradigm is appropriately discretized and a joint delay-angle adaptive filtering strategy is developed that exploits the physical waveform-diverse emission structure to realize significant enhancement in target separability. C1 [McCormick, Patrick M.; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Higgins, Thomas] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCormick, PM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM pmccormick@ittc.ku.edu; sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Radar Division of U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The guest editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Maria Greco. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 EI 1941-0484 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1415 EP 1426 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2015.2467360 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CY5SD UT WOS:000366466800006 ER PT J AU Bell, KL Baker, CJ Smith, GE Johnson, JT Rangaswamy, M AF Bell, Kristine L. Baker, Christopher J. Smith, Graeme E. Johnson, Joel T. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Cognitive Radar Framework for Target Detection and Tracking SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Cognitive radar; fully adaptive radar; target tracking; track initiation; track termination; sensor management ID CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; MANAGEMENT; NETWORKS AB Most radar systems employ a feed-forward processing chain in which they first perform some low-level processing of received sensor data to obtain target detections and then pass the processed data on to some higher-level processor such as a tracker, which extracts information to achieve a system objective. System performance can be improved using adaptation between the information extracted from the sensor/processor and the design and transmission of subsequent illuminating waveforms. As such, cognitive radar systems offer much promise. In this paper, we develop a general cognitive radar framework for a radar system engaged in target tracking. The model includes the higher-level tracking processor and specifies the feedback mechanism and optimization criterion used to obtain the next set of sensor data. Both target detection (track initiation/termination) and tracking (state estimation) are addressed. By separating the general principles from the specific application and implementation details, our formulation provides a flexible framework applicable to the general tracking problem. We demonstrate how the general framework may be specialized for a particular problem using a distributed sensor model in which system resources (observation time on each sensor) are allocated to optimize tracking performance. The cognitive radar system is shown to offer significant performance gains over a standard feed-forward system. C1 [Bell, Kristine L.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Baker, Christopher J.; Smith, Graeme E.; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Baker, Christopher J.; Smith, Graeme E.; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bell, KL (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM bell@metsci.com; baker.1891@osu.edu; smith.8347@osu.edu; johnson.1374@osu.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil RI Smith, Graeme/I-3527-2016 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-13-M-1656, FA8650-14-C-1825] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contracts FA8650-13-M-1656 and FA8650-14-C-1825. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Government. The guest editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Maria Greco. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 EI 1941-0484 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2015.2465304 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CY5SD UT WOS:000366466800007 ER PT J AU Matveev, IB Ombrello, T AF Matveev, Igor B. Ombrello, Timothy TI Guest Editorial Special Issue on Plasma-Assisted Technologies 2015 production SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Matveev, Igor B.] Appl Plasma Technol LLC, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matveev, IB (reprint author), Appl Plasma Technol LLC, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 43 IS 12 SI SI BP 3961 EP 3963 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2499124 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CY5TE UT WOS:000366469500001 ER PT J AU Wolfe, T Francis, A Langley, D Petrosky, JC Roos, J Terzuoli, A Zens, T AF Wolfe, Timothy Francis, Ashley Langley, Derrick Petrosky, James C. Roos, Jason Terzuoli, Andrew Zens, Timothy TI Waveguide Mode Formation as a Potential Cause of Switch Failure in High-Power Wide-Bandgap Photoconductive Switches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charge carrier processes; charge carriers; high power microwave generation; photoconductivity; power semiconductor switches; semiconductor device breakdown; wide band gap semiconductors. AB The integration of photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) into pulsed power systems may have improvements over conventional switching, but failure modes occurring near the illuminated edge of PCSS devices between switching operations present a serious limiting factor. While these failure modes have previously been difficult to characterize, this paper proposes a theory for a potential contributing source of failure supported by observations derived from the results of an FDTD simulation on an optically excited semiconductor switch. A computational analysis combining both solid-state and electromagnetic physical models reveals what appears to be an unintentional waveguide-like behavior in the optically excited plasma-filled PCSS device in strong agreement with the documented observations in the experiment. The net effect of nonuniform charge carrier generation as a result of waveguidelike mode formation is theoretically assessed, and the additional areas of investigation into this pivotal problem area in the PCSS design are suggested. C1 [Wolfe, Timothy; Francis, Ashley; Langley, Derrick; Petrosky, James C.; Roos, Jason; Terzuoli, Andrew; Zens, Timothy] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wolfe, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sarah.francis@topper.wku.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4143 EP 4148 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2490042 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CY5TN UT WOS:000366470500011 ER PT J AU Liu, NY McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC AF Liu, Ningyu McHarg, Matthew G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. TI High-altitude electrical discharges associated with thunderstorms and lightning SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Starters; Jets; Gigantic jets; Sprites; Halos; Elves; Transient luminous events; Lightning; Streamers; Leaders; Imaging ID TRANSIENT LUMINOUS EVENTS; SPRITES94 AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; LOWER IONOSPHERE; BLUE JETS; SUBBREAKDOWN CONDITIONS; PHYSICAL-MECHANISMS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; GIGANTIC JETS; STREAMER; IONIZATION AB The purpose of this paper is to introduce electrical discharge phenomena known as transient luminous events above thunderstorms to the lightning protection community. Transient luminous events include the upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms known as starters, jets, and gigantic jets, and electrical discharges initiated in the lower ionosphere such as sprites, halos, and elves. We give an overview of these phenomena with a focus on starters, jets, gigantic jets, and sprites, because similar to ordinary lightning, streamers and leaders are basic components of these four types of transient luminous events. We present a few recent observations to illustrate their main properties and briefly review the theories. The research in transient luminous events has not only advanced our understanding of the effects of thunderstorms and lightning in the middle and upper atmosphere, but also improved our knowledge of basic electrical discharge processes critical for sparks and lightning. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Ningyu] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Liu, NY (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM nliu@fit.edu FU United States National Science Foundation [AGS-0955379, AGS-1348046, AGS-1104441] FX This research was supported in part by United States National Science Foundation Grants AGS-0955379 and AGS-1348046 to Florida Institute of Technology, and United States National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1104441 to University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 168 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 98 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.05.013 PN A PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ0JA UT WOS:000366789900015 ER PT J AU Phelan, TJ Abriola, LM Gibson, JL Smits, KM Christ, JA AF Phelan, Thomas J. Abriola, Linda M. Gibson, Jenny L. Smits, Kathleen M. Christ, John A. TI Development and application of a screening model for evaluating bioenhanced dissolution in DNAPL source zones SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCE; DNAPL; Enhanced dissolution; Reductive dechlorination; Modeling; Remediation ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; ENHANCED MASS-TRANSFER; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; POOL DISSOLUTION; NAPL DISSOLUTION; TRANSFER RATES AB In-situ bioremediation, a widely applied treatment technology for source zones contaminated with dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), has proven economical and reasonably efficient for long-term management of contaminated sites. Successful application of this remedial technology, however, requires an understanding of the complex interaction of transport, mass transfer, and biotransformation processes. The bioenhancement factor, which represents the ratio of DNAPL mass transfer under microbially active conditions to that which would occur under abiotic conditions, is commonly used to quantify the effectiveness of a particular bioremediation remedy. To date, little research has been directed towards the development and validation of methods to predict bioenhancement factors under conditions representative of real sites. This work extends an existing, first-order, bioenhancement factor expression to systems with zero-order and Monod kinetics, representative of many source-zone scenarios. The utility of this model for predicting the bioenhancement factor for previously published laboratory and field experiments is evaluated. This evaluation demonstrates the applicability of these simple bioenhancement factors for preliminary experimental design and analysis, and for assessment of dissolution enhancement in ganglia-contaminated source zones. For ease of application, a set of nomographs is presented that graphically depicts the dependence of bioenhancement factor on physicochemical properties. Application of these nomographs is illustrated using data from a well-documented field site. Results suggest that this approach can successfully capture field-scale, as well as column-scale, behavior. Sensitivity analyses reveal that bioenhanced dissolution will critically depend on in-situ biomass concentrations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phelan, Thomas J.; Christ, John A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Abriola, Linda M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Gibson, Jenny L.] Headquarters US Air Force, Directorate Civil Engineers, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Smits, Kathleen M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Phelan, TJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr STE 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM thomas.phelan@usafa.edu; linda.abriola@tufts.edu; jenny.l.gibson4.mil@mail.mil; ksmits@mines.edu; john.christ@usafa.edu RI Phelan, Thomas/H-3089-2013 OI Phelan, Thomas/0000-0003-2270-8416 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [W912HQ-13-C-0011, ER-2311] FX The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) supported this research under contract W912HQ-13-C-0011 (Project ER-2311). The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the agency sponsor. We would also like to acknowledge the very helpful comments of an anonymous reviewer regarding the appropriate incorporation of the different kinetic models. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 183 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.10.001 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CY6SQ UT WOS:000366539500001 PM 26484479 ER PT J AU McCollum, J Pantoya, ML Iacono, ST AF McCollum, Jena Pantoya, Michelle L. Iacono, Scott T. TI Catalyzing aluminum particle reactivity with a fluorine oligomer surface coating for energy generating applications SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Combustion; Aluminum fluoride; Fluorine; Flame speeds; Reactivity; Kinetics; Catalysis; Alumina catalysis ID MECHANICAL ACTIVATION; COMBUSTION; COMPOSITES; ENERGETICS; NANO AB Exothermic surface reaction between fluorine from a fluorine-containing polymer and the alumina (Al2O3) monolayer shell surrounding aluminum (Al) fuel particles promotes aluminum reactivity. This study investigates the reactivity of Al when coated with a liquid fluorinated oligomer, specifically perfluoropolyether (PFPE). Flame speeds, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and quadruple mass spectrometry (QMS) were performed for AI-PFPE blends with varying Al particle sizes (i.e., 80, 100, 120 and 5500 nm average diameter). The results show that the combustion performance of these blends is highly dependent on the Al2O3 exposed surface area that catalyzes the decomposition of PFPE. As Al particle diameter increases from 80 to 120 nm, the AI-PFPE blends exhibit an increase in flame speeds by 48% and a corresponding increase in surface exothermic reaction identified as a pre-ignition reaction (PIR) that promotes an increase in the calorific output of the main reaction. But, from 120 to 5500 nm Al-PFPE blends, flame speeds decrease by 93%. The higher activation energy and lower Al-Al2O3 particle surface area to volume ratio for micrometer-scale Al fails to significantly catalyze the PIR and results in reduced overall Al reactivity. These results introduce a new and simplified synthesis approach for catalyzing a PIR in Al that strategically promotes overall Al particle reactivity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McCollum, Jena; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), 2703 7th St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0250, W911NF-14-1-0417]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors are thankful for support from the Army Research Office award no. W911NF-14-1-0250 (and equipment support from award no. W911NF-14-1-0417) as well as encouragement from our program manager, Dr. Ralph Anthenien. The author STI acknowledges the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 EI 1873-3328 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 180 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.10.010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CZ0AZ UT WOS:000366768800033 ER PT J AU Jennings, JM AF Jennings, John M. TI Writing War: Soldiers Record the Japanese Empire SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Jennings, John M.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jennings, JM (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.jennings@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-4529 EI 1527-1897 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.1093/jsh/shv007 PG 2 WC History SC History GA CY4QW UT WOS:000366394300020 ER PT J AU Rowenhorst, D Rollett, AD Rohrer, GS Groeber, M Jackson, M Konijnenberg, PJ De Graef, M AF Rowenhorst, D. Rollett, A. D. Rohrer, G. S. Groeber, M. Jackson, M. Konijnenberg, P. J. De Graef, M. TI Consistent representations of and conversions between 3D rotations SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE 3D rotation; quaternion; crystallography AB In materials science the orientation of a crystal lattice is described by means of a rotation relative to an external reference frame. A number of rotation representations are in use, including Euler angles, rotation matrices, unit quaternions, Rodrigues-Frank vectors and homochoric vectors. Each representation has distinct advantages and disadvantages with respect to the ease of use for calculations and data visualization. It is therefore convenient to be able to easily convert from one representation to another. However, historically, each representation has been implemented using a set of often tacit conventions; separate research groups would implement different sets of conventions, thereby making the comparison of methods and results difficult and confusing. This tutorial article aims to resolve these ambiguities and provide a consistent set of conventions and conversions between common rotational representations, complete with worked examples and a discussion of the trade-offs necessary to resolve all ambiguities. Additionally, an open source Fortran-90 library of conversion routines for the different representations is made available to the community. C1 [Rowenhorst, D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rollett, A. D.; Rohrer, G. S.; De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Groeber, M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jackson, M.] BlueQuartz Software, Springboro, OH 45066 USA. [Konijnenberg, P. J.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Konijnenberg, P. J.] Bruker Nano GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Rowenhorst, D (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM David.Rowenhorst@nrl.navy.mil; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; rohrer@cmu.edu; mike.groeber@gmail.com; mike.jackson@bluequartz.net; p.konijnenberg@mpie.de; degraef@cmu.edu RI Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N0001414WX20779]; National Science Foundation [DMR 1435544]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MURI [FA9550-12-1-0458] FX DJR would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Naval Research Laboratory and the Structural Metallics Program of Office of Naval Research under contract # N0001414WX20779. ADR acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under contract # DMR 1435544. MDG would like to acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MURI contract # FA9550-12-1-0458, for financial support. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 23 IS 8 AR 083501 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/23/8/083501 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CZ0LM UT WOS:000366796400001 ER PT J AU McMillen, JD Steenburgh, WJ AF McMillen, John D. Steenburgh, W. James TI Capabilities and Limitations of Convection-Permitting WRF Simulations of Lake-Effect Systems over the Great Salt Lake SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL FORECAST VERIFICATION; OBJECT-BASED VERIFICATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; EFFECT SNOWSTORM; PART II; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; ORIENTED VERIFICATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Although previous studies suggest that the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model can produce physically realistic banded Great Salt Lake-effect (GSLE) precipitation features, the accuracy and reliability of these simulations for forecasting applications remains unquantified. The ability of the WRF to simulate nonbanded GSLE features is also unknown. This paper uses subjective, traditional, and object-based verification to evaluate convection-permitting (1.33-km grid spacing) WRF simulations of 11 banded and 8 nonbanded GSLE events. In all simulations, the WRF was configured with the Thompson microphysics and the Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boundary layer parameterizations. Subjectively, a majority of the simulations of banded GSLE events produce physically realistic precipitation features. In contrast, simulations of nonbanded GSLE events rarely produce physically realistic precipitation features and sometimes erroneously produce banded precipitation features. Simulations of banded GSLE events produce equitable threat scores (ETSs) comparable to other convective-storm verification studies, whereas simulations of nonbanded events exhibit lower ETSs. Object-based verification shows that the WRF tends to generate precipitation to the right (relative to the flow) and downstream of observed. These results, although based on a specific WRF parameterization suite, suggest that deterministic prediction of GSLE using convection-permitting models will prove challenging in practice with current numerical models. In addition, identifying and addressing the causes of the rightward and downstream precipitation bias is necessary to achieve optimal performance from future probabilistic and/or deterministic high-resolution forecast systems. C1 [McMillen, John D.; Steenburgh, W. James] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP McMillen, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, 2049 Monahan Way,Bldg 91, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcmillen@us.af.mil FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262090]; NOAA/National Weather Service C-STAR program [NA13NWS5680003]; U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) program FX This work was conducted in the pursuit of a doctor of philosophy degree by JDM with valuable input provided by committee members Larry Dunn, Steven Krueger, Jan Paegle, and Zhaoxia Pu. We also thank Trevor Alcott, Jeff Massey, Leah Campbell, and Peter Veals for their scientific assistance and reviews of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of datasets, software, and/or computer time and services provided by NCDC, NCEP, NCAR, Unidata, and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing. This article is based in part on research supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262090 and the NOAA/National Weather Service C-STAR program under Grant NA13NWS5680003. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation or the NOAA/National Weather Service nor of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. JDM gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) program. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1731 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0017.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3EL UT WOS:000366987100001 ER PT J AU Shaffer, HL Harnish, DA McDonald, M Vernon, RA Heimbuch, BK AF Shaffer, Harry L. Harnish, Delbert A. McDonald, Michael Vernon, Reid A. Heimbuch, Brian K. TI Sterility maintenance study: Dynamic evaluation of sterilized rigid containers and wrapped instrument trays to prevent bacterial ingress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bacterial contamination; Microbial barrier; Rigid container; Sterility maintenance; Sterilization; Sterilization wrap; Surgical site infection; Surgical tools ID SURGICAL-SITE INFECTIONS; SYSTEMS AB Background: Sterilized packaging systems are designed to maintain the sterility of surgical instruments and devices from the time of sterilization until use. This study evaluated the effectiveness of rigid containers versus wrapped instrument trays, sterilized using North American sterilization protocols, to maintain a sterile internal environment poststerilization when challenged with aerosolized bacteria under dynamic environmental conditions. Methods: Using a custom aerosol chamber, 111 rigid containers of various durations of use (unused, used <5 years, used 5-9 years) and 161 wrapped trays using 3 grades of sterilization wrap were challenged with similar to 10(2) colony-forming units per liter of air containing aerosolized Micrococcus luteus with a count median particle size of 1 mu m, while simultaneously experiencing air volume exchanges due to vacuum cycles-two 1-psi cycles, three 0.7-psi cycles, and three 0.4-psi cycles-to simulate air exchange events occurring during the sterilization, transportation, and storage of sterilized instrument trays in health care facilities. Results: Of 111 rigid containers tested, 97 (87%) demonstrated bacterial ingress into the container. Of 161 wrapped trays, 0 (0%) demonstrated bacterial ingress into the tray. Contamination rates of rigid containers increased significantly with increasing duration of use. Conclusions: In this study using a dynamic bacterial aerosol challenge, sterilized wrapped trays demonstrated significantly greater protection than sterilized rigid containers against the ingress of airborne bacteria. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. C1 [Shaffer, Harry L.] Sterilizat Consulting Serv LLC, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129 USA. [Harnish, Delbert A.; McDonald, Michael; Heimbuch, Brian K.] Appl Res Associates, Engn Sci Div, Panama City, FL USA. [Vernon, Reid A.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Shaffer, HL (reprint author), Sterilizat Consulting Serv LLC, 10051 Oak Leaf Way, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129 USA. EM shafferscs@gmail.com FU Halyard Health FX This research was funded by Halyard Health (formerly Kimberly-Clark Healthcare). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 EI 1527-3296 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1336 EP 1341 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.07.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA CX9EU UT WOS:000366008600019 PM 26337855 ER PT J AU Wang, FF Meng, DC Li, XN Zhu, Z Fu, ZP Lu, YL AF Wang, Fangfang Meng, Dechao Li, Xiaoning Zhu, Zhu Fu, Zhengping Lu, Yalin TI Influence of annealing temperature on the crystallization and ferroelectricity of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 film SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CH3NH3PbI3; Ferroelectricity; Annealing; Photoluminescence ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELL; HALIDE PEROVSKITE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; THIN-FILMS; ORIGIN AB Organometal halide perovskite materials are emerging as solar cell materials, but the understanding of its performance is not yet enough, especially in its ferroelectricity which is important for the separation of photo-generated carriers. In this paper, we report investigations on influences of annealing temperature on the ferroelectricity of solution-processed methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) thin film. It is found that annealing temperature has significant effect on the crystallinity and the crystal size, which further affects the ferroelectricity and the luminescence property. It indicates that the crystallization degree of the thin film and the uniformity of crystal growth are gradually getting better, and the phase contrast of positive polarization areas and negative polarization areas are gradually strengthened. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Fangfang; Meng, Dechao; Li, Xiaoning; Zhu, Zhu; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, ZP (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences [211134KYSB20130017]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000] FX This work was financially supported by the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences (211134KYSB20130017) and the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000). NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 357 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.023 PN A PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CY2CR UT WOS:000366216900051 ER PT J AU Stewart, IJ Sosnov, JA Howard, JT Orman, JA Fang, R Morrow, BD Zonies, DH Bollinger, M Tuman, C Freedman, BA Chung, KK AF Stewart, Ian J. Sosnov, Jonathan A. Howard, Jeffrey T. Orman, Jean A. Fang, Raymond Morrow, Benjamin D. Zonies, David H. Bollinger, Mary Tuman, Caroline Freedman, Brett A. Chung, Kevin K. TI Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes After Combat Injury A Hidden Cost of War SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; kidney; mortality ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; VA HEALTH-CARE; MILITARY SERVICE; COMPETING RISK; PREVALENCE; SEVERITY; SYSTEM; AKI; HYPERTENSION AB Background During the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, 52087 service members have been wounded in combat. The long-term sequelae of these injuries have not been carefully examined. We sought to determine the relation between markers of injury severity and the subsequent development of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Methods and Results Retrospective cohort study of critically injured US military personnel wounded in Iraq or Afghanistan from February 1, 2002 to February 1, 2011. Patients were then followed until January 18, 2013. Chronic disease outcomes were assessed by International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition codes and causes of death were confirmed by autopsy. From 6011 admissions, records were excluded because of missing data or if they were for an individual's second admission. Patients with a disease diagnosis of interest before the injury date were also excluded, yielding a cohort of 3846 subjects for analysis. After adjustment for other factors, each 5-point increment in the injury severity score was associated with a 6%, 13%, 13%, and 15% increase in incidence rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, respectively. Acute kidney injury was associated with a 66% increase in rates of hypertension and nearly 5-fold increase in rates of chronic kidney disease. Conclusions In Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, the severity of combat injury was associated with the subsequent development of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. C1 [Stewart, Ian J.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis Afb, CA 94535 USA. [Stewart, Ian J.; Sosnov, Jonathan A.; Morrow, Benjamin D.; Chung, Kevin K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sosnov, Jonathan A.; Morrow, Benjamin D.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Howard, Jeffrey T.; Orman, Jean A.; Chung, Kevin K.] US Army Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fang, Raymond] US Air Force Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness S, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zonies, David H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Bollinger, Mary] South Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Tuman, Caroline; Freedman, Brett A.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Afb, CA 94535 USA. EM ian.stewart@us.af.mil FU Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education FX This study was funded in part by a postdoctoral fellowship provided by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0009-7322 EI 1524-4539 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 132 IS 22 BP 2126 EP 2133 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016950 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA CY1SE UT WOS:000366187100005 PM 26621637 ER PT J AU Azad, JB Rezadad, I Peale, RE Cleary, JW Eyink, K AF Azad, Javaneh Boroumand Rezadad, Imen Peale, Robert E. Cleary, Justin W. Eyink, Kurt TI Ultraviolet-Assisted Release of Microelectromechanical Systems From Polyimide Sacrificial Layer SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Microelectromechanical systems; semiconductor devices; polyimides; release; ultraviolet; sacrificial layer ID UNCOOLED IR IMAGER; 5 MK NEDT; INFRARED DETECTOR; RF MEMS; MICROBOLOMETERS; CANTILEVERS; FABRICATION; SUBSTRATE; STICTION; DEVICE AB Process heating of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) devices hardens polyimide sacrificial layers, complicating the final release and lowering yield for delicate structures. This paper reports ultraviolet (UV)-assisted release, which is demonstrated on an MEMS cantilever fabricated by an eight-mask photolithographic process. A commercial co-developable polyimide ProLift 100 (Brewer Science) sacrificial layer was used. The process subjects the device to multiple heat treatment steps. Both wet chemical etching and dry reactive ion etching were explored. During the former, large sheets of hardened polyimide floated free of the substrate to damage delicate MEMS structures. The latter is typically slow, so that grass appears during long exposures to plasma ions. The solution reported here is UV exposure prior to release. Optical constants of the sacrificial layer material, which were baked to simulate thermal histories during various fabrication steps, were measured to understand the effectiveness of UV exposure. Wet and dry etch rates were measured as a function of UV dose. Finally, the advantages of UV pretreatment were demonstrated during the release of actual MEMS cantilevers. [2015-0193] C1 [Azad, Javaneh Boroumand; Rezadad, Imen; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.; Eyink, Kurt] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Azad, JB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM javaneh@knights.ucf.edu; imen@knights.ucf.edu; robert.peale@ucf.edu; justin.cleary.1@us.af.mil; kurt.eyink@us.af.mil OI Boroumand, Javaneh/0000-0001-5866-7404 FU Florida High Technology Corridor under the I-4 Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by Florida High Technology Corridor under the I-4 Program. The work of J. W. Cleary was support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Subject Editor H. Jiang. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 24 IS 6 BP 2027 EP 2032 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2015.2463096 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CX8XB UT WOS:000365987000041 ER PT J AU Guha, S Barnes, JO Schunemann, PG AF Guha, Shekhar Barnes, Jacob O. Schunemann, Peter G. TI Mid-wave infrared generation by difference frequency mixing of continuous wave lasers in orientation-patterned Gallium Phosphide SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL DEVICES; SUBLATTICE REVERSAL EPITAXY; GAAS; GROWTH; GAP AB Frequency conversion of continuous wave beams was observed for the first time in orientation patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) through difference frequency generation of 3400.5 nm light from mixing of 1064.6 nm and 1549.8 nm fiber laser beams. The dependence of the power of the generated beam on the polarization states of the two incident beams was studied theoretically and experimentally. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Guha, Shekhar; Barnes, Jacob O.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barnes, Jacob O.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shekhar.guha@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2911 EP 2923 DI 10.1364/OME.5.002911 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CX9SO UT WOS:000366045900021 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Shi, JJ Baca, FJ Emergo, R Wilt, J Haugan, TJ AF Wu, J. Z. Shi, J. J. Baca, F. J. Emergo, R. Wilt, J. Haugan, T. J. TI Controlling BaZrO3 nanostructure orientation in YBa2Cu3O7-delta films for a three-dimensional pinning landscape SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE YBCO nanocomposite film; nanostructure; flux pinning; lattice strain; critical current; impurity doping ID COLUMNAR DEFECTS; COATED CONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VORTEX MOTION; THIN-FILMS; ANGLES; CONFIGURATIONS; NANORODS; SPLAY AB The orientation phase diagram of self-assembled BaZrO3 (BZO) nanostructures in c-oriented YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films on flat and vicinal SrTiO3 substrates was studied experimentally with different dopant concentrations and vicinal angles and theoretically using a micromechanical model based on the theory of elasticity. The organized BZO nanostructure configuration was found to be tunable, between c-axis to ab-plane alignment, by the dopant concentration in the YBCO film matrix strained via lattice mismatched substrates. The correlation between the local strain caused by the BZO doping and the global strain on the matrix provides a unique approach for controllable growth of dopant nanostructure landscapes. In particular, a mixed phase of the c-axis-aligned nanorods and the ab-plane-aligned planar nanostructures can be obtained, leading to a three-dimensional pinning landscape with single impurity doping and much improved J(c) in almost all directions of applied magnetic field. C1 [Wu, J. Z.; Shi, J. J.; Baca, F. J.; Emergo, R.; Wilt, J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Haugan, T. J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM jwu@ku.edu FU NSF [NSF-DMR-1105986, NSF-DMR-1337737, NSF-DMR-1508494]; ARO [ARO-W911NF-0910295] FX The authors acknowledge support in part by the NSF and ARO under grants NSF-DMR-1105986, NSF-DMR-1337737, NSF-DMR-1508494, and ARO-W911NF-0910295. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 12 AR 125009 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/28/12/125009 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CY3DI UT WOS:000366288100018 ER PT J AU Snyder, RD Thomas, EL Voevodin, AA AF Snyder, Ryan D. Thomas, Evan L. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Material optimization via combinatorial deposition and analysis for thermoelectric thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectrics; Thin films; Combinatorial; Automated analysis ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; PSEUDO-VOIGT FUNCTION; CA3CO4O9 CERAMICS; OXIDE MATERIALS; PEAK DETECTION; CU AB This work presents a custom, high-throughput combinatorial approach for the optimization of thermoelectric thin films consisting of materials with complex chemistry and structures (e.g., the layered misfit cobaltite, Ca3FexCo4-xO9). Combinatorial thin films with graded compositions are produced on 100 mm Si wafers from multiple target materials using pulsed laser deposition. Film thickness and composition are mapped as a function of wafer location. Crystal structures are determined using x-y mapping XRD analysis with specially designed algorithms for automated peak location and analysis. Thermoelectric properties, specifically the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity, are screened using a custom designed automated probe system. By combining the rapid synthesis of many compositions and structures simultaneously using combinatorial deposition and automated analytical tools capable of spatial mapping, trends in material performance are shown to be quickly obtained primarily due to the elimination of one-at-a-time synthesis and analysis. The possible approaches for such complex multivalent combinatorial optimization of thin films are identified and discussed. For the Ca3FexCo4-xO9 system presented, variations to the thermoelectric power factor are dominated by changes in the electrical resistivity. Enhancements to the Seebeck coefficient are observed due to the incorporation of Fe into the Ca3FexCo4-xO9 structure; however, this improvement is overshadowed by increases in the electrical resistivity due to variations in film thickness and the presence of secondary phases (Co3O4 and Ca2Fe2O5) which result from increasing Fe content and off-axis pulsed laser deposition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Snyder, Ryan D.; Thomas, Evan L.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Snyder, Ryan D.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Thomas, Evan L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, EL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM evan.thomas.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU AFRL/Aerospace Systems Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Charlie Ebbing, Mr. Lyle Brunke, and Mr. John Murphy for technical support, Mr. Tom Boehnlein for Labview programming support, and the AFRL/Aerospace Systems Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 596 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.08.054 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY1YQ UT WOS:000366204900038 ER PT J AU Wiese, DP Annaswamy, AM Muse, JA Bolender, MA Lavretsky, E AF Wiese, Daniel P. Annaswamy, Anuradha M. Muse, Jonathan A. Bolender, Michael A. Lavretsky, Eugene TI Adaptive Output Feedback Based on Closed-Loop Reference Models for Hypersonic Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC APPROACH; SQUARE SYSTEMS; DESIGN; ZEROS AB This paper presents a new method of synthesizing an output feedback adaptive controller for a class of uncertain, nonsquare multi-input/multioutput systems that often occur in hypersonic vehicle models. The main challenge that needs to be addressed is the determination of a corresponding square and strictly positive real transfer function. This paper proposes a new procedure to synthesize two gain matrices that allow the realization of such a transfer function, thereby allowing a globally stable adaptive output feedback law to be generated. The unique features of this output feedback adaptive controller are a baseline controller that uses a Luenberger observer, a closed-loop reference model, manipulations of a bilinear matrix inequality, and the Kalman-Yakubovich lemma. Using these features, a simple design procedure is proposed for the adaptive controller, and the corresponding stability property is established. The proposed adaptive controller is compared to the classical multi-input/multioutput adaptive controller. A numerical example based on a scramjet-powered blended-wing/body generic hypersonic vehicle model is presented. The six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model is linearized, giving the design model for which the controller is synthesized. The adaptive output feedback controller is then applied to an evaluation model, which is nonlinear, coupled, and includes actuator dynamics; and it is shown to result in stable tracking in the presence of uncertainties that destabilize the baseline linear output feedback controller. C1 [Wiese, Daniel P.; Annaswamy, Anuradha M.] MIT, Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Muse, Jonathan A.; Bolender, Michael A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lavretsky, Eugene] Boeing Co, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. RP Wiese, DP (reprint author), MIT, Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Rm 3-441, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory/Aerospace Systems Directorate Grant [FA 8650-07-2]; Boeing Strategic University Initiative FX This research is funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Aerospace Systems Directorate Grant FA 8650-07-2 for the Michigan/MIT/AFRL Collaborative Center in Control Sciences and the Boeing Strategic University Initiative. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2429 EP 2440 DI 10.2514/1.G001098 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CX5ML UT WOS:000365745700015 ER PT J AU Dong, CF Zhang, P Chernin, D Lau, YY Hoff, BW Simon, DH Wong, P Greening, GB Gilgenbach, RM AF Dong, C. F. Zhang, Peng Chernin, David Lau, Y. Y. Hoff, Brad W. Simon, D. H. Wong, Patrick Greening, Geoffrey B. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. TI Harmonic Content in the Beam Current in a Traveling-Wave Tube SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Current modulation; frequency multiplier; harmonic generation; traveling-wave tube (TWT) AB In a klystron, charge overtaking of electrons leads to an infinity of ac current on the electron beam. This paper extends the klystron theory of orbital bunching to a traveling-wave tube (TWT). We calculate the harmonic content of the beam current in a TWT that results from an input signal of a single frequency. We assume that the electron orbits are governed by Pierce's classical three-wave, linear theory. The crowding of these linear orbits may lead to charge overtaking and, therefore, harmonic generation on the beam current, as in a klystron. We analytically calculate the buildup of harmonic content as a function of tube length from the input, and compare the results with the CHRISTINE code. Good agreement is found. Also found is the surprisingly high level of harmonic contents in the electron beam current, even when the TWT operates in the small signal regime. A dimensionless bunching parameter for a TWT, X = (2P(in)/(PbC))(1/2), is identified, which characterizes the harmonic content in the ac beam current, where Pin is the input power of the signal, P-b is the dc beam power, and C is Pierce's gain parameter. C1 [Dong, C. F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, Peng; Lau, Y. Y.; Simon, D. H.; Wong, Patrick; Greening, Geoffrey B.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chernin, David] Leidos Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dcfy@umich.edu; umpeng@umich.edu; david.p.chernin@leidos.com; yylau@umich.edu; brad.hoff@us.af.mil; dhsimon@umich.edu; pywong@umich.edu; geofgree@umich.edu; rongilg@umich.edu RI Dong, Chuanfei/E-6485-2010; Simon, David/L-8446-2016 OI Dong, Chuanfei/0000-0002-8990-094X; Simon, David/0000-0001-8666-995X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-15-1-0097]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0566]; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9451-14-1-0374] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-15-1-0097, in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-13-1-0566, in part by the L-3 Communications Electron Device Division, and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA9451-14-1-0374. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor M. Thumm. (Corresponding author: Y. Y. Lau.) NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 12 BP 4279 EP 4286 DI 10.1109/TED.2015.2490584 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CW8CB UT WOS:000365225700053 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM El-Awady, JA Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. El-Awady, J. A. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Woodward, C. TI Screw dislocation cross slip at cross-slip plane jogs and screw dipole annihilation in FCC Cu and Ni investigated via atomistic simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cross-slip; Jogs; Screw dipole annihilation; Atomistic simulations; Nickel; Copper ID CENTERED-CUBIC NICKEL; PURE COPPER; INTERSECTIONS; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALS; METALS AB Using atomistic simulations, the effect of jogs on the cross-slip of screw character dislocations and screw-dipole annihilation was examined for both FCC Cu and Ni. The stress-free activation energy for cross-slip at jogs is close to 0.4 eV in Cu, determined using a nudged elastic band method. This value is a factor of 4- to-5 lower than the activation energy for cross-slip of screw dislocations in the absence of a jog. Similar results were obtained for Ni. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the annihilation of a jog-containing screw dipole. The critical Escaig stress on the glide plane for dipole annihilation drops quickly from the 0 K value of similar to 400 MPa and, dipole annihilation is nearly athermal at room temperature. At 5 K, Escaig stresses on the cross-slip plane are a factor of 1.5 less effective than Escaig stresses on the glide plane and, glide stresses on the cross-slip plane are a factor of 3 less effective for dipole annihilation by cross-slip. The activation volume for cross-slip of screw dislocations at jogs with respect to these three stress components range from 6 to 20b(3). These results have been found to be useful in physics-based modeling of bulk cross-slip in higher length scale 3D dislocation dynamics simulations investigating dislocation pattern formation and fatigue structures in FCC crystals. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uchic, M. D.; Woodward, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.] BlueQuartz Software LLC, Springboro, OH 45066 USA. [El-Awady, J. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rao, S. I.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM car894@aol.com OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU AFOSR FX The authors acknowledge use of the 3D molecular dynamics code, LAMMPS, that was developed at Sandia National Laboratory by Dr. Steve Plimpton and co-workers. The authors acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. L.P. Kubin of ONERA and Prof. L.M. Brown of Cambridge University during the course of this work. This work was supported by AFOSR (Dr. David Stargel), and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. The work was performed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 101 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.070 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CV4RN UT WOS:000364254300002 ER PT J AU Shewhart, AT Polanka, MD Robertson, JJ Greiner, NJ Rutledge, JL AF Shewhart, Andrew T. Polanka, Marc D. Robertson, Jacob J. Greiner, Nathan J. Rutledge, James L. TI Minimization of Heat Load Due to Secondary Reactions in Fuel Rich Environments SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The demand for increased thrust, higher engine efficiency, and reduced fuel consumption has increased the turbine inlet temperature and pressure in modern gas turbine engines. The outcome of these higher temperatures and pressures is the potential for unconsumed radical species to enter the turbine. Because modern cooling schemes for turbine blades involve injecting cool, oxygen-rich air adjacent to the surface, the potential for reaction with radicals in the mainstream flow, and augmented heat transfer to the blade arises. This result is contrary to the purpose of film cooling. In this environment, there is a competing desire to consume any free radicals prior to the flow entering the rotor stage while still maintaining surface temperatures below the metal melting temperature. This study evaluated various configurations of multiple cylindrical rows of cooling holes in terms of both heat release and effective downstream cooling. Results were evaluated based on net heat flux reduction (NHFR) and a new wall absorption (WA) parameter which combined the additional heat available from these secondary reactions with the length of the resulting flame to determine which schemes protected the wall more efficiently. Two particular schemes showed promise. The two row upstream configuration reduced the overall augmentation of heat by creating a short, concentrated reaction area. Conversely, the roll forward configuration minimized the local heat flux enhancement by spreading the reaction area over the surface being cooled. C1 [Shewhart, Andrew T.; Polanka, Marc D.; Robertson, Jacob J.; Greiner, Nathan J.; Rutledge, James L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polanka, MD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Marc.Polanka@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2015 VL 137 IS 12 AR 121504 DI 10.1115/1.4030520 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CV6SX UT WOS:000364402000006 ER PT J AU Shi, SY Bai, J Nelson, R Schuetz, C Yao, P Schneider, GJ Zhang, YF Prather, DW AF Shi, Shouyuan Bai, Jian Nelson, Robert Schuetz, Chris Yao, Peng Schneider, Garrett J. Zhang, Yifei Prather, Dennis W. TI Ultrawideband Optically Fed Tightly Coupled Phased Array SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optically-fed phased array; photodiode; RF photonics; tightly-coupled array antenna; ultra-wideband ID ANTENNA PUMA ARRAY; PHOTODIODE; SCAN AB We present an optically fed tightly coupled array (TCA) antenna capable of ultrawideband operation ranging from 4-12 GHz. Full-wave simulations have been performed to yield an optimal array design incorporating all required components into the photodiode-integrated antenna model. Various techniques, such as inductance peaking and resistance matching, are employed to overcome inherent constraints in conventional TCAs, thereby improving the operational bandwidth. To demonstrate the concept, an 8x8 phased array transmitter, containing four active radiating elements, has been fabricated and integrated on a multilayer high-frequency substrate. The system performance has been evaluated by feeding this array with an optical feed network. The experiment demonstrates that the system possesses ultrawide bandwidth over the frequency range from 4-12 GHz, and wide beam-steering capability up to 40 degrees from the broadside. Electrically controlled optical beam steering is demonstrated and characterized, and far-fields are measured, and compared with simulation results, showing good agreement. C1 [Shi, Shouyuan; Yao, Peng; Schneider, Garrett J.; Zhang, Yifei; Prather, Dennis W.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bai, Jian] Freescale Semicond Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Nelson, Robert] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schuetz, Chris] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Schuetz, Chris] Phase Sensit Innovat Inc, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Shi, SY (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM sshi@udel.edu; jbai@udel.edu; Robert.Nelson@wpafb.af.mil; cschuetz@udel.edu; yaopeng@udel.edu; gschneid@UDel.Edu; zyf@udel.edu; dprather@udel.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Paterson AFB [S-875-121-003]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Federal Government agencies FX This work was supported in part by the Meta-program from Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Paterson AFB under Contract S-875-121-003, in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and in part by the Federal Government agencies. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 23 BP 4781 EP 4790 DI 10.1109/JLT.2015.2487739 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA CW2PQ UT WOS:000364835100001 ER PT J AU Kannon, TE Nurre, SG Lunday, BJ Hill, RR AF Kannon, Tanya E. Nurre, Sarah G. Lunday, Brian J. Hill, Raymond R. TI The aircraft routing problem with refueling SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aircraft routing; Network routing; Node splitting; Mixed-integer linear programming; Dynamic programming ID SHORTEST-PATH PROBLEM; VEHICLE; ALGORITHMS AB In this paper, we present, test, and compare two novel methods to solve the aircraft routing problem with aerial refueling with a multicriteria objective function. We present a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that utilizes a combination of a network transformation and a formulation that creatively decouples refueling decisions from the nodes within the network. We also present a dynamic program (DP) that, when coupled with an alternative network transformation to account for the multiple criteria within the objective function, applies a node-labeling approach based on a modification of Dijkstra's algorithm. We test and compare these alternative solution methods on a set of 264 synthetically-generated instances representing 66 combinations of network size and the frequency of aerial refueling point availability. Invoking CPLEX using the C++ callable library to solve the MILP and applying the DP in C++, we found that the application of the DP yields a 98.97 % reduction in the required computational effort, on average, relative to the MILP; the MILP fails to find an optimal solution within a 3,600-s time limit for selected instances of networks having at least 80 nodes and for all instances of networks having at least 350 nodes. In contrast, the DP is more robust than the MILP, as it only requires longer than 3,600 s to solve selected instances of networks having more than 3,000 nodes. C1 [Kannon, Tanya E.; Nurre, Sarah G.; Lunday, Brian J.; Hill, Raymond R.