FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU White, TJ Bunning, TJ Tabiryan, NV AF White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. TI Photosensitive polymer/liquid crystal mixtures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 225-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604165 ER PT J AU Young, AM Eigenbrodt, B Serge, C Reitz, T Howell, T AF Young, Anthony M. Eigenbrodt, Bryan Serge, Carlo Reitz, Thomas Howell, Thomas TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigating the redox chemistry of Sr-2(Mg1-xNix)MoO6 solid oxide fuel cell anode materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Young, Anthony M.; Eigenbrodt, Bryan; Reitz, Thomas; Howell, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, WPAFB, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eigenbrodt, Bryan] Natl Acad Sci, Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Serge, Carlo] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM anthony.young@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 848-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601935 ER PT J AU Butcher, DP Yen, CW Durstock, M Tabor, C Wadams, RC Fabris, L AF Butcher, Dennis P. Yen, Chun-wan Durstock, Michael Tabor, Christopher Wadams, Robert C. Fabris, Laura TI Improved light-harvesting in organic solar cells with plasmonic nanoparticles in the active layer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Butcher, Dennis P.; Yen, Chun-wan; Durstock, Michael; Tabor, Christopher] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wadams, Robert C.; Fabris, Laura] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM dennis.butcher.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 495-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303965 ER PT J AU Eigenbrodt, BC Young, AM Howell, TG Segre, CU Thomas, RL AF Eigenbrodt, Bryan C. Young, Anthony M. Howell, Thomas G. Segre, Carlo U. Thomas, Reitz L. TI High temperature, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the redox chemistry of Sr2MgMoO6 solid oxide fuel cell anode material SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.] Natl Acad Sci, Res Associateship Programs, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.; Young, Anthony M.; Howell, Thomas G.; Thomas, Reitz L.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Segre, Carlo U.] IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Segre, Carlo U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM beigenbr@gmail.com RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009 OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 825-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305221 ER PT J AU Liu, CH Pandey, R Carna, S Hussain, S AF Liu, Chinhui Pandey, Ravindra Carna, Shashi Hussain, Saber TI Modeling of lipid bilayers using first principles method SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liu, Chinhui; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Carna, Shashi] US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Hussain, Saber] US Air Force Res Lab, HEPB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM chinliu@mtu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 74-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305298 ER PT J AU Miller, HA Levisky, JA Jenkins, WW Iacono, ST Corley, CW AF Miller, Hannah A. Levisky, Joseph A. Jenkins, Werner W. Iacono, Scott T. Corley, Cynthia W. TI Isotopic dilutions of mulitple labeled drug analogs of methamphetamine by time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Miller, Hannah A.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Iacono, Scott T.; Corley, Cynthia W.] USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jenkins, Werner W.] El Paso Cty Coroners Off, Colorado Springs, CO 80906 USA. EM hannah.miller.ctr@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 80-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300594 ER PT J AU Patel, A Guliants, EA Bunker, CE Jelliss, PA Buckner, SW AF Patel, Ashish Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. Jelliss, Paul A. Buckner, Steve W. TI Production of air-stable aluminum nanoparticles using polyesters as capping agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Patel, Ashish; Jelliss, Paul A.; Buckner, Steve W.] St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM apatel90@slu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 536-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304944 ER PT J AU Song, CK White, A Zeng, L Leever, BJ Clark, MD Emery, JD Lou, SJ Chen, LX Bedzyk, MJ Marks, TJ AF Song, Charles K. White, Alicia Zeng, Li Leever, Benjamin J. Clark, Michael D. Emery, Jonathan D. Lou, Sylvia J. Chen, Lin X. Bedzyk, Michael J. Marks, Tobin J. TI Modulating charge transport kinetics of bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics via the qddition of dipolar monolayer at the electrode surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Song, Charles K.; Lou, Sylvia J.; Chen, Lin X.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [White, Alicia] Northwestern Univ, Weinberg Coll Arts & Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zeng, Li; Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Grad Program Appl Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Clark, Michael D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Emery, Jonathan D.; Bedzyk, Michael J.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM charles.song@u.northwestern.edu RI Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 3-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304458 ER PT J AU Thomas, BJ Guliants, EA Bunker, CE Jelliss, PA Buckner, SW AF Thomas, Brandon J. Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. Jelliss, Paul A. Buckner, Steven W. TI Aluminum nanoparticle stabilization: Polymerization initiation by electron-rich metallic nanoparticles (PIERMEN) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Thomas, Brandon J.; Jelliss, Paul A.; Buckner, Steven W.] St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM bthoma21@slu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 320-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304745 ER PT J AU Vernon, JP Serak, SV Hrozhyk, UA Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF Vernon, Jonathan P. Serak, Svetlana V. Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A. Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Optically reconfigurable media enabled by photosensitive surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vernon, Jonathan P.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Serak, Svetlana V.; Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM jonathan.vernon.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 179-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303830 ER PT J AU Xue, CM Birel, O Xue, YH Dai, LM Urbas, A Li, Q AF Xue, Chenming Birel, Ozgul Xue, Yuhua Dai, Liming Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI pH and Temperature Modulated Aggregation of Hydrophilic Gold Nanorods with Perylene Dyes and Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES; YIELD AB Hydrophilic mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) monolayer-protected gold nanorods (GNRs) were synthesized. The resulting GNRs encapsulated with biocompatible MSA molecules via covalent Au-S linkages were found to be able to self-aggregate through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, when the hybrid GNRs (MSA-GNR) were mixed with the hydrophilic fluorescent perylene diimide (PDI) molecules and carboxylic acid modified single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH), respectively, their aggregation behaviors were pH- and temperature-dependent, which were investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence spectra, and TEM images. The aggregates of MSA-GNR with functional PDI and CNT-COOH were able to combine the properties of each component through noncovalent interactions, providing insight into developing new multifunctional metal nanocomposites with properties tailored for their practical application. C1 [Xue, Chenming; Birel, Ozgul; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Birel, Ozgul] Mugla Univ, Dept Chem, TR-48121 Mugla, Turkey. [Xue, Yuhua; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xue, CM (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254]; AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-12-1-0037]; TUBITAK from Turkey [2219] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254). Support from AFOSR-MURI (Grant FA9550-12-1-0037) and TUBITAK (Grant 2219) from Turkey is also acknowledged. The TEM data were obtained with assistance from Min Gao at the (cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, OH, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 4 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 13 BP 6752 EP 6758 DI 10.1021/jp400788h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 122KS UT WOS:000317317600031 ER PT J AU Iurov, A Gumbs, G Roslyak, O Huang, D AF Iurov, Andrii Gumbs, Godfrey Roslyak, Oleksiy Huang, Danhong TI Photon dressed electronic states in topological insulators: tunneling and conductance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE AB We have obtained analytic results for the surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators in the presence of circularly polarized light. This electron-photon interaction results in an energy gap as well as a novel energy dispersion of the dressed electron-photon states, different from both graphene and the standard two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Additionally, we made calculations of the ballistic conductance and Klein tunneling in both two- and three-dimensional topological insulators as well as investigating how these phenomena are affected in the presence of circularly polarized light. We have found a critical energy for an incoming particle, separating two substantially different types of tunneling. C1 [Iurov, Andrii; Gumbs, Godfrey; Roslyak, Oleksiy] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, E-20018 San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab ARFL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Iurov, A (reprint author), CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM aiurov@hunter.cuny.edu RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-11-01-0263]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by contract # FA 9453-11-01-0263 of AFRL. DH would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. The authors also acknowledge considerable contribution and helpful discussions with Liubov Zhemchuzhna. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 3 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 13 AR 135502 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/25/13/135502 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104KX UT WOS:000315992900013 PM 23462425 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Saturation of vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering mediated by saturation of the rotational Raman transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-BREAKDOWN; LINE-SHAPES; NITROGEN; CARS; COEFFICIENTS; THERMOMETRY; INTENSITIES; PUMP AB Saturation of vibrational Raman coherence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) using femtosecond (fs) excitation pulses is investigated theoretically. The pump in a typical fs-CARS configuration has a bandwidth of a few hundred cm(-1) that can couple tens of rotational states of room-air nitrogen molecules simultaneously, unlike in CARS with longer pulse durations. It is demonstrated that the vibrational coherence and also the vibrational CARS with fs excitation display saturationlike behavior once the rotational coherence is saturated. The Raman saturation threshold for the fs pump is numerically estimated to be at a peak intensity of similar to 10(22) W/m(2), which is six to seven orders of magnitude higher than that in the nanosecond regime. The results are compared with the known saturation thresholds in different pulse-duration regimes and placed in perspective with other nonlinear thresholds reported in fs excitation regimes. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043801 C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-D-2329, FA8650-10-C-2008]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Air Force Research Laboratory (Contracts No. F33615-03-D-2329 and No. FA8650-10-C-2008) and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2012-6541). The authors would like to thank Dr. Alan Eckbreth for inspiring this work through stimulating discussions. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 2 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 043801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043801 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 117IL UT WOS:000316946700003 ER PT J AU Murray, V Llamocca, D Lyke, J Avery, K Jiang, YB Pattichis, M AF Murray, Victor Llamocca, Daniel Lyke, James Avery, Keith Jiang, Yuebing Pattichis, Marios TI Cell-Based Architecture for Adaptive Wiring Panels: A First Prototype SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB We present a first prototype for developing the concept of a manifold of adaptive wiring cells connected as a single overall adaptive wiring panel. The main use of the adaptive wiring panel is related to affordable plug-and-play space applications. A reconfigurable switch fabric enables dynamic routing of signals and power; thus, power, digital, and analog signals can be routed for space systems. This concept can also be applied to terrestrial applications such as aircraft wiring and ground-based systems. The adaptive wiring panel is a manifold of adaptive wiring cells cast as a single overall panel. The panel is a pegboard-like structure, which does not articulate specific sockets, but rather provides a continuous grid of contact pads and mechanical mounting holes. Implementation is based on three basic elements: 1) cell units, which are minimum independent units of the adaptive wiring panel, each with interconnections and links with other cells to form the switch fabric by which we wire components to each other; 2) a cell management unit, which talks independently with all cell units and manages the wiring path and panel switch connections; and 3) modules that provide the components to be wired. C1 [Murray, Victor; Llamocca, Daniel; Jiang, Yuebing; Pattichis, Marios] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lyke, James; Avery, Keith] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Murray, V (reprint author), Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn & Automat, Av Cascanueces 2281, Lima 48, Peru. OI Llamocca, Daniel/0000-0003-1301-3655 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.2514/1.I010024 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AB2FM UT WOS:000331608600003 ER PT J AU Trocha-Van Nort, A AF Trocha-Van Nort, Andrea TI Want of Speech in RICHARD II SO EXPLICATOR LA English DT Article DE King Richard II; metaphor; retributive punishment; Richard II; William Shakespeare; torture C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Trocha-Van Nort, A (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0014-4940 EI 1939-926X J9 EXPLICATOR JI Explicator PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 71 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1080/00144940.2013.781006 PG 4 WC Literature SC Literature GA 159BY UT WOS:000320020200013 ER PT J AU Kwon, Y Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Kwon, Yangsoo Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Target detection and reconstruction for compressive multiple-input, multiple-output ultra-wideband noise radar imaging SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC DECOMPOSITION; PRINCIPLES; DESIGN AB We propose a sample selection method for multiple-input, multiple-output ultra-wideband noise radar imaging using compressive sensing. The proposed sample selection is based on comparing the norm values of candidates among the potential received signal and selecting the largest M samples among N per antenna to obtain selection diversity. Moreover, we propose an adaptive weighting allocation that improves reconstruction accuracy of compressive sensing by maximizing the mutual information between target echoes and transmitted signals. This weighting scheme is applicable to both sample selection schemes, a conventional random sampling and the proposed selection. Further, the weighting allocation with the knowledge of recovery error is proposed for more practical scenarios. Simulations show that the proposed selection and weighting allocation enhance multiple target detection probability and reduce normalized mean square error. (c) 2013 SPIE and IS&T C1 [Kwon, Yangsoo; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Code RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kwon, Y (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ram@engr.psu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0605] FX The research is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Contract #FA9550-09-1-0605. We appreciate valuable comments provided by Dr. Jon Sjogren of AFOSR. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD APR-JUN PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 AR 021008 DI 10.1117/1.JEI.22.2.021008 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 190XF UT WOS:000322376100009 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT LeMaster, DA AF Eismann, Michael T. LeMaster, Daniel A. TI Aerosol modulation transfer function model for passive long-range imaging over a nonuniform atmospheric path SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aerosol scattering; modulation transfer function; remote sensing; atmospheric modeling; adjacency effect ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; RESOLUTION AB An aerosol modulation transfer function (MTF) model is developed to assess the impact of aerosol scattering on passive long-range imaging sensors. The methodology extends from previous work to explicitly address imaging scenarios with a nonuniform distribution of scattering characteristics over the propagation path and incorporates the moderate resolution transfer code database of aerosol cross-section and phase function characteristics in order to provide an empirical foundation for realistic quantitative MTF assessments. The resulting model is compared with both predictions from a Monte-Carlo scattering simulation and a scene-derived MTF estimate from an empirical image, with reasonable agreement in both cases. Application to long-range imaging situations at both visible and infrared wavelengths indicates that the magnitude and functional form of the aerosol MTF differ significantly from other contributors to the composite system MTF. Furthermore, the image-quality impact is largely radiometric in the sense that the contrast reduction is approximately independent of spatial frequency, and image blur is practically negligible. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Eismann, Michael T.; LeMaster, Daniel A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 AR 046201 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.4.046201 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151DB UT WOS:000319439700051 ER PT J AU Nair, NV Pray, AJ Villa-Giron, J Shanker, B Wilton, DR AF Nair, N. V. Pray, A. J. Villa-Giron, J. Shanker, B. Wilton, D. R. TI A Singularity Cancellation Technique for Weakly Singular Integrals on Higher Order Surface Descriptions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Near singularity; singular quadrature; singularity cancellation ID NUMERICAL EVALUATION; POTENTIAL INTEGRALS; POLYHEDRAL DOMAINS; EQUATION METHODS; QUADRATURE; KERNELS AB Accurate integration of singular and near-singular functions is critical to the accuracy of the method of moments solution to surface integral equations. While this problem has been widely addressed for flat geometries, its extensions to higher order surface descriptions have been limited. This letter provides a systematic prescription for the application of the rules for weakly singular integrals on higher order surfaces. Here, we present implementation details and several demonstrative results that compare the accuracy and convergence of the integration rules. C1 [Nair, N. V.; Pray, A. J.; Shanker, B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Villa-Giron, J.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shanker, B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wilton, D. R.] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Nair, NV (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nairn@msu.edu FU NSF [DMS 0811197, CCF 1018516]; AFRL [FA8650-09-C-1619]; DoD SMART Fellowship [N00244-09-1-0081] FX This work was supported by the NSF via DMS 0811197 and CCF 1018516, and AFRL via FA8650-09-C-1619. The work of A. J. Pray was supported by DoD SMART Fellowship N00244-09-1-0081. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2013 VL 61 IS 4 BP 2347 EP 2352 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2238880 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 156OB UT WOS:000319830800061 ER PT J AU Santana, JAC Young, CM McClory, JW Petrosky, JC Wang, X Liu, P Tang, JK Adamiv, VT Burak, YV Fukutani, K Dowben, PA AF Santana, Juan A. Colon Young, C. M. McClory, J. W. Petrosky, J. C. Wang, X. Liu, P. Tang, Jinke Adamiv, V. T. Burak, Ya V. Fukutani, Keisuke Dowben, P. A. TI Gamma and X-ray sensitivity of Gd2O3 heterojunctions SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE Oxide dielectric layers; Gd doping; Neutron detection ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE; GADOLINIUM; DETECTORS; STATES AB We find that Gd2O3 thin films strongly favor a (-402) texture growth on a variety of substrates and will form heterojunction diodes with silicon, especially when doped with oxygen vacancies. Even in the thin film limit, these heterojunction diodes appear to be sensitive to gamma radiation, likely from the X-rays created by scattering events, adding to the numerous hurdles that must be overcome if Gd based semiconductor devices are to be used for solid state neutron detection applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santana, Juan A. Colon] Univ Nebraska, Coll Engn & Technol, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Walter Scott Engn Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Young, C. M.; McClory, J. W.; Petrosky, J. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, X.; Liu, P.; Tang, Jinke] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Adamiv, V. T.; Burak, Ya V.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Fukutani, Keisuke; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Theodore Jorgensen Hall,855 North 16th St,POB 880, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM juan.colon.santana@gmail.com; John.McClory@afit.edu; james.petrosky@afit.edu; xianjiewanghit@yahoo.com.cn; jtang2@uwyo.edu; adamiv@ifo.lviv.ua; burak@ifo.lviv.ua; nekocat@unl.edu; pdowben1@unl.edu RI Liu, Pan/P-2625-2016; OI Liu, Pan/0000-0002-4287-1395; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008]; Department of Homeland Security [IAA:HSHQDC-08-X-00641/P00001] FX The authors would like acknowledge key discussions with Glenn F. Knoll, Anthony Caruso, and Abigail A. Bickley. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA1-07-1-0008) and the Department of Homeland Security (IAA:HSHQDC-08-X-00641/P00001). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD APR-MAY PY 2013 VL 51-52 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.02.021 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 160XB UT WOS:000320152700015 ER PT J AU Cushen, SE Turkyilmaz, I AF Cushen, Sarra E. Turkyilmaz, Ilser TI IMPACT OF OPERATOR EXPERIENCE ON THE ACCURACY OF IMPLANT PLACEMENT WITH STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC SURGICAL TEMPLATES: AN IN VITRO STUDY SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ORAL IMPLANTS; GUIDES; SURGERY; SURVIVAL; IMAGES AB Statement of problem. To achieve functional and esthetic results, implants must be placed accurately. However, little information relating to the effect of operator experience on implant placement accuracy is available. Purpose. The objective of this investigation was to measure the accuracy of dental implant placement with a bone-supported stereolithographic surgical template created from a virtual implant plan and to determine the effect of operator experience on implant placement accuracy. Material and methods. Twenty photopolymer resin edentulous mandibles were scanned with cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Five implants were planned virtually for each mandible, and a stereolithographic surgical template was made. Four operators placed a total of 100 implants (25 per operator). Two of the operators were experienced in implant placement and 2 operators had limited prior implant placement experience. A CBCT scan of the postimplant placement mandibles was performed, and the images were superimposed on the preimplant placement images containing the virtual implant plans. The amount of angular, horizontal, and vertical deviation of the placed implants from the virtually planned implants at the apex and platform was calculated, and statistically significant differences were detected between the operator groups by using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) (alpha=.05). Results. For the experienced operators, the mean error of angular deviation was 2.60 +/- 1.25 degrees, of horizontal deviation at the apex 0.34 +/- 0.15 mm, of horizontal deviation at the platform 0.63 +/- 0.28 mm, of vertical deviation at the apex 0.59 +/- 0.12 mm, and of vertical deviation at the platform 0.16 +/- 0.11 mm. For the inexperienced group, the mean error of angular deviation was 3.96 +/- 1.64 degrees, of horizontal deviation at the apex 0.42 +/- 0.19 mm, of horizontal deviation at the platform 0.77 +/- 0.33 mm, ofvertical deviation at the apex 0.62 +/- 0.13 mm, and of vertical deviation at the platform 0.15 0.11 mm. The MANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between the experienced and inexperienced groups for angular and horizontal error at the implant apex and platform (P<.05). Conclusions. The results of this in vitro investigation revealed that the experience level of the operator placing the implants contributes to the accuracy of implant placement, with more experienced operators placing more implants accurately. C1 [Cushen, Sarra E.] USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. [Turkyilmaz, Ilser] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dent Sch Implant Clin, Dept Comprehens Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Turkyilmaz, I (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dent Sch Implant Clin, Dept Comprehens Dent, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7914, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM turkyilmaz@uthscsa.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 EI 1097-6841 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD APR PY 2013 VL 109 IS 4 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 153WA UT WOS:000319632000008 PM 23566606 ER PT J AU Thibault, L Avitabile, P Foley, J Wolfson, J AF Thibault, Louis Avitabile, Peter Foley, Jason Wolfson, Janet TI Equivalent reduced model technique development for nonlinear system dynamic response SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear analysis; Forced nonlinear response; Linear components for nonlinear analysis; Modal analysis; Reduced order modeling ID MODAL SUPERPOSITION; REDUCTION AB The dynamic response of structural systems commonly involves nonlinear effects. Often times, structural systems are made up of several components, whose individual behavior is essentially linear compared to the total assembled system. However, the assembly of linear components using highly nonlinear connection elements or contact regions causes the entire system to become nonlinear. Conventional transient nonlinear integration of the equations of motion can be extremely computationally intensive, especially when the finite element models describing the components are very large and detailed. In this work, the equivalent reduced model technique (ERMT) is developed to address complicated nonlinear contact problems. ERMT utilizes a highly accurate model reduction scheme, the System equivalent reduction expansion process (SEREP). Extremely reduced order models that provide dynamic characteristics of linear components, which are interconnected with highly nonlinear connection elements, are formulated with SEREP for the dynamic response evaluation using direct integration techniques. The full-space solution will be compared to the response obtained using drastically reduced models to make evident the usefulness of the technique for a variety of analytical cases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thibault, Louis; Avitabile, Peter] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Struct Dynam & Acoust Syst Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Foley, Jason; Wolfson, Janet] USAF, Munit Directorate, Fuzes Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Thibault, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Struct Dynam & Acoust Syst Lab, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM louishthibault@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8651-10-1-0009] FX Some of the work presented herein was partially funded by Air Force Research Laboratory Award No. FA8651-10-1-0009 "Development of Dynamic Response Modeling Techniques for Linear Modal Components". Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the particular funding agency. The authors are grateful for the support obtained. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 422 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.07.013 PG 34 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 149EP UT WOS:000319302100012 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Woodward, C. TI Atomistic simulations of surface cross-slip nucleation in face-centered cubic nickel and copper SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Surface cross-slip; Atomistic simulations; Embedded atom potentials; Nickel; Copper ID SCREW DISLOCATION INTERSECTIONS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; MULTIPLICATION; DEPENDENCE; FOILS; GOLD AB In this manuscript, embedded atom potentials are used to determine the various core structures of glide screw-character dislocations intersecting free surfaces at right and inclined angles in face-centered cubic Ni and Cu. It is shown that the negative constriction forms at free surfaces under certain conditions. The role of various factors affecting the formation of negative constriction at the free surface, negative constriction energy, ledge annihilation and screw dislocation rotation due to Lothe's forces are discussed. The activation energy for surface cross-slip nucleation when the screw dislocation intersects the free surfaces at right angles, in the absence of ledge annihilation forces, is shown to be 0.05 eV in Ni and 0.09 eV in Cu. The activation-energy values obtained via the nudged elastic band method are significantly lower than the activation energy for cross-slip at attractive forest dislocation intersections in these materials. The present results are expected to be useful in understanding the mechanical behavior of micron-sized pillars under pure tension and compression. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM satish.rao@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX The authors acknowledge use of the 3-D molecular dynamics code LAMMPS, which was developed at Sandia National Laboratory by Dr. Steve Plimpton and co-workers. This work was supported by the AFOSR (Dr. David Stargel), and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. The work was performed at the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2013 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2500 EP 2508 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.01.026 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120HQ UT WOS:000317161800020 ER PT J AU Wu, QY Quach, TK Mattamana, A Elabd, S Orlando, PL Dooley, SR McCue, JJ Creech, GL Khalil, W AF Wu, Qiyang Quach, Tony K. Mattamana, Aji Elabd, Salma Orlando, Pompei L. Dooley, Steven R. McCue, Jamin J. Creech, Gregory L. Khalil, Waleed TI Frequency Tuning Range Extension in LC-VCOs Using Negative-Capacitance Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS LA English DT Article DE LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) (LC-VCOs); millimeter-wave integrated circuits; negative-capacitance (NC) circuits; wide-tuning-range VCOs ID PHASE-LOCKED LOOP; 0.13-MU-M CMOS; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN AB We present an experimentally validated capacitance cancellation structure to increase the tuning range (TR) of LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) with minimal phase noise or power impact. The cancellation is based on an ultrawideband differential active negative-capacitance (NC) circuit. An NC scheme suitable for bottom-biased VCOs is analyzed and combined with a CMOS VCO to cancel the fixed capacitance in the LC tank. The NC structure is further modified to be tunable, enabling additional expansion of the VCO TR. By manipulating the quality factor (Q) of the NC tuning varactor pair, a prototype VCO achieves a maximum TR of 27% in a 130-nm technology, while dissipating 13 mA from a 0.9-V supply. The TR is the highest reported at Q-band, covering from 34.5 GHz to 45.4 GHz. Compared to the reference VCO without an NC circuit, the TR is increased by 38%. The measured worst case phase noise is -95 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, and the FOMT is -184.9 dBc/Hz. C1 [Wu, Qiyang; Elabd, Salma; McCue, Jamin J.; Creech, Gregory L.; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Quach, Tony K.; Mattamana, Aji; Orlando, Pompei L.; Dooley, Steven R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, QY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wuq@ece.osu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. This brief was recommended by Associate Editor C. H. Heng. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-7747 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Express Briefs PD APR PY 2013 VL 60 IS 4 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1109/TCSII.2013.2251939 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 139IL UT WOS:000318575700002 ER PT J AU Berger, M Levine, JA Nonato, LG Taubin, G Silva, CT AF Berger, Matthew Levine, Joshua A. Nonato, Luis Gustavo Taubin, Gabriel Silva, Claudio T. TI A Benchmark for Surface Reconstruction SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Experimentation; Performance; Computer graphics; geometry processing; surface reconstruction; point cloud; benchmark; indicator function; point set surface; multilevel partition of unity ID IMPLICIT SURFACES; INTERPOLATION; ALGORITHMS; PARTITION; MESHES; SCANS AB We present a benchmark for the evaluation and comparison of algorithms which reconstruct a surface from point cloud data. Although a substantial amount of effort has been dedicated to the problem of surface reconstruction, a comprehensive means of evaluating this class of algorithms is noticeably absent. We propose a simple pipeline for measuring surface reconstruction algorithms, consisting of three main phases: surface modeling, sampling, and evaluation. We use implicit surfaces for modeling shapes which are capable of representing details of varying size and sharp features. From these implicit surfaces, we produce point clouds by synthetically generating range scans which resemble realistic scan data produced by an optical triangulation scanner. We validate our synthetic sampling scheme by comparing against scan data produced by a commercial optical laser scanner, where we scan a 3D-printed version of the original surface. Last, we perform evaluation by comparing the output reconstructed surface to a dense uniformly distributed sampling of the implicit surface. We decompose our benchmark into two distinct sets of experiments. The first set of experiments measures reconstruction against point clouds of complex shapes sampled under a wide variety of conditions. Although these experiments are quite useful for comparison, they lack a fine-grain analysis. To complement this, the second set of experiments measures specific properties of surface reconstruction, in terms of sampling characteristics and surface features. Together, these experiments depict a detailed examination of the state of surface reconstruction algorithms. C1 [Berger, Matthew] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Levine, Joshua A.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Nonato, Luis Gustavo] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Taubin, Gabriel] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Silva, Claudio T.] NYU, Polytech Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Berger, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bergerm@cs.utah.edu RI Nonato, Luis Gustavo/D-5782-2011; OI Taubin, Gabriel/0000-0002-1983-7607 FU National Science Foundation; Fapesp-Brazil; CNPq-NSF FX This work was partially funded by the National Science Foundation and grants from Fapesp-Brazil and CNPq-NSF. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0730-0301 EI 1557-7368 J9 ACM T GRAPHIC JI ACM Trans. Graph. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 AR 20 DI 10.1145/2451236.2451246 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 138CE UT WOS:000318485100010 ER PT J AU Martin, JS Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M Englert, DR Bakalar, JL Olsen, C Nademin, EM Jobes, DA Branlund, S AF Martin, Jeffery S. Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan Englert, David R. Bakalar, Jennifer L. Olsen, Cara Nademin, Elicia M. Jobes, David A. Branlund, Shannon TI Marital Status, Life Stressor Precipitants, and Communications of Distress and Suicide Intent in a Sample of United States Air Force Suicide Decedents SO ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air force; marital status; military; prevention; psychological autopsy; suicide ID CONTROL PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY; HEALTH-SERVICE UTILIZATION; RISK-FACTORS; EVENTS; DEATH AB Life stressor precipitants and communications of distress and suicide intent were examined among a sample of United States Air Force (USAF) married versus unmarried suicide decedents. A total of 100 death investigations conducted by the Office of Special Investigations on active duty USAF suicides occurring between 1996 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Married decedents were twice as likely 1) to have documented interpersonal conflict 24 hours prior to suicide and 2) to have communicated suicide intent to peers or professionals. Themes of distress communication for all decedents were intrapersonal (perceived stress, depression, psychological pain) and interpersonal (thwarted belongingness, rejection, loneliness). Suicide prevention programs and policies are encouraged to adapt efforts to the unique needs of married and unmarried individuals. C1 [Martin, Jeffery S.; Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Marjan; Bakalar, Jennifer L.; Olsen, Cara; Branlund, Shannon] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Englert, David R.] USAF, Off Special Invest, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Nademin, Elicia M.] Carl T Hayden VA Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Jobes, David A.] Catholic Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC USA. RP Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd,Room B3050, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marjan.holloway@usuhs.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1381-1118 J9 ARCH SUICIDE RES JI Arch. Suicide Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 17 IS 2 BP 148 EP 160 DI 10.1080/13811118.2013.776456 PG 13 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 135LD UT WOS:000318288700005 PM 23614487 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Amdahl, D Camacho, JF Coffey, SK Degnan, JH Delaney, R Frese, M Gale, D Grabowski, TC Gribble, R Intrator, TP McCullough, J Montano, N Robinson, PR Wurden, G AF Domonkos, M. T. Amdahl, D. Camacho, J. F. Coffey, S. K. Degnan, J. H. Delaney, R. Frese, M. Gale, D. Grabowski, T. C. Gribble, R. Intrator, T. P. McCullough, J. Montano, N. Robinson, P. R. Wurden, G. TI Applied magnetic field design for the field reversed configuration compression heating experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FRX-L; LINER; FUSION; PLASMA AB Detailed calculations of the formation, guide, and mirror applied magnetic fields in the FRC compression-heating experiment (FRCHX) were conducted using a commercially available generalized finite element solver, COMSOL Multiphysics (R). In FRCHX, an applied magnetic field forms, translates, and finally captures the FRC in the liner region sufficiently long to enable compression. Large single turn coils generate the fast magnetic fields necessary for FRC formation. Solenoidal coils produce the magnetic field for translation and capture of the FRC prior to liner implosion. Due to the limited FRC lifetime, liner implosion is initiated before the FRC is injected, and the magnetic flux that diffuses into the liner is compressed. Two-dimensional axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations using MACH2 were used to specify optimal magnetic field characteristics, and this paper describes the simulations conducted to design magnetic field coils and compression hardware for FRCHX. This paper presents the vacuum solution for the magnetic field. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4801952] C1 [Domonkos, M. T.; Amdahl, D.; Degnan, J. H.; Delaney, R.; Grabowski, T. C.; Robinson, P. R.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Camacho, J. F.; Coffey, S. K.; Frese, M.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gale, D.; McCullough, J.; Montano, N.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gribble, R.; Intrator, T. P.; Wurden, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL/RDHPWorkflowOrgMailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences FX This work is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 4 AR 043507 DI 10.1063/1.4801952 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 134UQ UT WOS:000318240900023 PM 23635196 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Cummings, RM AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Cummings, Russell M. TI Highly cited literature of high-speed compressible flow research SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Compressible flow; High speed; Hypersonic; Supersonic; Transonic; Ramjet; Scramjet; Computational fluid dynamics; Citation analysis; Literature survey; Literature review ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SUPERSONIC MIXING LAYER; STEADY TRANSONIC SHOCKS; HYPERSONIC VISCOUS-FLOW; FINITE-ELEMENT PANELS; AIR DIFFUSION FLAMES; BLUNT-NOSED BODIES; FREE SHEAR LAYERS AB High-speed flow research has been sponsored and performed at differing levels of effort since the late 1800s. For example, hypersonic research has experienced numerous cycles since the 1950s, with various periods of high research activity, followed by equally long periods of very low activity. This lack of continuity in high-speed flow research has led to a situation where researchers of one "generation" often do not know what the researchers of previous "generations" have done, mainly due to large losses of institutional knowledge in government, industry, and academic organizations. Therefore, a chronically weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of critical background documents that form the building blocks and intellectual heritage for modern compressible flow research. A method for systematically determining these critical references is presented in the context of its application to high-speed flow using Citation-Assisted Background, which is based on the assumption that many critical documents tend to be highly cited within the literature, although not necessarily recently. While Citation-Assisted Background is a highly systematic approach for identifying critical references, it is not a substitute for the judgement of the researchers, but rather complements their expertise. In this critical review of high-speed compressible flow, important documents have been identified using Citation-Assisted Background, but other documents have been added by the authors to enhance the picture provided by the highly-cited documents. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Gainesville, VA 20155 USA. [Cummings, Russell M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 351 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD APR-MAY PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 216 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2012.04.006 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 130CJ UT WOS:000317890000024 ER PT J AU Kuridze, D Mathioudakis, M Kowalski, AF Keys, PH Jess, DB Balasubramaniam, KS Keenan, FP AF Kuridze, D. Mathioudakis, M. Kowalski, A. F. Keys, P. H. Jess, D. B. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Keenan, F. P. TI Failed filament eruption inside a coronal mass ejection in active region 11121 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID SOLAR-FLARES; KINK INSTABILITY; INTERNAL RECONNECTION; BREAKOUT MODEL; FLUX ROPES; LOOPS; SIGNATURES; TOPOLOGY; EVENT AB Aims. We study the formation and evolution of a failed filament eruption observed in NOAA active region 11121 near the southeast limb on November 6, 2010. Methods. We used a time series of SDO/AIA 304, 171, 131, 193, 335, and 94 angstrom images, SDO/HMI magnetograms, as well as ROSA and ISOON H alpha images to study the erupting active region. Results. We identify coronal loop arcades associated with a quadrupolar magnetic configuration, and show that the expansion and cancellation of the central loop arcade system over the filament is followed by the eruption of the filament. The erupting filament reveals a clear helical twist and develops the same sign of writhe in the form of inverse gamma-shape. Conclusions. The observations support the "magnetic breakout" process in which the eruption is triggered by quadrupolar reconnection in the corona. We propose that the formation mechanism of the inverse gamma-shape flux rope is the magnetohydrodynamic helical kink instability. The eruption has failed because of the large-scale, closed, overlying magnetic loop arcade that encloses the active region. C1 [Kuridze, D.; Mathioudakis, M.; Keys, P. H.; Jess, D. B.; Keenan, F. P.] Queens Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Kowalski, A. F.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Kuridze, D.] Ilia State Univ, Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-0612 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Jess, D. B.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Math, Ctr Math Plasma Astrophys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Kuridze, D (reprint author), Queens Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM dkuridze01@qub.ac.uk OI Jess, David/0000-0002-9155-8039 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); Leverhulme Trust [F/00203/X]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-09-13085]; FWO FX We thank an anonymous referee for many important comments and suggestions especially on the interpretation part of our manuscript. Observations were obtained at the National Solar Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc (AURA) under agreement with the National Science Foundation. We thank the teams of SDO/AIA and SDO/HMI for providing valuable data. This work is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). This work has been supported by the Leverhulme Trust grant F/00203/X. We thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF for sponsorship under grant number FA8655-09-13085. D.B.J. is grateful to the FWO for the award of a Marie Curie Pegasus Fellowship. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2013 VL 552 AR A55 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220055 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 130JW UT WOS:000317912000055 ER PT J AU Cain, J DeWitt, MJ Blunck, D Corporan, E Striebich, R Anneken, D Klingshirn, C Roquemore, WM Vander Wal, R AF Cain, Jeremy DeWitt, Matthew J. Blunck, David Corporan, Edwin Striebich, Richard Anneken, David Klingshirn, Christopher Roquemore, W. M. Vander Wal, Randy TI Characterization of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions From a Turboshaft Engine Burning Conventional, Alternative, and Surrogate Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling CY JUN 10-14, 2012 CL St. Pete Beach, FL ID AIRCRAFT TURBINE-ENGINES; FISCHER-TROPSCH FUELS; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RESEARCH COMBUSTOR; EXHAUST; SOOT; COMPONENTS; FLAMES; GROWTH AB The effect of fuel composition on the operability and gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions of an Allison T63-A-700 turboshaft engine operated at four power settings was investigated in this effort. Testing was performed with a specification JP-8, a synthetic paraffinic kerosene, and four two-component surrogate mixtures that comprise compound classes within current and future alternative fuels. Comparable engine operability was observed for all fuels during this study. Major gaseous emissions were only slightly effected, with trends consistent with those expected based on the overall hydrogen content of the fuels. However, minor hydrocarbon and aldehyde emissions were significantly more sensitive to the fuel chemical composition. Linear correlations between speciated hydrocarbon and aldehyde emissions were observed over the full engine operating range for the fuels tested. The corresponding slopes were dependent on the fuel composition, indicating that fuel chemistry affects the selectivity to specific decomposition pathways. Unburned fuel components were observed in the engine exhaust during operation with all fuels, demonstrating that completely unreacted fuel compounds can pass through the high temperature/pressure combustion zone. Nonvolatile PM emissions (soot) were strongly affected by the fuel chemical composition. Paraffinic fuels produced significantly lower PM number and mass emissions relative to aromatic-containing fuels, with the paraffin structure affecting sooting propensity. The observations are consistent with those expected based on simplified soot formation mechanisms, where fuels with direct precursors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation have higher PM formation rates. The effect of a specific chemical structure on the relative PM production is important as this would not be evident when comparing sooting tendencies of fuels based on bulk fuel properties. All fuels produced similar single log-normal size distributions of soot, with higher sooting fuels producing larger mean diameter particles. It is hypothesized that the controlling growth and formation mechanisms for PM production are similar for different fuel chemistries in this regime, with composition primarily affecting soot formation rate. This hypothesis was supported by preliminary TEM analyses that showed similar soot microstructures during operation with either conventional JP-8 or alternative fuels. Overall, this study provides additional and improved insight into the effect of fuel chemical composition on complex combustion chemistry and emissions propensity in a gas turbine engine, and can assist with the successful development of predictive modeling tools. C1 [Cain, Jeremy] CNR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeWitt, Matthew J.; Striebich, Richard; Anneken, David; Klingshirn, Christopher] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blunck, David; Corporan, Edwin; Roquemore, W. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vander Wal, Randy] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP DeWitt, MJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.dewitt@wpafb.af.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [WP2145]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2-2934] FX Funding for this work through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (WP2145) is gratefully appreciated. The authors thank Dr. Tim Edwards (AFRL) for supplying the fuels, Dean Brigalli (AFRL) for operating the engine, and Joe Mantz (UDRI) for experimental setup and operation. Rhonda Cook and Linda Shafer provided analytical support and fuel property measurements, and the Air Force Petroleum Agency is thanked for performing the ASTM specification testing. This research was performed while Jeremy Cain held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The support of Dr. Alexander Laskin (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) in loaning the cascade impactor is greatly appreciated. The authors also thank the reviewers of this manuscript for useful suggestions. The efforts of UDRI were sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Cooperative Research Agreement FA8650-10-2-2934. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 2290 EP 2302 DI 10.1021/ef400009c PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 130WN UT WOS:000317950900060 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZW Wu, Q Luo, SD Zhang, C Baur, J Justice, R Liu, T AF Xiao, Zhiwei Wu, Qiang Luo, Sida Zhang, Chuck Baur, Jeffery Justice, Ryan Liu, Tao TI Shape Matters: A Gold Nanoparticle Enabled Shape Memory Polymer Triggered by Laser Irradiation SO PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticles; laser activation; nanocomposites; shape-memory polymers; structure-property relationships ID POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; HARD DOMAINS; NANORODS; NANOSTRUCTURES; TECOFLEX(R); SCATTERING; PROGRESS; SPECTRA; STRAIN AB With incorporation of gold nanoparticles, i.e., nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS), into a polyurethane-based shape-memory polymer (SMP) EG-72D matrix, SMP nanocomposite films capable of being remotely triggered by low-power laser are fabricated and characterized using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It is demonstrated that, with incorporation of very low concentration of gold nanorods (approximate to 0.1 wt%), the mechanically programmed EG-72D/AuNR nanocomposite presents rapid response to low power laser irradiation (785 nm, approximate to 10 mW). Comparative studies on the laser irradiation response of EG-72D/AuNS and EG-72D/AuNR nanocomposite films suggest that AuNRs have significantly higher photothermal conversion efficiency than AuNS and on-resonance laser irradiation, matching the wavelength of the incident laser with the longitudinal plasmon resonance of AuNR, is necessary to induce the fast response of gold nanoparticle enabled SMP nanocomposites. C1 [Xiao, Zhiwei; Wu, Qiang; Luo, Sida; Zhang, Chuck; Liu, Tao] Florida State Univ, High Performance Mat Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Baur, Jeffery; Justice, Ryan] USAF, AFRL RXBC, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xiao, ZW (reprint author), Florida State Univ, High Performance Mat Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM liutao@eng.fsu.edu RI Wu, Qiang/C-2437-2011; Xiao, Zhiwei/A-7500-2015; OI Wu, Qiang/0000-0003-2774-1506; Xiao, Zhiwei/0000-0001-7935-4845; Liu, Tao/0000-0003-0267-4925 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); High-Performance Materials Institute at Florida State University FX The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the High-Performance Materials Institute at Florida State University. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 49 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0934-0866 EI 1521-4117 J9 PART PART SYST CHAR JI Part. Part. Syst. Charact. PD APR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 4 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1002/ppsc.201200088 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 132ZA UT WOS:000318106000007 ER PT J AU Del Arroyo, JRG Jackson, JA AF Del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez Jackson, Julie Ann TI WiMAX OFDM for Passive SAR Ground Imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AMBIGUITY FUNCTION; RADAR; SIGNAL AB Modern communication systems provide myriad opportunities for passive radar applications. Research is introduced here on the passive use of worldwide inoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ground imaging. The anatomy of the waveform is presented followed by a brief bistatic ambiguity function analysis. The monostatic and bistatic models for OFDM range compression are derived and validated with experimental data. We conclude with SAR imaging results and a discussion on future research. C1 [Del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez; Jackson, Julie Ann] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Del Arroyo, JRG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu RI Furumoto, Jun-ichi/E-8676-2013 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 945 EP 959 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 127AY UT WOS:000317667700018 ER PT J AU Kwon, Y Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Kwon, Yangsoo Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Multi-Target Detection using Total Correlation for Noise Radar Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM DESIGN; DETECTION PERFORMANCE; MIMO RADAR; INFORMATION; SAMPLES; MATRIX; OPTIMIZATION; ENTROPY AB Target detection is one of the important functions of radar systems. In this paper, we present a detection method using total correlation (TC) based on information theory for noise radar systems which enables the detection of multiple targets at intermediate and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. The proposed method utilizes the largest eigenvalue of the sample covariance matrix to extract information from the transmitted signal replica, and outperforms the conventional TC detector when reflected signals have intermediate or low SNR values. Additionally, in order to avoid ambiguous target occurrence, we propose an adaptive threshold to guarantee the detection performance with the same receiving antenna elements for a given false alarm probability. The threshold is computed from the largest and smallest eigenvalue distributions based on random matrix theory. Simulations show that the proposed detection method can be used for a wide range of SNR environments, and the threshold provides definitive target detection. C1 [Kwon, Yangsoo; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, RF Exploitat Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Pattterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kwon, Y (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 202 EE East Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ram@engr.psu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0605] FX The research is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Contract FA9550-09-1-0605. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 1251 EP 1262 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 127AY UT WOS:000317667700038 ER PT J AU Horvath, MS Gorham, LA Rigling, BD AF Horvath, Matthew S. Gorham, LeRoy A. Rigling, Brian D. TI Scene Size Bounds for PFA Imaging with Postfiltering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRONT CURVATURE CORRECTION; BISTATIC SAR IMAGE; RANGE AB The polar format algorithm (PFA) for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation utilizes a first-order Taylor approximation of the differential range to improve computational efficiency, leading to image distortion and defocus. Limiting scene size by bounding the second-order Taylor series terms can restrict the impact of these errors, or alternatively, one may correct for these errors through spatially-variant filtering in post processing. In this letter we analyze the increase in allowable scene size that is realized through such processing. C1 [Horvath, Matthew S.] MacAulay Brown Inc, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. [Gorham, LeRoy A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Horvath, MS (reprint author), MacAulay Brown Inc, 4021 Execut Dr, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 1402 EP 1406 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 127AY UT WOS:000317667700054 ER PT J AU Franzi, MA Gilgenbach, RM Hoff, BW Chalenski, DA Simon, D Lau, YY Luginsland, J AF Franzi, Matthew A. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Hoff, Brad W. Chalenski, David A. Simon, David Lau, Y. Y. Luginsland, John TI Recirculating-Planar-Magnetron Simulations and Experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cavity magnetron; high power microwave; recirculating planar magnetron (RPM); vacuum electronics ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON AB Microwave oscillation has been measured for the first time in a 12-cavity axial-magnetic-field recirculating planar magnetron, designed to operate in pi mode at 1 GHz. The device operates with a -300-kV pulsed cathode voltage and a 0.2-T axial magnetic field, and oscillates at transverse currents exceeding 1 kA when driven by an electron beam pulselength between 0.5 and 1 mu s. Microwave pulses were measured at frequencies between 0.97-1 GHz and achieved several hundred nanoseconds in length. Mode competition was observed between the pi and 5 pi/6 modes. C1 [Franzi, Matthew A.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Chalenski, David A.; Simon, David; Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Luginsland, John] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Franzi, MA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Simon, David/L-8446-2016 OI Simon, David/0000-0001-8666-995X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0104]; Air Force Research Laboratory; L-3 Communications Electron Devices FX Manuscript received October 3, 2012; revised December 17, 2012; accepted January 4, 2013. Date of publication March 7, 2013; date of current version April 6, 2013. This work supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-10-1-0104, by the Air Force Research Laboratory, and by L-3 Communications Electron Devices. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 SI SI BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2242493 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 130MK UT WOS:000317921400002 ER PT J AU Sweeney, LM Prues, SL Reboulet, JE AF Sweeney, Lisa M. Prues, Susan L. Reboulet, James E. TI Subacute effects of inhaled Jet Fuel-A (Jet A) on airway and immune function in female rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2 week; bronchoalveolar lavage; immunotoxicity; inhalation; Jet A; Jet fuel; lung injury; nasal lavage; rats; vapor and aerosol ID INHALATION EXPOSURE; DERMAL APPLICATION; JP-8; IMMUNOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; SYSTEM; VAPOR; SUPPRESSION; AEROSOL; MODELS AB Two studies were conducted to assess the potential airway and immune effects following subacute (14 d) exposure of female rats to 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/m(3) of Jet-A for 4 h/d. The first study used Sprague-Dawley rats; the second study included both Fischer 344 (F344) and Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first study, exposure to 2000 mg/m(3) jet fuel may have caused significant upper airway inflammation on day 7 post-exposure, as indicated by elevated protein and lactate dehydrogenase in nasal lavage fluid, but any inflammation resolved by day 14 post-exposure. No significant impact on immune cell populations in the spleens was observed. The histological examination showed no evidence of infectious or toxic effect. In the second study, body weights of the F344 rats in the 2000 mg/m(3) group were depressed, as compared to the controls, at the end of the exposure. Some lung lavage fluid markers were increased at 24 h after the final exposure, however, no test article-induced histological changes were observed in the lungs, nasal cavities, or any other tissue of any of the jet fuel exposed animals. Overall, these studies demonstrated limited evidence of effects of 14 d of exposure to Jet A on the airways, immune system, or any other organ or system of female Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats, with no remarkable differences between strains. The lack of identified significant airway or immune effects was in contrast to previous examinations of jet fuel for pulmonary toxicity in mice and rats and for immunotoxicity in mice. C1 [Sweeney, Lisa M.] USAF, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Unit Dayton NAMRU D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Prues, Susan L.] NAMRU D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Reboulet, James E.] NAMRU D, CAMRIS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sweeney, LM (reprint author), USAF, DABT, Med Res Unit Dayton, Area B, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lisa.sweeney.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Sweeney, Lisa/K-5114-2012 OI Sweeney, Lisa/0000-0002-4672-7358 FU Defense Health Programs FX This work was supported by Defense Health Programs and conducted under Work Unit # 60769. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 25 IS 5 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.3109/08958378.2013.780191 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 131YJ UT WOS:000318034500003 PM 23614727 ER PT J AU Visbal, M Yilmaz, TO Rockwell, D AF Visbal, Miguel Yilmaz, Turgut O. Rockwell, Donald TI Three-dimensional vortex formation on a heaving low-aspect-ratio wing: Computations and experiments SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Dynamic stall; Unsteady flows; Vortices; Wing aerodynamics ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; DYNAMIC STALL; PITCHING AIRFOIL; PLUNGING AIRFOIL; FLAT-PLATE; FLOW; AERODYNAMICS; PREDICTION AB This paper addresses by means of high-resolution numerical simulations and experimental quantitative imaging the three-dimensional unsteady separation process induced by large-amplitude heaving oscillations of a low-aspect-ratio wing under low-Reynolds-number conditions. Computed results are found to be in good agreement with experimental flow visualizations and Ply measurements on selected cross-flow planes. The complex unsteady three-dimensional flow structure generated during dynamic stall of the low-aspect-ratio wing is elucidated. The process is characterized by the generation of a leading-edge vortex system which is pinned at the front corners of the plate and which exhibits intense transverse flow toward the wing centerline during its initial stages of development. This vortex detaches from the corners and evolves into an newly found arch-type structure. The legs of the arch vortex move along the surface toward the wing centerline and reconnect forming a ring-like structure which is shed as the next plunging cycle begins. Vortex breakdown, total collapse and reformation of the wing tip vortices are also observed at various stages of the heaving motion. At the relatively high value of reduced frequency considered, these basic flow elements of the complex three-dimensional dynamic stall process are found to persist over a range of Reynolds numbers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Visbal, Miguel] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yilmaz, Turgut O.; Rockwell, Donald] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Visbal, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR; DOD HPC Shared Resource Center at AFRL FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under tasks monitored by Dr. D. Smith, and by a grant of HPC time from the DOD HPC Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD APR PY 2013 VL 38 BP 58 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2012.12.005 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128XM UT WOS:000317803000005 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P Snyder, R Patil, M AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip Snyder, Richard Patil, Mayuresh TI Stability and power optimality in time-periodic flapping wing structures SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Floquet multipliers; Aeroelastic tailoring; Flexible flapping wings; Flight dynamics ID DESIGN; FLIGHT; OPTIMIZATION; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS AB This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a vehicle with two flexible flapping wings. The body dynamics and the wings' deformation are monolithically grouped into a single system of equations, with aerodynamics accounted for by a quasi-steady blade element method. A periodic shooting method is then used to locate closed orbits of this non-autonomous system, and Floquet multipliers assess the linearized stability about the nonlinear orbit. This framework is then exposed to a gradient based optimizer, in order to quantify the role of wing planform variables, wing structure variables, and kinematic actuation variables in obtaining vehicles with superior open-loop stability characteristics, and/or low-power requirements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip; Snyder, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Patil, Mayuresh] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com RI Patil, Mayuresh/E-4644-2013 OI Patil, Mayuresh/0000-0001-9601-2249 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Dr. Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr. FaribaFahroo). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD APR PY 2013 VL 38 BP 238 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2012.12.006 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128XM UT WOS:000317803000016 ER PT J AU Feng, YH Kayode, O Harper, WF AF Feng, Yinghua Kayode, Olubanke Harper, Willie F., Jr. TI Using microbial fuel cell output metrics and nonlinear modeling techniques for smart biosensing SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cells; Biosensing; Neural network algorithms; Water quality; Time series analysis ID BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN-DEMAND; ORGANIC-MATTER; TIME-SERIES; SENSOR; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRICITY AB Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising tools for water quality monitoring but the response peaks have not been characterized and the data processing methods require improvement. In this study MFC-based biosensing was integrated with two nonlinear programming methods, artificial neural networks (ANN) and time series analysis (TSA). During laboratory testing, the MFCs generated well-organized normally-distributed peaks when the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 150 mg/L or less, and multi-peak signals when the influent COD was 200 mg/L The area under the response peak correlated well with the influent COD concentration. During field testing, we observed normally-distributed and multi-peak profiles at low COD concentrations. The ANN predicted the COD concentration without error with just one layer of hidden neurons, and the TSA model predicted the temporal trends present in properly functioning MFCs and in a device that was gradually failing. This report is the first to integrate ANN and TSA with MFC-based biosensing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Feng, Yinghua; Kayode, Olubanke] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Swanson Sch Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Harper, Willie F., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harper, WF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM willie.harper@afit.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NOS4200029] FX Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant No. NA09NOS4200029). The authors thank Frank Lopez and Dr. David Klarer (Old Woman Creek National Estuary Research Reserve, Huron, OH) for technical and logistical assistance. We also thank William Barr (Ph.D. student, Arizona State University), Wenjing (Lisa) Cheng (Ph.D. student, University of Pittsburgh), Bo Niu (MS. student, University of Pittsburgh), and Christine Currie (Undergraduate student, Columbia University, New York, NY) for experimental assistance. We thank David Sanchez (Ph.D. student, University of Pittsburgh) for help with the Keithley Meter and Dr. Piervincenzo Rizzo (Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh) for advice related to ANNs. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force Institute of Technology, United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or United States government. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 449 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KH UT WOS:000317538200025 PM 23428752 ER PT J AU Berrebi, C Ostwald, J AF Berrebi, Claude Ostwald, Jordan TI Exploiting the Chaos: Terrorist Target Choice Following Natural Disasters SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM; POVERTY; MODEL; RISK AB This article explores the differences between transnational and domestic terrorism, further differentiating by private versus' government targets, to estimate the effect of exogenous catastrophic shocks on a country's level of domestic and transnational terrorism. The empirical analysis uses detailed data on terrorism, natural disasters, and other relevant controls for 176 countries from 1970-2007 to illuminate several key disparities in a postdisaster target choice of terrorists. The results indicate that natural disasters incite both transnational and domestic terrorism; however, evidence is found for dissimilar motivations between the two. While both types of terrorism increase after disasters, transnational attacks against the government increase immediately following the disaster, suggesting an impetus to exploit weakened "hard" targets during the chaos. Conversely, domestic terrorism against the government takes longer to manifest, suggesting a period of time for which the public recovers and assesses the government's response. C1 [Berrebi, Claude] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Federmann Sch Publ Policy & Govt, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Ostwald, Jordan] USAF, San Angelo, TX 76904 USA. RP Berrebi, C (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Federmann Sch Publ Policy & Govt, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM berrebi@rand.org; jostwald@gmail.com NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 4 BP 793 EP 811 DI 10.4284/0038-4038-2012.268 PG 19 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 126RW UT WOS:000317639900004 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Beck, J AF Reeves, W. K. Loftis, A. D. Beck, J. TI A New Species of Nycterophilia (Diptera: Streblidae) from the Antillean Fruit-eating Bat, Brachyphylla cavernarum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Streblidae; Nycterophilia; Saint Kitts; Brachyphylla cavernarum AB A new species of streblid (Diptera: Streblidae) bat fly in the genus Nycterophilia is described from collections made from Antillean fruit-eating bats, Brachyphylla cavernarum Gray, trapped on St. Kitts in the Caribbean. We describe morphological features that separate this new species from other Nycterophiliinae including Phalconomus puliciformis Wenzel, Nycterophilia coxata Ferris, Nycterophilia fairchildi Wenzel, Nycterophilia mormoopsis Wenzel, Nycterophilia natali Wenzel, and Nycterophilia parnelli Wenzel. C1 [Reeves, W. K.; Loftis, A. D.; Beck, J.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med PHR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med PHR, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com FU Ross University FX The authors thank the students at Ross University who assisted with the capture of these bats: Monica DeVilbiss, Thomas Hester, Maria Racioppo, Carolyn Scott, and Elizabeth Topliff. We also thank Robert Williams and Helene Lucas-Williams for allowing bat netting on their property. Funding was provided in part by an intramural research grant from Ross University. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Case Number: 88ABW-2012-3375, 13 Jun 2012. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 2 BP 114 EP 117 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124ES UT WOS:000317447200004 ER PT J AU Fino, SA AF Fino, Steven A. TI Breaking the Trance: The Perils of Technological Exuberance in the US Air Force Entering Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB A survey of U.S. Air Force air-to-air armament from World War II through Vietnam's Operation ROLLING THUNDER reveals the institution's focus on developing advanced technologies and tactics designed to thwart hordes of Soviet bombers. Challenged by nimble MiGs over Vietnam, the service was reluctant to investigate "low-tech" armament solutions. When the value of a gun in air combat was finally acknowledged, the Air Force elected to field it as part of an integrated weapons system on the F-4E. In the interim, pilots at DaNang air base cobbled together an inelegant but effective air-to-air external gun system. The episode reveals the significant potential, and fragility, of unit-initiated tactical innovation and the peril that can arise when an organization's technological exuberance obfuscates less technologically-appealing solutions. C1 [Fino, Steven A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fino, SA (reprint author), MIT, Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 625 EP 655 PG 31 WC History SC History GA 120GN UT WOS:000317158900008 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark E. TI The Zimmermann Telegram: Intelligence, Diplomacy, and America's Entry into World War I SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grotelueschen, Mark E.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 720 EP 721 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 120GN UT WOS:000317158900043 ER PT J AU Fleigel, JD Sutton, AJ AF Fleigel, Jeffrey D., III Sutton, Alan J. TI Reliable and Repeatable Centric Relation Adjustment of the Maxillary Occlusal Device SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Centric relation; leaf gauge; occlusal device; occlusal device adjustment; anterior deprogrammer; occlusal splint AB This technique article describes a quantifiable, repeatable, and reliable method for occlusal device adjustment in centric relation using a leaf gauge. In addition, specific suggestions for occlusal device design are provided to enhance patient comfort with the prosthesis in place. C1 [Fleigel, Jeffrey D., III] US AF Dent Corps Reserve, Sheppard Afb, TX USA. [Sutton, Alan J.] USAF, Dept Maxillofacial Prosthodont, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Fleigel, JD (reprint author), 7200 N MoPac Expy 215, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM jfleigelpros@gmail.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-941X J9 J PROSTHODONT JI J. Prosthodont. PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2012.00926.x PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 126MC UT WOS:000317619800014 PM 22984889 ER PT J AU Crownover, BK Bepko, JL AF Crownover, Brian K. Bepko, Jennifer L. TI Appropriate and Safe Use of Diagnostic Imaging SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; GUIDELINE; RADIATION; MANAGEMENT; RADIOLOGY; EXPOSURE AB Risks of diagnostic imaging include cancer from radiation exposure and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The increase in volume of imaging between 1980 and 2006 has led to a sixfold increase in annual per capita radiation exposure. It is predicted that 2 percent of future cancers will be caused by radiation from computed tomography (CT) exposure. Gadolinium contrast media should be avoided in patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease because of the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Appropriate use of imaging based on guidelines for specific clinical conditions can reduce these risks. Although noncontrast CT of the head is needed to rule out bleeding in patients with suspected stroke within the first three hours of symptom onset, diffusion-weighted imaging with magnetic resonance of the head and neck is superior to CT within three to 24 hours of symptom onset. Headache merits neuroimaging in special circumstances only. Sestamibi radioisotope has less radiation than thallium for myocardial perfusion imaging. Use of intravenous contrast media with abdominopelvic CT significantly increases the diagnostic accuracy for appendicitis. Cholescintigraphy has better discrimination to diagnose acute cholecystitis than CT in patients with equivocal ultrasonography results. Limited three-view intravenous urography is recommended in pregnancy to evaluate urolithiasis if initial ultrasonography findings are negative or equivocal. Given that many asymptomatic adults have abnormal findings on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, this modality generally should not be performed for nonspecific chronic low back pain in the absence of red flags. Whole body scanning is not supported by current evidence. (Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(7):494-501. Copyright (c) 2013 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Crownover, Brian K.; Bepko, Jennifer L.] AF Base Family Med Residency, Nellis Afb, NV 89191 USA. RP Crownover, BK (reprint author), AF Base Family Med Residency, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd North, Nellis Afb, NV 89191 USA. EM brian.crownover@us.af.mil NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 7 BP 494 EP 501 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 121QR UT WOS:000317259800006 PM 23547591 ER PT J AU Martinez, BC DeJong, JT Ginn, TR Montoya, BM Barkouki, TH Hunt, C Tanyu, B Major, D AF Martinez, B. C. DeJong, J. T. Ginn, T. R. Montoya, B. M. Barkouki, T. H. Hunt, C. Tanyu, B. Major, D. TI Experimental Optimization of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation for Soil Improvement SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Biomediated soil improvement; Microbially induced calcite precipitation; Ground improvement; Biosoils; Ureolytic; Ureolysis; Geophysics ID CALCITE PRECIPITATION; UREA HYDROLYSIS; TRANSPORT; SAND AB Implementation of laboratory-tested biomediated soil improvement techniques in the field depends on upscaling the primary processes and controlling their rates. Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) holds the potential for increasing the shear stiffness and reducing the hydraulic conductivity by harnessing a natural microbiological process that precipitates calcium carbonate. The study presented herein focuses on controlling MICP treatment of one-dimensional flow, half-meter-scale column experiments. Treatment was optimized by varying procedural parameters in five pairs of experiments including flow rates, flow direction, and formulations of biological and chemical amendments. Monitoring of column experiments included spatial and temporal measurements of the physical, chemical, and biological properties essential to the performance of MICP, including shear wave velocity, permeability, calcium carbonate content, aqueous calcium, aqueous ammonium, aqueous urea, and bacterial density. Relatively uniform improvement of a half-meter one-dimensional flow sand column experiment resulted in a change from a shear wave velocity of 140 m/s to an average of 600 m/s. Examination of data sets provides insight into which parameters have a first-order effect of MICP treatment uniformity and efficiency and how these parameters can be monitored and controlled. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000787. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Martinez, B. C.; Hunt, C.] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [DeJong, J. T.; Ginn, T. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Montoya, B. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Barkouki, T. H.] USAF, Special Operat Command, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. [Tanyu, B.] George Mason Univ, Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Major, D.] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. RP DeJong, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bmartinez@geosyntec.com; jdejong@ucdavis.edu; trginn@ucdavis.edu; bmmorten@ncsu.edu; thbarkouki@gmail.com; chunt@geosyntec.com; btanyu@gmu.edu; dmajor@geosyntec.com FU Geosyntec Consultants Inc.; Univ. of California; National Science Foundation [0727463, 0628782] FX Funding for the current study was provided by Geosyntec Consultants Inc., the Univ. of California Discovery Grant Program, and the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 0727463 and 0628782). The assistance of Dr. Nelson in developing and refining the microbiological procedures is especially appreciated. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the writer(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 57 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD APR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 4 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000787 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 118YG UT WOS:000317062600007 ER PT J AU Engelhardt, KE Starnes, S Hanseman, D Guitron, J AF Engelhardt, K. E. Starnes, S. Hanseman, D. Guitron, J. TI Epidural versus Subpleural Analgesia for Pulmonary Resections: A Comparison of Morbidities. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 03-05, 2013 CL Grapevine, TX SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 [Engelhardt, K. E.; Starnes, S.; Guitron, J.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Thorac Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Starnes, S.; Guitron, J.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Hanseman, D.] USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hanseman, D.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 61 SU 1 SI SI BP S229 EP S230 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 120QW UT WOS:000317187600661 ER PT J AU Mackman, TJ Allen, CB Ghoreyshi, M Badcock, KJ AF Mackman, T. J. Allen, C. B. Ghoreyshi, M. Badcock, K. J. TI Comparison of Adaptive Sampling Methods for Generation of Surrogate Aerodynamic Models SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th AIAA American Aerospace Sciences Meeting / New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID DESIGN; INTERPOLATION; OPTIMIZATION; SURFACES AB A surrogate modeling strategy, using effective interpolation and sampling methods, facilitates a reduction in the number of computational fluid dynamics simulations required to construct an aerodynamic model to a specified accuracy. In this paper, two adaptive sampling strategies are compared for generating surrogate models, based on Kriging and radial basis function interpolation, respectively. The relationships between the two model formulations are discussed, and three test cases are considered, including analytic functions and recovery of aerodynamic coefficients for two example applications: longitudinal flight mechanics analysis for the DLR-F12 aircraft and structural loads analysis of an RAE2822 airfoil. For the airfoil example, models of C-L, C-D, and C-M were constructed with the two sampling strategies using Euler/boundary-layer-coupled computational fluid dynamics and a three-dimensional flight envelope of incidence, Mach, and Reynolds number. The two sampling approaches direct some samples toward exploration of the domain by minimizing model uncertainty and some toward refinement of local nonlinearities, by adapting to model curvature or extrema. The results provide some evidence that, for certain functions, in certain scenarios, each update scheme could be useful. Both methods were at least better than traditional space-filling sampling for all the test cases presented. C1 [Mackman, T. J.; Allen, C. B.] Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Ghoreyshi, M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Badcock, K. J.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RP Mackman, TJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.2514/1.J051607 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 115QP UT WOS:000316827300004 ER PT J AU Swindeman, MJ Iarve, EV Brockman, RA Mollenhauer, DH Hallett, SR AF Swindeman, Michael J. Iarve, Endel V. Brockman, Robert A. Mollenhauer, David H. Hallett, Stephen R. TI Strength Prediction in Open Hole Composite Laminates by Using Discrete Damage Modeling SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference / 19th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference CY APR 04-07, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; NOTCHED COMPOSITES; MATRIX-CRACKING; FAILURE; DELAMINATION; MECHANISMS AB The present paper addresses the issue of direct simulation of complex local failure patterns in laminated composites. A model capable of the discrete modeling of matrix cracking, delamination, and the interaction of these two damage modes is proposed. The analytical technique develops the regularized extended finite element method for the simulation of matrix crack initiation and propagation at initially unknown locations, as well as a cohesive interface model for delamination. The regularized extended finite element method preserves the Gaussian integration schema in each element regardless of the enrichment required to model cracking and is capable of representing the complex kinematics of crack networks in composite laminates. The technique uses independently measured standard ply-level mechanical properties of the unidirectional composite (stiffness, strength, fracture toughness). Failure simulations of composites containing open holes are presented. Although the process of crack initiation is impossible to capture precisely due to local material variations the proposed method exhibits excellent agreement with experimental data for matrix and delamination crack growth in quasi-isotropic open hole graphite-epoxy composites with thick plies, where the composite fails in the delamination failure mode. C1 [Swindeman, Michael J.; Iarve, Endel V.; Brockman, Robert A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mollenhauer, David H.] USAF, Res Lab, Composites & Hybrids Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hallett, Stephen R.] Univ Bristol, Adv Composites Ctr Innovat & Sci, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Swindeman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011 OI Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 936 EP 945 DI 10.2514/1.J051773 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 115QP UT WOS:000316827300015 ER PT J AU Miller, SC Baktash, SH Webb, TS Whitehead, CR Maynard, C Wells, TS Otte, CN Gore, RK AF Miller, Shannon C. Baktash, Suzanne H. Webb, Timothy S. Whitehead, Casserly R. Maynard, Charles Wells, Timothy S. Otte, Clifford N. Gore, Russel K. TI Risk for Addiction-Related Disorders Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Large Cohort of Active-Duty US Airmen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-USE; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; HEAD-INJURY; DRUG-USE; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION; IRAQ; POPULATION; PATTERNS; CARE AB Objective: Military personnel are at increased risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) from combat and noncombat exposures. The sequelae of moderate to severe TBI are well described, but little is known regarding long-term performance decrements associated with mild TBI. Furthermore, while alcohol and drug use are well known to increase risk for TBI, little is known regarding the reverse pattern. The authors sought to assess possible associations between mild TBI and addiction-related disorders in active-duty U.S. military personnel. Method: A historical prospective study was conducted using electronically recorded demographic, medical, and military data for more than a half million active-duty U.S. Air Force service members. Cases were identified by ICD-9-CM codes considered by an expert panel to be indicative of mild TBI. Outcomes included ICD-9-CM diagnoses of selected addiction-related disorders. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to calculate hazard ratios while controlling for varying lengths of follow-up and potential confounding variables. Results: Airmen with mild TBI were at increased risk for certain addiction-related disorders compared with a similarly injured non-mild TBI comparison group. Hazards for alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, and nondependent abuse of drugs or alcohol were significantly elevated, with a consistent decrease over time. Conclusions: A novel finding of this study was the initial increased risk for addiction-related disorders that decreased with time, thus eroding war fighter performance in a military population. Moreover, these results suggest that mild TBI is distinguished from moderate to severe TBI in terms of timing of the risk, indicating that there is a need for screening and prevention of addiction-related disorders in mild TBI. Screening may be warranted in military troops as well as civilians at both short- and long-term milestones following mild TBI. (Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170:383-390) C1 [Whitehead, Casserly R.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Ctr Treatment Res & Educ Addict Disorders, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. USAF, Res Lab, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, AFMC Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Infoscitex Corp, Waltham, MA USA. VA Puget Sound, Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Whitehead, CR (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM casserly.whitehead.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Maynard, Charles/N-3906-2015; Gore, Russell/N-8988-2016 OI Maynard, Charles/0000-0002-1644-7814; Gore, Russell/0000-0002-8012-1579 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 170 IS 4 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010126 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 117AW UT WOS:000316925500008 PM 23429886 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JH Fischbach, E Javorsek, D Lee, RH Sturrock, PA AF Jenkins, J. H. Fischbach, E. Javorsek, D., II Lee, R. H. Sturrock, P. A. TI Concerning the time dependence of the decay rate of (CS)-C-137 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Radioactivity; Beta decay; Sun; Neutrinos ID NUCLEAR-DATA SHEETS; POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR INFLUENCE; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA; BETA-DECAY; PERTURBATION; COUNTER AB The decay rates of eight nuclides (Kr-85, Sr-90, Ag-108, Ba-133, Cs-137, Eu-152, Eu-154, and Ra-226) were monitored by the standards group at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany, over the time frame June 1999 to November 2008. We find that the PTB measurements of the decay rate of Cs-137 show no evidence of an annual oscillation, in agreement with the recent report by Bellotti et al. However, power spectrum analysis of PTB measurements of a Ba-133 standard, measured in the same detector system, does show such evidence. This result is consistent with our finding that different nuclides have different sensitivities to whatever external influences are responsible for the observed periodic variations. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.; Fischbach, E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Javorsek, D., II] AF Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lee, R. H.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jenkins, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jere@purdue.edu OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD APR PY 2013 VL 74 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.12.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 117UK UT WOS:000316978400010 PM 23353092 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Roy, AK Wheeler, R Varshney, V Du, F Dai, LM AF Ganguli, Sabyasachi Roy, Ajit K. Wheeler, Robert Varshney, Vikas Du, Feng Dai, Liming TI Superior thermal interface via vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown on graphite foils SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARCHITECTURES; ARRAYS; FILMS AB In an attempt to study the thermal transport at the interface between nanotubes and graphene, vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on graphite thin film substrates. A systematic cross-sectional probing of the materials' morphology of the interface by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that an excellent bond existed between the nanotubes and the substrate along some fraction of interface. Imaging and electron diffraction analyses performed at the boundary reveal a polycrystalline interfacial structure. Compositional probing along the interface by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed that there were no catalyst particles or other impurities present. The estimated interfacial thermal resistance of lower than 5-7.5 (mm(2) K)/W suggests that this type of CNT/graphite interface could open up multiple routes toward the designing and development of advanced thermal interface materials for aerospace and nano-/microelectronics applications. C1 [Ganguli, Sabyasachi; Roy, Ajit K.; Varshney, Vikas] USAF, Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wheeler, Robert] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Du, Feng; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Ganguli, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM sabyasachi.ganguli@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-05-5052]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Task 2302BR7P] FX S.G. acknowledges support through U.S. Air Force Contract No. FA8650-05-5052. Authors also acknowledge additional support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Task 2302BR7P, Program manager: Dr. Byung-Lip Lee). NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 35 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 7 BP 933 EP 939 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.401 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116XR UT WOS:000316917100005 ER PT J AU Stanford, MS Benson, LC Alluri, P Martin, WD Klotz, LE Ogle, JH Kaye, N Sarasua, W Schiff, S AF Stanford, M. Scott Benson, Lisa C. Alluri, Priyanka Martin, William D. Klotz, Leidy E. Ogle, Jennifer H. Kaye, Nigel Sarasua, Wayne Schiff, Scott TI Evaluating Student and Faculty Outcomes for a Real-World Capstone Project with Sustainability Considerations SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Capstone; Sustainability; Real-world project; Critical thinking; Integrative thinking; Student workload; Faculty workload; Jigsaw team; Community-based project; Undergraduate engineering education ID ENGINEERING-EDUCATION; DESIGN EXPERIENCE; AGREEMENT AB The purpose of this study was to determine how a real-world, sustainability-focused engineering capstone course affected students' critical thinking skills, student knowledge of sustainability, and student and faculty workloads. The research also investigated the effectiveness of a classwide jigsaw team approach. A combination of qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, including surveys, journals, interviews, and timecards, was employed to investigate the research questions. Results revealed that a real-world project with a focus on sustainability positively impacted students' critical thinking skills and led to increased knowledge of sustainability, but it also correlated with a high workload for students and faculty. Additionally, the jigsaw organization structure proved successful and yielded a positive team-building experience for the students. These results suggest open-ended problems with real project constraints can yield a uniquely beneficial learning experience without sacrificing the quality of student design or project deliverables. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000141. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Stanford, M. Scott] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. [Benson, Lisa C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Engn & Sci Educ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Alluri, Priyanka] Florida Int Univ, Lehman Ctr Transportat Res, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Martin, William D.; Klotz, Leidy E.; Ogle, Jennifer H.; Kaye, Nigel; Sarasua, Wayne; Schiff, Scott] Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Stanford, MS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.stanford@usafa.edu; lbenson@clemson.edu; palluri@fiu.edu; wmartin@g.clemson.edu; leidyk@clemson.edu; ogle@clemson.edu; nbkaye@clemson.edu; sarasua@clemson.edu; schiffs@clemson.edu OI Kaye, Nigel/0000-0001-7190-7791 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD APR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000141 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 113WN UT WOS:000316700200006 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Johnson, CM Oldham, W Jerome, S Tandon, L Schaaff, T Jones, R Mackney, D MacKill, P Palmer, B Smith, D LaMont, S Griggs, J AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Johnson, C. Martin, Jr. Oldham, Warren Jerome, Simon Tandon, Lav Schaaff, Thomas Jones, Robert Mackney, Daniel MacKill, Pam Palmer, Brett Smith, Donna LaMont, Stephen Griggs, John TI The urgent requirement for new radioanalytical certified reference materials for nuclear safeguards, forensics, and consequence management SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reference materials; Metrology; Nuclear; Safeguards; Post-detonation; Detecting technologies; Consequence management AB A multi-agency workshop was held from 25 to 27 August 2009, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to identify and prioritize the development of radioanalytical Certified Reference Materials (CRMs, generally provided by National Metrology Institutes; Standard Reference Materials, a CRM issued by NIST) for field and laboratory nuclear measurement methods to be used to assess the consequences of a domestic or international nuclear event. Without these CRMs, policy makers concerned with detecting proliferation and trafficking of nuclear materials, attribution and retribution following a nuclear event, and public health consequences of a nuclear event would have difficulty making decisions based on analytical data that would stand up to scientific, public, and judicial scrutiny. The workshop concentrated on three areas: post-incident Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) nuclear forensics, safeguard materials characterization, and consequence management for an IND or a Radiological Dispersion Device detonation scenario. The workshop identified specific CRM requirements to fulfill the needs for these three measurement communities. Of highest priority are: (1) isotope dilution mass spectrometry standards, specifically U-233, Np-236g, Pu-244, and Am-243, used for quantitative analysis of the respective elements that are in critically short supply and in urgent need of replenishment and certification; (2) CRMs that are urgently needed for post-detonation debris analysis of actinides and fission fragments, and (3) CRMs used for destructive and nondestructive analyses for safeguards measurements, and radioisotopes of interest in environmental matrices. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, C. Martin, Jr.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. [Oldham, Warren; Tandon, Lav; Smith, Donna; LaMont, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jerome, Simon] Natl Phys Lab, London, England. [Schaaff, Thomas] Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mackney, Daniel; Griggs, John] US EPA, NAREL, Montgomery, AL USA. [MacKill, Pam] US FDA, WEAC, Winchester, MA USA. [Palmer, Brett] Navarro Res & Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov OI Oldham, Warren/0000-0002-0997-2653 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 296 IS 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10967-012-1972-y PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 112CM UT WOS:000316569600003 ER PT J AU Perry, MB Mercado, GR Simpson, JR AF Perry, Marcus B. Mercado, Gary R. Simpson, James R. TI On the Analysis of Balanced Two-Level Factorial Whole-Plot Saturated Split-Plot Designs SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; limited resources; randomization restrictions; split-plot design ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; INFERENCE; VARIANCE AB This paper considers an experimentation strategy when resource constraints permit only a single design replicate per time interval and one or more design variables are hard to change. The experimental designs considered are two-level full-factorial or fractional-factorial designs run as balanced split plots. These designs are common in practice and appropriate for fitting a main-effects-plus-interactions model, while minimizing the number of times the whole-plot treatment combination is changed. Depending on the postulated model, single replicates of these designs can result in the inability to estimate error at the whole-plot level, suggesting that formal statistical hypothesis testing on the whole-plot effects is not possible. We refer to these designs as balanced two-level whole-plot saturated split-plot designs. In this paper, we show that, for these designs, it is appropriate to use ordinary least squares to analyze the subplot factor effects at the intermittent' stage of the experiments (i.e., after a single design replicate is run); however, formal inference on the whole-plot effects may or may not be possible at this point. We exploit the sensitivity of ordinary least squares in detecting whole-plot effects in a split-plot design and propose a data-based strategy for determining whether to run an additional replicate following the intermittent analysis or whether to simply reduce the model at the whole-plot level to facilitate testing. The performance of the proposed strategy is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The method is then illustrated using wind tunnel test data obtained from a NASCAR Winston Cup Chevrolet Monte Carlo stock car. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Perry, Marcus B.; Mercado, Gary R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Informat Syst Stat & Management Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Simpson, James R.] USAF, Grp OA, Test Management Grp 53, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Perry, MB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Informat Syst Stat & Management Sci, 300 Alston Hall,Box 870226, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM mperry@cba.ua.edu FU Summer Excellence in Research Program (SEiRP) at The University of Alabama's Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration FX Marcus B. Perry and Gary R. Mercado acknowledge the support through the Summer Excellence in Research Program (SEiRP) at The University of Alabama's Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 327 EP 343 DI 10.1002/qre.1384 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 112YX UT WOS:000316632600004 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Eyink, KG AF Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Haugan, Heather J. Brown, Gail J. Eyink, Kurt G. TI Quantitative analysis of interfacial strain in InAs/GaSb superlattices by aberration-corrected HRTEM and HAADF-STEM SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science (FEMMS) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL Rohnert Park, CA SP Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hysitron Inc, FEI Co, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Gatan, JEOL DE Strain Mapping; High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); Interfaces; InAs/GaSb; superlattices ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES; QUANTUM-WELLS; IMAGES; SEGREGATION; DETECTORS; GROWTH; LASERS; HREM AB The strain distribution across interfaces in InAs/GaSb superlattices grown on (100)-GaSb substrates is investigated by aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy. Atomic resolution images of interfaces were obtained by conventional high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), using the negative spherical-aberration imaging mode, and by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), using the high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging mode. The local atomic displacements across interfaces were determined from these images using the peak pair algorithm, from which strain maps were calculated with respect to a reference lattice extracted from the GaSb substrate region. Both techniques yield consistent results, which reveal that the InAs-on-GaSb interface is nearly strain balanced, whereas the GaSb-on-InAs interface is in tensile strain, indicating that the prevalent bond type at this interface is Ga-As. In addition, the GaSb layers in the superlattice are compressively strained indicating the incorporation of In into these layers. Further analysis of the HAADF-STEM images indicates an estimated 4% In content in the GaSb layers and that the GaSb-on-InAs interface contributes to about 27% of the overall superlattice strain. The strain measurements in the InAs layers are in good agreement with the theoretical values determined from elastic constants. Furthermore, the overall superlattice strain determined from this analysis is also in good agreement with the measurements determined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Haugan, Heather J.; Brown, Gail J.; Eyink, Kurt G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Krishnamurthy.Mahalingam.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD APR PY 2013 VL 127 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.09.005 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 113IF UT WOS:000316659100011 PM 23298538 ER PT J AU Kramb, RC Ward, LT Jensen, KE Vaia, RA Miracle, DB AF Kramb, R. C. Ward, L. T. Jensen, K. E. Vaia, R. A. Miracle, D. B. TI The structure of Cu-Zr glasses using a colloidal proxy system SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Metallic glasses; Colloidal glasses; Amorphous materials; Glass structure ID METALLIC GLASSES; ALLOYS AB We present a novel experimental technique for studying the structure of metallic glasses (specifically Cu-Zr) through a proxy system of charged colloidal particles. A dense suspension of two types of colloidal particles that match the relative size ratio and approximate the attractive interaction of Cu and Zr atoms is created. Confocal microscopy images are analyzed to find the location of tens of thousands of particles at each composition studied. The particle locations are used to determine the packing fraction, partial radial distribution functions and partial coordination numbers of each component as well as the shape of clusters (central atom and first shell neighbors) that form. These results are compared to experimental and simulation literature on Cu-Zr systems, with good agreement found among all structural properties. (c) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kramb, R. C.; Vaia, R. A.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kramb, R. C.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ward, L. T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jensen, K. E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kramb, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.kramb.ctr@wpafb.af.mil OI Ward, Logan/0000-0002-1323-5939 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council, Washington, DC [F49620-02-C-0015] FX The authors thank Tom Kodger for discussions on particle synthesis, surface charge and solvent choice. We also thank David Weitz and Frans Spaepen for discussion and access to their resources. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and under on-site Contract No. F49620-02-C-0015 conducted through the National Research Council, Washington, DC. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2013 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2025 EP 2032 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.12.022 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 107SP UT WOS:000316241400019 ER PT J AU Patterson, RE Pierce, BJ Boydstun, AS Ramsey, LM Shannan, J Tripp, L Bell, H AF Patterson, Robert Earl Pierce, Byron J. Boydstun, Alan S. Ramsey, Lisa M. Shannan, Jodi Tripp, Lisa Bell, Herb TI Training Intuitive Decision Making in a Simulated Real-World Environment SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE intuitive decision making; pattern recognition; implicit learning; artificial grammar learning; immersive environment ID IMPLICIT; MEMORY; SYSTEMS; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; COGNITION; GRAMMARS; ACCOUNTS; BRAIN AB Objective: We investigated whether naturalistic, intuitive (pattern recognition-based) decision making can be developed via implicit statistical learning in a simulated real-world environment. Background: To our knowledge, no definitive studies have actually shown that implicit learning plays a causal role in the development of intuitive decision making when the latter is defined as pattern recognition of real-world, or simulated real-world, environmental situations. Method: The simulated environment was presented dynamically so as to induce a sense of simulated locomotion through the scene and over sequences of objects on the ground. During training, participants passively viewed the objects sequences; during test, participants made intuitive decisions about related or unrelated sequences. Results: Intuitive decision making can be developed via implicit learning. Articulatory suppression, which affects working memory, exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the training of intuitive decision making. Intuitive decision making trained in the simulated environment fully transferred to a flat display (but not vice versa). Conclusion: Intuitive decision making is developed by an implicit learning process that is engaged by the meaning inherent in naturalistic scenes. Application: Implicit learning can be used for training intuitive decision making. C1 [Patterson, Robert Earl] USAF, Res Lab, Human Analyst Augmentat Branch, Human Ctr ISR Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pierce, Byron J.] Renaissance Sci Corp, Training Syst Anal, Chandler, AZ USA. [Boydstun, Alan S.; Ramsey, Lisa M.; Shannan, Jodi] L3 Commun, Mesa, AZ USA. [Tripp, Lisa; Bell, Herb] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Patterson, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RHA-711 HPW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.Patterson@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-05-D6502]; AFOSR [11RH08COR] FX This work was supported by U.S. Air Force Contract FA8650-05-D6502, Task Order 0037, to Link Simulation and Training, L3 Communications. This research was also supported by AFOSR grant # 11RH08COR. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. government. This article has been cleared for public release. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2013 VL 55 IS 2 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1177/0018720812454432 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 112YY UT WOS:000316632700008 PM 23691829 ER PT J AU De, S Gupta, K Stanley, RJ Ghasr, MT Zoughi, R Doering, K Van Aken, DC Steffes, G O'Keefe, M Palmer, DD AF De, Soumya Gupta, Kapil Stanley, R. Joe Ghasr, Mohammad T. Zoughi, Reza Doering, Kenneth Van Aken, David C. Steffes, Gary O'Keefe, Matt Palmer, Donald D., Jr. TI A Comprehensive Multi-Modal NDE Data Fusion Approach for Failure Assessment in Aircraft Lap-Joint Mimics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Eddy Current (EC); ultrasound; microwave; millimeter wave (MW); structural health monitoring; structural analysis; fatigue; image analysis; multi-modal data fusion; non-destructive evaluation (NDE) ID EDDY-CURRENT DATA; CORROSION; PAINT; MICROWAVE AB Multi-modal data fusion techniques are commonly used to enhance decision-making processes. In previous research, a comprehensive structural analysis process was developed for quantizing and evaluating characteristics of defects in aircraft lap-joint mimics using eddy current (EC) nondestructive evaluation (NDE) data collected for structural health monitoring. In this research, a comprehensive multi-modal structural analysis process is presented that includes intra-and inter-modal NDE data fusion based on EC, millimeter wave (MW), and ultrasonic (UT) data obtained from five lap-joint mimic test panels. The process includes defect detection, defect characterization, and finite-element modeling-based simulated fatigue loading for structural analysis. The multi-modal structural analysis process is evaluated using four test panels with corroded patches at different layers of the lap joints and one painted pristine panel used as a reference. The test panels are subjected to two rounds of mechanical loading, preceded by multi-modal NDE data obtained before each round. Different NDE modality combinations are examined for test panel modeling, including: 1) EC, 2) UT, 3) MW, 4) EC and UT, 5) EC and MW, and 6) EC, UT, and MW. Experiments are performed to compare the simulated fatigue loading, based on models determined from the different modality combinations, and the mechanical loading results to find susceptible-to-failure areas in the test panels. Experimental results showed that the EC and UT modality combination yielded a correct vulnerable (crack) location recognition rate of 98.8%, an improvement of 14.7% over any individual modality, demonstrating the potential for multi-modal data fusion for characterizing corrosion and defects. C1 [De, Soumya; Stanley, R. Joe; Ghasr, Mohammad T.; Zoughi, Reza] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol S&T, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Gupta, Kapil] Coherix Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Doering, Kenneth; Van Aken, David C.; O'Keefe, Matt] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol S&T, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Steffes, Gary] USAF, Res Lab AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Palmer, Donald D., Jr.] Boeing Co, Boeing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP De, S (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol S&T, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-04-C-5704]; Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies FX Manuscript received July 10, 2012; revised December 13, 2012; accepted December 30, 2012. Date of publication February 15, 2013; date of current version March 8, 2013. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract FA8650-04-C-5704 in conjunction with the Center for Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Robert Gao. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2013 VL 62 IS 4 BP 814 EP 827 DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2240931 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 107YF UT WOS:000316256200014 ER PT J AU Stahler, AC Monahan, JL Dagher, JM Baker, JD Markopoulos, MM Iragena, DB NeJame, BM Slaughter, R Felker, D Burggraf, LW Isaac, LAC Grossie, D Gagnon, ZE Sizemore, IEP AF Stahler, Adam C. Monahan, Jennifer L. Dagher, Jessica M. Baker, Joshua D. Markopoulos, Marjorie M. Iragena, Diane B. NeJame, Britney M. Slaughter, Robert Felker, Daniel Burggraf, Larry W. Isaac, Leon A. C. Grossie, David Gagnon, Zofia E. Sizemore, Ioana E. Pavel TI Evaluating the abnormal ossification in tibiotarsi of developing chick embryos exposed to 1.0 ppm doses of platinum group metals by spectroscopic techniques SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Chick embryo tibiotarsi; Platinum group metals; Micro-Raman imaging; Micro-XRF imaging; FAAS; Histology ID MODEL SYSTEM; BONE; PALLADIUM; RHODIUM; RAMAN; SOILS; CONTAMINATION; PHOSPHATE; ROADS; DIET AB Platinum group metals (PGMs), i.e., palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh), are found at pollutant levels in the environment and are known to accumulate in plant and animal tissues. However, little is known about PGM toxicity. Our previous studies showed that chick embryos exposed to PGM concentrations of 1 mL of 5.0 ppm (LD50) and higher exhibited severe skeletal deformities. This work hypothesized that 1.0 ppm doses of PGMs will negatively impact the mineralization process in tibiotarsi. One milliliter of 1.0 ppm of Pd(II), Pt(IV), Rh(III) aqueous salt solutions and a PGM-mixture were injected into the air sac on the 7th and 14th day of incubation. Control groups with no-injection and vehicle injections were included. On the 20th day, embryos were sacrificed to analyze the PGM effects on tibiotarsi using four spectroscopic techniques. 1) Micro-Raman imaging: Hyperspectral Raman data were collected on paraffin embedded cross-sections of tibiotarsi, and processed using in-house-written MATLAB codes. Micro-Raman univariate images that were created from the v(1)(PO43-) integrated areas revealed anomalous mineral inclusions within the bone marrow for the PGM-mixture treatment. The age of the mineral crystals (v(CO32-)/v(1)(PO43-)) was statistically lower for all treatments when compared to controls (p <= 0.05). 2) FAAS: The percent calcium content of the chemically digested tibiotarsi in the Pd and Pt groups changed by -45% with respect to the no-injection control (16.1 +/- 0.2%). 3) Micro-XRF imaging: Abnormal calcium and phosphorus inclusions were found within the inner longitudinal sections of tibiotarsi for the PGM-mixture treatment. A clear increase in the mineral content was observed for the outer sections of the Pd treatment. 4) ICP-OES: PGM concentrations in tibiotarsi were undetectable (<5 ppb). The spectroscopic techniques gave corroborating results, confirmed the hypothesis, and explained the observed pathological (skeletal developmental abnormalities) and histological changes (tibiotarsus ischemia and nuclear fragmentation in chondrocytes). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stahler, Adam C.; Monahan, Jennifer L.; Dagher, Jessica M.; Baker, Joshua D.; Markopoulos, Marjorie M.; Iragena, Diane B.; Grossie, David; Sizemore, Ioana E. Pavel] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [NeJame, Britney M.; Gagnon, Zofia E.] Marist Coll, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. [Slaughter, Robert; Felker, Daniel; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Isaac, Leon A. C.] St Francis Hosp, Dept Pathol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. RP Gagnon, ZE (reprint author), Marist Coll, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 3399 North Rd, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. EM zofia.gagnon@marist.edu; ioana.pavel@wright.edu OI Felker, Daniel/0000-0002-7196-3758 FU WSU; Hudson River Foundation through the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship FX This work was supported by WSU start-up funds and the Hudson River Foundation through the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship. Joseph G. Solch's and Garrett Van Ness's assistance with the FAAS and ICP-OES measurements at WSU is highly appreciated. Joseph Conetta, Ph.D. (New York Medical College at Valhalla), Michael C. McGinnis, M.D. (Pathology Corporation of America), and undergraduate students (biology seniors at Marist College), Jason Wickman and Anne Quach Chau, are highly acknowledged for their help with the analysis of the chondrocyte cell development. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 IS 2 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2012.12.051 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 101GR UT WOS:000315763700013 PM 23313279 ER PT J AU Starman, LA Coutu, RA AF Starman, L. A. Coutu, R. A., Jr. TI Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy to Assess MEMS Si/SiO2 Membranes Exhibiting Negative Spring Constant Behavior SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Negative stiffness; Micro-Raman spectroscopy; Residual stress; MEMS; Hookean ID POROUS SILICON; SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; LOAD-DEFLECTION; THIN-FILMS; STRESS; SENSORS AB We introduce a novel micro-mechanical structure that exhibits two regions of stable linear positive and negative stiffness. Springs, cantilevers, beams and any other geometry that display an increasing return force that is proportional to the displacement can be considered to have a "Hookean" positive spring constant, or stiffness. Less well known is the opposite characteristic of a reducing return force for a given deflection, or negative stiffness. Unfortunately many simple negative stiffness structures exhibit unstable buckling and require additional moving components during deflection to avoid deforming out of its useful shape. In Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices, buckling caused by stress at the interface of silicon and thermally grown SiO2 causes tensile and compressive forces that will warp structures if the silicon layer is thin enough. The 1 mm(2) membrane structures presented here utilizes this effect but overcome this limitation and empirically demonstrates linearity in both regions. The Si/SiO2 membranes presented deflect similar to 17 mu m from their pre-released position. The load deflection curves produced exhibit positive linear stiffness with an inflection point holding nearly constant with a slight negative stiffness. Depositing a 0.05 mu m titanium and 0.3 mu m layer of gold on top of the Si/SiO2 membrane reduces the initial deflection to similar to 13.5 mu m. However, the load deflection curve produced illustrates both a linear positive and negative spring constant with a fairly sharp inflection point. These results are potentially useful to selectively tune the spring constant of mechanical structures used in MEMS. The structures presented are manufactured using typical micromachining techniques and can be fabricated in-situ with other MEMS devices. C1 [Starman, L. A.; Coutu, R. A., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Starman, LA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lavern.Starman@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 IS 4 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1007/s11340-012-9656-7 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 105LG UT WOS:000316070600007 ER PT J AU Kichambare, P Rodrigues, S AF Kichambare, Padmakar Rodrigues, Stanley TI Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-LiSICON Glass Ceramics as High Performance Cathodes in Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE batteries; carbon; glasses; mesoporous materials; oxygen reduction ID AIR BATTERY; LI-O-2 BATTERY; ELECTROLYTE; CHALLENGES; LI2O2 C1 [Kichambare, Padmakar; Rodrigues, Stanley] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kichambare, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Padmakar.Kichambare@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. We thank Dr. B. Kumar at the University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio, for supplying the LAGP powder for this research work. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2194-4288 EI 2194-4296 J9 ENERGY TECHNOL-GER JI Energy Technol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 1 IS 4 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.1002/ente.201200028 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA AK3SF UT WOS:000338344300001 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, JJ Hare, JP AF Hollingsworth, Jeffrey Jacob Hare, Jean Paul TI Managing Acute Suicidal Ideation in a Forward Deployed Location in Afghanistan SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hollingsworth, Jeffrey Jacob] Mental Hlth Flight, Randolph Afb, TX 78150 USA. [Hare, Jean Paul] Dept Behav Hlth, Ft Carson, CA USA. RP Hollingsworth, JJ (reprint author), Mental Hlth Flight, 359th Med Operations Squadron, Randolph Afb, TX 78150 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2013 VL 178 IS 4 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00425 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TY UT WOS:000340805100001 PM 23707815 ER PT J AU Timpone, V Schneider, BE Sherman, PM AF Timpone, Vincent Schneider, Brett E. Sherman, Paul M. TI Screening CT Angiography for Detection of Blunt Carotid and Vertebral Artery Injury in the Setting of Combat-Related Trauma SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; CEREBROVASCULAR INJURIES; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPY AB Blunt carotid and vertebral artery injury (BCVI) is a relatively rare injury reported in the civilian sector and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our study was to use an optimized computed tomography angiography protocol in the deployed setting to determine the prevalence of BCVI in a consecutive patient population having experienced recent wartime-related traumatic injuries. From July 2008 to September 2009, a total of 307 consecutive trauma patients were included in this study. At least 233 (76%) patients were known to have experienced blast-related traumatic injuries. 135 (44%) patients had injuries to the head, face, or neck. 4 patients (1.3%) sustained BCVI. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of BCVI in the deployed setting and the civilian sector. We speculate that in our study population, the relatively decreased prevalence of cervical spinal fractures (3.3%) observed may counter the theoretical increased risk of vascular injury from blast trauma, ultimately producing a similar prevalence of overall BCVI compared to civilian study populations. Based on our observations, we cannot advocate for or against more liberalized screening of BCVI in the deployed setting, and military physicians may elect to continue screening for these injuries with currently established and accepted practice guidelines developed in civilian trauma populations. C1 [Timpone, Vincent] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Div Neuroradiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Schneider, Brett E.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Neuroradiol, Travis Afb, CA 94535 USA. [Sherman, Paul M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Neuroradiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Timpone, V (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Div Neuroradiol, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2013 VL 178 IS 4 BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00108 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TY UT WOS:000340805100013 PM 23707827 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, D Morreale, BL Lee, RH Buncher, JB Jenkins, JH Fischbach, E Gruenwald, T Javorsek, D Sturrock, PA AF O'Keefe, D. Morreale, B. L. Lee, R. H. Buncher, John B. Jenkins, J. H. Fischbach, Ephraim Gruenwald, T. Javorsek, D., II Sturrock, P. A. TI Spectral content of Na-22/Ti-44 decay data: implications for a solar influence SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Astroparticle physics; Neutrinos; Nuclear reactions; Sun: particle emission ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; R-MODE OSCILLATIONS; SPACED DATA; RATES; NEUTRINO; MODULATION; SPACECRAFT AB We report a reanalysis of data on the measured decay rate ratio Na-22/Ti-44 which were originally published by Norman et al., and interpreted as supporting the conventional hypothesis that nuclear decay rates are constant and not affected by outside influences. We find upon a more detailed analysis of both the amplitude and the phase of the Norman data that they actually favor the presence of an annual variation in Na-22/Ti-44, albeit weakly. Moreover, this conclusion holds for a broad range of parameters describing the amplitude and phase of an annual sinusoidal variation in these data. The results from this and related analyses underscore the growing importance of phase considerations in understanding the possible influence of the Sun on nuclear decays. Our conclusions with respect to the phase of the Norman data are consistent with independent analyses of solar neutrino data obtained at Super-Kamiokande-I and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). C1 [O'Keefe, D.; Morreale, B. L.; Lee, R. H.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Buncher, John B.] Wittenberg Univ, Dept Phys, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.; Fischbach, Ephraim; Gruenwald, T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jenkins, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, 400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM aastex-help@aas.org; jere@purdue.edu OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 FU NSF [AST-06072572]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76ER07128] FX We are indebted to E.B. Norman and his collaborators for generously sharing with us the data analyzed in this article. The work of P.A.S. was supported in part by the NSF through Grant AST-06072572, and that of E.F. was supported in part by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76ER07128. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The material in this paper is Unclassified and approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited, reference Air Force Flight Test Center Public Affairs. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 344 IS 2 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s10509-012-1336-7 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098RP UT WOS:000315566700004 ER PT J AU Martin, BE Kabir, ME Chen, W AF Martin, B. E. Kabir, Md. E. Chen, W. TI Undrained high-pressure and high strain-rate response of dry sand under triaxial loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar; High pressure; High rate; Sand; Confinement ID PULSE SHAPING TECHNIQUES; SOFT SOILS; BEHAVIOR; BAR; TESTS AB A Kolsky bar was modified to conduct triaxial compression experiments at high rates under the same stress state as in quasi-static conventional triaxial compression tests. Using this experimental technique the triaxial compression response of Quikrete (R)# 1961 sand at dry conditions was investigated at varying levels of confining pressure, strain rate, and initial density. The results show that the response of sand has negligible dependencies on strain rate and initial density, but is highly pressure dependent. The ability to impose a triaxial stress state allows the results to form a foundation for constitutive model development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Martin, B. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kabir, Md. E.; Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Martin, BE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM bradley.martin@eglin.af.mil NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.10.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 099FM UT WOS:000315606800005 ER PT J AU Kosai, H Scofield, J McNeal, S Jordan, B Ray, B AF Kosai, Hiroyuki Scofield, James McNeal, Seana Jordan, Brett Ray, Biswajit TI Design and Performance Evaluation of a 200 degrees C Interleaved Boost Converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Coupled inductor; dc/dc converter; high temperature; interleaved boost converter (IBC); silicon carbide (SiC) ID DC-DC CONVERTER; HIGH-STEP-UP AB Recent advances in silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor technology and resulting availability of SiC Schottky rectifiers and controlled devices (bipolar junction transistors, JFETs, and MOSFETs) make it possible to design and implement power converters capable of operating at 200 degrees C. The design, prototype development, operation, and testing of a 74 kHz, 2 kW, 100 V/270V inversely coupled, interleaved, dc-dc boost converter over the 20-200 degrees C temperature range is presented in this paper. The advantages of coupled-inductor interleaved boost converters include increased efficiency, reduced size, reduced electromagnetic emission, faster transient response, and improved reliability. Optimization of a high temperature X-perm core-based coupled inductor architecture, in terms of ac flux balancing and dc flux cancellation is discussed. DC characterization of SiC power devices used in the design (Schottky rectifier and JFET) over the 20-200 degrees C temperature range is presented as well. The power stage of the converter, including the power semiconductor devices, coupled inductor, and X7R ceramic input and output filter capacitors, was placed inside a temperature controlled chamber for testing. JFET gate drive circuit, input power source, and output load were external to the environmental chamber. Converter testing and performance evaluation was accomplished over a 20-200 degrees C ambient temperature range. As expected, JFET conduction loss increased and converter efficiency decreased with increasing temperatures. The drop in converter efficiency was in the range of 2%-4% over the entire load (200W to 2 kW) and temperature (20-200 degrees C) ranges evaluated. At 200 degrees C, output voltage ripple increased by similar to 60% due to the rapid decline in X7R capacitance at the high-temperature extreme. The results obtained during this study suggest that the realization of 200 degrees C power converters is feasible through a judicious selection of power semiconductor devices, magnetic core materials, and capacitor dielectrics. As a result, high temperature, frequency, and power density converters are expected to be a reality in the near future. C1 [Kosai, Hiroyuki] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Scofield, James; McNeal, Seana; Jordan, Brett] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ray, Biswajit] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Elect Engn Technol, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. RP Kosai, H (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM hiroyuki.kosai@wpafb.af.mil; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil; seana.mcneal@wpafb.af.mil; brett.jordan@wpafb.af.mil; bray@bloomu.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 SI SI BP 1691 EP 1699 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2208124 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 086PO UT WOS:000314698300018 ER PT J AU Starkweather, AR Lyon, DE Schubert, CM AF Starkweather, Angela R. Lyon, Debra E. Schubert, Christine M. TI Pain and Inflammation in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Prior to Induction of Chemotherapy SO BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR NURSING LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; cancer pain; pain; pain interference; inflammation; C-reactive protein; cytokines; symptoms ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SYMPTOM CLUSTERS; CYTOKINE; FATIGUE; SURVIVORS; BIOMARKERS; EXPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; ARTHRITIS; SURGERY AB Context: Pain is a commonly experienced and distressing symptom in women with breast cancer (BCA), and recent evidence suggests that immune activation may be associated with pain and other co-occurring symptoms. However, no studies to date have explored the relationships among perceived pain and biomarkers of inflammation in women with early-stage BCA during the initial course of treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationships among pro-and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and the presence of pain and other symptoms (anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disorder) prior to induction of chemotherapy. Method: This was a secondary analysis of data that measured perceived symptoms, including the presence of pain and pain interference, and plasma levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in women with early-stage BCA (N = 32) at 1 month postsurgery but prior to induction of chemotherapy. Results: Women experiencing pain had significantly higher levels of CRP (p < .01), interleukin (IL) 13 (p < .02), and IL-7 (p < .02) and more pain interference (p < .01), depression (p < .01), and sleep disturbance (p < .01) compared to women reporting no pain. Conclusion: The presence of pain during the initial course of treatment in women with early-stage BCA was associated with significantly higher levels of CRP, IL-7, and IL-13, suggesting a potential role of immune activation in perceived pain. Further research to examine the precise effects of these biological factors in modulating pain is needed. Perceived pain was also associated with multiple co-occurring symptoms, and this finding has important implications for symptom management. C1 [Starkweather, Angela R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Adult Hlth & Nursing Syst, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Lyon, Debra E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Community Hlth Nursing, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Schubert, Christine M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Starkweather, AR (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Adult Hlth & Nursing Syst, 1100 E Leigh St,POB 980567, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM astarkweathe@vcu.edu FU National Cancer Institute [R21 CA] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Components of the research were supported by the National Cancer Institute through grant #R21 CA (D. Lyon, PI). NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1099-8004 J9 BIOL RES NURS JI Biol. Res. Nurs. PD APR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1177/1099800411425857 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 082BU UT WOS:000314367500014 PM 22084403 ER PT J AU Ortiz, A Kingston, D Langbort, C AF Ortiz, Andres Kingston, Derek Langbort, Cedric TI Multi-UAV Velocity and Trajectory Scheduling Strategies for Target Classification by a Single Human Operator SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Unmanned aircraft; Optimization; Trajectory planning; Task scheduling; Linear programming; Human-machine interfaces ID VEHICLES AB This work addresses the problem of enabling a single human operator to individually inspect targets for a fixed amount of time in a reconnaissance mission. The task of the operator is to classify the targets as friends or foes in real time, as they appear in video feeds from multiple UAVs. In order to account for cognitive limitations, the human is modeled as a single processing unit that can only execute one task at a time. A task is defined as a target inside the field of view of a given UAV, that needs to be inspected. Under the assumptions of this model, a linear program (LP) formulation is used to optimally find each task's arrival time and latency in the system such that the human operator can inspect each target individually for some time Delta t. Previous work by the authors investigated the idea of using UAV velocity modifications to meet the timing schedule specified by the LP solution. In this paper, the idea of UAV trajectory changes is introduced by modeling the UAVs as Dubins vehicles. Modifications to the bounds on the LP constraints are derived based on Dubins trajectories. The new bounds ensure that the LP solution returns a timing schedule achievable via maneuvers that combine velocity and trajectory changes to the UAVs' flight plans. An on-line algorithm is developed that constructs and commands these velocity and trajectory changes in real time when conflicts arise. Correctness properties of this algorithm are analyzed and discussed for mission scenarios where the location of the targets is unknown and targets are discovered by the UAVs in real time. C1 [Ortiz, Andres; Langbort, Cedric] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kingston, Derek] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ortiz, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM aortizr2@illinois.edu; Derek.Kingston@wpafb.af.mil; langbort@illinois.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 255 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10846-012-9701-x PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 058OE UT WOS:000312642600018 ER PT J AU Roslyak, O Gumbs, G Huang, DH AF Roslyak, O. Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong TI Gap-modulated doping effects on indirect exchange interaction between magnetic impurities in graphene SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A dilute distribution of magnetic impurities is assumed to be present in doped graphene. We calculate the interaction energy between two magnetic impurities which are coupled via the indirect-exchange or Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuva-Yosida (RKKY) interaction by the doped conduction electrons. The current model is a half-filled AB-lattice structure. Our calculations are based on the retarded lattice Green's function formalism in momentum-energy space which is employed in linear response theory to determine the magnetic susceptibility in coordinate space. Analytic results are obtained for gapped graphene when the magnetic impurities are placed on the A and B sublattice sites of the structure. This interaction, which is important in determining spin ordering, has been found to be significantly different for AA and BB exchange energies in doped graphene due to the existence of an energy gap and is attributed to a consequence of the local fields not being equal on the A and B sublattices. For doped graphene, the oscillations of all three RKKY interactions from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic with increasing Fermi energy is significantly modified by the energy gap both in magnitude and phase. Additionally, the AB exchange energy may be modified by the presence of a gap for undoped graphene but not for doped graphene due to the dominance of doped conduction electrons. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795624] C1 [Roslyak, O.; Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roslyak, O (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. FU AFRL [FA9453-11-01-0263]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by the Contract No. FA9453-11-01-0263 of AFRL. D.H. would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 12 AR 123702 DI 10.1063/1.4795624 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QI UT WOS:000316967800024 ER PT J AU MacIntosh, VH Tastad, KJ Eick-Cost, AA AF MacIntosh, Victor H. Tastad, Katie J. Eick-Cost, Angelia A. TI Mid-season influenza vaccine effectiveness 2011-2012: A Department of Defense Global, Laboratory-based, Influenza Surveillance System case-control study estimate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine effectiveness; Influenza; United States; Military ID MILITARY BASIC TRAINEES AB Mid-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using data from surveillance conducted by the Department of Defense Global, Laboratory-based, Influenza Surveillance Program at the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. Respiratory specimens from geographically diverse military members and dependents who sought medical care 2 October 2011-3 March 2012 were analyzed by viral culture and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; influenza viruses were typed and sequenced. Controls were influenza test-negative. Overall, vaccine type and subtype-specific VE were estimated using logistic regression. Adjusted VE (95% confidence interval) was: overall 77 (57-87)%; live attenuated vaccine (LAIV) 74 (48-87)%; trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) 75 (48-88)%. H3 component-specific VE was: overall 77 (52-89)%; LAIV 78 (47-91)%; TIV 74 (38-89)%; data were insufficient for separate H1 and B estimates. Both vaccine types showed moderate to high VE, indicating significant protection against circulating influenza strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [MacIntosh, Victor H.; Tastad, Katie J.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tastad, Katie J.; Eick-Cost, Angelia A.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Eick-Cost, Angelia A.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP MacIntosh, VH (reprint author), USAF, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Sch Aerosp Med, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Victor.MacIntosh@us.af.mil; Katie.Tastad@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland. These sponsors had no role in study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of data, in writing the report or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 31 IS 13 BP 1651 EP 1655 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.022 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 120JQ UT WOS:000317167000001 PM 23395733 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Basu, S Spencer, MF Cusumano, SJ Fiorino, ST AF Hyde, Milo W. Basu, Santasri Spencer, Mark F. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Fiorino, Steven T. TI Physical optics solution for the scattering of a partially-coherent wave from a statistically rough material surface SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS; SPATIALLY RANDOM-MEDIA; SPECKLE PATTERNS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; LIGHT; POLARIZATION; ILLUMINATION; SIMULATION; INTENSITY; FIELDS AB The scattering of a partially-coherent wave from a statistically rough material surface is investigated via derivation of the scattered field cross-spectral density function. Two forms of the cross-spectral density are derived using the physical optics approximation. The first is applicable to smooth-to-moderately rough surfaces and is a complicated expression of source and surface parameters. Physical insight is gleaned from its analytical form and presented in this work. The second form of the cross-spectral density function is applicable to very rough surfaces and is remarkably physical. Its form is discussed at length and closed-form expressions are derived for the angular spectral degree of coherence and spectral density radii. Furthermore, it is found that, under certain circumstances, the cross-spectral density function maintains a Gaussian Schell-model form. This is consistent with published results applicable only in the paraxial regime. Lastly, the closed-form cross-spectral density functions derived here are rigorously validated with scatterometer measurements and full-wave electromagnetic and physical optics simulations. Good agreement is noted between the analytical predictions and the measured and simulated results. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Basu, Santasri; Spencer, Mark F.; Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Cusumano, Salvatore J.] MZA Associates Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and AFIT. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 6 BP 6807 EP 6825 DI 10.1364/OE.21.006807 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 115ES UT WOS:000316796000018 PM 23546063 ER PT J AU Cornella, BM Gimelshein, SF Lilly, TC Ketsdever, AD AF Cornella, Barry M. Gimelshein, Sergey F. Lilly, Taylor C. Ketsdever, Andrew D. TI Narrowband coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering from gases confined by a high-intensity optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL RELAXATION AB Molecular nitrogen at 0.8 atm and 300 and 500 K and methane at 0.8 atm and 300 K were subjected to optical lattices formed by narrow-band 532-nm laser pulses with intensities on the optical axis near, but below, the gas ionization limit. A third pulse was introduced to experimentally probe the response, as a function of the lattice velocity, of the gas to the deep monochromatic potential wells formed by the lasers. Coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (CRBS) line shapes were recorded and compared to numerically predicted magnitudes of the density perturbations induced in the gas. Both experimental results and those from direct simulation Monte Carlo simulations show a deviation from previously published low-intensity CRBS line-shape models. The deviation indicates a trend, as a function of lattice velocity, similar to that relating to previously published energy and momentum transfer calculations for high-intensity lattices. Furthermore, the deviation indicates a maximum intensity at which current CRBS theory is valid. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.033825 C1 [Cornella, Barry M.; Gimelshein, Sergey F.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lilly, Taylor C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Ketsdever, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Cornella, BM (reprint author), ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center DOD Supercomputing Resource Center; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX The authors wish to recognize and thank Dr. Mikhail Shneider for his patient and beneficial discussions. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors would like to thank Dr. Mitat Birkan (AFOSR RSA) for his support of numerical efforts and Dr. Tatjana Curcic (AFOSR RSE) for her support of experimental efforts. This work was also supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center DOD Supercomputing Resource Center. This work used in part the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. OCI-1053575. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 22 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 033825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.033825 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 113IH UT WOS:000316659400008 ER PT J AU Perez, JPL McMahon, BW Schneider, S Boatz, JA Hawkins, TW McCrary, PD Beasley, PA Kelley, SP Rogers, RD Anderson, SL AF Perez, Jesus Paulo L. McMahon, Brandon W. Schneider, Stefan Boatz, Jerry A. Hawkins, Tom W. McCrary, Parker D. Beasley, Preston A. Kelley, Steven P. Rogers, Robin D. Anderson, Scott L. TI Exploring the Structure of Nitrogen-Rich Ionic Liquids and Their Binding to the Surface of Oxide-Free Boron Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; ENERGETIC SALTS; X-RAY; HYPERGOLIC FUELS; BASIS-SET; IN-VACUO; ENERGIES; SPECTROSCOPY; ANION AB The structure of two different energetic ionic liquids and the nature of their binding to elemental boron surfaces were investigated by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and first-principles theory. It was found that both 1-methyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium dicyanamide ([MAT][DCA]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([BMIM][DCA]) ionic liquids bind to boron well enough to resist removal by ultrasonic washing and to protect the boron surface from oxidation during air exposure of the washed powder. The data suggest that both the cation and the anion of the ionic liquids interact with the boron surface; however, for [MAT][DCA], the interaction of the cation appears to dominate, while for [BMIM][DCA] the interaction with the [DCA](-) anion dominates. The difference is attributed to the binding of boron to the amino group of [MAT](+), and the amino group also appears to help bind a thicker ionic liquid (IL) capping layer. C1 [Perez, Jesus Paulo L.; McMahon, Brandon W.; Anderson, Scott L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Schneider, Stefan; Boatz, Jerry A.; Hawkins, Tom W.] USAF, Propellants Branch, Rocket Prop Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate,Res Lab,AFMC AFRL RQRP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [McCrary, Parker D.; Beasley, Preston A.; Kelley, Steven P.; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [McCrary, Parker D.; Beasley, Preston A.; Kelley, Steven P.; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Anderson, SL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM anderson@chem.utah.edu OI McCrary, Parker/0000-0002-4882-0177; Rogers, Robin D./0000-0001-9843-7494 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR MURI Grant [FA9550-08-1-0400]; University of Utah Research Foundation [51003387]; W.M. Keck Foundation; M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust; Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0521]; United States Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense, Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program FX The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR MURI Grant FA9550-08-1-0400 and from the University of Utah Research Foundation (grant 51003387). We would also like to acknowledge the CAMCOR TEM facility which is supported by grants from the W.M. Keck Foundation, the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, and the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute. The AFRL group would like to acknowledge the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Engineering Research and Development Center, and Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers for the computer time granted for the theoretical work. The University of Alabama group would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant # FA9550-10-1-0521), and P.D.M. thanks the United States Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense, Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. NR 90 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 21 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 11 BP 5693 EP 5707 DI 10.1021/jp3100409 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 114WF UT WOS:000316773000021 ER PT J AU Hewitt, JD Houlahan, TJ Gallagher, JE Carroll, DL Palla, AD Verdeyen, JT Perram, GP Eden, JG AF Hewitt, J. D. Houlahan, T. J., Jr. Gallagher, J. E. Carroll, D. L. Palla, A. D. Verdeyen, J. T. Perram, G. P. Eden, J. G. TI Role of excited state photoionization in the 852.1 nm Cs laser pumped by Cs-Ar photoassociation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI LASERS; IONIZATION AB Photoionization of Cs (6p P-2(3/2)) atoms during the operation of a Cs D-2 line (852.1 nm: 6p P-2(3/2) -> 6s S-2(1/2)) laser, pumped by free -> free transitions of thermal Cs-Ar ground state pairs, has been investigated experimentally and computationally. Photoexcitation of Cs vapor/Ar mixtures through the blue satellite of the D-2 transition (peaking at 836.7 nm) selectively populates the P-2(3/2) upper laser level by the dissociation of the CsAr excited complex. Comparison of laser output energy data, for instantaneous pump powers up to 3MW, with the predictions of a numerical model sets an upper bound of 8 x 10(-26) cm(4) W-1 on the Cs (6p P-2(3/2)) two photon ionization cross-section at 836.7 nm which corresponds to a single photon cross-section of 2.4 x 10(-19) cm(2) for a peak pump intensity of 3MW cm(-2). (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796040] C1 [Hewitt, J. D.; Houlahan, T. J., Jr.; Eden, J. G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lab Opt Phys & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gallagher, J. E.; Perram, G. P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carroll, D. L.; Palla, A. D.; Verdeyen, J. T.] CU Aerosp, Champaign, IL 61802 USA. RP Hewitt, JD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lab Opt Phys & Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0048]; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) [FA9550-07-1-0575] FX The support of this work by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) under Grant Nos. FA9550-10-1-0048 and FA9550-07-1-0575, respectively, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 11 AR 111104 DI 10.1063/1.4796040 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 111TX UT WOS:000316544900004 ER PT J AU Li, YS Vecchio, NE Lu, WJ AF Li, Ying-Sing Vecchio, Nicolas E. Lu, Weijie TI Infrared and Raman spectra of (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane, its sol and xerogel SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectra; Infrared spectra; (3,3,3-Trifluopropyl)trimethoxysilane; Organomodifled silica sol; Xerogel ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENT; CORROSION PROTECTION; GEL; COPPER; CONFORMATIONS; ALUMINUM; FILMS AB Organic modified silica sot was prepared by using (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane (TFPTMS) as a precursor in ethanol solution under acidic condition. Infrared and Raman spectra were recorded for the silane coupling agent (SCA), TFPTMS sot and xerogel. Vibrational assignments have been suggested based on the spectral relative intensity, results from the vibrational study of trimethoxypropylsilane (TMPS), similar trifluorocompounds and group frequencies. Low temperature IR spectra revealed the presence of two conformers in TFPTMS. Only one conformer could be identified in the TFPTMS sot and xerogel. Thermal investigation of TFPTMS xerogel with infrared spectroscopic method indicated that the organic part remained essentially unchanged at or below 350 degrees C but decomposed at or around 450 degrees C, in agreement with the result from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). After the decomposition of the organic branch, the remaining part of the xerogel was composed of silica. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Ying-Sing; Vecchio, Nicolas E.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Lu, Weijie] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, YS (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM yingli@memphis.edu FU University of Memphis; US Air Force Research Office FX This research is partially supported by the University of Memphis and by the US Air Force Research Office. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 105 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.022 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 125NB UT WOS:000317545400030 PM 23314214 ER PT J AU Hossan, MR Dillon, R Roy, AK Dutta, P AF Hossan, Mohammad Robiul Dillon, Robert Roy, Ajit K. Dutta, Prashanta TI Modeling and simulation of dielectrophoretic particle-particle interactions and assembly SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Multiple particle interactions; Immersed boundary method; Immersed interface method; Dielectrophoresis; Particle assembly ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; CELLS; CHIP; DYNAMICS; MOTION; HEART; FLOW; LIVE AB Electric field induced particle-particle interactions and assembly are of great interest due to their useful applications in micro devices. The behavior of particles becomes more complex if multiple particles interact with each other at the same time. In this paper, we present a numerical study of two dimensional DC dielectrophoresis based particle-particle interactions and assembly for multiple particles using a hybrid immersed interface-immersed boundary method. The immersed interface method is employed to capture the physics of electrostatics in a fluid media with suspended particles. Particle interaction based dielectrophoretic forces are obtained using Maxwell's stress tensor without any boundary or volume integration. This electrostatic force distribution mimics the actual physics of the immersed particles in a fluid media. The corresponding particle response and hydrodynamic interactions are captured through the immersed boundary method by solving the transient Navier-Stokes equations. The interaction and assembly of multiple electrically similar and dissimilar particles are studied for various initial positions and orientations. Numerical results show that in a fluid media, similar particles form a chain parallel to the applied electric field, whereas dissimilar particles form a chain perpendicular to the applied electric field. Irrespective of initial position and orientation, particles first align themselves parallel or perpendicular to the electric field depending on the similarity or dissimilarity of particles. The acceleration and deceleration of particles are also observed and analyzed at different phases of the assembly process. This comprehensive study can be used to explain the multiple particle interaction and assembly phenomena observed in experiments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hossan, Mohammad Robiul; Dutta, Prashanta] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dillon, Robert] Washington State Univ, Dept Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dutta, P (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM prashanta@wsu.edu RI Dutta, Prashanta/A-1437-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [CTS 1250107] FX This work was partly supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and partly by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CTS 1250107. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 394 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.12.039 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 095HN UT WOS:000315325400079 PM 23348000 ER PT J AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Tomich, DH AF Paduano, Qing S. Weyburne, David W. Tomich, David H. TI Growth and properties of m-plane GaN on m-plane sapphire by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Defects; X-ray diffraction; Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; Nitrides ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; STACKING-FAULTS; QUANTUM-WELLS; EPITAXY; FILMS AB A characterization study of heteroepitaxial grown m-plane GaN on m-plane sapphire substrates by MOCVD was undertaken. Using X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence, the growth characteristics and epi-layer properties of m-GaN layers were investigated with special emphasis on the role of AIN buffer layers in preventing unintentional nitridation prior to GaN deposition. Substrate nitridation was found to lead to undesirable crystallographic orientations. In-plane lattice parameters of m-GaN obtained from X-ray reciprocal space mapping indicate anisotropic residual strain is present in these layers even under optimized growth conditions. Compressive and tensile strains were observed along either [0001] or [11 (2) over bar0] directions, depending on AIN buffer layer conditions and the presence of extended structural defects. In addition, extended structural defects commonly observed in GaN showed a significant effect on stacking fault related luminescence in m-GaN. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Paduano, Qing S.; Weyburne, David W.; Tomich, David H.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cpaduano@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors would like to thank Wally Rice of Wyle Laboratories for help with the luminescence measurements. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 367 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.12.028 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 093OF UT WOS:000315200500017 ER PT J AU Avrutsky, I Gibson, R Sears, J Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM Hendrickson, J AF Avrutsky, I. Gibson, R. Sears, J. Khitrova, G. Gibbs, H. M. Hendrickson, J. TI Linear systems approach to describing and classifying Fano resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; METAMATERIALS; GRATINGS AB We show that a generalized asymmetric resonant line shape derived elsewhere from rigorous electromagnetic calculations [Gallinet and Martin, Phys.Rev.B 83, 235427 (2011)] and from the two-oscillators model [Joe et al., Phys.Scr. 74. 259 (2006)] can also be obtained using a very general assumption that the spectral dependence of the scattering amplitudes is given by the transfer function of a linear system. We reformulate the line shape equation and show that in the case of a first-order transfer function all possible line shapes can be presented by a weighted sum of the original Fano and Lorentzian line shapes. We propose a new two-parameter classification scheme for asymmetric resonances with one parameter delta being the asymmetry factor of the Fano component and the other parameter eta quantifying the relative weight of the Fano and Lorentzian components of the line shape. The proposed formula is used to fit experimental spectra of a silicon photonic crystal cavity nanobeam interrogated using a fiber taper probe. C1 [Avrutsky, I.; Gibson, R.; Hendrickson, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Avrutsky, I.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Gibson, R.; Sears, J.; Khitrova, G.; Gibbs, H. M.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Avrutsky, I (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; CPHOM; NSF Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Material Research Science and Engineering Center Program DMR [1120923]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY05COR, FA9550-10-1-0003] FX I.A. acknowledges support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program and by CPHOM, NSF Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Material Research Science and Engineering Center Program DMR 1120923. J.H. would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under Contract No. 12RY05COR. The Tucson group acknowledges support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0003 (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 12 AR 125118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.125118 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 105WW UT WOS:000316104400004 ER PT J AU Liu, M Zhou, ZY Nan, TX Howe, BM Brown, GJ Sun, NX AF Liu, Ming Zhou, Ziyao Nan, Tianxiang Howe, Brandon M. Brown, Gail J. Sun, Nian X. TI Voltage Tuning of Ferromagnetic Resonance with Bistable Magnetization Switching in Energy-Efficient Magnetoelectric Composites SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE microwave; magnetoelectric couplings; multiferroic heterostructures; magnetoelectric composites ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTIFERROICS; DEVICES; FUTURE; MEMORY; BIAS C1 [Liu, Ming; Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhou, Ziyao; Nan, Tianxiang; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ming.liu.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; nian@ece.neu.edu RI Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009; Zhou, Ziyao/N-8398-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X; Zhou, Ziyao/0000-0002-2389-1673; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Nan, Tianxiang/0000-0001-6804-2029 FU AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program; NSF [0746810, 0824008] FX M.L. and Z.Z. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program and NSF under awards 0746810 and 0824008. NR 38 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 11 U2 227 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1435 EP 1439 DI 10.1002/adma.201203792 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 104PR UT WOS:000316007200009 PM 23303469 ER PT J AU Greilich, A Badescu, SC Kim, D Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Greilich, A. Badescu, S. C. Kim, D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. TI Optical Measurement and Modeling of Interactions between Two Hole Spins or Two Electron Spins in Coupled InAs Quantum Dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Two electron spins in quantum dots coupled through coherent tunneling are generally acknowledged to approximately obey Heisenberg isotropic exchange. This has not been established for two holes. Here we measure the spectra of two holes and of two electrons in two vertically stacked self-assembled InAs quantum dots using optical spectroscopy as a function of electric and magnetic fields. We find that the exchange is approximately isotropic for both systems, but that significant asymmetric contributions, arising from spin-orbit and Zeeman interactions combined with spatial asymmetries, are required to explain large anticrossings and fine-structure energy splittings in the spectra. Asymmetric contributions to the isotropic Hamiltonian for electrons are of the order of a few percent while those for holes are an order of magnitude larger. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117402 C1 [Greilich, A.; Badescu, S. C.; Kim, D.; Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greilich, A.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Badescu, S. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, D.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Greilich, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 11 AR 117402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 106VJ UT WOS:000316172500028 PM 25166576 ER PT J AU Oesch, DW Sanchez, DJ Gallegos, AL Holzman, JM Brennan, TJ Smith, JC Gibson, WJ Farrell, TC Kelly, PR AF Oesch, Denis W. Sanchez, Darryl J. Gallegos, Anita L. Holzman, Jason M. Brennan, Terry J. Smith, Julie C. Gibson, William J. Farrell, Tom C. Kelly, Patrick R. TI Creation of photonic orbital angular momentum by distributed volume turbulence SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; AGGREGATE BEHAVIOR; BRANCH-POINTS; LIGHT; SYSTEM; STATES; BEAMS AB In previous work, we presented theory of how atmospheric turbulence can impart orbital angular momentum to propagating optical waves. In this paper we provide the first experimental demonstration of the detection of orbital angular momentum from distributed volume turbulence through the identification of well-defined, turbulence-induced, optical vortex trails in Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor measurements. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Oesch, Denis W.; Gallegos, Anita L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sanchez, Darryl J.; Holzman, Jason M.; Smith, Julie C.; Gibson, William J.; Farrell, Tom C.; Kelly, Patrick R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Brennan, Terry J.] Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA USA. RP Oesch, DW (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM denis.w.oesch@saic.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We express our gratitude to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support in funding this research. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 11 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 BP 5440 EP 5455 DI 10.1364/OE.21.005440 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 105WL UT WOS:000316103300036 PM 23482115 ER PT J AU Miller, HC AF Miller, Harold C. TI A laser beam quality definition based on induced temperature rise (vol 20, pg 28819, 2012) SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Correction AB An erratum is presented to correct an error in an equation used to determine laser beam quality from power-in-the-bucket curves. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Miller, HC (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rdla.org.mbx@kirtland.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 11 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 BP 5635 EP 5635 DI 10.1364/OE.21.005635 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 105WL UT WOS:000316103300057 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Senkova, SV Miracle, DB Woodward, C AF Senkov, O. N. Senkova, S. V. Miracle, D. B. Woodward, C. TI Mechanical properties of low-density, refractory multi-principal element alloys of the Cr-Nb-Ti-V-Zr system SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Refractory alloys; Crystal structure; Microstructure; Mechanical properties ID HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS; NBCRMO0.5TA0.5TIZR ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; DESIGN AB Room temperature and elevated temperature mechanical properties of four multi-principal element alloys, NbTiVZr, NbTiV2Zr, CrNbTiZr and CrNbTiVZr, are reported. The alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting followed by hot isostatic pressing and homogenization. Disordered BCC solid solution phases are the major phases in these alloys. The Cr-containing alloys additionally contain an ordered FCC Laves phase. The NbTiVZr and NbTiV2Zr alloys showed good compressive ductility at all studied temperatures while the Cr-containing alloys showed brittle-to-ductile transition occurring somewhere between 298 and 873 K. Strong work hardening was observed in the NbTiVZr and NbTiV2Zr alloys during deformation at room temperature. The alloys had yield strengths of 1105 MPa and 918 MPa, respectively, and their strength continuously increased, exceeding 2000 MPa after similar to 40% compression strain. The CrNbTiZr and CrNbTiVZr alloys showed high yield strength (1260 MPa and 1298 MPa, respectively) but low ductility (6% and 3% compression strain) at room temperature. Strain softening and steady state flow were typical during compression deformation of these alloys at temperatures above 873 K. In these conditions, the alloys survived 50% compression strain without fracture and their yield strength continuously decreased with an increase in temperature. During deformation at 1273 K, the NbTiVZr, NbTiV2Zr, CrNbTIZr, and CrNbTiVZr alloys showed yield strengths of 58 MPa, 72 MPa, 115 MPa and 259 MPa, respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Senkova, S. V.; Miracle, D. B.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Research Laboratory Director's fund; Air Force on-site [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This work was supported through the Air Force Research Laboratory Director's fund and through the Air Force on-site contract no. FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 12 U2 122 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 10 PY 2013 VL 565 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.12.018 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 104YR UT WOS:000316033200009 ER PT J AU Choi, S Heller, E Dorsey, D Vetury, R Graham, S AF Choi, Sukwon Heller, Eric Dorsey, Donald Vetury, Ramakrishna Graham, Samuel TI Analysis of the residual stress distribution in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN THIN-FILMS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; STRAIN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SAPPHIRE; TEMPERATURE; SI(111); HETEROSTRUCTURES AB A comparative analysis of the residual stress distributions across the conductive channel of Ga-face AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is presented. Stress was measured by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and micro-photoluminescence (PL). Raman measurements probed the volume average of the stress through the GaN layer whereas the stress near the GaN surface (AlGaN/GaN heterointerface) was acquired via PL. By combining Raman, PL, and x-ray diffraction, a self-consistent method was developed to accurately determine the variation in magnitude of stress throughout the thickness of the GaN layer. Based on this framework, it is observed in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs that a depth variation in the GaN residual stress occurs near the gate and ohmic electrodes. At these regions, the stress near the AlGaN/GaN interface (or GaN surface) exhibits a tensile shift compared to the stress averaged through the entire thickness of GaN. Across the conductive channel (away from the metal pads), the bulk average stress and the stress near this interface remain nearly identical, showing little evidence of a vertical gradient. It is expected that the induced tensile strain at the drain side gate edge will have an impact on device reliability by contributing to the elastic energy built in the AlGaN barrier in addition to the inverse piezoelectric contribution at operating conditions, which may lead to formation of crystallographic defects. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794009] C1 [Choi, Sukwon; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vetury, Ramakrishna] RFMD, Def & Power Business Unit, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sgraham@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center team FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center team. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 9 AR 093510 DI 10.1063/1.4794009 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 105QJ UT WOS:000316086500020 ER PT J AU Sivapalan, ST Vella, JH Yang, TK Dalton, MJ Haley, JE Cooper, TM Urbas, AM Tan, LS Murphy, CJ AF Sivapalan, Sean T. Vella, Jarrett H. Yang, Timothy K. Dalton, Matthew J. Haley, Joy E. Cooper, Thomas M. Urbas, Augustine M. Tan, Loon-Seng Murphy, Catherine J. TI Off-Resonant Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section Enhancement of an Organic Chromophore on Gold Nanorods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUORESCENCE AB Surface-plasmon-initiated interference effects of polyelectrolyte-coated gold nano-rods on the two-photon absorption of an organic chromophore were investigated. With polyelectrolyte-bearing gold nanorods of two, four, six, and eight layers, the role of the plasmonic fields as function of distance on such effects was examined An unusual distance dependence was found: enhancements in the two-photon cross-section were at a minimum at an intermediate distance, then rose again at a further distance. The observed values of enhancement were compared to theoretical predictions using finite element analysis and showed good agreement due to constructive and destructive interference effects. C1 [Sivapalan, Sean T.; Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, Timothy K.; Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.; Dalton, Matthew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.; Dalton, Matthew J.] Wyle Aerosp Grp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Haley, Joy E.; Cooper, Thomas M.; Urbas, Augustine M.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murphy, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM murphycj@illinois.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Murphy, Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575 FU University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from the NIH National Cancer Institute Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer 'Midwest Cancer Nanotechnology Training Center' Grant [R25 CA154015A]; AFOSR Grant [FA 9550-09-1-0246] FX S.T.S. acknowledges support from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from the NIH National Cancer Institute Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer 'Midwest Cancer Nanotechnology Training Center' Grant R25 CA154015A. This work was supported by AFOSR Grant Number FA 9550-09-1-0246. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 5 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.1021/jz4000774 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 105CU UT WOS:000316044000010 PM 23687561 ER PT J AU Yang, S Brant, AT Giles, NC Halliburton, LE AF Yang, Shan Brant, A. T. Giles, N. C. Halliburton, L. E. TI Intrinsic small polarons in rutile TiO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANATASE; KINETICS; DEFECTS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify the intrinsic electron small polaron in TiO2 crystals having the rutile structure. These self-trapped electrons are produced at very low temperature with 442 nm laser light. The defects form when a Ti4+ ion at a regular lattice site traps an electron and converts to a Ti3+ (3d(1)) ion. They become thermally unstable above similar to 15 K. An activation energy of 24 meV describes this "release" of the electrons (either by a hopping motion or directly to the conduction band). The g matrix is obtained from the angular dependence of the EPR spectrum. Principal values are 1.9807, 1.9786, and 1.9563 and principal axes are along high-symmetry directions in the crystal. The unpaired electron occupies an vertical bar x(2) - y(2)> orbital where x and y are in the equatorial plane of the TiO6 unit and y is the [001] direction. These intrinsic small polarons serve as a prototype for many of the defect-associated Ti3+ ions often observed in this material. They also can be used as a computational test case to evaluate the validity of different approximations presently being employed in density-functional-theory modeling of point defects in TiO2 and other transition-metal oxides. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.125201 C1 [Yang, Shan; Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Brant, A. T.; Giles, N. C.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu RI Yang, Shan /F-5020-2012 FU National Research Council FX One of the authors (A.T.B.) acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 66 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 12 AR 125201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.125201 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 100VX UT WOS:000315733700002 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Caton, RG Parris, RT Pedersen, TR Thompson, DC Wiens, KC Groves, KM AF McNamara, L. F. Caton, R. G. Parris, R. T. Pedersen, T. R. Thompson, D. C. Wiens, K. C. Groves, K. M. TI Signatures of equatorial plasma bubbles in VHF satellite scintillations and equatorial ionograms SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; equatorial plasma bubbles ID SPREAD-F; PROPAGATION; DRIFTS; SOUTH AB Since their discovery in the 1970s, equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) have been invoked to explain the propagation of VHF signals on trans-equatorial circuits at night, and blamed for highly detrimental scintillation of VHF and GHz trans-ionospheric communications signals in equatorial regions. Over the last four decades, the properties of EPBs have been deduced by multiple techniques such as incoherent scatter radar, 630nm airglow, depletions in GPS total electron content observations, VHF and GHz scintillations, and HF observations by ionosondes. The initiation and evolution of EPBs have by now been successfully modeled and a good understanding developed of the underlying physics. However, different communities tend to concentrate on a single observing technique, without regard to whether the different techniques provide a consistent physical picture. In contrast, this paper discusses two very different types of observations made on a night-by-night basis during the COPEX campaign of late 2002 in Brazil, namely, VHF scintillations and ionograms, and shows that the two methods of observation can provide a consistent interpretation of the properties of EPBs. For example, an EPB seen as an eastward drifting scintillation event can also be seen as an extra ionogram reflection trace that moves closer to and then away from the ionosonde site. The scintillations are attributed to strong gradients across the walls of an EPB, whereas the extra ionogram traces are attributed to oblique reflection of the ionosonde signals from the walls of the EPB. C1 [McNamara, L. F.; Caton, R. G.; Parris, R. T.; Pedersen, T. R.; Thompson, D. C.; Wiens, K. C.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBXI, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Groves, K. M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBXI, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We thank Bodo Reinisch for helpful discussions. T.R.P. was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 2 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1002/rds.20025 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 150WW UT WOS:000319423200001 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Angling, MJ Elvidge, S Fridman, SV Hausman, MA Nickisch, LJ McKinnell, LA AF McNamara, Leo F. Angling, Matthew J. Elvidge, Sean Fridman, Sergey V. Hausman, Mark A. Nickisch, L. J. McKinnell, Lee-Anne TI Assimilation procedures for updating ionospheric profiles below the F2 peak SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; assimilation ID IONOGRAMS; MODELS AB This paper describes and compares two real-time assimilative ionospheric models, with an emphasis on their ability to provide accurate profiles of the electron density below the peak of the F2 layer at a midlatitude location, given automatically processed vertical incidence ionograms at a single location. The two models are specifically oriented toward several important practical applications of high-frequency (HF) radio propagation: HF communications, single station location of HF transmitters, and coordinate registration for OTHR. Both models start with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) as a background ionosphere and assimilate digisonde observations (either the ionogram or the profile) and available GPS total electron content observations. The digisonde data from one site in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) provide the ionosonde assimilation data, while the other three digisondes in the RSA provide the ground-truth observations of foF2, hmF2, and the plasma frequency profile. Since the four RSA digisondes receive each other's transmissions, maximum observed frequencies have also been used as ground truth. The models tested have both been found to provide significant improvements over the IRI and to have similar accuracies for the study interval (September 2011). The errors of the models are very close to the minimum achievable errors for all the validation parameters, which seem to be set by the ubiquitous traveling ionospheric disturbances being different at the different locations. For the optimum ground-truth location similar to 685km from the digisonde providing the assimilation data, the RMS errors in foF2 were found to be 0.2MHz (night) and 0.5MHz (day). C1 [McNamara, Leo F.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RVBXI, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Angling, Matthew J.; Elvidge, Sean] QinetiQ, Ctr RF Operat Environm, Malvern, Worcs, England. [Elvidge, Sean] Univ Birmingham, Poynting Res Inst, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Fridman, Sergey V.; Hausman, Mark A.; Nickisch, L. J.] North West Res Associates, Monterey, CA USA. [McKinnell, Lee-Anne] South African Natl Space Agcy, Hermanus, South Africa. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RVBXI, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@kirtland.af.mil OI Elvidge, Sean/0000-0003-2846-0730 FU AFRL [FA9453-11-C-0157] FX EDAM was developed as part of the UK Ministry of Defence ISTAR and Sensors Domain Research Programme. The development of GPSII is currently funded in part by AFRL under contract FA9453-11-C-0157. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 2 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1002/rds.20020 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 150WW UT WOS:000319423200007 ER PT J AU Vickers, H Kosch, MJ Sutton, E Ogawa, Y La Hoz, C AF Vickers, H. Kosch, M. J. Sutton, E. Ogawa, Y. La Hoz, C. TI Thermospheric atomic oxygen density estimates using the EISCAT Svalbard Radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; F-REGION STORMS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ACCELEROMETER DATA; STATISTICAL-MODEL; MAGNETIC STORMS; NEUTRAL DENSITY; CHAMP; SOLAR; IONOSPHERE AB Coupling between the ionized and neutral atmosphere through particle collisions allows an indirect study of the neutral atmosphere through measurements of ionospheric plasma parameters. We estimate the neutral density of the upper thermosphere above similar to 250 km with the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar (ESR) using the year-long operations of the International Polar Year from March 2007 to February 2008. The simplified momentum equation for atomic oxygen ions is used for field-aligned motion in the steady state, taking into account the opposing forces of plasma pressure gradients and gravity only. This restricts the technique to quiet geomagnetic periods, which applies to most of the International Polar Year during the recent very quiet solar minimum. The method works best in the height range similar to 300-400 km where our assumptions are satisfied. Differences between Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter and ESR estimates are found to vary with altitude, season, and magnetic disturbance, with the largest discrepancies during the winter months. A total of 9 out of 10 in situ passes by the CHAMP satellite above Svalbard at 350 km altitude agree with the ESR neutral density estimates to within the error bars of the measurements during quiet geomagnetic periods. C1 [Vickers, H.; La Hoz, C.] Univ Tromso, Inst Phys & Technol, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Sutton, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Ogawa, Y.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Phys, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. RP Vickers, H (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Inst Phys & Technol, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. EM hannah.vickers@uit.no RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016; OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189; Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 FU China (CRIRP); Finland (SA); Germany (DFG); Japan (NIPR); Japan (STEL); Norway (NFR); Sweden (VR); United Kingdom (NERC) FX EISCAT is an international association supported by research organizations in China (CRIRP), Finland (SA), Germany (DFG, until end of 2011), Japan (NIPR and STEL), Norway (NFR), Sweden (VR) and the United Kingdom (NERC). We are grateful to Truls Hansen and Magnar Johnsen at Tromso Geophysical Observatory for help with accessing and acquisition of magnetometer data used in this study, and to Bill Rideout at MIT Haystack Observatory for providing Madrigal database support. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1319 EP 1330 DI 10.1002/jgra.50169 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FP UT WOS:000318274000033 ER PT J AU Finke, C Butts, J Mills, R Grimaila, M AF Finke, Cindy Butts, Jonathan Mills, Robert Grimaila, Michael TI Enhancing the security of aircraft surveillance in the next generation air traffic control system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Air traffic control; ADS-B; NextGen; Format-preserving encryption; FFX algorithm AB The U.S. air traffic control system is reliant on legacy systems that artificially limit air traffic capacity. With the demand for air transportation increasing each year, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has introduced the Next Generation (NextGen) upgrade to modernize the air traffic control system. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), a key component of the NextGen upgrade, enables an aircraft to generate and broadcast digital messages that contain the GPS coordinates of aircraft. The incorporation of ADS-B is intended to provide enhanced accuracy and efficiency of surveillance as well as aircraft safety. The open design of the system, however, introduces some security concerns. This paper evaluates the limitations of the legacy systems currently used in air traffic control and explores the feasibility of employing format-preserving encryption, specifically the FFX algorithm, in the ADS-B environment. The ability of the algorithm to confuse and diffuse predictable message input is examined using message entropy as a metric. Based on the analysis, recommendations are provided that highlight areas which should be examined for inclusion in the ADS-B upgrade plan. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Finke, Cindy; Butts, Jonathan; Mills, Robert; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Butts, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.butts@afit.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-5482 J9 INT J CRIT INFR PROT JI Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ijcip.2013.02.001 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 141SA UT WOS:000318745600002 ER PT J AU Norris, AG Palazotto, AN Cobb, RG AF Norris, Aaron G. Palazotto, Anthony N. Cobb, Richard G. TI Experimental Structural Dynamic Characterization of the Hawkmoth (Manduca Sexta) Forewing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; AERODYNAMICS AB While many bio-inspired flapping wing micro air vehicle wing designs continue to be conceived and studied in earnest, a general consensus of which physical attributes of the biological entity are important for flight is still at-large. It is proposed herein that the eigenstructure of the wing should figure prominently among rigorous engineering metrics for guiding flapping wing micro air vehicle wing designs at the scales of large insects. With virtually no compelling work done in this area to date, the method and results of system identification tests for the forewings of a representative sample of hawkmoth (Manduca Sexta) are presented, revealing the underlying structural nature of this incredibly agile flyer's wings. Despite their inherent biological variability, these wings show very little variability in eigenstructure which may suggest it as a critical attribute for robust flight. Further supporting this hypothesis, the wings of four other insect species are briefly examined and show remarkable similarity with the hawkmoth wing's eigenstructure. C1 [Norris, Aaron G.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Norris, AG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are thankful for the support provided by Jay Anderson, Chris Zickefoose and Sean Miller of the Air Force Institute of Technology and to Mark Willis and Jennifer Avondet of the Willis Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University. Their assistance, along with the financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory and Air Force Office of Scientific Research enabled this research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.5.1.39 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137YX UT WOS:000318475700003 ER PT J AU DeLuca, AM Reeder, MF Cobb, RG AF DeLuca, Anthony M. Reeder, Mark F. Cobb, Richard G. TI An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Flap Angles for a Piezo-Driven Wing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; HAWKMOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; MICRO-AIR VEHICLES; FLYING INSECTS; INDUCED FLOW; AERODYNAMICS; ROTATION; MECHANISMS; KINEMATICS; DESIGN AB This article presents a comparison of results from six degree of freedom force and moment measurements and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data taken on the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) piezoelectrically actuated, biomimetically designed Hawkmoth, Manduca Sexta, class engineered wing, at varying amplitudes and flapping frequencies, for both trimmed and asymmetric flapping conditions to assess control moment changes. To preserve test specimen integrity, the wing was driven at a voltage amplitude 50% below the maximum necessary to achieve the maximal Hawkmoth total stroke angle. 86 degrees and 65 degrees stroke angles were achieved for the trimmed and asymmetric tests respectively. Flapping tests were performed at system structural resonance, and at +/- 10% off system resonance at a single amplitude, and PZT power consumption was calculated for each test condition. Two-dimensional PIV visualization measurements were taken transverse to the wing planform, recorded at the mid-span, for a single frequency and amplitude setting, for both trimmed and asymmetric flapping to correlate with the 6-DoF balance data. Linear velocity data was extracted from the 2-D PIV imagery at +/- 1/2 and +/- 1 chord locations above and below the wing, and the mean velocities were calculated for four separate wing phases during the flap cycle. The mean forces developed during a flap cycle were approximated using a modification of the Rankine-Froude axial actuator disk model to calculate the transport of momentum flux as a measure of vertical thrust produced during a static hover flight condition. Values of vertical force calculated from the 2-D PIV measurements were within 20% of the 6-DOF force balance experiments. Power calculations confirmed flapping at system resonance required less power than at off resonance frequencies, which is a critical finding necessary for future vehicle design considerations. C1 [DeLuca, Anthony M.; Reeder, Mark F.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeLuca, AM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.deluca@afit.edu; mark.reeder@afit.edu; richard.cobb@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Lab (AFRL/RQ) FX The authors want to acknowledge Dr. Greg Parker from the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL/RQ) for supporting the AFIT FWMAV research project. DISCLAIMER: The views expressed in this paper are the those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the Government of the United States. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 55 EP 92 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.5.1.55 PG 38 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137YX UT WOS:000318475700004 ER PT J AU Flory, J Kanel, SR Racz, L Impellitteri, CA Silva, RG Goltz, MN AF Flory, Jason Kanel, Sushil R. Racz, LeeAnn Impellitteri, Christopher A. Silva, Rendahandi G. Goltz, Mark N. TI Influence of pH on the transport of silver nanoparticles in saturated porous media: laboratory experiments and modeling SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Environmental fate and transport; Advection-dispersion model; Irreversible and reversible attachment; Groundwater contamination ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE-CHARGE; AGGREGATION; DEPOSITION; NANOMATERIALS; ATTACHMENT; NANOSILVER; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB Given the ubiquity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their potential for toxic effects on both humans and the environment, it is important to understand their environmental fate and transport. The purpose of this study is to gain information on the transport properties of commercial AgNP suspensions in a glass bead-packed column under saturated flow conditions at different solution pH levels. Commercial AgNPs were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Transport data were collected at different pH levels (4, 6.5, 9, and 11) at fixed ionic strength. Capture of AgNPs increased as the pH of the solution increased from 4 to 6.5. Further increase in pH to 9 and 11 decreased the attachment of AgNPs to the glass beads. AgNP concentration versus time breakthrough data were simulated using an advection-dispersion model incorporating both irreversible and reversible attachment. In particular, a reversible attachment model is required to simulate breakthrough curve tailing at near neutral pH, when attachment is most significant. The laboratory and modeling study reveals that for natural groundwaters, AgNP transport in porous media may be retarded due to capture; but ultimately, most of the mass may be slowly released over time. C1 [Flory, Jason; Kanel, Sushil R.; Racz, LeeAnn; Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Silva, Rendahandi G.] US EPA, Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, US EPA Test & Evaluat Facil, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. RP Kanel, SR (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sushil.kanel.ctr@afit.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu OI Kanel, Sushil/0000-0002-6805-4326; Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU Air Force Medical Support Agency's Research and Development Division (AFMSA/SGRS), Department of Defense [F1ATD41003G004] FX This research was supported by Air Force Medical Support Agency's Research and Development Division (AFMSA/SGRS), Department of Defense Funding Document No. F1ATD41003G004. Authors acknowledge Dr. Daniel Felker for training student in ICP analysis and gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance efforts of undergraduate students Nicole Jacques and Chelsea Riegel. The authors thank Barb Miller (University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH) and the NEST Laboratory, (University of Dayton, Dayton, OH) for assisting with the HRTEM analysis. This work was performed while Dr. Sushil R. Kanel was in the National Research Council Fellowship Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA, the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the USEPA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 3 AR 1484 DI 10.1007/s11051-013-1484-x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 138ZP UT WOS:000318551300029 ER PT J AU Garmann, DJ Visbal, MR Orkwis, PD AF Garmann, Daniel J. Visbal, Miguel R. Orkwis, Paul D. TI Three-dimensional flow structure and aerodynamic loading on a revolving wing SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; aerospace components; computational fluid dynamics; external flows; flow simulation; numerical analysis; vortices ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; INSECT FLIGHT; VORTEX; BUMBLEBEES; MECHANICS; EQUATIONS; ROTATION; GRIDS AB A numerical study is conducted to examine the vortex structure and aerodynamic loading on a revolving wing in quiescent flow. A high-fidelity, implicit large eddy simulation technique is employed to simulate a revolving wing configuration consisting of a single, aspect-ratio-one rectangular plate extended out a distance of half a chord from the rotational axis at a fixed angle relative to the axis. Shortly after the onset of the motion, the rotating wing generates a coherent vortex system along the leading-edge. This vortex system remains attached throughout the motion for the range of Reynolds numbers explored, despite the unsteadiness and vortex breakdown observed at higher Reynolds numbers. The average and instantaneous wing loading also increases with Reynolds number. At a fixed Reynolds number, the attachment of the leading-edge vortex is also shown to be insensitive to the geometric angle of the wing. Additionally, the flow structure and forcing generated by a purely translating wing is investigated and compared with that of the revolving wing. Similar features are present at the inception of the motion, however, the two flows evolve very differently for the remainder of the maneuver. Comparisons of the revolving wing simulations with recent experimental particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements using a new PIV-like data reduction technique applied to the computational solution show very favorable agreement. The success of the data reduction technique demonstrates the need to compare computations and experiments of differing resolutions using similar data-analysis techniques. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794753] C1 [Garmann, Daniel J.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Orkwis, Paul D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Garmann, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.Garmann@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX This work is supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr. D. Smith and also by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Shared Resource Centers at AFRL and ERDC. The authors would like to thank Dr. C. Ozen and Professor D. Rockwell of Lehigh University for providing their experimental results and details of the measurements. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 AR 034101 DI 10.1063/1.4794753 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 117KK UT WOS:000316951900024 ER PT J AU Franzi, M Gilgenbach, R Lau, YY Hoff, B Greening, G Zhang, P AF Franzi, Matthew Gilgenbach, Ronald Lau, Y. Y. Hoff, Brad Greening, Geoff Zhang, Peng TI Passive mode control in the recirculating planar magnetron SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Preliminary experiments of the recirculating planar magnetron microwave source have demonstrated that the device oscillates but is susceptible to intense mode competition due, in part, to poor coupling of RF fields between the two planar oscillators. A novel method of improving the cross-oscillator coupling has been simulated in the periodically slotted mode control cathode (MCC). The MCC, as opposed to a solid conductor, is designed to electromagnetically couple both planar oscillators by allowing for the propagation of RF fields and electrons through resonantly tuned gaps in the cathode. Using the MCC, a 12-cavity anode block with a simulated 1 GHz and 0.26 c phase velocity (where c is the speed of light) was able to achieve in-phase oscillations between the two sides of the device in as little as 30 ns. An analytic study of the modified resonant structure predicts the MCC's ability to direct the RF fields to provide tunable mode separation in the recirculating planar magnetron. The self-consistent solution is presented for both the degenerate even (in phase) and odd (180 degrees out of phase) modes that exist due to the twofold symmetry of the planar magnetrons. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794967] C1 [Franzi, Matthew; Gilgenbach, Ronald; Lau, Y. Y.; Greening, Geoff; Zhang, Peng] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Franzi, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Zhang, Peng/C-8257-2011 OI Zhang, Peng/0000-0003-0606-6855 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0104]; Air Force Research Laboratory; L-3 Communications Electron Devices FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0104, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and L-3 Communications Electron Devices. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 AR 033108 DI 10.1063/1.4794967 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 122DA UT WOS:000317295200060 ER PT J AU Basu, S Hyde, MW Cusumano, SJ Marciniak, MA Fiorino, ST AF Basu, Santasri Hyde, Milo W. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Marciniak, Michael A. Fiorino, Steven T. TI Examining the validity of using a Gaussian Schell-model source to model the scattering of a fully coherent Gaussian beam from a rough impedance surface SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Gaussian Schell-model; rough surface scattering; impedance surface; method of moments ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SIMULATION; PROPAGATION; FIELDS AB Military applications that use adaptive optics (AO) often require a point source beacon at the target to measure and correct for wavefront aberrations introduced by atmospheric turbulence. However, turbulence prevents the formation of such a point beacon. The extended beacons that are created instead have finite spatial extents and exhibit varying degrees of spatial coherence. Modeling these extended beacons using a Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) form for the autocorrelation function would be a convenient approach due to the analytical tractability of Gaussian functions. We examine the validity of using such a model by evaluating the field scattered from a rough impedance surface using a full-wave computational technique called the method of moments (MoM). The MoM improves the fidelity of the analysis since it captures all the physics of the laser-target interaction, such as masking, shadowing, multiple reflections, etc. Two rough-surface targets with different roughness statistics are analyzed. The simulation results are verified with experimental bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements. It is seen that for rough surfaces, in general, the scattered-field autocorrelation function is not of a GSM form. However, under certain conditions, modeling an extended beacon as a GSM source is legitimate. This analysis will aid in understanding the behavior of extended beacons and how they affect the overall performance of an AO system. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.038001] C1 [Basu, Santasri; Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hyde, Milo W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cusumano, Salvatore J.] MZA Associates Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM santasri.basu.ctr.in@afit.edu OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 FU appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at AFIT FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Brij Agrawal, director of the Adaptive Optics Center of Excellence for National Security at Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey for funding this research. A special thanks to Dr. Stephen Nauyoks and the graduate students at the Optical Scatter Lab at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) for providing the experimental data. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at AFIT administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and AFIT. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 AR 038001 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.038001 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134XB UT WOS:000318248000047 ER PT J AU Look, DC Leedy, KD Kiefer, A Claflin, B Itagaki, N Matsushima, K Surhariadi, I AF Look, David C. Leedy, Kevin D. Kiefer, Arnold Claflin, Bruce Itagaki, Naho Matsushima, Koichi Surhariadi, Iping TI Model for thickness dependence of mobility and concentration in highly conductive zinc oxide SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE zinc oxide; mobility; thickness dependence; Hall effect; reflectance ID ZNO MATERIALS; FILMS; PLASMONICS; DEVICES AB The dependences of the 294 and 10 K mobility mu and volume carrier concentration n on thickness (d = 25 to 147 nm) are examined in aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). Two AZO layers are grown at each thickness, one with and one without a 20-nm-thick ZnON buffer layer. Plots of the 10 K sheet concentration n(s) versus d for buffered (B) and unbuffered (UB) samples give straight lines of similar slope, n = 8.36 x 10(20) and 8.32 x 10(20) cm(-3), but different x-axis intercepts, delta d = -4 and +13 nm, respectively. Plots of n(s) versus d at 294 K produce substantially the same results. Plots of mu versus d can be well fitted with the equation mu(d) = mu(infinity)/left perpendicular1 + d*/(d -delta d)right perpendicular, where d* is the thickness for which mu(infinity) is reduced by a factor 2. For the B and UB samples, d* = 7 and 23 nm, respectively, showing the efficacy of the ZnON buffer. Finally, from n and mu(infinity) we can use degenerate electron scattering theory to calculate bulk donor and acceptor concentrations of 1.23 x 10(21) cm(-3) and 1.95 x 10(20) cm(-3), respectively, and Drude theory to predict a plasmonic resonance at 1.34 mu m. The latter is confirmed by reflectance measurements. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.033801] C1 [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] Aerosp Div, Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH USA. [Look, David C.; Leedy, Kevin D.; Kiefer, Arnold; Claflin, Bruce] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Itagaki, Naho; Matsushima, Koichi; Surhariadi, Iping] Kyushu Univ, Dept Informat Sci & Elect Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR0803276]; DOE [DE-FG02-11ER46820]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005] FX We wish to thank T. A. Cooper for the Hall-effect measurements and W. Rice for the reflectance measurements. Support for DCL was provided by AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0079 (J. Hwang), NSF Grant DMR0803276 (C. Ying), DOE Grant DE-FG02-11ER46820 (R. Kortan), and AFRL Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 (D. Tomich). NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 AR 033801 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.033801 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134XB UT WOS:000318248000015 ER PT J AU Garza, R Hill, RR Mattioda, DD AF Garza, Ricardo Hill, Raymond R. Mattioda, Daniel D. TI Using simulation to analyze the maintenance architecture for a USAF weapon system SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE discrete-event simulation; weapon systems analysis; maintenance processes; simulation-based experimental design AB The United States Air Force (USAF) is investigating the use of three levels of repair with its aircraft maintenance managerial structure. This study provides an initial look at the effect of maintenance resource collaboration among maintenance locations and the use of a centralized repair facility focusing on a critical line replacement unit for a major USAF weapon system. Maintenance data for prior year maintenance experiences are collected, fit into appropriate probability distributions and implemented in a discrete event simulation model. This model is then used within an experimental design framework to examine the potential impact of organizational changes to the USAF hierarchical maintenance structure. C1 [Garza, Ricardo] Logist Management Agcy, Montgomery, AL USA. [Hill, Raymond R.; Mattioda, Daniel D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641,Suite 201 WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ricardo.garza@us.af.mil; raymond.hill@afit.edu; daniel.mattioda@afit.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 SI SI BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1177/0037549712461382 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 135HX UT WOS:000318280300005 ER PT J AU Rathje, JM Spence, LB Cummings, ML AF Rathje, Jason M. Spence, Lee B. Cummings, Mary L. TI Human-Automation Collaboration in Occluded Trajectory Smoothing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ballistic missile defense system (BMDS); human-automation collaboration; occluded trajectories; track association ID INTERPOLATION; CONSISTENCY; PERFORMANCE AB Deciding if and what objects should be engaged in a ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) scenario involves a number of complex issues. The system is large, and the timelines may be on the order of a few minutes, which drives designers to automate these systems. The critical nature of ballistic missile defense engagement decisions however, suggests exploring a human-in-the-loop approach to allow for judgment, knowledge-based decisions, and the ability to override automation decisions. This BMDS problem is reflective of the function allocation conundrum faced in many supervisory control systems, which is how to determine which functions should be mutually exclusive and which should be collaborative between humans and automation. This paper motivates and outlines two experiments that quantitatively investigated human/automation tradeoffs in the specific domain of tracking problems. Participants in both experiments were tested in their ability to smooth trajectories in different scenarios. In the first experiment, they clearly demonstrated an ability to assist an algorithm in more difficult, shorter timeline scenarios. The second experiment combined the strengths of both human and automation in order to produce a collaborative effort. Comparison of the collaborative effort to the algorithm showed that adjusting the criterion for having human participation could significantly improve solutions. Future work should focus on further examination of appropriate criteria. C1 [Rathje, Jason M.] USAF, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Spence, Lee B.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Cummings, Mary L.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cummings, Mary L.] MIT, Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rathje, JM (reprint author), USAF, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jrathje@mit.edu; spence@ll.mit.edu; missyc@mit.edu FU MIT Lincoln Laboratory FX Manuscript received November 29, 2010; revised September 17, 2011 and July 16, 2012; accepted October 13, 2012. Date of current version February 12, 2013. This work was supported in part by MIT Lincoln Laboratory. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor M. Dorneich of the former IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans (2011 Impact Factor: 2.123). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2291 J9 IEEE T HUM-MACH SYST JI IEEE T. Hum.-Mach. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 43 IS 2 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2012.2230439 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 126TY UT WOS:000317645300001 ER PT J AU Quarrie, LO AF Quarrie, Lindsay O'Brien TI The effects of atomic rubidium vapor on the performance of optical windows in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Optical materials; Optical transmission; Alkali laser; Thin film; Alkali resistant; DPAL AB Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) suffers from damage to its optical windows due to atomic alkali exposure. DPALs are of great interest since they can combine multiple lasers to achieve higher laser output power, scalable to megawatts, with very high quantum efficiency. However before scaling to higher laser output beam power, damage to the optical windows from atomic alkali exposure in the gain medium has to be addressed. A DPAL emulator chamber was constructed for the purpose of evaluating different optical windows in a representative hot alkali rich environment typical of a DPAL gain cell. Sample optical windows of fused silica, alumina, magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride were exposed in the DPAL emulator in order to qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate and assess the damaging effects of the atomic rubidium vapor on the optical windows. Methodologies to examine the damage were developed for comparing exposed and unexposed optical windows. We found that damage to the optical windows due to the atomic rubidium can be quantified by means of changes in laser energy transmission through the optical window after rubidium exposure. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Quarrie, Lindsay O'Brien] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Quarrie, Lindsay O'Brien] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RDLC Laser CoE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Quarrie, LO (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, 801 LeRoy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM lindsay.quarrie@l-3com.com NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 35 IS 5 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2012.10.040 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 128WQ UT WOS:000317800800005 ER PT J AU Emmons, D Acebal, A Pulkkinen, A Taktakishvili, A MacNeice, P Odstrcil, D AF Emmons, D. Acebal, A. Pulkkinen, A. Taktakishvili, A. MacNeice, P. Odstrcil, D. TI Ensemble forecasting of coronal mass ejections using the WSA-ENLIL with CONED Model SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCES; SIMULATION; CMES AB The combination of the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) coronal model, ENLIL heliospherical model version 2.7, and CONED Model version 1.3 (WSA-ENLIL with CONED Model) was employed to form ensemble forecasts for 15 halo coronal mass ejections (halo CMEs). The input parameter distributions were formed from 100 sets of CME cone parameters derived from the CONED Model. The CONED Model used image processing along with the bootstrap approach to automatically calculate cone parameter distributions from SOHO/LASCO imagery based on techniques described by Pulkkinen et al. (2010). The input parameter distributions were used as input to WSA-ENLIL to calculate the temporal evolution of the CMEs, which were analyzed to determine the propagation times to the L-1 Lagrangian point and the maximum K-p indices due to the impact of the CMEs on the Earth's magnetosphere. The Newell et al. (2007) K-p index formula was employed to calculate the maximum K-p indices based on the predicted solar wind parameters near Earth assuming two magnetic field orientations: a completely southward magnetic field and a uniformly distributed clock-angle in the Newell et al. (2007) K-p index formula. The forecasts for 5 of the 15 events had accuracy such that the actual propagation time was within the ensemble average plus or minus one standard deviation. Using the completely southward magnetic field assumption, 10 of the 15 events contained the actual maximum K-p index within the range of the ensemble forecast, compared to 9 of the 15 events when using a uniformly distributed clock angle. Citation: Emmons, D., A. Acebal, A. Pulkkinen, A. Taktakishvili, P. MacNeice, and D. Odstrcil (2013), Ensemble forecasting of coronal mass ejections using the WSA-ENLIL with CONED Model, Space Weather, 11, 95-106, doi: 10.1002/swe.20019. C1 [Emmons, D.; Acebal, A.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Emmons, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Pulkkinen, A.; Taktakishvili, A.; MacNeice, P.; Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pulkkinen, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Emmons, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM emmons29@yahoo.com FU Air Force Institute of Technology; Community Coordinated Modeling Center FX This analysis was sponsored by the Air Force Institute of Technology and the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. D. Emmons was sponsored by the Air Force Institute of Technology. The authors would like to thank NOAA/SWPC's warehouse, NASA's OMNIWeb and CDAW data centers, and the CELIAS/MTOF Proton Monitor (http://umtof.umd.edu/pm/) for the use of their data. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 3 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1002/swe.20019 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JC UT WOS:000317834300003 ER PT J AU Shen, H Tan, Y Lu, J Wu, Q Qiu, QR AF Shen, Hao Tan, Ying Lu, Jun Wu, Qing Qiu, Qinru TI Achieving Autonomous Power Management Using Reinforcement Learning SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Design; Experimentation; Management; Performance; Power management; thermal management; machine learning; computer ID MULTIPROCESSOR SOCS; THERMAL MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; PREDICTION; MEMORY AB System level power management must consider the uncertainty and variability that come from the environment, the application and the hardware. A robust power management technique must be able to learn the optimal decision from past events and improve itself as the environment changes. This article presents a novel on-line power management technique based on model-free constrained reinforcement learning (Q-learning). The proposed learning algorithm requires no prior information of the workload and dynamically adapts to the environment to achieve autonomous power management. We focus on the power management of the peripheral device and the microprocessor, two of the basic components of a computer. Due to their different operating behaviors and performance considerations, these two types of devices require different designs of Q-learning agent. The article discusses system modeling and cost function construction for both types of Q-learning agent. Enhancement techniques are also proposed to speed up the convergence and better maintain the required performance (or power) constraint in a dynamic system with large variations. Compared with the existing machine learning based power management techniques, the Q-learning based power management is more flexible in adapting to different workload and hardware and provides a wider range of power-performance tradeoff. C1 [Shen, Hao; Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Tan, Ying; Lu, Jun] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Wu, Qing] USAF, Res Lab, Arlington, VA USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM shenao.ee.seu@gmail.com FU NSF [CNS-0845947] FX This work is supported in part by NSF under grant CNS-0845947. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1084-4309 EI 1557-7309 J9 ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL JI ACM Transact. Des. Automat. Electron. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 AR 24 DI 10.1145/2442087.2442095 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 123YD UT WOS:000317427700008 ER PT J AU Jirasek, A Jeans, TL Martenson, M Cummings, RM Bergeron, K AF Jirasek, Adam Jeans, Tiger L. Martenson, Matthew Cummings, Russell M. Bergeron, Keith TI Improved methodologies for the design of maneuver for stability and control simulations SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE System identification; Reduced order modeling; Non-linear aerodynamics ID DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION; IDENTIFICATION; SIGNALS AB With many modern fighter aircraft experiencing unpredicted flight dynamics during flight tests, recent research has focused on developing methodologies for incorporating computational fluid dynamics into the aircraft development process. The goal of this approach is to identify configurations susceptible to stability and control issues early in the design process. Previous research has primarily focused on full aircraft configurations, however, to increase the rate of development the current study focused on a two-dimensional NACA0012 airfoil. The two-dimensional NACA0012 airfoil has the advantage of reducing the computational cost by orders of magnitude compared to full scale aircraft simulations, while still providing complicated aerodynamics at high angles of attack. Computationally predicted lift coefficients from a number of newly developed training maneuvers were used to generate reduced order aerodynamic loads models. For evaluation, these models were compared to generated static and dynamic validation data. Methods of improving both the computational training maneuver and the reduced order modeling approach are suggested. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Jirasek, Adam; Jeans, Tiger L.; Martenson, Matthew; Cummings, Russell M.; Bergeron, Keith] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jirasek, A (reprint author), CNR, Dept Aeronaut, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM adam.jirasek@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR; United States Air Force Academy, USAFA; Modeling and Simulation Research Center; National Research Council (NRC); United States Air Force SEEK Eagle Office FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR, the United States Air Force Academy, USAFA - Modeling and Simulation Research Center, the National Research Council (NRC) and the United States Air Force SEEK Eagle Office for their generous financial support throughout this project. The Arctic Region Supercomputing Center is acknowledged for providing access to high performance computing facilities. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 203 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2012.01.008 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 124CY UT WOS:000317442600021 ER PT J AU Jelic, R Sherer, S Greendyke, R AF Jelic, Renato Sherer, Scott Greendyke, Robert TI Simulation of Various Turrets at Subsonic and Transonic Flight Conditions Using OVERFLOW SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 09-12, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP AIAA, US AF Off Sci Res ID HORSESHOE VORTEX; CYLINDER AB In this work, the flowfields associated with two canonical turret geometries, a fully exposed hemisphere on a flat plate and a 50% submerged hemisphere on a flat plate, were simulated using the OVERFLOW 2 flow solver. Both turret geometries use a flat-window aperture with an aperture ratio (ratio of the aperture diameter to the turret diameter) of 0.295 and an elevation angle of 57 deg. The forward field of regard was the particular focus in this study, and both symmetric (azimuth angle of 0 deg) and asymmetric (azimuth of 45 deg) window orientations were examined. Two flight conditions were also studied: a subsonic case with M = 0.45 and Re-D = 6.30 x 10(6) and a transonic case with M = 0.85 and Re-D = 9.53 x 10(6). The flowfield was simulated using the delayed detached-eddy simulation capability of OVERFLOW in conjunction with the spatially fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme to capture the off-body vortical structures. The impact of the turret aerodynamics on the performance of the turrets for directed energy applications is inferred through consideration of the flow features, density and pressure fluctuations, and forces on the turrets. C1 [Jelic, Renato] USAF, Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sherer, Scott] USAF, Design & Anal Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Greendyke, Robert] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jelic, R (reprint author), USAF, Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 398 EP 409 DI 10.2514/1.C031844 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 122MJ UT WOS:000317321900008 ER PT J AU Ricciardi, AP Patil, MJ Canfield, RA Lindsley, N AF Ricciardi, Anthony P. Patil, Mayuresh J. Canfield, Robert A. Lindsley, Ned TI Evaluation of Quasi-Static Gust Loads Certification Methods for High-Altitude Long-Endurance Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TWISTED ANISOTROPIC BEAMS; FLEXIBLE FLYING WINGS; FLIGHT DYNAMICS; CONFIGURATION; DESIGN AB Aeroelastic gust loads analysis can be approached using quasi-static, transient, or continuous methodologies. Pratt method is a quasi-static approach that forms the basis for Federal Aviation Regulation Part 23 gust loads certification requirements. This work evaluates the usefulness of Pratt method for unconventional high-altitude long-endurance aircraft. The derivation of Pratt method is reviewed, and all assumptions are identified. Error of a key curve fit equation is quantified directly. A state-of-the-art nonlinear aeroelastic code was upgraded and used to facilitate quantification of application-dependent errors by comparing quasi-static results to results from nonlinear transient analysis. Application-dependent errors are presented in the context of a SensorCraft-inspired joined-wing model and a Helios-aircraft-inspired flying-wing model. Recommendations are made on the usability of Pratt method for aircraft similar to the two high-altitude long-endurance models. It is concluded that Pratt method is useful for preliminary design of the joined-wing model but inadequate for the analysis of the flying-wing model. Further recommendations are made regarding the subtleties in the implementation of Pratt method for unconventional configurations. C1 [Ricciardi, Anthony P.; Patil, Mayuresh J.; Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lindsley, Ned] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MSTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ricciardi, AP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pasquale@vt.edu; mpatil@vt.edu; bob.cantield@vt.edu; ned.lindsley@wpafb.af.mil RI Patil, Mayuresh/E-4644-2013; Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Patil, Mayuresh/0000-0001-9601-2249; Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-2-3938] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-09-2-3938. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.2514/1.C031872 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 122MJ UT WOS:000317321900013 ER PT J AU Atkinson, M Poggie, J Camberos, J AF Atkinson, Michael Poggie, Jonathan Camberos, Jose TI Control of High-Angle-of-Attack Reentry Flow with Plasma Actuators SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; AERODYNAMIC CONTROL; LINE RELAXATION; DRAG REDUCTION; BLUNT-BODY; DISCHARGES; CONE AB A numerical investigation was conducted to explore the potential of magnetically accelerated surface discharges to control the flow over reentry vehicles at high angle of attack. The baseline geometry and test conditions were selected based on experiments: a 2 : 1 blunt-nosed elliptic cone with a half-angle along the major axis of 10 deg, a Mach number of 14.5, a Reynolds number based on a length of 36,000, and an angle of attack of 60 deg. A phenomenological model was developed, based on experiments and computations, to simulate the effects of magnetically accelerated surface discharges on the elliptic cone flow. Control was applied near the leeward-side crossflow separation line, and several actuator configurations were considered, include symmetric and asymmetric patterns and inboard and outboard forces. There were substantial changes in the leeward-side flow structure with actuation. Moments generated about the pitch, yaw, and roll axes were quantified, along with the corresponding heat transfer penalty and actuator power consumption. C1 [Poggie, Jonathan] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, High Speed Flow Res Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Camberos, Jose] USAF, Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Sci & Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Fully Reusable Access to Space Technology Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Partial sponsorship for M. Atkinson was provided by the Air Force Fully Reusable Access to Space Technology Program. High-performance computer time was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center. Additional support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under a grant monitored by F. Fahroo, Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors are indebted to G. Candler for permission to use his flow solver, and to R. Gosse and I. Nompelis for lending their assistance and expertise. N. Bisek, D. Gaitonde, J. Jaworski, and M. White provided many helpful discussions. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.2514/1.A32360 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 121PY UT WOS:000317257900009 ER PT J AU Molek, CD Lindsay, CM Fajardo, ME AF Molek, Christopher D. Lindsay, C. Michael Fajardo, Mario E. TI A combined matrix isolation spectroscopy and cryosolid positron moderation apparatus SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RARE-GAS SOLIDS; INFRARED INTENSITIES; PARAHYDROGEN SOLIDS; SLOW POSITRONS; NEON MODERATOR; KR MODERATOR; WATER DIMER; BEAM; ABSORPTION; ARGON AB We describe the design, construction, and operation of a novel apparatus for investigating efficiency improvements in thin-film cryogenic solid positron moderators. We report results from solid neon, argon, krypton, and xenon positron moderators which illustrate the capabilities and limitations of our apparatus. We integrate a matrix isolation spectroscopy diagnostic within a reflection-geometry positron moderation system. We report the optical thickness, impurity content, and impurity trapping site structures within our moderators determined from infrared absorption spectra. We use a retarding potential analyzer to modulate the flow of slow positrons, and report positron currents vs. retarding potential for the different moderators. We identify vacuum ultraviolet emissions from irradiated Ne moderators as the source of spurious signals in our channel electron multiplier slow positron detection channel. Our design is also unusual in that it employs a sealed radioactive Na-22 positron source which can be translated relative to, and isolated from, the cryogenic moderator deposition substrate. This allows us to separate the influences on moderator efficiency of surface contamination by residual gases from those of accumulated radiation damage. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795555] C1 [Molek, Christopher D.; Lindsay, C. Michael; Fajardo, Mario E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div,Energet Mat Branch,AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div,Energet Mat Branch,AFRL RWME, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM mario.fajardo@eglin.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Awards FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical inspiration and hands-on assistance of Mr. Kenneth M. Edwards at the inception of this project. C. D. M. and C. M. L. acknowledge the National Research Council Research Associateship Awards which supported their research on this project. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 AR 035106 DI 10.1063/1.4795555 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 117PS UT WOS:000316966200051 PM 23556851 ER PT J AU Oswald, BB Schuren, JC Pagan, DC Miller, MP AF Oswald, Benjamin B. Schuren, Jay C. Pagan, Darren C. Miller, Matthew P. TI An experimental system for high temperature X-ray diffraction studies with in situ mechanical loading SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB An experimental system with in situ thermomechanical loading has been developed to enable high energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of crystalline materials. The system applies and maintains loads of up to 2250 N in uniaxial tension or compression at a frequency of up to 100 Hz. The furnace heats the specimen uniformly up to a maximum temperature of 1200 degrees C in a variety of atmospheres (oxidizing, inert, reducing) that, combined with in situ mechanical loading, can be used to mimic processing and operating conditions of engineering components. The loaded specimen is reoriented with respect to the incident beam of x-rays using two rotational axes to increase the number of crystal orientations interrogated. The system was used at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source to conduct experiments on single crystal silicon and polycrystalline Low Solvus High Refractory nickel-based superalloy. The data from these experiments provide new insights into how stresses evolve at the crystal scale during thermomechanical loading and complement the development of high-fidelity material models. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793230] C1 [Oswald, Benjamin B.; Pagan, Darren C.; Miller, Matthew P.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schuren, Jay C.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oswald, BB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mpm4@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0928257]; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under NSF [DMR-0936384] FX The development of the experimental system presented in this paper was supported financially by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. CMMI-0928257, Dr. Glaucio Paulino program manager. The Low Solvus High Refractory nickel-based superalloy material was supplied by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. Experiments using the system were conducted at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under NSF Award No. DMR-0936384. Dr. Alexander Kazimirov is gratefully acknowledged for his support of our research program during his time as the CHESS A2 Beamline Scientist. The authors wish to thank Basil Blank and Dr. Jun-Sang Park for their contributions during the assembly and implementation phases of the project. The authors would also like to acknowledge Professor Matthew Kramer, Iowa State University and Professor Francis DiSalvo, Cornell University for their insight on the design of the furnace. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 AR 033902 DI 10.1063/1.4793230 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 117PS UT WOS:000316966200025 PM 23556825 ER PT J AU Sonmez, T Switzer, TB AF Soenmez, Tayfun Switzer, Tobias B. TI Matching With (Branch-of-Choice) Contracts at the United States Military Academy SO ECONOMETRICA LA English DT Article DE Market design; matching with contracts; stability; strategy-proofness ID KIDNEY EXCHANGE; SCHOOL CHOICE; STABLE MATCHINGS; STABILITY; SUBSTITUTES; ALLOCATION; MECHANISMS; NETWORKS; SALARIES AB Branch selection is a key decision in a cadet's military career. Cadets at USMA can increase their branch priorities at a fraction of slots by extending their service agreement. This real-life matching problem fills an important gap in the market design literature, providing strong empirical legitimacy to a series of elegant theoretical works on matching with contracts. Although priorities fail a key substitutes condition, the agent-optimal stable mechanism is well defined, and in contrast to the current USMA mechanism it is fair, stable, strategy-proof, and respects improvements in cadet priorities. Adoption of this mechanism benefits cadets and the Army. This new application shows that the matching with contracts model is practically relevant beyond traditional domains that satisfy the substitutes condition. C1 [Soenmez, Tayfun] Boston Coll, Dept Econ, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Switzer, Tobias B.] USAF, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. RP Sonmez, T (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Econ, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM sonmezt@bc.edu; tobias.switzer@gmail.com NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9682 J9 ECONOMETRICA JI Econometrica PD MAR PY 2013 VL 81 IS 2 BP 451 EP 488 DI 10.3982/ECTA10570 PG 38 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 112YO UT WOS:000316631600001 ER PT J AU Doudican, BM Zand, B Amaya, P Butalia, TS Wolfe, WE Schoeppner, GA AF Doudican, Bradley M. Zand, Behrad Amaya, Peter Butalia, Tarunjit S. Wolfe, William E. Schoeppner, Gregory A. TI Strain energy based failure criterion: Comparison of numerical predictions and experimental observations for symmetric composite laminates subjected to triaxial loading SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Strain energy criterion; 3D stresses; through-thickness; failure envelope ID SUPERPOSED HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; COMPRESSIVE FAILURE; NONLINEAR-ANALYSIS; EXERCISE; BEHAVIOR; GLASS; STRENGTH; KINKING AB An analytical model to predict the constitutive response, failure initiation and post-initial failure behavior of fibrous composites under triaxial loading has been developed based on a strain energy formulation. This paper highlights the means of developing several key parameters in the model and extends the model to include the effects of in-plane thermal residual stresses accumulated during the curing of composite laminates. The derivations of a set of consistent model input parameters for several composite material systems are described. A series of comparative stress-strain curves and failure envelopes are provided comparing model predictions to published experimental data. The strain energy based failure model is found to provide good agreement with the experimental observations studied in this work. C1 [Doudican, Bradley M.; Amaya, Peter; Butalia, Tarunjit S.; Wolfe, William E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zand, Behrad] Amer Elect Power Co, Columbus, OH USA. [Schoeppner, Gregory A.] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Afb, OH USA. RP Butalia, TS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM butalia.1@osu.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 847 EP 866 DI 10.1177/0021998312462617 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 116XN UT WOS:000316916700013 ER PT J AU Le, AQ Sun, LZ Miller, TC AF Le, Anhduong Q. Sun, L. Z. Miller, Timothy C. TI Detectability of Delaminations in Solid Rocket Motors with Embedded Stress Sensors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB A finite element model is used to investigate the effect of delaminations on the radial stress distribution along the bondline during the cooling process of a solid rocket motor composed of propellant, insulation, and casing. Under the assumption of stress sensors evenly distributed along the circumference of the interface between the propellant and insulation, a relationship is established between the debond angle, the number of sensors, and the required sensor accuracy. Two approaches are proposed to detect debonds based on the radial stress readings from these embedded sensors. In addition, a quantitative mapping is obtained between the debond size and the sensor data to inversely estimate the extent of the delamination. It is demonstrated that the proposed framework can detect delaminations in solid rocket motors. C1 [Le, Anhduong Q.; Sun, L. Z.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Miller, Timothy C.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Le, AQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Sun, Lizhi/C-5205-2008 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards Air Force Base (AFRL) FX This work was made possible by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards Air Force Base (AFRL), which supported the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) administered by the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical assistance from Jim Buswell and Herb Chelner of Micron Instruments in regards to the DBST sensors, and Greg Yandek of (AFRL/RZSM) for the data collection of EPDM insulation material. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.2514/1.B34523 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 110HM UT WOS:000316433200002 ER PT J AU Deiner, LJ Piotrowski, KA Reitz, TL AF Deiner, L. Jay Piotrowski, Kelli A. Reitz, Thomas L. TI Mechanisms of Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Dispersant Bonding in Non-Aqueous Dispersions of NiO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FTIR SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION; THIN-FILM COATINGS; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; BATIO3 PARTICLES; NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; ETHYL CELLULOSE; OLEIC-ACID; ELECTROLYTE; ZIRCONIA AB Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the mechanism of fatty acid and triglyceride dispersant bonding to NiO in 2-butanol for a series of triglyceride and straight chain fatty acid dispersants with systematically varied chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. The extent of NiO deflocculation was measured using laser diffraction particle size analysis. The relative stabilities of the fatty acid/NiO dispersions were assessed through settling tests. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy indicates that the straight chain fatty acids chemisorb to NiO as alkoxides with most of the adsorbed moieties in an 2 configuration. A small fraction of the adsorbed straight chain fatty acids are either chemisorbed through the hydroxyl oxygen in an 1 configuration or physisorbed as dimers. Glycerol trioleate and Menhaden fish oil both exhibit some chemisorption through the carbonyl oxygen. Despite similarities in adsorption mechanism, the dispersants differ in their abilities to break up NiO aggregates and to prevent re-aggregation. Dispersant characteristics favoring stability of the NiO/2-butanol dispersion are longer carbon chain length and higher degree of unsaturation. The triglyceride structure provides a weak improvement in stability. These results are discussed in the context of recent work developing non-aqueous inks for inkjet printing of solid oxide fuel cells. C1 [Deiner, L. Jay; Piotrowski, Kelli A.] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Reitz, Thomas L.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deiner, LJ (reprint author), CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM Ldeiner@citytech.cuny.edu FU Air Force Research Labs under UES [S-932-19-MR002]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by the Air Force Research Labs under UES subcontract # S-932-19-MR002. L.J.D. acknowledges the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship program for support. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 96 IS 3 BP 750 EP 758 DI 10.1111/jace.12196 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 112DJ UT WOS:000316572000013 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Petry, MD Cinibulk, MK Mathur, T Gruber, MR AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Petry, Melvin D. Cinibulk, Michael K. Mathur, Tarun Gruber, Mark R. TI Thermal and Oxidation Response of UHTC Leading Edge Samples Exposed to Simulated Hypersonic Flight Conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; DIBORIDE-SILICON-CARBIDE; DISSOCIATED AIR; ZRB2; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; HFB2 AB Sharp leading edge (LE) samples of UHTC (20vol%SiCHfB2) and SiC were exposed to simulated hypersonic flight conditions using a direct-connect scramjet rig and their thermal and oxidation responses measured. The measured back-wall temperatures and scale thicknesses were significantly smaller than might be expected from stagnation temperatures at the LE. Furthermore, the scale that formed around the LE was more uniform than expected from the steep drop in cold wall heat flux with distance from the tip. These results were interpreted and rationalized using physics-based models. An aerothermal model in combination with an oxidation model accounted for the observed scale thicknesses at the tip and their slight variation with distance. The scale thicknesses were similar to values reported for exposures in furnaces at temperatures calculated for the tip, but less than those reported in arc jet tests. The formation of hafnon (HfSiO4) and the absence of external glassy layer and of silica in the outer portions of the oxide region are unique to scramjet tested samples, presumably due to the high fluid flow (high shear and evaporation) rates. C1 [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Petry, Melvin D.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Petry, Melvin D.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Mathur, Tarun] ISSI, Dayton, OH USA. [Gruber, Mark R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasar-athy@wpafb.af.mil FU USAF [FA8650-10-D-5226]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We acknowledge significant support from Charles Smith, Jerry Malott, Ken Sack and Andrew Baron of ISSI, Dayton, OH and Steve Smith of AFRL/RQHF, WPAFB, OH, all of whom operated the scramjet rig with dedication and offered creative suggestions. This work was supported by USAF Contract # FA8650-10-D-5226 which included funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), monitored by Dr. Ali Sayir. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 96 IS 3 BP 907 EP 915 DI 10.1111/jace.12180 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 112DJ UT WOS:000316572000038 ER PT J AU Liu, L Lo, CF Xi, YY Wang, YX Ren, F Pearton, SJ Kim, HY Kim, J Fitch, RC Walker, DE Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Tetlak, SE Via, GD Crespo, A Kravchenko, II AF Liu, Lu Lo, Chien-Fong Xi, Yuyin Wang, Yuxi Ren, Fan Pearton, Stephen J. Kim, Hong-Yeol Kim, Jihyun Fitch, Robert C. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Chabak, Kelson D. Gillespie, James K. Tetlak, Stephen E. Via, Glen D. Crespo, Antonio Kravchenko, Ivan I. TI Dependence on proton energy of degradation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; RADIATION; DEVICES AB The effects of proton irradiation energy on dc, small signal, and large signal rf characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were investigated. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were irradiated with protons at fixed fluence of 5 x 10(15)/cm(2) and energies of 5, 10, and 15 MeV. Both dc and rf characteristics revealed more degradation at lower irradiation energy, with reductions of maximum transconductance of 11%, 22%, and 38%, and decreases in drain saturation current of 10%, 24%, and 46% for HEMTs exposed to 15, 10, and 5 MeV protons, respectively. The increase in device degradation with decreasing proton energy is due to the increase in linear energy transfer and corresponding increase in nonionizing energy loss with decreasing proton energy in the active region of the HEMTs. After irradiation, both subthreshold drain leakage current and reverse gate current decreased more than 1 order of magnitude for all samples. The carrier removal rate was in the range 121-336 cm(-1) over the range of proton energies employed in this study. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4788904] C1 [Liu, Lu; Lo, Chien-Fong; Xi, Yuyin; Wang, Yuxi; Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pearton, Stephen J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kim, Hong-Yeol; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Fitch, Robert C.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Chabak, Kelson D.; Gillespie, James K.; Tetlak, Stephen E.; Via, Glen D.; Crespo, Antonio] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kravchenko, Ivan I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Liu, L (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fren@che.ufl.edu RI LIU, LU/H-2307-2013; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Kravchenko, Ivan/K-3022-2015 OI LIU, LU/0000-0001-7256-3775; Kravchenko, Ivan/0000-0003-4999-5822 FU U.S. DOD HDTRA [1-11-1-0020]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The work performed at UF was supported by an U.S. DOD HDTRA Grant No. 1-11-1-0020, monitored by James Reed and an AFOSR MURI monitored by James Huang. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 AR 022201 DI 10.1116/1.4788904 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 117SG UT WOS:000316972800043 ER PT J AU Fernandes, NJ Koerner, H Giannelis, EP Vaia, RA AF Fernandes, Nikhil J. Koerner, Hilmar Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Vaia, Richard A. TI Hairy nanoparticle assemblies as one-component functional polymer nanocomposites: opportunities and challenges SO MRS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS; LIQUID-LIKE BEHAVIOR; SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATION; NANOSCALE IONIC MATERIALS; CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES; STAR-SHAPED POLYMERS; THIN-FILM COMPOSITE; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES AB Over the past three decades, the combination of inorganic-nanoparticles and organic-polymers has led to a wide variety of advanced materials, including polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Recently, synthetic innovations for attaching polymers to nanoparticles to create "hairy nanoparticles" (HNPs) has expanded opportunities in this field. In addition to nanoparticle compatibilization for traditional particle-matrix blending, neat-HNPs afford one-component hybrids, both in composition and properties, which avoids issues of mixing that plague traditional PNCs. Continuous improvements in purity, scalability, and theoretical foundations of structure-performance relationships are critical to achieving design control of neat-HNPs necessary for future applications, ranging from optical, energy, and sensor devices to lubricants, green-bodies, and structures. C1 [Fernandes, Nikhil J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Giannelis, Emmanuel P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil OI Fernandes, Nikhil/0000-0002-0195-2885 FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-018-02]; National Science Foundation [IIP-1114275]; NYSERDA [18507]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This publication is based on work supported in part by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IIP-1114275 and work supported by NYSERDA under Grant No. 18507. NYSERDA has not reviewed the information contained herein, and the opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA or the State of New York. This work was funded in part by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 151 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 175 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 2159-6859 J9 MRS COMMUN JI MRS Commun. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 29 DI 10.1557/mrc.2013.9 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 114SA UT WOS:000316761500002 ER PT J AU Hagen, J Lyon, W Chushak, Y Tomczak, M Naik, R Stone, M Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Hagen, Joshua Lyon, Wanda Chushak, Yaroslav Tomczak, Melanie Naik, Rajesh Stone, Morley Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Detection of Orexin A Neuropeptide in Biological Fluids Using a Zinc Oxide Field Effect Transistor SO ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Orexin A; molecular recognition elements; binding peptide; field effect transistor; rapid detection; human performance monitoring ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN DOCKING; RECOGNITION ELEMENTS; PLASMA; PEPTIDES; RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONALIZATION; PERFORMANCE; NARCOLEPSY; LEPTIN AB Biomarkers which are indicative of acute physiological and emotional states are studied in a number of different areas in cognitive neuroscience. Currently, many cognitive studies are conducted based on programmed tasks followed by timed biofluid sampling, central laboratory processing, and followed by data analysis. In this work, we present a sensor platform capable of rapid biomarker detection specific for detecting neuropeptide orexin A, found in blood and saliva and known as an indicator of fatigue and cognitive performance. A peptide recognition element that selectively binds to orexin A was designed, characterized, and functionalized onto a zinc oxide field effect transistor to enable rapid detection. The detection limit using the sensor platform was sub-picomolar in water, and picomolar to nanomolar levels in saliva and serum. The transistor and recognition element sensor platform can be easily expanded, allowing for multiple biomarkers to be detected simultaneously, lending itself to complex biomarker analysis applicable to rapid feedback for neuroscience research and physiological monitoring. C1 [Hagen, Joshua; Lyon, Wanda; Chushak, Yaroslav; Stone, Morley; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tomczak, Melanie; Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hagen, J (reprint author), USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joshua.hagen@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Bio-X Strategic Technology Thrust; 711th Chief Scientist Seedling Fund; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; RX Bio program in the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Bio-X Strategic Technology Thrust, 711th Chief Scientist Seedling Fund, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and RX Bio program in the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7193 J9 ACS CHEM NEUROSCI JI ACS Chem. Neurosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 3 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1021/cn300159e PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 112LQ UT WOS:000316594100010 PM 23509980 ER PT J AU Meylemans, HA Harvey, BG Reams, JT Guenthner, AJ Cambrea, LR Groshens, TJ Baldwin, LC Garrison, MD Mabry, JM AF Meylemans, Heather A. Harvey, Benjamin G. Reams, Josiah T. Guenthner, Andrew J. Cambrea, Lee R. Groshens, Thomas J. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Garrison, Michael D. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Synthesis, Characterization, and Cure Chemistry of Renewable Bis(cyanate) Esters Derived from 2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID EPOXY-RESINS; PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE; TRICYANATE ESTER; LIGNIN; POLYMERS; POLYURETHANES; POLYESTERS; RESOURCES; KINETICS AB A series of renewable bis(cyanate) esters have been prepared from bisphenols synthesized by condensation of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol) with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde. The cyanate esters have been fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds melt from 88 to 143 degrees C, while cured resins have glass transition temperatures from 219 to 248 degrees C, water uptake (96 h, 85 degrees C immersion) in the range of 2.05-3.21%, and wet glass transition temperatures from 174 to 193 degrees C. These properties suggest that creosol-derived cyanate esters may be useful for a wide variety of military and commercial applications. The cure chemistry of the cyanate esters has been studied with FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that cyanate esters with more sterically demanding bridging groups cure more slowly, but also more completely than those with a bridging methylene group. In addition to the structural differences, the purity of the cyanate esters has a significant effect on both the cure chemistry and final T-g of the materials. In some cases, post-cure of the resins at 350 degrees C resulted in significant decomposition and off-gassing, but cure protocols that terminated at 250-300 degrees C generated void-free resin pucks without degradation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that cured resins were stable up to 400 degrees C and then rapidly degraded. TGA/FTIR and mass spectrometry results showed that the resins decomposed to phenols, isocyanic acid, and secondary decomposition products, including CO2. Char yields of cured resins under N-2 ranged from 27 to 35%, while char yields in air ranged from 8 to 11%. These data suggest that resins of this type may potentially be recycled to parent phenols, creosol, and other alkylated creosols by pyrolysis in the presence of excess water vapor. The ability to synthesize these high temperature resins from a phenol (creosol) that can be derived from lignin, coupled with the potential to recycle the composites, provides a possible route to the production of sustainable, high-performance, thermosetting resins with reduced environmental impact. C1 [Meylemans, Heather A.; Harvey, Benjamin G.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.; Garrison, Michael D.] USN, Res Dept, Div Chem, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.; Guenthner, Andrew J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Dept, Div Chem, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [WP-2214] FX The authors would like to thank Ms. Roxanne Quintana for MS analysis and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project WP-2214 for financial support of this work. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 3 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1021/bm3018438 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 105DB UT WOS:000316044700022 PM 23323677 ER PT J AU Alexander, AM AF Alexander, Antoin Marcus TI Atrial Fibrillation in the Athlete SO CURRENT SPORTS MEDICINE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION; FOLLOW-UP; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SPORT PRACTICE; RISK; ARRHYTHMIAS; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; PREVALENCE; PATIENT AB Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in athletes. Evidence supports that it occurs more frequently in endurance athletes than in nonathletes and that it can result in decreased performance or even ineligibility for athletes. Although there is no clear etiology of why the increase in athletes exists, three supported mechanisms include morphologic adaptation, autonomic alteration, and chronic systemic inflammation. Although treatment in athletes can be challenging, type 1C antiarrhythmics are accepted generally as a first-line therapy in addition to risk factor-based anticoagulation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation also has become a recommended treatment for symptomatic paroxysmal AF that is refractory to at least one class 1 or 3 antiarrhythmic medication and a reasonable treatment in symptomatic paroxysmal AF prior to initiation of antiarrhythmic therapy. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94534 USA. RP Alexander, AM (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94534 USA. EM Marcusindc10@gmail.com NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1537-890X J9 CURR SPORT MED REP JI Curr. Sport. Med. Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 12 IS 2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182874aa3 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 106DF UT WOS:000316121400009 PM 23478558 ER PT J AU Andreev, AD Hendricks, KJ AF Andreev, Andrey D. Hendricks, Kyle J. TI Multicavity Magnetron With the "Rodded" Quasi-Metamaterial Cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cathode priming; computer simulations; metamaterial structures; relativistic magnetron ID IN-CELL SIMULATION; FAST OSCILLATION STARTUP; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; TRANSPARENT CATHODE; MODE; PERFORMANCE; IMPROVEMENT; EMISSION AB We report on the use of the "rodded" or the longitudinally oriented metal-thin-wire structure as the explosive-emission cathode in high-power multicavity magnetrons. The rodded structure is transparent to the time-varying induced electric field E-1 oscillating orthogonally to the individual rods or wires of the structure. The rods (wires) are longitudinally oriented, i.e., along the magnetron axis and parallel to the external dc axial magnetic field H-0. The mode pattern established within the magnetron resonant cavity corresponds to one of the TE-like cavity modes of the magnetron operation. This allows defining the rodded structure as the quasi-metamaterial (i.e., not-entirely-metamaterial) structure. Particle-in-cell simulations of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's six-cavity (AFRL-A6) L-band magnetron demonstrate that the rodded quasi-metamaterial cathode allows the magnetron to much more faster select the desired 2 pi/3 magnetron operating mode within the broader range of the input operating parameters (from 130 to 200 kV at 0.15 T), as compared with the same magnetron working with the traditional smooth cylindrical cathode (from 140 to 160 kV at 0.15 T). C1 [Andreev, Andrey D.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Directed Energy Div, Raytheon Ktech, Adv Secur & Directed Energy Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Hendricks, Kyle J.] USAF, Res Lab, High Power Microwave Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Andreev, AD (reprint author), Raytheon Missile Syst, Directed Energy Div, Raytheon Ktech, Adv Secur & Directed Energy Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 BP 620 EP 627 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2238558 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 107HD UT WOS:000316205200030 ER PT J AU Pettit, TJ Croxton, KL Fiksel, J AF Pettit, Timothy J. Croxton, Keely L. Fiksel, Joseph TI Ensuring Supply Chain Resilience: Development and Implementation of an Assessment Tool SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE resilience; disruptions; risk management; supply chain management; vulnerabilities ID SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; DISRUPTION RISKS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; MITIGATION; STRATEGIES; OPERATIONS; CAPACITY; DESIGN; RATES AB In today's tightly connected global economy, traditional management practices that rely on steady-state conditions are challenged by chaotic external pressures and turbulent change. Just in the last few years, the world has experienced a string of catastrophic events, including a global economic meltdown, a volcanic eruption in Iceland, an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, a disastrous tsunami and power blackout in Japan, and political upheavals in Africa and the Middle East. Managing the risk of an uncertain future is a challenge that requires resiliencethe ability to survive, adapt, and grow in the face of turbulent change. This research develops a measurement tool titled the Supply Chain Resilience Assessment and Management (SCRAM). Data gathered from seven global manufacturing and service firms are used to validate SCRAM, using qualitative methodology with 1,369 empirical items from focus groups reviewing 14 recent disruptions. Critical linkages are uncovered between the inherent vulnerability factors and controllable capability factors. Through mixed-method triangulation, this research identified 311 specific linkages that can be used to guide a resilience improvement process. Pilot testing suggests a correlation between increased resilience and improved supply chain performance. C1 [Pettit, Timothy J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Croxton, Keely L.] Ohio State Univ, Fisher Coll Business, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fiksel, Joseph] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Resilience, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pettit, TJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, Fairchild Hall, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Timothy.pettit@usafa.edu OI Croxton, Keely/0000-0003-3057-6417 NR 83 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 11 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0735-3766 EI 2158-1592 J9 J BUS LOGIST JI J. Bus. Logist. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 46 EP 76 DI 10.1111/jbl.12009 PG 31 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 112XE UT WOS:000316627100005 ER PT J AU Carlson, DW Pearson, RD Haggerty, PF Strilka, RJ Abella, BS Gourley, PE AF Carlson, Daniel W. Pearson, Ryan D. Haggerty, Paul F. Strilka, Richard J. Abella, Benjamin S. Gourley, Paul E. TI COMMOTIO CORDIS, THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA, AND EVACUATION FROM A UNITED STATES MILITARY BASE IN IRAQ SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE commotio cordis; cardiac arrest; therapeutic hypothermia; cardiopulmonary resuscitation ID CARDIAC-ARREST; TASK-FORCE; RESUSCITATION; TRAUMA; GUIDELINES; COMMITTEE; ADULTS; DEATH AB Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. It remains unclear if TH can be safely and effectively used in the setting of traumatic arrest. Furthermore, the use of TH methods in the pre-hospital and transport environments remain poorly established and a domain of active investigation. Objectives: To describe a case of successful TH utilization after blunt trauma with commotio cordis and pulmonary contusion, and to describe the continuation of TH during international fixed-wing aeromedical transport. Case Report: A 33-year-old active duty soldier suffered blunt chest trauma and immediate VF arrest. He was successfully resuscitated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation attempts. Given his ensuing comatose post-arrest state, he was therapeutically cooled and subsequently evacuated from Iraq to Germany, with cooling maintenance established in flight without the availability of training or commercial cooling equipment. The patient exhibited an eventual excellent neurologic recovery. To utilize TH for this patient, military physicians with limited local resources employed a telemedical approach to obtain a hypothermia protocol to develop a successful treatment plan. Conclusions: The patient's successful resuscitation suggests that care should not be withheld for blunt trauma patients without vital signs in the field if VF is present, until the differential diagnosis of commotio cordis has been considered. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Carlson, Daniel W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Pearson, Ryan D.] Dept Family Med, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Haggerty, Paul F.] Dept Internal Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Strilka, Richard J.] Royal AF Lakenheath, Brandon, Suffolk, England. [Abella, Benjamin S.] Univ Penn, Ctr Resuscitat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gourley, Paul E.] Langley AFB, Hampton, VA USA. RP Abella, BS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Resuscitat Sci, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Abella, Benjamin/0000-0003-2521-0891 FU Philips Healthcare FX Dr. Abella has received honoraria from Medivance Corporation and unrestricted research funding from Philips Healthcare. The other authors declare no relevant disclosures. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44 IS 3 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.014 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 103VF UT WOS:000315946900015 PM 23079150 ER PT J AU VanDeMark, TF Johnson, LB Pitarka, A Bennett, HH Simms, JE Yule, DE AF VanDeMark, Thomas F. Johnson, Lars B. Pitarka, Arben Bennett, Hollis H., Jr. Simms, Janet E. Yule, Don E. TI Evaluation of Seismic-Acoustic Analysis Methods for a Real-time UXO Monitoring System SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense (DoD) uses over two million rounds of high-explosive (HE) munitions per year (Defense Science Board Task Force, 2003). A small percentage does not explode, thus generating unexploded ordnance (UXO) in current range areas at a substantial rate. As these ranges are closed, the DoD becomes responsible for the environmental restoration of the affected properties. Current methods of UXO remediation are costly because of high false alarm rates. Our current research is to develop a complementary technology that will alleviate false alarm rate by detecting, classifying, and locating UXO in near real time (less than 1 minute) as a munition impacts the range. This technology will utilize an array of buried seismic sensors in a calibrated range area, along with a set of algorithms based on theoretical and applied seismology and statistical analysis. Initial field tests at three sites focused on developing concepts of the seismic and acoustic location of ordnance impacts. Our research program developed from these initial field tests has four primary objectives: 1) fully implement a wired seismic-acoustic ordnance impact location system for live fire ranges; 2) develop a system capability to discriminate high-order (HE), low-order (partially exploded), and zero-order (UXO) events; 3) reduce location error to a stringent program metric of 1-2 m; and 4) investigate the feasibility of developing a wireless implementation of the technology. This paper describes the procedures and results from follow-on tests that were conducted in two locations at the U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland. These tests were used to evaluate potential seismic-acoustic methods and system configurations for a Seismic-Acoustic Impact Monitoring Assessment (SAIMA) system for mitigating UXO hazards. Significant results from this work include: 1) seismic impulses from low-order impacts were detected at distances up to 1,000 meters; 2) classification features based on measurements of the amplitude of acoustic and seismic phases produce clear discrimination between HE and UXO impacts; 3) calculated location solutions for HE and UXO impacts yield an average location error of 10-20 meters; and 4) empirical observation and waveform modeling demonstrated that surface waves dominate the signal at all distances and therefore should be the primary phase used for all components of analysis. Furthermore, these tests demonstrated the current system design, allowing further enhancements, is capable of meeting the initial research objectives (1) and (2). Future research will focus on improving system performance with refinement of the sensor-layout geometry and the detection and location algorithms through system error analyses and follow-on field testing. C1 [VanDeMark, Thomas F.; Johnson, Lars B.; Pitarka, Arben] Quantum Technol Sci Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. [Bennett, Hollis H., Jr.; Simms, Janet E.; Yule, Don E.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP VanDeMark, TF (reprint author), USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, 1030 S Highway A1A,Bldg 989, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RI pitarka, arben/K-5491-2014 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.2113/JEEG18.1.71 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 106RZ UT WOS:000316163700005 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P Patil, M AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip Patil, Mayuresh TI Optimal Flapping-Wing Vehicle Dynamics via Floquet Multiplier Sensitivities SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; FLIGHT; STABILITY; INSECT; SYSTEMS AB This work considers the trimmed periodic orbits of flapping-wing micro air vehicles, and details the tradeoff between the stability of those orbits (via Floquet theory), their size, and the power needed to sustain them. The nonlinear equations of motion of a body with two rigid flapping wings are coupled to a blade element aerodynamic method, and the periodic shooting method is used to locate the orbit. Analytical sensitivities of the relevant flight metrics, including the Floquet multipliers, are derived with respect to kinematic variables, which enables a gradient. based optimization for maximum stability, minimum power, or minimum orbit size. This is done for hovering, climbing, and forward flight; comparisons between the required kinematics and the resulting flight behavior for each optimal case provide insight into the conflicting metrics. Notably, the optimizer is able to locate designs that are stable in an open-loop sense. However, this effort is not meant to replace the inclusion of a dedicated closed-loop controller: feedback is needed to ensure true station-keeping or trajectory control (particularly in response to large nonlinear disturbances). However, design strategies developed here may assist in the development of controls-oriented frameworks in the future to achieve an appropriate balance between strongly conflicting flight metrics. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patil, Mayuresh] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com RI Patil, Mayuresh/E-4644-2013 OI Patil, Mayuresh/0000-0001-9601-2249 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR]; Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-04-D-3446-0035] FX This work is sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under laboratory tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Fariba Fahroo), and by the Air Vehicles Directorate under the Flapping Sciences Integration Program contract FA8650-04-D-3446-0035. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 454 EP 466 DI 10.2514/1.57213 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 102GF UT WOS:000315832200009 ER PT J AU Zolot, AM Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Swann, WC Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Zolot, A. M. Giorgetta, F. R. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. TI Broad-band frequency references in the near-infrared: Accurate dual comb spectroscopy of methane and acetylene SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Spectroscopy; Methane; Acetylene; Frequency comb ID MU-M; NOBEL LECTURE; RESOLUTION; REGION; LASERS; CM(-1); INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROMETER; (CH4)-C-12; PRECISION AB The Doppler-limited spectra of methane between 176 THz and 184 THz (5870-6130 cm(-1)) and acetylene between 193 THz and 199 THz (6430-6630 cm(-1)) are acquired via comb-tooth resolved dual comb spectroscopy with frequency accuracy traceable to atomic standards. A least squares analysis of the measured absorbance and phase line shapes provides line center frequencies with absolute accuracy of 0.2 MHz, or less than one thousandth of the room temperature Doppler width.. This accuracy is verified through comparison with previous saturated absorption spectroscopy of 37 strong isolated lines of acetylene. For the methane spectrum, the center frequencies of 46 well-isolated strong lines are determined with similar high accuracy, along with the center frequencies for 1107 non-isolated lines at lower accuracy. The measured methane line-center frequencies have an uncertainty comparable to the few available laser heterodyne measurements in this region but span a much larger optical bandwidth, marking the first broad-band measurements of the methane 2 nu(3) region directly referenced to atomic frequency standards. This study demonstrates the promise of dual comb spectroscopy to obtain high resolution broadband spectra that are comparable to state-of-the-art Fourier-transform spectrometer measurements but with much improved frequency accuracy. Work of the US government, not subject to US copyright. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zolot, A. M.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zolot, A. M.; Newbury, N. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nathan.newbury@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.11.024 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 110EG UT WOS:000316424800004 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Senkova, SV Woodward, C Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Senkova, S. V. Woodward, C. Miracle, D. B. TI Low-density, refractory multi-principal element alloys of the Cr-Nb-Ti-V-Zr system: Microstructure and phase analysis SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Refractory alloys; Crystal structure; Microstructure; CALPHAD ID HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS; NBCRMO0.5TA0.5TIZR ALLOY; DESIGN AB The crystal structure, microstructure, density and Vickers hardness of four multi-principal element alloys, NbTiVZr, NbTiV2Zr, CrNbTiZr, and CrNbTiVZr, are reported. The characteristics of these potential new high-temperature structural alloys are explored. The alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting followed by hot isostatic pressing (at 1200 degrees C, 207 MPa for 1 h) and homogenization annealing (at 1200 degrees C for 24 h). The alloys have densities of 6.52, 6.34, 6.67 and 6.57 g cm(-3), and Vickers microhardness values of 3.29, 2.99, 4.10 and 4.72 GPa, respectively. The NbTiVZr alloy is essentially a single-phase alloy consisting of a coarse-grained disordered body-centered cubic (bcc) phase with fine, submicron-size precipitates inside the grains. The NbTiV2Zr alloy contains three disordered bcc phases. The CrNbTiZr and CrNbTiVZr alloys contain a disordered bcc phase and an ordered Laves phase. The lattice parameters and compositions of the identified phases are reported. The experimental data are compared with the results of the thermodynamic modeling of non-equilibrium and equilibrium phases in these alloys. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Senkova, S. V.; Woodward, C.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Research Laboratory Director's fund; Air Force on-site Contract [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This work was supported through the Air Force Research Laboratory Director's fund and through the Air Force on-site Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 14 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 23 U2 143 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1545 EP 1557 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.032 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 105AA UT WOS:000316036800013 ER PT J AU Anderson, JR Stith, SM Johnson, MD Strachman-Miller, MM Amanor-Boadu, Y Linkh, DJ AF Anderson, Jared R. Stith, Sandra M. Johnson, Matthew D. Strachman-Miller, Marjorie M. Amanor-Boadu, Yvonne Linkh, David J. TI Multi-Couple Group and Self-Directed PREP Formats Enhance Relationship Satisfaction and Improve Anger Management Skills in Air Force Couples SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY LA English DT Article ID RELATIONSHIP EDUCATION; MARITAL DISTRESS; PREVENTION; COMMUNICATION; MARRIAGE; EPREP; WORK; RISK AB This study examined the effectiveness of delivering the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) to volunteer couples in the U.S. Air Force in either a six-week instructional multi-couple group condition or a self-directed book condition. A standardized pre/post protocol was employed and outcomes included relationship satisfaction and anger management skills, two known risk factors for partner maltreatment. Significant improvement was found for the group condition in both relationship satisfaction and anger management skills, but only for anger management skills in the self-directed book condition. Finally, the group condition reported greater program satisfaction. Implications are discussed. C1 [Anderson, Jared R.; Stith, Sandra M.; Strachman-Miller, Marjorie M.; Amanor-Boadu, Yvonne] Kansas State Univ, Sch Family Studies & Human Serv, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Johnson, Matthew D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Human Ecol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Linkh, David J.] USAF, Family Advocacy Program, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Anderson, JR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Sch Family Studies & Human Serv, 113 Campus Creek Complex, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jra@ksu.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0192-6187 J9 AM J FAM THER JI Am. J. Fam. Ther. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1080/01926187.2012.671104 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 098YD UT WOS:000315584100003 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS AF Tankersley, Michael S. TI I'm not strange, I'm just like you SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; IMMUNOTHERAPY C1 USAF, Personnel Ctr, Phys Educ Branch, Joint Base San Antonio R, TX USA. RP Tankersley, MS (reprint author), USAF, Personnel Ctr, Phys Educ Branch, Joint Base San Antonio R, TX USA. EM michael.tankersley@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 110 IS 3 BP 131 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2013.01.010 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 101XM UT WOS:000315807700001 PM 23548518 ER PT J AU Stokes, SC Quinn, JM Sacha, JJ White, KM AF Stokes, Shayne C. Quinn, James M. Sacha, Joshua J. White, Kevin M. TI Adherence to imported fire ant subcutaneous immunotherapy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE AB Background: Imported fire ant (IFA) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is safe and effective. For optimal protection, SCIT is given monthly for 3 to 5 years. Successful outcomes require patient adherence. Objective: To evaluate SCIT adherence in IFA allergic patients in an endemic area. Methods: Patients with systemic reactions to an IFA sting, with detectable specific IgE, who received a recommendation to start IFA SCIT were included. Initial reaction severity and demographic data were collected. Patients were contacted at 1 year regarding interval reactions to stings, SCIT adherence, and reason for nonadherence. Adherence rates were analyzed for association with age, sex, and severity of initial reaction. Results: Seventy-six patients were enrolled, and 71% adhered to the recommendation to start IFA SCIT. Subgroup analysis did not find significant differences. At 1 year, 97% completed follow-up for analysis, and only 35% remained adherent. Subgroup analysis did not find significant differences. Inconvenience and fear were reported as reasons for not following the recommendation to start or continue with IFA SCIT. Conclusion: IFA SCIT is a life-saving therapy that is safe and effective. Despite this, only 71% followed the recommendation to start, and at 1 year only 35% remained adherent. Adherence was not statistically related to age, sex, or severity of initial reaction. Logistical constraints and fear were significant impediments. (C) 2013 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stokes, Shayne C.; Quinn, James M.; Sacha, Joshua J.; White, Kevin M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Stokes, SC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Div, Dept Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM shayne.stokes@us.af.mil OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 FU US Air Force FX This study was supported by the US Air Force. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 110 IS 3 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2012.11.010 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 101XM UT WOS:000315807700008 PM 23548525 ER PT J AU Sikora, JM Tankersley, MS AF Sikora, Jeremy M. Tankersley, Michael S. CA ACAAI Immunotherapy Diagnostics Co TI Perception and practice of sublingual immunotherapy among practicing allergists in the United States: a follow-up survey SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY; SAFETY; TABLET; RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS; RHINITIS AB Background: Limited information regarding current trends of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) use, perception, and prescribing patterns among allergists in the United States is available. Objective: To obtain information about current allergist perception and practice of SLIT compared with 2007. Methods: On behalf of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Immunotherapy and Diagnostics Committee, an electronic survey was sent to all practicing allergists of the ACAAI in August 2011. Results: Fifty-nine of 519 US respondents (11.4%) reported experience using SLIT compared with 45 of 766 (5.9%) in 2007 (P <.001). Lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval was the primary barrier in using SLIT in the United States among 469 of 520 respondents (90.2%), which was increased from 471 of 763 (61.7%) in 2007 (P <.001). Among US respondents, 344 of 516 (66.7%) believed that SLIT was safer than subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) compared with 554 of 755 (73.4%) in 2007 (P <.01). In total, 22 of 51 SLIT users (43.1%) reported SLIT efficacy equal to or even greater than SCIT, which was similar to 21 of 38 (55.3%) reported in 2007 (P <.36). Conclusion: Rates of SLIT use reported by US respondents have nearly doubled in the last 4 years, with 11.4% of US respondents reporting SLIT use. Because the greatest barrier to SLIT use in the United States is the lack of FDA approval, it is anticipated that once an FDA-approved product is available, there will be widespread use of SLIT in the United States. Practice guidelines, which include effective dosages and schedules, will be critical to the broad implementation of SLIT in the United States. (C) 2013 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sikora, Jeremy M.; Tankersley, Michael S.; ACAAI Immunotherapy Diagnostics Co] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Sikora, JM (reprint author), Div Allergy & Immunol, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.sikora@wpafb.af.mil FU US Department of the Air Force FX This study was funded by the US Department of the Air Force. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 110 IS 3 BP 194 EP + DI 10.1016/j.anai.2012.12.014 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 101XM UT WOS:000315807700014 PM 23548531 ER PT J AU Afrooz, ARMN Sivalapalan, ST Murphy, CJ Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ Saleh, NB AF Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul Sivalapalan, Sean T. Murphy, Catherine J. Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. Saleh, Navid B. TI Spheres vs. rods: The shape of gold nanoparticles influences aggregation and deposition behavior SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Gold nanorods; Gold nanospheres; Shape; Aggregation; Deposition; Poly(acrylic acid) ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; ASPECT-RATIO; NANORODS; SURFACE; KINETICS; SCATTERING; STABILITY; TOXICITY; CRYSTALS AB The influence of shape on nanomaterial aggregation and deposition was systematically studied with poly-acrylic acid (PAA) coated uniform-sized gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and nanorods (AuNRs). Time resolved dynamic light scattering was employed to study their aggregation kinetics in a wide range of mono- and di-valent electrolyte conditions. Results indicated that PAA coated AuNSs have higher aggregation propensity compared to anisotropic PAA coated AuNRs, as observed through critical coagulation concentration (CCC). The CCC values were estimated as 50 mM NaCl and 1.8 mM CaCl2 for AuNS, which showed substantial increase to 250 mM NaCl and 7 mM CaCl2 for anisotropic AuNRs. Though electrokinetic behavior showed similar surface potential for the spherical and rod-shaped materials, the geometric differences between the samples have likely resulted in unique conformation of the PAA coatings, leading to different magnitudes of steric hindrances and hence yielding the observed aggregation behavior. The deposition kinetics was monitored using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation technique. AuNRs showed relatively slower deposition compared to AuNSs for low electrolytes concentrations. With the increase in electrolyte concentration, the differences in deposition rates between spheres and rods diminished. The results from this study showed that the shape of nanomaterials can influence interfacial properties and result in unique aggregation and deposition behavior under typical aquatic conditions. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul; Saleh, Navid B.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sivalapalan, Sean T.; Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Schlager, John J.] USAF, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Saleh, NB (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM salehn@engr.sc.edu OI Afrooz, ARM/0000-0002-9141-9426; Murphy, Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575 FU US Air Force Research Lab [FA 8650-10-2-6062] FX Funding was provided by the US Air Force Research Lab (Award# FA 8650-10-2-6062). We are grateful to Dr. Haijun Qian of Clemson Microscopy Center for his kind assistance in TEM imaging. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 107 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2013 VL 91 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.031 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099IW UT WOS:000315615700015 PM 23246723 ER PT J AU Armani, CJ Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Fair, GE Hay, RS AF Armani, Clinton J. Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B. Fair, Geoff E. Hay, Randall S. TI Creep of Nextel (TM) 610 Fiber at 1100 degrees C in Air and in Steam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; ALUMINA-BASED FIBERS; 1200 DEGREES-C; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; SILICON-NITRIDE; STRESS RUPTURE AB Creep of Nextel610 fibers was investigated at 1100 degrees C and 100500MPa in air and in steam. The effect of loading rate on fiber tensile strength was also explored. The presence of steam accelerated creep and reduced fiber lifetimes. Loading rate had a considerable effect on tensile strength in steam, but not in air. A linear elastic crack growth model was used to predict the creep lifetimes from the constant loading rate data. The dependence of tensile strength on loading rate and the predictability of creep lifetimes suggest that the failure mechanism in steam was environmentally assisted subcritical crack growth. The creep-rupture data were analyzed in terms of a Monkman-Grant (MG) relationship. Monkman-Grant parameters for creep-rupture data were the same in steam and air, and predicted creep-rupture at 1100 degrees C in both environments. A grain-size increase of about 25% was observed by TEM after 100h at 1100 degrees C in steam, which was about two times that observed in air. C1 [Armani, Clinton J.; Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fair, Geoff E.; Hay, Randall S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Armani, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2012.02831.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 102PZ UT WOS:000315857800009 ER PT J AU Carney, CM Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK AF Carney, Carmen M. Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Cinibulk, Michael K. TI Separating Test Artifacts from Material Behavior in the Oxidation Studies of HfB2-SiC at 2000 degrees C and Above SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE; HAFNIUM; CARBIDE; COMPOSITES; RESISTANCE; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; ZRB2 AB Oxidation characteristics of HfB2-15vol% SiC prepared by field-assisted sintering was examined at 2000 degrees C by heating it in a zirconia-resistance furnace and by direct electrical resistance heating of the sample. Limitations of the material and the direct electrical resistance heating apparatus were explored by heating samples multiple times and to temperatures in excess of 2300 degrees C. Oxide scales that developed at 2000 degrees C from both methods were similar in that they consisted of a SiO2/HfO2 outer layer, a porous HfO2 layer, and a HfB2 layer depleted of SiC. But they differed in scale thicknesses, impurities present, scale morphology/complexity. Possible test artifacts are discussed. C1 [Carney, Carmen M.; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Cinibulk, Michael K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carney, CM (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM carmen.carney@wpafb.af.mil FU United States Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This study was supported by the United States Air Force Contract # FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02730.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 102PZ UT WOS:000315857800011 ER PT J AU Benton, SI Bons, JP Sondergaard, R AF Benton, Stuart I. Bons, Jeffrey P. Sondergaard, Rolf TI Secondary Flow Loss Reduction Through Blowing for a High-Lift Front-Loaded Low Pressure Turbine Cascade SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; COMPRESSOR CASCADE; SEPARATION CONTROL; ENDWALL AB Efforts to increase individual blade loading in the low pressure turbine have resulted in blade geometries optimized for midspan performance. Many researchers have shown that increased blade loading and a front-loaded pressure distribution each separately contribute to increased losses in the endwall region. A detailed investigation of the baseline endwall flow of the L2F profile, which is a high-lift front loaded profile, is performed. In-plane velocity vectors and total pressure loss maps are obtained in five planes oriented normal to the blade surface for three Reynolds numbers. A row of pitched and skewed jets are introduced near the endwall on the suction surface of the blade. The flow control method is evaluated for four momentum coefficients at the high Reynolds number, with a maximum reduction of 42% in the area averaged total pressure loss coefficient. The same blade is also fitted with midspan vortex-generator jets and is tested at a Reynolds number of 20,000, resulting in a 21% reduction in the area averaged total pressure loss. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007531] C1 [Benton, Stuart I.; Bons, Jeffrey P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Engineer Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benton, SI (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 2300 West Case Rd, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. EM benton.53@osu.edu; bons.2@osu.edu; rolf.sondergaard@wpafb.af.mil RI Bons, Jeffrey/N-9854-2014 FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute through the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of The Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute through the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2013 VL 135 IS 2 AR 021020 DI 10.1115/1.4007531 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 094KB UT WOS:000315260400020 ER PT J AU Knezevic, M Lebensohn, RA Cazacu, O Revil-Baudard, B Proust, G Vogel, SC Nixon, ME AF Knezevic, Marko Lebensohn, Ricardo A. Cazacu, Oana Revil-Baudard, Benoit Proust, Gwenaelle Vogel, Sven C. Nixon, Michael E. TI Modeling bending of alpha-titanium with embedded polycrystal plasticity in implicit finite elements SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Crystal plasticity; Texture; Twinning Finite element method; EBSD ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE EVOLUTION; ANISOTROPIC RESPONSE; HEXAGONAL MATERIALS; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; METALS; SIMULATION; SLIP AB An accurate description of the mechanical response of alpha-titanium requires consideration of mechanical anisotropy. In this work we adapt a polycrystal self-consistent model embedded in finite elements to simulate deformation of textured alpha-titanium under quasi-static conditions at room temperature. Monotonic tensile and compressive macroscopic stress-strain curves, electron backscattered diffraction and neutron diffraction data are used to calibrate and validate the model. We show that the model captures with great accuracy the anisotropic strain hardening and texture evolution in the material. Comparisons between predictions and experimental data allow us to elucidate the role that the different plastic deformation mechanisms play in determining microstructure and texture evolution. The polycrystal model, embedded in an implicit finite element code, is then used to simulate geometrical changes in bending experiments of alpha-titanium bars. These predictions, together with results of a macroscopic allotropic elasto-plastic model that accounts for evolving anisotropy, are compared with the experiments. Both models accurately capture the experimentally observed upward shift of the neutral axis as well as the rigidity of the material response along hard-to-deform crystallographic < c > direction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Knezevic, Marko; Lebensohn, Ricardo A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cazacu, Oana; Revil-Baudard, Benoit] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. [Proust, Gwenaelle] Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Vogel, Sven C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nixon, Michael E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Knezevic, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM knezevic@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; Revil-Baudard, Benoit/L-5576-2016 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Revil-Baudard, Benoit/0000-0001-8682-5035 FU Seaborg Institute; LANL/LDRD Program; U.S. Department of Energy; LANL's Joint DOD/DOE Munitions Technology Program FX M. Knezevic gratefully acknowledges the Seaborg Institute for the Post-Doctoral Fellowship through the LANL/LDRD Program with the U.S. Department of Energy. R.A. Lebensohn acknowledges support from LANL's Joint DOD/DOE Munitions Technology Program. The authors also acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance, of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, especially Dr. Pat Trimby for his help with the EBSD data collection. NR 34 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 564 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.037 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101AR UT WOS:000315748100017 ER PT J AU Zhang, BY Hendrickson, J Guo, JP AF Zhang, Boyang Hendrickson, Joshua Guo, Junpeng TI Multispectral near-perfect metamaterial absorbers using spatially multiplexed plasmon resonance metal square structures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE FREQUENCIES; TERAHERTZ REGIME; TOTAL ABSORPTION; BAND; LIGHT; MULTIBAND; BROAD; ANOMALIES; SURFACES; GRATINGS AB Near-perfect IR light absorption at multiple wavelengths has been experimentally demonstrated by using multiplexed metal square plasmonic resonance structures. Optical power absorption over 95% has been observed in dual-band metamaterial absorbers at two separate wavelengths, and optical power absorption over 92.5% has been observed in triple-band metamaterial absorbers at three separate wavelengths. The peak absorption wavelengths are primarily determined by the sizes of the metal squares in the multiplexed structures. Electrical field distributions in the middle of the dielectric spacer layer were calculated at the peak absorption wavelengths. It is found that the strong light absorption corresponds to local quadrupole plasmon resonance modes in the metamaterial structures. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Boyang; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-0814103]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY05COR] FX B. Zhang and J. Guo acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant NSF-0814103. J. Hendrickson would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (program manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under contract number 12RY05COR. The authors would also like to thank Jodie Shoaf for AFM measurements. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 70 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 3 BP 656 EP 662 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 099EO UT WOS:000315603400026 ER PT J AU Mathews, K AF Mathews, Kirk TI Random Sampling from the Klein-Nishina Distribution: Efficiency, Parsimony, and Speed SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Many Monte Carlo photon transport codes draw samples of the scattering cosine, and corresponding energy loss, for Compton scatter from the Klein-Nishina differential scattering cross section. We present new schemes for sampling by rejection that offer advantages in run time, parsimony in use of random numbers, and/or acceptance efficiency. These are compared with Kahn's method, which was recommended by Lux and Koblinger in 1991. We conclude with recommendations for both algorithmic and table-based approaches. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mathews, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kirk.Mathews@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 173 IS 3 BP 207 EP 221 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 098IG UT WOS:000315542100001 ER PT J AU Sabol, C Hill, K Alfriend, K Sukut, T AF Sabol, C. Hill, K. Alfriend, K. Sukut, T. TI Nonlinear effects in the correlation of tracks and covariance propagation SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Astrodynamics; Covariance propagation AB Even though there are methods for the nonlinear propagation of the covariance the propagation of the covariance in current operational programs is based on the state transition matrix of the 1st variational equations, thus it is a linear propagation. If the measurement errors are zero mean Gaussian, the orbit errors, statistically represented by the covariance, are Gaussian. When the orbit errors become too large they are no longer Gaussian and not represented by the covariance. One use of the covariance is the association of uncorrelated tracks (UCTs). A UCT is an object tracked by a space surveillance system that does not correlate to another object in the space object data base. For an object to be entered into the data base three or more tracks must be correlated. Associating UCTs is a major challenge for a space surveillance system since every object entered into the space object catalog begins as a UCT. It has been proved that if the orbit errors are Gaussian, the error ellipsoid represented by the covariance is the optimum association volume. When the time between tracks becomes large, hours or even days, the orbit errors can become large and are no longer Gaussian, and this has a negative effect on the association of UCfs. This paper further investigates the nonlinear effects on the accuracy of the covariance for use in correlation. The use of the best coordinate system and the unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for providing a more accurate covariance are investigated along with assessing how these approaches would result in the ability to correlate tracks that are further separated in time. (C) 2012 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sabol, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hill, K.] Pacific Def Solut, Kihei, HI USA. [Alfriend, K.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sukut, T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Alfriend, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM keric.hill@pacificds.com; Alfriend@tamu.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 84 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.08.023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 091VL UT WOS:000315077800007 ER PT J AU Le, HP Cambier, JL Cole, LK AF Le, Hai P. Cambier, Jean-Luc Cole, Lord K. TI GPU-based flow simulation with detailed chemical kinetics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Computational fluid dynamics; GPU; Chemical kinetics; Finite volume; Cellular detonation ID ADER SCHEMES; DYNAMICS AB The current paper reports on the implementation of a numerical solver on the Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) to model reactive gas mixtures with detailed chemical kinetics. The solver incorporates high-order finite volume methods for solving the fluid dynamical equations coupled with stiff source terms. The chemical kinetics are solved implicitly via an operator-splitting method. We explored different approaches in implementing a fast kinetics solver on the GPU. The detail of the implementation is discussed in the paper. The solver is tested with two high-order shock capturing schemes: MP5 (Suresh and Huynh, 1997) [9] and ADERWENO (Titarev and Toro, 2005)[10]. Considering only the fluid dynamics calculation, the speed-up factors obtained are 30 for the MP5 scheme and 55 for ADERWENO scheme. For the fully-coupled solver, the performance gain depended on the size of the reaction mechanism. Two different examples of chemistry were explored. The first mechanism consisted of 9 species and 38 reactions, resulting in a speed-up factor up to 35. The second, larger mechanism, consisted of 36 species and 308 reactions, resulting in a speed-up factor of up to 40. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Le, Hai P.; Cole, Lord K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cambier, Jean-Luc] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Le, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM hai.le@ucla.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 184 IS 3 BP 596 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2012.10.013 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 092MA UT WOS:000315125500017 ER PT J AU Mixon, DG Quinn, CJ Kiyavash, N Fickus, M AF Mixon, Dustin G. Quinn, Christopher J. Kiyavash, Negar Fickus, Matthew TI Fingerprinting With Equiangular Tight Frames SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Collusion attacks; digital fingerprinting; frames ID MULTIMEDIA; CODES; WATERMARKING; CAPACITY; ATTACKS; SCHEME; GAME AB Digital fingerprinting is a framework for marking media files, such as images, music, or movies, with user-specific signatures to deter illegal distribution. Multiple users can collude to produce a forgery that can potentially overcome a fingerprinting system. This paper proposes an equiangular tight frame fingerprint design which is robust to such collusion attacks. We motivate this design by considering digital fingerprinting in terms of compressed sensing. The attack is modeled as linear averaging of multiple marked copies before adding a Gaussian noise vector. The content owner can then determine guilt by exploiting correlation between each user's fingerprint and the forged copy. The worst case error probability of this detection scheme is analyzed and bounded. Simulation results demonstrate that the average-case performance is similar to the performance of orthogonal and simplex fingerprint designs, while accommodating several times as many users. C1 [Mixon, Dustin G.; Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Quinn, Christopher J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kiyavash, Negar] Univ Illinois, Dept Ind & Enterprise Syst Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Mixon, DG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dustin.mixon@afit.edu; quinn7@illinois.edu; kiyavash@illi-nois.edu; matthew.fickus@afit.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS 1042701]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA00083G004, F1ATA00183G003, FA9550-10-1-0345]; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-09-1-G033]; A. B. Krongard Fellowship; Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship [DE-FG02-97ER25308] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS 1042701, in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grants F1ATA00083G004, F1ATA00183G003, and FA9550-10-1-0345, and in part by the Naval Research Laboratory under Grant N00173-09-1-G033. D. G. Mixon was supported by the A. B. Krongard Fellowship. C. J. Quinn was supported by the Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship under Grant DE-FG02-97ER25308. This paper was presented in part at the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing and in part at the 2011 International Society for Optical Engineers Conference. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD MAR PY 2013 VL 59 IS 3 BP 1855 EP 1865 DI 10.1109/TIT.2012.2229781 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 092KQ UT WOS:000315120400040 ER PT J AU Al-Zahery, N Saunier, J Ellingson, K Parson, W Parsons, TJ Irwin, JA AF Al-Zahery, Nadia Saunier, Jessica Ellingson, Katharine Parson, Walther Parsons, Thomas J. Irwin, Jodi A. TI Characterization of mitochondrial DNA control region lineages in Iraq SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MtDNA; Variation; Arabs; Kurds; Assyrians; Mandaeans ID Y-CHROMOSOME; MTDNA AB To evaluate the utility of mtDNA control region data for the purposes of forensic DNA testing in Iraq, a sample of 182 subjects (128 Arab Muslims, 15 Kurd Muslims, 22 Assyrian Christians and 17 Mandaean Arabs) was tested. High numbers of singleton haplotypes were observed among Arabs, Kurds and Assyrians, but fewer were found in Mandaeans. High molecular diversity and low random match probabilities confirmed the value of control region data in the investigation of maternal genetic lineages among the Iraqi population. C1 [Al-Zahery, Nadia] Univ Pavia, Dept Biol & Biotechnol L Spallanzani, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Saunier, Jessica; Ellingson, Katharine; Irwin, Jodi A.] Amer Registry Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. [Saunier, Jessica; Ellingson, Katharine; Parsons, Thomas J.; Irwin, Jodi A.] Dover AFB, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover, DE USA. [Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, Walther] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA USA. RP Al-Zahery, N (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Biol & Biotechnol L Spallanzani, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM nadia.alzahery@unipv.it OI Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392 FU Institute of International Education; Fondazione Alma Mater Ticinensins; US National Institute of Justice [2005-DN-R-086]; Austrian Science Fund FWF [TR L397]; Institute of International Education fellowship FX We are deeply thankful to all donors who contributed their DNA sample to this study. We warmly thank Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti and Ornella Semino for the helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Melissa Scheible, Kimberly Andreaggi, Toni Diegoli, Bettina Zimmermann, Gabriela Huber and Alexander Rock for their help in data generation and data handling, as well as LTC Louis Finelli, Lanelle Chisolm, James Canik, Brion Smith and the American Registry of Pathology for their help in making this work possible. The opinions and assertions contained herein are solely those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as views of the US Department of Defense or the US Department of the Army. This research received support from the Institute of International Education (to N.A-Z.), Fondazione Alma Mater Ticinensins, PRIN 2009, FIRB-Futuro in Ricerca 2008 (to O.S.) the US National Institute of Justice (Interagency agreement 2005-DN-R-086) and the Austrian Science Fund FWF TR L397. N.A-Z. was supported by Institute of International Education fellowship. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-9827 J9 INT J LEGAL MED JI Int. J. Legal Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 127 IS 2 BP 373 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s00414-012-0757-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 095KZ UT WOS:000315334600013 PM 22926116 ER PT J AU Jackiewicz, J Balasubramaniam, KS AF Jackiewicz, Jason Balasubramaniam, K. S. TI SOLAR H alpha OSCILLATIONS FROM INTENSITY AND DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: filaments; prominences; Sun: flares; Sun: oscillations; techniques: image processing ID 2006 DECEMBER 6; MORETON WAVE; FILAMENT OSCILLATIONS; FLARES; ERUPTION AB Chromospheric wave activity around flares and filaments has been a research focus for years, and could provide indirect measurements of local conditions that are not otherwise accessible. One interesting observed phenomenon is oscillations in filaments, activated by distant flares and the large-scale waves they produce. Characteristics of these oscillations, such as periods, amplitudes, and lifetimes, can provide unique information about the filament. We measure oscillation properties in flares and filaments from Ha chromospheric data using a new method that provides important spatial and frequency content of the dynamics. We apply the method to two flare events where filaments are observed to oscillate and determine their properties. We find strong oscillatory signal in flaring active regions in the chromosphere over a range of frequencies. Two filaments are found to oscillate without any detectable chromospheric wave acting as an activation mechanism. We find that filaments oscillate with periods of tens of minutes, but variations are significant at small spatial scales along the filamentary region. The results suggest that there is a frequency dependence of the oscillation amplitude, as well as a spatial dependence along single filaments that is more difficult to quantify. It also appears that the strength of the oscillations does not necessarily depend on the strength of the trigger, although there are other possible effects that make this conclusion preliminary. Applications of this technique to other events and different data sets will provide important new insights into the local energy densities and magnetic fields associated with dynamic chromospheric structures. C1 [Jackiewicz, Jason] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Jackiewicz, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, POB 30001,MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jasonj@nmsu.edu FU NSF PAARE award [AST-0849986] FX We acknowledge fruitful conversations with Stuart Jefferies, Michael Kirk, Frank Hill, and R. T. James McAteer. This work was supported in part by an NSF PAARE award AST-0849986. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/15 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 090CZ UT WOS:000314957900015 ER PT J AU Lazarus, AM Pfennig, P AF Lazarus, A. M. Pfennig, P. TI The Use of Concurrent Chart Review and Its Impact on Surgical Care Improvement Project Core Measures on Inpatient Medical/Surgical Wards SO CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lazarus, A. M.; Pfennig, P.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0887-6274 J9 CLIN NURSE SPEC JI Clin. Nurse Spec. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP E54 EP E54 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 088YK UT WOS:000314873600138 ER PT J AU Perry, VL Ellis, KW AF Perry, V. L. Ellis, K. W. TI Implementing a Facility-Wide Program for Feeding Tube Placement Reassessment SO CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Perry, V. L.; Ellis, K. W.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0887-6274 J9 CLIN NURSE SPEC JI Clin. Nurse Spec. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP E19 EP E19 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 088YK UT WOS:000314873600048 ER PT J AU Perry, VL Franks, M Rasool, K AF Perry, V. L. Franks, M. Rasool, K. TI A Daily Goals Tool to Facilitate Indirect Nurse-Physician Communication During Morning Rounds on a Medical-Surgical Unit SO CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Perry, V. L.; Franks, M.; Rasool, K.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0887-6274 J9 CLIN NURSE SPEC JI Clin. Nurse Spec. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP E18 EP E18 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 088YK UT WOS:000314873600045 ER PT J AU Tubera, D Savell, K AF Tubera, D. Savell, K. TI Burn Care Program: Building Clinical Competency for Air Force Critical Care/Emergency Nursing Fellows SO CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tubera, D.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Savell, K.] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0887-6274 J9 CLIN NURSE SPEC JI Clin. Nurse Spec. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP E5 EP E6 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 088YK UT WOS:000314873600014 ER PT J AU Knopp, JS Grandhi, R Aldrin, JC Park, I AF Knopp, Jeremy S. Grandhi, Ramana Aldrin, John C. Park, Inseok TI Statistical Analysis of Eddy Current Data from Fastener Site Inspections SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE Probability of detection; Eddy current; Fastener site inspection; Bootstrap confidence intervals; Box-Cox transformation ID PROBABILITY AB Recent work on reliably detecting and characterizing cracks in multi-layer airframe structures has used modeling and simulation to extract features from raw eddy current data, and to assist in the evaluation of probability of detection (POD). This paper focuses on the statistical analysis of the data from these studies. Hit/miss, linear, and physics-inspired methods are employed to evaluate POD. The Box-Cox transformation is used as a remedy for violations of the constant variance assumption. In addition, a bootstrapping method is introduced for confidence bound calculation on a 2nd order linear model. The objective of this work is to provide on insight how different models and assumptions impact POD evaluation. C1 [Knopp, Jeremy S.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grandhi, Ramana; Park, Inseok] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10921-012-0157-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 091JN UT WOS:000315045700005 ER PT J AU Kirk, MS Balasubramaniam, KS Jackiewicz, J McNamara, BJ McAteer, RTJ AF Kirk, M. S. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Jackiewicz, J. McNamara, B. J. McAteer, R. T. J. TI An Automated Algorithm to Distinguish and Characterize Solar Flares and Associated Sequential Chromospheric Brightenings SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Chromosphere, active; Flares, dynamics AB We present a new automated algorithm to identify, track, and characterize small-scale brightening associated with solar eruptive phenomena observed in H alpha. The temporal, spatially localized changes in chromospheric intensities can be separated into two categories: flare ribbons and sequential chromospheric brightenings (SCBs). Within each category of brightening we determine the smallest resolvable locus of pixels, a kernel, and track the temporal evolution of the position and intensity of each kernel. This tracking is accomplished by isolating the eruptive features, identifying kernels, and linking detections between frames into trajectories of kernels. We fully characterize the evolving intensity and morphology of the flare ribbons by observing the tracked flare kernels in aggregate. With the location of SCB and flare kernels identified, they can easily be overlaid on complementary data sets to extract Doppler velocities and magnetic-field intensities underlying the kernels. This algorithm is adaptable to any dataset to identify and track solar features. C1 [Kirk, M. S.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.; Jackiewicz, J.; McNamara, B. J.; McAteer, R. T. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kirk, M. S.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Kirk, M. S.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Kirk, MS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mskirk@nmsu.edu; jasonj@nmsu.edu; bmcnamar@nmsu.edu; mcateer@nmsu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; New Mexico Space Grant Consortium FX The authors thank: i) USAF/AFRL Space Scholar Program, ii) NSO/AURA for the use of their Sunspot, NM facilities, iii) AFRL/RVBXS, iv) Crocker and Weeks for making their algorithm available online, and v) NMSU. This project was supported by grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and New Mexico Space Grant Consortium. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 283 IS 1 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9843-1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 090NB UT WOS:000314984700007 ER PT J AU Dodson, JC Inman, DJ AF Dodson, J. C. Inman, D. J. TI Thermal sensitivity of Lamb waves for structural health monitoring applications SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE Structural health monitoring; Guided waves; Lamb waves; Thermal variation ID ULTRASONIC GUIDED-WAVES; TEMPERATURE STABILITY; SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION; SENSORS; CRACK AB One of the drawbacks of the current Lamb wave structural health monitoring methods are the false positives due to changing environmental conditions such as temperature. To create an environmental insensitive damage detection scheme, the physics of thermal effects on Lamb waves must be understood. Dispersion and thermal sensitivity curves for an isotropic plate with thermal stress and thermally varying elastic modulus are presented. The thermal sensitivity of dispersion curves is analytically developed and validated by experimental measurements. The group velocity thermal sensitivity highlights temperature insensitive features at two critical frequencies. The thermal sensitivity gives us insight to how temperature affects Lamb wave speeds in different frequency ranges and will help those developing structural health monitoring algorithms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dodson, J. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Fuzes Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Inman, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dodson, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Fuzes Branch, 306 W Eglin Blvd,Bldg 432, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jacob.dodson@eglin.af.mil FU Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship for Service program; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0686] FX J. Dodson would like the acknowledge support from the Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship for Service program. All research was conducted at the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures located at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University while J. Dodson was pursing his graduate degree. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0686 under the guidance of Dr. David Stargel. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD MAR PY 2013 VL 53 IS 3 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.10.007 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 088YD UT WOS:000314872900008 PM 23200276 ER PT J AU Do, H Carter, C AF Do, Hyungrok Carter, Campbell TI Hydrocarbon fuel concentration measurement in reacting flows using short-gated emission spectra of laser induced plasma SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Short-gated LIBS; Fuel concentration measurement; Plasma Emission; Laser-induced breakdown; Emission Spectroscopy ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; COMBUSTION; FLAMES; AIR; MOLECULES; IGNITION; METHANE; SPARK; JET AB Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to measure hydrocarbon fuel concentration in reacting flows. Emission spectra of the plasma induced by a focused-laser beam (Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm) are correlated with hydrocarbon fuel concentration in regions upstream (reactants) and downstream (combustion products) of a flame and adjacent to the combustion reaction zone. Nitrogen (568 nm) and hydrogen (656 nm) atomic emission lines are selected to establish a correlation between the line intensities and fuel concentration. These correlations are effective in a wide range of fuel mole fraction (7-90% methane/air and 5-93% ethylene/air mixtures) and independent of flow velocity. Nevertheless, the correlation depends on gas species in the plasma. Three individual correlations for premixed methane/air, ethylene/air and combustion product gases are established. For the application of the LIBS in high-speed flows, the emission spectrum is captured employing a 10-ns time gate approximately 25 ns after initial emission of radiation (from the probe region). The 25-ns gate delay is chosen to avoid broadband thermal emission from the high-temperature plasma core and achieve high spectrum signal intensity with reasonable signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic emission lines. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Do, Hyungrok] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Do, H (reprint author), 109 Hessert Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hdo3@nd.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL at Wright Patterson Air Force Base); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work is supported by American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL at Wright Patterson Air Force Base) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Program Manager: Dr. Chiping Li). NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2013 VL 160 IS 3 BP 601 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.12.002 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 086EO UT WOS:000314666900011 ER PT J AU Pacley, S Mitchel, WC Murray, PT Anderson, D Smith, HE Beck-Millerton, E Voevodin, AA AF Pacley, S. Mitchel, W. C. Murray, P. T. Anderson, D. Smith, H. E. Beck-Millerton, E. Voevodin, A. A. TI The Role of the Nickel Catalyst and Its Chemical and Structural Evolution During Carbon Nanopearl Growth SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanopearls; nickel; catalyst; chemical vapor deposition ID NANOSPHERES; SPHERES; NANOPARTICLES AB The role of the nickel catalyst size and its chemical and structural evolution during the early stages of carbon nanopearl nucleation and growth, by chemical vapor deposition from acetylene/argon mixture, were investigated and correlated with the resulting nanopearls' morphological and structural properties. Carbon nanopearls were grown using Ni nanoparticles that were 20 nm and 100 nm in size, at a growth temperature of 850A degrees C, for the following growth times: 10 s, 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s, and 300 s. x-Ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were performed on the carbon nanopearl samples. The x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectra showed that the following chemical constituents were present during the growth of carbon nanopearls: NiO, Ni2O3, Ni3C, Ni, CO, and C (both amorphous and graphite). Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in carbon nanopearl size with larger Ni nanoparticles. Raman results concluded that the smaller catalyst resulted in a more crystalline graphitic structure. Finally, the results showed that the 20 nm Ni nanoparticles chemically reacted sooner than the 100 nm Ni nanoparticles. C1 [Pacley, S.; Mitchel, W. C.; Beck-Millerton, E.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab AFRL Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Murray, P. T.; Anderson, D.; Smith, H. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Pacley, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab AFRL Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shanee.Pacley@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 3 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s11664-012-2367-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 084HL UT WOS:000314529300010 ER PT J AU Aga, RS Telek, BA Lombardi, J Heckman, EM Bartsch, CM AF Aga, Roberto S., Jr. Telek, Brian A. Lombardi, Jack P., III Heckman, Emily M. Bartsch, Carrie M. TI Dielectric Tunability of DNA Biopolymer Films with Varying Amounts of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Chloride SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE DNA biopolymer; varactor; dielectric tunability; microwave AB Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer films are fabricated with varying amounts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA), which is a surfactant necessary to produce a DNA complex that is soluble in organic solvents. The dielectric constant (kappa) of these films at microwave frequencies as a function of applied static electric field (E (DC)) is investigated. Results show that the dependence of kappa on E (DC), which is referred to as the dielectric tunability, is influenced by the amount of CTMA in the complex. Dielectric tunability is suppressed when the amount of CTMA is insufficient and improved when more CTMA is added. However, excessive amounts of CTMA also result in a very rough film surface that causes shorting problems when used in a capacitive structure. A varactor employing a 1-mu m-thick DNA biopolymer film as the dielectric is demonstrated. Under 5 V DC bias, which generates E (DC) = 5 V/mu m, its capacitance at 15 GHz changes by 0.04 pF. This change corresponds to a relative dielectric tunability of 6.6%. A simple application of this varactor for modulation of the power transmitted through a microwave transmission line is also demonstrated. C1 [Aga, Roberto S., Jr.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Aga, Roberto S., Jr.; Lombardi, Jack P., III; Heckman, Emily M.; Bartsch, Carrie M.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Telek, Brian A.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Aga, RS (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Roberto.Aga.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 3 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1007/s11664-012-2347-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 084HL UT WOS:000314529300016 ER PT J AU Sabat, JW Palazotto, AN AF Sabat, Joseph W. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Structural performance of composite material for a slotted waveguide antenna stiffened structure under compression SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Instability; Nonlinear; Wave guide AB The Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure (SWASS) is an aircraft system that can provide the capabilities of a stiffened panel skin structure and a slotted waveguide radar antenna simultaneously. The system is designed for integration into the fuselage or wing sections of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft and would increase the system performance through the availability of increased area and decreased system weight. Elemental parts of the SWASS structure were tested in compression after preliminary testing was completed for material characterization. Testing included finite element stress and strain field characterization of seven single slot configurations, and results showed the longitudinal 90 degrees slot was the best structural slot by about 30% in terms of maximum von Mises stress. Single waveguides were tested in the non-slotted configuration and a configuration including a five longitudinal slot array in one waveguide wall. The slot array, compared with the unslotted configuration, was determined to have a decrease in nonlinear limit load of 8% using the finite element simulations and 14% using the experimental results and showed good comparisons overall. All waveguides showed the characteristics of local wall buckling with no overall beam buckling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu FU Advanced Structures Division of the Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Labs FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Advanced Structures Division of the Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Labs for their support and guidance in this project. Jim Tuss, Bill Baron, and many others provided financial support, concept guidance, and endless help during the project. Their efforts were crucial to the completion of the research. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 97 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.057 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 077BM UT WOS:000314002900019 ER PT J AU Ryan, ET Jacques, DR Colombi, JM AF Ryan, Erin T. Jacques, David R. Colombi, John M. TI An ontological framework for clarifying flexibility-related terminology via literature survey SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flexibility; adaptability; robustness; agility; versatility; ontology; definitions ID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; SYSTEM-DESIGN; ADAPTABILITY; ROBUSTNESS AB Despite its ubiquity in the systems engineering literature, flexibility remains an ambiguous concept. There exist a multitude of definitions, which vary not only by domain, but within domains as well. Furthermore, these definitions often conflict with one another, making it difficult to discern the intended meaning in a given study or to form generalizations across studies. Complicating matters, there is a plethora of related terminology that is often used carelessly and/or inter-changeably with flexibility. In this paper, we employ a novel ontological framework for clarifying salient aspects of extant flexibility-related terminology. While it was not possible to distill consensus definitions from the literature, we did identify certain dominant characteristics that enabled us to formulate a set of democratic definitions for flexibility, adaptability, and robustness, as well as recommended definitions for agility and versatility. We believe that the proposed definitions of these key system design principles may provide a baseline for improving analysis and communication among systems engineering practitioners and academics. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16: C1 [Ryan, Erin T.; Jacques, David R.; Colombi, John M.] USAF, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, ET (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erin.ryan@afit.edu; david.jacques@afit.edu; john.colombi@afit.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1098-1241 EI 1520-6858 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1002/sys.21222 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 076VT UT WOS:000313987700007 ER PT J AU Mckinley, RA Tripp, LD Fullerton, KL Goodyear, C AF Mckinley, R. Andrew Tripp, Lloyd D., Jr. Fullerton, Kathy L. Goodyear, Chuck TI Sustained Acceleration on Perception of Relative Position and Motion SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration; high G; relative motion; cognitive performance ID VISUAL AREA; PATHWAYS; SEPARATE; DIRECTION; NEURONS AB Introduction: Air-to-air refueling, formation flying, and projectile countermeasures all rely on a pilot's ability to be aware of his position and motion relative to another object. Methods: Eight subjects participated in the study, all members of the sustained acceleration stress panel at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. The task consisted of the subject performing a two-dimensional join up task between a KC-135 tanker and an F-16. The objective was to guide the nose of the F-16 to the posterior end of the boom extended from the tanker, and hold this position for 2 s. If the F-16 went past the tanker, or misaligned with the tanker, it would be recorded as an error. These tasks were performed during four G, acceleration profiles starting from a baseline acceleration of 1.5 G(z). The plateaus were 3, 5, and 7 G. The final acceleration exposure was a simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM). Results: One subject was an outlier and therefore omitted from analysis. The mean capture time and percent error data were recorded and compared separately. There was a significant difference in error percentage change from baseline among the Gz profiles, but not capture time. Mean errors were approximately 15% higher in the 7 G profile and 10% higher during the SACM. Discussion: This experiment suggests that the ability to accurately perceive the motion of objects relative to other objects is impeded at acceleration levels of 7 G, or higher. C1 [Mckinley, R. Andrew; Tripp, Lloyd D., Jr.; Fullerton, Kathy L.; Goodyear, Chuck] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mckinley, RA (reprint author), 2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mckkinley@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3369.2013 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AD1LP UT WOS:000332995800002 PM 23513278 ER PT J AU Vernon, JP Serak, SV Hakobyan, RS Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF Vernon, Jonathan P. Serak, Svetlana V. Hakobyan, Rafael S. Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Generation of Light Scattering States in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals by Optically Controlled Boundary Conditions SO CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE photoisomerization; azobenzene; liquid crystal; patterning; texture; stimuli-responsive materials; photoalignment; switchable photonic bandgaps; displays AB Circularly polarized light was previously employed to stimulate the reversible and reconfigurable writing of scattering states in cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) cells constructed with a photosensitive layer. Such dynamic photodriven responses have utility in remotely triggering changes in optical constructs responsive to optical stimulus and applications where complex spatial patterning is required. Writing of scattering regions required the handedness of incoming radiation to match the handedness of the CLC and the reflection bandwidth of the CLC to envelop the wavelength of the incoming radiation. In this paper, the mechanism of transforming the CLC into a light scattering state via the influence of light on the photosensitive alignment layer is detailed. Specifically, the effects of: (i) the polarization state of light on the photosensitive alignment layer; (ii) the exposure time; and (iii) the incidence angle of radiation on domain formation are reported. The photogenerated light-scattering domains are shown to be similar in appearance between crossed polarizers to a defect structure that occurs at a CLC/air interface (i.e., a free CLC surface). This observation provides strong indication that exposure of the photosensitive alignment layer to the circularly polarized light of appropriate wavelength and handedness generates an out-of-plane orientation leading to a periodic distortion of the original planar structure. C1 [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Serak, Svetlana V.; Hakobyan, Rafael S.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.vernon@wpafb.af.mil; svetlana@beamco.com; rhakob@beamco.com; vincent.tondiglia.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil; nelson@beamco.com; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors are thankful to Deng-Ke Yang and Michael E. McConney for helpful discussions. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4352 J9 CRYSTALS JI Crystals PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.3390/cryst3010234 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA V38KF UT WOS:000209341600013 ER PT J AU Hardman, N Jacques, D Colombi, J Hill, RR Miller, J AF Hardman, Nicholas Jacques, David Colombi, John Hill, Raymond R. Miller, Janet TI Requirements Elicitation Through Legacy Mishap Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS; HUMAN ERROR; CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; PILOT ERROR; HFACS AB The archives of mishap-investigation reports provide a large database of documented system failures. A method is presented that studies human error in these mishaps and quantitatively predicts focus areas for new system development. Even very novel systems have similarities, either in structure or operation, to legacy systems. Knowing what design-induced errors have plagued past human-machine interactions can guide new system requirements generation. This method is demonstrated through its application for a next-generation military unmanned aerial system. For this, the last five years of U.S. Air Force aircraft mishaps are studied using the human factors analysis and classification system and mapped to the domains of human systems integration. C1 [Hardman, Nicholas] US Air Force Acad, Div Engn, Syst Engn Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jacques, David; Colombi, John; Hill, Raymond R.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Jacques, David; Colombi, John] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Miller, Janet] Human Effectiveness Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardman, N (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Div Engn, Syst Engn Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM nicholas.hardman@usafa.edu FU 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force FX This work was supported in part by the 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.2514/1.47879 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AB2FK UT WOS:000331608400001 ER PT J AU Vera, GA Ardalan, S Yao, XY Avery, K AF Vera, G. Alonzo Ardalan, Sasan Yao, Xiaoyin Avery, Keith TI Fast Local Scrubbing for Field-Programmable Gate Array's Configuration Memory SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Memory scrubbing is used to mitigate single event upsets on susceptible devices. In the case of field-programmable gate arrays, configuration memory scrubbing is generally used in conjunction with triple modular redundancy to increase reliability in spaceborne applications. Current solutions require a subsystem able to read and write from the configuration memory and retrieve a safely stored golden bitstream for scrubbing whenever an error is detected. An alternative to this solution is to implement error detection and correction codes. These codes usually require redundant information to be embedded within the data that are being protected. This is particularly difficult in the case of a configuration bitstream, which is automatically created by CAD tools. In this paper, we present an alternative error correction and detection solution that overcomes such difficulties and allows fast, local scrubbing without the need to store a golden bitstream somewhere safe. This solution is a processing peripheral tied to a scrubber, labeled Femto, currently implemented in a radiation-hardened by design structured application-specific integrated circuit. C1 [Vera, G. Alonzo] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Ardalan, Sasan; Yao, Xiaoyin] Microelect Res & Dev Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. [Avery, Keith] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Vera, GA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-09-C-0172] FX The project described in this paper has been funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under grant FA9453-09-C-0172. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.2514/1.54972 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AB2FK UT WOS:000331608400004 ER PT J AU Pruett, BD AF Pruett, Billy D. TI Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): A Weapon Missing From the US Department of Defense's Vector Control Arsenal SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Dept FEEG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pruett, BD (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Dept FEEG, 2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 178 IS 3 BP 243 EP 245 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00305 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TX UT WOS:000340805000002 PM 23707108 ER PT J AU Aaron, CL Fotinos, MJ West, KB Goodwin, DJ Mancuso, JD AF Aaron, Christopher L. Fotinos, Meletios J. West, Kevin B. Goodwin, Donald J. Mancuso, James D. TI Tuberculosis Among Nonimmigrant Visitors to US Military Installations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES AB Background: Nonimmigrant visitors are not required to be evaluated for tuberculosis (TB) before entering the country. Little literature exists describing the challenges of TB control among this demographic. This report reviews the challenges in managing TB in this population on U.S. military installations. Methods: Six cases were identified from reportable medical event reports. Information was obtained from public health personnel via phone interviews. Verified cases from 2004 to 2011 were included. Results: Challenges were congruent among locations including: lack of procedures to screen for infection and disease among individuals at time of entry allowing one case to be admitted with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and another concurrently on treatment for active TB; delays in the diagnosis of active TB as median time from entry to diagnosis was 62 days; and the need to conduct an effective contact investigation as the mean contact index was 77 including 1 secondary case of active TB. Conclusions: These cases emphasize the, need for screening for TB in visitors from high-risk countries at time of entry, prompt diagnosis and treatment if found, procedures for evaluation of contacts, and interjurisdictional cooperation in large contact investigations. These challenges are common to nonimmigrants in both military and civilian settings. C1 [Aaron, Christopher L.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Prevent Med Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fotinos, Meletios J.] Global Hlth Engagement Branch AFMSA SGXI, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [West, Kevin B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Reid Clin, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Goodwin, Donald J.] USAF Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mancuso, James D.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Prevent Med Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Aaron, CL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Prevent Med Branch, 2460 Linden Lane,Bldg 509,Off 110, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU Preventive Medicine Residency [11]; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland FX This study was funded by Preventive Medicine Residency, Program 11, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 178 IS 3 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00297 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TX UT WOS:000340805000018 PM 23707124 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL AF Pilchak, Adam L. TI Fatigue crack growth rates in alpha titanium: Faceted vs. striation growth SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Titanium; Fatigue; Fractography; Crack growth; Dwell ID LOADING WAVE-FORM; ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; FRACTURE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FRACTOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION; TEXTURE; TIME AB Cyclic and dwell fatigue crack growth (FCG) rates were measured in single-phase Ti-7Al (wt.%) directly from fractured samples. A quantitative method using stereo pairs was used to eliminate the uncertainty associated with these measurements on two-dimensional projections of the three-dimensional fracture features. The results show that FCG rates increased by up to two orders of magnitude under dwell fatigue loading conditions when propagating by the faceted mechanism compared to the classical striation growth mechanism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was performed as part of the inhouse research activities of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The support and encouragement of the program manager, Dr. Ali Sayir, and the AFRL management are gratefully acknowledged. The author is also grateful to Dr. M.C. Brandes for providing the fractured samples used in this work and to J.C. Mossing for assistance with fractography. Prof. J.C. Williams is acknowledged for many insightful discussions on fatigue of titanium alloys. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 68 IS 5 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.10.041 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 077EZ UT WOS:000314012000014 ER PT J AU Chiappe, D Conger, M Liao, J Caldwell, JL Vu, KPL AF Chiappe, Dan Conger, Mark Liao, Janet Caldwell, J. Lynn Vu, Kim-Phuong L. TI Improving multi-tasking ability through action videogames SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Multi-tasking; Videogame training; Attention ID SITUATION AWARENESS; SPATIAL COGNITION; TASK; ATTENTION; MEMORY; SYSTEM; IMPACT; SKILL; GAMES AB The present study examined whether action videogames can improve multi-tasking in high workload environments. Two groups with no action videogame experience were pre-tested using the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB). It consists of two primary tasks; tracking and fuel management, and two secondary tasks; systems monitoring and communication. One group served as a control group, while a second played action videogames a minimum of 5 h a week for 10 weeks. Both groups returned for a post-assessment on the MATS. We found the videogame treatment enhanced performance on secondary tasks, without interfering with the primary tasks. Our results demonstrate action videogames can increase people's ability to take on additional tasks by increasing attentional capacity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiappe, Dan; Liao, Janet; Vu, Kim-Phuong L.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Conger, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Caldwell, J. Lynn] Northrop Grumman Corp, Adv Programs & Technol, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Chiappe, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, 1250 N Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM dan.chiappe@csulb.edu FU Northrop Grumman Corporation FX This research was funded by Northrop Grumman Corporation. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44 IS 2 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.08.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 038MP UT WOS:000311179100014 PM 22981314 ER PT J AU Park, K Drummy, LF Wadams, RC Koerner, H Nepal, D Fabris, L Vaia, RA AF Park, Kyoungweon Drummy, Lawrence F. Wadams, Robert C. Koerner, Hilmar Nepal, Dhriti Fabris, Laura Vaia, Richard A. TI Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gold nanorods; growth mechanism; seed-mediated growth; surface reconstruction ID SURFACE; ADSORPTION; RECONSTRUCTION; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACE; RESONANCE; KINETICS; PLASMONS; CLUSTERS; FACETS AB Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are the archetype of a nanoantenna, enabling the directional capture, routing, and concentration of electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale. Solution-based synthesis methods afford advantages relative to top-down fabrication but are challenged by insufficient precision of structure, presence of byproducts, limited tunability of architecture, and device integration. This is due in part to an inadequate understanding of the early stages of Au NR growth. Here, using phase transfer via ligand exchange with monothiolated polystyrene, we experimentally demonstrate the complete evolution of seed-mediated Au NR growth in hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. Au NR size and shape progress from slender spherocylinders at short reaction times to rods with a dumbbell profile, flattened end facets, and octagonal prismatic structures at later stages. These evolve from a single mechanism and reflect the majority of reported Au NR morphologies, albeit reflecting different stages. Additionally, the fraction of nonrod impurities in a reaction is related to the initial distribution of the structure of the seed particles. Overall, the observations of early and intermediate stage growth are consistent with the formation of a surfactant bilayer on different crystal facets at different growth stages due to a fine balance between kinetic and thermodynamic factors. C1 [Park, Kyoungweon; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Koerner, Hilmar; Nepal, Dhriti; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon; Koerner, Hilmar] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wadams, Robert C.; Fabris, Laura] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We would like to thank Dr. Alexander Hexemer and Dr. Eric Schaible for guidance, setup and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at Advanced Light Source/Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 46 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 13 U2 228 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 26 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1021/cm303659q PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 099JY UT WOS:000315618500007 ER PT J AU Ku, Z Jang, WY Zhou, JF Kim, JO Barve, AV Silva, S Krishna, S Brueck, SRJ Nelson, R Urbas, A Kang, S Lee, SJ AF Ku, Zahyun Jang, Woo-Yong Zhou, Jiangfeng Kim, Jun Oh Barve, Ajit V. Silva, Sinhara Krishna, Sanjay Brueck, S. R. J. Nelson, Robert Urbas, Augustine Kang, Sangwoo Lee, Sang Jun TI Analysis of subwavelength metal hole array structure for the enhancement of back-illuminated quantum dot infrared photodetectors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; WELL AB This paper is focused on analyzing the impact of a two-dimensional metal hole array structure integrated to the back-illuminated quantum dots-in-a-well (DWELL) infrared photodetectors. The metal hole array consisting of subwavelength-circular holes penetrating gold layer (2D-Au-CHA) provides the enhanced responsivity of DWELL infrared photodetector at certain wavelengths. The performance of 2D-Au-CHA is investigated by calculating the absorption of active layer in the DWELL structure using a finite integration technique. Simulation results show that the performance of the DWELL focal plane array (FPA) is improved by enhancing the coupling to active layer via local field engineering resulting from a surface plasmon polariton mode and a guided Fabry-Perot mode. Simulation method accomplished in this paper provides a generalized approach to optimize the design of any type of couplers integrated to infrared photodetectors. Experimental results demonstrate the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio by the 2D-Au-CHA integrated FPA as compared to the DWELL FPA. A comparison between the experiment and the simulation shows a good agreement. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Ku, Zahyun; Nelson, Robert; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jang, Woo-Yong; Kim, Jun Oh; Barve, Ajit V.; Krishna, Sanjay; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Zhou, Jiangfeng; Silva, Sinhara] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kang, Sangwoo] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Ind Metrol, Taejon 305340, South Korea. RP Ku, Z (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sjlee@kriss.re.kr RI Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 FU Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science [JP2012-0001]; AFRL [FA9453-12-1-0131] FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science under the project "Study of infrared surface plasmon resonance for optical enhancement and wavelength tuning", grant JP2012-0001. We also acknowledge AFRL contract FA9453-12-1-0131. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 54 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 4 BP 4709 EP 4716 DI 10.1364/OE.21.004709 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KU UT WOS:000315992600076 PM 23482003 ER PT J AU dos Reis, R Ophus, C Jimenez, J Snure, M Gerard, B Liliental-Weber, Z AF dos Reis, R. Ophus, C. Jimenez, J. Snure, M. Gerard, B. Liliental-Weber, Z. TI Direct atomic imaging of antiphase boundaries and orthotwins in orientation-patterned GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL POLARITY; FILMS; MICROSCOPE; CONVERSION; EPITAXY AB We use transmission electron microscopy to study orientation-patterned GaAs layers very attractive for applications in terahertz and infrared frequency conversion devices. We observe regularly distributed inversion domains separated by inversion boundaries, together with undesirable microtwin defects originating at these boundaries. Atomic resolution aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy allowed us to resolve the GaAs dumbbells leading to a direct determination of the growth polarity of particular domains and determination of the alternating Ga-Ga and As-As bonds at the {110}-type antiphase boundary planes. We also determined observed microtwins as rotation twins called orthotwins, the defect that can cause optical losses. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793651] C1 [dos Reis, R.; Liliental-Weber, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ophus, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jimenez, J.] Univ Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. [Snure, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gerard, B.] III V Lab 1, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. RP dos Reis, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ophus, Colin/H-2350-2013; dos Reis, Roberto/E-9486-2012; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI dos Reis, Roberto/0000-0002-6011-6078; Ophus, Colin/0000-0003-2348-8558 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors appreciate the use of the TEM facility at the National Center for Electron Microscopy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 8 AR 081905 DI 10.1063/1.4793651 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CN UT WOS:000315597000037 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Varshney, V Gengler, JJ Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Smith, TM Shamberger, PJ Qiu, B Ruan, X Roy, AK Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Varshney, V. Gengler, J. J. Hu, J. J. Bultman, J. E. Smith, T. M. Shamberger, P. J. Qiu, B. Ruan, X. Roy, A. K. Voevodin, A. A. TI Cross-plane thermal properties of transition metal dichalcogenides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE; MOS2; CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; GROWTH AB In this work, we explore the thermal properties of hexagonal transition metal dichalcogenide compounds with different average atomic masses but equivalent microstructures. Thermal conductivity values of sputtered thin films were compared to bulk crystals. The comparison revealed a > 10 fold reduction in thin film thermal conductivity. Structural analysis of the films revealed a turbostratic structure with domain sizes on the order of 5-10 nm. Estimates of phonon scattering lengths at domain boundaries based on computationally derived group velocities were consistent with the observed film microstructure, and accounted for the reduction in thermal conductivity compared to values for bulk crystals. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793203] C1 [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Muratore, C.; Varshney, V.; Gengler, J. J.; Hu, J. J.; Bultman, J. E.; Shamberger, P. J.; Roy, A. K.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, V.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gengler, J. J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hu, J. J.; Bultman, J. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Smith, T. M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Qiu, B.; Ruan, X.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Qiu, B.; Ruan, X.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM christophermuratore@hotmail.com RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Ruan, Xiulin/C-6166-2009; Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Ruan, Xiulin/0000-0001-7611-7449; Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful for funding from the Thermal Sciences Program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support of this work. X.R. was sponsored by an Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Fellowship. C.M. would like to thank Professor Tim Fisher at Purdue and Professor David Cahill at UIUC for insightful discussions and guidance. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 83 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 8 AR 081604 DI 10.1063/1.4793203 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CN UT WOS:000315597000029 ER PT J AU Stone, DS Harbin, S Mohseni, H Mogonye, JE Scharf, TW Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Martini, A Aouadi, SM AF Stone, D. S. Harbin, S. Mohseni, H. Mogonye, J. -E. Scharf, T. W. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Martini, A. Aouadi, S. M. TI Lubricious silver tantalate films for extreme temperature applications SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribology; Friction; Chameleon coating; Tantalum nitride; Silver tantalate ID THIN-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; OXIDE; TRANSPORT; LUBRICANT; SULFUR; AGTAO3 AB Silver tantalate was investigated as a potential lubricious material for moving assemblies in high temperature tribological applications. Three different approaches were explored for the creation of such materials on Inconel substrates: (1) powders produced using a solid state which were burnished on the surface; (2) monolithic silver tantalate thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering; and, (3) an adaptive tantalum nitride/silver nanocomposite sputter-deposited coating that forms a lubricious silver tantalate oxide on its surface when operated at elevated temperatures. Dry sliding wear tests of the coatings against Si3N4 counterfaces revealed friction coefficients in the 0.06-0.15 range at T similar to 750 degrees C. Reduced friction coefficients were found in nanocomposite materials that contained primarily a AgTaO3 phase with a small amount of segregated Ag phase, as suggested by structural characterization using X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy techniques determined that the reduced coefficient of friction at T similar to 750 degrees C was primarily the result of the formation of a lubricious AgTaO3 phase that reconstructs during the wear process into a mechanically mixed layer of AgTaO3, Ta2O5, and Ag nanoparticles. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stone, D. S.; Harbin, S.; Aouadi, S. M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Mohseni, H.; Mogonye, J. -E.; Scharf, T. W.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martini, A.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI Mohseni, Hamidreza/D-9218-2013; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Mohseni, Hamidreza/0000-0002-6067-9428; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [W911NF-08-1-0460]; National Science Foundation [0653986, 0959568] FX This research is also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (award no. W911NF-08-1-0460) and by the National Science Foundation (award nos. 0653986 and 0959568). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 217 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.12.004 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 104EU UT WOS:000315975400020 ER PT J AU Herweg, J Kerekes, J Eismann, M AF Herweg, Jared Kerekes, John Eismann, Michael TI Separability between pedestrians in hyperspectral imagery SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The popularity of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in remote sensing continues to lead to it being adapted in novel ways to overcome challenging imaging problems. This paper reports on research efforts exploring the phenomenology of using HSI as an aid in detecting and tracking human pedestrians. An assessment of the likelihood of distinguishing between pedestrians based on the measured spectral reflectance of observable materials and the presence of noise is presented. The assessments included looking at the spectral separation between pedestrian material subregions using different spectral-reflectance regions within the full range (450-2500 nm), as well as when the spectral content of the pedestrian subregions are combined. In addition to the pedestrian spectral-reflectance data analysis, the separability of pedestrian subregions in remotely sensed hyperspectral images was assessed using a unique data set garnered as part of this work. Results indicated that skin was the least distinguishable material between pedestrians using the spectral Euclidean distance metric. The clothing, especially the shirt, offered the most salient feature for distinguishing the pedestrian. Additionally, significant spectral separability performance is realized when combining the reflectance information of two or more subregions. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Herweg, Jared] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Herweg, Jared; Kerekes, John] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Eismann, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Herweg, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jxh6389@cis.rit.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1330 EP 1338 DI 10.1364/AO.52.001330 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 094TM UT WOS:000315286700029 PM 23435007 ER PT J AU Afrooz, ARMN Khan, IA Hussain, SM Saleh, NB AF Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul Khan, Iftheker A. Hussain, Saber M. Saleh, Navid B. TI Mechanistic Heteroaggregation of Gold Nanoparticles in a Wide Range of Solution Chemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) BRUSHES; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; AGGREGATION KINETICS; POLYSTYRENE LATEX; RATE CONSTANTS; HUMIC-ACID; DISPERSIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Heteroaggregation behavior of gold nanospheres (AuNS) in presence of pluronic acid (PA) modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (PA-SWNTs) was systematically studied for a wide range of mono- and divalent (NaCl and CaCl2) electrolyte conditions. Homoaggregation rates of AuNS were also determined to delineate heteroaggregation mechanisms. Time resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to monitor aggregation. The homoaggregation of AuNS showed classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) type behavior with defined reaction limited (RLCA) and diffusion limited (DLCA) aggregation regimes. PA-SWNTs homoaggregation on the one hand showed no response with electrolyte increase. AuNS heteroaggregation rates on the other hand, showed regime dependent response. At low electrolyte or RLCA regime, AuNS heteroaggregation showed significantly slower rates, compared to its homoaggregation behavior; whereas enhanced heteroaggregation was observed for DLCA regime. The key mechanisms of heteroaggregation of AuNS are identified as obstruction to collision at RLCA regime and facilitating enhanced attachment at DLCA regime manifested by the presence of PA-SWNTs. Presence of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) showed aggregation enhancement for both homo- and hetero-systems, in presence of divalent Ca2+ ions. Bridging between SRHA molecules is identified as the key mechanism for increased aggregation rate. The findings of this study are relevant particularly to coexistence of engineered nanomaterials. The strategy of using nonaggregating PA-SWNTs is a novel experimental strategy that can be adopted elsewhere to further the heteroaggregation studies for a wider set of particles and surface coatings. C1 [Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul; Khan, Iftheker A.; Saleh, Navid B.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Saleh, NB (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM salehn@engr.sc.edu OI Khan, Iftheker/0000-0001-7771-5635 FU US Air Force Research Lab [FA 8650-10-2-6062] FX Funding was provided by the US Air Force Research Lab (Award# FA 8650-10-2-6062). We are grateful to Dr. Haijun Qian of Clemson Microscopy Center for his kind assistance in TEM imaging. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1853 EP 1860 DI 10.1021/es3032709 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095IA UT WOS:000315326700010 PM 23360522 ER PT J AU Mao, XY Sun, H Wang, W Chen, XB Lu, YL AF Mao, Xiangyu Sun, Hui Wang, Wei Chen, Xiaobing Lu, Yalin TI Ferromagnetic, ferroelectric properties, and magneto-dielectric effect of Bi4.25La0.75Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH TITANATE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILMS; BI4TI3O12; BI5FETI3O15; BIFEO3 AB Multiferroic properties of four-layered Bi4.25La0.75Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics were carefully investigated. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that the as-prepared sample is almost free from secondary phases, and magnetization measurements confirm a ferromagnetic transition similar to 483 K. At room temperature (RT), the sample shows a typical ferromagnetism with a remnant magnetization (2M(r)) of similar to 51.2 m emu/g, and a good ferroelectric hysteresis with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of similar to 15.4 mu C/cm(2). More importantly, an obvious magneto-dielectric (MD) effect has been found under a low magnetic field of 1 T at RT with a maximum of magneto-dielectric constant of similar to 10.5%. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793305] C1 [Mao, Xiangyu; Sun, Hui; Wang, Wei; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. [Sun, Hui] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing Natl Lab Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM xbchen@yzu.edu.cn RI Sun, Hui/L-2826-2015 FU Chinese National Science Foundation [51072177]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB22001] FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation (Grant No. 51072177) and partial appreciation will be given to by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB22001). NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 105 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 7 AR 072904 DI 10.1063/1.4793305 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CK UT WOS:000315596700052 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Wang, JS AF Ullrich, B. Wang, J. S. TI All-optical tuning of the Stokes shift in PbS quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; STATE AB The Stokes shift of colloidal 4.7 nm PbS quantum dots was measured between 5 and 300 K at incrementally increasing continuous laser intensities. The results demonstrate Stokes shift tuning by optical means only at stable given temperatures due to optically enforced electronic state alteration in the quantum dots. The tuning phenomenon is perfectly fit by a semi-empirical model, which provides a design tool for the chromaticity of quantum dots at different optical pump intensities. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793413] C1 [Ullrich, B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Wang, J. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM bruno@fis.unam.mx NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 7 AR 071905 DI 10.1063/1.4793413 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CK UT WOS:000315596700017 ER PT J AU Zherebtsov, SV Murzinova, MA Klimova, MV Salishchev, GA Popov, AA Semiatin, SL AF Zherebtsov, S. V. Murzinova, M. A. Klimova, M. V. Salishchev, G. A. Popov, A. A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure evolution during warm working of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe at 600 and 800 degrees C SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Thermomechanical processing; Microstructure refinement; Speroidization; Precipitation ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; COARSENING BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION CLASS; HEAT-TREATMENT; HOT-WORKING; TI-6AL-4V; DEFORMATION; GLOBULARIZATION; FLOW AB Microstructure evolution during compression to the true height strain 0.29, 0.69, or 1.2 at 600 and 800 C of the beta-rich titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (VT22) with an initial lamellar microstructure was established using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that microstructure evolution at both temperatures was controlled primarily by substructure evolution within the beta phase. At 800 degrees C, extensive recovery within the beta phase resulted in the formation of a stable structure comprising subgrains similar to 1.5 mu m in diameter. During deformation at this temperature, lamellae of the alpha phase fragmented via a boundary-grooving mechanism. Due to the sluggish diffusion kinetics, however, spheroidization at 800 degrees C was incomplete. At the lower processing temperature, recovery processes within the beta phase were much slower, leading to greater refinement of the beta matrix. The decomposition of the metastable beta phase during warm working, gave rise to very fine alpha-lath precipitates, which resulted in the formation of an ultrafine microstructure with a grain size of 0.5 mu m. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zherebtsov, S. V.; Klimova, M. V.; Salishchev, G. A.] Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Murzinova, M. A.] Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Popov, A. A.] Ural Fed Univ, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zherebtsov, SV (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Pobeda 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM ser_z@mail.ru RI Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; Popov, Artemiy/G-3947-2016; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; Popov, Artemiy/0000-0001-6171-1701; Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; FU Federal Agency for Education, Russia [14.A18.21.1637] FX This work was supported by the Federal Agency for Education, Russia; Grant #14.A18.21.1637. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 563 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.042 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 091PT UT WOS:000315063000024 ER PT J AU Sukeshini, AM Meisenkothen, F Gardner, P Reitz, TL AF Sukeshini, Mary A. Meisenkothen, Frederick Gardner, Paul Reitz, Thomas L. TI Aerosol Jet (R) Printing of functionally graded SOFC anode interlayer and microstructural investigation by low voltage scanning electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Solid oxide fuel cell; Functionally graded anode interlayer; Aerosol jet printing; Low voltage scanning electron microscopy; Microstructure ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; THIN-FILM; LAYERS; TECHNOLOGY; CATHODE; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; CERMETS; DEVICE AB Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and functionally graded anode interlayers with compositional variation were deposited by Aerosol Jet (R) Printing (AJP) using ink suspensions of NiO and YSZ. The AJP system's dual atomizer configuration that allows on-demand material mixing was used to deposit the graded composite anode interlayer. These layers together with an LSM (strontium doped lanthanum manganite) based pasted cathode layer were integrated in an anode supported SOFC button cell. Cells with graded anode interlayers performed better than cells with a non-graded anode interlayer. The enhancement in electrochemical performance can be attributed to the compositional gradation. The current printing method of fabricating SOFC layers shows clear advantages of high reproducibility. In routine SEM (scanning electron microscopy) evaluation of microstructures, acceleration voltages typically used are 10-20 kV. Due to the similar backscattering coefficients of YSZ and Ni, it is difficult to clearly distinguish between the two phases in the image. In this work, low accelerating voltages (<5 kV) were used to introduce a divergence of the YSZ and Ni backscatter coefficients to investigate the composite layers printed. The backscattering mechanism for image contrast was confirmed and clarified by specially designed SEM experiments that isolated BSE (back scattered electrons) from SE (secondary electrons). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sukeshini, Mary A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Meisenkothen, Frederick] UES Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sukeshini, Mary A.; Gardner, Paul; Reitz, Thomas L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sukeshini, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM mary.ayyadurai.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Optomec Inc.; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors are greatly appreciative for the assistance of Dr. David Joy of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory for his helpful discussions in regards to understanding low-voltage contrast mechanisms and image interpretation. Credit is also due to the staff of the Air Force research laboratory Materials Characterization Facility for making the specimen preparations for imaging described in this work. Mr. Thomas Jenkins' assistance with cell testing is acknowledged. The author, MSA acknowledges Optomec Inc., and the Air Force Research Laboratory for the funding, and Dr. Ryan Miller, AFRL for the facilities and related help. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 224 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.094 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 068TZ UT WOS:000313390400040 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, LA Petersen, ER Leary, DH Nadeau, LJ Soto, CM Ray, RI Little, BJ Ringeisen, BR Johnson, GR Vora, GJ Biffinger, JC AF Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Petersen, Emily R. Leary, Dagmar H. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Soto, Carissa M. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Johnson, Glenn R. Vora, Gary J. Biffinger, Justin C. TI Shewanella frigidimarina microbial fuel cells and the influence of divalent cations on current output SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors / Summer School on Printed Biosensors and Electronics CY MAY 15-18, 2012 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Elsevier, Linkoping Univ, Erkon DE Shewanella frigidimarina; Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; Microbial fuel cell; Extracellular electron transfer ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; SOLUBLE CYTOCHROMES; STATISTICAL-MODEL; REDUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTRICITY; GEOBACTER; MTRC AB The genes involved in the proposed pathway for Shewanella extracellular electron transfer (EET) are highly conserved. While extensive studies involving EET from a fresh water Shewanella microbe (S. oneidensis MR-1) to soluble and insoluble electron acceptors have been published, only a few reports have examined EET from marine strains of Shewanella. Thus, Shewanella frigidimarina (an isolate from Antarctic Sea ice) was used within miniature microbial fuel cells (mini-MFC) to evaluate potential power output. During the course of this study several distinct differences were observed between S. oneidensis MR-1 and S. frigidimarina under comparable conditions. The maximum power density with S. frigidimarina was observed when the anolyte was half-strength marine broth (1/2 MB) (0.28 mu W/cm(2)) compared to Luria-Bertani (LB) (0.07 mu W/cm(2)) or a defined growth minimal medium (MM) (0.02 mu W/cm(2)). The systematic modification of S. frigidimarina cultured in 1/2 MB and LB with divalent cations shows that a maximum current output can be generated independent of internal ionic ohmic losses and the presence of external mediators. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Biffinger, Justin C.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Leary, Dagmar H.] NRL, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall Afb, FL 32403 USA. [Soto, Carissa M.; Vora, Gary J.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 EI 1873-4235 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 SI SI BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.039 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061CX UT WOS:000312825800017 PM 22796023 ER PT J AU Qin, GK Dennis, PB Zhang, YJ Hu, X Bressner, JE Sun, ZY Crookes-Goodson, WJ Naik, RR Omenetto, FG Kaplan, DL AF Qin, Guokui Dennis, Patrick B. Zhang, Yuji Hu, Xiao Bressner, Jason E. Sun, Zhongyuan Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Naik, Rajesh R. Omenetto, Fiorenzo G. Kaplan, David L. TI Recombinant reflectin-based optical materials SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE optics; reflectin; self-assembly; structural coloration; thin films ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL COLORATION; SQUID; SPECTROSCOPY; IRIDESCENCE; IRIDOPHORES; CEPHALOPODS; MECHANISMS; FILMS; SKIN AB Reflectins are a unique group of structural proteins involved in dynamic optical systems in cephalopods that modulate incident light or bioluminescence. We describe cloning, structural characterization, and optical properties of a reflectin-based domain, refCBA, from reflectin 1a of Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. Thin films created from the recombinant protein refCBA display interesting optical features when the recombinant protein is appropriately organized. RefCBA was cloned and expressed as a soluble protein enabling purification, with little structural organization found using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Single-layer and multi-layer thin films of refCBA were then produced by flow coating and spin coating, and displayed colors due to thin film interference. Diffraction experiments showed the assemblies were ordered enough to work as diffraction gratings to generate diffraction patterns. Nano-spheres and lamellar microstructures of refCBA samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Despite the reduced complexity of the refCBA protein compared to natural reflectins, unique biomaterials with similar properties to reflectins were generated by self-assembled reflectin-based refCBA molecules. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013 C1 [Qin, Guokui; Hu, Xiao; Bressner, Jason E.; Sun, Zhongyuan; Omenetto, Fiorenzo G.; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Dennis, Patrick B.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate Biotechnol Grp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Yuji; Omenetto, Fiorenzo G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM David.Kaplan@tufts.edu RI Qin, Guokui/B-1520-2012; Hu, Xiao/F-2403-2012 OI Qin, Guokui/0000-0002-2212-1597; Hu, Xiao/0000-0002-2579-2820 FU AFOSR; NIH (NIBIB) [P41 EB002520]; DARPA FX Support from the AFOSR and the NIH (NIBIB, P41 EB002520) is gratefully acknowledged, as is support from DARPA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1002/polb.23204 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 064ZP UT WOS:000313115500002 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Friedman, JF Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Electron Attachment to Fe(CO)(n) (n=0-5) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; BOND STRENGTHS; NEGATIVE-IONS; ENERGIES; SPECTROMETRY; COLLISIONS; CARBONYLS AB The rate constants of thermal electron attachment at 300 and 400 K to Fe(CO)(n) (n = 0-5) have been measured using a flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus. The stable species Fe(CO)(5) was studied using the traditional method of monitoring electron depletion as a function of reaction time, and the remaining short-lived species were studied using the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS) technique. Attachment to Fe(CO)(5) is purely dissociative and about 20% efficient with a rate constant of (7.9 +/- 1.4) x 10(-8) cm(3) at s(-1) 300 K and (8.8 +/- 2) x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 400 K. The attachment rate constants decrease significantly as each CO ligand is removed, with Fe(CO)(n) (n = 4 to 1) attaching with efficiencies on the order of 10%, 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% respectively. Under the conditions here, attachment to Fe(CO)(4) and Fe(CO)(3) are likely entirely dissociative, whereas attachment to Fe(CO)(2) and Fe(CO) are almost entirely associative. A statistical kinetic modeling approach is used to explain the strong dependence of the attachment rate constant on the number of ligands present in the neutral species through a combination of increasing autodetachment rates and decreasing exothermicities to dissociative attachment. The VENDAMS data also define the 300 K mutual neutralization rate constant of Fe(CO)(4)(-) + Ar+ to be (5.0 +/- 0.8) x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) with an upper to branching fraction of 0.5 to yield Fe(CO)(4), indicating that significant fragmentation to smaller Fe(CO)(n) occurs. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1109 DI 10.1021/jp304480x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 093HG UT WOS:000315181700015 PM 22974241 ER PT J AU Taylor, DE Runge, K Cory, MG Burns, DS Vasey, JL Hearn, JD Griffith, K Henley, MV AF Taylor, DeCarlos E. Runge, Keith Cory, Marshall G. Burns, Douglas S. Vasey, Joseph L. Hearn, John D. Griffith, Kara Henley, Michael V. TI Surface Binding of Organophosphates on Silica: Comparing Experiment and Theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; ADSORBED ORGANOPHOSPHONATES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AMORPHOUS SILICA; AB-INITIO; ADSORPTION; SENSORS; SIO2; ENERGIES; VAPOR AB A consistent embedding hierarchy is applied to the calculation of binding enthalpies for organophosphate molecules to a silica surface and compared to experiment. The interaction of four probe molecules, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), and sarin, with the silica surface is examined. Quantum chemical methods are employed to compute binding enthalpies and vibrational spectra for all interactions between probe molecules and silanol sites on the silica surface. Comparison with experimentally measured infrared shifts indicates that the theoretically modeled adsorption sites are similar to those found in experiment. The calculated binding enthalpies agree well with experiment for sarin, Delta H-ads,H-443K = -22.0 kcal/mol (calculated) vs -18.8 +/- 5,5 kcal/mol (measured, 433 K < T-expt < 453 K), and DIMP, Delta H-ads,H-463K = -26.9 kcal/mol (calculated) vs -29.3 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol (measured, 453 K < T-expt < 473 K). Agreement with experiment is less good for DMMP, Delta H-ads,H-463K = -19.7 kcal/mol (calculated) vs -26.1 +/- 1.5 kcal/mol (measured, 453 K < T-expt < 473 K), and DFP, Delta H-ads,H-423K = -20.4 kcal/mol (calculated) vs -27.5 +/- 3.1, kcal/mol (measured, 413 K < T-expt < 433 K). C1 [Taylor, DeCarlos E.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, RDRL WML B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Runge, Keith] BWD Associates LLC, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Cory, Marshall G.; Burns, Douglas S.; Vasey, Joseph L.] ENSCO Inc, Melbourne, FL 32940 USA. [Hearn, John D.; Henley, Michael V.] US AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Griffith, Kara] UTC Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Runge, K (reprint author), BWD Associates LLC, 2901 Northwest 54th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM krunge@bellsouth.net FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-10-C-0015] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (Contract #: HDTRA1-10-C-0015). While this research has been funded by the agency, the results and content of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the funding agency. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 6 BP 2699 EP 2708 DI 10.1021/jp306713d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 093HH UT WOS:000315181800038 ER PT J AU Barua, A Kim, S Horie, Y Zhou, M AF Barua, A. Kim, S. Horie, Y. Zhou, M. TI Ignition criterion for heterogeneous energetic materials based on hotspot size-temperature threshold SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT IGNITION; THERMAL EXPLOSIONS; SHOCK INITIATION; REACTANT CONSUMPTION; SOLID EXPLOSIVES; HMX; MODEL; IMPACT; SIMULATIONS; COMBUSTION AB A criterion for the ignition of granular explosives (GXs) and polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) under shock and non-shock loading is developed. The formulation is based on integration of a quantification of the distributions of the sizes and locations of hotspots in loading events using a cohesive finite element method (CFEM) developed recently and the characterization by Tarver et al. [C. M. Tarver et al., "Critical conditions for impact-and shock-induced hot spots in solid explosives," J. Phys. Chem. 100, 5794-5799 (1996)] of the critical size-temperature threshold of hotspots required for chemical ignition of solid explosives. The criterion, along with the CFEM capability to quantify the thermal-mechanical behavior of GXs and PBXs, allows the critical impact velocity for ignition, time to ignition, and critical input energy at ignition to be determined as functions of material composition, microstructure, and loading conditions. The applicability of the relation between the critical input energy (E) and impact velocity of James [H. R. James, "An extension to the critical energy criterion used to predict shock initiation thresholds," Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 21, 8-13 (1996)] for shock loading is examined, leading to a modified interpretation, which is sensitive to microstructure and loading condition. As an application, numerical studies are undertaken to evaluate the ignition threshold of granular high melting point eXplosive, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,2,3,5-tetrazocine (HMX) and HMX/Estane PBX under loading with impact velocities up to 350 ms(-1) and strain rates up to 10(5) s(-1). Results show that, for the GX, the time to criticality (t(c)) is strongly influenced by initial porosity, but is insensitive to grain size. Analyses also lead to a quantification of the differences between the responses of the GXs and PBXs in terms of critical impact velocity for ignition, time to ignition, and critical input energy at ignition. Since the framework permits explicit tracking of the influences of microstructure, loading, and mechanical constraints, the calculations also show the effects of stress wave reflection and confinement condition on the ignition behaviors of GXs and PBXs. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792001] C1 [Barua, A.; Kim, S.; Zhou, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Horie, Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Barua, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM min.zhou@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (scientific officer: Dr. Suhithi Peiris). Calculations are carried out on parallel computers at NAVO and the DPRL at Georgia Tech. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 66 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 6 AR 064906 DI 10.1063/1.4792001 PG 22 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091MO UT WOS:000315054000096 ER PT J AU Guss, P Guise, R Yuan, D Mukhopadhyay, S O'Brien, R Lowe, D Kang, ZT Menkara, H Nagarkar, VV AF Guss, Paul Guise, Ronald Yuan, Ding Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy O'Brien, Robert Lowe, Daniel Kang, Zhitao Menkara, Hisham Nagarkar, Vivek V. TI Lanthanum halide nanoparticle scintillators for nuclear radiation detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Nanoparticles with sizes < 10nm were fabricated and characterized for their nanocomposite radiation detector properties. This work investigated the properties of several nanostructured radiation scintillators, in order to determine the viability of using scintillators employing nanostructured lanthanum trifluoride. Preliminary results of this investigation are consistent with the idea that these materials have an intrinsic response to nuclear radiation that may be correlated to the energy of the incident radiation. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790867] C1 [Guss, Paul; Guise, Ronald] Remote Sensing Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Yuan, Ding] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Los Alamos Operat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy] Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. [O'Brien, Robert; Lowe, Daniel] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Kang, Zhitao; Menkara, Hisham] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nagarkar, Vivek V.] RMD Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Guss, P (reprint author), Remote Sensing Lab, POB 98521,M-S RSL 48, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM gusspp@nv.doe.gov OI Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy/0000-0002-0319-5005 FU National Security Technologies, LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25946]; U.S. Department of Energy; Site-Directed Research and Development Program; Nevada National Security Site SDRD program FX This manuscript has been authored by National Security Technologies, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25946 with the U.S. Department of Energy and supported by the Site-Directed Research and Development Program. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.; The authors acknowledge Vivek Nagarkar of RMD of Watertown, Massachusetts, for the production of the nano-composite detectors, for providing these detectors on loan to the Remote Sensing Laboratory, and for his support and advice. The authors also acknowledge Denis Beller and Anthony Santo Domingo of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, for their measurement of CeBr3 properties. This is a joint research investigation between RSL and UNLV. The Nevada National Security Site SDRD program provided support for this research. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 6 AR 064303 DI 10.1063/1.4790867 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091MO UT WOS:000315054000065 ER PT J AU Vallabhaneni, AK Qiu, B Hu, JN Chen, YP Roy, AK Ruan, XL AF Vallabhaneni, Ajit K. Qiu, Bo Hu, Jiuning Chen, Yong P. Roy, Ajit K. Ruan, Xiulin TI Interfacial thermal conductance limit and thermal rectification across vertical carbon nanotube/graphene nanoribbon-silicon interfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NANOTUBE ARRAYS; CONDUCTIVITY; GRAPHENE; STATE AB Various models were previously used to predict interfacial thermal conductance of vertical carbon nanotube (CNT)-silicon interfaces, but the predicted values were several orders of magnitude off the experimental data. In this work, we show that the CNT filling fraction (the ratio of contact area to the surface area of the substrate) is the key to remedy this discrepancy. Using molecular dynamics, we have identified an upper limit of thermal interface conductance for C-Si interface which is around 1.25GW/m(2)K, corresponding to a 100% filling fraction of carbon nanotube or graphene nanoribbon on substrate. By extrapolating to low filling fraction (similar to 1%) that was measured in experiments, our predicted interfacial thermal conductance agrees with experimental data for vertical CNT arrays grown on silicon substrate (similar to 3MW/m(2) K). Meanwhile, thermal rectification of more than 20% has been found at these C-Si interfaces. We observed that this is strongly dependent on the interfacial temperature drop than the filling fraction. This new effect needs to be considered in future thermal interface materials design. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790367] C1 [Vallabhaneni, Ajit K.; Qiu, Bo; Ruan, Xiulin] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hu, Jiuning; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hu, Jiuning; Chen, Yong P.; Ruan, Xiulin] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.; Ruan, Xiulin] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Vallabhaneni, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ruan@purdue.edu RI Ruan, Xiulin/C-6166-2009; Chen, Yong/K-7017-2012 OI Ruan, Xiulin/0000-0001-7611-7449; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-7356-4179 FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0057]; Cooling Technology Research Center (CTRC); Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX This work was partially supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No.r FA9550-11-1-0057, Program manager Dr. Kumar Jata) and the Cooling Technology Research Center (CTRC). X. L. Ruan also acknowledges the support of Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 83 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 6 AR 064311 DI 10.1063/1.4790367 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091MO UT WOS:000315054000073 ER PT J AU Wang, C Grillot, F Kovanis, V Even, J AF Wang, Cheng Grillot, Frederic Kovanis, Vassilios Even, Jacky TI Rate equation analysis of injection-locked quantum cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; OPTICAL-INJECTION; LIGHT INJECTION; RECENT PROGRESS; MODULATION; ENHANCEMENT; RESONANCE; SUBJECT AB The modulation properties of optical injection-locked quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are investigated theoretically via a simple low dimensional rate equation model. It is found that both strong injection level and positive optical frequency detuning increase the modulation bandwidth, while a large linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) contributes to the enhancement of the peak magnitude in the intensity modulation (IM) response. As opposed to conventional injection-locked interband lasers, it is demonstrated that no dip occurs in the QCL's IM response, which is beneficial for a series of broadband microwave photonic applications. Computations also show that the value of the LEF can critically modify both the locking and stability regions on the optical frequency detuning injection level map. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790883] C1 [Wang, Cheng; Even, Jacky] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, INSA, CNRS, FOTON, F-35708 Rennes, France. [Grillot, Frederic] Ecole Natl Super Telecommun Bretagne, Telecom Paristech, CNRS, LTCI, F-75013 Paris, France. [Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kovanis, Vassilios] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Univ Europeenne Bretagne, INSA, CNRS, FOTON, 20 Ave Buttes Coesmes, F-35708 Rennes, France. EM cheng.wang@insa-rennes.fr RI even, jacky/C-6212-2008; Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014; OI even, jacky/0000-0002-4607-3390; Kovanis, Vassilios/0000-0003-0697-8379 FU Electromagnetics portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman of AFOSR; European Office of Aeorospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-12-1-2093]; China Scholarship Council FX The authors would like to thank Professor Carlo Sirtori and Dr. S. Barbieri of Universite Paris Diderot-Paris 7, France as well as Professor Thomas Erneux from Brussels University Belgium for helpful discussions. Dr. Vassilios Kovanis's work has been supported via the Electromagnetics portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman of AFOSR. Dr. Frederic Grillot's work was supported in part by the European Office of Aeorospace Research and Development (EOARD) under Grant No. FA8655-12-1-2093. Cheng Wang's work was supported by China Scholarship Council. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 6 AR 063104 DI 10.1063/1.4790883 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091MO UT WOS:000315054000004 ER PT J AU Zhang, BG Li, YJ Liu, R Pritchett, TM Haley, JE Sun, WF AF Zhang, Bingguang Li, Yunjing Liu, Rui Pritchett, Timothy M. Haley, Joy E. Sun, Wenfang TI Extending the Bandwidth of Reverse Saturable Absorption in Platinum Complexes Using Two-Photon-Initiated Excited-State Absorption SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE platinum(II) terpyridine complex; photophysics; excited-state absorption; two-photon absorption; reverse saturable absorption; nonlinear absorbing materials ID PT-ETHYNYL COMPOUND; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CROSS-SECTION; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; PORPHYRIN DIMERS; PHOTOPHYSICS; DERIVATIVES; DYES; PHTHALOCYANINES AB Pt(II) complexes bearing 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2'-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)-2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine or 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2'-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)ethynyl-2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine ligand exhibit strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two-photon initiated excited-state absorption in the near-IR region. They are promising broadband nonlinear absorbing materials from the visible to the near-IR region. The extended pi-conjugation in complex 2 that has a C C linker between the terpyridine ligand and the 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2'-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl) substituent significantly increases the two-photon absorption cross sections (sigma(2)), making it among the strongest of two-photon absorbing Pt(II) complexes. C1 [Zhang, Bingguang; Li, Yunjing; Liu, Rui; Sun, Wenfang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Pritchett, Timothy M.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD SEE M, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Sun, WF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Wenfang.Sun@ndsu.edu RI Liu, Rui/G-3772-2014 FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0032, W911NF-10-2-0055]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0449598] FX This work is partially supported by the Army Research Laboratory (Grants W911NF-06-2-0032 and W911NF-10-2-0055). We also acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (Grant CAREER CHE-0449598) for partial support. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 13 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1021/am3018724 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 091WE UT WOS:000315079700015 PM 23273050 ER PT J AU Ehlert, GJ Galan, U Sodano, HA AF Ehlert, Gregory J. Galan, Ulises Sodano, Henry A. TI Role of Surface Chemistry in Adhesion between ZnO Nanowires and Carbon Fibers in Hybrid Composites SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanowires; fiber reinforced composite; functionalization; interface ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMOPLASTICS; NITRIC-ACID; INTERFACIAL INTERACTIONS; HIERARCHICAL COMPOSITES; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NANOTUBES; PAN; REINFORCEMENT; INTERPHASE AB Low interface strength is a persistent problem in composite materials and cascades to limit a variety of bulk material properties such as lamina shear strength. Whiskerization has long been pursued as a method to reinforce the interphase and improve both the single fiber interface strength as well as the bulk properties. Recent developments have shown that ZnO nanowire whiskerization can effectively improve the properties of a bulk composite without requiring the high temperatures that previous deposition processes needed. Although the efficacy of a ZnO nanowire interphase has been established, the mechanism for adhesion of the interphase to the fiber has not been identified. Specifically, the addition of the ZnO nanowires to the surface of the fibers requires that the ZnO nanowires have strong chemical adhesion to the fiber surface. This work will create a variety of chemical environments on the surface of the fibers through new and common chemical functionalization procedures and quantify the surface chemistry through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of fiber surface chemistry on the adhesion of the ZnO is assessed through single fiber fragmentation testing. The interface strength is found to strongly correlate with the concentration of ketone groups on the surface of the fibers. Following the experimental observations, liftoff of a ZnO crystal from a graphene surface was simulated with a variety of surface functionalizations. The computational models confirm the preference for ketone groups in promoting adhesion between ZnO and graphite. C1 [Ehlert, Gregory J.; Galan, Ulises; Sodano, Henry A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Galan, Ulises] Arizona State Univ, Sch Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ehlert, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Nonmetall Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.ehlert.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF0810382]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0356] FX The authors acknowledge funding U.S. Army Research Office (Award # W911NF0810382) and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Award # FA9550-09-1-0356). The authors also acknowledge the use of the Arizona State University Center for Solid State Science and University of Florida Major Analytical Instrumentation Center. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 13 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 635 EP 645 DI 10.1021/am302060v PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 091WE UT WOS:000315079700024 PM 23281964 ER PT J AU Ford, C Sladky, J Sherman, P Kochunov, P McGuire, S AF Ford, Caelan Sladky, John Sherman, Paul Kochunov, Peter McGuire, Stephen TI Prevalence of Hyperintense White Matter Lesions in Very-Low-Pressure Hypobaric Physiology Technicians SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology (AAN) CY MAR 16-23, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Neurol C1 [Ford, Caelan; Sladky, John] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Sherman, Paul] 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Kochunov, Peter] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [McGuire, Stephen] Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [McGuire, Stephen] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 12 PY 2013 VL 80 SU S MA P06203 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AB8VR UT WOS:000332068604271 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Roy, S Jiang, NB Gord, JR AF Hsu, Paul S. Roy, Sukesh Jiang, Naibo Gord, James R. TI Large-aperture, tapered fiber-coupled, 10-kHz particle-image velocimetry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; DELIVERY-SYSTEM; OPTICAL-FIBERS; ILLUMINATION; PULSES; MODE; SPECTROSCOPY; INSTABILITY; SILICA; FLAMES AB We demonstrate the design and implementation of a fiber-optic beam-delivery system using a large-aperture, tapered step-index fiber for high-speed particle-image velocimetry (PIV) in turbulent combustion flows. The tapered fiber in conjunction with a diffractive-optical-element (DOE) fiber-optic coupler significantly increases the damage threshold of the fiber, enabling fiber-optic beam delivery of sufficient nanosecond, 532-nm, laser pulse energy for high-speed PIV measurements. The fiber successfully transmits 1-kHz and 10-kHz laser pulses with energies of 5.3 mJ and 2 mJ, respectively, for more than 25 min without any indication of damage. It is experimentally demonstrated that the tapered fiber possesses the high coupling efficiency (similar to 80%) and moderate beam quality for PIV. Additionally, the nearly uniform output-beam profile exiting the fiber is ideal for PIV applications. Comparative PIV measurements are made using a conventionally (bulk-optic) delivered light sheet, and a similar order of measurement accuracy is obtained with and without fiber coupling. Effective use of fiber-coupled, 10-kHz PIV is demonstrated for instantaneous 2D velocity-field measurements in turbulent reacting flows. Proof-of-concept measurements show significant promise for the performance of fiber-coupled, high-speed PIV using a tapered optical fiber in harsh laser-diagnostic environments such as those encountered in gas-turbine test beds and the cylinder of a combustion engine. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Roy, Sukesh; Jiang, Naibo] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsu, PS (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Mr. Jacob Schmidt of Spectral Energies, LLC. Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3 BP 3617 EP 3626 DI 10.1364/OE.21.003617 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KJ UT WOS:000315991400108 PM 23481818 ER PT J AU Husaini, S Shima, D Ahirwar, P Rotter, TJ Hains, CP Dang, T Bedford, RG Balakrishnan, G AF Husaini, S. Shima, D. Ahirwar, P. Rotter, T. J. Hains, C. P. Dang, T. Bedford, R. G. Balakrishnan, G. TI Effect of antimony nano-scale surface-structures on a GaSb/AlAsSb distributed Bragg reflector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Effects of antimony crystallization on the surface of GaSb during low temperature molecular beam epitaxy growth are investigated. The geometry of these structures is studied via transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, which show the surface metal forms triangular-shaped, elongated nano-wires with a structured orientation composed entirely of crystalline antimony. By depositing antimony on a GaSb/AlAsSb distributed Bragg reflector, the field is localized within the antimony layer. Polarization dependent transmission measurements are carried out on these nano-structures deposited on a GaSb/AlAsSb distributed Bragg reflector. It is shown that the antimony-based structures at the surface favor transmission of light polarized perpendicular to the wires. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792320] C1 [Husaini, S.; Shima, D.; Ahirwar, P.; Rotter, T. J.; Hains, C. P.; Dang, T.; Bedford, R. G.; Balakrishnan, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Husaini, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saima.husaini.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Ahirwar, Pankaj/O-9413-2014 OI Ahirwar, Pankaj/0000-0002-1223-1848 FU AFOSR [LRIR 08RY08COR]; Air force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) at the Electro-optic components branch (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-C-0114] FX S.H., T.D., and R.B. acknowledge AFOSR, who has funded this research through LRIR 08RY08COR. G.B. was supported by the Air force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) at the Electro-optic components branch (AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-09-C-0114). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 6 AR 063108 DI 10.1063/1.4792320 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091MH UT WOS:000315053300079 ER PT J AU Brant, AT Giles, NC Halliburton, LE AF Brant, A. T. Giles, N. C. Halliburton, L. E. TI Insertion of lithium ions into TiO2 (rutile) crystals: An electron paramagnetic resonance study of the Li-associated Ti3+ small polaron SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are used to identify a Ti3+-Li+ complex in TiO2 crystals having the rutile structure. This defect consists of an interstitial Li+ ion adjacent to a substitutional Ti3+ ion (the unpaired electron on the Ti3+ ion provides charge compensation for the Li+ ion). The neutral Ti3+-Li+ complex is best described as a donor-bound small polaron and is similar in structure to the recently reported neutral fluorine and hydrogen donors in TiO2 (rutile). Lithium ions are diffused into the crystals at temperatures near 450 degrees C. Following the diffusion, an EPR spectrum containing groups of four closely spaced lines is observed at 36K without laser illumination. ENDOR data verify that the four lines within each group are due to a weak hyperfine interaction with one lithium nucleus. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters are obtained from the angular dependence of the EPR spectra. Principal values are 1.9688, 1.9204, and 1.9323 for the g matrix and -2.14, -2.20, and +3.44MHz for the Li-7 hyperfine matrix. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790366] C1 [Brant, A. T.; Giles, N. C.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Brant, AT (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Adam.Brant.ctr@afit.edu FU National Research Council at the Air Force Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation [DMR-0804352] FX The authors wish to acknowledge helpful discussions with Shan Yang during the initial phase of this project. One of the authors (A.T.B.) thanks the National Research Council for the award of a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Air Force Institute of Technology. The research at West Virginia University was supported by Grant No. DMR-0804352 from the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 57 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 5 AR 053712 DI 10.1063/1.4790366 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 087FH UT WOS:000314746200041 ER PT J AU Emery, SB Rider, KB Little, BK Lindsay, CM AF Emery, Samuel B. Rider, Keith B. Little, Brian K. Lindsay, C. Michael TI Helium Droplet Assembled Nanocluster Films: Cluster Formation and Deposition Rates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-HELIUM; MAGNESIUM CLUSTERS; HE-4 CLUSTERS; SIZE; MOLECULES; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPANSIONS AB This article examines the formation of nanoclusters by superfluid helium droplet assembly and the rates at which they can be deposited. A model of this process is presented that takes into account the hydrodynamic properties of droplet nozzle, the helium droplet size distribution, the dopant incorporation and condensation process, and the transport and collision of the doped droplet beam with a substrate. The results of this model are validated against measured magnesium cluster deposition rates produced in a droplet beam over a range of nozzle pressures and temperatures. This effort illuminates the connection between cluster deposition and the hydrodynamic state of a helium droplet beam, as well as, demonstrates the feasibility and level of control that can exist in creating cluster-based films by helium droplet assisted cluster assembly. C1 [Emery, Samuel B.; Rider, Keith B.; Little, Brian K.; Lindsay, C. Michael] USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Emery, SB (reprint author), USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Res Lab, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM samuel.emery.ctr@eglin.af.mil; c.lindsay@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002NW]; Air Force Research Laboratories Nano Science and Technology STT Nanoenergetics Initiative FX We would like to acknowledge the contributions of former team members Rebecca Cleaver, Ethan Holt, and Justin Samuel for their efforts in designing, constructing, and performing preliminary experiments on the helium droplet instrument employed in these measurements. We would also like to thank Jerry Boatz, Gary Douberly, Robert J. Hinde, and William Lewis for their helpful discussions and input. This research was performed while S.B.E, B.K.L, and K.B.R. held National Research Council Postdoctoral and Senior Research Associateships at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was supported by research grant 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Michael Berman Program Manager. and also by the Air Force Research Laboratories Nano Science and Technology STT Nanoenergetics Initiative. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 5 BP 2358 EP 2368 DI 10.1021/jp310295h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 089JV UT WOS:000314907700044 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Look, DC Schifano, R Johansen, KM Svensson, BG Brillson, LJ AF Zhang, Z. Look, D. C. Schifano, R. Johansen, K. M. Svensson, B. G. Brillson, L. J. TI Process dependence of H passivation and doping in H-implanted ZnO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; SHALLOW DONOR; BULK ZNO; HYDROGEN AB We used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and temperature-dependent Hall-effect (TDHE) measurements to describe the strong dependence of H passivation and doping in H-implanted ZnO on thermal treatment. Increasing H implantation dose increases passivation of Zn and oxygen vacancy-related defects, while reducing deep level emissions. Over annealing temperatures of 100-400 degrees C at different times, 1 h annealing at 200 degrees C yielded the lowest DRCLS deep level emissions, highest TDHE carrier mobility, and highest near band-edge PL emission. These results describe the systematics of dopant implantation and thermal activation on H incorporation in ZnO and their effects on its electrical properties. C1 [Zhang, Z.; Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schifano, R.; Johansen, K. M.; Svensson, B. G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM zhang.720@osu.edu RI Schifano, Ramon/S-3385-2016 OI Schifano, Ramon/0000-0002-6465-8851 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0803276]; Norwegian Research Centre for Solar Cell Technology, a Centre for Environment-friendly Energy Research [193829]; Norwegian Research Council; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005]; Norwegian Research Council through the NANOMAT; Norwegian Research Council through FRINATEK program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Grant No DMR-0803276 (Charles Ying) and the Norwegian Research Council through the NANOMAT and FRINATEK program. The work was partly performed within The Norwegian Research Centre for Solar Cell Technology (project number 193829), a Centre for Environment-friendly Energy Research co-sponsored by the Norwegian Research Council and research and industry partners in Norway. The work of DCL was performed at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base partially under AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0079 (J Hwang) and AFRL Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 (D Tomich). The authors wish to thank T A Cooper for the Hall-effect measurements. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 81 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 6 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 5 AR 055107 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/46/5/055107 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 073OO UT WOS:000313752600010 ER PT J AU Sergeev, E Grach, S Shindin, A Mishin, E Bernhardt, P Briczinski, S Isham, B Broughton, M LaBelle, J Watkins, B AF Sergeev, E. Grach, S. Shindin, A. Mishin, E. Bernhardt, P. Briczinski, S. Isham, B. Broughton, M. LaBelle, J. Watkins, B. TI Artificial Ionospheric Layers during Pump Frequency Stepping Near the 4th Gyroharmonic at HAARP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; SPECTRA; PLASMA AB We report on artificial descending plasma layers created in the ionosphere F region by high-power high-frequency (HF) radio waves from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program at frequencies f(0) near the fourth electron gyroharmonic 4f(ce). The data come from concurrent measurements of the secondary escaping radiation from the HF-pumped ionosphere, also known as stimulated electromagnetic emission, reflected probing signals at f(0), and plasma line radar echoes. The artificial layers appeared only for injections along the magnetic field and f(0) > 4f(ce) at the nominal HF interaction altitude in the background ionosphere. Their average downward speed similar to 0.5 km/s holds until the terminal altitude where the local fourth gyroharmonic matches f(0). The total descent increases with the nominal offset f(0) - 4f(ce). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.065002 C1 [Sergeev, E.; Grach, S.; Shindin, A.] Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Sergeev, E.; Grach, S.; Shindin, A.] Lobachevsky State Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Mishin, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bernhardt, P.; Briczinski, S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Isham, B.] Interamer Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bayamon, PR 00957 USA. [Broughton, M.; LaBelle, J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Watkins, B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sergeev, E (reprint author), Radiophys Res Inst, 25A-12 Bolshaya Pecherskaya St, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Shindin, Alexey/R-8728-2016; OI Shindin, Alexey/0000-0003-1242-5666; Grach, Savely/0000-0003-1726-4793 FU EOARD/AFOSR; RFBR [11-02-00125-a, 12-02-00513-a]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.132.21.1434]; AFOSR [W911NF-11-1-0217]; ONR [W911NF-11-1-0217]; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0217] FX HAARP is a DoD program operated jointly by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. E.S., S.G., and A.S. were supported by EOARD/AFOSR and RFBR Grants No. 11-02-00125-a and No. 12-02-00513-a and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Project No. 14.132.21.1434. E.M., P.B. and S.B., and B.I. were supported by AFOSR, ONR, and ARO Grant No. W911NF-11-1-0217, respectively. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.065002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 086MD UT WOS:000314687300020 PM 23432261 ER PT J AU Clark, CD Marshall, WJ Thomas, RJ AF Clark, C. D., III Marshall, W. J. Thomas, R. J. TI Theoretical analysis of multiple-pulse thermal damage thresholds of the retina SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE thermal damage model; multiple-pulse; Arrhenius integral ID LASER IRRADIATION; CELL-DAMAGE; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; INJURY AB In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of multiple-pulse thermal damage thresholds based on the Arrhenius integral damage model. We consider the dependence of thresholds on both the number of pulses and the pulse spacing and show that the trends can be understood by considering the thermal relaxation time. The biological data that exists in the multiple-pulse thermal damage regime fits in with the model's predictions but does not validate them. We propose a simple experiment for validation and present a hypothetical scheme for adjusting the maximum permissible exposure limit for multiple pulses in the thermal damage regime. (C) 2013 Laser Institute of America. C1 [Clark, C. D., III] TASC Inc, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Marshall, W. J.] Laser Safety Specialties, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA. [Thomas, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Clark, CD (reprint author), TASC Inc, 4141 Petr Rd,Suite 4007, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 AR UNSP 012005 DI 10.2351/1.4788755 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 161JR UT WOS:000320189600005 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Katz, AW Naguib, AM Koochesfahani, MM Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Olson, David A. Katz, Alan W. Naguib, Ahmed M. Koochesfahani, Manoochehr M. Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI On the challenges in experimental characterization of flow separation over airfoils at low Reynolds number SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SCHEMES AB Measurements and computations of the separation and reattachment locations are reported for the steady flow over a SD7003 airfoil at different angles of attack and chord Reynolds number in the range 2 x 10(4) - 4 x 10(4). The experiments are based on multi-line molecular tagging velocimetry, and the computations employ an implicit large eddy simulation approach. Comparisons of experimental results with current computations and previous experiments point to challenges involved in the experimental determination of the separation bubble characteristics. The results also underline the importance of the facility-dependent freestream turbulence level on the experimental data. The collective effect of experimental uncertainty and facility-dependent issues, examined systematically herein, appear to clarify the discrepancy among the various experimental and computational results. The findings also suggest that accurate characterization of the separation bubble over airfoils at low Reynolds number is more difficult than generally recognized and presents a challenge in comparing results between different experiments, and between experiments and computations. Moreover, this complicates the validation of computational data against experiments within this flow regime. C1 [Olson, David A.; Katz, Alan W.; Naguib, Ahmed M.; Koochesfahani, Manoochehr M.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Naguib, AM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM naguib@egr.msu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) through the Michigan/AFRL Collaborative Center for Aeronautical Sciences; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0342] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) through the Michigan/AFRL Collaborative Center for Aeronautical Sciences and, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant number FA9550-10-1-0342. We also thank Dr. Michael Ol of the AFRL at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for loaning us the SD7003 airfoil used in these experiments. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2013 VL 54 IS 2 AR 1470 DI 10.1007/s00348-013-1470-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 133RE UT WOS:000318156200025 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS Albert, JM Starks, MJ AF Selesnick, R. S. Albert, J. M. Starks, M. J. TI Influence of a ground-based VLF radio transmitter on the inner electron radiation belt SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZONE ELECTRONS; PRECIPITATION; FIELD AB Observed signatures of electron precipitation from the inner radiation belt are shown to be consistent with the theory of resonant scattering by whistler-mode plasma waves, assuming the waves originate in VLF radio transmissions from the ground station NWC. The conclusion is based on a stochastic model of electron transport that includes pitch angle diffusion, radial diffusion, energy loss, and azimuthal drift. The wave scattering causes an increase in quasi-trapped electron intensity, forming the "wisp" signature, and a corresponding decrease in stably trapped intensity at low altitude. A smaller decrease at high altitude is expected to be obscured by inward radial diffusion. If NWC were shut down, the resulting increase in stably trapped electron intensity would be minimal. Citation: Selesnick, R. S., J. M. Albert, and M. J. Starks (2013), Influence of a ground-based VLF radio transmitter on the inner electron radiation belt, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 628-635, doi:10.1002/jgra.50095. C1 [Selesnick, R. S.; Albert, J. M.; Starks, M. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM richard.selesnick@kirtland.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 628 EP 635 DI 10.1002/jgra.50095 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RQ UT WOS:000317860000005 ER PT J AU Hassan, E Boles, J Aono, H Davis, D Shyy, W AF Hassan, Ez Boles, John Aono, Hikaru Davis, Douglas Shyy, Wei TI Supersonic jet and crossflow interaction: Computational modeling SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Jet and crossflow interactions; Supersonic flows; Computational modeling ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TRANSVERSE INJECTION FLOWFIELDS; IMPINGEMENT HEAT-TRANSFER; SHOCK-CAPTURING SCHEMES; FILM-COOLING PHYSICS; ROUND JET; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; CYLINDRICAL HOLES; DETAILED ANALYSIS; TURBULENT JET AB The supersonic jet-in-crossflow problem which involves shocks, turbulent mixing, and large-scale vortical structures, requires special treatment for turbulence to obtain accurate solutions. Different turbulence modeling techniques are reviewed and compared in terms of their performance in predicting results consistent with the experimental data. Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models are limited in prediction of fuel structure due to their inability to accurately capture unsteadiness In the flow. Large eddy simulation (LES) is not yet practical due to prohibitively large grid requirement near the wall. Hybrid RANS/LES can offer reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency. The hybrid models are based on various approaches such as explicit blending of RANS and LES, detached eddy simulation (DES), and filter-based multi-scale models. In particular, they can be used to evaluate the turbulent Schmidt number modeling techniques used in jet-in-crossflow simulations. Specifically, an adaptive approach can be devised by utilizing the information obtained from the resolved field to help assign the value of turbulent Schmidt number in the sub-filter field. The adaptive approach combined with the multi-scale model improves the results especially when highly refined grids are needed to resolve small structures involved in the mixing process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hassan, Ez; Shyy, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Boles, John] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Aono, Hikaru] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hassan, Ez; Davis, Douglas] USAF, Res Lab, Fairborn, OH USA. [Shyy, Wei] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Shyy, W (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM weishyy@ust.hk OI Shyy, Wei/0000-0001-6670-5394 NR 109 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 57 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.06.002 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 121OQ UT WOS:000317254500001 ER PT J AU Sakaki, T Schulte, PE Cihan, A Christ, JA Illangasekare, TH AF Sakaki, Toshihiro Schulte, Paul E. Cihan, Abdullah Christ, John A. Illangasekare, Tissa H. TI Airflow Pathway Development as Affected by Soil Moisture Variability in Heterogeneous Soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; VAPOR INTRUSION MODEL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RADON ENTRY; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; HOUSES; SATURATION; SIMULATION AB Understanding how lateral airflow pathways develop in the unsaturated zone is important to address problems dealing with intrusion of contaminants in the form of vapor into buildings and subsurface structures. One of the key factors that contribute to the formation of these vapor pathways is the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture saturation. The soil moisture in the unsaturated zone is expected to be affected by the mass and temperature boundary conditions at the land surface. We performed highly controlled laboratory experiments in an intermediate-scale test tank to improve the basic understanding of the factors that contribute to development of such pathways. The tank was packed with different test sands in a layered configuration and the precipitation and thermal boundary conditions were controlled at the soil surface. A numerical model based on the COMSOL Multiphysics software was validated using the experimental data. This model was used to obtain insights into how the degree of subsurface heterogeneity affects air pathway development. The results showed that (i) soil moisture variations created by precipitation could significantly affect the development of dynamic airflow pathways, (ii) thermal flux at the soil surface does not significantly affect soil moisture deep in the formation and hence has a negligible effect on airflow pathways, and (iii) the capping effect created by water accumulating at soil layer interfaces results in more air of subsurface origin entering the building. Further study is needed, however, to examine the validity of these findings under more realistic soil and climate conditions. C1 [Sakaki, Toshihiro; Schulte, Paul E.; Cihan, Abdullah; Illangasekare, Tissa H.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sakaki, T (reprint author), NAGRA, Int Serv & Projects Div, Wettingen, Switzerland. EM tsakaki@mines.edu RI Cihan, Abdullah/D-3704-2015 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1687]; U.S. Army RDECOM ARL Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0169] FX This research was partly funded by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) ER-1687 and the U.S. Army RDECOM ARL Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-04-1-0169. We also acknowledge the associate editor, Insa Neuweiler of Leibniz Universitat, Hannover, Germany; and three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which significantly improved the paper. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 32 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 12 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2011.0118 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 127QK UT WOS:000317713300002 ER PT J AU Aarons, LR Balachandar, S Horie, Y AF Aarons, Lee R. Balachandar, S. Horie, Yasuyuki TI The mixing of cohesive granular materials featuring a large size range in the absence of gravity SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mixing; Cohesion; Shear flow of powders; Discrete element simulation ID RANDOM CLOSE PACKING; SHEAR FLOWS; ASSEMBLIES; SEGREGATION; STRESS; MODEL; COMPUTER; SPHERES AB We have studied the shear mixing of bidisperse collections of cohesive particles in an effort to develop models that would allow one to predict and control the homogeneity of particle composites. Our focus has been on the effects of interparticle cohesion and shear rate on the microstructure of particle composites. Furthermore, we have focused on particles that have a "large size range," specifically a 7:1 diameter ratio, such that homogeneous mixtures would include the small particles filling in the gaps formed between big particles, resulting in a correlation between the packing fraction and mixing quality. As a model problem, the cohesion resulting from the van der Waals force acting between particles was considered. Simulations were performed in which initially segregated bidisperse collections of particles were subjected to plane shear under constant applied stress as a method of mixing. Gravity was ignored in these simulations so that the different particles were not driven to different sides of the mixtures and the only hindrance to homogeneous mixing was cohesion. Simulations were performed with a variety of shear rates and particle cohesion strengths for both the large and small particles, and the homogeneity of the resultant mixtures was quantified using two distinct statistics: the estimated mean size of small-particle clusters and the spatial variance in the relative concentrations of the small and large particles. Microstructure images of the mixtures were used to provide additional qualitative measure of homogeneity as well as a measure of the relevance of the order statistics. These data suggested that the cohesiveness (Hamaker constant) of the small particles had the strongest influence on the mixture's homogeneity. When the small particles were not sufficiently cohesive, they did not significantly agglomerate, and so the resulting mixtures were relatively homogeneous over the range of shear rates and Hamaker constants of the big particles explored here. When the small particles were more cohesive, the small particles formed strong agglomerates and the mixtures become significantly inhomogeneous at lower shear rates. Somewhat surprisingly in these cases, better mixing was not achieved by simply making the large particles less cohesive. Rather, reducing the cohesiveness of the large particles far enough caused the large particles to pack more tightly, making the small-particle agglomerates unable to fit in between them, ultimately resulting in worse mixing. As such, the best mixing in these cases was achieved when the big particles were moderately cohesive. A correlation between solid volume fraction and homogeneity was not observed when particle cohesion was varied, as making either the small or large particles more cohesive led to a decrease in solid volume fraction, regardless of the effect on homogeneity. On the other hand, when homogeneity was found to increase with shear rate, so did the solid volume fraction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aarons, Lee R.; Balachandar, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Horie, Yasuyuki] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Aarons, LR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM aarons2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Florida Institute for Research in Energetics (FIRE) [FA8651-08-D-0108] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract number FA8651-08-D-0108, as part of the Florida Institute for Research in Energetics (FIRE). Some computational resources and work space were provided by the Eglin Air Force Base. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 235 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.044 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 105BA UT WOS:000316039400003 ER PT J AU Li, X Hong, S Chakravarthy, VD Temple, M Wu, ZQ AF Li, Xue Hong, Steven Chakravarthy, Vasu D. Temple, Michael Wu, Zhiqiang TI Intercarrier Interference Immune Single Carrier OFDM via Magnitude-Keyed Modulation for High Speed Aerial Vehicle Communication SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Intercarrier interference; single carrier OFDM; magnitude keyed modulation ID FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION; SELF-CANCELLATION SCHEME; DOMAIN EQUALIZATION; SYSTEMS; ESTIMATOR; ICI AB Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been considered as a strong candidate for next generation wireless communication systems. Compared to traditional OFDM, Single Carrier OFDM (SC-OFDM) has demonstrated excellent bit error rate (BER) performance, as well as low peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Similar to other multi-carrier transmission technologies, SC-OFDM suffers significant performance degradation resulting from intercarrier interference (ICI) in high mobility environments. Existing techniques for OFDM can be directly adopted in SC-OFDM to improve performance, however, this improved performance comes at costs such as decreased throughput. In this paper, we analyze the effect of ICI on an SC-OFDM system and propose a novel modulation scheme. The proposed Magnitude-Keyed Modulation (MKM) modulation provides SC-OFDM system immunity to ICI and with an easy implementation it significantly outperforms OFDM, SC-OFDM and MC-CDMA systems with Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in severe ICI environment. Analysis also illustrates the proposed SC-OFDM system with MKM modulation maintains low PAPR compared to traditional OFDM and SC-OFDM systems with PSK and QAM modulations. Simulation results for different modulation schemes in various ICI environments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system. C1 [Li, Xue; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Hong, Steven] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Temple, Michael] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM li.68@wright.edu; hsiying@stanford.edu; vasu.chakravarthy@wpafb.af.mil; michael.temple@afit.edu; zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu FU National Science Foundation [0708469, 0737297, 0837677]; Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grants No. 0708469, No. 0737297, No. 0837677, the Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 61 IS 2 BP 658 EP 668 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2012.122112.110214 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 107GX UT WOS:000316204300022 ER PT J AU Arehart, AR Sasikumar, A Rajan, S Via, GD Poling, B Winningham, B Heller, ER Brown, D Pei, Y Recht, F Mishra, UK Ringel, SA AF Arehart, A. R. Sasikumar, A. Rajan, S. Via, G. D. Poling, B. Winningham, B. Heller, E. R. Brown, D. Pei, Y. Recht, F. Mishra, U. K. Ringel, S. A. TI Direct observation of 0.57 eV trap-related RF output power reduction in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE GaN; Defect spectroscopy; Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS); Deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS); High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) AB This paper reports direct evidence for trap-related RF output power loss in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) through increased concentration of a specific electron trap at E-C-0.57 eV that is located in the drain access region, as a function of accelerated life testing (ALT). The trap is detected by constant drain current deep level transient spectroscopy (CID-DLTS) and the CID-DLTS thermal emission time constant precisely matches the measured drain lag. Both drain lag and CID-DLTS measurements show this state to already exist in pre-stressed devices, which coupled with its strong increase in concentration as a function of stress in the absence of significant increases in concentrations of other detected traps, imply its role in causing degradation, in particular knee walkout. This study reveals E-C-0.57 eV trap concentration tracks degradation induced by ALT for MOCVD-grown HEMTs supplied by several commercial and university sources. The results suggest this defect has a common source and may be a key degradation pathway in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and/or an indicator to predict device lifetime. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arehart, A. R.; Sasikumar, A.; Rajan, S.; Ringel, S. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Via, G. D.; Heller, E. R.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Via, G. D.; Heller, E. R.] USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poling, B.; Winningham, B.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Brown, D.; Pei, Y.; Recht, F.; Mishra, U. K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Arehart, AR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM arehart.5@osu.edu RI Rajan, Siddharth/B-9042-2008; Rajan, Siddharth/L-2028-2013 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-09-1-0242]; ONR DRIFT MURI FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) project number N00014-09-1-0242 and the ONR DRIFT MURI. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 80 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2012.09.010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 102IJ UT WOS:000315838000005 ER PT J AU Rao, R Pierce, N Liptak, D Hooper, D Sargent, G Semiatin, SL Curtarolo, S Harutyunyan, AR Maruyama, B AF Rao, Rahul Pierce, Neal Liptak, David Hooper, Daylond Sargent, Gordon Semiatin, S. Lee Curtarolo, Stefano Harutyunyan, Avetik R. Maruyama, Benji TI Revealing the Impact of Catalyst Phase Transition on Carbon Nanotube Growth by in Situ Raman Spectroscopy SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; CVD growth; phase transition; Raman spectroscopy; in situ ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOPARTICLES; IRON; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; GRAPHENE; SILICON; LIQUID; WATER AB The physical state of the catalyst and its impact on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is the subject of a long-standing debate. We addressed it here using in situ Raman spectroscopy to measure Fe and Ni catalyst lifetimes during the growth of individual SWNTs across a wide range of temperatures (500-1400 degrees C). The temperature dependence of the Fe catalyst lifetimes underwent a sharp increase around 1100 C due to a solid-to-liquid phase transition. By comparing experimental results with the metal carbon phase diagrams, we prove that SWNTs can grow from solid and liquid phase-catalysts, depending on the temperature. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Pierce, Neal; Liptak, David; Hooper, Daylond; Sargent, Gordon; Semiatin, S. Lee; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, Rahul] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Pierce, Neal] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Liptak, David; Hooper, Daylond; Sargent, Gordon] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Curtarolo, Stefano] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Harutyunyan, Avetik R.] Honda Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), Honda Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM rrao@honda-ri.com; benji.maruyama@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Rao, Rahul/0000-0002-6415-0185 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Research Council FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the National Research Council. We also express our gratitude to Jun Lou for producing the pillar substrates and thank Ohad Levy for useful discussions. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1021/nn304064u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 099KA UT WOS:000315618700026 PM 23343776 ER PT J AU Wilson, GR Edwards, T Corporan, E Freerks, RL AF Wilson, George R., III Edwards, Tim Corporan, Edwin Freerks, Robert L. TI Certification of Alternative Aviation Fuels and Blend Components SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB Aviation turbine engine fuel specifications are governed by ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, and the British Ministry of Defence (MOD). ASTM D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels and MOD Defence Standard 91-91 are the guiding specifications for this fuel throughout most of the world. Both of these documents rely heavily on the vast amount of experience in production and use of turbine engine fuels from conventional sources, such as crude oil, natural gas condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands. Turbine engine fuel derived from these resources and meeting the above specifications has properties that are generally considered acceptable for fuels to be used in turbine engines. Alternative and synthetic fuel components are approved for use to blend with conventional turbine engine fuels after considerable testing. ASTM has established a specification for fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons under D7566, and the MOD has included additional requirements for fuels containing synthetic components under Annex D of DS91-91. New turbine engine fuel additives and blend components need to be evaluated using ASTM D4054, Standard Practice for Qualification and Approval of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives. This paper discusses these specifications and testing requirements in light of recent literature claiming that some biomass-derived blend components, which have been used to blend in conventional aviation fuel, meet the requirements for aviation turbine fuels as specified by ASTM and the MOD. The "Table 1" requirements listed in both D1655 and DS91-91 are predicated on the assumption that the feedstocks used to make fuels meeting these requirements are from approved sources. Recent papers have implied that commercial jet fuel can be blended with renewable components that are not hydrocarbons (such as fatty acid methyl esters). These are not allowed blend components for turbine engine fuels as discussed in this paper. C1 [Wilson, George R., III] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Edwards, Tim; Corporan, Edwin] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Freerks, Robert L.] Rentech Inc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Freerks, RL (reprint author), Rentech Inc, 1331 17th St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM rfreerks@rentk.com NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 962 EP 966 DI 10.1021/ef301888b PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096VD UT WOS:000315431900041 ER PT J AU Abdel-Motaleb, I Akula, B Leedy, K Cortez, R AF Abdel-Motaleb, Ibrahim Akula, Bhavya Leedy, Kevin Cortez, Rebecca TI Oxygen effects on barium strontium titanate morphology and MOS device performance SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Physical vapor deposition; Electrical properties ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; PRESSURE; RF; CAPACITORS; DEPOSITION; PLD AB We report on oxygen's impact on the morphology of pulsed laser deposited barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films, and the influence of microstructure on fabricated BST capacitor's electrical properties. Variations in the O-2 chamber environment yielded distinct microstructures and dielectric constant values. The BST film deposited in a lower O-2 pressure environment was found to be polycrystalline with sharp grain boundaries, while a higher O-2 pressure environment film exhibited enhanced lateral growth and diffuse grain boundaries. The sample deposited in a higher O-2 pressure environment was found to exhibit low frequency characteristics in capacitance-voltage measurements even at 1 MHz. The sample deposited in a lower O-2 pressure environment was found to exhibit high frequency capacitance-voltage characteristics even at 1 kHz. The 1 mTorr O-2 environment devices yielded a dielectric constant of 432 compared with 32 for the 10 mTorr environment film. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdel-Motaleb, Ibrahim; Akula, Bhavya] No Illinois Univ, Dept Elect Engn, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Leedy, Kevin] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cortez, Rebecca] Union Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Cortez, R (reprint author), Union Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. EM cortezr@union.edu FU Northern Illinois University's Electrical Engineering Department; Union College's Faculty Research Fund FX Electron microscopy efforts were supported by Union College's Faculty Research Fund. The authors thank Dr. Arnold Kiefer for XRD analysis. This work was partially funded by Northern Illinois University's Electrical Engineering Department. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 92 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2012.11.003 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 104YU UT WOS:000316033500106 ER PT J AU Chattanathan, SA Clement, TP Kanel, SR Barnett, MO Chatakondi, N AF Chattanathan, S. A. Clement, T. P. Kanel, S. R. Barnett, M. O. Chatakondi, N. TI Remediation of Uranium-contaminated Groundwater by Sorption onto Hydroxyapatite Derived from Catfish Bones SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE U(VI); Hydroxyapatite; Permeable reactive barrier; Groundwater remediation ID REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; APATITE; STABILITY; METALS; WASTE; OXIDE; PH AB Hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared from catfish bones, identified as catfish HA (CFHA), using mechanical and chemical treatment methods. CFHA was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques to confirm the presence of HA. The ability of CFHA to remove uranium (U(VI)) from aqueous phase was investigated using both batch and column experiments. Adsorption experiments in batch experiments were carried by varying pH, preparation temperature, and particle size. The data shows that the maximum adsorption occurred between pH5.5 and 7. The adsorption of U(VI) on CFHA was greater at 300 degrees C than at 100 degrees C. Batch data shows that the smallest particles, with maximum surface area, exhibited significant U (VI) removal efficiency. Column experiments were conducted using the smallest CFHA particles at different flow rates and breakthrough profiles were obtained. The scalability of the U(VI) removal process was tested by comparing the performances of columns packed with different CFHA. The results indicated that the reaction scales to the mass concentration of the reactants (CFHA and U(VI)). We also found that at pH7, the CFHA packed in the column has the potential to remove about 3.9 mg of U(VI) per gram. Our study shows that CFHA may be used in permeable reactive barriers for remediating U(VI)-contaminated groundwater plumes. C1 [Chattanathan, S. A.; Clement, T. P.; Kanel, S. R.; Barnett, M. O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kanel, S. R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chatakondi, N.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kanel, SR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sushil.kanel.ctr@afit.edu FU US Department of Energy at Auburn University [DE-FG02-06ER64213] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER64213 at Auburn University. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 224 IS 2 AR 1429 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1429-5 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 094RK UT WOS:000315281300033 ER PT J AU Zherebtsov, SV Dyakonov, GS Salem, AA Sokolenko, VI Salishchev, GA Semiatin, SL AF Zherebtsov, S. V. Dyakonov, G. S. Salem, A. A. Sokolenko, V. I. Salishchev, G. A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Formation of nanostructures in commercial-purity titanium via cryorolling SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Titanium; Cryorolling; Twinning; Microstructure formation; Nanostructure ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ALPHA-TITANIUM; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; METALS; SIZE; REFINEMENT; EVOLUTION AB Microstructure evolution in commercial-purity titanium during plane-strain multipass rolling to a true thickness strain of 2.66 at 77 and 293 K was quantified. Deformation at both temperatures was accompanied by twinning. At 77 K, twinning was more extensive in terms of the fraction of twinned grains and the duration of the twinning stage. Rolling to a true thickness strain of 2.66 resulted in the formation of a microstructure with a grain/subgrain size of similar to 80 nm at 77 K or similar to 200 nm at 293 K. The contribution of various mechanisms to the strength of titanium following rolling at 77 and 293 K was analyzed quantitatively. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zherebtsov, S. V.; Dyakonov, G. S.; Salishchev, G. A.] Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Salem, A. A.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salem, A. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sokolenko, V. I.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Zherebtsov, SV (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Pobeda 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM zherebtsov@bsu.edu.ru RI Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; Dyakonov, Grigory/0000-0001-5389-5547; Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Federal Agency for Education, Russia [14.A18.21.0439] FX This work was supported by the Federal Agency for Education, Russia; Grant #14.A18.21.0439. NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.026 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 096UZ UT WOS:000315431500014 ER PT J AU Sturrock, PA Bertello, L Fischbach, E Javorsek, D Jenkins, JH Kosovichev, A Parkhomov, AG AF Sturrock, P. A. Bertello, L. Fischbach, E. Javorsek, D., II Jenkins, J. H. Kosovichev, A. Parkhomov, A. G. TI An analysis of apparent r-mode oscillations in solar activity, the solar diameter, the solar neutrino flux, and nuclear decay rates, with implications concerning the Sun's internal structure and rotation, and neutrino processes SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun; Solar activity; Solar oscillations; Nuclear decays ID POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; SPACED DATA; PERIODICITIES; SPACECRAFT; TACHOCLINE; MATTER AB This article presents a comparative analysis of solar activity data, Mt Wilson diameter data, Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino data, and nuclear decay data acquired at the Lomonosov Moscow State University (LMSU). We propose that salient periodicities in all of these datasets may be attributed to r-mode oscillations. Periodicities in the solar activity data and in Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino data may be attributed to r-mode oscillations in the known tachocline, with normalized radius in the range 0.66-0.74, where the sidereal rotation rate is in the range 13.7-14.6 year(-1). We propose that periodicities in the Mt Wilson and LMSU data may be attributed to similar r-mode oscillations where the sidereal rotation rate is approximately 12.0 year(-1), which we attribute to a hypothetical "inner" tachocline separating a slowly rotating core from the radiative zone. We also discuss the possible role of the Resonant Spin Flavor Precession (RSFP) process, which leads to estimates of the neutrino magnetic moment and of the magnetic field strength in or near the solar core. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bertello, L.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fischbach, E.; Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Javorsek, D., II] 411th Flight Test Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kosovichev, A.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parkhomov, A. G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Time Nat Explorat, Moscow, Russia. RP Sturrock, PA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sturrock@stanford.edu OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX The work of EF was supported in part by U.S. DOE contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. We are indebted to Taeil Bai and Joao Pulido for helpful discussions concerning this project. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 42 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.11.011 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 095YW UT WOS:000315371900007 ER PT J AU Shamberger, PJ Reid, T AF Shamberger, Patrick J. Reid, Timothy TI Thermophysical Properties of Potassium Fluoride Tetrahydrate from (243 to 348) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID FUSION; HEAT AB Potassium fluoride tetrahydrate is of interest as a thermal energy storage material, due to its large specific and volumetric enthalpy of fusion and its low melting temperature. Here, we report the thermophysical properties of solid and liquid potassium fluoride tetrahydrate at temperatures from (243 to 348) K and compare this compound to water and octadecane, two other potential thermal energy storage materials with similar melting temperatures. Furthermore, we present a modified potassium fluoride-water phase diagram and accurately determine the enthalpies of fusion and melting temperatures for potassium fluoride tetrahydrate, Delta H-fus = (246 +/- 2) J.g(-1) and T-fus = 291.6 K, and the potassium fluoride tetrahydrate-potassium fluoride dehydrate eutectic, Delta H-fus = (203 +/- 2) J.g(-1) and T-fus = 282.2 K. C1 [Shamberger, Patrick J.; Reid, Timothy] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reid, Timothy] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Shamberger, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.shamberger@wpafb.af.mil RI Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for providing necessary financial support to carry out the present work. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD FEB PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1021/je300854w PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 093HL UT WOS:000315182200014 ER PT J AU Agarwal, R Anderson, C Zarate, J Ward, C AF Agarwal, Ritu Anderson, Catherine Zarate, Jesus Ward, Claudine TI If We Offer it, Will They Accept? Factors Affecting Patient Use Intentions of Personal Health Records and Secure Messaging SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE personal health record; technology acceptance; secure messaging; patient-centered care; employer sponsored PHR ID SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY; PROVIDER RELATIONSHIP; INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; ACTIVATION MEASURE; COMPUTER SKILLS; MEDICAL-RECORD; ADHERENCE; INTERNET; CARE; COMMUNICATION AB Background: Personal health records (PHRs) are an important tool for empowering patients and stimulating health action. To date, the volitional adoption of publicly available PHRs by consumers has been low. This may be partly due to patient concerns about issues such as data security, accuracy of the clinical information stored in the PHR, and challenges with keeping the information updated. One potential solution to mitigate concerns about security, accuracy, and updating of information that may accelerate technology adoption is the provision of PHRs by employers where the PHR is pre-populated with patients' health data. Increasingly, employers and payers are offering this technology to employees as a mechanism for greater patient engagement in health and well-being. Objective: Little is known about the antecedents of PHR acceptance in the context of an employer sponsored PHR system. Using social cognitive theory as a lens, we theorized and empirically tested how individual factors (patient activation and provider satisfaction) and two environment factors (technology and organization) influence patient intentions to use a PHR among early adopters of the technology. In technology factors, we studied tool empowerment potential and value of tool functionality. In organization factors, we focused on communication tactics deployed by the organization during PHR rollout. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analysis of field data collected during the first 3 months post go-live of the deployment of a PHR with secure messaging implemented by the Air Force Medical Service at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Alaska in December 2010. A questionnaire with validated measures was designed and completed by 283 participants. The research model was estimated using moderated multiple regression. Results: Provider satisfaction, interactions between environmental factors (communication tactics and value of the tool functionality), and interactions between patient activation and tool empowerment potential were significantly (P<.05) associated with behavioral intentions to use the PHR tool. The independent variables collectively explained 42% of the variance in behavioral intentions. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that individual and environmental factors influence intentions to use the PHR. Patients who were more satisfied with their provider had higher use intentions. For patients who perceived the health care process management support features of the tool to be of significant value, communication tactics served to increase their use intentions. Finally, patients who believed the tool to be empowering demonstrated higher intentions to use, which were further enhanced for highly activated patients. The findings highlight the importance of communication tactics and technology characteristics and have implications for the management of PHR implementations. (J Med Internet Res 2013;15(2):e43) doi:10.2196/jmir.2243 C1 [Agarwal, Ritu] Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, Ctr Hlth Informat & Decis Syst, College Pk, MD 20817 USA. [Anderson, Catherine] Univ Virginia, Sch Profess Educ, Fairfax, VA USA. [Zarate, Jesus] Practice Leader Healthcare Solut, IMS Govt Solut, Falls Church, VA USA. [Ward, Claudine] USAF, Hlth Promot AFMOA SGHC, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Agarwal, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, Ctr Hlth Informat & Decis Syst, Van Munching Hall, College Pk, MD 20817 USA. EM ragarwal@rhsmith.umd.edu NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 56 PU JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC PI TORONTO PA 59 WINNERS CIRCLE, TORONTO, ON M4L 3Y7, CANADA SN 1438-8871 J9 J MED INTERNET RES JI J. Med. Internet Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 AR e43 DI 10.2196/jmir.2243 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 098PY UT WOS:000315562400015 PM 23470453 ER PT J AU Connor, MP Barrera, JE Eller, R McCusker, S O'Connor, P AF Connor, Matthew P. Barrera, Jose E. Eller, Robert McCusker, Scott O'Connor, Peter TI Total airway reconstruction SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE Airway and voice modeling; surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea; obstructive sleep apnea; rhinoplasty ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; LARYNGOMALACIA; SUPRAGLOTTOPLASTY; SURGERY; RADIOFREQUENCY; PATIENT AB We present a case of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that required multilevel surgical correction of the airway and literature review and discuss the role supraglottic laryngeal collapse can have in OSA. A 34-year-old man presented to a tertiary otolaryngology clinic for treatment of OSA. He previously had nasal and palate surgeries and a Repose tongue suspension. His residual apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 67. He had a dysphonia associated with a true vocal cord paralysis following resection of a benign neck mass in childhood. He also complained of inspiratory stridor with exercise and intolerance to continuous positive airway pressure. Physical examination revealed craniofacial hypoplasia, full base of tongue, and residual nasal airway obstruction. On laryngoscopy, the paretic aryepiglottic fold arytenoid complex prolapsed into the laryngeal inlet with each breath. This was more pronounced with greater respiratory effort. Surgical correction required a series of operations including awake tracheostomy, supraglottoplasty, midline glossectomy, genial tubercle advancement, maxillomandibular advancement, and reconstructive rhinoplasty. His final AHI was 1.9. Our patient's supraglottic laryngeal collapse constituted an area of obstruction not typically evaluated in OSA surgery. In conjunction with treating nasal, palatal, and hypopharyngeal subsites, our patient's supraglottoplasty represented a key component of his success. This case illustrates the need to evaluate the entire upper airway in a complicated case of OSA. Laryngoscope, 2012 C1 [Connor, Matthew P.; Barrera, Jose E.; O'Connor, Peter] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Connor, MP (reprint author), 100 Lorenz Rd,Unit 1110, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM matthew.connor@amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 2013 VL 123 IS 2 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.1002/lary.23591 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 090NH UT WOS:000314985400054 PM 22965285 ER PT J AU Lee, T Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Lee, Taekyung Kim, Jae Hyung Semiatin, S. L. Lee, Chong Soo TI Internal-variable analysis of high-temperature deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V: A comparative study of the strain-rate-jump and load-relaxation tests SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Superplasticity; Mechanical characterization; High-temperature deformation; Constitutive modeling; Grain boundary sliding ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; HOT-WORKING; CONSTITUTIVE ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-FLOW; TRANSFORMED MICROSTRUCTURE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; COARSENING BEHAVIOR; ACCOMMODATION MODE; STRESS-RELAXATION AB The high-temperature deformation mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4V with either a fine or coarse alpha particle size were quantified using an internal-variable theory. For this purpose, strain rate jump tests (SRJT) and load relaxation tests (LRT) were conducted at 700, 800, and 900 degrees C to determine the strain rate sensitivity and to establish constitutive behavior. Stress-strain rate plots obtained by both SRJT and LRT were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on the activation of grain-matrix deformation and particle/grain-boundary sliding (P/GBS). The relative contribution of the two mechanisms varied with the microstructure, temperature, and strain rate, which affected the flow stress and strain rate sensitivity of the alloys. A clear difference in the strain rate sensitivity was observed depending on the experimental method. In all cases, the SRJT values were higher than those from the LRT. The discrepancy in strain rate sensitivity could be attributed to a variation in prestrain between the two methods. This variation resulted in microstructural differences, such as the fraction of alpha/beta interfaces and the misorientation of alpha grain boundaries, and hence affected the contribution of P/GBS to the overall deformation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Taekyung; Lee, Chong Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Jae Hyung; Lee, Chong Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Grad Inst Ferrous Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Grad Inst Ferrous Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Lee, Taekyung/0000-0002-1589-3900 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 562 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.023 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 091UQ UT WOS:000315075700024 ER PT J AU Gan, XT Shiue, RJ Gao, YD Mak, KF Yao, XW Li, LZ Szep, A Walker, D Hone, J Heinz, TF Englund, D AF Gan, Xuetao Shiue, Ren-Jye Gao, Yuanda Mak, Kin Fai Yao, Xinwen Li, Luozhou Szep, Attila Walker, Dennis, Jr. Hone, James Heinz, Tony F. Englund, Dirk TI High-Contrast Electrooptic Modulation of a Photonic Crystal Nanocavity by Electrical Gating of Graphene SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; optoelectronics; electro-optic modulation; photonic crystal cavity ID LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTION; OPTICAL MODULATOR; QUANTUM-DOT; PHOTODETECTOR; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSISTOR; PLASMONICS AB We demonstrate high-contrast electro-optic modulation of a photonic crystal nanocavity integrated with an electrically gated monolayer graphene. A silicon air-slot nanocavity provides strong overlap between the resonant optical field and graphene. Tuning the Fermi energy of the graphene layer to 0.85 eV enables strong control of its optical conductivity at telecom wavelengths, which allows modulation of cavity reflection in excess of 10 dB for a swing voltage of only 1.5 V. The cavity resonance at 1570 nm is found to undergo a shift in wavelength of nearly 2 nm, together with a 3-fold increase in quality factor. These observations enable a cavity-enhanced determination of graphene's complex optical sheet conductivity at different doping levels. Our simple device demonstrates the feasibility of high-contrast, low-power, and frequency-selective electro-optic modulators in graphene-integrated silicon photonic integrated circuits. C1 [Gan, Xuetao; Shiue, Ren-Jye; Yao, Xinwen; Li, Luozhou; Heinz, Tony F.; Englund, Dirk] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gao, Yuanda; Hone, James] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mak, Kin Fai; Heinz, Tony F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Szep, Attila; Walker, Dennis, Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Englund, Dirk] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Englund, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM englund@columbia.edu RI Gan, Xuetao/L-4029-2013; Heinz, Tony/K-7797-2015 OI Heinz, Tony/0000-0003-1365-9464 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research PECASE; National Science Foundation [DMR-1106225]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecule Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001085] FX Financial support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research PECASE, supervised by Dr. Gernot Pomrenke. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant DMR-1106225. Fabrication of the PPC was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Device assembly, including graphene transfer, and characterization was supported by the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecule Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001085. NR 37 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 12 U2 157 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1021/nl304357u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 091WC UT WOS:000315079500061 PM 23327445 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Knize, Randy J. TI Review of alkali laser research and development SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE alkali lasers; optically pumped lasers; diode laser pump; diode pumped alkali laser ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; INDUCED AMPLIFIED EMISSION; PUMPED CS LASER; SODIUM VAPOR; DIODE ARRAY; POTASSIUM LASER; RUBIDIUM LASER; METAL VAPOR; POWER AB In this review we present an analysis of optically pumped alkali laser research and development from the first proposal in 1958 by Schawlow and Townes to the current state. In spite of the long history, real interest in alkali vapor lasers has appeared in the past decade, after the demonstration of really efficient lasing in Rb and Cs vapors in 2003 and the first successful power scaling experiments. This interest was stimulated by the possibility of using efficient diode lasers for optical pumping of the alkali lasers and by the fact that these lasers can produce a high quality and high power output beam from a single aperture. We present a review of the most important achievements in high power alkali laser research and development, discuss some problems existing in this field, and provide future perspectives in diode pumped alkali laser development. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021010] C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Knize, Randy J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The research projects performed by U.S. Air Force Academy and described in this review were supported by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (JTO), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 70 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 021010 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021010 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092WX UT WOS:000315154800014 ER PT J AU Crownover, BK Covey, CJ AF Crownover, Brian K. Covey, Carlton J. TI Hereditary Hemochromatosis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; IRON-OVERLOAD; GENETIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; NONINVASIVE PREDICTION; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS; HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; LIVER-DISEASES; DIETARY IRON; METABOLISM AB Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that disrupts the body's regulation of iron. It is the most common genetic disease in whites. Men have a 24-fold increased rate of iron-overload disease compared with women. Persons who are homozygous for the HFE gene mutation C282Y comprise 85 to 90 percent of phenotypically affected persons. End-organ damage or clinical manifestations of hereditary hemochromatosis occur in approximately 10 percent of persons homozygous for C282Y. Symptoms of hereditary hemochromatosis are nonspecific and typically absent in the early stages. If present; symptoms may include weakness, lethargy, arthralgias, and impotence. Later manifestations include arthralgias, osteoporosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, and hypogonadism. Diagnosis requires confirmation of increased serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation, with or without symptoms. Subtyping is based on genotypic expression. Serum ferritin measurement is the most useful prognostic indicator of disease severity. Liver biopsy is performed to stage the degree of fibrosis with severe ferritin elevation or transaminitis, or to diagnose nonclassical hereditary hemochromatosis in patients with other genetic defects. Treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis requires phlebotomy, and the frequency is guided by serial measurements of serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation. Iron avidity can result from overtreatment. If iron avidity is not suspected, it may mimic undertreatment with persistently elevated transferrin saturation. Dietary modification is generally unnecessary. Universal screening for hereditary hemochromatosis is not recommended, but testing should be performed in first-degree relatives of patients with classical HFE-related hemochromatosis, those with evidence of active liver disease, and patients with abnormal iron study results. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma is reserved for those with hereditary hemochromatosis and cirrhosis. (Am Earn Physician. 2013; 87(3) :183-190. Copyright (C) 2013 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Crownover, Brian K.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Med Grp 99, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Covey, Carlton J.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Crownover, BK (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency Program, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd N, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 086GA UT WOS:000314670900008 PM 23418762 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Roslyak, O AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Roslyak, Oleksiy TI Effects of nonlocal plasmons in gapped graphene micro-ribbon array and two-dimensional electron gas on near-field electromagnetic response in the deep subwavelength regime SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; TRANSITIONS; POLARITONS; DYNAMICS AB A self-consistent theory involving Maxwell's equations and a density-matrix linear-response theory is solved for an electromagnetically coupled doped graphene micro-ribbon array (GMRA) and a quantum well (QW) electron gas sitting at an interface between a half-space of air and another half-space of a doped semiconductor substrate, which supports a surface-plasmon mode in our system. The coupling between a spatially modulated total electromagnetic (EM) field and the electron dynamics in a Dirac-cone of a graphene ribbon, as well as the coupling of the far-field specular and near-field higher-order diffraction modes, are included in the derived electron optical-response function. Full analytical expressions are obtained with nonlocality for the optical-response functions of a two-dimensional electron gas and a graphene layer with an induced bandgap, and are employed in our numerical calculations beyond the long-wavelength limit (Drude model). Both the near-field transmissivity and reflectivity spectra, as well as their dependence on different configurations of our system and on the array period, ribbon width, graphene chemical potential of QW electron gas and bandgap in graphene, are studied. Moreover, the transmitted E-field intensity distribution is calculated to demonstrate its connection to the mixing of specular and diffraction modes of the total EM field. An externally tunable EM coupling among the surface, conventional electron-gas and massless graphene intraband plasmon excitations is discovered and explained. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the dependence of the graphene-plasmon energy on the ribbon's width and chemical potential in this paper and the recent experimental observation given by [Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 630 - 634 (2011)] for a GMRA in the terahertz-frequency range. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Roslyak, Oleksiy] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 32 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 BP 755 EP 769 DI 10.1364/AO.52.000755 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 086LH UT WOS:000314684600041 PM 23385917 ER PT J AU Symons, WA Flynt, FL Mendiola, C Ortega, V Higgins, RA Velagaleti, GVN AF Symons, Wendy A. Flynt, Frederick L. Mendiola, Christina Ortega, Veronica Higgins, Russell A. Velagaleti, Gopalrao V. N. TI Cytogenetic abnormalities precede morphological abnormalities in developing malignant conditions: Report of 2 cases SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Follicular lymphoma; del(9)(q13q32); Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; BCL6; TCRAD; FISH; Morphology ID REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA; CHROMOSOMAL-ABNORMALITIES; MYELODYSPLASIA; SUBTYPES AB We previously hypothesized that cytogenetic abnormalities precede morphological abnormalities in developing malignant conditions. In this context we evaluated additional cases to further confirm that hypothesis. We report on 2 additional cases in which clonal cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in otherwise morphologically normal samples. Case 1 is a bone marrow from a 73 year old male with transformed follicular lymphoma (FL), while case 2 is a lymph node from a 53-year-old with lymphadenopathy, both referred to the cytogenetics laboratory for evaluation. A 73-year-old male presented with an enlarging left inguinal mass surrounding and obliterating the left iliac vein. A tissue core biopsy of the mass revealed recurrent high grade FL with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Examination of a random bone marrow biopsy of the adjacent left posterior iliac crest showed only mild hypercellularity (50%) and no evidence of malignancy, and the results were confirmed by flow cytometiy. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed an interstitial deletion, del (9)(q13q32). In case 2, morphologically the lymph node showed extensive paracortical hyperplasia with numerous eosinophils and no clear indication of a neoplastic process with no abnormal lymphoid population observed by flow. PCR studies for TCR gamma and IgH gene rearrangements were negative for clonality. Chromosome analysis demonstrated 47, XY,+add(1)(p22),t(3;14)(q27;q11.2)[13]/46,XY[7]. FISH studies showed a BCL6 gene rearrangement but no TCRAD rearrangement A subsequent inguinal lymph node biopsy showed DLBCL. These cases along with the other cases in the literature provide further evidence of genetic abnormalities preceding morphological abnormalities in developing malignant conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Symons, Wendy A.; Mendiola, Christina; Ortega, Veronica; Higgins, Russell A.; Velagaleti, Gopalrao V. N.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Flynt, Frederick L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Velagaleti, GVN (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, Mail Code 7750,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM velagaleti@uthscsa.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4800 J9 EXP MOL PATHOL JI Exp. Mol. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.10.003 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 090UW UT WOS:000315006500015 PM 23064050 ER PT J AU Andreev, AD Hendricks, KJ AF Andreev, Andrey D. Hendricks, Kyle J. TI Multicavity Magnetron With the "Rodded" Quasi-Metamaterial Cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cathode priming; computer simulations; metamaterial structures; relativistic magnetron ID IN-CELL SIMULATION; FAST OSCILLATION STARTUP; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; TRANSPARENT CATHODE; MODE; PERFORMANCE; IMPROVEMENT; EMISSION AB We report on the use of the "rodded" or the longitudinally oriented metal-thin-wire structure as the explosive-emission cathode in high-power multicavity magnetrons. The rodded structure is transparent to the time-varying induced electric field E-1 oscillating orthogonally to the individual rods or wires of the structure. The rods (wires) are longitudinally oriented, i.e., along the magnetron axis and parallel to the external dc axial magnetic field H-0. The mode pattern established within the magnetron resonant cavity corresponds to one of the TE-like cavity modes of the magnetron operation. This allows defining the rodded structure as the quasi-metamaterial (i.e., not-entirely-metamaterial) structure. Particle-in-cell simulations of the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory's six-cavity (AFRL-A6) L-band magnetron demonstrate that the rodded quasi-metamaterial cathode allows the magnetron to much more faster select the desired 2 pi/3 magnetron operating mode within the broader range of the input operating parameters (from 130 to 200 kV at 0.15 T), as compared with the same magnetron working with the traditional smooth cylindrical cathode (from 140 to 160 kV at 0.15 T). C1 [Andreev, Andrey D.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Raytheon Ktech, Adv Secur & Directed Energy Syst, Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Hendricks, Kyle J.] USAF, High Power Microwave Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andreev, AD (reprint author), Raytheon Missile Syst, Raytheon Ktech, Adv Secur & Directed Energy Syst, Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2238558 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 090JG UT WOS:000314974700020 ER PT J AU Pohlman, MR Greendyke, RB AF Pohlman, Mitchell R. Greendyke, Robert B. TI Parametric Analysis of Pylon-Aided Fuel Injection in Scramjet Engines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The current study investigates means to increase the efficiency of fuel-air mixing into supersonic flow upstream of a flame holding cavity. Previous work has shown much promise in increasing the penetration and mixing of a fuel-air mixture into the freestream by injecting fuel behind small triangular pylons. The current paper examines 21 triangular pylons of varying widths, heights, and lengths with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) performance analysis. Increasing the height of the pylons increased the penetration, flammable fuel plume area, and floor gap. Variations in pylon length had no discernible impact on the fuel-air mixing metrics. Aerodynamic loses were minimal for all pylon configurations and did not correlate to the absolute size of the pylons tested. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007735] C1 [Pohlman, Mitchell R.] USAF, Flutter Flight Test Team Lead, SEEK EAGLE Off, Carriage Mech Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Greendyke, Robert B.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pohlman, MR (reprint author), USAF, Flutter Flight Test Team Lead, SEEK EAGLE Off, Carriage Mech Div, 205 W D Ave, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2013 VL 135 IS 2 AR 024501 DI 10.1115/1.4007735 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 087FQ UT WOS:000314747100016 ER PT J AU Parco, JE Levy, DA AF Parco, James E. Levy, David A. TI Policy and Paradox: Grounded Theory at the Moment of DADT Repeal SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE Don't Ask Don't Tell; DADT; oral history; interviews; military culture; LBGT; service members; contradiction; gay policy; grounded theory ID GAY BAN UNDERMINE; ORAL-HISTORY; US MILITARY; DONT TELL; HOMOSEXUALS; ASK AB Through a mixed-methods approach of oral history and grounded theory, we report on a study investigating the effects of the U.S. military's Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy on active-duty service members at the moment of transition to open service. A stratified, snowball sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) service members (n = 17) from across all branches of the armed services were interviewed within two weeks of repeal (September 20, 2011). We find evidence that DADT was implicated in the structuring of military culture in terms of five irreconcilable contradictions: values, heroism, wartime, control, and silence. Military culture had moved in the direction of acceptance of LGBQ service members long before repeal, without the recognition of many leaders who had entered military service decades earlier. C1 [Parco, James E.] Colorado Coll, Dept Econ & Business, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Levy, David A.] USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Parco, JE (reprint author), 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM jim.parco@coloradocollege.edu NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 356 EP 380 DI 10.1080/00918369.2013.744925 PG 25 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 089NL UT WOS:000314917200012 PM 23414277 ER PT J AU Packard, GA AF Packard, Gary A., Jr. TI Unfriendly Fire: How the Gay Ban Undermines the Military and Weakens America SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Packard, Gary A., Jr.] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Packard, GA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM gary.packard@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 458 EP 461 DI 10.1080/00918369.2013.744934 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 089NL UT WOS:000314917200017 ER PT J AU Mortensen, DR AF Mortensen, Daniel R. TI Attitudes Aren't Free: Thinking Deeply About Diversity in the US Armed Forces SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Mortensen, Daniel R.] USAF, Res Inst, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Mortensen, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Inst, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. EM Daniel.mortensen@maxwell.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 462 EP 464 DI 10.1080/00918369.2013.744935 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 089NL UT WOS:000314917200018 ER PT J AU Samuels, SM AF Samuels, Steven M. TI How We Won: Progressive Lessons from the Repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Samuels, Steven M.] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Samuels, SM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Steven.Samuels@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1080/00918369.2013.744939 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 089NL UT WOS:000314917200021 PM 23414286 ER PT J AU McClung, AJW Tandon, GP Baur, JW AF McClung, Amber J. W. Tandon, Gyaneshwar P. Baur, Jeffery W. TI Deformation rate-, hold time-, and cycle-dependent shape-memory performance of Veriflex-E resin SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Shape memory polymer; Shape memory cycle; Deformation rate dependence; Stress relaxation ID POLYURETHANE SERIES; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; FILM AB Shape-memory polymers have attracted great interest in recent years for application in reconfigurable structures (for instance morphing aircraft, micro air vehicles, and deployable space structures). However, before such applications can be attempted, the mechanical behavior of the shape-memory polymers must be thoroughly understood. The present study represents an assessment of viscous effects during multiple shape-memory cycles of Veriflex-E, an epoxy-based, thermally triggered shape-memory polymer resin. The experimental program is designed to explore the influence of multiple thermomechanical cycles on the shape-memory performance of Veriflex-E. The effects of the deformation rate and hold times at elevated temperature on the shape-memory behavior are also investigated. C1 [McClung, Amber J. W.; Tandon, Gyaneshwar P.; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [McClung, Amber J. W.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Tandon, Gyaneshwar P.] Univ Dayton Res Ins, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP McClung, AJW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM McClungA2@asme.org NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 EI 1573-2738 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 17 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s11043-011-9157-6 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 089GZ UT WOS:000314900300004 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Adamovich, I Bisek, N Nishihara, M AF Poggie, J. Adamovich, I. Bisek, N. Nishihara, M. TI Numerical simulation of nanosecond-pulse electrical discharges SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION CONTROL; CROSS-SECTIONS; FLOW-CONTROL; AIR; NITROGEN; MIXTURES; OXYGEN; FLUID; IONIZATION; GENERATION AB Recent experiments with a nanosecond-pulse, dielectric barrier discharge at the stagnation point of a Mach 5 cylinder flow have demonstrated the formation of weak shock waves near the electrode edge, which propagate upstream and perturb the bow shock. This is a promising means of flow control, and understanding the detailed physics of the conversion of electrical energy into gas motion will aid in the design of efficient actuators based on the concept. In this work, a simplified configuration with planar symmetry was chosen as a vehicle to develop a physics-based model of nanosecond-pulse discharges, including realistic air kinetics, electron energy transport, and compressible bulk gas flow. A reduced plasma kinetic model (23 species and 50 processes) was developed to capture the dominant species and reactions for energy storage and thermalization in the discharge. The kinetic model included electronically and vibrationally excited species, and several species of ions and ground state neutrals. The governing equations included the Poisson equation for the electric potential, diffusion equations for each neutral species, conservation equations for each charged species, and mass-averaged conservation equations for the bulk gas flow. The results of calculations with this model highlighted the path of energy transfer in the discharge. At breakdown, the input electrical energy was transformed over a time scale on the order of 1 ns into chemical energy of ions, dissociation products, and vibrationally and electronically excited particles. About 30% of this energy was subsequently thermalized over a time scale of 10 mu s. Since the thermalization time scale was faster than the acoustic time scale, the heat release led to the formation of weak shock waves originating near the sheath edge, consistent with experimental observations. The computed translational temperature rise (40 K) and nitrogen vibrational temperature rise (370 K) were of the same order of magnitude as experimental measurements (50 K and 500 K, respectively), and the approach appears promising for future multi-dimensional calculations. The effectiveness of flow control actuators based on nanosecond-pulse, dielectric barrier discharges is seen to depend crucially on the rapid thermalization of input energy, in particular the rate of quenching of excited electronic states and the rate of electron-ion recombination. C1 [Poggie, J.; Bisek, N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adamovich, I.; Nishihara, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Adamovich, Igor/E-6172-2014 OI Adamovich, Igor/0000-0001-6311-3940 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund (CSIRF) of the Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RB) FX This project was sponsored in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (monitored by F Fahroo, AFOSR/RSL), and by a grant of High Performance Computing time from the Air Force Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center. Work at The Ohio State University was funded in part by the Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund (CSIRF) of the Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RB). The authors would like to thank M N Shneider for helpful discussions. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 75 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/22/1/015001 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 090GD UT WOS:000314966300006 ER PT J AU Buszek, RJ Lindsay, CM Boatz, JA AF Buszek, Robert J. Lindsay, C. Michael Boatz, Jerry A. TI Tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane (Nee CLL-1) as a Potential Explosive Ingredient: a Theoretical Study SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Ab initio calculations; Enthalpy of formation; Detonation velocity; Detonation pressure; Explosives; CLL-1; Tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane ID PLESSET PERTURBATION TREATMENT; DECOMPOSITION; SYSTEMS AB Ab initio electronic structure calculations at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level predict the vibrational stability of the theoretical molecule tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane, designated CLL-1. The gas phase enthalpy of formation, predicted to be +1029.3kJmol1 using the G3(MP2) method, and the estimated density of 1.87gcm3 are used to predict the explosive performance properties using the equilibrium thermochemical code CHEETAH. The predicted detonation velocity (8.61kms1) and pressure (33.1GPa) are similar to those of RDX, but with a significantly higher detonation temperature (6740K). Finally, the stability of this theoretical molecule is investigated by calculating the lowest energy unimolecular decomposition pathways of the HCO3N model compound as well as barriers to rearrangement upon interaction of two HCO3N molecules. C1 [Buszek, Robert J.; Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Propellants Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lindsay, C. Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Energet Mat Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32578 USA. RP Buszek, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propellants Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM c.lindsay@us.af.mil; Jerry.Boatz@edwards.af.mil FU National Research Council at the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002NZ, 3002NW] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Jeffrey D. Mills, who performed the CHEETAH calculations. This research was performed while R. J. B. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work is supported by research grants 3002NZ and 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Michael Berman Program Manager. A grant of computer time at the Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center, Stennis Space Center, MS, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 38 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1002/prep.201200156 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 090QO UT WOS:000314994200002 ER PT J AU Greener, T Petersen, D Pinske, K Petersen, A AF Greener, Trent Petersen, Drew Pinske, Kim Petersen, Andrew TI Traits of Successful Strength and Conditioning Coaches SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Working as a strength and conditioning coach is a challenging occupation by nature. Being an effective leader, and providing effective training programs and quality coaching, is a requirement in the profession. Because of this, we asked our panel of strength and conditioning coaches what traits (i.e., qualities individuals possess that are stableover time) and characteristics (i.e., learned or desirable skills) they believe are important in successful strength and conditioning coaches. C1 [Greener, Trent] Univ Wyoming, Athlet Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Petersen, Drew] Humboldt State Univ, Athlet Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pinske, Kim] USAF, Athlet Dept, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Petersen, Andrew] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA USA. RP Greener, T (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Athlet Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 90 EP 93 DI 10.1519/SSC.0b013e3182822597 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 088EK UT WOS:000314816400015 ER PT J AU Akers, B Nicholls, DP AF Akers, B. Nicholls, D. P. TI Spectral Stability of Deep Two-Dimensional Gravity-Capillary Water Waves SO STUDIES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-AMPLITUDE; INSTABILITIES; EXPANSION AB In this contribution we study the spectral stability problem for periodic traveling gravity-capillary waves on a two-dimensional fluid of infinite depth. We use a perturbative approach that computes the spectrum of the linearized water wave operator as an analytic function of the wave amplitude/slope. We extend the highly accurate method of Transformed Field Expansions to address surface tension in the presence of both simple and repeated eigenvalues, then numerically simulate the evolution of the spectrum as the wave amplitude is increased. We also calculate explicitly the first nonzero correction to the flat-water spectrum, which we observe to accurately predict the stability (or instability) for all amplitudes within the disk of analyticity of the spectrum. With this observation in mind, the disk of analyticity of the flat state spectrum is numerically estimated as a function of the Bond number and the Bloch parameter, and compared to the value of the wave slope at the first finite amplitude eigenvalue collision. C1 [Akers, B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Akers, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benjamin.akers@afit.edu NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2526 J9 STUD APPL MATH JI Stud. Appl. Math. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 130 IS 2 BP 81 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9590.2012.00574.x PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 090KR UT WOS:000314978500001 ER PT J AU Santhosh, U Ahmad, J John, R Ojard, G Miller, R Gowayed, Y AF Santhosh, Unni Ahmad, Jalees John, Reji Ojard, Greg Miller, Robert Gowayed, Yasser TI Modeling of stress concentration in ceramic matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Stress concentrations; Damage mechanics; Finite element analysis (FEA); Mechanical testing ID CRACKING AB This paper describes a mechanistic modeling approach that attempts to capture the dominant micromechanical deformation and damage mechanisms in woven composites over the temperature and stress ranges relevant to gas turbine engine components. The model is incorporated into a finite-element framework and applied to analyze stress concentration at holes. The materials considered in this study are two-dimensional woven SiC/SiC and SiC/MAS composites. The results include the strain field near circular holes and global load-displacement behavior of the structure. In each case, the model predictions are compared with experimental measurements. Based on these comparisons, conclusions are drawn regarding the efficacy of the modeling approach and needs for further investigations are identified. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santhosh, Unni; Ahmad, Jalees] Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [John, Reji] AFRL RXLM, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ojard, Greg; Miller, Robert] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Gowayed, Yasser] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Santhosh, U (reprint author), Struct Analyt Inc, POB 131447, Carlsbad, CA 92013 USA. EM usanthosh@structuralanalyticsinc.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX), WPAFB, Ohio, USA [FA8650-03-C-5228, F33615-01-C-5234] FX The experiments on notched MI Sylramic-iBN/SiC composite with strain gages were conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXL, Wright-Patterson AFB (WPAFB), OH. The authors appreciate the assistance of Dan Knapke of University of Dayton Research Institute in conducting these experiments. The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX), WPAFB, Ohio, USA, sponsored this work under contracts FA8650-03-C-5228 and F33615-01-C-5234. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1156 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.034 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 079ST UT WOS:000314193200123 ER PT J AU Courtney, A Berg, A Michalke, G Courtney, M AF Courtney, A. Berg, A. Michalke, G. Courtney, M. TI A History of Blast Exposure May Affect the Transmission Properties of Cranial Bone SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Traumatic brain injury; TBI; Blast injury; Cranial bone; Shock tube ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; WAVE; DAMAGE; MODEL; RAT AB An individual who has sustained mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) due to impact is more susceptible to a second concussion for a time, presumably due to the vulnerability of the injured brain tissue. This knowledge informed military guidelines regarding return to duty following blast-related TBI (bTBI). However, bone mechanics studies have shown that bone experiences hysteresis above certain strains as a result of microdamage, which suggests that blast exposure may also reduce the ability of the cranium itself to protect the brain from another blast. In the present study, the response of deer skull bone to blast wave exposure was measured. Oxy-acetylene driven laboratory scale shock tubes were used to produce realistic blast loading profiles. When a skull was exposed to peak blast pressures of about 600 kPa (measured with the sensor facing the direction of propagation of the blast wave) from a 41 mm diameter shock tube, the peak transmitted pressure gradually increased from 13.1 % to 40.2 % over five trials. This hysteresis was persistent and repeatable but was not observed with more localized loading. Future work could more specifically quantify blast thresholds at which persistent changes could be expected. Results from such work would further inform clinical decisions regarding return to activity following bTBI. The present results show that blast loading history of cranial bone should be understood and controlled in the design of related experiments. The results also underscore the need for accurate material properties and experimental validation of numerical models of the interaction of blast waves with the cranium. C1 [Courtney, A.] Force Protect Ind Inc, R&D, Ladson, SC 29456 USA. [Berg, A.; Michalke, G.; Courtney, M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Courtney, A (reprint author), Force Protect Ind Inc, R&D, 9801 Highway 78, Ladson, SC 29456 USA. EM amy_courtney@post.harvard.edu FU BTG Research, Colorado Springs, Colorado FX This work was supported in part by BTG Research, Colorado Springs, Colorado. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 53 IS 2 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s11340-012-9643-z PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 081CO UT WOS:000314294000016 ER PT J AU Li, YR Shen, LX Suter, BW AF Li, Yan-Ran Shen, Lixin Suter, Bruce W. TI Adaptive Inpainting Algorithm Based on DCT Induced Wavelet Regularization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE l(1) minimization; discrete cosine transform; framelet; inpainting; Moreau envelope ID SIMULTANEOUS CARTOON; IMAGE; RECOVERY; RECONSTRUCTION; MINIMIZATION; COMPLETION; VIDEO AB In this paper, we propose an image inpainting optimization model whose objective function is a smoothed l(1) norm of the weighted nondecimated discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the underlying image. By identifying the objective function of the proposed model as a sum of a differentiable term and a nondifferentiable term, we present a basic algorithm inspired by Beck and Teboulle's recent work on the model. Based on this basic algorithm, we propose an automatic way to determine the weights involved in the model and update them in each iteration. The DCT as an orthogonal transform is used in various applications. We view the rows of a DCT matrix as the filters associated with a multiresolution analysis. Nondecimated wavelet transforms with these filters are explored in order to analyze the images to be inpainted. Our numerical experiments verify that under the proposed framework, the filters from a DCT matrix demonstrate promise for the task of image inpainting. C1 [Li, Yan-Ran] Shenzhen Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Software Engn, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. [Shen, Lixin] Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Shen, Lixin] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RITB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Li, YR (reprint author), Shenzhen Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Software Engn, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. EM lyran@szu.edu.cn; lshen03@syr.edu; bruce.suter@rl.af.mil FU Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program [JC201105130443A]; Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [S2012040006740]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMS-0712827, DMS-1115523]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; Guangdong Provincial Government of China through the "Computational Science Innovative Research Team" Program FX The work of Y.-R. Li was supported in part by the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program under Grant JC201105130443A and the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation under Grant S2012040006740. The work of L. Shen was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-0712827 and Grant DMS-1115523, the 2011 Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, and the Guangdong Provincial Government of China through the "Computational Science Innovative Research Team" Program. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Ton Kalker. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 752 EP 763 DI 10.1109/TIP.2012.2222896 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 086VW UT WOS:000314717800028 PM 23060331 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Edwards, JM AF Alarcon, Gene M. Edwards, Jean M. TI Ability and Motivation: Assessing Individual Factors That Contribute to University Retention SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retention; personality; affectivity; motivation; ability ID DISCRETE-TIME SURVIVAL; ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE; NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY; COLLEGE PERFORMANCE; JOB-PERFORMANCE; CAUSAL MODEL; PERSONALITY; STUDENTS; ABSENTEEISM; STRESSORS AB The current study explored individual differences in ability and motivation factors of retention in first-year college students. We used discrete-time survival mixture analysis to model university retention. Parents' education, gender, American College Test (ACT) scores, conscientiousness, and trait affectivity were explored as predictors of retention. Results indicate gender, ACT scores, and conscientiousness are significant predictors of retention, but parents' education level was not a significant predictor. Positive affectivity and negative affectivity also were significant predictors of university retention when added to the model. Interestingly, once affectivity was added to the model, conscientiousness was no longer a significant predictor, indicating conscientiousness may be an amalgamation of motivation and ability. Implications for research and theory are discussed. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Edwards, Jean M.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2215 1st St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gene.alarcon@wpafb.af.mil NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-0663 J9 J EDUC PSYCHOL JI J. Educ. Psychol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1037/a0028496 PG 9 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 087DI UT WOS:000314741100008 ER PT J AU Gee, KL Neilsen, TB Downing, JM James, MM McKinley, RL McKinley, RC Wall, AT AF Gee, Kent L. Neilsen, Tracianne B. Downing, J. Micah James, Michael M. McKinley, Richard L. McKinley, Robert C. Wall, Alan T. TI Near-field shock formation in noise propagation from a high-power jet aircraft SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CRACKLE AB Noise measurements near the F-35A Joint Strike Fighter at military power are analyzed via spatial maps of overall and band pressure levels and skewness. Relative constancy of the pressure waveform skewness reveals that waveform asymmetry, characteristic of supersonic jets, is a source phenomenon originating farther upstream than the maximum overall level. Conversely, growth of the skewness of the time derivative with distance indicates that acoustic shocks largely form through the course of near-field propagation and are not generated explicitly by a source mechanism. These results potentially counter previous arguments that jet "crackle" is a source phenomenon. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Gee, Kent L.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.; Wall, Alan T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Downing, J. Micah; James, Michael M.] Blue Ridge Res & Consulting LLC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [McKinley, Richard L.; McKinley, Robert C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gee, KL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM kentgee@byu.edu; tbn@byu.edu; micah.downing@blueridgeresearch.com; michael.james@blueridgeresearch.com; richard.mckinley@wpafb.af.mil; robert.mckinley@wpafb.af.mil; alantwall@gmail.com FU F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Program Office; Air Force Research Laboratory through the SBIR program; Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University; U.S. Air Force FX The support of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Program Office is acknowledged. (Distribution A - Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited JSF12-991.) The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory through the SBIR program and support through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University, and the U.S. Air Force. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 133 IS 2 BP EL88 EP EL93 DI 10.1121/1.4773225 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 080TW UT WOS:000314267200004 PM 23363199 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, LP Upchurch, DC Schunemann, PG Mohnkern, L Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Upchurch, Derek C. Schunemann, Peter G. Mohnkern, Lee Guha, Shekhar TI Second-harmonic generation of a tunable continuous-wave CO2 laser in orientation-patterned GaAs SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; GROWTH; THICK; FILMS AB Tunable, mid-infrared radiation was obtained by frequency doubling of a continuous-wave CO2 laser in orientation-patterned GaAs crystal. Active cooling of the crystal minimized pump-induced thermal effects, allowing generation of output powers exceeding 300 mW across the wavelength range of 4.63-4.78 mu m. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Upchurch, Derek C.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Upchurch, Derek C.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.; Mohnkern, Lee] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Leonel.Gonzalez@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 3 BP 320 EP 322 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 085QP UT WOS:000314629600028 PM 23381424 ER PT J AU Murray, DH Pilmanis, AA Blue, RS Pattarini, JM Law, J Bayne, CG Turney, MW Clark, JB AF Murray, Daniel H. Pilmanis, Andrew A. Blue, Rebecca S. Pattarini, James M. Law, Jennifer Bayne, C. Gresham Turney, Matthew W. Clark, Jonathan B. TI Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Ebullism SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE explosive decompression; vacuum; high altitude; medical protocol ID VENOUS AIR-EMBOLISM; VACUUM; DOGS; DECOMPRESSION; PRESSURES; PATIENT AB MURRAY DH, PILMANIS AA, BLUE RS, PATTARINI JM, LAW J, BAYNE CG, TURNEY MW, CLARK JB. Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of ebullism. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:89-96. Introduction: Ebullism is the spontaneous evolution of liquid water in tissues to water vapor at body temperature when the ambient pressure is 47 mmHg or less. While injuries secondary to ebullism are generally considered fatal, some reports have described recovery after exposure to near vacuum for several minutes. The objectives of this article are to review the current literature on ebullism and to present prevention and treatment recommendations that can be used to enhance the safety of high altitude activities and space operations. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on currently available information and published literature of human and animal studies involving rapid decompression to vacuum and ebullism, with subsequent development of an applicable treatment protocol. Results: Available research on ebullism in human and animal subjects is extremely limited. Literature available identified key pathophysiologic processes and mitigation strategies that were used for treatment protocol design and outlining appropriate interventions using current best medical practices and technologies. Discussion: Available literature suggests that the pathophysiology of ebullism leads to predictable and often treatable injuries, and that many exposures may be survivable. With the growing number of high altitude and space-related activities, more individuals will be at risk for ebullism. An integrated medical protocol can provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of ebullism and help to mitigate this risk in the future. C1 [Murray, Daniel H.] Aerosp Med, Vandenberg AFB, CA USA. [Pilmanis, Andrew A.; Pattarini, James M.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Blue, Rebecca S.; Pattarini, James M.; Law, Jennifer] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Bayne, C. Gresham] Janus Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. [Turney, Matthew W.] Tillamook Emergency Serv Inc, Tillamook, OR USA. [Clark, Jonathan B.] Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Space Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Clark, JB (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Space Med, 6500 Main St,Suite 910, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jclark1@bcm.edu OI Clark, Jonathan/0000-0002-1162-1238 FU Red Bull Stratos high-altitude balloon program; University of Texas Medical Branch; Baylor College of Medicine; National Space Biomedical Research Institute FX This research was supported by the scientific and medical endeavors of the Red Bull Stratos high-altitude balloon program, and the work presented here would not have been possible without the dedication and support of the Stratos team, particularly Colonel Joe Kittinger, USAF (Ret.), Art Thompson, and Dr. Jim Bagian. Further, we acknowledge the support of the Percussionaire (R) Corporation for their dedication and interest in this work. Finally, the authors are indebted to the University of Texas Medical Branch, Baylor College of Medicine, and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute for their support of this research. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 84 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3468.2013 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 079VO UT WOS:000314200500001 PM 23447845 ER PT J AU Misak, HE Asmatulu, R Sabelkin, V Mall, S Kladitis, PE AF Misak, H. E. Asmatulu, R. Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. Kladitis, P. E. TI Tension-tension fatigue behavior of carbon nanotube wires SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SHEETS; YARNS AB The tension-tension fatigue behavior of three types of as-received carbon nanotube (CNT) wires, comprising of 30-, 60-, and 100-yam, was investigated. Fatigue tests were conducted at 35%, 50%, 60%, 75% and 80% of their ultimate tensile strengths which provided the fatigue life data (S-N curves). Their electrical conductivities were measured as a function of the number of cycles. Fatigue strength of the CNT wires at a given number of cycles decreased with an increase in the number of yams. Their electrical conductivity increased with increase of applied fatigue load and number of fatigue cycles. Damage and failure mechanisms involved relative sliding of yarns in CNT wires leading to the formation of kink bands, followed by plastic deformation and then breakage of yarns. Microtomography density measurements provided the evidence that the increase in conductivity was due to the reduction of micro/nano voids between and inside the yarns, which decreased with increasing fatigue load and number of fatigue cycles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Misak, H. E.; Sabelkin, V.; Mall, S.; Kladitis, P. E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asmatulu, R.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu FU U.S. Air Force; American Society for Engineering Education; Air Force Institute of Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Air Force, American Society for Engineering Education, and Air Force Institute of Technology for the support of this work. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.024 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 079SO UT WOS:000314192700026 ER PT J AU Guglielmotti, V Tamburri, E Orlanducci, S Terranova, ML Rossi, M Notarianni, M Fairchild, SB Maruyama, B Behabtu, N Young, CC Pasquali, M AF Guglielmotti, V. Tamburri, E. Orlanducci, S. Terranova, M. L. Rossi, M. Notarianni, M. Fairchild, S. B. Maruyama, B. Behabtu, N. Young, C. C. Pasquali, M. TI Macroscopic self-standing SWCNT fibres as efficient electron emitters with very high emission current for robust cold cathodes SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FIELD-EMISSION; LARGE-AREA; SIDE WALL; TIP; YARNS; FILMS; NEAT AB A novel of self-standing nanotube-based cold cathode is described. The electron emitter is a single macroscopic fibre spun from neat single wall carbon nanotubes and consists of an ensemble of nanotube bundles held together by van der Waals forces. Field emission measurements carried out using two different types of apparatus demonstrated the long working life of the realised cathode. The system is able to emit at very high current densities, up to 13 A/cm(2), and shows very low values of both turn on and threshold field, 0.12 V/mu m and 0.21 V/mu m, respectively. Such easy to handle self-standing electron sources assure good performances and represent an enabling technology for a scalable production of cold cathodes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guglielmotti, V.; Tamburri, E.; Orlanducci, S.; Terranova, M. L.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipto Sci & Tecnol Chim, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Rossi, M.; Notarianni, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipto Sci Base & Applicate Ingn, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Fairchild, S. B.; Maruyama, B.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Behabtu, N.; Young, C. C.; Pasquali, M.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn & Chem, Houston, TX USA. [Pasquali, M.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Rossi, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipto Sci Base & Applicate Ingn, Via A Scarpa, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM marcorossi@uniroma1.it RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; TAMBURRI, EMANUELA/M-7740-2015; Rossi, Marco/G-1689-2012 OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; TAMBURRI, EMANUELA/0000-0003-2643-8249; Rossi, Marco/0000-0001-7603-1805 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0207, FA9550-09-1-0590]; AFRL [FA8650-07-2-5061, 07-S568-0042-01-C1]; Welch Foundation [C-1668] FX This work was supported by AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-0207 & FA9550-09-1-0590), AFRL (FA8650-07-2-5061 & 07-S568-0042-01-C1), and the Welch Foundation (C-1668). NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.037 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 079SO UT WOS:000314192700039 ER PT J AU Rankin, BA Blunck, DL Gore, JP AF Rankin, Brent A. Blunck, David L. Gore, Jay P. TI Infrared Imaging and Spatiotemporal Radiation Properties of a Turbulent Nonpremixed Jet Flame and Plume SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE flame radiation; turbulent flames; nonintrusive measurement; stochastic analysis; infrared imaging ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRAL RADIATION; STOCHASTIC TIME; DIFFUSION FLAME; SIMULATION; FIRES; SOOT AB Radiation transfer from turbulent nonpremixed jet flames and plumes is important in many applications such as energy-efficient combustion systems, temperature sensitive pollutant control, and detection, control, and suppression of accidental fires. Combined spatial and temporal correlations of scalar values such as temperature and species concentrations affect the emitted radiation intensity. Spatiotemporal correlations and radiation intensity measurements downstream of the reacting parts of flames (plumes) have received limited attention. Motivated by this, planar time-dependent narrowband radiation intensity measurements are acquired of a turbulent nonpremixed flame and its plume using an infrared camera. Temporally and spatially correlated instantaneous realizations of local scalars and path integrated intensity values are calculated using a stochastic time and space series analysis, a narrowband radiation model, and the radiative transfer equation. The time-dependent infrared images reveal intermittent, low intensity regions in the plume characteristic of buoyancy-dominated transport. High radiation intensity structures are observed in the flame characteristic of momentum dominated flow and vorticity driven mixing. Normalized intensity fluctuations are nearly constant in the flame region, but increase by up to a factor of three in the plume. Normalized temporal correlations, power spectral density functions, and spatial correlations of the intensity are independent of the spatial location throughout both the flame and the plume. Spatial correlations of the radiation intensity exhibit approximately linear decay to half an integral length scale followed by an exponential decrement. The radiation intensity fluctuations remain spatially correlated up to separation distances two times larger than the integral length scale. Space-time cross correlations of the intensity fluctuations are measured for the first time and are shown to be more isotropic in comparison to the product of the spatial and temporal correlations. This suggests that a correction factor should be applied to the space-time correlation model in future stochastic calculations to account for the anisotropy. The infrared imaging technique, illustrated in this paper, is promising to be a useful qualitative and quantitative nonintrusive technique for studying both reacting and nonreacting flows. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007609] C1 [Rankin, Brent A.; Gore, Jay P.] Purdue Univ, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blunck, David L.] USAF, Combust Branch, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rankin, BA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, Sch Mech Engn, 500 Allison Rd, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM brankin@purdue.edu; david.blunck@wpafb.af.mil; gore@purdue.edu RI Rankin, Brent/A-1598-2017 OI Rankin, Brent/0000-0002-5967-9527 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2013 VL 135 IS 2 AR 021201 DI 10.1115/1.4007609 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 077OJ UT WOS:000314036700001 ER PT J AU Pusateri, AE Weiskopf, RB Bebarta, V Butler, F Cestero, RF Chaudry, IH Deal, V Dorlac, WC Gerhardt, RT Given, MB Hansen, DR Hoots, WK Klein, HG Macdonald, VW Mattox, KL Michael, RA Mogford, J Montcalm-Smith, EA Niemeyer, DM Prusaczyk, WK Rappold, JF Rassmussen, T Rentas, F Ross, J Thompson, C Tucker, LD AF Pusateri, Anthony E. Weiskopf, Richard B. Bebarta, Vikhyat Butler, Frank Cestero, Ramon F. Chaudry, Irshad H. Deal, Virgil Dorlac, Warren C. Gerhardt, Robert T. Given, Michael B. Hansen, Dan R. Hoots, W. Keith Klein, Harvey G. Macdonald, Victor W. Mattox, Kenneth L. Michael, Rodney A. Mogford, Jon Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth A. Niemeyer, Debra M. Prusaczyk, W. Keith Rappold, Joseph F. Rassmussen, Todd Rentas, Francisco Ross, James Thompson, Christopher Tucker, Leo D. CA US DoD Hemorrhage Resuscitation Re TI TRANEXAMIC ACID AND TRAUMA: CURRENT STATUS AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS WITH RECOMMENDED RESEARCH PRIORITIES SO SHOCK LA English DT Review DE Tranexamic acid; trauma; efficacy; safety; research requirements ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARDIAC-SURGERY; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; SEIZURES; APROTININ; HEMORRHAGE; TRANSFUSION; CRASH-2; SAFETY AB A recent large civilian randomized controlled trial on the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for trauma reported important survival benefits. Subsequently, successful use of TXA for combat casualties in Afghanistan was also reported. As a result of these promising studies, there has been growing interest in the use of TXA for trauma. Potential adverse effects of TXA have also been reported. A US Department of Defense committee conducted a review and assessment of knowledge gaps and research requirements regarding the use of TXA for the treatment of casualties that have experienced traumatic hemorrhage. We present identified knowledge gaps and associated research priorities. We believe that important knowledge gaps exist and that a targeted, prioritized research effort will contribute to the refinement of practice guidelines over time. C1 [Pusateri, Anthony E.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Weiskopf, Richard B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Butler, Frank] Def Hlth Board, Comm Tact Combat Casualty Care, Pensacola, FL USA. [Cestero, Ramon F.; Ross, James] USN, Med Res Unit, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Chaudry, Irshad H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Deal, Virgil] US Special Operat Command, Macdill AFB, FL USA. [Dorlac, Warren C.] Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Gerhardt, Robert T.; Rassmussen, Todd] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Given, Michael B.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Hoots, W. Keith] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Klein, Harvey G.] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Macdonald, Victor W.; Michael, Rodney A.] US Army Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Mattox, Kenneth L.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mogford, Jon] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. [Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Prusaczyk, W. Keith] USN, Med Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. [Rappold, Joseph F.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rentas, Francisco] US Armed Serv Blood Program Off, Falls Church, VA USA. [Thompson, Christopher] USN, Undersea Med Inst, Groton, CT USA. [Tucker, Leo D.] USA, Med Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Pusateri, AE (reprint author), USA, DoD Hemorrhage & Resuscitat Res & Dev Program, Combat Casualty Care Res Program, Med Res & Mat Command, Bldg 722, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM anthony.pusateri@amedd.army.mil RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD FEB PY 2013 VL 39 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1097/SHK.0b013e318280409a PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 080ZF UT WOS:000314282900002 PM 23222525 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP Galvagno, SM Plunkett, A Harris, D Kurihara, C Turabi, A Rehrig, S Buckenmaier, CC Chelly, JE AF Cohen, Steven P. Galvagno, Samuel M. Plunkett, Anthony Harris, Diamond Kurihara, Connie Turabi, Ali Rehrig, Scott Buckenmaier, Chester C., III Chelly, Jacques E. TI A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study Evaluating Preventive Etanercept on Postoperative Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY; FACTOR-ALPHA; RISK-FACTORS; GROIN HERNIA; THORACIC-SURGERY; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; LIMB AMPUTATION; PHANTOM LIMB; NERVE AB BACKGROUND: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) affects between 5% and 70% of surgical patients, depending on the surgery. There is no reliable treatment for CPSP which has led to an increased emphasis on prevention. In this study, we sought to determine whether preventive etanercept can decrease the magnitude of postoperative pain and reduce the incidence of CPSP METHODS: We performed a multicenter, randomized study in 7:7 patients comparing subcutaneous etanercept 50 mg administered 90 minutes before inguinal hernia surgery with saline. Patients, surgeons, anesthesiologists, the injecting physician, nursing staff, and evaluators were blinded. The primary outcome measure was a 24-hour numerical rating scale pain score. Secondary outcome measures were postanesthesia care unit pain scores, 24-hour opioid requirements, time to first analgesic, and pain scores recorded at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS: Mean 24-hour pain scores were 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-4.6) in the etanercept and 3.9 (95% Cl, 2.6-4.0) in the control group (P = 0.22). The mean number of analgesic pills used in the first 24 hours was 4.0 (SD, 2.8) in the treatment versus 5.8 (SD, 4.2) in the control group (P = 0.03). At 1 month, 10 patients (29%) in the treatment group reported pain versus 21 (49%) control patients (P = 0,08). The presence of pain at 1 month was significantly associated with pain at 3 months (hazard ratio, 0.74; 99% CI, 0.52-0.97; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Although preventive etanercept was superior to saline in reducing postoperative pain on some measures, the effect sizes were small, transient, and not statistically significant. Different dosing regimens in a larger population should be explored in future studies. (Anesth Analg 2013;116:455-62) C1 [Cohen, Steven P.; Kurihara, Connie; Turabi, Ali; Buckenmaier, Chester C., III] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Rehrig, Scott] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Cohen, Steven P.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Galvagno, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Joint Base Andrews, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Plunkett, Anthony] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Harris, Diamond; Chelly, Jacques E.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Buckenmaier, Chester C., III] Def & Vet Ctr Integrat Pain Management, Rockville, MD USA. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 550 N Broadway,Suite 301, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM scohen40@jhmi.edu OI rehrig, scott/0000-0002-1287-9708 FU Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Rockville, MD FX Supported in part by a Congressional Grant from the Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Rockville, MD. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 116 IS 2 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318273f71c PG 8 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 078DJ UT WOS:000314078300030 PM 23302973 ER PT J AU Crisp, HC Johnson, KS AF Crisp, Howard C. Johnson, Kimberly S. TI Mosquito allergy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACTS; WHOLE-BODY EXTRACTS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BITE REACTIONS; CLINICAL-RELEVANCE; IGG ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; CETIRIZINE C1 [Crisp, Howard C.; Johnson, Kimberly S.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Med, Div Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Crisp, HC (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.crisp@us.af.mil NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 110 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2012.07.023 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 078PK UT WOS:000314111400002 PM 23352522 ER PT J AU Allen, C Valco, D Toulson, E Edwards, T Lee, T AF Allen, Casey Valco, Daniel Toulson, Elisa Edwards, Tim Lee, Tonghun TI Ignition behavior and surrogate modeling of JP-8 and of camelina and tallow hydrotreated renewable jet fuels at low temperatures SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Autoignition; Rapid compression machine; Hydrotreated renewable jet fuels; JP-8 ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; COMBUSTION; MIXTURES AB The autoignition characteristics of the conventional jet fuel, JP-8, and the alternative jet fuels, camelina and tallow hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels, are investigated using a rapid compression machine and the direct test chamber charge preparation approach. Ignition delay measurements are made at low compressed temperatures (625 K <= T-c <= 730 K), compressed pressures of p(c) = 5, 10, and 20 bar, and equivalence ratios of phi = 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 in air. The HRJ fuels ignite more readily than JP-8 for all tested conditions, consistent with derived cetane number data in the literature. The camelina and tallow HRJ fuels exhibit similar autoignition characteristics, but the two fuels can be distinguished under stoichiometric conditions. Kinetic modeling is conducted with a 2-component surrogate (10% n-dodecane/90% 2-methylundecane) and a single component surrogate (2-methylnonane) to evaluate the potential to predict ignition behavior of the HRJ fuels. Modeling results indicate that the surrogate fuels can only provide useful predictions at a limited set of conditions (p(c) = 5 bar and phi = 1.0), and that the agreement of the model and experimental data improves with decreasing compressed pressure. Under most conditions, the 2-component surrogate provides better prediction of ignition behavior, but the single component surrogate is superior at low pressures near the negative temperature coefficient region. (c) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, Casey; Valco, Daniel; Toulson, Elisa; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Edwards, Tim] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2555 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tonghun@msu.edu RI Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) [SP4701-11-C-0011] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) under Contract SP4701-11-C-0011. Additionally, the authors acknowledge Michigan State University - RTSF - Mass Spectrometry Core for graciously providing access to the GC/MS instrumentation. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD FEB PY 2013 VL 160 IS 2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.10.008 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 068ZU UT WOS:000313405500002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, J Kostka, S Roy, S Gord, J Ganguly, B AF Schmidt, Jacob Kostka, Stanislav Roy, Sukesh Gord, James Ganguly, Biswa TI kHz-rate particle-image velocimetry of induced instability in premixed propane/air flame by millisecond pulsed current-voltage SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Laminar combustion; Pulsed electric field; Particle image velocimetry ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; HEAT RELEASE; PRESSURE; ADEQUACY; SPEED AB Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed at 6 kHz repetition rate in a premixed propane/air flame to examine the effects caused by applied millisecond-wide pulsed voltage-current below self-sustained breakdown. We have demonstrated significant structural changes to a burner-stabilized downward-propagating atmospheric pressure propane/air flame with overall flow speeds near 2 m/s with +3 kV pulsed applied voltages over 30 mm gaps. Phase-locked, 2 kHz broadband emission measurements of flame structure were also collected to support the PIV velocity data. The combined high-speed Ply and flame emission measurements were both capable of capturing changes from a single applied voltage pulse rather than using a phase matching approach requiring a highly repeatable disturbance as done previously [1]. The measured reductions in flame height, increases in local flow speeds, generation of large velocity gradients, and rapid oscillations in flame front are suggestive of an induced turbulence in an otherwise laminar flame. Taylor microscale lengths were calculated from the kHz PIV data and structures comparable to the reaction zone thickness were shown to increase during the applied voltage pulse. The timescale under which the flame flow changes combined with the accompanying flame emission measurements suggest that flame fluidics are modified by ion drift current induced net body force in or near the cathode fall at the base of the flame. The reduction in overall flame height and increase in speed near the base of the flame is suggestive of a 'virtual' bluff-body present in the flow. These fluidic changes force the flame to transition from a laminar to a highly unstable, transitioning to turbulence regime. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Jacob; Kostka, Stanislav; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James; Ganguly, Biswa] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, J (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM JSchmidt@SpectralEnergies.com OI Schmidt, Jacob/0000-0002-9855-6319 FU AFOSR; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008] FX Funding for this research was provided by AFOSR and the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No: FA8650-10-C-2008. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD FEB PY 2013 VL 160 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.10.013 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 068ZU UT WOS:000313405500006 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Jones, TP AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Jones, T. P. TI Tension-compression fatigue of a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite at 1200 degrees C in air and in steam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs); Fatigue; High-temperature properties; Mechanical properties; Fractography ID CREEP-BEHAVIOR; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; FAILURE; DAMAGE; SIBC; CMCS AB Tension-compression fatigue behavior of a non-oxide ceramic composite with a multilayered matrix was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam. The composite was produced via chemical vapor infiltration (CVO. The composite had an oxidation inhibited matrix, which consisted of alternating layers of silicon carbide and boron carbide and was reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon (TM) fibers. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbide overlay applied. Tension-compression fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 80 to 200 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz. Presence of steam significantly degraded the fatigue performance. Specimens that achieved fatigue run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. The material retained 100% of its tensile strength. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Jones, T. P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB PY 2013 VL 47 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.08.006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 069WH UT WOS:000313467300016 ER PT J AU Branch, NA Arakere, NK Forster, N Svendsen, V AF Branch, Nathan A. Arakere, Nagaraj K. Forster, Nelson Svendsen, Vaughn TI Critical stresses and strains at the spall edge of a case hardened bearing due to ball impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Rolling contact fatigue; Spall propagation; Ball bearings; Case hardened steels; Finite elements ID ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE; SILICON-NITRIDE; AISI 52100; PROPAGATION; FAILURE; LIFE; M50; TECHNOLOGY; PREDICTION; HARDNESS AB Short spall propagation times of failing main shaft ball bearings of aircraft engines are a serious safety concern for single engine aircraft. Bearing designers would like to understand the impact of four variables namely (i) ball material density, (ii) subsurface residual stress, (iii) gradient in yield strength with depth (case hardening), and (iv) raceway surface hardness/yield strength that are thought to affect spall propagation. Extensive spall propagation experiments have been conducted at AFRL, Ohio in the past few years to address this issue. However, a detailed mechanistic analysis of these experiments has not been performed. This work presents an elastic plastic finite element (FE) model that simulates a ball impacting a spall edge to determine the relative contributions of the four material variables on spall propagation. The magnitude and extent of damage of the spall edge material is determined based on critical stresses and plastic strains induced by the ball impact. The results indicate that the influence of ball density is greatest on inducing damage at the impacted spall edge when compared to the other three properties, which also agrees with the hybrid bearing spall propagation tests conducted at AFRL (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Branch, Nathan A.; Forster, Nelson; Svendsen, Vaughn] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arakere, Nagaraj K.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Arakere, NK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Nagaraj@ufl.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB PY 2013 VL 47 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.09.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 069WH UT WOS:000313467300028 ER PT J AU Hanchak, MS Briones, AM Ervin, JS Byrd, LW AF Hanchak, Michael S. Briones, Alejandro M. Ervin, Jamie S. Byrd, Larry W. TI One-dimensional models of nanoliter droplet evaporation from a hot surface in the transition regime SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Droplet evaporation; Transition regime; One-dimensional model; Kinetic mass flux; Accommodation coefficient ID COOLING HEAT-TRANSFER; CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WATER; VAPORIZATION; VAPOR AB A novel one-dimensional model of the evaporation of liquid water droplets from a hot surface is presented. The one-dimensional finite-difference model solves the governing equations of continuity, momentum, species and energy within the gaseous phase in spherical coordinates. The model includes the Hertz-Knudsen kinetic evaporative mass flux with a correction for the transitional regime that exists between continuum and molecular length-scales. The accommodation coefficient of the kinetic mass flux is constant and set to unity while the droplet thermal conductance is a multiple of the thermal conductivity of water. The model employs a uniform discretization of the spherical vapor region surrounding the droplet and a one-dimensional conduction model of the droplet itself. The model can also emulate pinned and de-pinned contact lines based on a geometric expression. Several theories of evaporative mass flux in the transition regime are compared. Droplet evaporation data is acquired with a standard dispensing/imaging system and high-speed photography. The calculated, transient droplet volumes are compared to experimental evaporation data of sessile droplets ranging from 30 to 80 mu m initial radius (0.06-1.4 nanoliters). Simplification of the one-dimensional equations leads to a semi-analytical model. Good agreement is achieved between both models and the experimental data. Results indicate that the evaporation process is a greater resistance to overall heat transfer than conduction through the droplet itself, which is consistent with the previous results of axisymmetric volume-of-fluid (VOF) models. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanchak, Michael S.; Briones, Alejandro M.; Ervin, Jamie S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanchak, MS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Michael.Hanchak.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2303BR5P] FX This material is based on research sponsored by US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. 2303BR5P. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the US Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 57 IS 2 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.10.008 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 074YD UT WOS:000313850100005 ER PT J AU Rosa, W Packard, T Krupanand, A Bilbro, JW Hodal, MM AF Rosa, Wilson Packard, Travis Krupanand, Abishek Bilbro, James W. Hodal, Max M. TI COTS integration and estimation for ERP SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Enterprise Resource Planning; Effort estimation; Cost model; Schedule estimation; Software engineering ID PROJECTS AB This paper presents a comprehensive set of effort and schedule estimating models for predicting Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementations, available in the open literature. The first set of models uses product size to predict ERP software engineering effort as well as total integration effort. Product size is measured in terms of the number of report, interface, conversion, and extension (RICE) objects configured and customized within the commercial ERP tool. Total integration effort captures software engineering plus systems engineering, program management, change management, development test & evaluation, and training development. The second set of models predicts the duration of ERP implementation stages in terms of RICE objects, staffing, and the number of test cases. The statistical models are based on data collected from 20 programs implemented within the federal government over the course of nine years beginning in 2000. The data was collected during the time period from 2006 to 2010. The models focus on the vendor's implementation team, and therefore should be applicable to commercial ERP implementations. Finally, ERP adopters/customers can use these models to validate Vendor's Implementation Team cost proposals or estimates. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosa, Wilson; Packard, Travis; Krupanand, Abishek] USAF, Cost Anal Agcy, Washington, MD 20762 USA. RP Rosa, W (reprint author), USAF, Cost Anal Agcy, 1500 W Perimeter Rd,Suite 3500, Washington, MD 20762 USA. EM wilson.rosa@pentagon.af.mil; travis.packard@pentagon.af.mil; abishek.krupanand@pentagon.af.mil; jbci@knology.net; Max.Hodal@wyle.com NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 86 IS 2 BP 538 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2012.09.030 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 071NI UT WOS:000313600700020 ER PT J AU Tsang, L Ding, KH Huang, SW Xu, XL AF Tsang, Leung Ding, Kung-Hau Huang, Shaowu Xu, Xiaolan TI Electromagnetic Computation in Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Random Rough Surface and Dense Media in Microwave Remote Sensing of Land Surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Review DE Active remote sensing; computational electromagnetics; dense medium; electromagnetic wave scattering; random medium; rough surface; snow; soil ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CANONICAL-GRID METHOD; QUASI-CRYSTALLINE APPROXIMATION; DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; SMALL-SLOPE APPROXIMATION; BACKSCATTERING ENHANCEMENT; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; DRY SNOW; MODEL AB Active and passive microwave remote sensing has been used for monitoring the soil moisture and snow water equivalent. In the interactions of microwaves with bare soil, the effects are determined by scattering of electromagnetic waves by random rough surfaces. In the interactions of microwaves with terrestrial snow, the effects are determined by volume scattering of dense media characterized by densely packed particles. In this paper, we review the electromagnetic full-wave simulations that we have conducted for such problems. In volume scattering problems, one needs many densely packed scatterers in a random medium sample to simulate the physical solutions. In random rough surface scattering problems, one needs many valleys and peaks in the sample surface. In random media and rough surface problems, the geometric characterizations of the media and computer generations of statistical samples of the media are also challenges besides electromagnetic computations. In the scattering of waves by soil surfaces, we consider the soil to be a lossy dielectric medium. The random rough surface is characterized by Gaussian random processes with exponential correlation functions. Surfaces of exponential correlation functions have fine-scale structures that cause significant radar backscattering in active microwave remote sensing. Fine-scale features also cause increase in emission in passive microwave remote sensing. We apply Monte Carlo simulations of solving full 3-D Maxwell's equations for such a problem. A hybrid UV/PBTG/SMCG method is developed to accelerate method of moment solutions. The results are illustrated for coherent waves and incoherent waves. We also illustrate bistatic scattering, backscattering, and emissivity which are signatures measured in microwave remote sensing. For the case of scattering by terrestrial snow, snow is a dense medium with densely packed ice grains. We have used two models: densely packed particles and bicontinuous media. For the case of densely packed particles, we used the Metropolis shuffling method to simulate the positions of particles. The particles are also allowed to have adhesive properties. The Foldy-Lax equations of multiple scattering are used to study scattering from the densely packed spherical particles. The results are illustrated for the coherent waves and incoherent waves. For the case of bicontinuous media, the method developed by Cahn is applied to construct the interfaces from a large number of stochastic sinusoidal waves with random phases and directions. The volume scattering problem is then solved by using CGS-FFT. We illustrate the results of frequency and polarization dependence of such dense media scattering. C1 [Tsang, Leung; Huang, Shaowu; Xu, Xiaolan] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ding, Kung-Hau] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsang, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tsang@ee.washington.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Manuscript received September 19, 2011; revised July 7, 2012; accepted July 19, 2012. Date of publication September 27, 2012; date of current version January 16, 2013. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The work of K.-H. Ding was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 53 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD FEB PY 2013 VL 101 IS 2 SI SI BP 255 EP 279 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2214011 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 073DT UT WOS:000313724400005 ER PT J AU Cooke, DT David, EA AF Cooke, David T. David, Elizabeth A. TI Large-Bore and Small-Bore Chest Tubes: Types, Function, and Placement SO THORACIC SURGERY CLINICS LA English DT Article DE Chest tubes; Small bore; Large bore; Effusions; French ID MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS; PIGTAIL CATHETERS; DRAINAGE; COMPLICATIONS; PNEUMOTHORAX; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; SIZE AB Large-Bore and Small-Bore Chest Tubes: Types, Function, and Placement David T. Cooke and Elizabeth A. David Chest tubes are placed in the pleural space, either surgically or percutaneously to evacuate abnormal fluid and air. Indications for chest tubes include therapeutic drainage of pleural conditions such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, empyema, chylothorax, and malignant effusions, as well as prophylaxis drainage of air, blood, and other fluids after chest surgery. This article characterizes the types of chest tubes, reviews the basic techniques for insertion, and describes the comparative effectiveness between large-bore and small-bore chest tubes. C1 [Cooke, David T.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Gen Thorac Surg Program, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [David, Elizabeth A.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Cooke, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Gen Thorac Surg Program, 2221 Stockton Blvd,Suite 2117, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM david.cooke@ucdavis.ucdmc.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1547-4127 J9 THORAC SURG CLIN JI Thorac. Surg. Clin. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2012.10.006 PG 9 WC Respiratory System; Surgery SC Respiratory System; Surgery GA 075DJ UT WOS:000313863700004 PM 23206714 ER PT J AU Cao, YC Yu, WW Ren, W Chen, GR AF Cao, Yongcan Yu, Wenwu Ren, Wei Chen, Guanrong TI An Overview of Recent Progress in the Study of Distributed Multi-Agent Coordination SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Distributed coordination; formation control; multi-agent system; sensor network ID MULTIVEHICLE COOPERATIVE CONTROL; PLANAR COLLECTIVE MOTION; MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS; CONSENSUS ALGORITHMS; SWITCHING-NETWORKS; VEHICLE FORMATIONS; GOSSIP ALGORITHMS; TRACKING CONTROL; TIME-DELAYS; SYSTEMS AB This paper reviews some main results and progress in distributed multi-agent coordination, focusing on papers published in major control systems and robotics journals since 2006. Distributed coordination of multiple vehicles, including unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and unmanned underwater vehicles, has been a very active research subject studied extensively by the systems and control community. The recent results in this area are categorized into several directions, such as consensus, formation control, optimization, and estimation. After the review, a short discussion section is included to summarize the existing research and to propose several promising research directions along with some open problems that are deemed important for further investigations. C1 [Cao, Yongcan] USAF, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yu, Wenwu] Southeast Univ, Dept Math, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yu, Wenwu] RMIT Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Ren, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Chen, Guanrong] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), USAF, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Ren, Wei/G-7369-2011; Yu, Wenwu/G-5496-2012; OI Ren, Wei/0000-0002-2818-9752; Yu, Wenwu/0000-0003-3755-179X; Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185; Chen, Guanrong/0000-0003-1381-7418 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1213291]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61104145, 61120106010]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China [BK2011581]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20110092120024]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China; Hong Kong RGC under GRF [CityU1114/11E]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under CAREER Award ECCS-1213291, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61104145 and Grant 61120106010, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant BK2011581, the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant 20110092120024, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, and the Hong Kong RGC under GRF Grant CityU1114/11E. The work of Y. Cao was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Paper no. TII-11-375. NR 130 TC 387 Z9 403 U1 45 U2 291 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1551-3203 EI 1941-0050 J9 IEEE T IND INFORM JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1109/TII.2012.2219061 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 061HR UT WOS:000312839600045 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Roy, AK Michalak, TJ Lee, J Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Michalak, Tyler J. Lee, Jonghoon Farmer, Barry L. TI Effect of Curing and Functionalization on the Interface Thermal Conductance in Carbon Nanotube-Epoxy Composites SO JOM LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HEAT-FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; ENHANCEMENT; SUSPENSIONS; TRANSPORT AB This study investigates the interface thermal conductance in a functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT)-epoxy composite system and how it is modified when the surrounding matrix is cured. We have used nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the interface thermal conductance in both cured and uncured matrices, based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (EPON-862) and diethylenetoluenediamine. The functionalization is modeled using a dynamic crosslinking algorithm and represents a realistic model of the matrix-filler interface. The thermal interface conductance increases linearly with the degree of functionalization up to the studied 2.5% due to stronger thermal coupling between functionalized CNT and the matrix. In addition, it was observed that curing of the matrix increases the interface conductance by 20% relative to the uncured matrix. This increase is attributed to an increase in thermal conductivity of cured epoxy resulting from relative enhancement in nonbonded interactions (originating from volume reduction) and structural rigidity during curing. Our results suggest that the interface conductance can be strongly influenced by the thermal properties of the bulk matrix as well as the interface chemistry of the additives such as CNTs. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Lee, Jonghoon; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Michalak, Tyler J.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Lab [2302BR7P]; Minority Leaders Program FX The authors thank Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee (Air Force Office of Scientific Research Lab Task# 2302BR7P) and Minority Leaders Program for the financial support for this work. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center (AFRL-DSRC) High Performance Computing for the computational resources to carry out reported simulations. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD FEB PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s11837-012-0505-z PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 064HM UT WOS:000313064800005 ER PT J AU Moller, JC Barr, SA Schultz, EJ Breitzman, TD Berry, RJ AF Moller, J. C. Barr, S. A. Schultz, E. J. Breitzman, T. D. Berry, R. J. TI Simulation of Fracture Nucleation in Cross-Linked Polymer Networks SO JOM LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MODEL EPOXY THERMOSETS; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES; STRESSED POLYMERS; YIELDING BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; MECHANISM; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION AB A novel atomistic simulation method is developed whereby polymer systems can undergo strain-rate-controlled deformation while bond scission is enabled. The aim is to provide insight into the nanoscale origins of fracture. Various highly cross-linked epoxy systems including various resin chain lengths and levels of nonreactive dilution were examined. Consistent with the results of physical experiments, cured resin strength increased and ductility decreased with increasing cross-link density. An analysis of dihedral angle activity shows the locations in the molecular network that are most absorptive of mechanical energy. Bond scission occurred principally at cross-link sites as well as between phenyl rings in the bisphenol moiety. Scissions typically occurred well after yield and were accompanied by steady increases in void size and dihedral angle motion between bisphenol moieties and at cross-link sites. The methods developed here could be more broadly applied to explore and compare the atomistic nature of deformation for various polymers such that mechanical and fracture properties could be tuned in a rational way. This method and its results could become part of a solution system that spans multiple length and time scales and that could more completely represent such mechanical events as fracture. C1 [Moller, J. C.; Barr, S. A.; Schultz, E. J.; Breitzman, T. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Composites Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moller, J. C.] Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Barr, S. A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Schultz, E. J.] Chenega Fed Syst LLC, Lorton, VA 22079 USA. [Berry, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Soft Matter Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moller, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Composites Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mollerjc@muohio.edu FU Low Density Materials program of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [11RX06COR]; Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This work is supported by the Low Density Materials program of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research task number 11RX06COR and Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate contract number FA8650-07-D-5800. The facilities of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory-Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center were also utilized. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD FEB PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 147 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s11837-012-0511-1 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 064HM UT WOS:000313064800006 ER PT J AU Sinha, V Spowart, JE AF Sinha, V. Spowart, J. E. TI Influence of interfacial carbide layer characteristics on thermal properties of copper-diamond composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HEAT SINK APPLICATIONS; NONCONDUCTING INCLUSIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CU/DIAMOND COMPOSITES; POWDER-METALLURGY; EXPANSION; FABRICATION; RESISTANCE; CR AB Copper-diamond composites are increasingly being considered for thermal management applications because of their attractive combination of properties, such as high thermal conductivity (lambda) and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). In this research, thermal properties of Cu-diamond composites with two different types of interfacial carbides (Cr3C2 and SiC) were studied. The interface thermal conductance (h(c)) was calculated with Maxwell mean-field and differential effective medium schemes, wherein experimentally measured lambda was entered as an input parameter. The lambda and h(c) of both the Cu-Cr3C2-diamond and Cu-SiC-diamond composites are higher than those reported in previous studies for Cu-diamond composites with no interfacial carbides. The value of h(c) is intimately related to the morphology and thickness of the interface carbide layer, with the highest h(c) being associated with a thin and continuous interface carbide layer. A lower h(c) resulting from a thicker Cr3C2 layer can provide an alternate explanation for a previously reported trend in lambda of Cu-Cr3C2-diamond composites with different Cr-contents. The experimentally measured CTE was compared with the Turner and Kerner model predictions. The CTE of both the Cu-Cr3C2-diamond and Cu-SiC-diamond composites is lower and better matches the model predictions than the previously reported CTE of Cu-diamond composite with no interfacial carbides. The CTE of Cu-Cr3C2-diamond composites agrees better with the Kerner model than the Turner model, which suggests that deformation during temperature excursions involves shear. C1 [Sinha, V.; Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sinha, V.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sinha, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.sinha@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [11RX02COR]; [F33615-04-D-5235]; [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Thermal Sciences Portfolio (Program Manager: Dr. Joan Fuller, LRIR # 11RX02COR) and performed at Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (Contract # F33615-04-D-5235 and FA8650-10-D-5226). The authors thank Dr. S. Ganguli (UDRI) and Dr. A. Roy (AFRL) for help in initiating thermal property measurements. Dr. F. Meisenkothen (UES, Inc.) and Mr. Jared Shank (UES, Inc.) helped with the carbide layer thickness measurements via EPMA-GMRFILM Model. Drs. C. Muratore and B.M. Howe (both at AFRL) helped with the Profilometry and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry experiments to determine the thickness of metal thin films. We acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Bob Lewis (UES, Inc.) with acid dissolution experiments and with specimen preparation for microstructural examination. Thanks to Mr. Henry "Mic" Meeks of AM2T, LLC (formerly Ceracon, Inc.) for providing consolidated Cu-SiC-diamond composite, and to Dr. Thomas Schubert (IFAM, Dresden, Germany) for providing virgin diamond particles for nitrogen analysis. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1330 EP 1341 DI 10.1007/s10853-012-6878-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 062FO UT WOS:000312904900043 ER PT J AU El-Awady, JA Uchic, MD Shade, PA Kim, SL Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Woodward, C AF El-Awady, Jaafar A. Uchic, Michael D. Shade, Paul A. Kim, Sang-Lan Rao, Satish I. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Woodward, Christopher TI Pre-straining effects on the power-law scaling of size-dependent strengthening in Ni single crystals SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Dislocation density; Size effects; Pre-straining; Nickel microcrystals; Discrete dislocation dynamics ID DISLOCATION; COMPRESSION; PLASTICITY; PILLARS; FLOW AB We report experimental and three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics measurements to characterize the effect of high starting dislocation density on size-affected flow. Microcrystals were focused ion beam milled into a pre-strained bulk Ni single crystal to obtain a dense heterogeneous dislocation cell structure. The strength-scaling exponent is shown to decreases considerably with increasing dislocation density. Cutting the pre-existing forest during microcrystal fabrication can lead to alternate pathways for the advancing slipped areas to defeat the forest, resulting in a lower strength than the pre-strained bulk crystal. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [El-Awady, Jaafar A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Uchic, Michael D.; Shade, Paul A.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.; Woodward, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Sang-Lan; Rao, Satish I.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP El-Awady, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jelawady@jhu.edu RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010 OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; DoD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program at the AFRL-DoD Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC) FX Support from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and by computer resources grant from the DoD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program at the AFRL-DoD Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC). NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.10.035 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 055NE UT WOS:000312422800011 ER PT J AU Anderson, BE Blocher, JD Bretthauer, KM Venkataramanan, MA AF Anderson, Bradley E. Blocher, James D. Bretthauer, Kurt M. Venkataramanan, Munirpallam A. TI An efficient network-based formulation for sequence dependent setup scheduling on parallel identical machines SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Sequence-dependent setups; Scheduling; Mixed integer programming; Earliness; Tardiness ID MULTIPLE TIME WINDOWS; TARDINESS PENALTIES; EARLINESS AB This paper compares the efficacy of a newly developed network-based mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation with three existing formulations for the sequence dependent setup scheduling problem with earliness/tardiness penalties. This research shows that the new model is more efficient in terms of computation time for larger multi-machine problems than the existing formulations of these problems. The mixed-integer nature of the formulation allows companies to solve this class of problems with any one of many commonly available integer programming software packages. The presented MIP formulation provides a unique and useful method of conceptualizing and modeling a practical, yet difficult, problem within industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Anderson, Bradley E.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blocher, James D.; Bretthauer, Kurt M.; Venkataramanan, Munirpallam A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Operat & Decis Technol, Kelley Sch Business, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Anderson, BE (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bradley_anderson@sbcglobal.net NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2012.06.029 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 048LA UT WOS:000311911700016 ER PT J AU Vernon, JP Zhao, AD Vergara, R Song, H Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF Vernon, Jonathan P. Zhao, Aaron D. Vergara, Rafael Song, Hyunmin Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Photostimulated control of laser transmission through photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystals SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL DOPANTS; PITCH; HOST AB Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are selectively reflective optical materials, the color of which can be tuned via electrical, thermal, mechanical, or optical stimuli. In this work, we show that self-regulation of the transmission of a circularly polarized incident beam can occur upon phototuning of the selective reflection peak of a photosensitive CLC mixture towards the pump wavelength. The autonomous behavior occurs as the red-shifting selective reflection peak approaches the wavelength of the incident laser light. Once the red-edge of the CLC bandgap and incident laser wavelength overlap, the rate of tuning dramatically slows. The dwell time (i.e., duration of the overlap of stimulus wavelength with CLC bandgap) is shown to depend on the radiation wavelength, polarization, and intensity. Necessary conditions for substantial dwell time of the CLC reflection peak at the pump beam wavelength include irradiation with low intensity light (similar to 1mW/cm(2)) and the utilization of circularly polarized light of the same handedness as the helical structure within the CLC. Monitoring the optical properties in both reflection and transmission geometries elucidates differences associated with attenuation of the light through the thickness of the CLC film. (C)2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Zhao, Aaron D.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Zhao, Aaron D.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Vergara, Rafael; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Song, Hyunmin] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77521 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Vernon, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; DoD SBIR program FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the DoD SBIR program. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 1645 EP 1655 DI 10.1364/OE.21.001645 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104JT UT WOS:000315989500033 PM 23389150 ER PT J AU Huang, SY Wu, BL Foong, SH AF Huang, Shao Ying Wu, Bae-lan Foong, Shaohui TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factor distribution for nanoparticles of arbitrary shapes using surface integral equation method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; SERS; OPTICS AB Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai (PMCHWT) surface integral equation method is applied for the first time to accurately estimate the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor distribution for arbitrary nanoparticles and nano-aggregates. It is the first time in literature that the distributions of SERS enhancement factors of nanoparticles of a large variety are reported. It is shown that not every SERS substrate exhibits a long-tail distribution as a dimer consisting of two spheres in close proximity. Generic methods are proposed to evaluate the performance of nanoparticles on SERS substrates. A cumulative distribution is proposed to examine the contributions of hot and warm spots around the nanoparticles. It is used to identify the importance of warm spots on a SERS substrate. A parameter q is proposed to describe the likelihood of a randomly positioned molecule that can be activated. This study provides guidance and insights for the optimization of SERS substrate fabrication techniques. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789022] C1 [Huang, Shao Ying] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Huang, Shao Ying; Foong, Shaohui] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore 138682, Singapore. [Wu, Bae-lan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, SY (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shaoying@mit.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 4 AR 044304 DI 10.1063/1.4789022 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 086XZ UT WOS:000314724500106 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Rumchik, CG Smith, MJ Fernando, KAS Crouse, CA Spowart, JE Guliants, EA Bunker, CE AF Lewis, W. K. Rumchik, C. G. Smith, M. J. Fernando, K. A. S. Crouse, C. A. Spowart, J. E. Guliants, E. A. Bunker, C. E. TI Comparison of post-detonation combustion in explosives incorporating aluminum nanoparticles: Influence of the passivation layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; FLAME; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; REACTIVITY; TRANSITION; AIR AB Aluminum nanoparticles and explosive formulations that incorporate them have been a subject of ongoing interest due to the potential of aluminum particles to dramatically increase energy content relative to conventional organic explosives. We have used time-resolved atomic and molecular emission spectroscopy to monitor the combustion of aluminum nanoparticles within the overall chemical dynamics of post-detonation fireballs. We have studied the energy release dynamics of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) charges incorporating three types of aluminum nanoparticles: commercial oxide-passivated nanoparticles, oleic acid-capped aluminum nanoparticles (AlOA), and nanoparticles in which the oxide shell of the particle has been functionalized with an acrylic monomer and copolymerized into a fluorinated acrylic matrix (AlFA). The results indicate that the commercial nanoparticles and the AlFA nanoparticles are oxidized at a similar rate, while the AlOA nanoparticles combust more quickly. This is most likely due to the fact that the commercial nano-Al and the AlFA particles are both oxide-passivated, while the AlOA particles are protected by an organic shell that is more easily compromised than an oxide layer. The peak fireball temperatures for RDX charges containing 20 wt. % of commercial nano-Al, AlFA, or AlOA were similar to 3900 K, similar to 3400 K, and similar to 4500 K, respectively. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790159] C1 [Lewis, W. K.; Fernando, K. A. S.; Guliants, E. A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rumchik, C. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Smith, M. J.; Bunker, C. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, C. A.; Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, C. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM wlewis2@udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory under NanoEnergetics Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-07-1-0026] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding and facilities provided for this work by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the NanoEnergetics Program, funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the support of Dr. Michael Berman, and the financial support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA, Grant No. HDTRA-07-1-0026) for development of the AlOA particles. We would also like to thank Mr. Rick Beesley and Mr. Mark Grimmonpre for their assistance in conducting these experiments. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 4 AR 044907 DI 10.1063/1.4790159 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 086XZ UT WOS:000314724500148 ER PT J AU Lorenz, A Zimmermann, N Kumar, S Evans, DR Cook, G Martinez, MF Kitzerow, HS AF Lorenz, Alexander Zimmermann, Natalie Kumar, Satyendra Evans, Dean R. Cook, Gary Martinez, Manuel Fernandez Kitzerow, Heinz-S TI Doping a Mixture of Two Smectogenic Liquid Crystals with Barium Titanate Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMECTIC-A-PHASE; ORDER-PARAMETER; BINARY-MIXTURES; TRANSITION; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; DISORDER AB A mixture of two smectic liquid crystals was doped with harvested ferroelectric barium titanate nanoparticles and investigated with wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering during cooling from the isotropic phase. A decrease in the isotropic to nematic and in the nematic to partially bilayer smectic-A(d) (SmA(d)) phase transition temperatures was observed accompanied by an increase of the layer spacing in the SmA(d) phase. C1 [Lorenz, Alexander; Zimmermann, Natalie; Kitzerow, Heinz-S] Univ Paderborn, Dept Chem, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Evans, Dean R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Martinez, Manuel Fernandez] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Kitzerow, HS (reprint author), Univ Paderborn, Dept Chem, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. EM heinz.kitzerow@uni-paderborn.de FU German Research Foundation [KI 411/14, GRK 1464]; European Science Foundation (EUROCORES, SONS II); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001412] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Theyencheri Narayanan (ESRF) for his excellent support and valuable discussions. Financial support by the German Research Foundation (KI 411/14 and GRK 1464), the European Science Foundation (EUROCORES, SONS II, "Self-organized nanostructures"), the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and (S.K.) the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences grant DE-SC0001412 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 24 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 3 BP 937 EP 941 DI 10.1021/jp310624c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 079XJ UT WOS:000314205200022 PM 23244774 ER PT J AU Roslyak, O Gumbs, G Huang, DH AF Roslyak, O. Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong TI Plasmons in single- and double-component helical liquids: Application to two-dimensional topological insulators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS AB The plasmon excitations in proposed single- and double-component helical liquid (HL) models are investigated within the random-phase approximation by calculating the density-density, spin-density, and spin-spin waves. The effect due to broken time-reversal symmetry on intraband-plasmon dispersion relation in the single-component HL system is analyzed and compared to those of well-known cases, such as conventional quasi-one-dimensional electron gases and armchair graphene nanoribbons. In the long-wavelength limit, the dispersion of the collective excitations provided by the density-density response of the single-component HL matches that of spin-density response of the two-component HL. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.045121 C1 [Roslyak, O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Roslyak, O.; Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roslyak, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, 4200 W Jemez Rd 300, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM avroslyak@gmail.com FU AFRL [FA9453-11-01-0263]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by the Contract No. FA9453-11-01-0263 of AFRL. D.H. would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 22 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 045121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.045121 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 076FF UT WOS:000313941200007 ER PT J AU Chen, B Bastian, TS White, SM Gary, DE Perley, R Rupen, M Carlson, B AF Chen, Bin Bastian, T. S. White, S. M. Gary, D. E. Perley, R. Rupen, M. Carlson, B. TI TRACING ELECTRON BEAMS IN THE SUN'S CORONA WITH RADIO DYNAMIC IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: radio radiation ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARE; X-RAYS; BURSTS; EMISSION; SPIKES; PLASMA; YOHKOH; JETS AB We report observations of type III radio bursts at decimeter wavelengths (type IIIdm bursts)-signatures of suprathermal electron beams propagating in the low corona-using the new technique of radio dynamic imaging spectroscopy provided by the recently upgraded Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. For the first time, type IIIdm bursts were imaged with high time and frequency resolution over a broad frequency band, allowing electron beam trajectories in the corona to be deduced. Together with simultaneous hard X-ray and extreme ultraviolet observations, we show that these beams emanate from an energy release site located in the low corona at a height below similar to 15 Mm, and propagate along a bundle of discrete magnetic loops upward into the corona. Our observations enable direct measurements of the plasma density along the magnetic loops, and allow us to constrain the diameter of these loops to be less than 100 km. These overdense and ultra-thin loops reveal the fundamentally fibrous structure of the Sun's corona. The impulsive nature of the electron beams, their accessibility to different magnetic field lines, and the detailed structure of the magnetic release site revealed by the radio observations indicate that the localized energy release is highly fragmentary in time and space, supporting a bursty reconnection model that involves secondary magnetic structures for magnetic energy release and particle acceleration. C1 [Chen, Bin] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bastian, T. S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [White, S. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Gary, D. E.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Solar Terr Res, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Perley, R.; Rupen, M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Carlson, B.] Natl Res Council Canada, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. OI Gary, Dale/0000-0003-2520-8396 FU NSF [AGS-1010652]; NRAO through the Resident Shared Risk Observing program FX The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The authors thank the teams of SDO/AIA, SDO/HMI, STEREO/EUVI, STEREO/WAVES and RHESSI for providing the relevant data. B. C. acknowledges support by NSF grant AGS-1010652 to the University of Virginia and support from the NRAO through the Resident Shared Risk Observing program. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 1 AR L21 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/763/1/L21 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 071CY UT WOS:000313564500021 ER PT J AU Shellhamer, DF Bunting, SA Hickle, KR Horn, PC Milligan, JC Shipowick, DE Smith, LB Vandenbroek, DJ Perry, MC Boatz, JA AF Shellhamer, Dale F. Bunting, Summer A. Hickle, Kelli R. Horn, Parker C. Milligan, Jacob C. Shipowick, Danielle E. Smith, Lincoln B. Vandenbroek, David J. Perry, Marc C. Boatz, Jerry A. TI Kinetic Studies on the Reaction of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate with Monofluoroalkenes: Experimental Evidence for Both Stepwise and Concerted Mechanisms and a Pre-equilibrium Complex on the Reaction Pathway SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-SHELL; OLEFINS; CYCLOADDITION; DENSITY; SYSTEMS AB Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) is reported to react with hydrocarbon alkenes by a stepwise dipolar pathway to give N-chlorosulfonyl-beta-lactams that are readily reduced to beta-lactams. Substitution of a vinyl hydrogen for a vinyl fluorine changes the dynamics for reaction with CSI so that a concerted pathway is favored. Rate constants were measured for reactions of CSI with monofluoroalkenes and some hydrocarbon alkenes. Activation parameters for two hydrocarbon alkenes and two monofluoroalkenes support this change in mechanism. A plot generated from the natural log of rate constants vs ionization potentials (IP) indicates that fluoroalkenes with IP values >8.9 eV react by a concerted process. Electron-rich monofluoroalkenes with IP values <8.5 eV were found to react by a single-electron transfer (SET) pathway. Hydrocarbon alkenes were also found to react by this dipolar stepwise SET intermediate rather than the previously accepted stepwise dipolar pathway. Data support a pre-equilibrium complex on the reaction pathway just before the rate-determining step of the concerted pathway and a SET intermediate for the stepwise reactions. When the reactions are carried out at lower temperatures, the equilibrium shifts toward the complex or SET intermediate enhancing the synthetic utility of these reactions. Kinetic data also support formation of a planar transition state rather than the orthogonal geometry as reported for ketene [2 + 2] cycloadditions. C1 [Shellhamer, Dale F.; Bunting, Summer A.; Hickle, Kelli R.; Horn, Parker C.; Milligan, Jacob C.; Shipowick, Danielle E.; Smith, Lincoln B.; Vandenbroek, David J.; Perry, Marc C.] Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Shellhamer, DF (reprint author), Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dshellha@pointloma.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF-RUI) [CHE-0640547]; Research Associates of Point Loma University (PLNU); National Science Foundation (NSF MRI) [CHE-0417731] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF-RUI Grant No. CHE-0640547) and Research Associates of Point Loma University (PLNU), our science alumni support group. We also acknowledge our use of the 400 MHz NMR at the University of San Diego obtained by support from the National Science Foundation (NSF MRI Grant No. CHE-0417731). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JAN 18 PY 2013 VL 78 IS 2 BP 246 EP 252 DI 10.1021/jo3016488 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 077DS UT WOS:000314008700005 PM 23237081 ER PT J AU Pan, SJ Kota, AK Mabry, JM Tuteja, A AF Pan, Shuaijun Kota, Arun K. Mabry, Joseph M. Tuteja, Anish TI Superomniphobic Surfaces for Effective Chemical Shielding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; OIL-REPELLENT SURFACES; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; SUPEROLEOPHOBIC SURFACES; DROP IMPACT; ALUMINUM; FILMS; OLEOPHOBICITY; WETTABILITY; INTERFACES AB Superomniphobic surfaces display contact angles >150 degrees and low contact angle hysteresis with essentially all contacting liquids. In this work, we report surfaces that display superomniphobicity with a range of different non-Newtonian liquids, in addition to superomniphobicity with a wide range of Newtonian liquids. Our surfaces possess hierarchical scales of re-entrant texture that significantly reduce the solid-liquid contact area. Virtually all liquids including concentrated organic and inorganic acids, bases, and solvents, as well as viscoelastic polymer solutions, can easily roll off and bounce on our surfaces. Consequently, they serve as effective chemical shields against virtually all liquids-organic or inorganic, polar or nonpolar, Newtonian or non-Newtonian. C1 [Pan, Shuaijun; Kota, Arun K.; Tuteja, Anish] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Rocket Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tuteja, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM atuteja@umich.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0017, LRIR-12RZ03COR]; Hunan University; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Dr. Charles Y.-C. Lee and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for financial support under grants FA9550-11-1-0017 and LRIR-12RZ03COR. We also thank the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund. S.P. thanks Dr. Weijian Xu, Hunan University, and the China Scholarship Council for financial support. NR 47 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 19 U2 293 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 2 BP 578 EP 581 DI 10.1021/ja310517s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 075XP UT WOS:000313920800013 PM 23265660 ER PT J AU Sandhu, SS Fellner, JP AF Sandhu, Sarwan S. Fellner, Joseph P. TI Model formulation and simulation of a solid-state lithium-based cell SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Lithium; Solid-state; Modeling; Diffusion; Transient; Thermodynamics ID CATHODE MATERIALS AB The analytical formulation presented here is for the prediction of the performance of a solid-state lithium anode/lithium-insertion cathode cell that is limited by solid-state diffusion in the cathode active material. Transient, dimensionless solid-state lithium-ion concentration-incorporating group profiles have been computed for a cell whose performance is controlled by lithium-ion diffusion in the cathode active material. The analytical equation for the voltage loss associated with solid-state lithium-ion diffusion and the resultant solid-state lithium-ion concentration profile in the cathode active material has been developed. To provide examples of the application of the developed formulation, generated numerical data are shown in the form of plots. Preliminary determination of the lithium ion diffusion coefficient in a dilithium phthalocyanine cathode active material from cell discharge data, and the determination of the activity coefficient and reversible cell voltage of an aerogel-based LiV2O5 cathode active material as a function of lithium intercalation have been performed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sandhu, Sarwan S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fellner, Joseph P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sandhu, SS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ssandhu1@udayton.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 88 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.110 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 091UW UT WOS:000315076300066 ER PT J AU Paul, R Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Amama, PB Ganguli, S Roy, AK Zemlyanov, D Fisher, TS AF Paul, R. Voevodin, A. A. Hu, J. J. Amama, P. B. Ganguli, S. Roy, A. K. Zemlyanov, D. Fisher, T. S. TI Boron-carbon-nitrogen foam surfaces for thermal physisorption applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Porous carbon; Boron nitrogen doping; Desorption; Enthalpy; Thermal conductivity ID X-RAY ELECTRON; ADSORPTION; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; BCN AB A surface chemical treatment of highly porous carbon foams was adopted to synthesize boron-carbon-nitrogen (B-C-N) foams for thermal energy storage and release using an adsorption/desorption cycle with lightweight hydrocarbons. Microwave treatment in boric acid and urea was used to modify carbon foams with a B-C-N surface. Depending on the initial carbon foam state, B-C-N surface layers were produced with both amorphous and crystalline structures. The resultant B-C-N foams were characterized by TEM, XPS, XRD, FESEM and Raman measurements to quantify their stoichiometry, structure, and morphology. Adsorption enthalpy with methanol and thermal stability of foams was analyzed with DSC and TGA respectively. Thermal conductivity was measured by a transient laser flash technique. Results indicate that the crystalline graphitic carbon foam produces superior B-C-N surfaces compared to amorphous carbon foam. The crystalline B-C-N foams are found to provide the highest adsorption capacity, better thermal and oxidation stability. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paul, R.; Voevodin, A. A.; Zemlyanov, D.; Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.; Hu, J. J.; Amama, P. B.; Ganguli, S.; Roy, A. K.; Fisher, T. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amama, P. B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM paul24@purdue.edu; tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures [FA9550-12-1-0037] FX The authors are thankful to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, FA9550-12-1-0037) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures (PM: Dr. Joycelyn Harrison), for financial support of this work. Thanks are due to Prof. Pipes and C. R. Misiego of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, for their help in the DSC and TGA study. We are thankful to Purdue's Birck Nanotechnology Center staff for their assistance and cooperation. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 528 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.08.059 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 078RB UT WOS:000314115800032 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Voevodin, AA Paul, R Altfeder, I Zemlyanov, D Zakharov, DN Fisher, TS AF Kumar, A. Voevodin, A. A. Paul, R. Altfeder, I. Zemlyanov, D. Zakharov, D. N. Fisher, T. S. TI Nitrogen-doped graphene by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Rapid synthesis; Nitrogen doping ID FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; CNX THIN-FILMS; CARBON; GROWTH; MOLECULES; GRAPHITE; CELLS AB Rapid synthesis of nitrogen-doped, few-layer graphene films on Cu foil is achieved by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The films are doped during synthesis by introduction of nitrogen gas in the reactor. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy reveal crystal structure and chemical characteristics. Nitrogen concentrations up to 2 at.% are observed, and the limit is linked to the rigidity of graphene films on copper surfaces that impedes further nitrogen substitutions of carbon atoms. The entire growth process requires only a few minutes without supplemental substrate heating and offers a promising path toward large-scale synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene films. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, A.; Voevodin, A. A.; Paul, R.; Zemlyanov, D.; Zakharov, D. N.; Fisher, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.; Altfeder, I.; Fisher, T. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kumar50@purdue.edu; tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures [FA9550-12-1-0037] FX The authors are thankful to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, FA9550-12-1-0037) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures (PM: Dr. Joycelyn Harrison), for financial support of this work. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 528 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.07.142 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 078RB UT WOS:000314115800045 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Jiang, NB Gord, JR Roy, S AF Hsu, Paul S. Jiang, Naibo Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Fiber-coupled, 10 kHz simultaneous OH planar laser-induced fluorescence/particle-image velocimetry SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FLOWS AB Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle-image velocimetry (PIV) techniques that employ free-standing optics face severe challenges when implemented in harsh environments associated with practical combustion facilities because of limited optical access and restrictions on operation of sensitive laser systems. To circumvent this problem, we have developed and implemented a fiber-coupled, high-speed ultraviolet (UV) PLIF/PIV system for measuring hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration and velocity in a realistic 4 MW combustion rig. This system permits delivery of high-power, 10 kHz, nanosecond-duration OH-PLIF excitation pulses (283 nm) and PIV pulses (532 nm) through a common 6 m long, 600 mu m core, deep-UV-enhanced multimode fiber. Simultaneous OH-PLIF and PIV imaging at a data-acquisition rate of 10 kHz is demonstrated in turbulent premixed flames behind a bluff body. The effects of delivering high-repetition-rate, intense UV and visible beams through a long optical fiber are investigated, and potential system improvements are discussed. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU AFOSR; AFRL [FA8650-12-C-2200] FX Funding for this research was provided by the AFOSR (C. Li, Program Manager) and by the AFRL under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 2 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 071ZF UT WOS:000313636600017 PM 23454938 ER PT J AU Kolsti, KF Kunz, DL AF Kolsti, Kyle F. Kunz, Donald L. TI A point collocation method for geometrically nonlinear membranes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Membrane; Nonlinear; Collocation; Validation ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; PSEUDOTRANSIENT CONTINUATION; CONVERGENCE AB This paper describes the development of a numerical model for geometrically nonlinear membranes and evaluates its performance for membranes at static equilibrium. The scheme has several features not commonly seen in structural finite element analysis: the point collocation method, group formulation, and a staggered mesh. In the point collocation finite element method, the partial differential equations are solved at each node instead of by integrating over elements. The group formulation simplifies the handling of nonlinearities by interpolating the nonlinear products of variables, as opposed to seeking the product of independently interpolated variables. The domain is discretized with a staggered mesh of linear triangles and associated polygons. Two sequential gradient recovery operations are performed: first the gradients of the linear triangles are calculated and converted to stresses; then, polygon derivative shape functions derived in this paper are used to determine the internal forces from the stress gradients. The resulting system of nonlinear equations is solved with a Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov solver. The code is first verified using the patch test and the method of manufactured solutions. Then the results are validated using experimental data and benchmark code results in the literature for the Hencky problem (a circular membrane with a fixed perimeter and uniform inflation pressure). The observed rates of convergence for both displacement and radial strain were two. For the configurations and grids used in this investigation, the scheme was suitable for accurately predicting sub-hyperelastic deformations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kolsti, Kyle F.; Kunz, Donald L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kolsti, KF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kyle.kolsti@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA01103J001] FX This research was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant No. F1ATA01103J001. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.08.025 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 056WE UT WOS:000312521300002 ER PT J AU Slipchenko, MN Miller, JD Roy, S Gord, JR Meyer, TR AF Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Miller, Joseph D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Meyer, Terrence R. TI All-diode-pumped quasi-continuous burst-mode laser for extended high-speed planar imaging SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; NON-PREMIXED FLAMES; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TURBULENT FLAMES; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; KHZ; SYSTEM; OH; DIAGNOSTICS; GENERATION AB An all-diode-pumped, multistage Nd:YAG amplifier is investigated as a means of extending the duration of high-power, burst-mode laser pulse sequences to an unprecedented 30 ms or more. The laser generates 120 mJ per pulse at 1064.3 nm with a repetition rate of 10 kHz, which is sufficient for a wide range of planar laser diagnostics based on fluorescence, Raman scattering, and Rayleigh scattering, among others. The utility of the technique is evaluated for image sequences of formaldehyde fluorescence in a lifted methane-air diffusion flame. The advantages and limitations of diode pumping are discussed, along with long-pulse diode-bar performance characteristics to guide future designs. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Miller, Joseph D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Slipchenko, MN (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFRL [FA8650-12-C-2200] FX The authors are grateful to C. Dedic of Iowa State University for technical assistance. This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager) and the AFRL under contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 14 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1364/OE.21.000681 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104JF UT WOS:000315988100092 PM 23388961 ER PT J AU Ma, L Li, XS Sanders, ST Caswell, AW Roy, S Plemmons, DH Gord, JR AF Ma, Lin Li, Xuesong Sanders, Scott T. Caswell, Andrew W. Roy, Sukesh Plemmons, David H. Gord, James R. TI 50-kHz-rate 2D imaging of temperature and H2O concentration at the exhaust plane of a J85 engine using hyperspectral tomography SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TURBULENT FLAMES; DIAGNOSTICS; THERMOMETRY; COMBUSTION; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; KHZ AB This paper describes a novel laser diagnostic and its demonstration in a practical aero-propulsion engine (General Electric J85). The diagnostic technique, named hyperspectral tomography (HT), enables simultaneous 2-dimensional (2D) imaging of temperature and water-vapor concentration at 225 spatial grid points with a temporal response up to 50 kHz. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such sensing capabilities have been reported. This paper introduces the principles of the HT techniques, reports its operation and application in a J85 engine, and discusses its perspective for the study of high-speed reactive flows. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lin; Li, Xuesong] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Caswell, Andrew W.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Plemmons, David H.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37839 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM LinMa@vt.edu RI Ma, Lin/A-9441-2012; Li, Xuesong/C-4844-2014; Li, Xuesong/I-5723-2016 OI Li, Xuesong/0000-0003-3835-8000; FU Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR [FA8650-09-C-2946]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Photonics Technology Access Program (PTAP) program FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2946. The authors also acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager). Some components used in the construction of the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter laser (FFP-TFL) were provided by the NSF/DARPA-sponsored Photonics Technology Access Program (PTAP) program, monitored by Marko Slusarczuk. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 14 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1152 EP 1162 DI 10.1364/OE.21.001152 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104JF UT WOS:000315988100139 PM 23389008 ER PT J AU Abboud, JE Chong, XY Zhang, MJ Zhang, ZL Jiang, NB Roy, S Gord, JR AF Abboud, Jacques E. Chong, Xinyuan Zhang, Mingjun Zhang, Zhili Jiang, Naibo Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Photothermally activated motion and ignition using aluminum nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOTUBES; SOLAR; CELLS; SIZE AB The aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) are demonstrated to serve as active photothermal media, to enhance and control local photothermal energy deposition via the photothermal effect activated by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and amplified by Al NPs oxidation. The activation source is a 2-AA-battery-powered xenon flash lamp. The extent of the photothermally activated movement of Al NPs can be similar to 6 mm. Ignition delay can be similar to 0.1 ms. Both scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements of motion-only and afterignition products confirm significant Al oxidation occurs through sintering and bursting after the flash exposure. Simulations suggest local heat generation is enhanced by LSPR. The positive-feedback effects from the local heat generation amplified by Al oxidation produce a large increase in local temperature and pressure, which enhances movement and accelerates ignition. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4776660] C1 [Abboud, Jacques E.; Chong, Xinyuan; Zhang, Mingjun; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abboud, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 FU NSF [CBET-1032523]; ARO [W911NF-10-10114]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C- 2008] FX We acknowledge the encouragement and support from AFOSR program manager Dr. Chiping Li for this work. The work at the University of Tennessee Knoxville was supported by NSF CBET-1032523 and ARO W911NF-10-10114. Funding for Spectral Energies is provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-10-C- 2008. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 2 AR 023905 DI 10.1063/1.4776660 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072KQ UT WOS:000313670200114 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Rumchik, CG Smith, MJ AF Lewis, W. K. Rumchik, C. G. Smith, M. J. TI Emission spectroscopy of the interior of optically dense post-detonation fireballs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOMB DETONATIONS; ALUMINUM; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; COMBUSTION; TRANSITION; FLAME AB In recent years, emission spectroscopy has been applied to the study of post-detonation combustion in explosives, often yielding valuable information on temperatures and chemical dynamics. The post-detonation fireballs that form as under-oxidized detonation products burn in the surrounding air are optically dense and the corresponding emission spectra sample only the material at or near the surface of the fireball. In the present study, we exploit the large optical density in order to probe the dynamics occurring in the interior of the fireball. Emission spectra are collected following detonation of 20 g aluminized Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) charges using fiber optics located behind the flame front and then compared with the corresponding spectra of the surface layer collected from outside the fireball. We find that in the early evolution of the fireball (t <= 60 mu s and r <= 10 cm in the current study), combustion and light emission are predominantly confined to the surface, while the interior is dark. Later, after the fireball expands and mixes with the surrounding air (t >= 120 mu s or r >= 30 cm), combustion and emission occur throughout, and we find no significant differences between the spectra collected from the interior of the fireball versus those from its surface. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4774029] C1 [Lewis, W. K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rumchik, C. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Smith, M. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM wlewis2@udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding and facilities provided for this work by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the NanoEnergetics Program. We would like to thank Mr. Rick Beesley and Mr. Mark Grimmonpre for their assistance in conducting these experiments. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 2 AR 024903 DI 10.1063/1.4774029 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072BY UT WOS:000313644500105 ER PT J AU Roy, S Hsu, PS Jiang, NB Gord, JR Kulatilaka, WD Stauffer, HU Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Hsu, Paul S. Jiang, Naibo Gord, Joseph R. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Stauffer, Hans U. Gord, James R. TI Direct measurements of collisionally broadened Raman linewidths of CO2 S-branch transitions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS; ROTATIONAL RAMAN; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; IR LINES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; BAND; SCATTERING; WIDTHS AB We report direct measurements of S-branch Raman-coherence lifetimes of CO2 resulting from CO2-CO2 and CO2-N-2 collisions by employing time-resolved picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy. The S-branch (Delta J = +2) transitions of CO2 with rotational quantum number J = 0-52 were simultaneously excited using a broadband (similar to 5 nm) laser pulse with a full-width-at-half-maximum duration of similar to 115 ps. The coherence lifetimes of CO2 for a pressure range of 0.05-1 atm were measured directly by probing the rotational coherence with a nearly transform-limited, 90-ps-long laser pulse. These directly measured Raman-coherence lifetimes, when converted to collisional linewidth broadening coefficients, differ from the previously reported broadening coefficients extracted from frequency-domain rotational Raman and infrared-absorption spectra and from theoretical calculations by 7%-25%. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4774093] C1 [Roy, Sukesh; Hsu, Paul S.; Jiang, Naibo; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Stauffer, Hans U.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, Joseph R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US-AFOSR) FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200 and by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US-AFOSR) (Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager). NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 2 AR 024201 DI 10.1063/1.4774093 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 072BF UT WOS:000313642500020 PM 23320675 ER PT J AU Behabtu, N Young, CC Tsentalovich, DE Kleinerman, O Wang, X Ma, AWK Bengio, EA ter Waarbeek, RF de Jong, JJ Hoogerwerf, RE Fairchild, SB Ferguson, JB Maruyama, B Kono, J Talmon, Y Cohen, Y Otto, MJ Pasquali, M AF Behabtu, Natnael Young, Colin C. Tsentalovich, Dmitri E. Kleinerman, Olga Wang, Xuan Ma, Anson W. K. Bengio, E. Amram ter Waarbeek, Ron F. de Jong, Jorrit J. Hoogerwerf, Ron E. Fairchild, Steven B. Ferguson, John B. Maruyama, Benji Kono, Junichiro Talmon, Yeshayahu Cohen, Yachin Otto, Marcin J. Pasquali, Matteo TI Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL TRANSPORT; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALLINE ROPES; FIELD-EMISSION; YARNS; PERFORMANCE; FILMS; NEAT AB Broader applications of carbon nanotubes to real-world problems have largely gone unfulfilled because of difficult material synthesis and laborious processing. We report high-performance multifunctional carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers that combine the specific strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity of carbon fibers with the specific electrical conductivity of metals. These fibers consist of bulk-grown CNTs and are produced by high-throughput wet spinning, the same process used to produce high-performance industrial fibers. These scalable CNT fibers are positioned for high-value applications, such as aerospace electronics and field emission, and can evolve into engineered materials with broad long-term impact, from consumer electronics to long-range power transmission. C1 [Behabtu, Natnael; Young, Colin C.; Tsentalovich, Dmitri E.; Wang, Xuan; Ma, Anson W. K.; Bengio, E. Amram; Kono, Junichiro; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn,Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Chem,Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Appl Phys Progra, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kleinerman, Olga; Bengio, E. Amram; Talmon, Yeshayahu; Cohen, Yachin] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Kleinerman, Olga; Bengio, E. Amram; Talmon, Yeshayahu; Cohen, Yachin] Russell Berrie Nanotechnol Inst RBNI, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [ter Waarbeek, Ron F.; de Jong, Jorrit J.; Hoogerwerf, Ron E.; Otto, Marcin J.] Teijin Aramid, Arnhem, Netherlands. [Fairchild, Steven B.; Ferguson, John B.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn,Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Chem,Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Appl Phys Progra, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM mp@rice.edu RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; Ma, Anson/A-6005-2011 OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; Ma, Anson/0000-0002-2865-5776 FU Teijin Aramid BV; Teijin Techno Products Ltd.; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0590]; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-2-5061]; U.S. Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship; Welch Foundation [C-1668] FX We thank F. Mirri for the CNT film; T. Back, D. Ramsamoedj, E. Klop, E. Steyn, T. Cohen-Hymas, P. M. Ajayan, B. Carey, F. Matteini, A. Mizes, V. Parolkar, A. Choi, and S. Odumabo for help with fiber characterization; and K. McElrath, E. Vega, X. Hu, W. Adams, R. Hauge, and E. Thomas for useful discussions. This work was supported by Teijin Aramid BV, Teijin Techno Products Ltd., Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-09-1-0590, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Air Force Research Laboratory FA8650-07-2-5061, the U.S. Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship, and the Welch Foundation (C-1668 and Evans Attwell fellowship). European provisional patent application EP12177741 was filed 25 July 2012. NR 39 TC 284 Z9 294 U1 73 U2 735 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 11 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6116 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1126/science.1228061 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 067XI UT WOS:000313328200038 PM 23307737 ER PT J AU Wang, J Lee, YJ Chadha, AS Yi, J Jespersen, ML Kelley, JJ Nguyen, HM Nimmo, M Malko, AV Vaia, RA Zhou, WD Hsu, JWP AF Wang, Jian Lee, Yun-Ju Chadha, Arvinder S. Yi, Juan Jespersen, Michael L. Kelley, John J. Nguyen, Hue M. Nimmo, Michael Malko, Anton V. Vaia, Richard A. Zhou, Weidong Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Effect of Plasmonic Au Nanoparticles on Inverted Organic Solar Cell Performance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; DISTANCE; SURFACE AB We studied the competition between energy loss due to quenching and enhanced absorption arising from the near-field plasmonic effect of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), by fabricating inverted architecture OSCs with electron transport layers consisting of an Au NPs monolayer covered by a ZnO overlayer. The distance between Au NPs and a poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) active layer was controlled by systematically varying the ZnO overlayer thickness, and its effect on the absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) dynamics, and OSC performance of these films is examined. We found that when P3HT:PCBM is in direct contact with the Au NPs, PL intensity was reduced and the OSC device was shunted with lower values in photocurrent, open circuit voltage, and fill factor. With a thin (8 nm) ZnO overlayer, higher absorption and PL signal were observed, and some OSC device parameters improved, but the short circuit current density remained low. ZnO overlayer thickness greater than 30 nm negated any impact of the AuNPs on the absorption of the active layer. A small (similar to 5%) efficiency enhancement was achieved in the 16 nm ZnO overlayer devices; however, this improvement resulted from increased fill factor rather than photocurrent. Optical field simulation using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method showed that redistribution of the optical field by Au NPs resulted in a 0.6% absorption reduction over the entire P3HT:PCBM active layer. C1 [Wang, Jian; Lee, Yun-Ju; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Chadha, Arvinder S.; Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Yi, Juan; Nguyen, Hue M.; Nimmo, Michael; Malko, Anton V.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.; Kelley, John J.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsu, JWP (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM jwhsu@utdallas.edu RI Wang, Jian/G-7488-2011 OI Wang, Jian/0000-0002-4515-9782 FU Consortium for Nanomaterials for Aerospace Commerce and Technology (CONTACT); University of Texas at Dallas; Air Force Research Laboratory; Texas Instruments Distinguished Chair in Nanoelectronics FX This project was supported by Consortium for Nanomaterials for Aerospace Commerce and Technology (CONTACT), University of Texas at Dallas, and Air Force Research Laboratory. J.W.P.H. acknowledges the support from Texas Instruments Distinguished Chair in Nanoelectronics. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 126 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 10 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1021/jp309415u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 066KW UT WOS:000313220700012 ER PT J AU Altfeder, I Yi, W Narayanamurti, V AF Altfeder, Igor Yi, Wei Narayanamurti, V. TI Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy of the room-temperature antiferromagnet c-FeSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; IRON SILICIDE; SI(111); SUPERLATTICES; SPECTROSCOPY; LAYERS; FILMS AB Antiferromagnetic spin ordering has been revealed by room-temperature spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) in thin epitaxial films of c-FeSi on Si(111). Spin polarization of tunneling current for unoccupied states is found to be unusually large I-up arrow up arrow/I-down arrow up arrow = 3.8. Atomically sharp spin-frustration domain walls, developing on the surfaces of nanoscale islands, have been observed on SP-STM images. Our results suggest that antiferromagnetism in c-FeSi is driven by Mott-Hubbard transition, and the atomically narrow domain walls are caused by local insulator-to-metal breakdown. C1 [Altfeder, Igor] USAF, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yi, Wei] Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Yi, Wei; Narayanamurti, V.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Altfeder, I (reprint author), USAF, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM igor.altfeder.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Yi, Wei/C-1186-2008 OI Yi, Wei/0000-0002-4841-3600 FU AFOSR MURI; Harvard NSF NSEC FX We thank P. Nikolaev, N. Zhitenev, O. Pietzsch, I. Appelbaum, S. Patton, A. Bratkovski, D. M. Chen, and A. A. Voevodin for interesting discussions. The research was supported by AFOSR MURI and Harvard NSF NSEC. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 10 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 AR 020403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.020403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069GO UT WOS:000313423500001 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Lucas, MS Mauger, L Halevy, I Horwath, J Semiatin, SL Xiao, YM Chow, P Stone, MB Abernathy, DL Fultz, B AF Munoz, J. A. Lucas, M. S. Mauger, L. Halevy, I. Horwath, J. Semiatin, S. L. Xiao, Yuming Chow, Paul Stone, M. B. Abernathy, D. L. Fultz, B. TI Electronic structure and vibrational entropies of fcc Au-Fe alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FORCE-CONSTANT CHANGES; DENSITY-OF-STATES; GOLD-IRON ALLOYS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; WAVE BASIS-SET; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; NANOPARTICLES; METALS AB Phonon density of states (DOS) curves were measured on alloys of face-centered-cubic (fcc) Au-Fe using nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The NRIXS and INS results were combined to obtain the total phonon DOS and the partial phonon DOS curves of Au and Fe atoms from which vibrational entropies were calculated. The main effect on the vibrational entropy of alloying comes from a stiffening of the Au partial phonon DOS with Fe concentration. Force constants were calculated from first principles for several compositions and show a local stiffening of Au-Au bonds close to Fe atoms. The calculated phonon DOS curves reproduce the experimental trend. The stiffening is attributed to two main effects comparable in magnitude: (i) an increase in electron density in the free-electron-like states and (ii) stronger sd hybridization. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.014301 C1 [Munoz, J. A.; Mauger, L.; Halevy, I.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lucas, M. S.; Horwath, J.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Xiao, Yuming; Chow, Paul] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stone, M. B.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Munoz, Jorge/C-8427-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; FU CIW; CDAC; UNLV; LLNL; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES; NSF; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR-0520547]; DOE BES [DE-FG02-03ER46055] FX Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Grant No. DMR-0520547. This work was supported by DOE BES under contract DE-FG02-03ER46055. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 10 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 1 AR 014301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.014301 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069GJ UT WOS:000313423000003 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Strong, RJ Smith, ML Wang, DH Tan, LS Lee, KM White, TJ Vaia, RA AF Koerner, Hilmar Strong, Robert J. Smith, Matthew L. Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. TI Polymer design for high temperature shape memory: Low crosslink density polyimides SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Shape memory; Polyimide; Nanocomposite ID THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYURETHANE SERIES; CONSTITUTIVE THEORY; NETWORKS; NANOCOMPOSITES; MODEL; COMPOSITES; DEFORMATIONS; ELASTOMERS AB Shape memory in polymers is a process whereby mechanical energy is microscopically stored, and reversibly recovered within the polymer. Consideration of the viscoelastic and glassy dynamics necessary for each step of the process reveals key molecular characteristics that may improve performance, including a rigid polymer backbone with narrow molecular weight distribution between a low fraction of crosslinks. With this insight to guide high temperature polymer design, aromatic CP2 polyimide and associated single wall carbon nanotube (SWNTs) nanocomposites are shown to have excellent shape memory performance at 220 degrees C with rapid recovery (<10 s), excellent fixity (>98%), good cyclability and outstanding creep resistance. A narrow glass transition temperature regime (<10 degrees C) and high fragility (m similar to 117) affords a narrow triggering window and the ability to spatially localize recovery with a temperature gradient. The addition of up to 3 vol% of dispersed SWNTs improves the rubbery modulus and blocking force without substantially impacting these crucial characteristics. The structure-performance relationships in this material system reinforce the key molecular characteristics for the design of polymers for shape memory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Koerner, Hilmar; Strong, Robert J.; Smith, Matthew L.; Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng; Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research; National Research Council FX We thank Tao Xie (GM) for helpful discussions. We thank Marlene Houtz for additional DMA and TGA measurements. Funding for this project was available from the Air Force Office for Scientific Research. M.L.S. contributed to this article while holding a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. NR 95 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 12 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 8 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.007 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 190QT UT WOS:000322356000045 ER PT J AU Kim, JO Sengupta, S Barve, AV Sharma, YD Adhikary, S Lee, SJ Noh, SK Allen, MS Allen, JW Chakrabarti, S Krishna, S AF Kim, J. O. Sengupta, S. Barve, A. V. Sharma, Y. D. Adhikary, S. Lee, S. J. Noh, S. K. Allen, M. S. Allen, J. W. Chakrabarti, S. Krishna, S. TI Multi-stack InAs/InGaAs sub-monolayer quantum dots infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXY AB We report on the design and performance of multi-stack InAs/InGaAs sub-monolayer (SML) quantum dots (QD) based infrared photodetectors (SML-QDIP). SML-QDIPs are grown with the number of stacks varied from 2 to 6. From detailed radiometric characterization, it is determined that the sample with 4 SML stacks has the best performance. The s-to-p (s/p) polarized spectral response ratio of this device is measured to be 21.7%, which is significantly higher than conventional Stranski-Krastanov quantum dots (similar to 13%) and quantum wells (similar to 2.8%). This result makes the SML-QDIP an attractive candidate in applications that require normal incidence. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4774383] C1 [Kim, J. O.; Barve, A. V.; Sharma, Y. D.; Krishna, S.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Sengupta, S.; Adhikary, S.; Chakrabarti, S.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Nanoelect, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Lee, S. J.; Noh, S. K.] Korean Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Allen, M. S.; Allen, J. W.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Noh, SK (reprint author), Korean Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. EM sknoh@kriss.re.kr; skrishna@chtm.unm.edu FU KRISS-UNM Global Research Laboratory program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea [2007-00011]; AFRL [FA8718-09-C-0038]; Department of Science and Technology, India FX This work was supported by KRISS-UNM Global Research Laboratory program (No. 2007-00011) of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea and AFRL FA8718-09-C-0038. Partial funding from Department of Science and Technology, India is acknowledged. We are grateful to Jannell Vander Grift for proof-reading the manuscript. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 1 AR 011131 DI 10.1063/1.4774383 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072CQ UT WOS:000313646500031 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F. Brown, G. J. TI Calculation of interface roughness scattering-limited vertical and horizontal mobilities in InAs/GaSb superlattices as a function of temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; HGTE-CDTE SUPERLATTICES; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; GAAS/GAALAS SUPERLATTICE; PHOTODIODES; WAVELENGTH; TRANSPORT; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; POLARIZABILITY; PASSIVATION AB Superlattice transport has acquired new relevance owing to the current interest in InAs/GaSb and other superlattices (SL) for third-generation infrared detector focal plane arrays. Interface-roughness scattering (IRS) is known to limit carrier mobilities at low temperatures. Whereas horizontal (in-plane) transport measurements are standard, perpendicular transport measurements (across SL layers)-the ones relevant to the operation of infrared sensors-are non-routine and seldom performed; vertical SL transport is also less well studied theoretically. Therefore, we extend our previous work on low-temperature SL transport by studying horizontal and vertical IRS-limited transport in InAs/GaSb SLs as a function of temperature, SL parameters, and the degree of roughness. Electron mobilities are calculated by solving the Boltzmann equation with temperature-dependent bands and carrier screening, and the results are discussed by analyzing the behavior of the relaxation rates and spectral mobilities, defined as mobilities as a function of carrier energy. New computational tools are devised to handle the implicit integral equation for the horizontal relaxation rates. We find that the behavior of the relaxation rates and spectral mobilities undergoes a change for energies below and above the conduction band bandwidth, which dictates the ultimate behavior of mobilities as a function of temperature. The calculated mobilities are found to display a rich variety of behaviors as a function of temperature, either increasing, decreasing, or remaining relatively constant, depending on the correlation length of interface roughness, K, and the conduction band bandwidth. Since the horizontal mobility is a double-valued function of K, the temperature dependence of mobilities can be used to eliminate this indeterminacy in order to assess the degree of interface roughness. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772724] C1 [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Frank.Szmulowicz.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXPS [FA8650-11-D-5401] FX The work of FS was supported by the AF Contract No. FA8650-11-D-5401 at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXPS. We would like to thank Dr. S. Elhamri for the Hall measurements in Table I and Dr. H. Haugan for growing the samples. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 1 AR 014302 DI 10.1063/1.4772724 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 067XQ UT WOS:000313329000067 ER PT J AU Kreit, E Mathger, LM Hanlon, RT Dennis, PB Naik, RR Forsythe, E Heikenfeld, J AF Kreit, Eric Maethger, Lydia M. Hanlon, Roger T. Dennis, Patrick B. Naik, Rajesh R. Forsythe, Eric Heikenfeld, Jason TI Biological versus electronic adaptive coloration: how can one inform the other? SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Review DE adaptive coloration; reflective coloration; cephalopod; reflective displays ID AVIAN FEATHER BARBS; SQUID IRIDOPHORES; RECEPTOR NOISE; DISPLAYS; CAMOUFLAGE; CHROMATOPHORES; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; NANOSTRUCTURES; CEPHALOPODS AB Adaptive reflective surfaces have been a challenge for both electronic paper (e-paper) and biological organisms. Multiple colours, contrast, polarization, reflectance, diffusivity and texture must all be controlled simultaneously without optical losses in order to fully replicate the appearance of natural surfaces and vividly communicate information. This review merges the frontiers of knowledge for both biological adaptive coloration, with a focus on cephalopods, and synthetic reflective e-paper within a consistent framework of scientific metrics. Currently, the highest performance approach for both nature and technology uses colourant transposition. Three outcomes are envisioned from this review: reflective display engineers may gain new insights from millions of years of natural selection and evolution; biologists will benefit from understanding the types of mechanisms, characterization and metrics used in synthetic reflective e-paper; all scientists will gain a clearer picture of the long-term prospects for capabilities such as adaptive concealment and signalling. C1 [Kreit, Eric; Heikenfeld, Jason] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Novel Devices Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Maethger, Lydia M.; Hanlon, Roger T.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dennis, Patrick B.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Forsythe, Eric] USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Heikenfeld, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Novel Devices Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM heikenjc@ucmail.uc.edu RI Hanlon, Roger/Q-8687-2016 OI Hanlon, Roger/0000-0003-0004-5674 FU AFRL [5408-25-SC-0003]; NSF [0640964]; NSF IHCS [1001141]; ARL [W9111NF-09-2-0034, W911NF-09-2-0043]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-0346]; DARPA (DSO) [W911NF-10-1-0113]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0989] FX E.K., J.H. and E. F. created content on technological (synthetic) aspects of adaptive coloration while L. M. M., R. T. H., P. B. D. and R.R.N. focused on the biological content. E. K. organized and compiled the sections into the main paper, and worked with J.H. on the comparisons section at the end. All authors discussed the information presented in the paper at all stages, with the exception of E. F. who made significant contributions at later stages. The University of Cincinnati authors gratefully acknowledge partial support from AFRL (contract no. 5408-25-SC-0003) NSF Career award (no. 0640964; University of Cincinnati), NSF IHCS award (no. 1001141) and ARL (grant no. W9111NF-09-2-0034). MBL authors acknowledge support from AFOSR grant no. FA9550-09-0346, ARL grant no. W911NF-09-2-0043, DARPA (DSO) grant no. W911NF-10-1-0113 and ONR grant no. N00014-10-1-0989. R.R.N. acknowledges support from AFOSR. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 83 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD JAN 6 PY 2013 VL 10 IS 78 AR 20120601 DI 10.1098/rsif.2012.0601 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048UT UT WOS:000311939400013 PM 23015522 ER PT J AU Cook, JL AF Cook, James L. BE Decker, KS TI Ender's Beginning and the Just War SO ENDER'S GAME AND PHILOSOPHY: THE LOGIC GATE IS DOWN SE Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cook, James L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, James L.] NATO, Brussels, Belgium. [Cook, James L.] Natl Mil Acad Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Cook, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-1-118-38657-6 J9 BLACKWELL PHILOS POP PY 2013 BP 151 EP 162 D2 10.1002/9781118572672 PG 12 WC Literary Theory & Criticism; Literature SC Literature GA BB2OH UT WOS:000341972300014 ER PT S AU Zhou, H Huie, L Lai, LF AF Zhou, Heng Huie, Lauren Lai, Lifeng BE Matthews, MB TI Key Generation Through Two-Way Relay Channels under Active Attacks SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Active attack; Information-theoretic security; Key generation; Two-way relay channel AB Most of the existing work on key generation from wireless fading channels requires a direct wireless link between legitimate users so that they can obtain correlated observations from the common wireless link. Furthermore, most of the existing work assumes that the attacker is passive. This paper studies the key generation problem in the two-way relay channel, in which there is no direct channel between the key generating terminals, under active attacks. We propose an effective key generation scheme. We also investigate the effects of the active attacker on the proposed key generation protocol. We characterize the optimal attacker's strategy that minimizes the key rate of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, we establish the maximal attacker's power under which our scheme can still achieve a non-zero key rate. C1 [Zhou, Heng; Lai, Lifeng] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Huie, Lauren] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM hzhou3@wpi.edu; Lauren.Huie@us.af.mil; llai@wpi.edu FU National Science Foundation CAREER [CCF-13-18980]; NSF [CNS-13-21223]; Air Force Research Lab Information Directorate; Qatar National Research Fund [NPRP-5-559-2-227] FX The work of H. Zhou and L. Lai was supported in part by the National Science Foundation CAREER award CCF-13-18980, NSF under grant CNS-13-21223, Air Force Research Lab Information Directorate, and Qatar National Research Fund under Grant NPRP-5-559-2-227. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900010 ER PT S AU Hack, DE Patton, LK Himed, B AF Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Himed, Braham BE Matthews, MB TI A Unified Detection Framework for Distributed Active and Passive RF Sensing SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB This work considers centralized detection in distributed RF sensor networks. We present a comparative analysis of GLRT detection in active and passive networks including active multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar (AMR), passive MIMO radar (PMR), and passive source localization (PSL). Our results demonstrate that PMR generalizes AMR and PSL in that PMR detection sensitivity may approximate that of AMR or PSL depending on the average direct-path-to-noise ratio (DNR). At high DNR, PMR sensitivity equals AMR sensitivity. At low DNR, PMR sensitivity approximates PSL sensitivity. At intermediate DNRs, PMR sensitivity transitions from PSL to AMR sensitivity with increasing DNR. Thus, PMR may be regarded as the link between AMR and PSL sensor networks that unifies them within a common theoretical framework. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Patton, Lee K.] Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 449 EP 453 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900082 ER PT S AU Kang, BS Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kang, Bosung Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Efficient Approximation of Structured Covariance under Joint Toeplitz and Rank Constraints SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; MATRICES AB The disturbance (clutter plus noise and jamming) covariance matrix which plays a central role in radar space time adaptive processing (STAP) should be estimated from sample training observations in practice. Traditional maximum likelihood (ML) estimators lead to degraded false alarm and detection performance in the realistic regime of limited training. Therefore constrained ML estimation has received much attention which exploits structure and other properties that a disturbance covariance matrix exhibits. In this paper(1), we derive a new covariance estimator for STAP that jointly considers a Toeplitz structure and a rank constraint on the clutter component. Past work has shown that in the regime of low training, even handling each constraint individually is hard and techniques often resort to slow numerically based solutions. Our proposed solution leverages a recent advance called rank constrained ML estimator (RCML) of structured covariances to build a computationally friendly approximation that involves a cascade of two closed form solutions. Experimental investigation shows that the proposed estimator outperforms state of the art alternatives in the sense of: 1.) normalized signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), and 2.) probability of detection versus signal to noise ratio (SNR). C1 [Kang, Bosung; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Kang, BS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bkang@psu.edu; vmonga@engr.psu.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0333] FX 1Research was supported by AFOSR grant number FA9550-12-1-0333. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 692 EP 696 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900127 ER PT S AU Hersey, R Bowden, D Bruening, D Westbrook, L AF Hersey, Ryan Bowden, David Bruening, Dustin Westbrook, Lamar BE Matthews, MB TI Radar Modeling and Validation of Human Gaits using Simultaneous Collections of Motion Capture and Radar Data SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Previous research in radar modeling of the human gait has implemented motion defined by a kinematic walking model. While this model captures the fundamental walking characteristics, it is limited in practical application due to the generality of its definition. To increase the fidelity and realism of human gait modeling, we utilize motion capture and radar data measurements that are simultaneously collected. We utilize the motion capture data collections to provide accurate body segment locations over time. We incorporate this information into a radar model that calculates the coherent radar return from each segment at the time of each radar pulse. We validate this model using Ku-band radar measurements that were simultaneously collected with the motion capture data. We present and analyze results for walking, jogging, and throwing motions. Comparisons of the simulated and measured results show radar modeling with motion capture data accurately depicts the radar response in both range and Doppler. C1 [Hersey, Ryan] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bowden, David; Bruening, Dustin; Westbrook, Lamar] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hersey, R (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 931 EP 935 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900170 ER PT S AU Reale, JF Huie, LM Fowler, ML AF Reale, Jack F. Huie, Lauren M. Fowler, Mark L. BE Matthews, MB TI Locating Closely Spaced Coherent Emitters Using TDOA Techniques SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION; MULTIPLE SOURCES; SIGNALS; GEOLOCATION; ALGORITHM; ARRAYS; DELAY; FORM AB This paper considers the problem of locating closely-spaced coherent emitters. Classical TDOA-based emitter location methods assume only a single emitter is being estimated. As a result, when multiple emitters that cannot be resolved during detection exist, the MSE performance is significantly degraded. These errors are due to the fact that the TDOA observation model does not account for multiple transmissions. We propose a new TDOA observation model that can resolve multiple emitted signals. We show a significant improvement in MSE when locating multiple emitters using our new model as compared with the classical one-emitter assumption TDOA model. C1 [Reale, Jack F.; Huie, Lauren M.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Reale, Jack F.; Fowler, Mark L.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Reale, JF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. EM jack.reale@rl.af.mil; lauren.huie@rl.af.mil; mfowler@binghamton.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 2160 EP 2164 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900390 ER PT J AU Subedi, S Zhang, YMD Amin, MG Himed, B AF Subedi, Saurav Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI ROBUST MOTION PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN MULTISTATIC PASSIVE RADAR SO 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY SEP 09-13, 2013 CL Marrakesh, MOROCCO DE multistatic passive radar; target tracking; motion parameter estimation; compressive sensing AB In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for motion parameter estimation of moving targets in a multistatic passive radar. Existing methods for motion parameter estimation rely on the estimated Doppler signatures of the observed signals corresponding to each transmitter. These techniques may fail for weak signals where the individual Doppler signature cannot be properly estimated. The focus of this paper is on motion parameter estimation from weak signals observed using multiple illuminators. Utilizing the sparsity of the motion parameters, the proposed technique obtains robust motion parameter estimates through the fusion of the data corresponding to all available illuminators, achieving signal enhancement and multistatic diversity. To reduce the computational cost, the acceleration and velocity parameters are decoupled and sequentially estimated. C1 [Subedi, Saurav; Zhang, Yimin D.; Amin, Moeness G.] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Himed, Braham] ARFK RTND, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subedi, S (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX The work of S. Subedi, Y. D. Zhang, and M. G. Amin is supported in part by a subcontract with Dynetics, Inc. for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB2GC UT WOS:000341754500246 ER PT J AU Liang, PP Ling, HB Blasch, E Seetharaman, G Shen, D Chen, GS AF Liang, Pengpeng Ling, Haibin Blasch, Erik Seetharaman, Guna Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI Vehicle Detection in Wide Area Aerial Surveillance using Temporal Context SO 2013 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 09-12, 2013 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP HAVELSAN, METEKSAN SAVUNMA, TUBITAK, METRON Sci Solut, Off Naval Res Global Sci & Technol, Ankara Univ, Sabanci Univ, STM, TAI, ASELSAN, Koc Bilgi Savunma Teknolojileri A S, Kale Havacilik, Int Soc Infromat Fus, IEEE, AESS AB Moving vehicle detection from wide area aerial surveillance is an important and challenging task, which can be aided by context information. In this paper, we present a Temporal Context(TC) which can capture the road information. In contrast with previous methods to exploit road information, TC does not need to get the location of the road first or to use the Geographical Information System's (GIS) information. We first use background subtraction to generate the candidates, then build TC based on the candidates that have been classified as positive by Histograms of Oriented Gradient(HOG) with Multiple Kernel Learning(MKL). For each positive candidate, a region around the candidate is divided into several subregions based on the direction of the candidate, then each subregion is divided into 12 bins with a fixed length; and finally the TC, a histogram, is built according to the positions of the positive candidates in 8 consecutive frames. In order to benefit from both the appearance and context information, we use MKL to combine TC and HOG. To evaluate the effect of TC, we use the publicly available CLIF 2006 dataset, and label the vehicles in 102 frames which are 2672 x 1200 subregions that contain expressway of the original 2672 x 4008 images. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed TC is useful to remove the false positives that are away from the road, and the combination of TC and HOG with MKL outperforms the use of TC or HOG only. C1 [Liang, Pengpeng; Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Seetharaman, Guna] US Air Force, Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Liang, PP (reprint author), Temple Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM pliang@temple.edu; hbling@temple.edu; erik.blasch@rl.af.mil; Gunasekaran.Seetharaman@rl.af.mil; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-605-86311-1-3 PY 2013 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB1UM UT WOS:000341370000025 ER PT J AU Wetterer, CJ Chow, CC Crassidis, JL Linares, R Jah, MK AF Wetterer, Charles J. Chow, C. Channing Crassidis, John L. Linares, Richard Jah, Moriba K. GP IEEE TI Simultaneous Position, Velocity, Attitude, Angular Rates, and Surface Parameter Estimation Using Astrometric and Photometric Observations SO 2013 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 09-12, 2013 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP HAVELSAN, METEKSAN SAVUNMA, TUBITAK, METRON Sci Solut, Off Naval Res Global Sci & Technol, Ankara Univ, Sabanci Univ, STM, TAI, ASELSAN, Koc Bilgi Savunma Teknolojileri A S, Kale Havacilik, Int Soc Infromat Fus, IEEE, AESS DE estimation; data fusion; BRDF AB Astrometric and photometric data fusion for the purposes of simultaneous position, velocity, attitude, and angular rate estimation has been demonstrated in the past. This state estimation is extended to include the various surface parameters associated with the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Additionally, a physically consistent BRDF and radiation pressure model is utilized thus enabling an accurate physical link between the observed photometric brightness and the attitudinal dynamics and ultimately the orbital dynamics. An example scenario is then presented where the model is an uncontrolled High Area to Mass Ratio (HAMR) object in geosynchronous Earth orbit and the position, velocity, attitude, angular rates, and surface parameters are estimated simultaneously C1 [Wetterer, Charles J.; Chow, C. Channing] Pacific Def Solut LLC, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Crassidis, John L.; Linares, Richard] Univ Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Amherst, NY USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), Pacific Def Solut LLC, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. EM jack.wetterer@pacificds.com; johnc@buffalo.edu; moribajah@kirtland.af.mil FU Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) [FA9453-11-C-0154]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Kirtland Air Force Base; SBIR Phase I [FA945 1-12-M-03 1 1]; AFRL FX This work is sponsored by a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) contract FA9453-11-C-0154 by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Kirtland Air Force Base. Some of the code was also produced under the SBIR Phase I contract FA945 1-12-M-03 1 1, also sponsored by AFRL. The authors also wish to acknowledge useful discussions and technical contributions made by other members of the SBIR team: Paul Cefola of University at Buffalo, and Keric Hill of Pacific Defense Solutions, LLC. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-605-86311-1-3 PY 2013 BP 997 EP 1004 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB1UM UT WOS:000341370000133 ER PT J AU Tian, X Chen, GS Blasch, E Pham, K Bar-Shalom, Y AF Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Bar-Shalom, Yaakov GP IEEE TI Comparison of three Approximate kinematic Models for Space Object Tracking SO 2013 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 09-12, 2013 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP HAVELSAN, METEKSAN SAVUNMA, TUBITAK, METRON Sci Solut, Off Naval Res Global Sci & Technol, Ankara Univ, Sabanci Univ, STM, TAI, ASELSAN, Koc Bilgi Savunma Teknolojileri A S, Kale Havacilik, Int Soc Infromat Fus, IEEE, AESS DE tracking; space situation awareness; kinematic model; filter design, Keplerian state model AB In this paper we compare the performance of three kinematic state models, i.e., the White Noise Acceleration (WNA), the Wiener process acceleration (WPA), and the Keplerian State (KPS) model, for the tracking of earth orbiting space objects (SOs). The three models considered are all simplified approximate models for the motion of Earth orbiting SOs and are not suitable for the prediction of target tracks for long time periods. However, for track updates with new measurements coming at a high rate, such simplified motion models can be effectively used with small or no loss in estimation accuracy. For the KPS model, we use a novel mixed-coordinate SO tacking (McSOT) filter, where the target state space is defined in the Cartesian, i.e., Earth-Central Inertial (ECI), coordinates for track representation and updates, while the track propagation is done in the Keplerian Coordinates. It is shown that when the measurement accuracy is high, the McSOT filter with the KPS model, which has the highest complexity among the three, is able to achieve significantly better estimation accuracy than the filters with the WNA and WPA models. The WPA model is able to achieve better tracking accuracy than the WNA model at the cost of moderate increase of algorithm complexity. On the other hand, when the measurement accuracy is low, the filters with the WNA and WPA models which operate solely in the Cartesian coordinates, i.e., the Earth-Central Inertial (ECI) coordinates, is more robust than the McSOT filter with the KPS model. C1 [Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. [Pham, Khanh] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Dept ECE, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Tian, X (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM xtian@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; erik.blasch@rl.af.mil; khanh.pham@kirtland.af.mil; ybs@ee.uconn.edu FU United State Air Force [FA9453-12-M-0022, FA9453-12-M-0084] FX This work is sponsored by United State Air Force Under contract FA9453-12-M-0022 and FA9453-12-M-0084. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-605-86311-1-3 PY 2013 BP 1005 EP 1012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB1UM UT WOS:000341370000134 ER PT S AU Wrosch, M Walmsley, N Stern, T Hausgen, P Wilt, D Jenkins, P AF Wrosch, Matthew Walmsley, Nicholas Stern, Theodore Hausgen, Paul Wilt, David Jenkins, Phillip GP IEEE TI Laminated Solar Panels for Space Using Multi-Cell Transparent Covers SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE solar cell assembly; encapsulated solar panels; inverted metamorphic cells; space environmental durability AB An approach to laying down, interconnecting, and encapsulating a space solar panel module is described that uses large-area multi-cell transparent covers. Coverglass replacement materials were evaluated and tested in a variety of environments, including a flight test on MISSE-7, and found to be durable in the LEO environment, with approaches to extending durability to GEO and other high radiation environments. The multi-cell cover approach enables assembling advanced cells, such as IMM, into a thin array using a laminating approach that implements co-planar front contact cells with thermosonic wire bonding interconnection. Coupons of the encapsulated panels were fabricated and found to have good durability in thermal cycling. C1 [Wrosch, Matthew; Walmsley, Nicholas; Stern, Theodore] Vanguard Space Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Hausgen, Paul; Wilt, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jenkins, Phillip] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Wrosch, M (reprint author), Vanguard Space Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the Naval Research Laboratory NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 2809 EP 2811 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100640 ER PT J AU True, MW Cranston, MM Hatzfeld, MJJ AF True, Mark W. Cranston, Marcus M. Hatzfeld, Ma Jennifer J. TI The U.S. Air Force Diabetes and Obesity Research Working Group: A Model for Building Military-Specific Clinical Research Infrastructure SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [True, Mark W.] Endocrinol Flight, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Cranston, Marcus M.] Med Educ, Med Grp 99, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Hatzfeld, Ma Jennifer J.] Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP True, MW (reprint author), Endocrinol Flight, 59 Med Operat Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 178 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00401 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TV UT WOS:000340804800004 PM 23356109 ER PT J AU Dukes, SF Bridges, E Johantgen, M AF Dukes, Susan F. Bridges, Elizabeth Johantgen, Meg TI Occurrence of Secondary Insults of Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Transported by Critical Care Air Transport Teams From Iraq/Afghanistan: 2003-2006 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; INTENSIVE-CARE; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; IRAQI FREEDOM; IMPACT; HYPERGLYCEMIA; TEMPERATURE; HYPOTHERMIA; MORTALITY; WARTIME AB Traumatic brain injury patients are susceptible to secondary insults to the injured brain. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to describe the occurrence of secondary insults in 63 combat casualties with severe isolated traumatic brain injury who were transported by the U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATT) from 2003 through 2006. Data were obtained from the Wartime Critical Care Air Transport Database, which describes the patient's physiological state and care as they are transported across the continuum of care from the area of responsibility (Iraq/Afghanistan) to Germany and the United States. Fifty-three percent of the patients had at least one documented episode of a secondary insult. Hyperthermia was the most common secondary insult and was associated with severity of injury. The hyperthermia rate increased across the continuum, which has implications for en route targeted temperature management. Hypoxia occurred most frequently within the area of responsibility, but was rare during CCATT flights, suggesting that concerns for altitude-induced hypoxia may not be a major factor in the decision when to move a patient. Similar research is needed for polytrauma casualties and analysis of the association between physiological status and care across the continuum and long-term outcomes. C1 [Dukes, Susan F.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bridges, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johantgen, Meg] Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Dukes, SF (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 178 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00177 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TV UT WOS:000340804800007 PM 23356112 ER PT J AU Holycross, CM Srinivasan, R George, TJ Tamirisakandala, S Russ, SM AF Holycross, Casey M. Srinivasan, Raghavan George, Tommy J. Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu Russ, Stephan M. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA Srinivasan, R TI HIGH FREQUENCY VIBRATION BASED FATIGUE TESTING OF DEVELOPMENTAL ALLOYS SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS II: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advanced and Emergences in Understanding held during the Materials Science and Technology (MS and T) Meeting CY OCT 07-11, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM Int DE Fatigue; Titanium; Vibration; Powder-metallurgy AB Many fatigue test methods have been previously developed to rapidly evaluate fatigue behavior. This increased test speed can come at some expense; since these methods may require non-standard specimen geometry or increased facility and equipment capability. One such method, developed by George et al, involves a base-excited plate specimen driven into a high frequency bending resonant mode. This resonant mode is of sufficient frequency (typically 1200 to 1700 Hertz) to accumulate 107 cycles in a few hours. One of the main limitations of this test method is that fatigue cracking is almost certainly guaranteed to be surface initiated at regions of high stress. This brings into question the validity of the fatigue test results, as compared to more traditional uniaxial, smooth-bar testing, since high stresses are subjecting only a small volume to fatigue damage. This limitation also brings into question the suitability of this method to screen developmental alloys, should their initiation life be governed by subsurface flaws. However, if applicable, the rapid generation of fatigue data using this method would facilitate faster design iterations, identifying more quickly, material and manufacturing process deficiencies. The developmental alloy used in this study was a powder metallurgy boron-modified Ti-6Al-4V, a new alloy currently being considered for gas turbine engine fan blades. Plate specimens were subjected to fully reversed bending fatigue. Results are compared with existing data from commercially available Ti-6Al-4V using both vibration based and more traditional fatigue test methods. C1 [Holycross, Casey M.; George, Tommy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Bldg 18D,1950 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Holycross, Casey M.; Srinivasan, Raghavan] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu] RTI Int Met Inc, Niles, OH 44446 USA. [Russ, Stephan M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Holycross, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Bldg 18D,1950 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL FX The authors would like to thank the Propulsion and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorates of AFRL for financial, facility, and equipment support. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11852-093-2 PY 2013 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA9BJ UT WOS:000339099500004 ER PT S AU Hong, GY Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Pachter, Ruth BE Fenton, JM Kulesza, PJ Weidner, J TI Biodegradation of Lignin by Laccase for Conversion of Biomass to Fuel: Analysis of Substrate Binding SO SOLAR FUELS 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solar Fuels 2 held during the 223rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID FUNGUS TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MELANOCARPUS-ALBOMYCES; MULTICOPPER OXIDASES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; FULL COMPLEMENT; FORCE-FIELD; OXIDATION; PARAMETERS AB Laccases play an important role in biodegradation of lignin, particularly by mediation with easily oxidizable phenolic compounds through a radical-catalyzed reaction. Such processes may potentially be considered for turning lignocellulosic biomass into fuel. In this work, in order to better understand effects of the phenolic compound bulkiness, binding propensity of six substrates that vary in steric hindrance was considered. Changes in binding affinity, also upon mutation, were analyzed for a range of laccases. The results reveal the potential for improved binding of various laccases and their mutations, to be considered in future work. C1 [Hong, Gongyi; Pachter, Ruth] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, GY (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-121-5; 978-1-60768-476-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 53 IS 24 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1149/05324.0001ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA9EF UT WOS:000339300800001 ER PT S AU Su, YJ Retterer, JM Caton, RG Stoneback, RA Pfaff, RF Roddy, PA Groves, KM AF Su, Yi-Jiun Retterer, John M. Caton, Ronald G. Stoneback, Russell A. Pfaff, Robert F. Roddy, Patrick A. Groves, Keith M. BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Air Force Low-Latitude Ionosphe SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; SCINTILLATION; JICAMARCA; DRIFTS AB In this article, we describe and demonstrate the capabilities of the low-latitude physics-based ionospheric model (PBMOD) developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory to specify radio scintillations using data collected during an April 2009 campaign dedicated to measurements with the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS). The electric fields/plasma drifts are believed to be the primary driver of the dynamics in the low-latitude ionosphere. With electric field measurements ingested into PBMOD, estimated scintillation strengths (S4) were comparable with ground measurements at 250 MHz recorded at Anocn, Peru; Christmas Island; and Kwajalein Atoll. These scintillations were associated with upward plasma drifts, although in some places, actual conditions were not precisely determined due to data gaps caused by spurious fields. We also present simulation results obtained from PBMOD driven by four different empirical drift models to specify global ionospheric densities. Discrete longitudinal structures are evident in both averaged density and drift observations. Density outputs from C/NOFS-driven simulations present similar wave 3 or wave 4 structures in geographical longitudes. In contrast, such density structures, likely associated with atmospheric tides, are absent when driving PBMOD with Scherliess-Fejer drifts. Model results have been quantitatively compared with in situ density measurements obtained from C/NOFS, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and CHAMP at altitudes ranging from similar to 350 to 850 km. We found that, on average, the smallest error in modeled densities came from simulations driven by the Ion Velocity Drift Meter drifts. We expect to increase the accuracy of forecasted low-latitude ionospheric densities with more accurate and continuous plasma drift measurements. C1 [Su, Yi-Jiun; Caton, Ronald G.; Roddy, Patrick A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Retterer, John M.; Groves, Keith M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. [Stoneback, Russell A.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX USA. [Stoneback, Russell A.] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX USA. [Pfaff, Robert F.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Su, YJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Yi-Jiun.Su@kirtland.af.mil FU AFRL; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval ResearchLaboratory; Aerospace Corporation; NASA [NNH09AK051]; AFOSR [11RV04COR, 12RV10COR] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the AFRL, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval ResearchLaboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. The first author thanks the IVM principle investigator, R. A. Heelis, for supporting the usage of drift data. This research task was supported, in part, by the NASA grant NNH09AK051, the AFOSR grants 11RV04COR and 12RV10COR to AFRL, and the Ionospheric Impacts on RF Systems 6.2 program at AFRL. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1029/2012GM001268 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600011 ER PT B AU Adkins, F Carlisle, M Jones, L Upchurch, J AF Adkins, Francis Carlisle, Martin Jones, Luke Upchurch, Jason GP IEEE TI Heuristic Malware Detection via Basic Block Comparison SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MALICIOUS AND UNWANTED SOFTWARE: THE AMERICAS (MALWARE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software - The Americas (MALWARE) CY OCT 22-24, 2013 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Wireless Syst Secur Res Lab, Trend Micro DE Distribution A; Approved for public release; distribution unlimited AB Each day, malware analysts are tasked with more samples than they have the ability to analyze by hand. To produce this trend, malware authors often reuse a significant portion of their code. In this paper, we introduce a technique to statically decompose malicious software to identify shared code. This technique variably applies a sliding-window methodology to either full files or individual basic blocks to produce representative similarity ratios either between two binaries or between two functionalities within binaries, respectively. This grants the ability to apply heuristic detection via threshold similarity matching as well as full-inclusivity matching for malicious functionality. Additionally, we apply generalization techniques to minimize local assembly variants while still maintaining consistent structural matching. We also identify improvements that this technique provides over previous technologies and demonstrate its success in practical sample detection. Finally, we suggest further applications of this technique and highlight possible contributions to modern malware detection. C1 [Adkins, Francis; Carlisle, Martin; Jones, Luke] US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Upchurch, Jason] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Innovat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Adkins, F (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Francis.Adkins.1@us.af.mil; Martin.Carlisle@usafa.edu; Luke.Jones.2@us.af.mil; Jason.Upchurch.ctr@usafa.edu FU United States Air Force Academy [FA700011-20001] FX This work was created in the performance of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the Department of the Air Force. The Government of the United States has certain rights to use this work. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) sponsors the Center of Innovation at the United States Air Force Academy, which conducts research for educational purposes. The United States Air Force Academy and DHS sponsored the production of this material under United States Air Force Academy agreement number FA700011-20001. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of The United States Air Force Academy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2535-3; 978-1-4799-2534-6 PY 2013 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA8LD UT WOS:000338255400002 ER PT B AU Upchurch, J Zhou, XB AF Upchurch, Jason Zhou, Xiaobo GP IEEE TI First Byte: Force-Based Clustering of Filtered Block N-Grams to Detect Code Reuse in Malicious Software SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MALICIOUS AND UNWANTED SOFTWARE: THE AMERICAS (MALWARE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software - The Americas (MALWARE) CY OCT 22-24, 2013 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Wireless Syst Secur Res Lab, Trend Micro AB Detecting code reuse in malicious software is complicated by the lack of source code. The same circumstance that makes code reuse detection in malicious software desirable, that is, the limited availability of original source code, also contributes to the difficulty of detecting code reuse. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting code reuse in software, specifically malicious software, that moves beyond the limitations of targeting variant detection (categorization of families). This method expands n-gram analysis to target basic blocks extracted from compiled code vice entire text sections. It also targets individual relationships between basic blocks found in localized code reuse, while preserving the ability to detect variants and families of variants found with generalized code reuse. We demonstrate the limitations of similarity calculated without first disassembling the instructions and show that our First Byte normalization gives dramatic improvements in detection of code reuse. To visualize results, our method proposes force-based clustering as a solution to rapidly detect relationships between compiled binaries and detect relationships without complex analysis. Our methods retain the previously demonstrated ability of n-gram analysis to detect variants, while adding the ability to detect code reuse in non-variant malware. We show that our proposed filtering method reduces the number of similarity calculations and highlights only meaningful relationships in our malware set. C1 [Upchurch, Jason] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Innovat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Upchurch, Jason] Intel Corp, Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR USA. [Upchurch, Jason; Zhou, Xiaobo] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Upchurch, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Ctr Innovat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jason.upchurch.ctr@usafa.edu; xzhou@uccs.edu FU United States Air Force Academy; DHS under United States Air Force Academy [FA700011-20001] FX The United States Air Force Academy and DHS sponsored the production of portions of this material under United States Air Force Academy agreement number FA700011-20001 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2535-3; 978-1-4799-2534-6 PY 2013 BP 68 EP 76 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA8LD UT WOS:000338255400009 ER PT S AU Fallahi, M Bedford, R AF Fallahi, M. Bedford, R. BE Baranov, A Tournie, E TI High-power semiconductor lasers SO SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE semiconductor lasers; high power; brightness; figures-of-merits; catastrophic optical mirror damage; passivation; broad-area lasers; tapered cavity; distributed feedback (DFB); distributed Bragg reflector (DBR); vertical-external-cavity suface-emitting laser (VECSEL); long wavelength; laser array ID QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; AVERAGE OUTPUT POWER; CIRCULAR TEM00 BEAMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; DIODE-LASER; SINGLE-FREQUENCY; DAMAGE LEVEL AB Over the last decades, high-power and high-brightness semiconductor lasers have transformed the solid-state laser, telecommunication, medical and military markets. This chapter covers concepts, characteristics and challenges of high-power semiconductor lasers. We begin by describing general considerations including epitaxial design, laser cavity designs and packaging specific to high-power lasers. We introduce several common high-power and high-brightness semiconductor lasers such as Fabry-P rot lasers, grating-based lasers, large mode-area lasers, and optically pumped lasers, as well as concepts for long-wavelength operation. Arrays of devices for ultra-high-power are introduced, and device reliability challenges are addressed. C1 [Fallahi, M.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bedford, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fallahi, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fallahi@optics.arizona.edu; Robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-1501 BN 978-0-85709-640-1; 978-0-85709-121-5 J9 WOODH PUB SER ELECT PY 2013 IS 33 BP 81 EP 120 DI 10.1533/9780857096401.1.81 D2 10.1533/9780857096401 PG 40 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4QJ UT WOS:000336137100004 ER PT J AU Yue, HL Brown, D Subramanyam, G Leedy, K Cerny, C AF Yue, Hailing Brown, Dustin Subramanyam, Guru Leedy, Kevin Cerny, Charles GP IEEE TI Thin Film Barium-Strontium-Titanate Parallel-plate Varactors Integrated on Low-Resistivity Silicon and Saphhire Substrate SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRIC AND WORKSHOP ON THE PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY (ISAF/PFM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectric / Workshop on the Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (ISAF/PFM) CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE DE coplanar waveguide; ferroelectric devices; low-resistivity silicon; varactors AB Barium-Strontium-Titanate (BST) thin film based ferroelectric varactors are designed at specific capacitances under 0V dc bias on CMOS compatible low-resistivity silicon substrate. The BST varactor device operation is based on the nonlinear dielectric tunability of BST thin film sandwiched between two metal plates in a revised conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) transmission line configuration. The varactor capacitance at 0V dc bias is determined by the overlap area between the CPW signal line in the top metal electrode and a tapered shunt line in the bottom electrode. Therefore a series of devices with unbiased capacitances ranging from 0.8pF to 4.8pF were designed and fabricated based on changing their corresponding overlap areas according to the generic parallel plate capacitance equation. A schematic model was also utilized to extract the designed and measured capacitances. The relationships between the sizes of overlap areas and the extracted capacitances from the electromagnetic and schematic models are demonstrated by a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements from fabricated devices. Devices were also designed and fabricated on sapphire substrate with three layout variations aiming to modify the parasitic resistance. C1 [Yue, Hailing; Brown, Dustin; Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Cerny, Charles] US Air Force, Wright Patterson Res Lab, Sendors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yue, HL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yueh01@udayton.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2013 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BA5MX UT WOS:000336807100075 ER PT S AU LeMaster, DA Mahamat, AH Ratliff, BM Alenin, AS Tyo, JS Koch, BM AF LeMaster, Daniel A. Mahamat, Adoum H. Ratliff, Bradley M. Alenin, Andrey S. Tyo, J. Scott Koch, Bradley M. BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI SWIR active polarization imaging for material identification SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VI CY AUG 26-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Mueller matrix imaging; imaging polarimetry; material identification ID TARGET CLASSIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION AB Nighttime active SWIR imaging has resolution, size, weight, and power consumption advantages over passive MWIR and LWIR imagers for applications involving target identification. We propose that the target discrimination capability of active SWIR systems can be extended further by exerting polarization control over the illumination source and imager, i.e. through active polarization imaging. In this work, we construct a partial Mueller matrix imager and use laboratory derived signatures to uniquely identify target materials in outdoor scenes. This paper includes a description of the camera and laser systems as well as discussion of the reduction and analysis techniques used for material identification. C1 [LeMaster, Daniel A.; Koch, Bradley M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mahamat, Adoum H.; Alenin, Andrey S.; Tyo, J. Scott] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ratliff, Bradley M.] Space Comp Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.lemaster@us.af.mil FU AFRL/RY Entrepreneurial Research Fund (ERF) program FX This project was partially funded by the AFRL/RY Entrepreneurial Research Fund (ERF) program. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9723-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8873 AR UNSP 88730O DI 10.1117/12.2023351 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BA5MT UT WOS:000336801500020 ER PT S AU Wang, DH Fillery, SP Durstock, MF Dai, LM Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Fillery, Scott P. Durstock, Michael F. Dai, Liming Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng BE Yu, L Guo, WP Sun, M He, J TI Nanodiamond/Polyimide High Temperature Dielectric Films for Energy Storage Applications SO CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials (CEAM 2013) CY JUL 06-07, 2013 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Guangdong Univ Technol, Guangdong Petrochem Res Inst, Guangzhou Univ DE Polyimides; Nanodiamond; Energy Storage AB CP2 polyimide (prepd. from 6FDA and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene) was blended with (1-50 wt.%) detonation nanodiamonds (DND, pristine, acetone-washed, and 4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzoic acid-functionalized), and the blends were evaluated as thin films for its potential utility in high-energy-density capacitors that would have stable dielectric properties over a wide temperature range (-55 to 300 degrees C) and at frequencies up to or greater than 100 kHz. Both the dielectric storage and loss increased substantially with DND content. Surface functionalization (with the above benzoic acid derivative) significantly reduced the dielectric loss, while the use of acetone-washed DNDs had no effect on the dielectric loss. DND was also blended with CP2 via in-situ polymerization and found to have little effect on the dielectric properties. C1 [Wang, David H.; Fillery, Scott P.; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch AFRL RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch AFRL RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03785-814-1 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2013 VL 785-786 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.785-786.410 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA4MV UT WOS:000336005700077 ER PT J AU Prabhakaran, VS Sanyal, AK Leve, F McClamroch, NH AF Prabhakaran, V. Sasi Sanyal, Amit K. Leve, Frederick McClamroch, N. Harris GP ASME TI GEOMETRIC MECHANICS BASED MODELING OF THE ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF SPACECRAFT WITH VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL MOMENT GYROSCOPES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 2013 DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE (DSCC2013), VOL. 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC) CY OCT 21-23, 2013 CL Palo Alto, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID RIGID-BODY; STABILIZATION; SYSTEMS AB The attitude dynamics of a spacecraft with a variable speed control moment gyroscope (VSCMG), in the presence of external torques and internal inputs, is derived using variational principles. A complete dynamics model, that relaxes some of the assumptions made in prior literature on control moment gyroscopes, is obtained. A non-standard VSCMG model, that has an offset between the center of the gimbal axis and the center of the rotor (flywheel) is considered. The dynamics equations show the complex nonlinear coupling between the internal degrees of freedom associated with the VSCMG and the spacecraft base body's attitude degrees of freedom. Some of this coupling is induced by the non-zero offset between the gimbal axis and the rotor center. This dynamics model is then generalized to include the effects of multiple control moment gyroscopes placed in the base body with non-parallel gimbal axes. It is shown that the dynamical coupling can improve the control authority on the angular momentum of the base body of the spacecraft using changes in the momentum variables of the VSCMG. Numerical simulations confirm the use of these VSCMGs for attitude control for a given de-tumbling maneuver. C1 [Prabhakaran, V. Sasi; Sanyal, Amit K.] New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. [Leve, Frederick] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [McClamroch, N. Harris] Univ Michigan, Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sanyal, AK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM sashi@nmsu.edu; asanyal@nmsu.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; nhm@engin.umich.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5612-3 PY 2013 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA4CY UT WOS:000335377800010 ER PT S AU Rohrbaugh, JP AF Rohrbaugh, John P. GP IEEE TI Shield Transfer Impedance Model of a Multi-Branched Braid Shielded Cable Harness SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-09, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Adv Test Equipment Rentals, ANDRO, ETS LINDGREN, FEKO, Gauss Instruments, Infield Sci Inc, Retlif Testing Labs, CCPIT Gen Ind Sub Council, ECN, EMV Europe, ENR, Evaluat Engn, In Compliance, ITEM Media, Microwave Journal, Safety & EMC China, Webcom Commun, Wireless Design & Dev AB This paper presents a method of modeling shield transfer impedance (STI) of a multi-branched shielded cable harness. The model is based on information found in Vance [1]. The modeling method can be used to assess the impacts of defects, such as holes in the cable over-braid shield, and to evaluate the ability to locate defects by varying shield current drive conditions in a realistic manner. The model is implemented using MATLAB [2] and Micro-Cap [3] SPICE simulation codes. C1 Northrop Grumman Tech Serv, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Rohrbaugh, JP (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Tech Serv, 6006 Wardleigh Rd, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. EM john.rohrbaugh@ngc.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4799-0409-9; 978-1-4799-0408-2 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2013 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA3WJ UT WOS:000334998800052 ER PT B AU Flores, A Pulford, B Robin, C Lu, CA Shay, TM AF Flores, Angel Pulford, Benjamin Robin, Craig Lu, Chunte A. Shay, Thomas M. BE Brignon, A TI Coherent Beam Combining of Fiber Amplifiers via LOCSET SO COHERENT LASER BEAM COMBINING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-MODE; PHASE; LASERS; ARRAY; COMBINATION; KW; PROPAGATION; WAVE C1 [Flores, Angel; Pulford, Benjamin; Robin, Craig; Lu, Chunte A.; Shay, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-3-527-65280-8; 978-3-527-41150-4 PY 2013 BP 45 EP 73 D2 10.1002/9783527652778 PG 29 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BA1JQ UT WOS:000332649500003 ER PT J AU Meghanathan, N Mumford, PD AF Meghanathan, Natarajan Mumford, Philip D. BE Latifi, S TI A Benchmarking Algorithm to Determine Maximum Stability Data Gathering Trees for Wireless Mobile Sensor Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: NEW GENERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations (ITNG) CY APR 15-17, 2013 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Premier Hall Sci & Engn DE Maximum Stability; Data Gathering Trees; Mobile Sensor Networks; Tree Lifetime; Algorithms; Simulations AB The high-level contribution of this paper is the design of a benchmarking algorithm to determine a sequence of the longest-living stable data gathering trees for wireless mobile sensor networks (MSNs) such that the number of tree discoveries is the theoretical global minimum. Referred to as the Max. Stability-DG algorithm, the algorithm assumes the availability of the complete knowledge of future topology changes, and operates according to a greedy strategy: Whenever a new data gathering tree is needed at time instant t, determine a spanning tree that will exist for the longest time since t and derive a data gathering tree by conducting a Breadth First Search on the spanning tree. We prove the correctness of the Max.Stability-DG algorithm that it indeed determines the sequence of longest-living stable data gathering trees. Since the Max. Stability-DG trees are based on spanning trees covering the entire network of live sensor nodes, the average lifetime and the number of tree discoveries incurred for the Max. Stability-DG trees will serve respectively as the upper bound and lower bound for any network-wide communication topology determined using any other algorithm for mobile sensor networks. C1 [Meghanathan, Natarajan] Jackson State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Mumford, Philip D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYWC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Meghanathan, N (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM natarajan.meghanathan@jsums.edu; Philip.Mumford@wpafb.af.mil FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program for the lead author (Natarajan Meghanathan) FX This research was sponsored by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the Summer Faculty Fellowship Program for the lead author (Natarajan Meghanathan) in June-July 2012. The research was conducted under the supervision of the co-author (Philip D. Mumford) at the U. S. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) Dayton, OH. The AFRL public release number for this article is PA Approval Number: 88ABW-2012-4781. The views and conclusions in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-4967-5 PY 2013 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1109/ITNG.2013.83 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BA3VI UT WOS:000334926900076 ER PT S AU Beran, P Stanford, B AF Beran, Philip Stanford, Bret BE Bijl, H Lucor, D Mishra, S Schwab, C TI Uncertainty Quantification in Aeroelasticity SO UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIRFOIL FLUTTER; OPTIMIZATION; OSCILLATIONS; BOUNDARIES; PLATE AB It is important to account for uncertainties in aeroelastic response when designing and certifying aircraft. However, aeroelastic uncertainties are particularly challenging to quantify, since dynamic stability is a binary property (stable or unstable) that may be sensitive to small variations in system parameters. To correctly discern stability, the interactions between fluid and structure must be accurately captured. Such interactions involve an energy flow through the interface, which if unbalanced, can destablize the structure. With conventional computational techniques, the consequences of imbalance may require large simulation times to discern, and evaluating the dependence of stability on numerous system parameters can become intractable. In this chapter, the challenges in quantifying aeroelastic uncertainties will be explored and numerical methods will be described to decrease the difficulty of quantifying aeroelastic uncertainties and increase the reliability of aircraft structures subjected to airloads. A series of aeroelastic analyses and reliability studies will be carried out to illustrate key concepts. C1 [Beran, Philip] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stanford, Bret] Universal Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beran, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil; bretkennedystanford@gmail.com NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-00885-1; 978-3-319-00884-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2013 VL 92 BP 59 EP 103 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-00885-1_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-00885-1 PG 45 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BA1II UT WOS:000332623300003 ER PT J AU Atahary, T Taha, TM Douglass, S AF Atahary, Tanvir Taha, Tarek M. Douglass, Scott BE Takahashi, S Leo, R TI Hardware Accelerated Cognitively Enhanced Complex Event Processing Architecture SO 2013 14TH ACIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING (SNPD 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD) CY JUL 01-03, 2013 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Int Assoc Comp & Informat Sci, Cent Michigan Univ, Software Engn & Informat Technol Inst DE Agent based decision aides; knowledge mining; parallelization; multicore; GPGPU AB Agent-based decision aids can improve their performance by mining domain knowledge captured in cognitive domain ontologies (CDOs). This paper introduces a cognitively enhanced complex event processing (CECEP) architecture to enable enhanced agent-based decision making. Additionally the paper examines the parallelization and acceleration of a key knowledge mining process within the architecture on high performance computing platforms. Speedups of almost a 1000 times were seen using 8 NVIDIA Tesla C2070 GPGPUs over 1 Xeon X5650 processor core. Speedups of this level will allow more complex knowledge domains to be searched in real time on reactive agents and thus enable systems with enhanced intelligence to be designed. C1 [Atahary, Tanvir; Taha, Tarek M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Douglass, Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Atahary, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ataharyt1@udayton.edu; tarek.taha@udayton.edu; scott.douglass@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was sponsored by the US Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5005-3 PY 2013 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1109/SNPD.2013.57 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA2TK UT WOS:000333893400042 ER PT S AU Tomasic, B Champion, M AF Tomasic, Boris Champion, Michelle GP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc TI Analysis of Sparse Trifilar Array Antenna SO 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, APS AB A sparse trifilar antenna can support two independent beams while, to reduce the interference between the beams, each array element supports only one beam. To minimize the grating lobe effects each beam is formed by three spiral arms resulting in a sparse random array arrangement. In this paper we investigate the impedance and radiation characteristics of such an array. We have shown that the active reflection coefficients are somewhat degraded in comparison to a fully populated array, however the directivity remains approximately the same, making the trifilar array a viable solution for multi-frequency, multi-beam communication applications. C1 [Tomasic, Boris; Champion, Michelle] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM boris.tomasic@wpafb.af.mil; michelle.champion@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-5317-5 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2013 BP 99 EP 100 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BA1OQ UT WOS:000332766800050 ER PT S AU Herscovici, N Champion, M Borrisenko, A AF Herscovici, Naftali Champion, Michelle Borrisenko, Anatoliy GP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc TI A New Omnidirectional Shaped Beam Antenna SO 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, APS AB A new type of antenna, the omnidirectional polyrod shaped beam antenna with a shaped-beam radiation pattern in elevation is presented. It is based on the typical polyrod antenna, which can have a shaped beam realized by the appropriate physical shaping of the radiating polyrod. The antenna can be used as an airborne omnidirectional radiator with a requested sectoral coverage. C1 [Herscovici, Naftali; Champion, Michelle] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Herscovici, N (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM naftali.herscovici@wpafb.af.mil; michelle.champion@wpafb.af.mil; anatoliy@ae-partnership.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-5317-5 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2013 BP 244 EP 245 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BA1OQ UT WOS:000332766800120 ER PT S AU Adomanis, BM Burckel, DB Marciniak, MA AF Adomanis, Bryan M. Burckel, D. Bruce Marciniak, Michael A. BE Boardman, AD Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI A characterization study of highly-tailorable 3-D metamaterials in the thermal infrared for selective emission behaviors SO METAMATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metamaterials - Fundamentals and Applications VI CY AUG 25-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared; Metamaterials; Selective Emission; Characterization; Membrane Projection Lithography ID MEMBRANE PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; RADIATION AB The spectral behaviors of an externally-illuminated thermal infrared metamaterial were characterized through simulation and experimental measurement of the power transmittance and reflectance within the 6 - 20 mu m range. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations in both 2-D and 3-D environments were swept over a multitude of bent dipole inclusion configurations at normal incidence angles to produce a model which exhibited a dominant electrical resonance in the long-wave infrared (IR) and increased in magnitude, bandwidth and wavelength as a function of the dipole length. Despite the appearance of fabrication defects in the measured samples, it was found the experimental data was in good agreement with the 3-D FDTD simulations, though not at all with the 2-D simulations. These introductory results indicate the dipole inclusion may behave in many ways similar to an antenna in the IR, enabling spectrally- and spatially-selective control of the emission pattern. C1 [Adomanis, Bryan M.; Marciniak, Michael A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adomanis, Bryan M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burckel, D. Bruce] Sandia Natl Labs, Mexico City, DF 81785, Mexico. RP Adomanis, BM (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Marciniak, Michael/0000-0003-2879-5565 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9656-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8806 AR UNSP 880610 DI 10.1117/12.2024551 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BA2UY UT WOS:000333925200006 ER PT S AU Allen, KW Kosolapov, AF Kolyadin, AN Pryamikov, AD Mojaverian, N Limberopoulos, NI Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Kosolapov, Alexey F. Kolyadin, Anton N. Pryamikov, Andrey D. Mojaverian, Neda Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Photonic Jets Produced by Microspheres Integrated with Hollow-Core Fibers for Ultraprecise Laser Surgery SO 2013 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON 2013) SE International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks-ICTON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) CY JUN 23-27, 2013 CL Cartagena, SPAIN SP Univ Politecnica Cartagena, IEEE, IEEE Photon Soc, Natl Inst Telecommunicat, Inst Lacznosci, Escuela Tecnica Super Ingn Telecomunicac DE laser tissue surgery; Er:YAG laser; hollow-core fibers; microsphere; light focusing; photonic nanojet ID CRYSTAL FIBER; NANOJETS AB Recently it was proposed to use sharply focused optical beams produced by dielectric microspheres, also termed "photonic nanojets", in contact laser surgery applications. The proposed designs were based on using multimodal beams and suffered from limited efficiency. In this work we developed single-mode designs of such devices providing higher efficiency and significantly smaller focal spot sizes compared to multimodal systems. The proposed single-mode systems include: i) diode-pumped Er:YAG laser source operating at the wavelength corresponding to the maximal water absorption peak in the tissue (lambda = 2.94 mu m), ii) low-loss hollow-core microstructured fiber delivery, and iii) high-index (n similar to 1.8) focusing barium-titanate glass microsphere integrated with the fiber. By testing the system in air we demonstrated the focal spot diameters to be less than 4 lambda. Our numerical modeling shows a principal possibility to achieve diffraction-limited spot sizes on the order of lambda/2. Due to the fact that the location of the photonic jet at the sphere surface is not strongly affected by the presence of fluid such systems can find applications in ultraprecise contact intraocular, brain or cellular microsurgeries. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Kosolapov, Alexey F.; Kolyadin, Anton N.; Pryamikov, Andrey D.] Russian Acad Sci, Fiber Opt Res Ctr, Moscow 119333, Russia. [Mojaverian, Neda; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allen, KW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kallen62@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-09-1-0450]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-0824067]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology FX The authors thank A. Urbas, I. Vitebskiy, T. Nelson, and M. Schmitt for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450 and from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant ECCS-0824067. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7339 BN 978-1-4799-0683-3 J9 INT C TRANS OPT NETW PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA1YR UT WOS:000333178300235 ER PT S AU Darafsheh, A Limberopoulos, NI Derov, JS Walker, DE Astratov, VN AF Darafsheh, Arash Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Derov, John S. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Comparison between Microsphere-Assisted and Confocal Microscopies SO 2013 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON 2013) SE International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks-ICTON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) CY JUN 23-27, 2013 CL Cartagena, SPAIN SP Univ Politecnica Cartagena, IEEE, IEEE Photon Soc, Natl Inst Telecommunicat, Inst Lacznosci, Escuela Tecnica Super Ingn Telecomunicac DE Super-resolution; subdiffraction resolution; imaging; microscopy; confocal; photonic nanojet ID PHOTONIC NANOJETS; BACKSCATTERING; NANOPARTICLES; FUNDAMENTALS; LIGHT; LENS AB We show that microsphere-assisted microscopy, where liquid-immersed barium titanate glass (n similar to 1.9) beads with diameters of several microns are employed, has superior optical resolution compared to the confocal microscopy. The resolution advantage of microsphere-assisted microscopy stems from an ability of high-index microspheres to pick spatial distribution of optical near-fields produced by the plasmonic nanostructure used in our experiments. It is shown that an additional advantage of imaging through liquid-immersed microspheres is the ability to achieve high resolution imaging using microscope objectives with moderate numerical apertures. This means that microsphere-assisted microscopy can be performed with longer working distances compared to conventional or confocal microscopy. Super-resolution microscopy by using liquid-immersed microspheres can be potentially used in biomedical microscopy, microfluidics, and nanophotonics applications. C1 [Darafsheh, Arash; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Derov, John S.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Darafsheh, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM adarafs1@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-09-1-0450]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-0824067]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology FX The authors thank A. Urbas, I. Vitebskiy, T. Nelson, and M. Schmitt for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450 and from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant ECCS-0824067. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7339 BN 978-1-4799-0683-3 J9 INT C TRANS OPT NETW PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA1YR UT WOS:000333178300236 ER PT S AU Garcia, E Antsaklis, PJ AF Garcia, Eloy Antsaklis, Panos J. BE Antsaklis, P Valavanis, K Tsourveloudis, N Zingaretti, P Moreno, L TI Model-Based Control of Continuous-Time Systems with Limited Intermittent Feedback. SO 2013 21ST MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND AUTOMATION (MED) SE Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED) CY JUN 25-28, 2013 CL Platanias, GREECE SP Mediterranean Control Assoc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Tech Univ Crete, Univ Denver, IEEE ID NETWORKED CONTROL-SYSTEMS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; STABILIZATION; STATE AB This paper presents a practical alternative for the implementation of Model-Based Networked Control Systems (MB-NCS) with intermittent feedback. Our approach does not require continuous communication over a limited bandwidth channel during the closed-loop time intervals; instead, we propose a communication format that implements a fast rate for updating the state of the model. During the closed-loop interval the sensor transmits measurements at a fast rate but without assuming continuous communication. We consider uncertain continuous-time systems and study the state feedback and output feedback cases. For both cases, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for stability as a function of the update periods. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Antsaklis, Panos J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-369X BN 978-1-4799-0995-7; 978-1-4799-0997-1 J9 MED C CONTR AUTOMAT PY 2013 BP 452 EP 457 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA2BG UT WOS:000333245100073 ER PT S AU Yoder, SM Balasubramanian, S Khalil, W Patel, VJ AF Yoder, Samantha M. Balasubramanian, Sidharth Khalil, Waleed Patel, Vipul J. BE Carletta, J Geiger, RL TI Accuracy and Speed Limitations in DACs across CMOS process Technologies SO 2013 IEEE 56TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Ohio State Univ, Ohio Union, Columbus, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Univ Cincinnati, Khalifa Univ HO Ohio State Univ, Ohio Union AB We present a study of accuracy and timing limitations in current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Effects of limited output impedance and device mismatches on the DAC performance are discussed and observed for a 10-bit DAC operating at GS/s. These limitations are also studied across 180, 90, and 65 nm CMOS process technologies. C1 [Yoder, Samantha M.; Balasubramanian, Sidharth; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Patel, Vipul J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yoder, SM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4799-0066-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2013 BP 868 EP 871 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA1YQ UT WOS:000333176800218 ER PT B AU Kolonay, RM AF Kolonay, Raymond M. BE Bil, C Mo, J Stjepandic, J TI Physics-Based Distributed Collaborative Design for Aerospace Vehicle Development and Technology Assessment SO 20TH ISPE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCURRENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Prod Enhancement DE multidisciplinary design optimization; collaborative design; network computing; physics-based design; Service ORiented Computing EnviRonment (SORCER) AB One of the missions of the United States Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) is to develop and assess technologies for next generation aerospace systems. Currently, the assessment is achieved using empirical relationships and historical data associated with systems developed previously. The assessment is done in this fashion due to resource constraints on time, personnel, and funding. Performing technology assessment in such a fashion, although timely, is not necessarily accurate. This is due to the fact that many of the technologies and system configurations being evaluated have no historical or empirical information associated with them. Hence, traditional assessment techniques produce misleading results and subsequently ill-informed decisions by Air Force leadership associated with technology investment and potential future system capabilities. To address this issue the Multidisciplinary Science and Technology Center within AFRL's Aerospace Systems Directorate is developing physics-based design exploration and technology assessment methods and processes. The new methods and processes utilize physics-based analyses and a distributed collaborative computational environment to predict vehicle performance which in turn is used in mission level simulations to assess the impact of a given configuration or technology on the combat effectiveness of a system. The new methods and processes will be executable within the same time and resource constraints of the traditional process. This enables AFRL technology developers to have a quantifiable and traceable trail of the impact of their technologies on system performance parameters such as weight, lift, and drag into terms that Air Force leadership measures system effectiveness - lethality, survivability, sustainability, and affordability. This leads to well informed decisions concerning technology investment and achievable capabilities. C1 US AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kolonay, RM (reprint author), US AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-61499-302-5; 978-1-61499-301-8 PY 2013 BP 198 EP 215 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-302-5-198 PG 18 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BA2CB UT WOS:000333272000022 ER PT B AU Sobolewski, M Burton, S Kolonay, R AF Sobolewski, Michael Burton, Scott Kolonay, Raymond BE Bil, C Mo, J Stjepandic, J TI Parametric Mogramming with Var- oriented Modeling and Exertion-Oriented Programming Languages SO 20TH ISPE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCURRENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY SEP 02-06, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Prod Enhancement DE transdisciplinary concurrent engineering; service-oriented mogramming; var-oriented modeling; exertion-oriented programming; SOA; SORCER AB The Service ORiented Computing EnviRonment (SORCER) targets service abstractions for transdisciplinary concurrent engineering with support for true service-oriented (SO) computing. SORCER's models are expressed in a top-down Var-oriented Modeling Language (VML) unified with programs in a bottom-up Exertion-Oriented Language (EOL). In this paper the basic concepts of mogramming are presented. On the one hand, modeling with service variables allows for computational fidelity within multiple types of evaluations. On the other hand, any combination of local and remote services can be described in EOL as a collaborative federation of engineering applications, tools, and utilities. An example of aircraft conceptual design application is given to illustrate how parametric models can participate in service-oriented engineering analyses. C1 [Sobolewski, Michael; Burton, Scott; Kolonay, Raymond] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sobolewski, M (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-61499-302-5; 978-1-61499-301-8 PY 2013 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-302-5-381 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BA2CB UT WOS:000333272000040 ER PT J AU Welker, TC Pachter, M Huffman, RE AF Welker, Troy C. Pachter, Meir Huffman, Richard E., Jr. GP IEEE TI Gravity Gradiometer Integrated Inertial Navigation SO 2013 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUL 17-19, 2013 CL ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP European Control Assoc, IFAC, IEEE, CSS HO ETH Zurich AB In high precision inertial navigation, gravity field modeling error becomes a limiting factor. Granted that high precision accelerometers are used, airborne gravity gradiometry can be employed in a self-contained way to accurately estimate the gravity field on the fly and eliminate the gravity field modeling error. The local acceleration of gravity will be estimated using the onboard accelerometer measurements, provided that the acceleration measurements are very accurate, as is the case in high precision INS using cold atom interferometry-based accelerometers. An autonomous free-inertial gravity gradiometer integrated aircraft navigation system is promulgated.. e accurate mapping of the gravity field along the aircraft's flight path is an added benefit. C1 [Welker, Troy C.; Huffman, Richard E., Jr.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Welker, TC (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-033-03962-9 PY 2013 BP 846 EP 851 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BA1GM UT WOS:000332509701039 ER PT J AU Pham, KD Gubar, A AF Pham, Khanh D. Gubar, Alena GP IEEE TI A Class of Mean-Risk Decisions for Noncooperative Games and Distributed Controls SO 2013 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUL 17-19, 2013 CL ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP European Control Assoc, IFAC, IEEE, CSS HO ETH Zurich ID DIFFERENTIAL-GAMES AB The paper gives a comprehensive presentation of the broad and still developing area of risk-averse decision making in the stochastic linear-quadratic class of multiperson noncooperative differential games and/or distributed controls. The fundamental set of design principles is developed for self-directed decision makers, who are imitatively cautious and privately capable of incorporating summary performance-measure statistics into their distributed output-feedback Nash decision policies for competitive interactions and engagements. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gubar, Alena] St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Math & Control Proc, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil; alyona.gubar@gmail.com RI Gubar, Elena/J-3085-2013 OI Gubar, Elena/0000-0002-8970-1617 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-033-03962-9 PY 2013 BP 4365 EP 4370 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BA1GM UT WOS:000332509704128 ER PT J AU Epstein, RI Sheik-Bahae, M Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Albrecht, AR Ghasemkhani, M AF Epstein, R. I. Sheik-Bahae, M. Melgaard, S. D. Seletskiy, D. V. Albrecht, A. R. Ghasemkhani, M. GP IEEE TI Optical Cryocoolers SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVE ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (ISEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 14th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Cambridge, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Council Superconduct, Out Fog Res, Russian Quantum Ctr, ONR, Dept Navy DE cryocooling; solid-state; anti-Stokes fluorescence; laser cooling AB Optical refrigeration is a solid-state cooling technology that has already achieved working temperatures of 114 K and is expected to cool below 80 K in the near future. This approach to cooling generates no vibrations and is immune to magnetic or electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the coolers can be much lighter and more compact than mechanical coolers. At the minimum temperatures, the heat lift is about 1% of the input power. C1 [Epstein, R. I.] ThermoDynam Films LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Epstein, R. I.; Sheik-Bahae, M.; Melgaard, S. D.; Albrecht, A. R.; Ghasemkhani, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, S. D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Seletskiy, D. V.] Univ Konstanz, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Epstein, RI (reprint author), ThermoDynam Films LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6371-6 PY 2013 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA2CG UT WOS:000333277300010 ER PT J AU Morrow, CE Bryan, CJ Stephenson, JA Bryan, AO Haskell, J Staal, M AF Morrow, Chad E. Bryan, Craig J. Stephenson, James A. Bryan, AnnaBelle O. Haskell, Jeremy Staal, Mark TI Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, and Insomnia Among US Air Force Pararescuemen SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military; PSTD; depression; insomnia; special forces ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; ACTIVE-DUTY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; RESERVE-COMPONENT; SEVERITY INDEX; IRAQ WAR; MILITARY; COMBAT; SOLDIERS; SYMPTOMS AB Few studies have examined rates of mental health problems among special duty military personnel, who often have frequent deployments and high exposure to operational stressors and trauma. The current study examined the severity and rates of positive screening for posttraumatic stress, depression, and insomnia among 194 U. S. Air Force pararescuemen (PJs) in the active duty (AD) and National Guard/Reserve (NG/R) components. Overall estimated rates were 11.6% for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 1.6% for probable depression, and 16.1% for clinical insomnia. PJs in the NG/R reported significantly more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms (F(1, 162) = 10.031, p = .002, partial eta(2) = .058) and were approximately twice as likely to screen positive for probable PTSD (8.5% vs. 19.1%; chi(2)[1] = 3.679, p = .055). No differences in the rate or severity of depression or insomnia symptoms were found. Rates of positive screens are comparable to or lower than previously published rates among military personnel. C1 [Morrow, Chad E.] Hurlburt Field, Mary Esther, FL USA. [Bryan, Craig J.; Bryan, AnnaBelle O.] Natl Ctr Vet Studies, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Bryan, Craig J.] Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. [Stephenson, James A.] Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, AL USA. [Bryan, AnnaBelle O.] Univ Utah, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. [Haskell, Jeremy] Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Staal, Mark] Pope Army Air Field, Fayetteville, NC USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Natl Ctr Vet Studies, 260 South Cent Campus Dr,Room 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. EM craig.bryan@utah.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 6 BP 568 EP 576 DI 10.1037/mil0000021 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AD9MT UT WOS:000333589900004 ER PT J AU Douglass, SA AF Douglass, Scott A. BE Rozenblit, JW TI Autonomous Agents in Complex Event-Driven Software Systems SO 2013 20TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER BASED SYSTEMS (ECBS 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS) CY APR 22-24, 2013 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Univ Arizona, Coll Engn, ECE, IEEE Tech Comm Engn Comp Based Syst DE autonomous agents; meta-modeling; complex event processing; event-driven software systems AB AFRL cognitive scientists are struggling to develop cognitive process models that behave more like autonomous goal-pursuing agents than programs. Autonomous agents are difficult to develop because the broader system in which contingencies and effective actions mesh must be represented and processed by the agent. In complex and dynamic environments, it is virtually impossible to author a set of pre-defined rules capturing all the relationships between contingencies, constraints, and effective actions. For the last three years, an AFRL Large-Scale Cognitive Modeling (LSCM) research initiative has worked to develop new agent specification formalisms that decrease the importance of pre-defined rules. The initiative has also developed execution frameworks for these formalisms that reduce the difficulty of integrating autonomous agents into training and operational environments built upon complex event-driven software systems. During this address, I will describe how the LSCM initiative has used meta-modeling in the Generic Modeling Environment and agent execution in a "cognitively enhanced" complex event processing architecture to fundamentally change the way cognitive models and agents are conceived of, specified, and executed. The address will demonstrate how these changes help AFRL cognitive scientists specify autonomous agents and integrate them into complex event-driven software systems. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Douglass, SA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM scott.douglass@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-4991-0 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1109/ECBS.2013.35 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA1RQ UT WOS:000332978600001 ER PT J AU Peng, W Li, F Han, KJ Zou, XK Wu, J AF Peng, Wei Li, Feng Han, Keesook J. Zou, Xukai Wu, Jie GP IEEE TI T-dominance: Prioritized Defense Deployment for BYOD Security SO 2013 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK SECURITY (CNS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) CY OCT 14-16, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, VeriSign Corp, Virginia Techs Hume Ctr DE BYOD; prioritized defense deployment; security representativeness; temporal-spatial pattern ID NETWORKS; MOBILE AB Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is an enterprise information technology (IT) policy that encourages employees to use their own devices to access sensitive corporate data at work through the enterprise IT infrastructure. Many current BYOD security practices are costly to implement and intrusive to employees, which, to some degree, negate BYOD's perceived benefits. To address such tension, we propose prioritized defense deployment: Instead of employing the same costly and intrusive security measures on each BYOD smartphone, more stringent threat detection/mitigation mechanisms are deployed on those representative smartphones, each of which represents, security-wise, a group of smartphones in the whole BYOD device pool. To this end, we propose a concept and a distributed algorithm, both named T-dominance, to capture the temporal-spatial pattern in an enterprise environment. We identify a few desirable properties of prioritized defense deployment, and analytically show that T-dominance satisfies such properties. We complement our analysis with simulations on real Wi-Fi association traces. C1 [Peng, Wei; Zou, Xukai] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Li, Feng] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Informat & Leadersh Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Han, Keesook J.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Wu, Jie] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Peng, W (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0895-0 PY 2013 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BA1QL UT WOS:000332881600005 ER PT J AU Atighetchi, M Soule, N Pal, P Loyall, J Sinclair, A Grant, R AF Atighetchi, Michael Soule, Nathaniel Pal, Partha Loyall, Joseph Sinclair, Asher Grant, Robert GP IEEE TI Safe Configuration of TLS Connections Beyond Default Settings SO 2013 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK SECURITY (CNS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) CY OCT 14-16, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, VeriSign Corp, Virginia Techs Hume Ctr DE Transport Layer Security (TLS); Secure Socket Layer (SSL); configuration; secure flow modeling AB Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its precursor Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are the most widely deployed protocol to establish secure communication over insecure Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Providing a secure session layer on top of TCP, TLS is frequently the first defense layer encountered by adversaries who try to cause loss of confidentiality by sniffing live traffic or loss of integrity using man-in-the-middle attacks. Despite its wide deployment and evolution over the last 18 years, TLS remains vulnerable to a number of threats at the protocol layer and therefore does not provide strong security out-of-the-box, requiring tweaks to its configuration in order to provide the expected security benefits. This paper provides a summary of the current TLS threat surface together with a validated approach for minimizing the risk of TLS-compromise. The main contributions of this paper include 1) identification of configuration options that together maximize security guarantees in the context of recent TLS exploits and 2) specification of expected flows and automated comparison with observed flows to flag inconsistencies. C1 [Atighetchi, Michael; Soule, Nathaniel; Pal, Partha; Loyall, Joseph] Raytheon BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sinclair, Asher; Grant, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Atighetchi, M (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM matighet@bbn.com; nsoule@bbn.com; ppal@bbn.com; jloyall@bbn.com; asher.sinclair@af.rl.mil; robert.grant@af.rl.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0895-0 PY 2013 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BA1QL UT WOS:000332881600069 ER PT S AU Bai, LD Roy, S Rangaswamy, M AF Bai, Linda Roy, Sumit Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Compressive Radar Clutter Subspace Estimation Using Dictionary Learning SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS DE Compressive Sensing; Dictionary Learning; Space-Time Adaptive Processing AB Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) based on matched filter processing in the presence of additive clutter (modeled as colored noise) requires knowledge of the clutter covariance matrix. In practice, this is estimated via the sample covariance matrix using samples from the neighboring range bins around the reference bin. By applying compressive sensing, the number of training samples needed to estimate the covariance matrix can be significantly reduced, provided that the basis mismatch problem, inherent to compressive sensing can be mitigated. This paper presents an adaptive approach to choosing the best sparsifying basis, using dictionary learning to estimate the radar clutter subspace. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the desired reduction in training samples, and is more accurate than previous reduced-rank algorithm baseline. C1 [Bai, Linda; Roy, Sumit] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, AFRL RYAP, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bai, LD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0718124] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to the 1st author under Grant No. DGE-0718124. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800197 ER PT S AU Barott, WC Himed, B AF Barott, William C. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Simulation Model for Wide-Area Multi-Service Passive Radar Coverage Predictions SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB This paper describes the simulation approach and model for a software tool used to analyze passive radar scenarios. A database of known transmitters includes more than 250,000 sources from FM radio, digital television, cellular, and aeronautical radio-navigation aids. Terrain is considered using digital elevation maps and the Irregular Terrain Model. The tool calculates the expected detection and localization performance for PBR receivers, and can be used to guide receiver design. C1 [Barott, William C.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Barott, WC (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) [FA9550-09-C-0114] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program through the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) under contract FA9550-09-C-0114. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800168 ER PT S AU Bell, KL Johnson, JT Baker, CJ Smith, GE Rangaswamy, M AF Bell, Kristine L. Johnson, Joel T. Baker, Christopher J. Smith, Graeme E. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Modeling and Simulation for Multistatic Coherent MIMO Radar SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID TIME; CLUTTER AB Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar systems employ multiple transmit and receive elements with transmit elements that have the ability to transmit arbitrary waveforms simultaneously and receive elements that have the ability to process all of the transmitted signals jointly. For ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems, MIMO offers the potential to improve angular resolution and illumination time of the radar and therefore lower the minimum detectable velocity of moving targets. In this paper, we consider GMTI systems consisting of airborne platforms in configurations which include collocated transmit and receive elements on a single platform, distributed transmit/receive elements using multiple platforms, and hybrid arrangements. A multistatic coherent MIMO GMTI model is formulated that consists of multiple spatially distributed, moving, multi-element transmit and receive platforms that form multiple bistatic coherent MIMO pairs. Optimum and adaptive detectors are developed and performance is evaluated via simulation for the multistatic coherent MIMO system as well as each bistatic coherent MIMO pair. A clutter simulation methodology is presented that combines a realistic physics-based bistatic scattering model with a spherically invariant random vector (SIRV) random sample generator. C1 [Bell, Kristine L.] Metron Inc, 1818 Lib St,Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Johnson, Joel T.; Baker, Christopher J.; Smith, Graeme E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Elect Sci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Direct, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bell, KL (reprint author), Metron Inc, 1818 Lib St,Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-M-1384] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-12-M-1384. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800131 ER PT S AU Chen, Z Li, HB Rangaswamy, M AF Chen, Zhu Li, Hongbin Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Asymptotic Performance Analysis of the Conjugate Gradient Reduced-Rank Adaptive Detector SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID RADAR AB We consider an adaptive reduced-rank CG-AMF detector, obtained by using the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm to solve for the weight vector of the adaptive matched filter (AMF). We examine the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of the CG-AMF detector in the presence of strong clutter/interference. An asymtotic expression of the probability density function of the output SINR is obtained. Numerical results show that for a fixed training size, the CG-AMF detector often reaches its peak output SINR with a lower rank compared with the other reduced-rank detectors, which implies that the CG-AMF detector has lower computational complexity and less training requirement C1 [Chen, Zhu; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM Hongbin.Li@stevens.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800040 ER PT S AU del Arroyo, JRG Jackson, JA AF del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez Jackson, Julie Ann GP IEEE TI Collecting and Processing WiMAX Ground Returns for SAR Imaging SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID RADAR AB Employing signals of opportunity for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is the subject of recent research. This paper presents concepts on the collection and processing of WiMAX OFDM waveforms to produce SAR ground images. A radar collection model is presented followed by the signal processing approach based on previously derived OFDM phase history models. Two multi-symbol match filter designs are described. Experimental SAR images using WiMAX waveforms are shown to validate the overarching signal processing approach. C1 [del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez; Jackson, Julie Ann] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800194 ER PT S AU Gogineni, S Rangaswamy, M Nehorai, A AF Gogineni, Sandeep Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Nehorai, Arye GP IEEE TI Multi-modal OFDM Waveform Design SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS DE OFDM radar; channel capacity; detection; Mahalanobis distance ID RADAR AB Due to limitations in the bandwidth resources, sharing the spectrum across several modalities has become increasingly important. In this paper, we will consider OFDM spectral sharing between radar and wireless communication systems. We will define and compute the importance of each sub-carrier to both the modalities by considering the radar detection performance and channel capacity. We will design the OFDM waveforms for communications and radar by appropriately allocating the sub-carriers using these importance functions. Using numerical simulations, we will demonstrate the performance of our proposed design mechanism. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek Twp, OH USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nehorai, Arye] Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek Twp, OH USA. EM sandeep.gogineni@wright.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil; nehorai@ese.wustl.edu FU NSF [CCF-1014908]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0210] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant CCF-1014908 and AFOSR Grant FA9550-11-1-0210. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800134 ER PT S AU Hersey, RK Showman, GA Culpepper, E AF Hersey, Ryan K. Showman, Gregory A. Culpepper, Edwin GP IEEE TI Clutter-Based Array Calibration for Enhanced Geolocation Accuracy SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID RADAR AB Accurate target geolocation is critical to ground moving target indication (GMTI) performance. Large geolocation errors can make interpreting GMTI detection results difficult, particularly in dense target environments. Geolocation errors can result from a combination of antenna channel errors and platform inertial navigation system (INS) biases. In this paper we develop clutter-based array calibration techniques that remove unknown, channel-to-channel, phase and amplitude errors. These clutter-based techniques utilize distributed clutter for calibration and require no a priori knowledge of the scene or calibration targets. We also apply these techniques to estimate the platform orientation, which significantly improves cross-range geolocation accuracy as compared to platform INS orientation estimates. We present results on measured X-band data. C1 [Hersey, Ryan K.; Showman, Gregory A.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, Edwin] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hersey, RK (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800122 ER PT S AU Jameson, B Garmatyuk, D Morton, YTJ Ewing, R AF Jameson, Brian Garmatyuk, Dmitriy Morton, Y. T. Jade Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Short-Range Rotational SAR Imaging of Indoor Environments Using UWB OFDM Sensor SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID RADAR AB In this paper we discuss the SAR processing algorithm and results associated with the ultra-wideband (UWB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. An efficient method of OFDM SAR imaging for strip-map configuration has been proposed before; in this work we expand upon it and add a new configuration - rotational SAR. We derive the relevant parameters of the rotational SAR system; explore challenges associated with extremely short-range UWB rotational SAR imaging; and present simulation results of imaging point-like targets in presence of noise. C1 [Jameson, Brian; Garmatyuk, Dmitriy; Morton, Y. T. Jade] Miami Univ, Dept ECE, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Ewing, Robert] RYMDB, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Jameson, B (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept ECE, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM jamesobd@muohio.edu; garmatd@muohio.edu; mortonyt@muohio.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) [RY17-MU-11-1] FX This work was partially supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) Grant RY17-MU-11-1. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800058 ER PT S AU Jameson, B Garmatyuk, D Morton, YTJ Kauffman, K Ewing, R AF Jameson, Brian Garmatyuk, Dmitriy Morton, Y. T. Jade Kauffman, Kyle Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Reconnaissance Using Adaptive Multi-Carrier Radar SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID SYSTEM AB This paper discusses the implementation and verification of original methods for performing short-range navigation and detection in common indoor environments. These methods utilize a software-defined ultra-wideband (UWB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar system. Specifically, the system is used to identify the presence of targets while being subjected to realistic noise and clutter by using disturbance models created using experimentally-collected training data. Additionally, the same sensor is utilized to detect and the location and dimensions of doorways using the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and frequency profile matching (FPM), thus allowing for a localized navigation solution should the system need to move into adjoining rooms. These developments provide functionality that will assist a robotic platform that operates autonomously in unknown indoor environments. C1 [Jameson, Brian; Garmatyuk, Dmitriy; Morton, Y. T. Jade] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Kauffman, Kyle] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ewing, Robert] RYMD, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Jameson, B (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM jamesobd@muohio.edu; garmatd@muohio.edu; mortonyt@muohio.edu; kyle.j.kauffman@gmail.com; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.mil FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) [RY17-MU-11-1] FX This work was partially supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) Grant RY17-MU-11-1. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800057 ER PT S AU Kang, B Monga, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kang, Bosung Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI On the Practical Merits of Rank Constrained ML Estimator of Structured Covariance Matrices SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID ADAPTIVE RADAR; ALGORITHM; DETECTOR AB Estimation of the disturbance or interference covariance matrix plays a central role on radar target detection in the presence of clutter, noise and jammer. The disturbance covariance matrix should be inferred from training sample observations in practice. Traditional maximum likelihood (ML) estimators lead degraded false alarm and detection performance in the realistic regime of limited training. For this reason, informed estimators have been actively researched. Recently, a new estimator [1] that explicitly incorporates rank information of the clutter subspace was proposed. This paper reports significant new analytical and experimental investigations on the rank-constrained maximum likelihood (RCML) estimator. First, we show that the RCML estimation problem formulated in [1] has a closed form. Next, we perform new and rigorous experimental evaluation in the form of reporting: 1.) probability of detection versus signal to noise ratio (SNR), and 2.) SINR performance under heterogeneous (target corrupted) training data. In each case, we compare against widely used existing estimators and show that exploiting the rank information has significant practical merits in robust estimation. C1 [Kang, Bosung; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bkang@psu.edu; vmonga@engr.psu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800052 ER PT S AU Setlur, P Devroye, N Rangaswamy, M AF Setlur, Pawan Devroye, Natasha Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Waveform Design and Scheduling in Space-Time Adaptive Radar SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB Waveform design and waveform scheduling are addressed in the context of space time adaptive processing (STAP) for radar. An air-borne radar with an array of sensors is assumed, which interrogates ground based targets. The designed waveform is assumed to be transmitted over one coherent processing interval (CPI). The waveform design and waveform scheduling problems are formulated with a cost function similar to the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) cost function as in classical radar STAP. Least-squared solutions for the designed waveform are obtained. It is shown that both the designed waveform and the scheduled waveforms will depend on the spatial and Doppler responses of the desired target; in particular, its spatial and temporal steering vectors. The focus of this paper will be the performance of the designed and scheduled waveforms for unknown correlation matrices but estimated from the training data, and will be addressed via simulations. C1 [Setlur, Pawan; Devroye, Natasha] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Setlur, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. FU US AFOSR [FA 9550-10-1-0239] FX This work was sponsored by US AFOSR under award FA 9550-10-1-0239; no official endorsement must be inferred. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800146 ER PT S AU Wang, P Li, HB Himed, B AF Wang, Pu Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI MOVING TARGET DETECTION FOR DISTRIBUTED MIMO RADAR WITH IMPERFECT WAVEFORM SEPARATION SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS DE Distributed MIMO radar; moving target detection; generalized likelihood ratio test; hypothesis testing AB In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting a moving target with a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar when perfect waveform separations at the local receivers are no longer valid. By formulating a composite hypothesis testing problem with a subspace modeling of the target residual, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is developed by deriving the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the unknown parameters. Simulation results are provided to compare the proposed GLRT solution with existing MIMO detectors that do not account for target residuals. C1 [Wang, Pu; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] AFRL, RYMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. FU Dynetics, Inc; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX This work was supported in part by a subcontract with Dynetics, Inc. for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-08-D-1303. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800041 ER PT S AU Zelnio, AM Moore, LJ Roush, CR Rigling, BD AF Zelnio, Anne M. Moore, Linda J. Roush, Craig R. Rigling, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Cramer-Rao Lower Bound on Time of Arrival Estimates for an Envelope-Detected Pulse SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB The pulse time of arrival is an important parameter estimated in an electronic warfare receiver. The Cramer-Rao bound provides a lower bound on the variance of unbiased parameter estimates. In the past, time of arrival performance has been compared to a bound derived under Gaussian assumptions. However, these estimates are frequently computed from the pulse envelope, which exhibits Rician statistics that are approximately Gaussian only at high signal-to-noise ratios. This correspondence derives the Rician Cramer-Rao bound on time of arrival estimation accuracy. C1 [Zelnio, Anne M.; Moore, Linda J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roush, Craig R.] N Ask, Aurora, CO 80016 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Zelnio, AM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800201 ER PT J AU Balfour, RE Donnelly, BP AF Balfour, Robert E. Donnelly, Brian P. GP IEEE TI The What, Why and How of Achieving Urban Telepresence SO 2013 NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON LONG ISLAND SYSTEMS, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (LISAT 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference on IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology (LISAT) CY MAY 03, 2013 CL Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Long Isl Sect, Farmingdale State Coll, Inst Res & Technol Transfer HO Farmingdale State Coll DE urban telepresence; overwatch; augmented virtual reality; situational awareness; fourDscape AB 21st century advancements in information technology are enabling a powerful emerging capability known as Urban Telepresence (UT). This capability allows users to experience an operational environment (e. g. an urban cityscape) via an immersive, remote browser interface. UT operators can interact in real-time with personnel and sensor assets in that environment, and can derive comprehensive shared situational awareness (SA) from a mixed reality (i.e. live-over-virtual-overtime) augmentation of the environment with supporting intelligence, including past/present/forecast information. The deployment of UT capability becomes a force multiplier for military operations as well as civilian safety, security and emergency response. By providing on-scene sensor data registered into the virtual scene of the real environment, UT facilitates effective supervisory control of the sensors to follow situation dynamics, and creates powerful enhanced "overwatch" abilities. With super-human ability to change perspective and evaluate the scene both spatially and temporally, the "virtual operator" becomes a valued team member to personnel in the environment in real-time. In the future, UT will play a substantial role for missions in both non-cooperative (e.g. military) and cooperative (e. g. natural disaster response) environments. fourDscape (R) four-dimensional (4D) browser/server technology is already deployed and providing enhanced situational awareness in homeland security applications, and is currently being leveraged by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) as a baseline technology for developing and evaluating a comprehensive Urban Telepresence integrated system and human-machine interface (HMI). Some of the important technical components of this UT capability include: an immersive, augmented virtual reality (AVR) environment providing an untethered perspective into the real-world operational environment; a naturalistic user interface for temporal-spatial navigation and information management; an effective HMI to perform supervisory control of manned/unmanned on-scene assets and sharing of vital information; and disparate multi-systems integration to develop a complete temporal-spatial 4D context for comprehensive shared situational awareness. In addition, a Testing/Training Methodology and simulation environment is being developed, combining both performance-based and knowledge-based measures of effectiveness (MoEs) techniques, which will evaluate the value UT adds to SA in an overwatch capacity. C1 [Balfour, Robert E.] Balfour Technol LLC, Bethpage, NY 11714 USA. [Donnelly, Brian P.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Balfour, RE (reprint author), Balfour Technol LLC, Bethpage, NY 11714 USA. EM bob@BAL4.com; brian.donnelly@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Department of the Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory, under an SBIR Phase III RDTE FX This work is sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of the Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory, under an SBIR Phase III RDT&E contract, leveraging previous DHS HSARPA SBIR Phase I/II efforts in Automated Situational Awareness. This information does not necessarily reflect the policy of the U.S. Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The contents of this paper have been Cleared and Approved for public release (Distribution A) by the USAF AFRL: 88ABW Cleared 3/13/2013; 88ABW-2013-1201. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6244-3 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA1QQ UT WOS:000332900200022 ER PT S AU Clark, MR Hopkinson, KM AF Clark, Michael R. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. GP IEEE TI Towards an Understanding of the Tradeoffs in Adversary Models of Smart Grid Privacy Protocols SO 2013 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING (PES) SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Cryptography; Smart grids; Adversary models; Homomorphic encryption AB Maintaining privacy while still providing the advanced functionality of the smart grid is a very important topic in the power and energy communities. Recently proposed protocols attempt to solve the associated problems in such a way that privacy is maintained. These protocols are typically proven secure under one of two adversary models: the honest-but-curious model or the malicious model. The honest-but-curious model is the weaker of the two in that adversaries are assumed to be honest in carrying out the protocol without deviation but use any information gathered during the process to violate another party's privacy. This model is often justified in the literature by assuming that devices are tamper resistant. It turns out that each of these models has its benefits and disadvantages. Add in the assumption of anti-tamper protections, and the story becomes even more complicated. In this work, we initiate a look at the tradeoffs of the two models (along with the anti-tamper assumption) by comparing one privacy preserving data-aggregation protocol from each model found in the published literature. We examine the computation and communication complexities of each protocol and study how these affect the scalability of the protocols. We also comment on anti-tamper protections and their associated computational costs. C1 [Clark, Michael R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hopkinson, Kenneth M.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Clark, MR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.clark2@wpafb.af.mil; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-1303-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2013 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA0LX UT WOS:000331874300238 ER PT S AU Baek, SS Kwon, H Yoder, JA Pack, D AF Baek, Stanley S. Kwon, Hyukseong Yoder, Josiah A. Pack, Daniel BE Amato, N TI Optimal Path Planning of a Target-Following Fixed-Wing UAV Using Sequential Decision Processes SO 2013 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY NOV 03-08, 2013 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, New Technol Fdn, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Kawada Robot, Reflexxes GmbH, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn ID TRACKING; VEHICLES; SEARCH AB In this work, we consider the optimal path of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking a mobile surface target. One of the limitations of fixed-wing UAVs in tracking mobile targets is the lack of hovering capability when the target moves much slower than the minimum UAV speed, requiring the UAV maintain an orbit about the target. In this paper, we propose a method to find the optimal policy for fixed-wing UAVs to minimize the location uncertainty of a mobile target. Using a grid-based Markov Decision Process (MDP), we use an off-line policy iteration algorithm to find an optimal UAV path in a coarse discretized state space, followed by an on-line policy iteration algorithm that applies a finer grid MDP to the region of interest to find the final optimal UAV trajectory. We validate the proposed algorithm using computer simulations. Comparing the simulation results with other methods, we show that the proposed method has up to 13% decrease in error uncertainty than ones resulted using conventional methods. C1 [Baek, Stanley S.; Kwon, Hyukseong; Yoder, Josiah A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pack, Daniel] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Baek, SS (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4673-6358-7 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2013 BP 2955 EP 2962 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BA0HU UT WOS:000331367403005 ER PT S AU Benson, TM Hersey, RK Culpepper, E AF Benson, Thomas M. Hersey, Ryan K. Culpepper, Edwin GP IEEE TI GPU-Based Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) for Radar SO 2013 IEEE CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE EXTREME COMPUTING (HPEC) SE IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on High Performance Extreme Computing (HPEC) CY SEP 10-12, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) utilizes a two-dimensional adaptive filter to detect targets within a radar data set with speeds similar to the background clutter. While adaptively optimal solutions exist, they are prohibitively computationally intensive. Thus, researchers have developed alternative algorithms with nearly optimal filtering performance and greatly reduced computational intensity. While such alternatives reduce the computational requirements, the computational burden remains significant and efficient implementations of such algorithms remains an area of active research. This paper focuses on an efficient graphics processor unit (GPU) based implementation of the extended factored algorithm (EFA) using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) framework provided by NVIDIA. C1 [Benson, Thomas M.; Hersey, Ryan K.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Culpepper, Edwin] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Benson, TM (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2377-6943 BN 978-1-4799-1365-7; 978-1-4799-1364-0 J9 IEEE HIGH PERF EXTR PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BA0SQ UT WOS:000332186600026 ER PT B AU Rhodes, M AF Rhodes, Matthew BE Blair, D TI Democracy and Armed Forces in Europe and Eurasia SO MILITARY ENGAGEMENT: INFLUENCING ARMED FORCES WORLDWIDE TO SUPPORT DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS, VOL 2: REGIONAL AND COUNTRY STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rhodes, Matthew] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Program Cent Europe, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Rhodes, Matthew] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Program Southeast Europe, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Rhodes, Matthew] Palacky Univ, Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Rhodes, Matthew] Cent Coll, Danville, KY USA. [Rhodes, Matthew] US Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Rhodes, M (reprint author), George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Program Cent Europe, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2478-0; 978-0-8157-2480-3 PY 2013 BP 274 EP 299 PG 26 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA0FG UT WOS:000331133100014 ER PT S AU Leslie, CJ Boakye, EE Keller, KA Cinibulk, MK AF Leslie, Clifford J. Boakye, Emmanuel E. Keller, Kristin A. Cinibulk, Michael K. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP Ko, SW Castro, RHR Pickrell, G Manjooran, NJ Nair, KM Singh, G TI DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SiC FIBER REINFORCED HfB2-SiC COMPOSITES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference (MS and T) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID OXIDATION RESISTANCE; SILICON-CARBIDE; HAFNIUM AB The fabrication of SiC/HfB2-SiC continuous fiber reinforced composites by polymer impregnation and slurry infiltration of partially densified SiC-SiC laminates was investigated. A polymer-based HfB2 precursor was synthesized and used to impregnate the preform panels via vacuum infiltration. Subsequent heat treatment at 1600 degrees C in argon carbothermally reduced the polymer to HfB2 and residual carbon. Slurry infiltration was performed via vacuum infiltration, pressure infiltration, vibration infiltration, vibration-assisted vacuum infiltration and vibration-assisted pressure infiltration using 5 vol % HfB2 slurries in ethanol. An additional pressure infiltration experiment was performed using a 15 vol % slurry. Subsequent heat treatment at 1600 degrees C was sufficient to initiate sintering of HfB2 particles, but not densification. Polymer impregnation resulted in poor infiltration due to the low ceramic yield of the polymer and poor adhesion to the preform. SEM analysis, Archimedes density measurements and computational image analysis showed some success for the slurry infiltration techniques, with the best results observed for pressure infiltration using the 5 vol % slurry. C1 [Leslie, Clifford J.; Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Keller, Kristin A.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leslie, CJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-118-74409-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2013 VL 240 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BA0HO UT WOS:000331272400001 ER PT S AU Lawal, O Kettwich, SC Iacono, ST AF Lawal, Olawale Kettwich, Sharon C. Iacono, Scott T. BE Clarson, SJ Owen, MJ Smith, SD Van Dyke, M Brook, M Mabry, J TI Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of New Fluorosilicone Block Copolymers A Study of the Synthesis and Properties of Perfluorcyclobutyl (PFCB) Aryl Ether Modified Siloxane Block Polymers SO PROGRESS IN SILICONES AND SILICONE-MODIFIED MATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem ID CONTAINING FLUOROPOLYMERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB In this work, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether block dimethylsilioxane polymers were prepared via the step-growth addition polymerization of discreetly sized PFCB prepolymers and carbinol (hydroxyl) terminated silicones. These hybrid fluorosilicone polymer systems displayed high thermal stability, are entirely amorphous, and solution processable producing transparent films with high optical clarity. The synthesis, characterization, thermal analyses, and current scope of hybrid PFCB aryl ether polymer systems are discussed. C1 [Lawal, Olawale] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lawal, O (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2964-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1154 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA0KG UT WOS:000331591200006 ER PT J AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Wavelet-based radar waveform adaptable for different operation conditions SO 2013 10TH EUROPEAN RADAR CONFERENCE (EURAD) SE European Radar Conference EuRAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) CY OCT 09-11, 2013 CL Nuremberg, GERMANY SP APS, AESS DE Wavelets; Wavelet Packet; Cognitive Radar; Bats Waveforms ID DESIGN AB We propose using sets of waveforms for different radar operation conditions based on wavelets. The new waveforms can adjust the bandwidth and transmission power adapting to the target and environmental conditions. Each scaling function or wavelet packet can form a narrow-bandwidth pulse with certain transmission power. Narrow bandwidth and large transmission power waveforms are effective for accurate speed detection of long-range targets. A new approach of pulse integration can summarize the detection results of multiple narrow bandwidth pulses producing a high range resolution result of an equivalently wide bandwidth pulse. For close-range tracking task, a set of wide bandwidth pulse waveforms (even a single waveform) with low transmission power can quickly update the range information, and reduce background interferences. The adaption approach is verified by experiments which also demonstrate the purposed waveforms suppressing range sidelobes more effectively than traditional linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms. C1 [Cao, Siyang; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-87487-033-0 J9 EUROP RADAR CONF PY 2013 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BA0AG UT WOS:000330790600038 ER PT B AU Reyes, JA Shelley, TJ Sandstrom, MM Brown, GW Phillips, JJ Warner, KF Remmers, DL Hsu, PC Reynolds, JG AF Reyes, Jose A. Shelley, Timothy J. Sandstrom, Mary M. Brown, Geoffrey W. Phillips, Jason J. Warner, Kirstin F. Remmers, Daniel L. Hsu, Peter C. Reynolds, John G. GP IEEE TI Challenges of Small-Scale Safety and Thermal Testing of Improvised Explosives: Results from the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program Proficiency Test SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY (HST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST) CY NOV 12-14, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, IEEE USA, IEEE Biometr Council, Massport, Govt Technol and Serv Coalit, Boston Prod Management Assoc, Massachusetts High Technol Council, Market Res Media, IEEE Women Engn, Domest Preparedness Com, DPJ Weekly Brief, DomPrep Journal, IEEE Boston Sect DE Small-scall safety testing; thermal testing; proficiency test; round-robin test; safety testing protocols; HME AB The IDCA Program has been conducting a Proficiency (Round Robin) Test on the application of Small-Scale Safety and Thermal (SSST) testing to Home Made or Improvised Explosives (HMEs). This Proficiency test has been designed to test the accuracy and relevancy of SSST testing among explosives testing laboratories (3 DOE and 2 DoD), where the testing is performed on the same batches of materials (17 HMEs and 2 Standards), prepared the same way. The results so far have indicated that standard testing methods are not adequate for HMEs, as many conflicting and inconclusive results have been documented: Impact sensitivity non-predictively affected by testing conditions; Detection of positive reaction (go/no-go) has too much variability; Thermal testing has sampling issues As the IDCA continues to compare and evaluate results from the Proficiency Test, many issues are beginning to coalesce about the application of traditional SSST Testing methods to HMEs. Many of the issues show that traditional methods used for military explosives MUST be modified before meaningful results can be obtained for HMEs. The IDCA is finding if traditional methods are not revised, testing can give misleading results that could lead to developing handling practices that are not adequate for working safely. C1 [Reyes, Jose A.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Shelley, Timothy J.] Bur Alcoho Tobacco & Firearm, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Sandstrom, Mary M.; Brown, Geoffrey W.] LANL, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Phillips, Jason J.] SNL, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Warner, Kirstin F.; Remmers, Daniel L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, NSWC IHD, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hsu, Peter C.; Reynolds, John G.] LLNL, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Reyes, JA (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1535-4; 978-1-4799-3963-3 PY 2013 BP 784 EP 789 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BA0AD UT WOS:000330768500131 ER PT S AU Kanaev, AV Miller, CW Seanor, CJ Murray-Krezan, J AF Kanaev, Andrey V. Miller, Christopher W. Seanor, Collin J. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy BE Henry, DJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Rajan, SD Walls, TJ Young, DL TI Situational awareness investigation using tracking and enhancement of imagery with highly dynamic lighting conditions SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications X CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Optical Flow; Super-Resolution; image enhancement; computational imaging ID OPTIC FLOW METHODS AB We report on the application of Optical Flow (OF) and state-of-the art multi-frame Super-Resolution (SR) algorithms to imagery that models space objects (SOs). Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to track SOs through sequences consisting of tens of images using different OF algorithms and show dependence of the tracking accuracy on illumination condition changes and on the values of pixel displacements between neighboring images. Additionally, we demonstrate spatial acuity enhancement of the pixel limited resolution of SO motion imagery by applying a novel SR algorithm accounting for OF errors. C1 [Kanaev, Andrey V.; Miller, Christopher W.] US Naval Res Lab, 4550 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20032 USA. [Seanor, Collin J.; Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4550 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20032 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9504-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8713 AR UNSP 87130S DI 10.1117/12.2016393 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BJQ20 UT WOS:000329624400023 ER PT S AU Bembry, W Basgall, LE Fenton, DL AF Bembry, Walter Basgall, Lance E. Fenton, Donald L. GP ASHRAE TI Thermal Energy Storage for Emergency Cooling-Part 1 (RP-1387) SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2013, VOL 119, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP ASHRAE AB A disruption of electrical power causing the lack of cooling to temperature sensitive equipment (for example, internet data centers) can cause failure in a matter of several minutes or less. The availability of appropriately designed and built emergency cooling systems would prevent data loss and failure of the equipment. The objective of this research is to develop useful and practical design methodologies for the design of emergency cooling systems. To accomplish this, ten candidate facility types were examined concerning their cooling load profile and design variables. Three of these - data center, manufacturing clean room, and specialized laboratory -were examined in greater detail in conjunction with five conceptual chilled water emergency cooling designs including chilled water and ice-storage systems. The software Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) was used to develop and examine the transient behavior of all the chilled water and ice systems when applied to the three emergency cooling applications. From these designs and their associated cost analyses, a design methodology consisting of a general approach to cooling system type selection, component sizing, economic analysis, and design criteria was developed. C1 [Bembry, Walter] Ceram Environm, Overland Pk, KS 66013 USA. [Basgall, Lance E.] US Air Force, Vandenberg, CA USA. [Fenton, Donald L.] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bembry, W (reprint author), Ceram Environm, Overland Pk, KS 66013 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 BN 978-1-936504-54-1 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2013 VL 119 BP 63 EP 75 PN 2 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BJM27 UT WOS:000329089700006 ER PT S AU Basgall, LE Bembry, W Fenton, DL AF Basgall, Lance E. Bembry, Walter Fenton, Donald L. GP ASHRAE TI Thermal Energy Storage for Emergency Cooling-Part 2 (RP-1387) SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2013, VOL 119, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP ASHRAE AB A disruption of electrical power causing the lack of cooling to temperature sensitive equipment (for example, internet data centers) can cause failure in a matter of several minutes or less. The availability of appropriately designed and built emergency cooling systems would prevent data loss and failure of the equipment. The objective of this research is to develop useful and practical design methodologies for the design of emergency cooling systems. To accomplish this, ten candidate facility types were examined concerning their cooling load profile and design variables. Three of these - data center, manufacturing clean room, and specialized laboratory -were examined in greater detail in conjunction with five conceptual chilled water emergency cooling designs, including chilled water and ice-storage systems. The software Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) was used to develop and examine the transient behavior of all the chilled water systems when applied to the three emergency cooling applications. From these designs and their associated cost analyses, a design methodology consisting of a general approach to cooling system type selection, component sizing, economic analysis, and design criteria was developed. C1 [Basgall, Lance E.] US Air Force, Vandenberg AFB, CA USA. [Bembry, Walter] Ceram Environm, Overland Pk, KS USA. [Fenton, Donald L.] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Basgall, LE (reprint author), US Air Force, Vandenberg AFB, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 BN 978-1-936504-54-1 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2013 VL 119 BP 76 EP 88 PN 2 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BJM27 UT WOS:000329089700007 ER PT J AU Emerson, R Lawrence, B Montgomery, A Safriet, S AF Emerson, R. Lawrence, B. Montgomery, A. Safriet, S. BE Bakis, CE TI Improvements to the Processing and Characterization of Needled Composite Laminates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 09-11, 2013 CL Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, State College, PA SP Amer Soc Composites HO Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PRECURSOR; PROPERTY AB In the present investigation novel needle-processed S2-glass laminates are fabricated and several key failure modes are characterized. Double cantilever beam testing shows that mode I fracture toughness improves up to 270% compared to non-needled baseline material. In-plane compressive strength of needled material improves by up to 475%. In plane tensile strength shows mixed results, improving by 6% for moderate volume fractions of through-thickness reinforcement (TTR) and decreasing by 6% at larger volume fractions. Double lap shear tests show that interlaminar shear strength improves as much as 17% for TTR inserted at +/- 45 degrees relative to the laminate plane. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is used to investigate the unique 3D microstructure resulting from the needling process for 90 degrees TTR samples. The micro-CT reconstructions show that the dimensions of the disturbances of the in-plane fabric are significantly smaller than those imparted by the conventional tufting or stitching processes at each penetration site. Micro-CT reveals that some penetration sites are aggregates of closely spaced neighbors, resulting from the lack of precise spatial control with the needling process used in the present research. At these aggregate locations the in-plane disturbances are roughly equal in size to those from tufting/stitching. Modifications to the automated processing equipment are shown and discussed. The modifications allow better spatial control at the penetration sites and the ability to insert TTR at +/- 45 degrees relative to the laminate plane. C1 [Emerson, R.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL WMM A, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Lawrence, B.] Bowhead Sci & Technol, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Montgomery, A.] Sci & Math Acad, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Safriet, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Emerson, R (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL WMM A, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-107-2 PY 2013 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJN63 UT WOS:000329309500065 ER PT J AU Iarve, E Mollenhauer, D Breitzman, T Hoos, K Swindeman, M AF Iarve, E. Mollenhauer, D. Breitzman, T. Hoos, K. Swindeman, M. BE Bakis, CE TI Statistical Aspects of Progressive Fiber Failure Simulation in Composite Laminates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 09-11, 2013 CL Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, State College, PA SP Amer Soc Composites HO Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech ID STRENGTH PREDICTION; DELAMINATION; DAMAGE; WEIBULL AB Statistics of the open hole tensile strength for two quasi-isotropic IM7/5250-4 laminates [45/0/-45/90](s) ("A" laminate) and [0/45/90/-45](s) ("B" laminate) was simulated by using discrete damage modeling (DDM) methodology and compared to experimental data. Regularized Extended Finite Element Method (Rx-FEM) was used for matrix cracking simulation along with cohesive zone models for delamination simulation. Critical failure volume (CFV) method [1,2] was used for fiber failure simulation. Baseline strength prediction with uniform stiffness and strength ply properties was performed and showed good agreement with experimental data both in terms of ultimate strength values as well as damage patterns compared to X-ray images. Statistical variation of ply properties was then introduced by randomly varying spatial distribution of matrix tensile and shear strength in each ply thus affecting the matrix crack locations and in-particular the locations of the splits in the 00 plies. The average values of predicted variation of the open hole tensile strength was in agreement with the average values measured experimentally for laminate "B" and higher than experimental for laminate "A" by 9%. Studies of the effects of additional parameters on the scatter of strength observed in the simulations are underway. C1 [Iarve, E.; Hoos, K.; Swindeman, M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mollenhauer, D.; Breitzman, T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, E (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton OH AF [FA8650-10-D-5011]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Composites Branch FX The work was performed under the University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton OH AF Contract FA8650-10-D-5011 with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Composites Branch. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-107-2 PY 2013 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJN63 UT WOS:000329309500050 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Wheeler, R Tandon, GP Schoeppner, GA AF Lu, Y. C. Wheeler, R. Tandon, G. P. Schoeppner, G. A. BE Bakis, CE TI In-Situ Micro-Compression Testing for Characterizing Failure of Unidirectional Fiber Composites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 09-11, 2013 CL Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, State College, PA SP Amer Soc Composites HO Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech ID PLASTICITY AB A novel in-situ compression test has been developed to characterize the failure behavior of a fiber reinforced composite at the micro-scale. The material used was carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide matrix unidirectional composite with a fiber volume fraction of 60%. Micron-size specimens were prepared from the bulk composite through a two-step micro-fabrication process. First, a pre-patterned stencil mask was placed on the surface of the composite and co-sputtered using a broad ion beam milling system which produced an array of small pillars. Secondly, these pillars were transferred into a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and serially milled using the focused ion beam (FIB) into various micron-size specimens. In-situ compression tests were conducted using a custom micromechanical testing device placed inside the SEM chamber. The micron-size specimens were compressed by a conical indenter with a flat end surface. During compression, high resolution SEM images were acquired continuously between displacement intervals to analyze the deformation phenomena. The images were further analyzed in conjunction with digital image correlation (DIC) technique to compute quantitative strain values. Results show that, under compression, high shear strains developed in polymer matrix between the fibers. The high shear strains caused micro-cracking of the matrix. Once the matrix failed, the fibers were seen to bend in shear mode, which ultimately led to the failure of the composite. C1 [Lu, Y. C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Wheeler, R.] Micro Testing Solut LLC, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Schoeppner, G. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-107-2 PY 2013 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJN63 UT WOS:000329309500066 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, D Breitzman, T Iarve, E Hoos, K Swindeman, M Zhou, E AF Mollenhauer, D. Breitzman, T. Iarve, E. Hoos, K. Swindeman, M. Zhou, E. BE Bakis, CE TI Micro-Level Simulation of Mode I Fracture in Polymer Matrix Composites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 09-11, 2013 CL Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, State College, PA SP Amer Soc Composites HO Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech ID REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENTS; DAMAGE; MICROSTRUCTURES; DELAMINATION; CRACKING AB Recently, simulation of damage evolution in laminated composites has been approached by representing matrix damage in a discrete manner. That is, matrix cracks are modeled explicitly in a mesh-independent manner and are allowed to interact with each other and with delaminations between plies. Typically, the crack and delamination growth in these models is governed by a mixed-mode cohesive traction-separation relationship, populated by empirically obtained mode I and mode II fracture toughness and transverse tension, compression, and shear strengths. Empirical testing to obtain these parameters can be expensive and restricts the ability to evaluate many combinations of resin and fiber in the design process. A multi-scale simulation approach to offset some empirical testing is desired. The primary approach for multi-scale failure prediction in composite materials is the continuum damage mechanics method (CDM) where the effect of damage at each length scale is manifest by local stiffness degradation at a coarser length scale. CDM is an attractive technique due to its intuitiveness and the ease of implementation. One drawback of this method is its inability to accurately describe the local effects of interaction of various damage modes and local effects of stress redistribution in the damaged area. Alternatively, multi-scale composite damage simulation may be approached by explicitly modeling matrix damage at the microscale and extracting lamina-level fracture properties for use in discrete damage simulations at the lamina/laminate-levels. The aim of this research is to use a computational framework at the micro-scale using discrete, arbitrary cracks in resin zones between fibers and cohesive zone disbonding between fibers and resin. The short-term goal of the present research is to evaluate the simulation of mode I damage evolution using discrete crack representations and/or CDM damage representations. In the longer-term, the approach(es) deemed best will be applied to mode II/III loading cases as well as the mode I. C1 [Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Breitzman, T.; Iarve, E.; Hoos, K.; Swindeman, M.; Zhou, E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mollenhauer, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFOSR FX This work was funded by an AFOSR grant, program manager Dr. David Stargel NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-107-2 PY 2013 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJN63 UT WOS:000329309500014 ER PT J AU Ranatunga, V Clay, S AF Ranatunga, V. Clay, S. BE Bakis, CE TI Estimation of the Remaining Strength of a Z-Pinned Composite Laminate with a Fully-Developed Crack through the Z-Pin Field SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 09-11, 2013 CL Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, State College, PA SP Amer Soc Composites HO Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech ID II DELAMINATION TOUGHNESS; MODE; TESTS AB Z-pins are small diameter carbon rods inserted through the thickness of composites to improve the out-of-plane properties of laminates and joints. Z-pinning technology has successfully transitioned to a few applications through extensive experimental certification programs. In order to gain a better understanding of the load-carrying capacity of a damaged composite with z-pinning, a delamination crack was grown through the entire z-pin field using the three-point bend setup, forcing the initially bonded sub-laminates held only by the z-pins. Experimental investigations revealed that the fracture toughness under Mode-II loading has been increased by 45% with the introduction of z-pins. Additionally, even with a complete delamination, the load-carrying capacity under Mode-I loading was not affected due to the presence of z-pins. C1 [Ranatunga, V.] Miami Univ, 4200 E Univ Blvd, Middletown, OH 45042 USA. [Clay, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ranatunga, V (reprint author), Miami Univ, 4200 E Univ Blvd, Middletown, OH 45042 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-107-2 PY 2013 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJN63 UT WOS:000329309500021 ER PT J AU Schutte, JF Meeker, JC Adams, DO Bullegas, G Clay, SB AF Schutte, J. F. Meeker, J. C. Adams, D. O. Bullegas, G. Clay, S. B. BE Bakis, CE TI Numerical Correlation and Strength Prediction of a Hat Stiffened Panel Compression Test SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 09-11, 2013 CL Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, State College, PA SP Amer Soc Composites HO Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech AB Aerospace industry primes have indicated that improvements to current methods for characterizing damage tolerance of full-scale composite structures are needed. To address this need, a methodology is being developed that utilizes experimental results correlated with analysis models to enable a reduction in time and funding resources required to demonstrate that damage tolerance requirements of a composite structure have been met. The subject of the work outlined in this document was a scale-up effort, extending the scope of traditional coupon level experimental and analysis approaches to include larger representative structural elements. This effort is intended to lay the foundation for designing a modified damage tolerance test procedure that more closely replicates loads and failure modes observed in composite airframe and nacelle structures. Once validated, this combined experimental/analysis approach should significantly reduce the number of tests required for airframe designers to demonstrate damage tolerance of composite structures. This paper outlines part of the validation effort undertaken to correlate a finite element (FE) nonlinear buckling analyses (in ABAQUS) incorporating a user defined nonlinear material subroutine (UMAT). This numerical modeling framework was applied to capture the post-buckling response and final collapse of a hat stiffened panel with machined damage subjected to an in-plane compression load. C1 [Schutte, J. F.; Meeker, J. C.] Mat Sci Corp, Horsham, PA 19044 USA. [Adams, D. O.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bullegas, G.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Clay, S. B.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schutte, JF (reprint author), Mat Sci Corp, Horsham, PA 19044 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-107-2 PY 2013 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJN63 UT WOS:000329309500105 ER PT J AU Derriso, MM Desimio, MP Mccurry, CD Kabban, CMS Olson, SE AF Derriso, M. M. Desimio, M. P. Mccurry, C. D. Kabban, C. M. S. Olson, S. E. BE Chang, FK TI Industrial Age NDE to Information Age SHM SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2013, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 10-12, 2013 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer HO Stanford Univ AB The United States Air Force (USAF) is transforming its maintenance practices from the Industrial Age to the Information Age by exploiting opportunities and benefits offered by Information Age technology and techniques. The USAF currently manages its aircraft using a schedule-based maintenance philosophy. This schedule-based approach works well for ensuring aircraft integrity; however, it is very costly, labor-intensive, and reduces aircraft availability. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have the potential to analyze near-real-time and historical weapon systems data to provide a predictive maintenance capability. However, most research in SHM is focused on in-situ structural inspection techniques instead of structural monitoring. Structural inspections typically entail examining key locations of the airframe for material degradation or flaws. These examinations usually occur at predefined intervals between extended periods of time with each inspection considered an independent evaluation. Conversely, structural monitoring involves continuous condition surveillance of an airframe over an extended period of time. It uses past conditions and expected future conditions for producing a comprehensive understanding of the current health state. In this paper, the full potential impact SHM could have on airframe management is examined. As demonstrated in a laboratory experiment, SHM has the potential to improve effectiveness and efficiency metrics compared to the current USAF maintenance procedures. C1 [Derriso, M. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Derriso, MM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-115-7 PY 2013 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJN59 UT WOS:000329292700002 ER PT J AU Kabban, CMS King, AS Derriso, MM AF Kabban, C. M. Schubert King, A. S. Derriso, M. M. BE Chang, FK TI A Notional Framework and Model to Improve Monitoring of Structural Health Systems SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2013, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 10-12, 2013 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer HO Stanford Univ AB Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have rapidly advanced, embracing both technological advances and real-time, in situ monitoring. Such advances are paramount to maintaining structural integrity. Capitalizing on continual data collection, however, SHM systems can reach beyond detection of structural damage to include the development and prediction of time to critical failure. Due to this increased capability, it is inherent that SHM systems capture information differently than current inspection methods. We advocate the increased capability of the SHM system as a difference between assessing a structure and monitoring a structure. This work introduces a framework with which the data captured in the monitoring of structural health is leveraged in order to improve not only the prediction of the state of the structure (presence of damage and extent of damage), but also the estimated time to failure. A statistical model is presented to represent the generalized framework. This model estimates the time to critical crack length in a hierarchal model such that the time until critical crack length occurs is modeled as a function of current crack status, that is, crack length and location. Crack length and location are themselves a joint response modeled from available sensor output and potentially other various environmental or sensor-related measurements. The necessary joint modeling of length (horizontal and vertical) and location allows us to incorporate the inherent correlation between these as part of the estimation process. These estimates are then used to predict the time until failure (critical crack length is achieved). By modeling in this hierarchal fashion, the current and past state of the structure, as well as changes in the structure during the course of monitoring, may be used to more precisely estimate the remaining life, that is, the time until structural failure may occur. Simulated and preliminary data from current specimens will be used to demonstrate these methods. C1 [Kabban, C. M. Schubert; King, A. S.] US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kabban, CMS (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-115-7 PY 2013 BP 1337 EP 1344 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJN59 UT WOS:000329292700163 ER PT B AU Naik, RR Jones, EW AF Naik, Rajesh R. Jones, Elizabeth W. BE Rawlings, ND Salvesen, GS TI Cerevisin SO HANDBOOK OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEINASE-DEFICIENT MUTANTS; PROTEASE MAJOR ALLERGEN; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CHITIN SYNTHETASE; ACTIVATING FACTOR; STRUCTURAL GENE; B PRECURSOR; PURIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jones, Elizabeth W.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mellon Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ej09@andrew.cmu.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-382220-8; 978-0-12-382219-2 PY 2013 BP 3233 EP 3236 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-382219-2.00712-2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BJJ95 UT WOS:000328545105017 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ Nair, N Aceves, AB Zunoubi, MR AF Bochove, Erik J. Nair, Niketh Aceves, Alejandro B. Zunoubi, Mohammad R. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI New Tools for the Dynamical Description of Laser Arrays and Other Complex Systems SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Laser Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY SEP 22-25, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Spica Technologies Inc DE Phased Laser Arrays; Laser Beam Quality; Neural Nets; Dynamical Systems ID COHERENCE AB We propose a systematic approach that may apply to many complex interactive networks, such as biological or electronic neural assemblies, which was partly inspired by mathematical features of phased laser arrays. Using an appropriate quasi-logarithmic transformation, a Fox-Li integral equation of linearly coupled phased laser arrays is mapped to a semi-equivalent coupled oscillator description, of which the interaction term is decomposed into orthogonal projections. Based on traditional ideas of symmetry, orthogonality, completeness, and the physical concept of criticality, techniques are proposed for the description of the dynamics and organization of massively nonlinearly interconnected networks, which may serve as memories, or perform computational operations in biological neuron assemblies, or models of evolution, pathology, ecological and social networks, individual and collective behavior, etc. C1 [Bochove, Erik J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Nair, Niketh] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nair, Niketh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Aceves, Alejandro B.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Zunoubi, Mohammad R.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU AFOSR FX This project was funded by the AFOSR (program of A. Nachman). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9753-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8885 AR UNSP 88851H DI 10.1117/12.2031604 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BJM57 UT WOS:000329160900029 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ Zunoubi, MR Corcoran, CJ AF Bochove, Erik J. Zunoubi, Mohammad R. Corcoran, Christopher J. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Theory of Phase-Locking of Multi-Stable Fiber Amplifier Arrays SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Laser Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY SEP 22-25, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Spica Technologies Inc DE fiber lasers and amplifiers; beam combining ID LASER ARRAYS; HIGH-POWER AB We solve the time-independent (o.d.e.) propagation equations for the c.w. operation of an array of externally coupled fiber amplifiers with internal reflection, in which Kerr and resonant nonlinearities play a part. A transcendental equation for each amplifier is obtained, collectively yielding multiple distinct array solutions, which are characterized in terms of their mutual phase coherence. We find that the two types of nonlinearity (Kerr and resonant) affect the solutions in distinct parameter regimes. The relation of Strehl ratio to output power at fixed wavelength and feedback level reveals that phase-locking may occur due to nonlinearity as opposed to mode selection, in accordance with recent experiments (H-S Chiang, J.R. Leger, J. Nilsson and J. Sahu, Optics Letters (2013)). The individual lasing instability ("rogue" lasing) anticipated by A. E. Siegman in 2004 we observed only at low feedback levels in a small number of cases. C1 [Bochove, Erik J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Zunoubi, Mohammad R.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Corcoran, Christopher J.] Corcoran Engn Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. FU JTO; AFOSR FX The authors appreciate financial support from the JTO and the AFOSR (A. Nachman). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9753-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8885 AR UNSP 888515 DI 10.1117/12.2031605 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BJM57 UT WOS:000329160900022 ER PT J AU Derriso, MM Little, JE Vehorn, KA Davies, MJ Desimio, MP AF Derriso, M. M. Little, J. E., II Vehorn, K. A. Davies, M. J. Desimio, M. P. BE Chang, FK TI Crack Detection Using Combinations of Acoustic Emission and Guided Wave Signals from Bonded Piezoelectric Transducers SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2011: CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE AND INTELLIGENT STRUCTURES, VOL 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 13-15, 2011 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB Piezoelectric transducers are broadband devices and can operate over a large frequency range. In structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, piezoelectric transducers are commonly operated at ultrasonic frequencies to excite and sense guided waves, detect acoustic emission (AE) events, and record electro-mechanical impedance (EMI). The transducers can also measure lower frequency information, such as strains resulting from operational loads or vibrations due to environmental factors. This paper presents a crack detection experiment using piezoelectric transducers to provide signals measuring guided waves, AE events, EMI, and strain. The experimental test articles are aluminum dogbone coupons. Each coupon has a small hole drilled in the gage section to serve as a crack initiation point. Each coupon is instrumented with two transducers, both on the same face of the coupon and on either side of the gage section. Each coupon undergoes cyclic tensile loading to initiate and grow fatigue cracks. At various intervals, the fatigue cycling is paused and the coupon is visually inspected for crack initiation and growth. While the cycling is paused, guided waves are generated and sensed by the pair of transducers; each being used in turn as a transmitter or receiver. In addition, EMI measurements at each transducer are made with the cycling paused. Ideally, AE and strain measurements would be made continuously during the cycling. However, for these studies the available hardware did not allow continuous collection of data. As a result, the AE and strain measurements also are taken over limited time segments while the primary fatigue cycling is paused. Collection of data for the various sensing modes continues as the crack grows to the point of coupon fracture. Baseline crack detection performance is established using statistical pattern recognition methods applied to the guided wave data. Additional crack detection algorithms are designed and evaluated to demonstrate the potential benefits of using decision fusion methods applied to combinations of guided wave and AE data. Artificial AE data has been utilized since the current testing hardware did not allow for the collection of useful AE data. Future studies will address the collection of AE data and consider data fusion incorporating EMI and/or strain data. C1 [Derriso, M. M.; Little, J. E., II; Vehorn, K. A.] Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Derriso, MM (reprint author), Air Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-053-2 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2013 BP 1986 EP 1993 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BJH31 UT WOS:000328194500078 ER PT J AU Lindgren, EA Buynak, CF AF Lindgren, E. A. Buynak, C. F. BE Chang, FK TI The Need and Requirements for Validating Damage Detection Capability SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2011: CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE AND INTELLIGENT STRUCTURES, VOL 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 13-15, 2011 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB Structural Health Monitoring (SHIM) has been proposed to benefit the maintenance cost and reliability of aircraft structures through the early detection of damage during service and in support of condition-based maintenance. At the same time, if the integrity of an aircraft component is dependent upon the performance of an SHIM system to detect damage, which has recently been referred to as an in-situ NDE system by two airframe OEMs [1,2], the reliability of the validated capability of the SHM system must also be ensured over the service life of the aircraft. To enable the calculation of risk, which is the metric used by the US Air Force (USAF) to manage the integrity of structures, the capability of any inspection process must be assessed and integrated into the risk calculation. Thus, a qualification plan is required for both the validated capability, i.e. POD and false-positive rate, and the durability of the sensing technique. These requirements were established by the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP) Senior Leader for the USAF, Mr. Charles Babish [3]. Empirical assessment of the performance of an SHM system in such an environment is not a trivial manner and could readily be cost prohibitive. A protocol has been developed at the request of the AFRL Team Leader for Integrated System Health Assessment initiative that leverages current research and development efforts to minimize the amount of empirical data required for assessing the Probability of Detection (POD) of a damage detection system [4]. The on-going effort uses models and transfer functions to minimize the need for empirical data and is called Model-assisted Probability of Detection, or MAPOD [5,6]. The details defining these requirements and structure for the protocol to satisfy these requirements are presented. C1 [Lindgren, E. A.; Buynak, C. F.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindgren, EA (reprint author), US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-053-2 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2013 BP 2444 EP 2451 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BJH31 UT WOS:000328194500133 ER PT J AU Medina, EA Aldrin, JC Santiago, J Lindgren, EA Buynak, CF Knopp, JS AF Medina, E. A. Aldrin, J. C. Santiago, J. Lindgren, E. A. Buynak, C. F. Knopp, J. S. BE Chang, FK TI Demonstration of Model Assisted Reliability Assessment Protocol on a Proposed Low Frequency Vibration Based Damage Sensing Case SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2011: CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE AND INTELLIGENT STRUCTURES, VOL 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 13-15, 2011 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB This paper describes the progress on demonstrating a methodology for reliability assessment for structural damage sensing (SDS) systems. In particular, it presents the initial results obtained from the application of a protocol designed for utilizing empirical data, models, simulations, and uncertainty analyses for statistically characterizing SDS reliability for a damage detection case. The manufactured test article representing an aircraft structure of medium complexity consists of three plates connected by two lap joints with fasteners. Fatigue crack damage around the fastener holes was simulated by manually created thin cuts at selected locations. The test fixture design provides the capability to vary critical parameters of the system with a focus on force loading boundary conditions, joint fastener torque conditions, and temperature. The initial demonstration on this test article and fixture uses a low frequency vibration based damage detection method. Frequency domain metrics were utilized for studying changes in structural dynamics due to mechanical loading, thermal loading, and actual damage. For the demonstration, key factors that affect the capability to sense the effects of damage were assessed through controlled studies of (a) loading and unloading, (b) fastener torque, (c) boundary condition variation, (d) temperature variation and temperature gradients, (e) sensor bond quality and operation performance, (f) ambient noise, and (g) sensitivity to flaw growth. The design of the full validation study and the current results of the implementation are presented, highlighting general protocol feasibility while identifying remaining challenges for full demonstration and broad use of the methodology and protocol. C1 [Medina, E. A.; Lindgren, E. A.; Buynak, C. F.; Knopp, J. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Medina, EA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-053-2 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2013 BP 2460 EP 2467 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BJH31 UT WOS:000328194500135 ER PT J AU Huscroft, JR Hazen, BT Hall, DJ Skipper, JB Hanna, JB AF Huscroft, Joseph R. Hazen, Benjamin T. Hall, Dianne J. Skipper, Joseph B. Hanna, Joe B. TI Reverse logistics: past research, current management issues, and future directions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Content analysis; Reverse logistics; Delphi method ID SUPPLY CHAIN; DELPHI TECHNIQUE; PRODUCT RETURNS; INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; INVENTORY CONTROL; DESIGN; FRAMEWORK; PERFORMANCE; OPERATIONS AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the key issues faced by today's supply chain professionals when managing reverse logistics (RL) processes and compare these issues with the topics examined in extant research. By making such a comparison, the paper identifies areas of practical relevance that are being adequately addressed in the literature, as well as areas that may need further attention. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employed a Delphi method in order to uncover the most salient RL issues faced in industry, as viewed by practitioners. The paper then completed a systematic analysis of the RL literature in order to examine the degree to which topics addressed in the extant literature correspond with the framework proposed by Carter and Ellram (1998). Finally, the paper compared and contrasted the findings of the content analysis and Delphi study, which highlights areas for future investigation that may help to better align research with practice. Findings - In the Delphi study, the paper uncovered and ranked seven key issues for RL managers. These are: customer support, top-management support, communication, costs, formalization, timing of operations, and environmental issues. When compared to Carter and Ellram's (1998) framework, three of the seven factors coincide with factors described in the framework and two factors indirectly relate to the framework. The two factors not specifically represented are costs and formalization. Practical implications - The findings provide practitioners with an understanding of what factors are most important to consider when managing RL programs. The discussion of the comparison between the Delphi results and extant literature provides guidance as to how to address the RL issues uncovered in this study. Originality/value - This research effort suggests directions for future research that will better align academic topics with current managerial issues. Although the paper offers many suggestions for future i-esearch, the paper proposes that investigating ways to increase formalization of RL programs and establish RL as a profit center within organizations may be the areas in greatest need for additional scholarly research. C1 [Huscroft, Joseph R.] Operat Sci Air Force Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Hazen, Benjamin T.] US Air Force, Goldsboro, NC USA. [Hall, Dianne J.] Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Skipper, Joseph B.] US Air Force Langley AFB, Hampton, VA USA. [Hanna, Joe B.] Auburn Univ, Aviat & Supply Chain Management Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hanna, JB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Aviat & Supply Chain Management Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM hannajb@auburn.edu OI Huscroft, Joseph/0000-0001-9585-011X NR 101 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 31 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4093 EI 1758-6550 J9 INT J LOGIST MANAG JI Int. J. Logist. Manag. PY 2013 VL 24 IS 3 BP 304 EP 327 DI 10.1108/IJLM-04-2012-0024 PG 24 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 273FF UT WOS:000328519900001 ER PT S AU Joyce, DM Venkat, N Ouchen, F Singh, KM Smith, SR Grote, JG AF Joyce, Donna M. Venkat, Narayanan Ouchen, Fahima Singh, Kristi M. Smith, Steven R. Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI DNA hybrid dielectric film devices for energy storage and bioelectronics applications SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VI CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA; biopolymer; bio-dielectrics; dielectric constant; sol-gel; DNA-CTMA ID COMPOSITE AB DNA biopolymer hybrids have been investigated for energy storage applications and also as potential high k gate dielectrics in bioelectronics applications such as BioFETs. DNA-based hybrid films incorporating sol-gel-derived ceramics have shown strong promise as insulating dielectrics for high voltage capacitor applications. Our studies of DNA-CTMA complex/sol-gel hybrid thin film devices have demonstrated reproducibility and stability in temperature-and frequency-dependent dielectric properties as well as reliability in DC voltage breakdown measurements, attaining values consistently in the 300 - 350 V/um range. We have also investigated DNA-inorganic hybrids by ex situ blending of aqueous solutions of DNA with high k ceramics such as BaTiO3 and TiO2. These systems are currently being investigated as potential gate dielectrics for BioFETs by virtue of their relatively high dielectric constant, high DC electrical resistivity, and lower leakage currents than pristine DNA. Functionally layered devices have also been designed, fabricated and characterized to determine any added benefit in dielectric applications. The electrical/dielectric characteristics of DNA and DNA-CTMA with sol-gel-derived ceramics, high k ceramic fillers, and in layered devices were examined to determine their effect on vital dielectric parameters for energy storage and bioelectronics applications. C1 [Joyce, Donna M.; Venkat, Narayanan; Ouchen, Fahima; Singh, Kristi M.; Smith, Steven R.; Grote, James G.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Joyce, DM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9667-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8817 AR UNSP 881708 DI 10.1117/12.2027714 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BJI62 UT WOS:000328343900005 ER PT S AU Williams, A Campbell, A Ouchen, F Lu, WJ Grant, J Grote, J AF Williams, Adrienne Campbell, Angela Ouchen, Fahima Lu, Weijie Grant, John Grote, James BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Investigation of maple-deposited DNA films for graphene-based device applications SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VI CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB In this study, we investigate a new technique to fabricate DNA-CTMA films with tunable properties. MAPLE is, for the first time, explored to deposit DNA-CTMA dielectric films on top of epitaxially grown graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is commonly used as a gate insulator in graphene based field effect transistors (GFETs) in a top gate configuration. The high temperature deposition of SiO2 on graphene is known to cause damage to the surface of the graphene leading to poor device operation. We propose an alternative gate insulator based on a bio-organic (DNA-CTMA) material processed and deposited at room temperature (RT) using MAPLE. Hall measurements run before and after DNA-CTMA deposition showed no change in the type of conductivity as well as charge carrier mobility. C1 [Williams, Adrienne; Campbell, Angela; Ouchen, Fahima; Lu, Weijie; Grant, John; Grote, James] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9667-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8817 AR UNSP 88170L DI 10.1117/12.2027218 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BJI62 UT WOS:000328343900013 ER PT S AU Mattioli, V Marzano, FS Pierdicca, N Basili, P Brost, G Ciotti, P AF Mattioli, V. Marzano, F. S. Pierdicca, N. Basili, P. Brost, G. Ciotti, P. GP IEEE TI Modeling Radio Propagation Effects At V- and W-Band Using Physical-Statistical Approaches and Ground-Based Data SO 2013 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 08-12, 2013 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN DE radio propagation; attenuation; cloud; rain; W-band ID MILLIMETER-WAVE FREQUENCIES; ANTENNA NOISE TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR PROFILES; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RAIN CLOUDS; ATTENUATION; LINE AB Radiosoundings data and numerical outputs from a cloud-resolving model in conjunction with a Monte Carlo statistical scheme and a radiative transfer algorithm (SNEM) are used to characterize propagation parameters at V-and W-band in Rome, NY, for any meteorological scenario including clear-air, cloudy coverage, stratiform rain and convective precipitation. The goal aimed at exploiting these databases for the design of simpler estimators of propagation parameters, as well as assessing current ITU models up to W-band in comparison with calculations from physical models. C1 [Mattioli, V.; Marzano, F. S.; Pierdicca, N.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Informat Eng, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Basili, P.] Univ Perugia, Elect & Informat Engn Dept, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. [Brost, G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Ciotti, P.] Univ LAquila, Elect & Informat Engn Dept, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RP Mattioli, V (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Informat Eng, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-3-2; 978-1-4673-2187-7 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2013 BP 2287 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIA05 UT WOS:000327126002022 ER PT S AU Liebig, CM Basun, S Buller, SS Evans, DR Banerjee, PP Blanche, PA Christensen, CW Peyghambarian, N Thomas, J AF Liebig, C. M. Basun, S. Buller, S. S. Evans, D. R. Banerjee, P. P. Blanche, P. A. Christensen, C. W. Peyghambarian, N. Thomas, J. BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Enhanced gain dynamics in photorefractive polymers SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII CY AUG 25-26, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photorefractives; Polymers; Two-beam coupling AB The complexity of photorefractive polymers arises from multiple contributions to the photo-induced index grating. Analysis of the time dynamics of the two-beam coupling signal is used to extract information about the charge species responsible for the grating formation. It has been shown in a commonly used photorefractive polymer at moderate applied electric fields, the primary charge carriers (holes) establish an initial grating which, however, are followed by a subsequent competing grating (electrons) that decreases the two-beam coupling efficiency. We show by upon using higher applied bias fields, gain enhancement can be achieved by eliminating the electron grating contribution and returning to hole gratings only. C1 [Liebig, C. M.; Basun, S.; Buller, S. S.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liebig, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9697-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8847 AR 88470A DI 10.1117/12.2023404 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BHV63 UT WOS:000326750500008 ER PT S AU Cao, YC Ren, W Casbeer, DW Schumacher, C AF Cao, Yongcan Ren, Wei Casbeer, David W. Schumacher, Corey GP IEEE TI Finite-time Consensus of Networked Lipschitz Nonlinear Agents Under Communication Constraints SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley DE Consensus; Cooperative Control; Finite-time Convergence; Lipschitz Nonlinear Dynamics; Limited Sensing Range; Nonsmooth Analysis ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; COOPERATIVE CONTROL; CONNECTEDNESS; MANIPULATORS; COORDINATION; ALGORITHMS AB In this paper, we study the finite-time consensus problem for a team of networked Lipschitz nonlinear agents under communication constraints, where each agent has a limited sensing range. Because the induced interaction graph is typically state-dependent and dynamic, we propose a distributed nonlinear control algorithm that is capable of preserving the initial interaction patterns. By using tools from nonsmooth analysis, we present conditions on the initial interaction graph and the control gain such that finite-time consensus can be reached. More specifically, an upper bound of the convergence time is derived via a two-step analysis. C1 [Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David W.; Schumacher, Corey] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 1326 EP 1331 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210201082 ER PT S AU Welker, TC Huffman, RE Pachter, M AF Welker, Troy C. Huffman, Richard E., Jr. Pachter, Meir GP IEEE TI Modeling Earth's Gravitational Gradients for GPS-Free Navigation SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp, CRC Press, Wiley DE INS; gravity gradiometry; accelerometer; cold atom interferometry AB A method is developed to estimate an aircraft's navigation state using gravitational gradients calculated from a spherical harmonic model of the Earth, in concert with terrain elevation data, without using surveyed gravity information. C1 [Welker, Troy C.] USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Welker, TC (reprint author), USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 1602 EP 1607 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210201126 ER PT S AU Pham, KD Xu, YJ AF Pham, Khanh D. Xu, Yunjun GP IEEE TI Understanding Disturbance Attenuation Problems with Unknown Input Time-Delays: A Game-Theoretic Approach with Performance Risk Aversion SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley AB The main contribution is the application of a zero-sum game-theoretic framework and performance-measure statistics that can help robust control design to obtain a certain level of performance robustness in presence of adversarial process and measurement disturbances starting from the assumptions of linear stochastic dynamics, unknown input time-delays, a finite-horizon integral-quadratic cost and noisy output observations. A disturbance attenuation problem is based on a saddle-point equilibrium associated with the controller with performance risk aversion in competing with persistent process and measurement disturbances. The resulting saddle-point strategies are in turn supported by: i) a Kalman-like estimator for both unknown time-delays and noisy states and ii) a custom dynamical set of mathematical statistics associated with the underlying random cost of the chi-squared type. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 5092 EP 5097 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210205048 ER PT S AU Cao, YC Casbeer, DW Schumacher, C AF Cao, Yongcan Casbeer, David W. Schumacher, Corey GP IEEE TI Reaching Consensus in the Sense of Probability SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley ID MOBILE AUTONOMOUS AGENTS; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; RANDOM NETWORKS; AGREEMENT; SEEKING; GRAPHS AB This paper studies consensus for a team of networked agents with stochastic interactions. Specifically, consensus in the sense of probability is investigated for both fixed and switching interaction graphs that are chosen randomly from some given set. In the static case, a lower bound for the probability of consensus is calculated when each interaction graph is equally likely to be selected among set containing all possible undirected graphs. It is then shown that the (exact) probability of consensus for n agents is strictly increasing with respect to n, whenever n >= 3. For the case of a randomly switching directed interaction graph, the probability of consensus is equal to the probability of an event that is critical for reaching consensus under a deterministic setting. In addition, the equivalence of consensus 1) with probability 1, 2) in probability, and 3) in the r-th mean is demonstrated without requiring an i.i.d. process and linear system dynamics. C1 [Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David W.; Schumacher, Corey] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 5415 EP 5420 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210205103 ER PT S AU Baldwin, M Kolmanovsky, I AF Baldwin, Morgan Kolmanovsky, Ilya GP IEEE TI Hypersonic Glider Guidance Using Model Predictive Control SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley ID VEHICLE AB A Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach to hypersonic glider flight management is proposed. Given the capability of MPC to handle constraints, it is promising for application to a hypersonic glider with path constraints. With this approach, the glider navigates through defined way points while avoiding exclusion zones. The minimum-time formulation of MPC is employed. The glider's capability to perform the maneuvers is demonstrated using simulations. C1 [Baldwin, Morgan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. RP Baldwin, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; ilya@umich.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 5550 EP 5555 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210205125 ER PT S AU Baldwin, M Kolmanovsky, I AF Baldwin, Morgan Kolmanovsky, Ilya GP IEEE TI Constrained Inner-Loop Control of a Hypersonic Glider Using Extended Command Governor SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley AB The paper considers inner-loop control of a hypersonic glider. To maintain vehicle flight, pointwise-in-time constraints on vehicle state and control variables need to be enforced. To enforce constraints, an Extended Command Governor (ECG) is augmented to the nominal LQ-PI controller. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the ECG to enforce the constraints while minimizing the degradation in the vehicle responsiveness. C1 [Baldwin, Morgan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. RP Baldwin, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; ilya@umich.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 5556 EP 5561 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210205126 ER PT B AU Franzi, M Gilgenbach, R Hoff, B Lau, YY Simon, D French, D Jordan, NM Luginsland, JW AF Franzi, Matthew Gilgenbach, Ronald Hoff, Brad Lau, Y. Y. Simon, David French, David Jordan, N. M. Luginsland, John W. GP IEEE TI y Microwave Oscillations in the Recirculating Planar Magnetron SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE High power Microwaves (HPM); magnetron; electron beams; coherent radiation AB The Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) is a crossed-field device which presents numerous potential advantages in generating High Power Microwaves (HPM). A 12-cavity, conventional-polarity, 1-GHz RPM model has been experimentally designed and tested at a -300 kV, 0.3-0.5 microsecond pulselengths and a 0.2 T axial magnetic field. The experimental results and future concepts are under investigation. C1 [Franzi, Matthew; Gilgenbach, Ronald; Lau, Y. Y.; Simon, David; Jordan, N. M.] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad; Simon, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Luginsland, John W.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Franzi, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700224 ER PT B AU Baker, NA Barr, JL Bonheyo, GT Joslyn, CA Krishnaswami, K Oxley, ME Quadrel, R Sego, LH Tardiff, MF Wynne, AS AF Baker, Nathan A. Barr, Jonathan L. Bonheyo, George T. Joslyn, Cliff A. Krishnaswami, Kannan Oxley, Mark E. Quadrel, Rich Sego, Landon H. Tardiff, Mark F. Wynne, Adam S. BE Glass, K Colbaugh, R Sanfillippo, A Kao, A Gabbay, M Corley, C Li, J Khan, L Wynne, A Coote, L Mao, W Zeng, D Yaghoobi, A TI Research towards a systematic signature discovery process SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS: BIG DATA, EMERGENT THREATS, AND DECISION-MAKING IN SECURITY INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (IEEE ISI) CY JUN 04-07, 2013 CL Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Intelligent Transportat Syst Soc, Intelligence Adv Res Projects Act HO Pacific NW Natl Lab ID IDEA; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; CREATIVITY; GENERATION; ALIGNMENT; QUALITY; CANCER AB In its most general form, a signature is a unique or distinguishing measurement, pattern, or collection of data that identifies a phenomenon (object, action, or behavior) of interest. The discovery of signatures is an important aspect of a wide range of disciplines from basic science to national security for the rapid and efficient detection and/or prediction of phenomena. Current practice in signature discovery is typically accomplished by asking domain experts to characterize and/or model individual phenomena to identify what might compose a useful signature. What is lacking is an approach that can be applied across a broad spectrum of domains and information sources to efficiently and robustly construct candidate signatures, validate their reliability, measure their quality, and overcome the challenge of detection - all in the face of dynamic conditions, measurement obfuscation, and noisy data environments. Our research has focused on the identification of common elements of signature discovery across application domains and the synthesis of those elements into a systematic process for more robust and efficient signature development. In this way, a systematic signature discovery process lays the groundwork for leveraging knowledge obtained from signatures to a particular domain or problem area, and, more generally, to problems outside that domain. This paper presents the initial results of this research by discussing a mathematical framework for representing signatures and placing that framework in the context of a systematic signature discovery process. Additionally, the basic steps of this process are described with details about the methods available to support the different stages of signature discovery, development, and deployment. C1 [Baker, Nathan A.; Barr, Jonathan L.; Joslyn, Cliff A.; Krishnaswami, Kannan; Quadrel, Rich; Sego, Landon H.; Tardiff, Mark F.; Wynne, Adam S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Baker, Nathan A.; Barr, Jonathan L.; Joslyn, Cliff A.; Krishnaswami, Kannan; Quadrel, Rich; Tardiff, Mark F.; Wynne, Adam S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bonheyo, George T.] Pacific North West Natl Lab, Energy & Enviornm Directorate, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Oxley, Mark E.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baker, NA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM nathan.baker@pnnl.gov; jonathan.barr@pnnl.gov; george.bonheyo@pnnl.gov; cliff.joslyn@pnnl.gov; kannan.krishnaswami@pnnl.gov; mark.oxley@afit.edu; rich.quadrel@pnnl.gov; landon.sego@pnnl.gov; mark.tardiff@pnnl.gov; adam.wynne@pnnl.gov RI Baker, Nathan/A-8605-2010 OI Baker, Nathan/0000-0002-5892-6506 NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6213-9; 978-1-4673-6214-6 PY 2013 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHY71 UT WOS:000327025200075 ER PT S AU Doyle, DD Jennings, AL Black, JT AF Doyle, Daniel D. Jennings, Alan L. Black, Jonathan T. BE Ferrero, A TI Optical Flow Background Subtraction for Real-Time PTZ Camera Object Tracking SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Boston Sci, Natl Instruments, Medtronic, Natl Appl Res Lab, Instrument Technol Res Ctr DE PTZ camera; optical flow; background subtraction; object tracking ID FEATURES AB The use of pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) camera systems with Computer Vision (CV) techniques is a burgeoning field. Utility is most commonly seen with security systems, robotics, navigation and for capturing sports events. This paper seeks to expand the use of PTZ's in the area of measurement; specifically, the real-time tracking and measurement of Nano/Micro Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Empirical methods for developing various Nano/Micro UASs, typically ornithopter-related, show possibilities, but require theoretical development for continued understanding and advancements. The study of Nano/Micro UAS state characteristics would enable empirical development by providing supplementary model information for use in finite element and computational fluid dynamics analyses. One such advancement is to develop a metrology system using CV tracking coupled with videogrammetry techniques. The focus of this work is to provide a unique method for obtaining high-resolution, high frame-rate images of a UAS. A novel approach using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based pyramidal implementation of the Lucas-Kanade feature tracker (i.e. optical flow) to subtract PTZ movement is used to obtain motion measurements for directing the PTZ cameras. C1 [Doyle, Daniel D.; Jennings, Alan L.; Black, Jonathan T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doyle, DD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.doyle@afit.edu; alan.jennings@afit.edu; jonathan.black@afit.edu RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4673-4621-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2013 BP 866 EP 871 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHX22 UT WOS:000326900400162 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Yoder, J Baek, S Gruber, S Pack, D AF Kwon, Hyukseong Yoder, Josiah Baek, Stanley Gruber, Scott Pack, Daniel GP IEEE TI Maximizing Target Detection under Sunlight Reflection on Water Surfaces with an Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY MAY 28-31, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, ICUAS Assoc Inc, CSS, Mediterranean Control Assoc, Univ Denver, Springer, KS&P Technologies LLC AB Reflected sunlight can significantly impact vision-based object detection and tracking algorithms, especially ones based on an aerial platform operating over a marine environment. Unmanned aerial systems above a water surface may be unable to detect objects on the water surface due to sunlight glitter. Although the area affected by sunlight reflection may be limited, rapid course corrections of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - especially fixed-wing UAVs - is also limited by aerodynamics, making it challenging to determine a reasonable path that avoids sunlight reflection while maximizing chances to capture a target. In this paper, we propose an approach for autonomous UAV path planning that maximizes the accuracy of the estimated target location by minimizing the sunlight reflection influences. C1 [Kwon, Hyukseong; Yoder, Josiah; Baek, Stanley; Gruber, Scott] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Acad Ctr UAS Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM hyukseong.kwon@usafa.