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kannon, Tanya E.] US Air Force, Dept Strateg Plans & Programs, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Lunday, BJ (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci ENS, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.lunday@afit.edu OI Lunday, Brian/0000-0001-5191-4361 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 EI 1862-4480 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1609 EP 1624 DI 10.1007/s11590-015-0849-8 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA CW0VN UT WOS:000364708000009 ER PT J AU Grabinski, CM Hussain, SM Sankaran, RM AF Grabinski, Christin M. Hussain, Saber M. Sankaran, R. Mohan TI Simulations of submicron aerosol deposition at an air-liquid interface for in vitro toxicology SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Deposition; Dosimetry; In vitro; Submicron particles; Aerosols; Toxicity ID MULTIPLE-PATH MODEL; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; HUMAN-LUNG; PARTICULATE MATTER; EXPOSURE SYSTEM; CELL EXPOSURE; NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NANOMATERIALS AB Submicron particles released during the lifecycle of nano-enabled products and as a byproduct of air pollution and occupational processes are a potential health risk. Recent advancements to in vitro model systems have been proposed to assess the toxicity of particulate materials resulting from inhalation. The reliability of these models depends on the introduction and deposition of aerosolized particles on cells at an air-liquid interface. However, chamber geometry, gas flow rate, electric field, and other process parameters significantly impact how particles deposit at this interface. Here, we carried out finite element modeling to describe the transport and deposition of submicron aerosolized particles. Simulations were performed using multiphysics software on a typical in vitro exposure chamber design, and results were compared to analytical approximations for deposition efficiency. Deposition experiments were also systematically carried out to validate the modeling predictions. Our results show how deposition depends on various process parameters. To achieve efficient deposition without focusing, the electric field strength and gas flow rate must be balanced; at high gas flow rates, higher electric fields are required to achieve deposition. Further, we find that AC electric fields at the appropriate frequency can increase deposition above DC fields at similar strengths. Overall, the study establishes simulation approaches for the design of in vitro aerosol deposition chambers and relates key process parameters to deposition, which is critical to controlling the dose of submicron aerosols in in vitro toxicology experiments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grabinski, Christin M.; Sankaran, R. Mohan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Grabinski, Christin M.; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grabinski, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioeffects Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christin.grabinski.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [1264-1264-04]; U.S. Air Force Surgeon General [FA8650-10-2-6062]; AFOSR YIP Program [FA9550-10-1-0160] FX This work was funded by the Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (contract number 1264-1264-04) (to C.M.G.) and the U.S. Air Force Surgeon General (contract number FA8650-10-2-6062). We thank Prof. Harihara Baskaran at Case Western Reserve University for access to the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. R.M.S. acknowledges the AFOSR YIP Program under Award no. FA9550-10-1-0160 for also supporting this work. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 90 BP 87 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.08.005 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV3CS UT WOS:000364136400008 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Varshney, V Roy, AK Farmer, BL AF Sihn, Sangwook Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. TI Modeling for predicting strength of carbon nanostructures SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-MODULI; NANOTUBES; SINGLE; FRACTURE; FAILURE; ELEMENT AB We have developed a computational scheme to predict stiffness and strength of carbon nanostructures under various loading modes. The prediction method is based on combined molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations to approach a global energy minimum at a given loading level with a preset temperature tolerance of 10(-6)K. We have applied the present method to various carbon nanostructures including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, CNT with defects, a CNT-graphene junction and pillared graphene nanostructures. For all cases, we have identified the maximum stress and strain at failure of these carbon nanostructures as well as their critical failure modes, and discussed mechanisms that lead to their catastrophic failure. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sihn, Sangwook; Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Farmer, Barry L.] AFRL RXAN, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sihn, Sangwook] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonstruct Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonstruct Mat Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@alumni.stanford.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-D-5011]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-07-D-5800-45] FX This work was financially supported by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Air Force Office of Scientific Research with Contract Nos. FA8650-10-D-5011 and FA8650-07-D-5800-45, respectively. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2015 VL 95 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CU1WM UT WOS:000363312900022 ER PT J AU Rao, R Islam, AE Pierce, N Nikolaev, P Maruyama, B AF Rao, Rahul Islam, Ahmad E. Pierce, Neal Nikolaev, Pavel Maruyama, Benji TI Chiral angle-dependent defect evolution in CVD-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SITU RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; STONE-WALES DEFECTS; POINT-DEFECTS; GRAPHENE; TERMINATION; WATER; ENERGETICS; CATALYSTS; GRAPHITE AB Defects are ubiquitous in nanomaterials and it is critical to understand and control defect densities in these materials for electronic, chemical, and mechanical applications. Until now the relationship between nanomaterial structure and defect density during synthesis was limited to theoretical studies with no experimental confirmation of the predictions. Here we study defect evolution during the synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using in situ Raman spectroscopy. SWCNTs are an important class of nanomaterials, and offer the unique ability to study the effect of their chiral angle on defect evolution during growth - a widely explored theoretical area that still lacks experimental confirmation. Our data reveals the first experimental evidence of chiral angle dependence on the defect density in SWCNTs, with lower defect density for higher chiral angle SWCNTs despite their faster growth rate. Modeling of the kinetics of defect generation reveals formation energy as the critical factor driving steady-state defect densities, with higher formation energies for topological defects in higher chiral angle SWCNTs and lower energies for low chiral angle SWCNTs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Islam, Ahmad E.; Pierce, Neal; Nikolaev, Pavel; Maruyama, Benji] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, Rahul; Nikolaev, Pavel] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Islam, Ahmad E.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Pierce, Neal] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rahul.rao.ctr.in@us.af.mil; benji.maruyama@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council [FA9550-12-D-0001] FX R.R., N.P., P.N., and B.M. acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A.E.I acknowledges financial support from the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship program (contract number FA9550-12-D-0001). The authors also thank Prof. B.I. Yakobson (Rice University) for helpful discussions. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2015 VL 95 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.049 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CU1WM UT WOS:000363312900034 ER PT J AU Yun, GJ Zhao, L Iarve, E AF Yun, Gun Jin Zhao, Li Iarve, Endel TI Probabilistic mesh-independent discrete damage analyses of laminate composites SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Polymer-matrix composite (PMCs); Random fields; Probabilistic failure analysis; Matrix cracking; Finite element analysis (FEA); Discrete Damage Modeling ID STOCHASTIC FINITE-ELEMENT; POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRENGTH PREDICTION; SIMULATION; FAILURE; PLATES; DELAMINATION; RELIABILITY; SPECIMENS; DESIGN AB In this paper, probabilistic failure response and damage patterns in laminate composites was investigated by considering spatially varying and cross-correlated strength properties. The effect of statistical parameters such as the correlation length, variance and correlation coefficient between normal and shear strength within Discrete Damage Modeling (DDM) framework was examined for the first time. For this purpose, an efficient random field modeling framework for multiple cross-correlated random fields is proposed whereby different sets of uncorrelated random variables in Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion corresponding to independent auto-correlation functions are generated and transformed to sets of correlated random variables. DDM is performed by means of Regularized eXtended-Finite Element Method (Rx-FEM) where multiple matrix cracks in different plies are modeled simultaneously with interplay delaminations in interactive fashion. Two composite laminates a quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy [45/90/-45/90](s) Hexply IM7/8552 and [45/-45/90](s) T300/976 were modeled by using probabilistic DDM. Significant effects of the statistical parameters on the failure behavior and ultimate component strength were observed, manifesting importance of accurate definitions of the statistical properties for predicting probabilistic failure behavior and damage tolerance of laminate composites. The average strength values predicted by probabilistic analysis with spatially correlated strength values were closer to experimental data than the predictions with uncorrelated strength values. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yun, Gun Jin; Zhao, Li] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44321 USA. [Iarve, Endel] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Iarve, Endel] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Yun, GJ (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, 244 Sumner St ASEC 209F, Akron, OH 44321 USA. EM gy3@uakron.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; University of Akron FX This research work was supported by American Society for Engineering Education Summer Faculty Fellowship Program in 2012 and 2013 and conducted at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) in Dayton, Ohio and The University of Akron. The second author was supported by The University of Akron. Authors are grateful for their supports. Authors also thank Dr. Gregory A. Schoeppner for his advises on this research. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 133 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.083 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CT8LW UT WOS:000363069100004 ER PT J AU Kleiser, GJ Revil-Baudard, B Cazacu, O Pasiliao, CL AF Kleiser, Geremy J. Revil-Baudard, Benoit Cazacu, Oana Pasiliao, Crystal L. TI Plastic deformation of polycrystalline molybdenum: Experimental data and macroscopic model accounting for its anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Molybdenum; Quasi-static tests; Tension-compression asymmetry; Plastic anisotropy; Anisotropic yield criterion ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLOW-STRESS; SHEETS AB In this paper a systematic experimental investigation of the room-temperature mechanical response of polycrystalline commercially pure molybdenum (Mo) is presented. It was established that the material has ductility in tension at 10(-5)/s and that the failure strain is strongly dependent on the orientation. A specimen taken along the rolling direction sustains large axial strains (20%), while a specimen taken at an angle of 45 degrees to the rolling direction could only sustain 5% strain. It was observed that irrespective of the loading orientation the yield stress in uniaxial compression is larger than in uniaxial tension. While in tension the material has a strong anisotropy in Lankford coefficients, in uniaxial compression it displays weak strain-anisotropy. An elastic-plastic orthotropic model that accounts for all the specificities of the plastic deformation of the material was developed. Validation of the model was done through comparison with data on notched specimens. Quantitative agreement with both global and local strain fields was obtained. In particular, the effect of loading orientation on the response was very well described. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleiser, Geremy J.; Revil-Baudard, Benoit; Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. [Kleiser, Geremy J.; Pasiliao, Crystal L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL USA. EM cazacu@reef.ufl.edu RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; Revil-Baudard, Benoit/L-5576-2016 OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Revil-Baudard, Benoit/0000-0001-8682-5035 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 75-76 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.08.021 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA CT8PZ UT WOS:000363079800023 ER PT J AU Galvagno, SM Hu, P Yang, SM Gao, C Hanna, D Shackelford, S Mackenzie, C AF Galvagno, Samuel M., Jr. Hu, Peter Yang, Shiming Gao, Cheng Hanna, David Shackelford, Stacy Mackenzie, Colin TI Accuracy of continuous noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring for the prediction of blood transfusions in trauma patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MONITORING AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Blood transfusion; Detection of hemorrhage; Hemorrhagic shock; Noninvasive monitoring; Continuous hemoglobin; Transfusion prediction ID MASSIVE TRANSFUSION; MORTALITY; CARE AB Early detection of hemorrhagic shock is required to facilitate prompt coordination of blood component therapy delivery to the bedside and to expedite performance of lifesaving interventions. Standard physical findings and vital signs are difficult to measure during the acute resuscitation stage, and these measures are often inaccurate until patients deteriorate to a state of decompensated shock. The aim of this study is to examine a severely injured trauma patient population to determine whether a noninvasive SpHb monitor can predict the need for urgent blood transfusion (universal donor or additional urgent blood transfusion) during the first 12 h of trauma patient resuscitation. We hypothesize that trends in continuous SpHb, combined with easily derived patient-specific factors, can identify the immediate need for transfusion in trauma patients. Subjects were enrolled if directly admitted to the trauma center, > 17 years of age, and with a shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) > 0.62. Upon admission, a Masimo Radical-7 co-oximeter sensor (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) was applied, providing measurement of continuous non-invasive hemoglobin (SpHb) levels. Blood was drawn and hemoglobin concentration analyzed and conventional pulse oximetry photopletysmograph signals were continuously recorded. Demographic information and both prehospital and admission vital signs were collected. The primary outcome was transfusion of at least one unit of packed red blood cells within 24 h of admission. Eight regression models (C1-C8) were evaluated for the prediction of blood use by comparing area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) at different time intervals after admission. 711 subjects had continuous vital signs waveforms available, to include heart rate (HR), SpHb and SpO(2) trends. When SpHb was monitored for 15 min, SpHb did not increase AUROC for prediction of transfusion. The highest ROC was recorded for model C8 (age, sex, prehospital shock index, admission HR, SpHb and SpO(2)) for the prediction of blood products within the first 3 h of admission. When data from 15 min of continuous monitoring were analyzed, significant improvement in AUROC occurred as more variables were added to the model; however, the addition of SpHb to any of the models did not improve AUROC significantly for prediction of blood use within the first 3 h of admission in comparison to analysis of conventional oximetry features. The results demonstrate that SpHb monitoring, accompanied by continuous vital signs data and adjusted for age and sex, has good accuracy for the prediction of need for transfusion; however, as an independent variable, SpHb did not enhance predictive models in comparison to use of features extracted from conventional pulse oximetry. Nor was shock index better than conventional oximetry at discriminating hemorrhaging and prediction of casualties receiving blood. In this population of trauma patients, noninvasive SpHb monitoring, including both trends and absolute values, did not enhance the ability to predict the need for blood transfusion. C1 [Galvagno, Samuel M., Jr.; Hu, Peter; Mackenzie, Colin] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Galvagno, Samuel M., Jr.; Hu, Peter; Gao, Cheng; Mackenzie, Colin] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yang, Shiming] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Cty UMBC, Dept Biomed Engn, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hanna, David] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Shackelford, Stacy] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Shackelford, Stacy] United States Air Force, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills Baltimo, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Galvagno, SM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, 22 South Greene St,T1R83, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM sgalvagno@anes.umm.edu FU Department of Defense [USAF 8650-11-6142] FX This work was funded by the Department of Defense (USAF 8650-11-6142). The views represent those of the authors not USAF or the Department of Defense. Masimo (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) provided the SpHb monitors, but had no role in the design, execution, or analysis of this research. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1387-1307 EI 1573-2614 J9 J CLIN MONIT COMPUT JI J. Clin. Monitor. Comp. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 29 IS 6 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.1007/s10877-015-9671-1 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA CU5EH UT WOS:000363554100020 PM 25753142 ER PT J AU He, P Nunalee, CG Basu, S Minet, J Vorontsov, MA Fiorino, ST AF He, Ping Nunalee, Christopher G. Basu, Sukanta Minet, Jean Vorontsov, Mikhail A. Fiorino, Steven T. TI Influence of heterogeneous refractivity on optical wave propagation in coastal environments SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric refraction; Coastal low-level jet; Mesoscale modeling; Optical wave propagation; Turbulence parameterization ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; MESOSCALE MODELS; PART I; TURBULENCE; SCHEMES; ENSEMBLES; FORECAST; INDEX; AIR AB Spatial variations of refractivity significantly dictate the characteristics of optical wave propagation through the atmosphere. Consequently, the ability to simulate such propagation is highly dependent upon the accurate characterization of refractivity along the propagation path. Unfortunately, the scarcity of high spatiotemporal resolution observational data has forced many past studies of optical wave propagation to assume horizontally homogeneous (HH) atmospheric conditions. However, the (adverse) impact of such an assumption has not been quantified in the literature. In this paper, we attempt to fill this void by utilizing a mesoscale modeling-based approach to explicitly simulate atmospheric refraction. We then compare the differences of the HH refractivity fields to the mesoscale model-derived refractivity fields by means of a realistic atmospheric event and through ray tracing simulations. In this study, we model a coastal low-level jet, a common coastal atmospheric phenomenon which is associated with heterogeneous thermal and refractivity fields. Observational data from a radiosonde and a radar wind profiler near the northeastern region of the United States are used for model validation. The observed characteristics of low-level jet (e.g., evolution, intensity, location) and associated temperature inversion are found to be reasonably well captured by the mesoscale model. The simulated nighttime refractivity gradient field manifests significant spatial heterogeneity; over land, the refractivity gradient is much stronger and amplified near the ground, whereas it becomes much weaker over the ocean. We quantify the effect of this heterogeneity on optical ray trajectories by simulating a suite of rays and documenting the variability of their altitudes at certain propagation ranges. It is found that the altitude of optical rays may vary tens of meters during a diurnal cycle, and at nighttime the rays may bend downward by more than 150 m at a range of 100 km. We run additional ray tracing simulations using refractivity profiles from a single location and assuming HH refractivity along the propagation path. It is observed that the HH approach yields instantaneous ray bending magnitudes up to 30 % less than the ray bending based on the refractivity simulated by the mesoscale model. At the same time, it is found that the mesoscale model-based refractivity fields may have uncertainty introduced by different factors associated with the model configuration. Of these factors, turbulence parameterization is explored in-depth and found to be responsible for more uncertainty than spatial grid resolution. To be more specific, different turbulence parameterizations are found to produce significantly varying temperature inversion parameters (e.g., height, magnitude), which are critical factors influencing ray trajectories. Collectively, these results highlight the potential advantages and disadvantages of utilizing a mesoscale model to simulate refractivity in coastal areas as opposed to assuming HH refractivity. C1 [He, Ping; Nunalee, Christopher G.; Basu, Sukanta] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Minet, Jean; Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Univ Dayton, Intelligent Opt Lab, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fiorino, Steven T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM phe3@ncsu.edu RI Basu, Sukanta/F-9286-2011 OI Basu, Sukanta/0000-0002-0507-5349 FU Department of Defense (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0449]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1122315, 0958311] FX The authors acknowledge financial support received from the Department of Defense (AFOSR grant under award number FA9550-12-1-0449) and the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1122315). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense or the National Science Foundation. The authors also acknowledge the use of computational resources at the NCSU's ARC cluster, supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant 0958311). Finally, the authors thank Adam DeMarco for his valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 6 BP 685 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s00703-015-0391-3 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2XB UT WOS:000362667700006 ER PT J AU Skrypka, Y Shumelyuk, A Odoulov, S Basun, S Evans, D AF Skrypka, Yaroslav Shumelyuk, Alexandr Odoulov, Serguey Basun, Sergey Evans, Dean TI Light induced absorption and optical sensitizing of Sn2P2S6:Sb SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Photorefractive nonlinearity; Optical sensitizing; Light induced absorption; Tin hypothiodiphosphate ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE PROPERTIES; TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; DOPED SN2P2S6; CRYSTALS AB Photorefractive sensitivity of antimony doped Sn2P2S6 can be increased at ambient temperature by preexposure of the sample with an intense auxiliary light beam. It is shown that the largest enhancement of sensitivity occurs if the photon energy of preexposure light is close to the crystal bandgap, it decreases gradually with increasing wavelength. The preexposure gives rise also to a pronounced transient light induced absorption which vanishes approximately one order of magnitude faster than the decay of the sensitized state. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Skrypka, Yaroslav; Shumelyuk, Alexandr; Odoulov, Serguey] Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Basun, Sergey; Evans, Dean] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Odoulov, S (reprint author), Inst Phys, 46 Sci Ave, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM odoulov@lop.kiev.ua FU EOARD/STCU [P585] FX This work was supported in part by EOARD/STCU Project P585. We are grateful to A. Grabar and I. Stoyka for SPS crystals. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 356 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2015.07.077 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CT2AE UT WOS:000362603600036 ER PT J AU Johnson, DJ Niedbalski, NP Ervin, JS Patnaik, SS AF Johnson, Douglas J. Niedbalski, Nicholas P. Ervin, Jamie S. Patnaik, Soumya S. TI Ammonium carbamate-based heat exchanger reactor as an endothermic heat sink for thermal management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Ammonium carbamate; Heat exchanger (HEX) reactor; Thermal management; Endothermic reaction; Low-grade heat ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; DISSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE; VISCOSITY; DENSITY AB We present our work on the investigation of a chemical reactor heat sink which used an endothermic reaction to absorb low-grade heat. Ammonium carbamate, which has an enthalpy of decomposition of similar to 2 MJ/kg and decomposes over a wide range of temperatures, was used as the endothermic chemical. The objective of the effort was to develop the methods and apparatus required to demonstrate endothermic cooling. Ammonium carbamate (AC) particles were suspended in propylene glycol (PG) and pumped through a heat exchanger, where it chemically reacted and decomposed as it absorbed heat from a hot fluid. Two conditions involving the reactants (AC in PG) were studied: (1) elevated decomposition temperatures occurring at near-ambient pressures and (2) near-ambient decomposition temperatures occurring at low pressures. The influences of reactant pressure, relative reactant temperature, reactant residence time, AC particle size, and AC mass flow rate on the heat absorption rate were investigated. Reaction pressure, residence time, and temperature were found to be the dominant factors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Douglas J.; Ervin, Jamie S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Niedbalski, Nicholas P.; Patnaik, Soumya S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Mech & Thermal Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, DJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Res Conducted Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM johnsond2@udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-D-2403, FA8650-12-D-2224] FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract Numbers FA8650-04-D-2403 and FA8650-12-D-2224. The authors would also like to thank Andrew Cole, Stephen Emo, Alexander Fletcher, William Melke and Victor Tsao of the University of Dayton Research Institute for their contributions. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 91 BP 766 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.07.073 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA CS5PQ UT WOS:000362130700077 ER PT J AU Rao, R Weaver, K Maruyama, B AF Rao, Rahul Weaver, Kent Maruyama, Benji TI Atmospheric pressure growth and optimization of graphene using liquid-injection chemical vapor deposition SO MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; CVD; Liquid; Injection; Parametric; Atmospheric Pressure ID SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; LARGE-AREA; CARBON-SOURCES; COPPER FOILS; HIGH-QUALITY; FILMS; HYDROGEN; METHANOL; CVD; CU AB Here we present a method to grow graphene on polycrystalline Cu and Ni foils by an atmospheric pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition process using liquid precursors. A syringe injection system is used to deliver the precursor into a horizontal tube furnace. Precise control over the injection rate and amount allow us to regulate the amount of active species taking part in graphene growth. The common aromatic solvent toluene is used to produce large area monolayer and few-layer graphene films on Cu and Ni, respectively. A parametric study of various growth parameters reveals that the graphene growth proceeds rapidly and that its quality depends strongly on the amount of hydrogen and injection rate of solvent. Our study highlights the feasibility of large-scale graphene growth using liquid precursors via precise control of the rate and amount of hydrocarbon injected, without the need for expensive vacuum pumps. Furthermore, our method has the potential to be extended to making doped graphene films by choosing the appropriate precursors. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Weaver, Kent; Maruyama, Benji] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, Rahul] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Weaver, Kent] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rahul.rao.ctr.in@us.af.mil NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 2158-5849 EI 2158-5857 J9 MATER EXPRESS JI Mater. Express PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 6 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1166/mex.2015.1262 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CS2XD UT WOS:000361934400009 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Fair, GE Hart, AM Potticary, SA Usechak, NG Corns, RG Hay, RS AF Kim, Hyun Jun Fair, Geoff E. Hart, Allison M. Potticary, Santeri A. Usechak, Nicholas G. Corns, Randall G. Hay, Randall S. TI Development of polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Polycrystalline; YAG; Extrusion; Mechanical strength; Transparency ID SOL-GEL PRECURSOR; HIGH-POWER LASER; ND-YAG; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CREEP RESISTANCE; KRS-5 FIBERS; CERAMICS; DIFFUSION AB Polycrystalline yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) fibers are attractive for high-power lasers and for high-temperature structural materials. Processing methods for <30 mu m diameter polycrystalline YAG fibers suitable for single-mode laser operation are presented. The methods use extrusion of classified YAG powders with binders. Extrusion rheologies and rates, and heat-treatment temperatures, times, and environments that yield the most dense, defect-free fibers were explored. Fiber tensile testing, followed by fractography, was used to identify defects and to guide determination of optimal processing conditions. The effects of processing variables on fiber microstructures and properties are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of processing methods are compared. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Hyun Jun; Fair, Geoff E.; Hart, Allison M.; Potticary, Santeri A.; Corns, Randall G.; Hay, Randall S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Corns, Randall G.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), 2230 Tenth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hyun.kim.2.ctr.kr@us.af.mil FU US Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226, FA8650-11-D-5400] FX This work was supported by US Air Force under the contacts of FA8650-10-D-5226 and FA8650-11-D-5400. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 35 IS 15 BP 4251 EP 4258 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.07.011 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CR8BJ UT WOS:000361575800022 ER PT J AU Fiksel, J Polyviou, M Croxton, KL Pettit, TJ AF Fiksel, Joseph Polyviou, Mikaella Croxton, Keely L. Pettit, Timothy J. TI From Risk to Resilience: Learning to Deal With Disruption SO MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Fiksel, Joseph] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Resilience, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Polyviou, Mikaella; Croxton, Keely L.] Ohio States Fisher Coll Business, Columbus, OH USA. [Pettit, Timothy J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Fiksel, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Resilience, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM smrfeedback@mit.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 67 PU SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW ASSOC, MIT SLOAN SCHOOL MANAGEMENT PI CAMBRIDGE PA 77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, E60-100, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-4307 USA SN 1532-9194 J9 MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV JI MIT Sloan Manage. Rev. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 2 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA CA0XA UT WOS:000348635600014 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Shuman, NS Martinez, O Brumbach, MT Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Shuman, Nicholas S. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Brumbach, Michael T. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Kinetics of chemi-ionization reactions of lanthanide metals (Nd, Sm) from 150 to 450 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE LANTHANIDES; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; ION CHEMISTRY; OXYGEN-ATOMS; TEMPERATURE; COLLISIONS; O-2 AB The kinetics of chemi-ionization reactions of neodymium and samarium atoms with an oxygen atom to yield a metal monoxide cation and electron were studied using a flow tube apparatus over a temperature range of 150-450 K. Nd reacts efficiently with O, near the hard-sphere collision limit at all temperatures, with a rate constant of 3 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K and a slight positive temperature dependence. No chemi-ionization of Nd with N2O was observed, despite the reaction being exothermic. Chemi-ionization of Sm with O is slow, with a rate constant at 300 K determined to be 7 x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1), although with large uncertainty. The Sm reaction also shows a slightly positive temperature dependence, described by a small activation energy of 60 meV. Although not definitive, the data suggest that excited states of Sm react efficiently whereas ground state Sm reacts inefficiently. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Brumbach, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award No. AFOSR-2303EP. S.G.A. acknowledges the support of Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. O.M. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. Helpful discussions with Todd Pederson about the Sm releases are gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 20 AR 204303 DI 10.1063/1.4934995 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CY3OS UT WOS:000366319700014 PM 26627955 ER PT J AU Munsterjohann, B Huber, FJT Klima, TC Holfelder, S Engel, SR Miller, JD Meyer, TR Will, S AF Muensterjohann, Bettina Huber, Franz J. T. Klima, Tobias C. Holfelder, Sandra Engel, Sascha R. Miller, Joseph D. Meyer, Terrence R. Will, Stefan TI Potential of two-line atomic fluorescence for temperature imaging in turbulent indium-oxide-producing flames SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Flame spray pyrolysis; Indium(III)-oxide nanoparticles; Two-line atomic fluorescence; Temperature measurement ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS; LIF THERMOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; ENTRAINMENT; SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB The applicability of two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) for temperature imaging in an indium-based flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process is demonstrated using a single tunable optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to generate the required excitation wavelengths consecutively. Single-shot images of the detected fluorescence signals demonstrate that the signal levels in the flame are suitable for evaluation of temperature and verify the capability and potential of the measurement technique directly during particle formation without additional indium seeding. Qualitative averaged two-dimensional temperature distributions in the FSP flame are presented, showing the influence of varying sheath gas flow rates on the resulting temperature distribution. With the addition of a second OPO and detection system, the two fluorescence signals acquired consecutively in this work could be obtained simultaneously and enable spatio-temporally resolved single-shot temperature measurements in flame synthesis processes of indium-containing nanoparticles. C1 [Muensterjohann, Bettina; Huber, Franz J. T.; Klima, Tobias C.; Holfelder, Sandra; Engel, Sascha R.; Will, Stefan] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, LTT, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Muensterjohann, Bettina; Huber, Franz J. T.; Klima, Tobias C.; Holfelder, Sandra; Engel, Sascha R.; Meyer, Terrence R.; Will, Stefan] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Grad Sch Adv Opt Technol SAOT, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Muensterjohann, Bettina; Huber, Franz J. T.; Holfelder, Sandra; Engel, Sascha R.; Will, Stefan] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Cluster Excellence Engn Adv Mat EAM, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Miller, Joseph D.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Will, S (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, LTT, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM stefan.will@fau.de RI Will, Stefan/A-8899-2017 OI Will, Stefan/0000-0002-1226-0075 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Cluster of Excellence Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM); Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) at the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Cluster of Excellence Engineering of Advanced Materials (EAM) and the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) at the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg. Furthermore, we would like to thank Michael Altenhoff for his support concerning the burner setup, Chloe Dedic for her support concerning the optical setup, the Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) for providing the precursor, Toptica Photonics AG for the loan of a laser spectrum analyser, Dr. Karsten Wegener of ETH Zurich for the provision of the FSP burner, and Dr. Antonio Tricoli of the Australian National University for valuable discussions concerning the effects of air entrainment. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD NOV 26 PY 2015 VL 17 IS 11 AR 459 DI 10.1007/s11051-015-3263-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CX5SJ UT WOS:000365762500008 ER PT J AU Wu, RR Myers, RA McCarty, CA Dimmock, D Farrell, M Cross, D Chinevere, TD Ginsburg, GS Orlando, LA AF Wu, R. Ryanne Myers, Rachel A. McCarty, Catherine A. Dimmock, David Farrell, Michael Cross, Deanna Chinevere, Troy D. Ginsburg, Geoffrey S. Orlando, Lori A. CA Family Hlth Hist Network TI Protocol for the "Implementation, adoption, and utility of family history in diverse care settings" study SO IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Risk stratification; Prevention; Primary care; Family health history ID AMERICAN-CANCER-SOCIETY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HEALTH HISTORY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MUTATION CARRIERS; BREAST-CANCER; TASK-FORCE; COLLECTION AB Background: Risk assessment with a thorough family health history is recommended by numerous organizations and is now a required component of the annual physical for Medicare beneficiaries under the Affordable Care Act. However, there are several barriers to incorporating robust risk assessments into routine care. MeTree, a web-based patient-facing health risk assessment tool, was developed with the aim of overcoming these barriers. In order to better understand what factors will be instrumental for broader adoption of risk assessment programs like MeTree in clinical settings, we obtained funding to perform a type III hybrid implementation-effectiveness study in primary care clinics at five diverse healthcare systems. Here, we describe the study's protocol. Methods/design: MeTree collects personal medical information and a three-generation family health history from patients on 98 conditions. Using algorithms built entirely from current clinical guidelines, it provides clinical decision support to providers and patients on 30 conditions. All adult patients with an upcoming well-visit appointment at one of the 20 intervention clinics are eligible to participate. Patient-oriented risk reports are provided in real time. Provider-oriented risk reports are uploaded to the electronic medical record for review at the time of the appointment. Implementation outcomes are enrollment rate of clinics, providers, and patients (enrolled vs approached) and their representativeness compared to the underlying population. Primary effectiveness outcomes are the percent of participants newly identified as being at increased risk for one of the clinical decision support conditions and the percent with appropriate risk-based screening. Secondary outcomes include percent change in those meeting goals for a healthy lifestyle (diet, exercise, and smoking). Outcomes are measured through electronic medical record data abstraction, patient surveys, and surveys/qualitative interviews of clinical staff. Discussion: This study evaluates factors that are critical to successful implementation of a web-based risk assessment tool into routine clinical care in a variety of healthcare settings. The result will identify resource needs and potential barriers and solutions to implementation in each setting as well as an understanding potential effectiveness. C1 [Wu, R. Ryanne; Myers, Rachel A.; Ginsburg, Geoffrey S.; Orlando, Lori A.] Duke Univ, Duke Ctr Appl Genom & Precis Med, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Wu, R. Ryanne; Orlando, Lori A.] Duke Univ, Duke Dept Med, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [McCarty, Catherine A.] Essentia Inst Rural Hlth, Duluth, MN USA. [Dimmock, David] Med Coll Wisconsin, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Farrell, Michael] Aurora Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Urban Populat Hlth, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Cross, Deanna] Univ N Texas, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Chinevere, Troy D.] US Air Force, Clin Invest Facil, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis, CA USA. [Ginsburg, Geoffrey S.] Duke Univ, Duke Dept Med & Pathol, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Wu, RR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Duke Ctr Appl Genom & Precis Med, 411 West Chapel Hill St,Ste 500, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM ryanne.wu@duke.edu FU NIH [1 U01 HG007282]; Duke University; Medical College of Wisconsin; Essentia Institute of Rural Health; University of North Texas; David Grant U.S. Air Force Medical center FX This paper was written on behalf of the Family Health History Network which in addition to listed authors include Tejinder Rakhra-Burris, Michael Musty, Adam Buchanan, Corrine Voils, Nina Sperber, Dana Creighton Baker, Bruce Peyser, Gloria Trujillo, Lynn Bowlby, J. Franklin Mills, Alison LaPean Kirschner, Hollie Beaudry, Jill Paradowski, Molly Johnston, Joseph Bianco, David Hyjek, Jeanette Palcher, and Irina Haller. This study was funded by NIH grant no. 1 U01 HG007282 and the funder had no involvement in the design, conduct, data collection, analysis, or manuscript preparation. This study was approved by the IRBs at all five institutions and the funders: Duke University, Medical College of Wisconsin, Essentia Institute of Rural Health, University of North Texas, and David Grant U.S. Air Force Medical center. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1748-5908 J9 IMPLEMENT SCI JI Implement. Sci. PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 10 AR 163 DI 10.1186/s13012-015-0352-8 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CW7GY UT WOS:000365167400001 PM 26597091 ER PT J AU Mehmood, F Pachter, R Murphy, NR Johnson, WE AF Mehmood, Faisal Pachter, Ruth Murphy, Neil R. Johnson, Walter E. TI Electronic and optical properties of titanium nitride bulk and surfaces from first principles calculations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; GREENS-FUNCTION; TINX FILMS; SPECTRA; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; FUNCTIONALS; RESISTIVITY; TICX AB Prediction of the frequency-dependent dielectric function of thin films poses computational challenges, and at the same time experimental characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry remains difficult to interpret because of changes in stoichiometry and surface morphology, temperature, thickness of the film, or substrate. In this work, we report calculations for titanium nitride (TiN), a promising material for plasmonic applications because of less loss and other practical advantages compared to noble metals. We investigated structural, electronic, and optical properties of stoichiometric bulk TiN, as well as of the TiN(100), TiN(110), and TiN(111) outermost surfaces. Density functional theory (DFT) and many-body GW methods (Green's (G) function-based approximation with screened Coulomb interaction (W)) were used, ranging from G(0)W(0), GW(0) to partially self-consistent sc-GW(0), as well as the GW-BSE (Bethe-Salpeter equation) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods for prediction of the optical properties. Structural parameters and the band structure for bulk TiN were shown to be consistent with previous work. Calculated dielectric functions, plasma frequencies, reflectivity, and the electron energy loss spectrum demonstrated consistency with experiment at the GW(0)-BSE level. Deviations from experimental data are expected due to varying experimental conditions. Comparison of our results to spectroscopic ellipsometry data for realistic nanostructures has shown that although TDDFT may provide a computationally feasible level of theory in evaluation of the dielectric function, application is subject to validation with GW-BSE calculations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mehmood, Faisal; Pachter, Ruth; Murphy, Neil R.; Johnson, Walter E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mehmood, Faisal] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@us.af.mil NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 19 AR 195302 DI 10.1063/1.4935813 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DA3TS UT WOS:000367722400026 ER PT J AU Guo, YM Holton, C Luo, H Dahlen, P Gorder, K Dettenmaier, E Johnson, PC AF Guo, Yuanming Holton, Chase Luo, Hong Dahlen, Paul Gorder, Kyle Dettenmaier, Erik Johnson, Paul C. TI Identification of Alternative Vapor Intrusion Pathways Using Controlled Pressure Testing, Soil Gas Monitoring, and Screening Model Calculations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; GROUNDWATER AB Vapor intrusion (VI) pathway assessment and data interpretation have been guided by an historical conceptual model in which vapors originating from contaminated soil or groundwater diffuse upward through soil and are swept into a building by soil gas flow induced by building underpressurization. Recent studies reveal that alternative VI pathways involving neighborhood sewers, land drains, and other major underground piping can also be significant VI contributors, even to buildings beyond the delineated footprint of soil and groundwater contamination. This work illustrates how controlled-pressure-method testing (CPM), soil gas sampling, and screening-level emissions calculations can be used to identify significant alternative VI pathways that might go undetected by conventional sampling under natural conditions at some sites. The combined utility of these tools is shown through data collected at a long-term study house, where a significant alternative VI pathway was discovered and altered so that it could be manipulated to be on or off. Data collected during periods of natural and CPM conditions show that the alternative pathway was significant, but it presence was not identifiable under natural conditions; it was identified under CPM conditions when measured emission rates were 2 orders of magnitude greater than screening-model estimates and subfoundation vertical soil gas profiles changed and were no longer consistent with the conventional VI conceptual model. C1 [Guo, Yuanming; Holton, Chase; Luo, Hong; Dahlen, Paul; Johnson, Paul C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Holton, Chase] CH2M, Englewood, CO 80112 USA. [Luo, Hong] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Gorder, Kyle; Dettenmaier, Erik] Restorat Installat Support Team, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. [Johnson, Paul C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, PC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pcjohnson@mines.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense through Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Air Force. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 22 BP 13472 EP 13482 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03564 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CW7AV UT WOS:000365151200044 PM 26458025 ER PT J AU Lin, ZY Liu, S Steenbergen, EH Zhang, YH AF Lin, Zhi-Yuan Liu, Shi Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Zhang, Yong-Hang TI Influence of carrier localization on minority carrier lifetime in InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB A long minority carrier lifetime of 12.8 mu s in a mid-wavelength infrared InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice is observed at 15K using time-resolved photoluminescence technique. The long carrier lifetime is due to carrier localization, which is confirmed by a 3 meV blue shift of the photoluminescence peak energy and the monotonic decrease of lifetime with increasing temperature from 15K to 50K, along with an increased photoluminescence linewidth below 40 K. In contrast, no carrier localization is observed in a long-wavelength infrared type-II superlattice at the same temperatures. Modeling results show that carrier localization is stronger in shorter period (9.9 nm) mid-wavelength infrared superlattices as compared to longer period (24.2 nm) long-wavelength infrared superlattices, indicating that the carrier localization originates mainly from InAs/InAsSb interface disorder. Although carrier localization enhances carrier lifetimes, it also adversely affects carrier transport, and thus should be carefully considered in the design and evaluation of InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice photodetectors. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Steenbergen, EH (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yhzhang@asu.edu OI Liu, Shi/0000-0003-2010-2453 FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI program [W911NF-10-1-0524]; U.S. Army Research Office DURIP program [W911NF-14-1-0388] FX The authors acknowledge Preston T. Webster, Zhao-Yu He, and Xiao-Meng Shen for proofreading the manuscript, and IQE, Inc., for growing sample C. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office MURI program (Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0524) and DURIP program (Grant No. W911NF-14-1-0388). NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 20 AR 201107 DI 10.1063/1.4936109 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CX4RT UT WOS:000365688700007 ER PT J AU Uddin, MA Glavin, N Singh, A Naguy, R Jespersen, M Voevodin, A Koley, G AF Uddin, Md Ahsan Glavin, Nicholas Singh, Amol Naguy, Rachel Jespersen, Michael Voevodin, Andrey Koley, Goutam TI Mobility enhancement in graphene transistors on low temperature pulsed laser deposited boron nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-QUALITY; FEW-LAYER; FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ELECTRONICS; GROWTH AB Low temperature pulsed laser deposited (PLD) ultrathin boron nitride (BN) on SiO2 was investigated as a dielectric for graphene electronics, and a significant enhancement in electrical transport properties of graphene/PLD BN compared to graphene/SiO2 has been observed. Graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and transferred on PLD deposited and annealed BN exhibited up to three times higher field effect mobility compared to graphene on the SiO2 substrate. Graphene field effect transistor devices fabricated on 5 nm BN/SiO2 (300 nm) yielded maximum hole and electron mobility of 4980 and 4200 cm(2) /V s, respectively. In addition, significant improvement in carrier homogeneity and reduction in extrinsic doping in graphene on BN has been observed. An average Dirac point of 3.5V and residual carrier concentration of 7.65 x 10(11) cm(-2) was observed for graphene transferred on 5 nm BN at ambient condition. The overall performance improvement on PLD BN can be attributed to dielectric screening of charged impurities, similar crystal structure and phonon modes, and reduced substrate induced doping. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Uddin, Md Ahsan; Koley, Goutam] Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Uddin, Md Ahsan; Koley, Goutam] Clemson Univ, Adv Mat Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Uddin, Md Ahsan; Singh, Amol; Koley, Goutam] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas; Naguy, Rachel; Jespersen, Michael; Voevodin, Andrey] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Uddin, MA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM uddin2@email.sc.edu; gkoley@clemson.edu OI UDDIN, MD AHSAN/0000-0001-5894-9487 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1500007, ECCS-0846898, ECCS-1512342] FX Financial supports for this work from National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. ECCS-1500007, ECCS-0846898, and ECCS-1512342) are thankfully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 20 AR 203110 DI 10.1063/1.4936191 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CX4RT UT WOS:000365688700055 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Semiatin, SL AF Senkov, O. N. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure and properties of a refractory high-entropy alloy after cold working SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE High-entropy alloy; Refractory alloy; Cold rolling; Annealing; Microstructure; Texture; Phase composition ID PRINCIPAL ELEMENT ALLOYS; V-ZR SYSTEM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NBCRMO0.5TA0.5TIZR ALLOY; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; PHASE-STABILITY; LOW-DENSITY; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM AB A refractory high-entropy alloy HfNbTaTiZr was successfully rolled at room temperature up to 86.4% reduction in thickness (true thickness strain is -2.3). This represents the first successful attempt to cold roll a HEA with a BCC crystal structure. The microstructure and properties of the rolled sheets were determined in the as-rolled condition and after annealing at 800 degrees C, 1000 degrees C, and 1200 degrees C. Cold rolling resulted in extensive grain elongation, formation of deformation bands within the grains, and development of crystallographic textures that depended on the rolling reduction. The 86.4% cold-rolled sheet had true tensile stress of 1295 MPa and tensile ductility of 4.7%. After annealing at 1000 degrees C and 1200 degrees C, complete recrystallization of the cold-rolled sheet occurred. After annealing at 1000 degrees C, the true tensile stress and ductility of the sheet were 1262 MPa and 9.7%, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RX, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Senkov, O. N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Lab Director's Fund (LDF) of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Extensive technical discussions with Drs. D. Miracle and C. Woodward and laboratory support from J. Brown, T. Brown, and J. Shank are greatly appreciated. This work was supported by the Lab Director's Fund (LDF) of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. The work of one of the authors (ONS) was also partially supported through the Air Force on-site contract FA8650-10-D-5226 managed by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 16 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 649 BP 1110 EP 1123 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.209 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CR2KU UT WOS:000361159000152 ER PT J AU Golden, EM Giles, NC Maniego, E Hopkins, FK Zawilski, KT Schunemann, PG Halliburton, LE AF Golden, E. M. Giles, N. C. Maniego, E. Hopkins, F. K. Zawilski, K. T. Schunemann, P. G. Halliburton, L. E. TI Identification of native defects (vacancies and antisites) in CdSiP2 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ZINC GERMANIUM DIPHOSPHIDE; PHASE-MATCHING PROPERTIES; NUCLEAR DOUBLE-RESONANCE; 6.2 MU-M; 1064 NM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CHALCOPYRITE CDSIP2; NARROW-BANDWIDTH AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify four native defects in single crystals of CdSiP2. This nonlinear optical material is used in optical parametric oscillators to generate tunable output in the mid-infrared. The performance of these frequency-conversion devices is limited when infrared absorption bands associated with native defects overlap a pump wavelength. Cadmium, silicon, and phosphorus vacancies and also silicon-on-cadmium antisites are present in the as-grown undoped CdSiP2 crystals. Using near-band-edge 632.8 nm light from a He-Ne laser, a paramagnetic charge state, and thus an EPR spectrum, is formed at liquid-helium temperatures for three of the four defects. The EPR spectrum from the singly ionized silicon vacancy (V-Si(-)) is present without light and has five hyperfine lines due to equal interactions with the four neighboring P-31 nuclei. In contrast, the photoinduced EPR spectrum from the singly ionized cadmium vacancy (V-Cd(-)) has a three-line hyperfine pattern due to equal interactions with only two of its four neighboring P-31 nuclei. The light-induced spectrum from the singly ionized silicon-on-cadmium antisite (Si-Cd(+)) also has a three-line hyperfine pattern, thus indicating that the unpaired spin interacts primarily with only two P-31 neighbors. For the neutral phosphorus vacancy (V-P(0)), the unpaired spin is primarily localized on the nearest-neighbor silicon ions and the photoinduced EPR spectrum has no resolved P-31 hyperfine interactions. The silicon and cadmium vacancies are acceptors, and the silicon-on-cadmium antisite and the phosphorus vacancy are donors. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Golden, E. M.; Giles, N. C.; Maniego, E.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hopkins, F. K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zawilski, K. T.; Schunemann, P. G.] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu FU AFIT Faculty Research Initiation Program; Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson AFB) [FA8650-05-C-5425] FX Work at the Air Force Institute of Technology (EMG) was supported by the AFIT Faculty Research Initiation Program and work at BAE Systems (KTZ and PGS) was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson AFB) through Contract No. FA8650-05-C-5425. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 18 AR 185702 DI 10.1063/1.4935420 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CW5NF UT WOS:000365041700048 ER PT J AU Zhang, XA Bagal, A Dandley, EC Zhao, JJ Oldham, CJ Wu, BI Parsons, GN Chang, CH AF Zhang, Xu A. Bagal, Abhijeet Dandley, Erinn C. Zhao, Junjie Oldham, Christopher J. Wu, Bae-Ian Parsons, Gregory N. Chang, Chih-Hao TI Ordered 3D Thin-Shell Nanolattice Materials with Near-Unity Refractive Indices SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NANOLITHOGRAPHY; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SILICA AEROGEL; FILMS; ARRAY; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; ULTRALIGHT; FIBERS AB The refractive indices of naturally occurring materials are limited, and there exists an index gap between indices of air and available solid materials. With many photonics and electronics applications, there has been considerable effort in creating artificial materials with optical and dielectric properties similar to air while simultaneously being mechanically stable to bear load. Here, a class of ordered nanolattice materials consisting of periodic thin-shell structures with near-unity refractive index and high stiffness is demonstrated. Using a combination of 3D nanolithography and atomic layer deposition, these ordered nanostructured materials have reduced optical scattering and improved mechanical stability compared to existing randomly porous materials. Using ZnO and Al2O3 as the building materials, refractive indices from 1.3 down to 1.025 are achieved. The experimental data can be accurately described by Maxwell Garnett effective media theory, which can provide a guide for index design. The demonstrated low-index, low-scattering, and high-stiffness materials can serve as high-quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators, and ultra-low-k dielectrics. C1 [Zhang, Xu A.; Bagal, Abhijeet; Chang, Chih-Hao] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dandley, Erinn C.; Zhao, Junjie; Oldham, Christopher J.; Parsons, Gregory N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wu, Bae-Ian] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, XA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chichang@ncsu.edu RI Zhao, Junjie/B-8206-2016; Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Parsons, Gregory/O-9762-2014 OI Zhao, Junjie/0000-0001-6205-9671; Parsons, Gregory/0000-0002-0048-5859 FU State of North Carolina; National Science Foundation; NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Opportunity-Early Career Faculty Grant [NNX12AQ46G]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the students, staff, and facility support from the North Carolina State University Nanofabrication Facility (NNF), Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF), and the Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory (CHANL) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. AIF is located at North Carolina State University and is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation. This work was supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Opportunity-Early Career Faculty Grant (Grant No. NNX12AQ46G) and Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 42 BP 6644 EP 6649 DI 10.1002/adfm.201502854 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CX2MW UT WOS:000365532100009 ER PT J AU Dyakonov, GS Zemtsova, E Mironov, S Semenova, IP Valiev, RZ Semiatin, SL AF Dyakonov, G. S. Zemtsova, E. Mironov, S. Semenova, I. P. Valiev, R. Z. Semiatin, S. L. TI An EBSD investigation of ultrafine-grain titanium for biomedical applications SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE EBSD; Titanium alloys; Nanostructured materials; Equal channel angular processing; Grain refinement ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; COMMERCIAL-PURITY TITANIUM; HALL-PETCH RELATION; ECAP-CONFORM; PURE TI; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION AB High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to examine the grain structure in long rods of ultrafine-grain (UFG) commercial-purity titanium produced for medical implants. The UFG material was obtained by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a Conform scheme followed by rod drawing. The microstructure was found to be bimodal consisting of relatively coarse elongated grains containing well-developed substructure and ultrafine grains. The mean grain size was similar to 0.3 mu m, and the fraction of high-angle boundaries was similar to 45%. The material had a strong <10<(1)over bar>0>-fiber texture. An analysis of the microstructure-properties relationship showed that the increase in material strength developed during severe plastic deformation resulted from grain refinement and substructure evolution in comparable measure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dyakonov, G. S.; Semenova, I. P.] Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. [Dyakonov, G. S.; Zemtsova, E.; Valiev, R. Z.] St Petersburg State Univ, Lab Mech Bulk Nanostruct Mat, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Zemtsova, E.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Chem, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Zemtsova, Elena/M-9238-2013; Smirnov, Vladimir/A-1244-2011; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Zemtsova, Elena/0000-0003-2603-2812; Smirnov, Vladimir/0000-0002-7358-1884; Dyakonov, Grigory/0000-0001-5389-5547 FU Russian Federal Ministry for Education and Science (RZV) [14. B25.31.0017]; Saint Petersburg State University [6.37.431.2015] FX R.Z. Valiev gratefully acknowledges the support from the Russian Federal Ministry for Education and Science (RZV Grant no. 14. B25.31.0017), and I.P. Semenova acknowledges the support of the said Ministry within the scope of the basic part of the State Assignment. This work was also supported in part by a grant from the Saint Petersburg State University No 6.37.431.2015. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 648 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.09.080 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CU8UX UT WOS:000363820700040 ER PT J AU Nehmetallah, G Banerjee, P Khoury, J AF Nehmetallah, George Banerjee, Partha Khoury, Jed TI Adaptive defect and pattern detection in amplitude and phase structures via photorefractive four-wave mixing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EDGE-ENHANCEMENT AB This work comprises the theoretical and numerical validations of experimental work on pattern and defect detection of periodic amplitude and phase structures using four-wave mixing in photorefractive materials. The fourwave mixing optical processor uses intensity filtering in the Fourier domain. Specifically, the nonlinear transfer function describing four-wave mixing is modeled, and the theory for detection of amplitude and phase defects and dislocations are developed. Furthermore, numerical simulations are performed for these cases. The results show that this technique successfully detects the slightest defects clearly even with no prior enhancement. This technique should prove to be useful in quality control systems, production-line defect inspection, and e-beam lithography. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Nehmetallah, George] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Banerjee, Partha] Univ Dayton, Electro Opt Program & ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Khoury, Jed] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nehmetallah, G (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM nehmetallah@cua.edu FU Department of the Air Force [FA8650-13-C1529, FA8650-13-C-1531] FX Department of the Air Force (FA8650-13-C1529, FA8650-13-C-1531). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 32 BP 9622 EP 9629 DI 10.1364/AO.54.009622 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7MC UT WOS:000364456300036 PM 26560795 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Vangala, S Nader, N Leedy, K Guo, JP Cleary, JW AF Hendrickson, Joshua R. Vangala, Shivashankar Nader, Nima Leedy, Kevin Guo, Junpeng Cleary, Justin W. TI Plasmon resonance and perfect light absorption in subwavelength trench arrays etched in gallium-doped zinc oxide film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Near-perfect light absorption in subwavelength trench arrays etched in highly conductive gallium-doped zinc oxide films was experimentally observed in the mid infrared regime. At wavelengths corresponding to the resonant excitation of surface plasmons, up to 99% of impinging light is efficiently trapped and absorbed in the periodic trenches. Scattering cross sectional calculations reveal that each individual trench acts like a vertical split ring resonator with a broad plasmon resonance spectrum. The coupling of these individual plasmon resonators in the grating structure leads to enhanced photon absorption and significant resonant spectral linewidth narrowing. Ellipsometry measurements taken before and after device fabrication result in different permittivity values for the doped zinc oxide material, indicating that localized annealing occurred during the plasma etching process due to surface heating. Simulations, which incorporate a 50 nm annealed region at the zinc oxide surface, are in a good agreement with the experimental results. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Vangala, Shivashankar; Nader, Nima; Leedy, Kevin; Cleary, Justin W.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, Shivashankar] SURVICE Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joshua.hendrickson.4@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 15RYCOR159, LRIR 12RY10COR]; National Science Foundation (NSF) EPSCoR Program [NSF-1158862] FX J. R. Hendrickson and J. W. Cleary acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under LRIR 15RYCOR159 and LRIR 12RY10COR, respectively. J. Guo acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) EPSCoR Program through the Award No. NSF-1158862. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 19 AR 191906 DI 10.1063/1.4935219 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CW5NC UT WOS:000365041300023 ER PT J AU Nader, N Vangala, S Hendrickson, JR Leedy, KD Look, DC Guo, JP Cleary, JW AF Nader, Nima Vangala, Shivashankar Hendrickson, Joshua R. Leedy, Kevin D. Look, David C. Guo, Junpeng Cleary, Justin W. TI Investigation of plasmon resonance tunneling through subwavelength hole arrays in highly doped conductive ZnO films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-PLASMON; MIDINFRARED PLASMONICS; SILICON; SILICIDES AB Experimental results pertaining to plasmon resonance tunneling through a highly conductive zinc oxide (ZnO) layer with subwavelength hole-arrays is investigated in the mid-infrared regime. Gallium-doped ZnO layers are pulsed-laser deposited on a silicon wafer. The ZnO has metallic optical properties with a bulk plasma frequency of 214 THz, which is equivalent to a free space wavelength of 1.4 mu m. Hole arrays with different periods and hole shapes are fabricated via a standard photolithography process. Resonant mode tunneling characteristics are experimentally studied for different incident angles and compared with surface plasmon theoretical calculations and finite-difference time-domain simulations. Transmission peaks, higher than the baseline predicted by diffraction theory, are observed in each of the samples at wavelengths that correspond to the excitation of surface plasmon modes. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Nader, Nima; Vangala, Shivashankar] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Nader, Nima; Vangala, Shivashankar; Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Leedy, Kevin D.; Look, David C.; Cleary, Justin W.] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, David C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Nader, N (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, 12 Simon St, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. EM nima.nader@nist.gov FU AFOSR under LRIR [12RY05COR]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-1158862]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [1305193]; AFOSR LRIR [12RY10COR] FX N. Nader and J. W. Cleary acknowledge AFOSR LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). J. R. Hendrickson would also like to acknowledge support by AFOSR under LRIR No. 12RY05COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). J. Guo acknowledges the support by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Award No. NSF-1158862. D. C. Look acknowledges support by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0079 (K. Goretta) and NSF Award No. 1305193 (C. Ying). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 17 AR 173106 DI 10.1063/1.4934875 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CV9CF UT WOS:000364584200006 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Korznikova, G. Myshlyaev, M. M. Semiatin, S. L. TI Annealing behavior of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30Zn brass SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Metals and alloys; Nanostructured materials; Nanofabrications; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy ID ALPHA-BRASS; COPPER; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; NANOSTRUCTURE AB The static-annealing behavior of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30Zn brass over a wide range of temperature (100-900 degrees C) was established. Between 300 and 400 degrees C, microstructure and texture evolution were dominated by discontinuous recrystallization. At temperatures of 500 degrees C and higher, annealing was interpreted in terms of normal grain growth. The recrystallized microstructure developed at 400 degrees C was ultrafine with a mean grain size of 0.8 mm, fraction of high-angle boundaries of 90 pct., and a weak crystallographic texture. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, T.; Mironov, S.; Korznikov, A.; Korznikova, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, A.] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM S-72@mail.ru RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Korznikova, Galiya/0000-0001-6646-7357 FU Russian Fund for Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (project No. 14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to P. Klassman for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 648 BP 858 EP 863 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.287 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CR2KN UT WOS:000361158300125 ER PT J AU Choi, J Chen, HR Li, FR Yang, LM Kim, SS Naik, RR Ye, PD Choi, JH AF Choi, Jungwook Chen, Haorong Li, Feiran Yang, Lingming Kim, Steve S. Naik, Rajesh R. Ye, Peide D. Choi, Jong Hyun TI Nanomanufacturing of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Materials Using Self-Assembled DNA Nanotubes SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE 2D materials; nanomanufacturing; DNA nanotechnology; self-assembly; transition metal dichalcogenides ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; MONOLAYER MOS2; LARGE-AREA; LAYER MOS2; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NANOSCALE SHAPES; FOLDING DNA; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRANSISTORS; GROWTH C1 [Choi, Jungwook; Chen, Haorong; Li, Feiran; Choi, Jong Hyun] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yang, Lingming; Ye, Peide D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Steve S.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jchoi@purdue.edu FU National Science Foundation; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX The authors thank C. Mao and J. Yu for their help with synthesis of micron-sized DNA nanotubes. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. J.H.C. also gratefully acknowledges the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 51 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD NOV 4 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 41 BP 5520 EP 5527 DI 10.1002/smll.201501431 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CU5SZ UT WOS:000363593600007 PM 26313027 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Njagi, EC Chen, SY Horvath, DT Xu, LP Morey, A Mackin, C Joesten, R Suib, SL AF Chen, Chun-Hu Njagi, Eric C. Chen, Sheng-Yu Horvath, Dayton T. Xu, Linping Morey, Aimee Mackin, Charles Joesten, Raymond Suib, Steven L. TI Structural Distortion of Molybdenum-Doped Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves for Enhanced Catalytic Performance SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; TUNNEL STRUCTURE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; TOTAL OXIDATION; CRYPTOMELANE; FRAMEWORK; OMS-2; NANOFIBERS; CO; PHENOL AB Due to the excellent catalytic performance of manganese oxide (K-OMS-2) in a wide range of applications, incorporation of various dopants has been commonly applied for K-OMS-2 to acquire additional functionality or activities. However, the understanding of its substitution mechanism with respect to the catalytic performance of doped K-OMS-2 materials remains unclear. Here we present the structural distortion (from tetragonal to monoclinic cell) and morphological evolution in K-OMS-2 materials by doping hexavalent molybdenum. With a Mo-to-Mn ratio of 1:20 (R-1:20) in the preparation, the resultant monoclinic K-OMS-2 shows a small equidimensional particle size (similar to 15 nm), a high surface area of 213 m(2)g(1), and greatly improved catalytic activity toward CO oxidation with lower onset temperatures (40 degrees C) than that of pristine K-OMS-2 (above 130 degrees C). HR-TEM analyses reveal direct evidence of structural distortion on the cross-section of 2 x 2 tunnels with the absence of 4-fold rotation symmetry expected for a tetragonal cell, which are indexed using a monoclinic cell. Our results suggest that substitution of Mo6+ for Mn3+ (rather than Mn4+) coupled with the vacancy generation results in a distorted structure and unique morphology. The weakened MnO bonds and Mn vacancies associated with the structural distortion may be mainly responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity of monoclinic K-OMS-2 instead of dopant species. C1 [Chen, Chun-Hu; Njagi, Eric C.; Chen, Sheng-Yu; Horvath, Dayton T.; Xu, Linping; Morey, Aimee; Mackin, Charles; Joesten, Raymond; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Chen, Chun-Hu] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Chem, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Morey, Aimee] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Suib, SL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM steven.suib@uconn.edu RI Chen, Chunhu/C-1416-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-86ER13622] FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences for support of this research under contract DE-FG02-86ER13622. We thank Dr. Heng Zhang and Dr. Yang Hsiang Chan for XPS measurements and Dr. Francis Galasso, Dr. Craig Calvert, Lei Jin, and Cecil King'ondu Kithongo for helpful discussions and experiments. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 21 BP 10163 EP 10171 DI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00906 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CV3QT UT WOS:000364175000007 PM 26451851 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, E Harnish, D Kinney, K Heimbuch, B Wander, J AF Ibrahim, Essam Harnish, Delbert Kinney, Kimberly Heimbuch, Brian Wander, Joseph TI An experimental investigation of the performance of a Collison nebulizer generating H1N1 influenza aerosols SO BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE bioaerosol; collison nebulizer; H1N1 virus; particle size; viability ID AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS; ELECTRICAL CHARGES; BACTERIA; VIRUS; AEROSOLIZATION; CULTURABILITY; BIOAEROSOLS; RESPIRATORS; COLLECTION; EFFICIENCY AB The performance of a Collison nebulizer delivering viable H1N1 influenza aerosols was assessed in terms of particle size distribution (PSD) and survivability of the virus upon generation. An H1N1 influenza virus preparation in egg allantoic fluid was diluted in sterile deionized water to a concentration of 3.4 x 10(6) TCID50/mL. The virus suspension was aerosolized at air flow rates of 2, 6 and 12 L/min using a 1-jet, 3-jet and 6-jet Collison nebulizer, respectively. A scanning mobility particle sizer measured the PSD of the viral aerosol after steady-state delivery times of 1, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. After 60 min of continuous aerosolization, the viral titre was unchanged and the count median diameter (CMD) of the aerosol PSD was approximate to 38 nm for the 2 L/min flow rate, approximate to 35 nm for the 6 L/min flow rate and approximate to 33 nm for the 12 L/min flow rate. The CMDs were much smaller than the influenza virus (80-120 nm), indicating the aerosol distribution comprised mainly nonviable materials. The PSD produced by the Collison nebulizer exhibited a 20% increase in peak particle concentration after 60 min of continuous operation at 12 L/min. This progressive increase in particle counts may be attributed to a combination of evaporation and shear and impact stresses imparted on components by the Collison nebulizer. The possible slight loss in H1N1 influenza viability over the course of 60 min of continuous aerosolization at 12 L/min is consistent with previous bioaerosol studies using a Collison nebulizer. C1 [Ibrahim, Essam] Univ Texas Permian Basin, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Midland, TX 79705 USA. [Harnish, Delbert; Kinney, Kimberly; Heimbuch, Brian] Appl Res Associates, Panama City, FL USA. [Wander, Joseph] US Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Ibrahim, E (reprint author), Univ Texas Permian Basin, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Midland, TX 79705 USA. EM Ibrahim_e@utpb.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [CSA-000651.0003] FX Essam Ibrahim would like to acknowledge the financial assistance received from the Air Force Research Laboratory, which supported his assignment to Applied Research Associates (Contract number CSA-000651.0003) during the course of this work. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1310-2818 EI 1314-3530 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ JI Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1142 EP 1148 DI 10.1080/13102818.2015.1059736 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CS8NM UT WOS:000362344700015 ER PT J AU Behzad, B Jacobson, SH Robbins, MJ AF Behzad, Banafsheh Jacobson, Sheldon H. Robbins, Matthew J. TI A symmetric capacity-constrained differentiated oligopoly model for the United States pediatric vaccine market with linear demand SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE game theory; pediatric vaccines; immunization; Health care management; vaccine pricing ID BERTRAND-EDGEWORTH DUOPOLY; EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION; PRICE-COMPETITION; EQUILIBRIUM; STABILITY; SAFETY AB The United States pediatric vaccine market is examined using Bertrand-Edgeworth-Chamberlin price competition. The proposed game captures interactions between symmetric, capacity-constrained manufacturers in a differentiated, single-product market with linear demand. Results indicate that a unique pure strategy equilibrium exists in the case where the capacities of the manufacturers are at their extreme. For the capacity region where no pure strategy equilibrium exists, there exists a mixed strategy equilibrium where the distribution function, its support, and the expected profit of the manufacturers are characterized. Three game instances are introduced to model the United States pediatric vaccine market. In each instance, the manufacturers are assumed to have equal capacity in producing vaccines. Vaccines are differentiated based upon the number of reported adverse medical events for that vaccine. Using a game-theoretic model, equilibrium prices are computed for each monovalent vaccine. Results indicate that the equilibrium prices for monovalent vaccines are lower than the federal contract prices. The numerical results provide both a lower and upper bound for the vaccine equilibrium prices in the public sector, based on the capacity of the vaccine manufacturers. Results illustrate the importance of several model parameters such as market demand and vaccine adverse events on the equilibrium prices. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of IIE Transactions for datasets, additional tables, detailed proofs, etc. C1 [Behzad, Banafsheh] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Informat Syst, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Jacobson, Sheldon H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Robbins, Matthew J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Behzad, B (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Informat Syst, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM banafsheh.behzad@csulb.edu OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1161458]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0387] FX This research has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1161458). The second author was also supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-10-1-0387). This material is based upon work supported in part by (while the second author served at) the National Science Foundation. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views, official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, or the United States Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X EI 1545-8830 J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 47 IS 11 SI SI BP 1252 EP 1266 DI 10.1080/0740817X.2015.1009759 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA CQ4CW UT WOS:000360552900007 ER PT J AU Maxwell, NL Wozny, N AF Maxwell, Nan L. Wozny, Nathan TI Understanding the Probability of a Disability Resulting From Work-Related Injuries SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RETURN-TO-WORK; COMPENSATION CLAIMS; DURATION; DETERMINANTS; COSTS; RISK AB Objectives: To assess the conditions under which the measured risk of a workplace injury resulting in a disability changes. Methods: Multivariate regression analysis and administrative claims data build an understanding of the factors that underlie the probability that a workplace injury results in a disability (disability probability). Results: First, jointly examining injury incidence rates and disability probabilities challenges some conclusions suggested by examining the two separately. Second, some characteristics identified as risk factors for disability when studied in isolation are not risk factors. Third, risk factors are qualitatively consistent across groups of workers but quantitatively different. Conclusions: Policymakers might draw incorrect conclusions about the risk of a workplace injury becoming a disability unless the research provides a joint assessment of incidence rates and disability probabilities and a comprehensive analysis of risk factors across worker groups. C1 [Maxwell, Nan L.] Math Policy Res, 505 14th St,Suite 800, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Wozny, Nathan] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Maxwell, NL (reprint author), Math Policy Res, 505 14th St,Suite 800, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM nmaxwell@mathematica-mpr.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1236 EP 1243 DI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000550 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DD0UN UT WOS:000369635600018 PM 26539773 ER PT J AU Stout, TA Gee, KL Neilsen, TB Wall, AT James, MM AF Stout, Trevor A. Gee, Kent L. Neilsen, Tracianne B. Wall, Alan T. James, Michael M. TI Source characterization of full-scale jet noise using acoustic intensity SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT NOISE; FIELD; QUANTITIES; HOLOGRAPHY; PRESSURE; PROBE; ARRAY AB Vector acoustic intensity provides both the direction and magnitude of energy flow at the probe location and is, hence, more informative than acoustic pressure measurements. However, this important quantity has seen little application previously in aeroacoustics. In the present work, an intensity probe, consisting of four microphones, captured the radiated field to the sideline and aft of a tethered, full-scale military jet aircraft as one engine was operated at multiple engine conditions. Data from each probe location provide a frequency-dependent map of the sound flow near the aircraft. The vector acoustic intensity is estimated using a recently developed processing technique that extends the upper-frequency limit of the traditional cross-spectrum-based calculations. The dominant intensity vectors are traced back to the jet centerline as a method of approximating the extent and location of the source region as a function of frequency. As expected for jet mixing noise sources, the resulting source region estimates contract and move upstream with increasing frequency. A comparison of estimated source regions and intensity directionalities between military and afterburner engine conditions reveals important distinctions in the sound fields. (C) 2015 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 [Stout, Trevor A.; Gee, Kent L.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wall, Alan T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [James, Michael M.] Blue Ridge Res & Consulting LLC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Stout, TA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM trevor.stout@hotmail.com; kentgee@physics.byu.edu; tbn@byu.edu; alan.wall.2.ctr@us.af.mil; james@blueridgeresearch.com FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory through the SBIR program; Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University; Air Force FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this analysis from the Office of Naval Research. The measurements were funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory through the SBIR program56 and supported through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA) between Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University and the Air Force. Also, the authors gratefully recognize the efforts of Derek Thomas, Benjamin Christensen and Eric Whiting in the development and implementation of the PAGE intensity processing method. Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 88ABW Cleared 07/08/2015; 88ABW-2015-2087. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV, COLLEGE ENGINEERING, 212 MARSTON HALL, AMES, IA 50011-2152 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 63 IS 6 BP 522 EP 536 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DB7DA UT WOS:000368673500003 ER EF