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-0817-2; 978-1-4799-0815-8 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2013 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHW29 UT WOS:000326842400003 ER PT J AU Farjami, E Rottmayer, MA Deiner, LJ AF Farjami, Elaheh Rottmayer, Michael A. Deiner, L. Jay TI Evidence for oxygen reduction reaction activity of a Ni(OH)(2)/graphene oxide catalyst SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE; ALPHA-NICKEL HYDROXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; MANGANESE OXIDE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; FUEL-CELLS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; HYBRID MATERIALS AB Oxygen reduction reaction catalysis on a microwave synthesized Ni(OH) 2/graphene oxide material was investigated via cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode measurements, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry in an 0.5 M alkaline solution indicated that the Ni(OH)(2)/graphene oxide material possesses significant oxygen reduction reaction activity as evidenced by a peak potential of -310 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. This value was a shift of + 110 mV as compared to the unsupported Ni(OH)(2) nanoparticles and + 90 mV as compared to the graphene oxide support alone. Rotating disk electrode studies show that the limiting current density of the Ni(OH)(2)/GO catalyst is 1.3 mA cm(-2) and the electron transfer number is 3.5. Chronoamperometry demonstrates that the current density attributable to the oxygen reduction reaction on the Ni(OH)(2)/graphene oxide material sustained a steady state value of 60% of its initial value. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy showed that the charge transfer resistance of the Ni(OH)(2)/graphene oxide catalyst was significantly lower than either the Ni(OH)(2) nanoparticles or the graphene oxide support. The electrocatalytic properties of the Ni(OH)(2)/graphene oxide material are discussed in the context of specific chemical interaction between the Ni(OH)(2) nanoparticles and the graphene oxide support. C1 [Farjami, Elaheh; Deiner, L. Jay] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Rottmayer, Michael A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Farjami, E (reprint author), CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, 300 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM efarjami@citytech.cuny.edu FU Air Force Research Labs [S-953-19-MR001]; state of New York through the Graduate Research and Teaching Initiative (GRTI) program; Advanced Imaging Facility of the College of Staten Island (CUNY) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by the Air Force Research Labs under UES subcontract S-953-19-MR001, and support for equipment purchases from the state of New York through the Graduate Research and Teaching Initiative (GRTI) program. The authors thank the Advanced Imaging Facility of the College of Staten Island (CUNY) for use of the SEM, and Prof. William L'Amoreaux and Dr. Mike Bucaro for their help with SEM equipment. The authors also thank Dr. Alexey Bykov and the City College (CUNY) XRD user facility, and Prof. Ratislov Levicky and Sade Ruffin of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 69 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 48 BP 15501 EP 15508 DI 10.1039/c3ta13351f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 258GI UT WOS:000327446900043 ER PT J AU Roy, JN Garcia, KE Luckarift, HR Falase, A Cornejo, J Babanova, S Schuler, AJ Johnson, GR Atanassov, PB AF Roy, Jared N. Garcia, Kristen E. Luckarift, Heather R. Falase, Akinbayowa Cornejo, Jose Babanova, Sofia Schuler, Andrew J. Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen B. TI Applied Electrode Potential Leads to Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Biofilms Engaged in Direct Electron Transfer SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; BACTERIAL NANOWIRES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHUTTLES; DETACHMENT; AEROTAXIS; TRANSPORT AB Energy harvesting by microorganisms is typically associated with the formation of biofilms, but the precise physiological conditions for these processes is not fully elucidated, particularly for the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 when cultured under anaerobic conditions. In this study, electrodes were incubated with anaerobic cultures of S. oneidensis MR-1 while being exposed to applied potential. Cell-to-cell signaling may be utilized by Shewanella to form biofilms, triggered by the release of specific metabolites, such as riboflavin, under changes in environmental conditions. Riboflavin may be retained at the electrode surface and thereby create aredox gradients that directs cell attachment to insoluble electron acceptors. A prolific biofilm developed on the electrode when it was a subjected to an applied potential of -0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl; corresponding to the redox potential for surface-bound oxidized riboflavin. These biofilms display a non-reversible oxidation at 0.2 V determined to be the terminal heme-protein complex in the Mtr pathway by using a double deletion mutant, Delta MtrC/OmcA, (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Jared N.; Garcia, Kristen E.; Falase, Akinbayowa; Cornejo, Jose; Babanova, Sofia; Atanassov, Plamen B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Sci Branch, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Schuler, Andrew J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Roy, JN (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI: Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells [FA9550-06-01-0264]; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX This work was supported by a US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI: Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells (contract FA9550-06-01-0264 to the University of New Mexico) Jared Roy was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship provided by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 11 BP H866 EP H871 DI 10.1149/2.001401jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 251CI UT WOS:000326905000110 ER PT J AU Bennett, W Schreiber, B Portrey, AM Bell, HH AF Bennett, Winston, Jr. Schreiber, Brian Portrey, Antoinette M. Bell, Herbert H. TI Challenges in Transforming Military Training: Research and Application of Advanced Simulation and Training Technologies and Methods SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bennett, Winston, Jr.; Schreiber, Brian; Portrey, Antoinette M.; Bell, Herbert H.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bennett, W (reprint author), 711 HPW RHAS,2620 Q St,Bldg 20852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM winston.bennett@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1037/mil0000002 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253BY UT WOS:000327058000001 ER PT J AU Alliger, GM Beard, R Bennett, W Symons, S Colegrove, C AF Alliger, George M. Beard, Rebecca Bennett, Winston, Jr. Symons, Steven Colegrove, Charles TI A Psychometric Examination of Mission Essential Competency (MEC) Measures Used in Air Force Distributed Mission Operations Training Needs Analysis SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competency-based assessment; competency-based training; proficiency-based training; mission essential competencies; competency assessment AB The Mission Essential Competency (MEC) approach to work and training needs analysis has been the focus of a multiyear research project of the United States Air Force. This article was written with the specific goal of reviewing the psychometric characteristics of the various measures that are used in this process. Using extensive survey data from different target populations, we show that the MEC measures are reliable and perform in a way that valid measures would be expected to perform, such as demonstrating appropriate expert/novice differences, expected relationships between general competencies and MECs, and reasonable relationships between job tenure and knowledge/skill. C1 [Alliger, George M.; Beard, Rebecca] Grp Org Effectiveness Inc, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Bennett, Winston, Jr.; Symons, Steven] US Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Dayton, OH USA. [Colegrove, Charles] Air Combat Command, Flight Operat & Training Branch, Langley Afb, VA USA. RP Alliger, GM (reprint author), Grp Org Effectiveness Inc, 727 Waldens Pond Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM george.alliger@groupoe.com NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 218 EP 233 DI 10.1037/h0094964 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253BY UT WOS:000327058000005 ER PT J AU MacMillan, J Entin, EB Morley, R Bennett, W AF MacMillan, Jean Entin, Eileen B. Morley, Rebecca Bennett, Winston, Jr. TI Measuring Team Performance in Complex and Dynamic Military Environments: The SPOTLITE Method SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE performance measurement; performance assessment; simulation-based training; team training; training feedback AB The Scenario-based Performance Observation Tool for Learning In Team Environments (SPOTLITE) provides a systematic method for developing team performance measurement instruments comprised of behaviorally anchored rating scales that are tied to observable behaviors that tap critical knowledge and skills and can be assessed at specific intervals during a training scenario. We developed a measurement instrument for four-person teams of F-16 pilots training for air-to-air combat in a high-fidelity simulation environment and implemented it in a handheld computer to support fast and accurate data entry as a team executes a scenario. An experiment demonstrated the sensitivity, reliability, and validity of the instrument. C1 [MacMillan, Jean; Entin, Eileen B.; Morley, Rebecca] Aptima Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Bennett, Winston, Jr.] US Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Dayton, OH USA. RP MacMillan, J (reprint author), Aptima Inc, 12 Gill St,Suite 1400, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM macmillj@aptima.com NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 266 EP 279 DI 10.1037/h0094968 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253BY UT WOS:000327058000009 ER PT J AU Marietta, DA Fisher, KA Taylor, CN AF Marietta, Daniel A. Fisher, Kenneth A. Taylor, Clark N. GP ION TI Monte Carlo Error Characterization of EKF-Based Image Aided Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Nav AB Image Aided Navigation (IAN) is a self-contained navigation scheme that utilizes information contained in images taken of the scene surrounding the navigation vehicle to provide measurements that complement inertial data, reducing navigation errors. This paper presents the results of an effort to characterize the errors committed by a specific IAN algorithm. Such a characterization supports the further development of the algorithm by providing a baseline measure of expected filter performance against which future versions may be compared. To accomplish this task, a 100 run collection of inertial and imaging data was performed using a ground vehicle navigating a rectangular indoor path within a controlled environment. This data was processed offline through the prototype IAN algorithm proposed in [14], and a Monte Carlo error analysis performed of the position errors committed by the filter. Such an analysis of an IAN filter based upon areal world data collection of this size does not yet exist in the literature. Examples of filter divergence were seen within the analysis results, and these divergent runs were then examined separately, with an exploration of possible divergence indicators (filter computed covariance and measurement residuals) and suspected causes of the divergent behavior. The results of this work provide a full characterization of the filter committed errors. C1 [Marietta, Daniel A.; Fisher, Kenneth A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] Air Force Res Lab, Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Marietta, DA (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 675 EP 686 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHZ13 UT WOS:000327063800066 ER PT J AU Zhu, Z Boroson, E Berardi, S Park, H Venable, D AF Zhu, Zhen Boroson, Elizabeth Berardi, Steve Park, Han Venable, Don GP ION TI Architecture for Asymmetric Collaborative Navigation - Considerations for Real Time Implementation of the Collaborative Robust Integrated Sensor Positioning (CRISP) System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Nav DE layered sensing; vision-aided; real time; collaborative navigation ID FEATURES AB Under the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Collaborative Robust Integrated Sensor Positioning (CRISP) program, Northrop Grumman Corporation (NGC) is designing and building a collaborative navigation solution between multiple airborne platforms. The CRISP architecture takes advantage of AFRL's Layered Sensing construct, which enables platforms to share navigation information, including geo-registered imagery. The system makes use of the higher performing sensors on the high-flyer (HF) platform, which are less susceptible to jamming, and cameras that generate larger sensor footprint and higher resolution images of the terrain. The low-flyers (LFs) have lower-quality navigation sensors, are more likely to be jammed, and have a more limited view of the terrain. Under this scenario, the HF may assist one or more LFs such that they, too, can have similar accuracy as the HF in a GPS-denied environment. This paper presents the progress on the development of the CRISP system, based on the algorithms that have been verified using Government Furnished datasets. Some of the considerations included in the design process of the real time system are also discussed. C1 [Zhu, Zhen; Boroson, Elizabeth; Berardi, Steve; Park, Han] Northrop Grumman Corp, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. [Venable, Don] WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. FU PA [RY-13-0050] FX This document is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited, PA Case # RY-13-0050 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 709 EP 716 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHZ13 UT WOS:000327063800069 ER PT J AU Guan, K Peterson, GL Kresge, JT Campbell, JL AF Guan, Kwee Peterson, Gilbert L. Kresge, Jared T. Campbell, Jacob L. GP ION TI Intelligent Behavioral Action Aiding For Improved Image Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Nav AB In egomotion image navigation, errors are common especially when traversing areas with few landmarks. Since image navigation is often used as a passive navigation technique in GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) denied environments, egomotion accuracy is important for precise navigation in these challenging environments. One of the causes of egomotion errors is inaccurate landmark distance measurement (e. g. sensor noise). This research develops a landmark location egomotion error model that quantifies the effects of landmark locations on egomotion value uncertainty and errors. The error model accounts for increases in landmark uncertainty due to landmark distance and image centrality. A robot then uses the error model to execute actions that position landmarks in image positions that give the least egomotion calculation uncertainty. Three action-aiding solutions are proposed: (1) qualitative non-evaluative aiding action, (2) quantitative evaluative aiding action with physical scans, and (3) quantitative evaluative aiding action with landmark tracking. Simulation results show that both action-aiding techniques reduce the position uncertainty compared to no action aiding. Physical testing results substantiate simulation results. Compared to no action aiding, non-evaluative action aiding reduced egomotion position errors by an average 31.5%, while evaluative action aiding reduced egomotion position errors by an average 72.5%. Physical testing also showed that evaluative action aiding enables egomotion to work reliably in areas with few features, achieving 76% error reduction in egomotion position compared to no aiding. C1 [Guan, Kwee; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Kresge, Jared T.] AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Campbell, Jacob L.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guan, K (reprint author), AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 771 EP 779 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHZ13 UT WOS:000327063800076 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. BE Titterton, DH Richardson, MA Grasso, RJ Ackermann, H Bohn, WL TI DPAL: historical perspective and summary of achievements SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES X; AND HIGH-POWER LASERS 2013: TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures X; and High-Power Lasers - Technology and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2013 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP SPIE DE DPAL; alkali lasers; high power gas lasers ID CESIUM-VAPOR LASER; PUMPED ALKALI LASERS; COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; INDUCED AMPLIFIED EMISSION; SODIUM VAPOR; POTASSIUM LASER; DIODE ARRAY; CS LASER; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; BUFFER GAS AB Alkali vapor lasers are under extensive research and development during the past decade because of their potential for scaling to high powers while maintaining a good beam quality. Also, a possibility of using efficient diode lasers for pumping alkali vapor promises high total wall plug efficiency for a Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL). Since the first DPAL demonstration with output power of 130 mW in 2005(1), a significant progress in this field was achieved. The output power of about 1 kW in continuous wave (CW) operation with optical efficiency close to 50% was recently demonstrated for a Cs DPAL(2). Also, the DPALs based on other alkali metals (Rubidium and Potassium) were demonstrated(3,4). In spite of these significant achievements, there are still several problems in DPAL power scaling exist that must be addressed. Among them are the thermal(5) and photoionization(6) issues that become important even at power level about several tens of watts. In this paper we present a historical review of the alkali laser research and development, discuss the most important achievements and future perspectives in this field of research. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9767-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8898 AR 88980V DI 10.1117/12.2033923 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIA30 UT WOS:000327137200024 ER PT S AU Braydich-Stolle, LK Schaeublin, NM Hussain, SM AF Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Schaeublin, Nicole M. Hussain, Saber M. BE Leszczynski, J Puzyn, T TI In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Metallic Nanomaterials SO TOWARDS EFFICIENT DESIGNING OF SAFE NANOMATERIALS: INNOVATIVE MERGE OF COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; INDUCE OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CELLULAR UPTAKE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; INTRACELLULAR UPTAKE C1 [Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Schaeublin, Nicole M.; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Braydich-Stolle, LK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7136 BN 978-1-84973-547-6; 978-1-84973-453-0 J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH PY 2013 VL 25 BP 27 EP 42 DI 10.1039/9781849735476-00027 D2 10.1039/9781849735476 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BHW55 UT WOS:000326863100003 ER PT J AU Do, JJ Samuels, SM Adkins, DJ Clinard, ME Koveleskie, AJ AF Do, James J. Samuels, Steven M. Adkins, Donald J. Clinard, Matthew E. Koveleskie, Aaron J. TI Gender Bias and Pluralistic Ignorance in Perceptions of Fitness Assessments SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gender bias; pluralistic ignorance; USAFA; sexism; fitness test ID MILITARY ACADEMIES; WOMEN; ATTITUDES; SEXISM; FAIRNESS AB Two studies examined the relationship between cadets' views toward women, specifically, attitudes about fitness testing at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). Cadets completed measures of views toward women in society, in the military, at USAFA, and fitness testing. Results revealed that many male cadets held sexist attitudes of women in all categories. Cadets who held egalitarian views of women in society and in the military were more likely to support equitable fitness standards. Furthermore, cadets' personal viewpoints differed from their perception of the entire cadet population viewpoint, creating an environment of pluralistic ignorance. That is, cadets believed the collective was more sexist than themselves, suggesting that a vocal minority who perpetuate sexist attitudes may hinder changes in culture. C1 [Do, James J.; Samuels, Steven M.; Adkins, Donald J.; Clinard, Matthew E.; Koveleskie, Aaron J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Samuels, SM (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L-101B, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM steven.samuels@usafa.edu NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1037/h0094754 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 252RK UT WOS:000327027000004 ER PT J AU Staal, MA Stephenson, JA AF Staal, Mark A. Stephenson, James A. TI Operational Psychology Post-9/11: A Decade of Evolution SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE operational; national security; military; 9/11; national defense ID MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY; DEFENSE; DOCTORS; MODEL; WAR AB decade, it has emerged from relative obscurity and developed into an exciting, and somewhat controversial, professional subdiscipline within psychology. As the community of operational psychologists has increased and matured, it has reached a tipping point, creating the need for practice guidelines, training programs, and a greater emphasis on operationally relevant empirical research. The starting point for these developments is an integrative definition of operational psychology. In this article, we revisit previous definitions, relevant research literature, and recent developments in this specialty. We propose a definition that emphasizes consultation to an operational decision maker concerning issues of national security and defense. C1 [Staal, Mark A.] US Special Operat Command, USAF, Pope Aaf, NC USA. [Stephenson, James A.] Univ Air, Spaatz Ctr, USAF, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Staal, MA (reprint author), Bldg 1947,Malvesti Rd, Pope Aaf, NC 28307 USA. EM staalm@jdi.socom.mil NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1037/h0094951 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253BT UT WOS:000327057500001 ER PT J AU Rose, MR Arnold, RD Howse, WR AF Rose, Mark R. Arnold, Richard D. Howse, William R. TI Unmanned Aircraft Systems Selection Practices: Current Research and Future Directions SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE unmanned aircraft system; remotely piloted aircraft; unmanned aerial system; unmanned aerial vehicle; pilot selection AB This review examines evolving personnel selection practices for unmanned aircraft systems/remotely piloted aircraft (UAS/RPA) across the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Naval Services, and U.S. Army. Findings across services revealed several themes, including strengths (e.g., strong predictive validities, consistency in operator profiles), weaknesses (e.g., small number of predictive validation studies, small sample sizes), and gaps (e.g., need for further investigation of noncognitive predictors). Ongoing and proposed research, including development and implementation of new instruments and methodologies, are discussed, followed by suggestions to facilitate enhanced UAS/RPA selection practices across the services. C1 [Rose, Mark R.] AF Personnel Ctr AFPC DSYX, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. [Arnold, Richard D.] Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Howse, William R.] Damos Aviat Serv, Gurnee, IL USA. RP Rose, MR (reprint author), HQ AF Personnel Ctr AFPC DSYX, 550 C St W,Ste 45, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. EM mark.rose.7@us.af.mil NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 5 BP 413 EP 427 DI 10.1037/mil0000008 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253CJ UT WOS:000327059100001 ER PT J AU Wolfe, AL Arrow, H AF Wolfe, Andrea L. Arrow, Holly TI Military Influence Tactics: Lessons Learned in Iraq and Afghanistan SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-cultural influence; Military Information Support Operations (MISO); influence techniques ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR AB When deployed U. S. soldiers attempt to influence the attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors of civilians, success can save lives and failure can be deadly. Survey data from 228 military personnel with deployment experience to Iraq and Afghanistan revealed that in a challenging wartime environment, empathy, respect, prior relationships, and familiarity with influence targets predicted success in cross-cultural influence attempts. Influence techniques involving resources and positive feelings were used more commonly in relatively successful influence attempts; negative tactics were used more commonly in unsuccessful attempts. C1 [Wolfe, Andrea L.; Arrow, Holly] Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Wolfe, AL (reprint author), USAF Acad, US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM andrea.wolfe@usafa.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 5 BP 428 EP 437 DI 10.1037/mil0000009 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253CJ UT WOS:000327059100002 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy BE Fiederle, M Burger, A Franks, L James, RB TI Direction-Sensitive Hand-Held Gamma-Ray Spectrometer SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XV CY AUG 26-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB A novel, light-weight, hand-held gamma-ray detector with directional sensitivity is being designed. The detector uses a set of multiple rings around two cylindrical surfaces, which provides precise location of two interaction points on two concentric cylindrical planes, wherefrom the source location can be traced back by back projection and/or Compton imaging technique. The detectors are 2.0 x 2.0 mm europium-doped strontium iodide (SrI2:Eu2+) crystals, whose light output has been measured to exceed 120,000 photons/MeV, making it one of the brightest scintillators in existence. The crystal's energy resolution, less than 3% at 662 keV, is also excellent, and the response is highly linear over a wide range of gamma-ray energies. The emission of SrI2:Eu2+ is well matched to both photo-multiplier tubes and blue-enhanced silicon photodiodes. The solid-state photomultipliers used in this design (each 2.0 x 2.0 mm) are arrays of active pixel sensors (avalanche photodiodes driven beyond their breakdown voltage in reverse bias); each pixel acts as a binary photon detector, and their summed output is an analog representation of the total photon energy, while the individual pixel accurately defines the point of interaction. A simple back-projection algorithm involving cone-surface mapping is being modeled. The back projection for an event cone is a conical surface defining the possible location of the source. The cone axis is the straight line passing through the first and second interaction points. C1 Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab, Andrews AFB, MD USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9702-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8852 AR 885218 DI 10.1117/12.2018350 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BHT73 UT WOS:000326643800020 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Maurer, R Wolff, R Mitchell, S Guss, P Trainham, C AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Maurer, Richard Wolff, Ronald Mitchell, Stephen Guss, Paul Trainham, Clifford BE Fiederle, M Burger, A Franks, L James, RB TI Exploitation of geometric occlusion and covariance spectroscopy in a gamma sensor array SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XV CY AUG 26-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE occlusion; covariance spectroscopy; correlations; fluctuations; Compton scattering AB The National Security Technologies, LLC, Remote Sensing Laboratory has recently used an array of six small-footprint (1-inch diameter by 3-inch long) cylindrical crystals of thallium-doped sodium iodide scintillators to obtain angular information from discrete gamma ray-emitting point sources. Obtaining angular information in a near-field measurement for a field-deployed gamma sensor is a requirement for radiological emergency work. Three of the sensors sit at the vertices of a 2-inch isosceles triangle, while the other three sit on the circumference of a 3-inch-radius circle centered in this triangle. This configuration exploits occlusion of sensors, correlation from Compton scattering within a detector array, and covariance spectroscopy, a spectral coincidence technique. Careful placement and orientation of individual detectors with reference to other detectors in an array can provide improved angular resolution for determining the source position by occlusion mechanism. By evaluating the values of, and the uncertainties in, the photopeak areas, efficiencies, branching ratio, peak area correction factors, and the correlations between these quantities, one can determine the precise activity of a particular radioisotope from a mixture of radioisotopes that have overlapping photopeaks that are ordinarily hard to deconvolve. The spectral coincidence technique, often known as covariance spectroscopy, examines the correlations and fluctuations in data that contain valuable information about radiation sources, transport media, and detection systems. Covariance spectroscopy enhances radionuclide identification techniques, provides directional information, and makes weaker gamma-ray emission-normally undetectable by common spectroscopic analysis-detectable. A series of experimental results using the concept of covariance spectroscopy are presented. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy; Maurer, Richard; Wolff, Ronald] Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, 1783 Arnold Ave, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM mukhops@nv.doe.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9702-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8852 AR 88520H DI 10.1117/12.2019482 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BHT73 UT WOS:000326643800009 ER PT J AU Hehlen, MP Sheik-Bahae, M Epstein, RI Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV AF Hehlen, Markus P. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor Epstein, Richard I. Melgaard, Seth D. Seletskiy, Denis V. TI Materials for Optical Cryocoolers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID BAY2F8 SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THULIUM-DOPED GLASS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LASER; REFRIGERATION; LUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR; MICROPHONICS; SOLIDS; ORIGIN AB Vibration-free cooling of detectors to cryogenic temperatures is critical for many terrestrial, airborne, and space-based instruments. Cooling of solids by anti-Stokes fluorescence is an emerging refrigeration technology that is inherently vibration-free and compact, and enables cooling of small loads to cryogenic temperatures. In this Highlight, advances in laser-cooling of solids are discussed with a particular focus on the recent breakthrough laser cooling of Yb3+-doped YLiF4 crystals to 114 K. The importance of the material structure, composition, and purity of laser-cooling materials and their influence on the optical refrigerator device performance is emphasized. C1 [Hehlen, Markus P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor; Epstein, Richard I.; Melgaard, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, Seth D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Epstein, Richard I.] ThermoDynam Films LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Hehlen, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mailstop E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hehlen@lanl.gov RI Seletskiy, Denis/C-1372-2011 OI Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 45 BP 7471 EP 7478 DI 10.1039/c3tc31681e PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 247UP UT WOS:000326648100001 ER PT J AU De Sio, L Klein, G Serak, S Tabiryan, N Cunningham, A Tone, CM Ciuchi, F Burgi, T Umeton, C Bunning, T AF De Sio, Luciano Klein, Gerard Serak, Svetlana Tabiryan, Nelson Cunningham, Alastair Tone, Caterina Maria Ciuchi, Federica Buergi, Thomas Umeton, Cesare Bunning, Timothy TI All-optical control of localized plasmonic resonance realized by photoalignment of liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; ARRAY; SHAPE AB Large shifts in the plasmonic resonances of a thin film of gold nanorods (GNRs) are induced through the modulation of the local refractive index of the neighboring dielectric medium. This change is enabled through light-induced surface reorientation of a nematic liquid crystal in contact with a nanometer-thin photoalignment layer coating the GNR film. The presence of isolated and well distributed GNRs, both before and after the photoalignment layer deposition, is shown through atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Exposure of the photoalignment layer to polarized light is shown to reorient aligned nematic liquid crystal molecules to an orthogonal direction, thereby changing the local refractive index of the medium in close proximity to the GNR film. This large change in the local dielectric strength is shown to cause a broad red shift of the localized plasmonic longitudinal resonance and almost no shift in the local transverse resonance. The ability to remotely and quickly change the plasmonic properties of this GNR system marks a breakthrough towards the realization of all-optical plasmonic and photonic devices such as plasmonic colour filters. C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Serak, Svetlana; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [De Sio, Luciano; Tone, Caterina Maria; Umeton, Cesare] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [De Sio, Luciano; Tone, Caterina Maria; Umeton, Cesare] Univ Calabria, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Klein, Gerard; Cunningham, Alastair; Buergi, Thomas] Univ Geneva, Dept Chim Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Tone, Caterina Maria; Ciuchi, Federica; Umeton, Cesare] CNR IPCF UOS, I-87036 Cosenza, Arcavacata Di R, Italy. [Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM luciano.desio@fis.unical.it RI mazzulla, alfredo/D-9841-2013; Ciuchi, Federica/F-2164-2013; Burgi, Thomas/N-4907-2016; OI mazzulla, alfredo/0000-0002-1938-3959; Burgi, Thomas/0000-0003-0906-082X; CIUCHI, Federica/0000-0001-6898-7567 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR), Air Force Material Command (AFMC), U.S. Air Force [FA8655-12-1-003] FX Authors are grateful to Giovanni Desiderio for his help in the SEM analysis and to Giovanna Palermo for helping in the data analysis. This research has been supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR), Air Force Material Command (AFMC), U.S. Air Force, under grant FA8655-12-1-003 (P.I. L. De Sio). NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 45 BP 7483 EP 7487 DI 10.1039/c3tc31733a PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 247UP UT WOS:000326648100003 ER PT S AU Rumi, M Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF Rumi, Mariacristina Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. BE Khoo, IC TI Effects of in-plane electric fields on the optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTALS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals XVII CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, EMD Millipore Corp (d b a EMD Chem) DE Cholesteric liquid crystals; in-plane switching; interdigitated electrodes; microspectrometer ID COLOR AB A considerable body of knowledge has been developed on the general behavior of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) materials in electric fields. One approach that has been reported to achieve tunability in optical filters based on CLCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy and in the planar homogeneous state involves the application of electric fields perpendicular to the axis of the CLC helix. The field leads to a progressive unwinding of the helix and a corresponding red-shift in the position of the reflection band of the CLC. In this work, a microspectrophotometer was employed to probe the spatial heterogeneity of the optical spectra of the CLC in cells with interdigitated electrodes. We will show that a complex behavior of the Bragg reflection band is obtained in the gap between electrodes for certain parameters of cells with interdigitated electrodes as a function of the applied field. This is ascribed to variations in the field magnitude and direction in the cell, which lead to a spatial variation of helix unwinding. C1 [Rumi, Mariacristina; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rumi, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Rumi, Mariacristina/C-9474-2009; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 OI Rumi, Mariacristina/0000-0002-4597-9617; NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9678-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8828 AR 882817 DI 10.1117/12.2023282 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BHU76 UT WOS:000326702100022 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Maurer, R Wolff, R Mitchell, S Guss, P AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Maurer, Richard Wolff, Ronald Mitchell, Stephen Guss, Paul BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Real-time active cosmic neutron background reduction methods SO PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications XIV CY AUG 28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutron counting; cosmic background; ship effect; spallation neutrons; Feynman variance Y2F; neutron shielding; electronic veto; time correlation AB Neutron counting using large arrays of pressurized He-3 proportional counters from an aerial system or in a maritime environment suffers from the background counts from the primary cosmic neutrons and secondary neutrons caused by cosmic ray. induced mechanisms like spallation and charge-exchange reaction. This paper reports the work performed at the Remote Sensing Laboratory-Andrews (RSL-A) and results obtained when using two different methods to reduce the cosmic neutron background in real time. Both methods used shielding materials with a high concentration (up to 30% by weight) of neutron-absorbing materials, such as natural boron, to remove the low-energy neutron flux from the cosmic background as the first step of the background reduction process. Our first method was to design, prototype, and test an up-looking plastic scintillator (BC-400, manufactured by Saint Gobain Corporation) to tag the cosmic neutrons and then create a logic pulse of a fixed time duration (similar to 120 mu s) to block the data taken by the neutron counter (pressurized He-3 tubes running in a proportional counter mode). The second method examined the time correlation between the arrival of two successive neutron signals to the counting array and calculated the excess of variance (Feynman variance Y2F)(1) in the neutron count distribution from Poisson distribution. The dilution of this variance from cosmic background values ideally would signal the presence of man-made neutrons.(2) The first method has been technically successful in tagging the neutrons in the cosmic-ray flux and preventing them from being counted in the He-3 tube array by electronic veto-field measurement work shows the efficiency of the electronic veto counter to be about 87%. The second method has successfully derived an empirical relationship between the percentile non-cosmic component in a neutron flux and the Y2F of the measured neutron count distribution. By using shielding materials alone, approximately 55% of the neutron flux from man-made sources like Cf-252 or Am-Be was removed. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy; Maurer, Richard; Wolff, Ronald] Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, 1783 Arnold Ave, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9704-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8854 AR 885408 DI 10.1117/12.2020895 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000326732100004 ER PT S AU Cowan, VM Treider, LA Morath, CP Tian, ZB Nutan Gautum Krishna, S AF Cowan, Vincent M. Treider, Laura A. Morath, Christian P. Tian, Zhaobing Nutan Gautum Krishna, Sanjay BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Radiation tolerance of type-II strained layer superlattice-based interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIP) SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VII CY AUG 25-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE interband cascade infrared photodetector (ICIP); InAs/GaSb; IR; superlattice; infrared AB For space-based imaging systems radiation tolerance to both displacement damage and total ionizing dose (TID) radiation effects continues to be a major performance concern. Here, the TID and proton irradiance tolerance of mid wave infrared interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs) based on InAs/GaSb type II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) absorbers is presented. Protons of energy of 63 MeV were used to irradiate the unbiased ICIP detectors at room temperature to a proton fluence of 7.5 x 10(11) protons/cm(2), corresponding to a TID of 100 kRads(Si). A comparison of the detector performance of a variety of ICIPs with different numbers of electron barrier sizes cascade stages is presented. Performance of detectors of varying size was characterized by dark current and quantum efficiency measurements at different temperatures. Results show changes, increase in dark current and a reduction in the quantum efficiency, consistent with an increase in the trap density. C1 [Cowan, Vincent M.; Treider, Laura A.; Morath, Christian P.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cowan, VM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vincent.cowan@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9726-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8876 DI 10.1117/12.2022529 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHN56 UT WOS:000325977900007 ER PT S AU Hopkins, FK Walsh, KM Benken, A Jones, J Averett, K Diggs, DE Tan, LS Mou, S Grote, JG AF Hopkins, F. Kenneth Walsh, Kevin M. Benken, Alexander Jones, John Averett, Kent Diggs, Darnell E. Tan, Loon-Seng Mou, Shin Grote, James G. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Germanium on Silicon to Enable Integrated Photonic Circuits SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VII CY AUG 25-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE integrated photonics; germanium; photodetector ID SI AB Electronic circuits alone cannot fully meet future requirements for speed, size, and weight of many sensor systems, such as digital radar technology and as a result, interest in integrated photonic circuits (IPCs) and the hybridization of electronics with photonics is growing. However, many IPC components such as photodetectors are not presently ideal, but germanium has many advantages to enable higher performance designs that can be better incorporated into an IPC. For example, Ge photodetectors offer an enormous responsivity to laser wavelengths near 1.55 mu m at high frequencies to 40GHz, and they can be easily fabricated as part of a planar silicon processing schedule. At the same time, germanium has enormous potential for enabling 1.55 micron lasers on silicon and for enhancing the performance of silicon modulators. Our new effort has begun by studying the deposition of germanium on silicon and beginning to develop methods for processing these films. In initial experiments comparing several common chemical solutions for selective etching under patterned positive photoresist, it was found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at or below room temperature (20 C) produced the sharpest patterns in the Ge films; H2O2 at a higher temperature (50 C) resulted in the greatest lateral etching. C1 [Hopkins, F. Kenneth; Walsh, Kevin M.; Benken, Alexander; Jones, John; Averett, Kent; Diggs, Darnell E.; Tan, Loon-Seng; Mou, Shin; Grote, James G.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopkins, FK (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9726-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8876 DI 10.1117/12.2025186 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHN56 UT WOS:000325977900025 ER PT S AU Treider, LA Cowan, VM Morath, CP Tian, ZB Krishna, S AF Treider, Laura A. Cowan, Vincent M. Morath, Christian P. Tian, Zhaobing Krishna, Sanjay BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Noise spectrum measurements of a midwave, interband cascade infrared photodetector with 33 nm wide electron barrier SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments VII CY AUG 25-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE interband cascade infrared photodetector (ICIP); InAs/GaSb; noise; infrared detector AB Interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs) potentially offer mid-wave infrared detection at very high operating temperatures due to their nearly ideal photovoltaic operation. An ICIP typically makes use of several cascade stages grown in series, each of which consists of an active absorption region with a mid-wave cutoff wavelength, an intra-band relaxation region for electron transport and an inter-band tunneling region to enable electron transport to the next stage. The latter two also effectively act as a hole-barrier (hB) and an electron-barrier (eB), respectively, forming a preferential path for each carrier. Here, an ICIP with a relatively large eB was investigated. One of the key parameters to measure for detector performance is the noise spectrum, particularly to observe the behavior at low frequencies where the noise is often much larger than estimates based on the ideal shot noise expression would predict. This paper presents the results of noise spectrum measurements of differently sized ICIP devices, taken using an external trans-impedance amplifier with a cooled, internal impedance converter and a cooled feedback resistor. Measurements were taken at different operating temperatures and voltage biases in order to determine the noise-dependence on each. C1 [Treider, Laura A.; Cowan, Vincent M.; Morath, Christian P.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Treider, LA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM laura.treider@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9726-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8876 DI 10.1117/12.2026817 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHN56 UT WOS:000325977900008 ER PT S AU Kim, RS Szep, A Usechak, NG You, Y AF Kim, Richard S. Szep, Attila Usechak, Nicholas G. You, YoungHwan BE Eich, M Nunzi, JM Jakubiak, R TI Design Considerations for Monolithic Beam Formers Based on Electro-Optic Polymer Phase Modulators and Strain-Induced Optical Waveguides SO OPTICAL PROCESSES IN ORGANIC MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Processes in Organic Materials and Nanostructures II CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, EMD Millipore Corp (d b a EMD Chem) DE Electro-optic polymers; Waveguide modulators; Polymer waveguides; Integrated optics devices; Phased-array imaging systems AB The fabrication and characterization of a 1x4-element integrated beam former based on electro-optic (EO) polymer phase modulators (PM) is summarized including findings related to waveguide loss, near-, and far-field diffraction patterns. Based on this device, two alternate designs are proposed to improve performance: an unequally spaced 1x4-element and an equally spaced 1x8-element beam former both based on EO polymer PMs. Models of these alternative designs indicate that waveguide propagation loss and strong grating lobes, both of which degraded the performance of the initial device, can be substantially improved. The proposed approach explored by the 8-element beam former introduces novel components including strain-induced optical waveguides, hybrid integration of active and passive polymers, modified waveguide diffraction aperture, and directional coupler thermo-optic (TO) switches. C1 [Kim, Richard S.; Szep, Attila; Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9677-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8827 AR UNSP 88270M DI 10.1117/12.2022639 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHM62 UT WOS:000325928800012 ER PT J AU Tseng, CC Parthasarathy, TA Sikorski, RL Viskanta, R Chen, MY AF Tseng, Charles C. Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Sikorski, Ruth L. Viskanta, Raymond Chen, Ming Y. TI Effect of thermal radiation on the effective thermal conductivity of open-cell SiC foams SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article DE Open-cell foams; silicon carbide; high temperature; effective thermal conductivity; thermal radiation; thermal protection ID SILICON-CARBIDE; HEAT-TRANSFER; METAL FOAMS AB To use open-cell foam materials for high temperature applications, thermal radiation may be important or dominate heat transfer in foams; however, the effective thermal conductivity which is one of the most important thermal characteristics of foams is difficult to estimate due to the fact that studies based on detailed thermal radiation analysis are limited. In this paper foams are considered to be semitransparent, because radiation can penetrate through the pore (or void) space and/or foam skeleton (ligament), depending on the materials from which the foams are made. Of particular interest in this study is to create a model that includes the effect of the foam physical properties (such as its density, mean cell size, etc.) on the conductive and the radiative transfer through silicon carbide (SiC) foams for predicting the temperature dependent effective thermal conductivity. In the paper, the dimensionless strut diameter is considered to be an important physical parameter of foams. The attenuation/extinction behavior of SiC foams is considered to be a function of the dimensionless strut diameter of the foam. The results reveal that the foam physical properties can significantly reduce the effective thermal conductivity of the foam used for the thermal protection. C1 [Tseng, Charles C.; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Sikorski, Ruth L.; Chen, Ming Y.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. [Viskanta, Raymond] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tseng, Charles C.; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. EM ming-yung.chen@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB [FA8650-07-D-5800]; computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization; Air Force Research Laboratory at the Wright-Patterson AFB FX This study was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB under the contract number of FA8650-07-D-5800. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program of the Air Force Research Laboratory at the Wright-Patterson AFB. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 0018-1544 EI 1472-3441 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 387 EP 403 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 242PJ UT WOS:000326254200001 ER PT S AU De Sio, L Tabiryan, N Bunning, T Kimball, BR Umeton, C AF De Sio, Luciano Tabiryan, Nelson Bunning, Timothy Kimball, Brian R. Umeton, Cesare BE Wolf, E TI Dynamic Photonic Materials Based on Liquid Crystals SO PROGRESS IN OPTICS, VOL 58 SE Progress in Optics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ELECTROOPTICAL PROPERTIES; SWITCHING PROPERTIES; PLASMONIC RESONANCE; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; PHASE-SEPARATION; BRAGG GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Umeton, Cesare] Univ Calabria, Inst Chem Phys Proc IPCF CNR, UOS Cosenza, Dept Phys, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [De Sio, Luciano; Umeton, Cesare] Univ Calabria, Inst Chem Phys Proc IPCF CNR, UOS Cosenza, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat CEMIF CAL, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kimball, Brian R.] US Army Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Inst Chem Phys Proc IPCF CNR, UOS Cosenza, Dept Phys, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. NR 103 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6638 BN 978-0-444-62654-7; 978-0-444-62644-8 J9 PROG OPTICS JI Prog. Opt. PY 2013 VL 58 BP 1 EP 64 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-62644-8.00001-7 PG 64 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHP28 UT WOS:000326234900002 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Selvaraj, C Munichandraiah, N Scanlon, LG AF Kumar, Surender Selvaraj, C. Munichandraiah, N. Scanlon, L. G. TI Gold nanoparticles anchored reduced graphene oxide as catalyst for oxygen electrode of rechargeable Li-O-2 cells SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-AIR BATTERIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; REDUCTION; CAPACITY; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; SUPEROXIDE; COMPOSITE AB Gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (Au-RGO) catalyst for O-2 electrode is prepared by in situ reduction of Au3+ ions and graphene oxide dispersed in water. The Au nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the two-dimensional RGO layers. Li-O-2 cells assembled in a non-aqueous electrolyte using Au-RGO catalyst exhibit an initial discharge capacity as high as 5.89 mA h cm-(2) (5230 mA h g(-1))at a current density of 0.1 mA cm(-2). The voltage gap between the charge and discharge curves is less for Li-O-2(Au-RGO) cell in comparison with Li-O-2(RGO) cell. The Li-O-2(Au-RGO) cells are cycled over about 120 charge-discharge cycles. The results suggest that Au-RGO is a promising catalyst for rechargeable Li-O-2 cells. C1 [Kumar, Surender; Selvaraj, C.; Munichandraiah, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Scanlon, L. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Elect Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Munichandraiah, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the U.S. Air Force [FA2386-13-1-4006] FX The authors thank the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the U.S. Air Force for their financial support (award no. FA2386-13-1-4006) and Dr T. Low and Dr R. Pon of AOARD for their keen interest in this work. Dr Stanley Rodrigues and Dr Padmakar Kichambare of AFRL are thanked for useful discussions. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 59 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 44 BP 21706 EP 21714 DI 10.1039/c3ra42617c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 239WM UT WOS:000326056600087 ER PT B AU Cross, S Vukadinovic, R AF Cross, Sharyl Vukadinovic, Radovan BE Cross, S Kentera, S Nation, RC Vukadinovic, R TI Shaping the Twenty-First Century International Security Community in South East Europe and Beyond: An Introduction SO SHAPING SOUTH EAST EUROPE'S SECURITY COMMUNITY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: TRUST, PARTNERSHIP, INTEGRATION SE New Security Challenges LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cross, Sharyl] US Air Force Acad, George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Coll Int & Secur Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cross, Sharyl] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Vukadinovic, Radovan] Univ Zagreb, Fac Polit Sci, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. RP Cross, S (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Coll Int & Secur Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Crosson, Sean/0000-0002-3026-0968 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-01020-9; 978-1-137-01019-3 J9 NEW SECUR CHALL PY 2013 BP 1 EP 27 D2 10.1057/9781137010209 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BHO97 UT WOS:000326192700002 ER PT B AU Krasteva, A Cervone, A Pilch, FT AF Krasteva, Anna Cervone, Alberto Pilch, Frances T. BE Cross, S Kentera, S Nation, RC Vukadinovic, R TI Transnational Migration and Demographic Security Challenges SO SHAPING SOUTH EAST EUROPE'S SECURITY COMMUNITY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: TRUST, PARTNERSHIP, INTEGRATION SE New Security Challenges LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Krasteva, Anna] New Bulgarian Univ, Ctr Refugees Migrat & Ethn Studies CERMES, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Pilch, Frances T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Div Int Relat & Natl Secur, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Krasteva, A (reprint author), New Bulgarian Univ, Ctr Refugees Migrat & Ethn Studies CERMES, Sofia, Bulgaria. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-01020-9; 978-1-137-01019-3 J9 NEW SECUR CHALL PY 2013 BP 166 EP 196 D2 10.1057/9781137010209 PG 31 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BHO97 UT WOS:000326192700010 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid BE Pereira, A Lehmann, D TI A cognitive model of language and conscious processes SO UNITY OF MIND, BRAIN AND WORLD: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BASIC EMOTIONS; NEURAL-NETWORK; RECOGNITION; HEURISTICS C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-02629-2 PY 2013 BP 265 EP 298 PG 34 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BHO37 UT WOS:000326088200010 ER PT S AU Bayya, SS Villalobos, GR Hunt, MP Sanghera, JS Sadowski, BM Aggarwal, ID Cinibulk, M Carney, C Keller, K AF Bayya, Shyam S. Villalobos, Guillermo R. Hunt, Michael P. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Sadowski, Bryan M. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Cinibulk, Michael Carney, Carmen Keller, Kristin BE Robichaud, JL Krodel, M Goodman, WA TI Development of Transparent Polycrystalline Beta-Silicon Carbide SO MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS TO OPTICS, STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS, AND SUB-SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Material Technologies and Applications to Optics, Structures, Components, and Sub-Systems CY AUG 26-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE silicon carbide; transparent; ceramic; sol-gel; Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) ID REDUCTION AB Transparent beta-SiC is of great interest because its high strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, very high thermal conductivity, and cubic crystal structure give it a very high thermal shock resistance. A transparent, polycrystalline beta- SiC window will find applications in armor, hypersonic missiles, and thermal control for thin disc lasers. SiC is currently available as either small transparent vapor grown disks or larger opaque shapes. Neither of which are useful in window applications. We are developing sintering technology to enable transparent SiC ceramics. This involves developing procedures to make high purity powders and studying their densification behavior. We have been successful in demonstrating transparency in thin sections using Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST). This paper will discuss the reaction mechanisms in the formation of beta-SiC powder and its sintering behavior in producing transparent ceramics. C1 [Bayya, Shyam S.; Villalobos, Guillermo R.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] Naval Res Lab, Code 5622,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael P.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan M.] Air Force Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Cinibulk, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Carney, Carmen; Keller, Kristin] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5622,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9687-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8837 AR UNSP 88370S DI 10.1117/12.2023954 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHN37 UT WOS:000325971100024 ER PT S AU Giannandrea, A Raqueno, N Messinger, DW Faulring, J Kerekes, JP van Aardt, J Canham, K Hagstrom, S Ontiveros, E Gerace, A Kaufman, J Vongsy, KM Griffith, H Bartlett, BD Ientilucci, E Meola, J Scarff, L Daniel, B AF Giannandrea, AnneMarie Raqueno, Nina Messinger, David W. Faulring, Jason Kerekes, John P. van Aardt, Jan Canham, Kelly Hagstrom, Shea Ontiveros, Erin Gerace, Aaron Kaufman, Jason Vongsy, Karmon M. Griffith, Heather Bartlett, Brent D. Ientilucci, Emmett Meola, Joesph Scarff, Lauwrence Daniel, Brian BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The SHARE 2012 Data Campaign SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Data Collection; Hyperspectral; Ground Truth; HSI Dataset; HSI Signatures; LiDAR; Target Detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL COLLECTION EXPERIMENT; MEGACOLLECT 2004; ROCHESTER AB A multi-modal (hyperspectral, multispectral, and LIDAR) imaging data collection campaign was conducted just south of Rochester New York in Avon, NY on September 20, 2012 by the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in conjunction with SpecTIR, LLC, the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), the Naval Research Lab (NRL), United Technologies Aerospace Systems (UTAS) and MITRE. The campaign was a follow on from the SpecTIR Hyperspectral Airborne Rochester Experiment (SHARE) from 2010. Data was collected in support of the eleven simultaneous experiments described here. The airborne imagery was collected over four different sites with hyperspectral, multispectral, and LIDAR sensors. The sites for data collection included Avon, NY, Conesus Lake, Hemlock Lake and forest, and a nearby quarry. Experiments included topics such as target unmixing, subpixel detection, material identification, impacts of illumination on materials, forest health, and in-water target detection. An extensive ground truthing effort was conducted in addition to collection of the airborne imagery. The ultimate goal of the data collection campaign is to provide the remote sensing community with a shareable resource to support future research. This paper details the experiments conducted and the data that was collected during this campaign. C1 [Giannandrea, AnneMarie; Raqueno, Nina; Messinger, David W.; Faulring, Jason; Kerekes, John P.; van Aardt, Jan; Canham, Kelly; Hagstrom, Shea; Ontiveros, Erin; Gerace, Aaron; Ientilucci, Emmett] Rochester Inst Technol, 1 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Kaufman, Jason; Vongsy, Karmon M.; Meola, Joesph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Griffith, Heather] United Technol Aerosp Syst, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Bartlett, Brent D.] Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Daniel, Brian] US Naval Acad, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giannandrea, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, 1 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM amg4587@rit.edu; nina@cis.rit.edu FU Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS), Exelis; United Technologies Aerospace Systems (UTAS); NRL; UTAS; AFRL; MITRE; RITRE; SUNY FX Funding for this project was provided by the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS), Exelis, and United Technologies Aerospace Systems (UTAS). The authors would like to thank Exelis, NRL, UTAS, AFRL, MITRE, and RITRE for their involvement in this project. They would also like to thank SUNY Brockport for the use of their meteorological equipment. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR UNSP 87430F DI 10.1117/12.2015935 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800011 ER PT S AU Givens, RN Walli, KC Eismann, MT AF Givens, Ryan N. Walli, Karl C. Eismann, Michael T. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A method to generate sub-pixel classification maps for use in DIRSIG three-dimensional models SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Registration; fusion; synthetic imagery; DIRSIG; hyperspectral imagery; classification AB Developing new remote sensing instruments is a costly and time consuming process. The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model gives users the ability to create synthetic images for a proposed sensor before building it. However, to produce synthetic images, DIRSIG requires facetized, three-dimensional models attributed with spectral and texture information which can themselves be costly and time consuming to produce. Recent work has been successful in generating these scenes using an automated method when coincident Hyper Spectral Imagery (HSI), LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), and high-resolution imagery of a site are available. An important step in this process is attributing the three-dimensional information gained from the LIDAR with spectral information gained from the HSI. Previous work was able to do this attribution at the resolution of the HSI, but the HSI is generally at the lowest resolution of the three modalities. Due to the highly accurate method used to register the HSI, LIDAR, and high-resolution imagery, the potential for bringing additional information into the classification process exists. This paper will present a method to generate classification maps at or near the resolution of the high-resolution imagery component of the fused imagery. Initial results using this new method are provided and are promising in terms of their ability to ultimately help produce higher fidelity DIRSIG models. C1 [Givens, Ryan N.; Walli, Karl C.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eismann, Michael T.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Givens, RN (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR 87430Q DI 10.1117/12.2015397 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800022 ER PT S AU Meola, J Absi, A Leonard, JD Ifarraguerri, AI Islam, MN Alexander, VV Zadnik, J AF Meola, Joseph Absi, Anthony Leonard, James D. Ifarraguerri, Agustin I. Islam, Mohammed N. Alexander, Vinay V. Zadnik, Jerome BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Modeling, development, and testing of a shortwave infrared supercontinuum laser source for use in active hyperspectral imaging SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; supercontinuum; active; shortwave infrared AB A fundamental limitation of current visible through shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging systems is the dependence on solar illumination. This reliance limits the operability of such systems to small windows during which the sun provides enough solar radiation to achieve adequate signal levels. Similarly, nighttime collection is infeasible. This work discusses the development and testing of a high-powered super-continuum laser for potential use as an on-board illumination source coupled with a hyperspectral receiver to allow for day/night operability. A 5-watt shortwave infrared supercontinuum laser was developed, characterized in the lab, and tower-tested along a 1.6km slant path to demonstrate propagation capability as a spectral light source. C1 [Meola, Joseph; Absi, Anthony; Leonard, James D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR 87431D DI 10.1117/12.2015940 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800043 ER PT S AU Lu, CA Flores, A Bochove, E Roach, WP Smirnov, V Glebov, LB AF Lu, Chunte A. Flores, Angel Bochove, Erik Roach, William P. Smirnov, Vadim Glebov, Leonid B. BE Hendow, ST TI Active Coherent Superposition of Five Fiber Amplifiers at 670W using Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratings SO FIBER LASERS X: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers X - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Fiber laser; Volume gratings; Laser beam combination AB We present an experimental study on active coherent combining of five Yb (Ytterbium)-doped fiber laser amplifiers that employs multiplexed volume Bragg gratings (MVBGs), reporting a combining efficiency of 82% and near-diffraction limited beam quality at a combined input power of 380 W, and 70% combining efficiency with equal beam quality at 670 W input power. C1 [Lu, Chunte A.; Flores, Angel; Bochove, Erik; Roach, William P.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, CA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9370-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8601 AR 86011A DI 10.1117/12.2001854 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHE44 UT WOS:000325162800029 ER PT S AU Naderi, S Dajani, I Madden, T Ward, B Robin, C Grosek, J AF Naderi, Shadi Dajani, Iyad Madden, Timothy Ward, Benjamin Robin, Craig Grosek, Jake BE Hendow, ST TI Numerical studies of modal instabilities in high-power fiber amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS X: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers X - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Modal instabilities; Yb-doped fiber amplifiers; Gain-tailored fiber; Photonic crystal fiber; High power fiber amplifiers ID LASERS AB We present a detailed time-dependent numerical model of the modal instability phenomenon observed in Yb-doped fiber amplifiers. The thermal effects are captured by solving the heat equation in polar coordinate using a 2D, second-order, time-dependent, alternating direction implicit (ADI) method. The model captures the three power-dependent regions that are characteristic of the transfer of energy between the fundamental mode and the higher-order mode as a function of time. It is also shown that for the fiber configuration investigated, the modal instability threshold scales linearly over a wide range with the seed power. Furthermore, we present numerical results indicating that gain tailoring can increase the threshold. Two different gain-tailored fiber designs are simulated and compared. C1 [Naderi, Shadi; Dajani, Iyad; Madden, Timothy; Robin, Craig; Grosek, Jake] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Naderi, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9370-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8601 AR 86013F DI 10.1117/12.2006571 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHE44 UT WOS:000325162800088 ER PT S AU Robin, C Dajani, I Zernigue, C Flores, A Pulford, B Lanari, A Naderi, S AF Robin, Craig Dajani, Iyad Zernigue, Clint Flores, Angel Pulford, Ben Lanari, Ann Naderi, Shadi BE Hendow, ST TI Pseudo-random binary sequence phase modulation in high power Yb-doped fiber amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS X: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers X - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE PRBS; stimulated Brillouin scattering; fiber amplifier; narrow linewidth; phase modulation ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; NOISE AB We present experimental and theoretical studies on the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold in fiber amplifiers seeded with a spectrally broadened single-frequency laser source. An electro-optic phase modulator is driven with various pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) patterns to highlight the unique characteristics of this linewidth broadening technique and its facility in SBS mitigation. Theoretical predictions show a variation in SBS suppression based on PRBS pattern and modulation frequency. These predictions are experimentally investigated in a kilowatt level monolithic fiber amplifier operating with near diffraction-limited beam quality. We also show Rayleigh scattering and other sources of back reflected light in phase modulated signals can seed the SBS process and significantly reduce the nonlinear threshold. C1 [Robin, Craig; Dajani, Iyad; Flores, Angel; Pulford, Ben; Lanari, Ann; Naderi, Shadi] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robin, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9370-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8601 AR 86010Z DI 10.1117/12.2004486 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHE44 UT WOS:000325162800023 ER PT S AU Wang, M Canteenwala, T Nalla, V Tan, LS Ji, W Chiang, LY AF Wang, Min Canteenwala, Taizoon Nalla, Venkatram Tan, Loon-Seng Ji, Wei Chiang, Long Y. BE Guldi, DM Fenton, JM Simonian, A TI Synthesis of C-60-Antenna Nanostructure-Based Fullerosome Vesicles for Ultrafast Nonlinear Photonic Applications SO FULLERENES, NANOTUBES, AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES - 221ST ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 06-10, 2012 CL Seattle, WA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes, Nanotubes, & Carbon Nanostructures, Energy Technol, Sensor ID C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTION; C-60; DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE; MOLECULES AB We designed and synthesized amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycolated) C-60-(light-harvesting fluorene antenna) nanostructures C-60(>DPAF-EG(12)C(1)) by incorporating a donor-acceptor antenna component of C-60-DPAF with highly hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) (EGn) side-chains to increase the amphiphilicity of the molecule. The chain length of EGn arms was selected to match with the overall molecular radius and to achieve a balance between the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of resulting molecules Molecular self-assembly of C-60(>DPAF-EG(12)C(1)) forming bilayered fullerosome nanovesicles led to the observation of ultrafast femtosecond nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption characteristics. Two-photon absorption phenomena were found to be the dominating photophysical events showing a large molar concentration-insensitive 2PA cross-section value equivalent to 8500 GM in a form of vesicles, on average, at the estimated effective nanovesicle concentration as low as 5.5 x 10 (8) MV (molecular molar concentration of 5.0 x 10(-4) M) in H2O. C1 [Wang, Min; Canteenwala, Taizoon; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Nalla, Venkatram; Ji, Wei] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. [Tan, Loon-Seng] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Nalla, Venkatram/A-2139-2009; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Nalla, Venkatram/0000-0003-4535-290X; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183]; National University of Singapore [R-144-000-213-112] FX The authors at UML thank the financial support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the grant number FA9550-09-1-0380 and FA9550-09-1-0183. The authors are also grateful to the financial support from the National University of Singapore under the research Grant number R-144-000-213-112. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-388-9; 978-1-62332-036-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 45 IS 20 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1149/04520.0003ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BHH04 UT WOS:000325396600001 ER PT S AU Borton, PT Check, MH Turner, DB Dudis, DS AF Borton, P. T. Check, M. H. Turner, D. B. Dudis, D. S. BE Guldi, DM Fenton, JM Simonian, A TI Preparation and Characterization of New Fulleride Materials for Thermoelectric Applications SO FULLERENES, NANOTUBES, AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES - 221ST ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 06-10, 2012 CL Seattle, WA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes, Nanotubes, & Carbon Nanostructures, Energy Technol, Sensor ID C-60; SCATTERING; FILMS AB A wide variety of fullerene based materials has shown great promise for energy conversion applications such as thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. With their intrinsically low thermal conductivities, fullerene based materials may offer several advantages for thermoelectric applications over traditional inorganic based thermoelectric materials. Fulleride materials have already shown electrical properties spanning from the insulative to superconductive regimes. In order to rapidly advance the development of new transition metal fullerides, a thin film approach, novel wet chemical method, and chemical vapor deposition method were explored. Materials formed from these synthesis routes have been found to retain their low thermal conductivities. A present focus is on Raman spectral analysis for preliminary determination of the materials' stoichiometries. C1 [Borton, P. T.; Check, M. H.; Turner, D. B.; Dudis, D. S.] AF Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Dudis, DS (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-388-9; 978-1-62332-036-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 45 IS 20 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1149/04520.0015ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BHH04 UT WOS:000325396600002 ER PT S AU Grabinski, C Schlager, J Hussain, S AF Grabinski, Christin Schlager, John Hussain, Saber BE Bergese, P HamadSchifferli, K TI Hyperspectral Microscopy for Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Media and Cells for Toxicity Assessment SO NANOMATERIAL INTERFACES IN BIOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Hyperspectral microscopy; Hyperspectral imaging; Light scattering; Plasmonic nanoparticles; Agglomeration; Cellular interaction ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SINGLE GOLD; LIVE CELLS; SCATTERING; SIZE; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; NANOMATERIALS; SENSITIVITY AB Nanoparticles (NPs) are being implemented in a wide range of applications, and it is critical to proactively investigate their toxicity. Due to the extensive range of NPs being produced, in vitro studies are a valuable approach for toxicity screening. Key information required to support in vitro toxicity assessments include NP stability in biologically relevant media and fate once exposed to cells. Hyperspectral microscopy is a sensitive, real-time technique that combines the use of microscopy and spectroscopy for the measurement of the reflectance spectrum at individual pixels in a micrograph. This method has been used extensively for molecular imaging with plasmonic NPs as contrast agents (Aaron et al., Opt Express 16: 2153-2167, 2008; Kumar et al., Nano Lett 7: 1338-1343, 2007; Wax and Sokolov, Laser Photon Rev 3: 146-158, 2009; Curry et al., Opt Express 14: 6535-6542, 2006; Curry et al., J Biomed Opt 13: 014022, 2008; Cognet et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 11350-11355, 2003; Sokolov et al., Cancer Res 63: 19992004, 2003; Snnichsen et al., Nat Biotechnol 23: 741-745, 2005; Nusz et al., Anal Chem 80: 984-989, 2008) and/or sensors (Nusz et al., Anal Chem 80: 984-989, 2008; Ungureanu et al., Sens Actuators B 150: 529-536, 2010; McFarland and Van Duyne, Nano Lett 3: 1057-1062, 2003; Galush et al., Nano Lett 9: 2077-2082, 2009; El-Sayed et al., Nano Lett 5: 829-834, 2005). Here we describe an approach for using hyperspectral microscopy to characterize the agglomeration and stability of plasmonic NPs in biological media and their interactions with cells. C1 [Grabinski, Christin; Schlager, John; Hussain, Saber] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. RP Grabinski, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-462-3; 978-1-62703-461-6 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2013 VL 1025 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1007/978-1-62703-462-3_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-462-3 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHH99 UT WOS:000325474000014 PM 23918337 ER PT S AU Allen, MS Allen, JW Wenner, BR Look, DC Leedy, KD AF Allen, M. S. Allen, J. W. Wenner, B. R. Look, D. C. Leedy, K. D. BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Application of highly conductive ZnO to plasmonics SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices IV CY FEB 03-06, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE conducting oxide; transparent; plasmon; subwavelength; waveguide ID OPTICS; AL AB Plasmonics combines attractive features of nanoelectronics and optics enabling highly integrated, dense subwavelength optical components and electronic circuits which will help alleviate the speed-bottleneck in important technologies such as information processing and computing. The wide application of plasmonic devices hinges on practical demonstrations with low losses at standard optical wavelengths such as near infrared, visible, telecom, etc. Conventional plasmonic devices, based on noble metals, suffer from large losses in these frequency regimes and are difficult to compensate completely by simply adding gain material. Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as ZnO are good alternatives to metals for plasmonic applications in the optical regime since they exhibit high conductivity and relatively small negative real permittivity values necessary for practical plasmonic devices. Ga-doped ZnO layers were grown on Al2O3 at 200 degrees C by pulsed laser deposition in Ar ambient. The electrical properties, determined by the Hall effect, were: rho = 2.95x 10(-4) Omega-cm; mu = 25.3 cm(2)/V-s; and n = 8.36 x 10(20) cm(-3). These values of mu and n were used to predict optical properties through the Drude dielectric function. Reflection measurements confirmed the Hall-effect predictions. The optical and electrical properties of the material were used to design insulator-metal-insulator (in our case, Quartz-ZnO-polymer) waveguides for long range plasmons using full-wave electromagnetic models built with finite element method simulations. The models were used to predict the behavior of ZnO as well as examine the effect of device geometry on propagation length and losses of the plasmon mode. C1 [Allen, M. S.; Allen, J. W.; Wenner, B. R.; Leedy, K. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wyle Lab Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Monica.Allen@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate 2012 Entrepreneurial Research Fund Program FX The authors are thankful for the funding support through the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate 2012 Entrepreneurial Research Fund Program. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9395-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8626 AR 862605 DI 10.1117/12.2001613 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHG44 UT WOS:000325342500005 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Hu, X Chen, GX Zhang, XR Tan, ZQ Chen, JH Ruoff, RS Zhu, YW Lu, YL AF Zhao, Yuan Hu, Xiang Chen, Guanxiong Zhang, Xuanru Tan, Ziqi Chen, Junhua Ruoff, Rodney S. Zhu, Yanwu Lu, Yalin TI Infrared biosensors based on graphene plasmonics: modeling SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; WAVE-GUIDES; RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; FILMS; OPTICS; TRANSISTORS; NANOTUBES; PLATFORM; SENSORS AB We propose a biosensor by exploiting localized plasmons in graphene and biomolecule adsorption on it. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the sensitivity of such a device can achieve a high value of up to 1697 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) when the wavelength shift at the plasmon resonance is detected. The transparent substrate supporting graphene can be chosen potentially from a wide range of materials including insulators, semiconductors, polymers, and gels. The plasmon resonance wavelength can be tuned with electrostatic doping and/or structure modulation of graphene. Furthermore, the device works in a wide angle range of incident light since the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization is independent of incident angles. C1 [Zhao, Yuan; Chen, Guanxiong; Tan, Ziqi; Chen, Junhua; Zhu, Yanwu; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Yuan; Chen, Guanxiong; Tan, Ziqi; Chen, Junhua; Zhu, Yanwu; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Hu, Xiang; Zhang, Xuanru; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Ruoff, Rodney S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ruoff, Rodney S.] Univ Texas Austin, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhu, YW (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM zhuyanwu@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Zhu, Yanwu/C-8979-2012; Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; China Government 1000 Plan Talent Program; China MOE NCET Program; USTC Startup; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); DTRA [HDTRA 12221] FX The authors appreciate the financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001). Y. Zhu thanks support from China Government 1000 Plan Talent Program, China MOE NCET Program and USTC Startup. Y. Lu thanks support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and DTRA (HDTRA 12221). NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 72 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 40 BP 17118 EP 17125 DI 10.1039/c3cp51952j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231EX UT WOS:000325398500013 PM 24005890 ER PT S AU Lester, LF Grillot, F Naderi, NA Kovanis, V AF Lester, L. F. Grillot, F. Naderi, N. A. Kovanis, V. BE Witzigmann, B Osinski, M Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y TI Differential Gain Enhancement in a Quantum Dash Laser Using Strong Optical Injection SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XXI CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Semiconductor lasers; quantum dots; optical injection; differential gain; linewidth enhancement factor ID DOT LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; MODULATION BANDWIDTH; WELL LASERS; LINEWIDTH; RELAXATION; PERFORMANCE; THRESHOLD; STATES AB Increased differential gain is typically realized through strain, quantum confinement, or p-type doping in the active region. These methods have been applied to quantum dots or dashes to raise the differential gain with limited success because the optical gain of these low dimensional systems saturates at modest values. Instead larger differential gain can be accessed at wavelengths blue-shifted from the gain peak and close to optical transparency using the threshold shift induced by optical injection. Using these approaches, greater than 50X improvement in the differential gain has been achieved in an injection-locked QDash FP laser compared to its free-running value. C1 [Lester, L. F.; Naderi, N. A.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Grillot, F.] CNRS LTCL, Ecole Natl Superieure Telecommun, F-75634 Paris, France. [Kovanis, V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lester, LF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM lflester@unm.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-1-0085, FA9550-10-1-0276]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Laboratory Research Initiation Request (LRIR) [09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by United States Air Force Research Laboratory under grant numbers FA8750-06-1-0085 and FA9550-10-1-0276. V. Kovanis work was supported via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Laboratory Research Initiation Request LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9388-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8619 AR 861907 DI 10.1117/12.2004365 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHH49 UT WOS:000325433900004 ER PT S AU Raghunathan, R Mee, JK Crowley, MT Grillot, F Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Raghunathan, R. Mee, J. K. Crowley, M. T. Grillot, F. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. BE Witzigmann, B Osinski, M Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y TI Modeling and Characterization of Pulse Shape and Pulse Train Dynamics in Two-Section Passively Mode-Locked Quantum Dot Lasers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XXI CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum dot lasers; nonlinear dynamics; delay differential equation model; passive mode-locking; harmonic mode-locking; pulse characteristics ID SEGMENTED CONTACT METHOD; GAIN AB A nonlinear delay differential equation model for passive mode-locking in semiconductor lasers, seeded with parameters extracted from the gain and loss spectra of a quantum dot laser, is employed to simulate and study the dynamical regimes of mode-locked operation of the device. The model parameter ranges corresponding to these regimes are then mapped to externally-controllable parameters such as gain current and absorber bias voltage. Using this approach, a map indicating the approximate regions corresponding to fundamental and harmonically mode locked operation is constructed as a function of gain current and absorber bias voltage. This is shown to be a highly useful method of getting a sense of the highest repetition rates achievable in principle with a simple, two-section device, and provides a guideline toward achieving higher repetition rates by simply adjusting external biasing conditions instantaneously while the device is in operation, as opposed to re-engineering the device with additional passive or saturable absorber sections. The general approach could potentially aid the development of numerical modeling techniques aimed at providing a systematic guideline geared toward developing microwave and RF photonic sources for THz applications. C1 [Raghunathan, R.; Mee, J. K.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Mee, J. K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87120 USA. [Crowley, M. T.] BinOpt Corp, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Grillot, F.] CNRS LTCI, Ecole Natl Superieure Telecommun, Telecom Paristech, F-75634 Paris, France. [Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raghunathan, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM raghunat@unm.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0276, FA9550-10-1-0463]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0903448]; Silicon Research Corporation [SRC-2009-HJ-2000] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grants FA9550-10-1-0276 and FA9550-10-1-0463, the National Science Foundation under grant ECCS-0903448 and by the Silicon Research Corporation under contract SRC-2009-HJ-2000. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9388-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8619 AR 86190C DI 10.1117/12.2005434 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHH49 UT WOS:000325433900009 ER PT S AU Biswas, S Duan, JS Mahalingam, K Nepal, D Pachter, R Drummy, L Brown, D Vaia, RA AF Biswas, Sushmita Duan, Jinsong Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Nepal, Dhriti Pachter, Ruth Drummy, Larry Brown, Dean Vaia, Richard A. BE Stockman, MI TI Coherent plasmonic engineering in self-assembled reduced symmetry nanostructures SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties XI CY AUG 25-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fano resonances; dark plasmon modes; gold nanorods; Dolmens; self-assembly; plasmon induced transparency; metamaterials ID FANO RESONANCES; GOLD NANORODS; TRANSFORMATION-OPTICS; LIGHT; NANOPLASMONICS; METAMATERIALS; NANOCAVITIES; MONOLAYERS; DIMERS; MODES AB Multiple coherent effects including Fano resonances are observed in self-assembled reduced symmetry gold nanorod systems, in particular Dolmen configurations. The bottom-up chemical method provides high quality units and assemblies (single crystal with low surface roughness and sub 5 nm gaps) that reduce radiative losses from the plasmonic structures. Multiple dark and bright plasmonic resonances are observed in optical dark-field scattering measurements and electron energy loss spectroscopy. These high fidelity structures and narrow resonances are promising for future design of high figure of merit sensors, ultrafast switches and slow light devices for optical information processing. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita; Duan, Jinsong; Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Nepal, Dhriti; Pachter, Ruth; Drummy, Larry; Brown, Dean; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biswas, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Sushmita.Biswas.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9659-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8809 DI 10.1117/12.2024038 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHH43 UT WOS:000325429400026 ER PT S AU Cleary, JW Esfahani, NN Vangala, S Guo, JP Hendrickson, JR Leedy, KD Thomson, D Look, DC AF Cleary, Justin W. Esfahani, Nima Nader Vangala, Shivashankar Guo, Junpeng Hendrickson, Joshua R. Leedy, Kevin D. Thomson, Darren Look, David C. BE Stockman, MI TI Long-wavelength infrared surface plasmons on Ga-doped ZnO films excited via 2D hole arrays for extraordinary optical transmission SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties XI CY AUG 25-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE plasmonics; infrared; EOT; doped zinc oxides ID RESONANCE BIOSENSORS; SILICON; SILICIDES AB Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through highly conductive ZnO films with sub-wavelength hole arrays is investigated in the long-wavelength infrared regime. EOT is facilitated by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and can be tuned utilizing the physical structure size such as period. Pulse laser deposited Ga-doped ZnO has been shown to have fluctuations in optical and electrical parameters based on fabrication techniques, providing a complimentary tuning means. The sub-wavelength 2D hole arrays are fabricated in the Ga-doped ZnO films via standard lithography and etching processes. Optical reflection measurements completed with a microscope coupled FTIR system contain absorption resonances that are in agreement with analytical theories for excitation of SPPs on 2D structures. EOT through Ga-doped ZnO is numerically demonstrated at wavelengths where SPPs are excited. This highly conductive ZnO EOT structure may prove useful in novel integrated components such as tunable biosensors or surface plasmon coupling mechanisms. C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Esfahani, Nima Nader; Vangala, Shivashankar; Guo, Junpeng; Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Leedy, Kevin D.; Thomson, Darren; Look, David C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Justin.Cleary@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9659-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8809 AR 88090L DI 10.1117/12.2022278 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHH43 UT WOS:000325429400004 ER PT S AU Pustovit, VN Urbas, AM Shahbazyan, TV AF Pustovit, Vitaliy N. Urbas, Augustine M. Shahbazyan, Tigran V. BE Stockman, MI TI Cooperative resonance energy transfer in plasmonic systems SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties XI CY AUG 25-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE energy transfer; FRET; surface plasmon; superradiance ID SINGLE METAL-PARTICLE; QUANTUM DOTS; DIELECTRIC PARTICLES; TRANSFER FRET; FLUORESCENCE; SURFACE; MOLECULES; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; MICROCAVITY AB We study cooperative effects in energy transfer from an ensemble of donors to an acceptor near a plasmonic nanostructure. We demonstrate that plasmonic coupling between donors changes the energy content of the system and hence dramatically affects transfer of its energy to an outside acceptor. When donors are situated in a close proximity to the metal surface, the transfer is strongly reduced relative to one from independent donors due to additional dissipation caused by plasmon exchange between individual donors. With increasing donors' separation from the metal, dissipation becomes less prevalent and the system transitions to cooperative regime described by plasmonic superradiant and subradiant eigenstates. We find that energy transfer from either one is significantly (similar to 10) more efficient than from independent donors due to much stronger coupling of superradiant states to the acceptor and much weaker damping of subradiant states. We develop a theory for cooperative plasmon-enhanced energy transfer and present numerical results demonstrating the amplification effect for a layer of donors and an acceptor on spherical plasmonic nanoparticle. C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy N.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pustovit, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9659-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8809 AR 880911 DI 10.1117/12.2024163 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHH43 UT WOS:000325429400010 ER PT S AU Lowry, H Bynum, K Steely, S Nicholson, R Horne, H AF Lowry, H. Bynum, K. Steely, S. Nicholson, R. Horne, H. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Development of Tools, Technologies, and Methodologies for Imaging Sensor Testing SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVIII CY MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE HWIL; cryovacuum testing; imaging sensors; infrared; scene projection; radiometric sources; mission simulation; scene generation; calibration AB Ground testing of space- and air-borne imaging sensor systems is supported by Vis-to-LWIR imaging sensor calibration and characterization, as well as hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation with high-fidelity complex scene projection to validate sensor mission performance. To accomplish this successfully, there must be the development of tools, technologies, and methodologies that are used in space simulation chambers for such testing. This paper provides an overview of such efforts being investigated and implemented at Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC). C1 [Lowry, H.; Bynum, K.; Steely, S.; Nicholson, R.; Horne, H.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, H (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold AFB, TN USA. EM heard.lowry@arnold.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9498-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8707 AR 87070B DI 10.1117/12.2012856 PG 15 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHG97 UT WOS:000325393300007 ER PT S AU Maize, K Heller, E Dorsey, D Shakouri, A AF Maize, Kerry Heller, Eric Dorsey, Donald Shakouri, Ali GP IEEE TI Fast Transient Thermoreflectance CCD Imaging of Pulsed Self Heating in AlGaN/GaN Power Transistors SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 14-18, 2013 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Texas Instruments, Cisco Syst, Cadence, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, Mentor Graph, Samsung AB Pulsed thermoreflectance CCD imaging with submicron spatial resolution and 50 millikelvin temperature resolution is used to study fast transient heating in gallium nitride high electron mobility power transistors (GaN HEMTs) on silicon carbide substrate. Transient surface temperature distribution is measured between 50 ns and 100 mu s for pulsed power to 19 W/mm. Time evolution of surface temperature for different HEMT regions is analyzed. Significant variation is observed between the thermal rise times for the gate metal, GaN channel, and drain metal. Steady state temperature rise of 68 degrees C on the drain contact metal is reached at 100 mu s at 19 W/mm. Observation of time varying thermal gradients in critical HEMT features under fast pulsed operation may help understanding of reliability and failure mechanisms in GaN power transistors. C1 [Maize, Kerry] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shakouri, Ali] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Maize, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kerry@soe.ucsc.edu; shakouri@purdue.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4799-0113-5; 978-1-4799-0112-8 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2013 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD78 UT WOS:000325097500119 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Kim, M Mahalingam, K Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Grazulis, L AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Kim, M. Mahalingam, K. Elhamri, S. Mitchel, W. C. Grazulis, L. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Exploring optimum growth window for high quality InAs/InGaSb superlattice materials SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIX CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; INFRARED DETECTORS; MU-M; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PHOTODIODES; CUTOFF AB We report ternary growth studies to develop a largely strained InAs/InGaSb superlattice (SL) material for very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detection. We select a SL structure of 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom In0.25Ga0.75Sb that theoretically designed for the greatest possible detectivity, and tune growth conditions for the best possible material quality. Since material quality of grown SLs is largely influenced by extrinsic defects such as nonradiative recombination centers and residual background dopings in the grown layers, we investigate the effect of growth temperature (T-g) on the spectral responses and charge carrier transports using photoconductivity and temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements. Results indicate that molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth process we developed produces a consistent gap near 50 meV within a range of few meV, but SL spectral sensing determined by photoresponse (PR) intensity is very sensitive to the minor changes in T-g. For the SLs grown from 390 to 470 degrees C, a PR signal gradually increases as T-g increases from 400 to 440 degrees C by reaching a maximum at 440 degrees C. Outside this growth window, the SL quality deteriorates very rapidly. All SLs grown for this study were n-type, but the mobility varied in a variety of range between 11,300 and 21 cm(2)/Vs. The mobility of the SL grown at 440 degrees C was approximately 10,000 V/cm(2) with a sheet carrier concentration of 5 x 10(11) cm(-2), but the mobility precipitously dropped to 21 cm(2)/Vs at higher temperatures. Using the knowledge we learned from this growth set, other growth parameters for the MBE ternary SL growth should be further adjusted in order to achieve high performance of InAs/InGaSb materials suitable for VLWIR detection. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Kim, M.; Mahalingam, K.; Mitchel, W. C.; Grazulis, L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9495-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8704 AR 870413 DI 10.1117/12.2015314 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHF60 UT WOS:000325262800035 ER PT S AU Darafsheh, A Limberopoulos, NI Lupu, A Astratov, VN AF Darafsheh, Arash Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Lupu, Anatole Astratov, Vasily N. BE Broquin, JE Conti, GN TI Filtering of radially polarized beams by microsphere-chain waveguides SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Photonics West Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Microoptics; microspheres; periodically focused mode; radial polarization; geometrical optics design ID TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; PHOTONIC NANOJETS; LIGHT; MODES AB It is shown that microsphere-chain waveguides have strong polarization-dependent attenuation properties that can be used for developing passive filters of radially polarized beams. By using numerical modeling, it is demonstrated that the principle of operation of such devices is based on filtering periodically focused modes in chains of dielectric spheres occurring for a narrow range of indices of refraction 1.7 crystallographic directions. All six orientations were obtained simultaneously when growing NWs on the (0001) substrate surface, while only one or two NW orientations were observed when growing NWs on any particular crystallographic plane parallel to the c-axis of the substrate. Growth on {101-0} surfaces resulted in only one NW orientation, thereby producing well-aligned NW arrays. Preliminary measurements of the NW electrical conductivity are reported utilizing two-terminal device geometry. C1 [Koshka, Yaroslav; Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat K.] Mississippi State Univ, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM yKoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9670-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8820 AR 88200M DI 10.1117/12.2026938 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHH36 UT WOS:000325420200006 ER PT J AU Sun, SJ Ling, YH Peng, RR Liu, M Mao, XY Chen, XB Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Sun, Shujie Ling, Yihan Peng, Ranran Liu, Min Mao, Xiangyu Chen, Xiaobing Knize, Randy J. Lu, Yalin TI Synthesis of Ni-substituted Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 ceramics and their superior room temperature multiferroic properties SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID AURIVILLIUS PHASES; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; CO; FERROELECTRICS; BI5FETI3O15; BI4TI3O12; CRYSTAL; SYSTEM AB Layer- structured bismuth complex oxides Bi7Fe3-xNixTi3O21 (0 <= x <= 2) (BFNT) were synthesized using a low- temperature combustion synthesis method. X- ray diffraction patterns and high- resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the samples presented a six- layer Aurivillius structure. Substituting Fe sites by Ni ions inside the lattice was found to be effective in enhancing the multiferroic properties at or above the room- temperature. The sample with a composition of x = 1 exhibited a large remnant magnetization (2M(r) = 1.32 emu g(-1)) that is about five hundred times higher than that in unsubstituted Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 ceramics. The work is an important step in the effort to find a single phase and a fully functioning multiferroic material. C1 [Sun, Shujie; Ling, Yihan; Peng, Ranran; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Mao, Xiangyu; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Knize, Randy J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peng, RR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM pengrr@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Sun, Shujie/N-1421-2016 OI Sun, Shujie/0000-0001-7079-8378 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51072193]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (51072193). Y. Lu and R. J. Knize also appreciate the support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 40 BP 18567 EP 18572 DI 10.1039/c3ra42589d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226AM UT WOS:000325006600048 ER PT S AU Allen, JW Wu, BI AF Allen, J. W. Wu, B-I. BE Sadwick, LP OSullivan, CM TI Design and fabrication of an RF GRIN lens using 3D printing technology SO TERAHERTZ, RF, MILLIMETER, AND SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications VI CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE gradient lens; RF; metamaterial; electromagnetic; 3D printing ID METAMATERIALS AB Electromagnetic media and metamaterials have been explored in frequency regimes ranging from the acoustic to the visible domain over the past decade. A large part of the design, fabrication and prototyping of such materials has focused on planar structures and devices have been demonstrated primarily for certain propagation directions and/or defined polarization. Here, we present the design of a focusing GRadient INdex (GRIN) lens that operates at RF frequencies and is not polarization constrained. We compare the theoretical and experimental results from this lens designed to operate at X-band and fabricated using 3D printing technology to implement the effective medium. The lens with radially varying refractive index gradient was designed, optimized and analyzed by conducting full-wave simulations finite-element method based software. The permittivity was estimated by effective medium theory and calculated using HFSS (R). The optimized design was used to fabricate the GRIN lens with isotropic, inhomogenous dielectric material. The refractive index was designed to match the theoretical results using mixing ratio of air/voids and a polymer. Further, we used the refractive index profile to predict the rays' trajectories and focus length to compare them to those predicted by the FEM simulations. The field distributions were also analyzed to compare performance of the theoretical design to the fabricated lens and were found to be in good agreement with each other. C1 [Allen, J. W.; Wu, B-I.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allen, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Allen@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9393-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8624 AR 86240V DI 10.1117/12.2000708 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHE01 UT WOS:000325112300022 ER PT S AU Esfahani, NN Peale, RE Buchwald, WR Hendrickson, JR Cleary, JW AF Esfahani, Nima Nader Peale, Robert E. Buchwald, Walter R. Hendrickson, Joshua R. Cleary, Justin W. BE Sadwick, LP OSullivan, CM TI Millimeter and terahertz detectors based on plasmon excitation in InGaAs/InP HEMT devices SO TERAHERTZ, RF, MILLIMETER, AND SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications VI CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE HEMT; Plasmon; terahertz; Graphene; 2DEG; detector ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Recent progress in the investigation of millimeter-wave and THz detectors based on plasmon excitation in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is reported. A tunable resonant polarized photoresponse to mm-wave radiation in the frequency range of 40 to 110 GHz is demonstrated for a grating-gated InGaAs/InP based device. The gate consisted of a metal grating with period of 9 mu m specifically designed for excitation of sub-THz plasmons. The resonant excitation of plasmons, which shifts with gate-bias, changes the channel conductance. This resonant change in channel conductance enables potential applications in chip-scale frequency-agile detectors, which can be scaled to mid-THz frequencies. C1 [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Esfahani, Nima Nader; Buchwald, Walter R.] Solid State Scientif Corp, Nashua 03060, NEW HAMPSHIRE. [Buchwald, Walter R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Cleary, Justin W.] AF Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Esfahani, NN (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR [12RY10COR]; Air Force office of Scientific Research [FA95501010030] FX NNE and JWC would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under LRIR number 12RY10COR. REP acknowledges support by the Air Force office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under grant number FA95501010030. JRH would also like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under LRIR number 12RY05COR. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9393-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8624 AR 86240Q DI 10.1117/12.2006137 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHE01 UT WOS:000325112300019 ER PT B AU Carrano, CS Basu, S Basu, S MacKenzie, E Groves, KM Pedersen, TR Holmes, JM AF Carrano, Charles S. Basu, Santimay Basu, Sunanda MacKenzie, Eileen Groves, Keith M. Pedersen, Todd R. Holmes, Jeffrey M. GP IEEE TI Structure of Polar Cap Patches and Fast Shear Flows Following the CME Impact on 22 January 2012 Inferred from GPS Scintillation Spectra SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Carrano, Charles S.; Basu, Santimay; Basu, Sunanda; MacKenzie, Eileen; Groves, Keith M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Pedersen, Todd R.; Holmes, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Carrano, CS (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400016 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, Saba GP IEEE TI Wave Propagation in a Random Medium Layer with Rough Boundaries SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400155 ER PT J AU Huscroft, JR Hazen, BT Hall, DJ Hanna, JB AF Huscroft, Joseph R. Hazen, Benjamin T. Hall, Dianne J. Hanna, Joe B. TI Task-technology fit for reverse logistics performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Reverse logistics; Information systems; Task-technology fit; Innovativeness; Information; Innovation ID SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION; SUSTAINED COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS RESEARCH; GROUP SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE; STRUCTURATION THEORY; FIRM PERFORMANCE; ACCEPTANCE MODEL; USER ACCEPTANCE; IMPACT AB Purpose - Information technology is a key enabler of logistics performance. Unfortunately, most logistics information systems are implemented with forward logistics processes in mind, with little, if any, consideration for the reverse channel. Informed by task-technology fit theory, the authors aim to explore how use of complementary information technologies to support reverse logistics processes can lead to enhanced process performance. Design/methodology/approach - The authors use a survey method to gather data from logistics professionals who are positioned within various reverse logistics functions. Using reverse logistics processing effectiveness and reverse logistics cost effectiveness as dependent variables, the authors use multiple regression to examine the relationships between indicators of task-technology fit and reverse logistics performance. Findings - The authors' models explain 49 percent and 30 percent of the variance in reverse logistics cost effectiveness and processing effectiveness, respectively. Information technology use and reverse logistics technology innovativeness are shown to enhance levels of reverse logistics cost effectiveness; information system compatibility and reverse logistics technology innovativeness are shown to enhance levels of reverse logistics processing effectiveness. Research limitations/implications - Although limited by the sample frame, the authors' findings remain consistent with task-technology fit theory and suggest that employing information technologies that are designed to complement reverse logistics processes can lead to increased reverse logistics process performance. Practical implications - This study supports the notion that more attention should be given to reverse logistics processes. In order to achieve maximum return on investment, managers should consider allocating resources toward information technologies and systems that directly support reverse logistics. Originality/value - This research employs a theory that has seen little attention in the logistics literature to provide insight into how use of complementary information technology can enhance reverse logistics processes. C1 [Huscroft, Joseph R.] United States Air Force, Kadena Air Base, Kadena, Japan. [Hazen, Benjamin T.; Hall, Dianne J.; Hanna, Joe B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aviat & Supply Chain Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hazen, BT (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aviat & Supply Chain Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM benjamin.hazen@auburn.edu RI Hu, Albert/E-1722-2016; OI Huscroft, Joseph/0000-0001-9585-011X NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 43 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4093 EI 1758-6550 J9 INT J LOGIST MANAG JI Int. J. Logist. Manag. PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 BP 230 EP 246 DI 10.1108/IJLM-02-2012-0011 PG 17 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 220ST UT WOS:000324607900005 ER PT J AU Kyle, BG AF Kyle, Brent G. TI How Are Thick Terms Evaluative? SO PHILOSOPHERS IMPRINT LA English DT Article C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Kyle, BG (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MICHIGAN LIBRARY, MPUBLISHING PI ANN ARBOR PA 818 HATCHER GRADUATE LIBRARY SOUTH, 913 S UNIVERSITY AVE, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-1190 USA SN 1533-628X J9 PHILOS IMPRINT JI Philos. Impr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 224EI UT WOS:000324864900001 ER PT B AU Siegel, SG Fagley, C Romer, M McLaughlin, T AF Siegel, Stefan G. Fagley, Casey Roemer, Marcus McLaughlin, Thomas GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF IRREGULAR WAVE CANCELLATION USING A CYCLOIDAL WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Petrobras, ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arct Engn Div AB The ability of a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter (CycWEC) to cancel irregular deep ocean waves is investigated in a 1:300 scale wave tunnel experiment. A CycWEC consists of one or more hydrofoils attached equidistant to a shaft that is aligned parallel to the incoming waves. The entire device is fully submerged in operation. Wave cancellation requires synchronization of the rotation of the CycWEC with the incoming waves, as well as adjustment of the pitch angle of the blades in proportion to the wave height. The performance of a state estimator and controller that achieve this objective were investigated, using the signal from a resistive wave gage located up wave of the CycWEC as input. The CycWEC model used for the present investigations features two blades that are adjustable in pitch in real time. The performance of the CycWEC for both a superposition of two harmonic waves, as well as irregular waves following a Bretschneider spectrum is shown. Wave cancellation e cien-cies as determined by wave measurements of about 80% for the majority of the cases are achieved, with wave periods varying from 0.4s to 0.75s and significant wave heights of H-s approximate to 20mm. This demonstrates that the CycWEC can efficiently interact with irregular waves, which is in good agreement with earlier results obtained from numerical simulations. C1 [Siegel, Stefan G.; Fagley, Casey; Roemer, Marcus; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM stefan@siegels.us NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4494-6 PY 2013 BP 309 EP 320 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGX50 UT WOS:000324507000038 ER PT J AU Wie, JJ Lee, KM Smith, ML Vaia, RA White, TJ AF Wie, Jeong Jae Lee, Kyung Min Smith, Matthew L. Vaia, Richard A. White, Timothy J. TI Torsional mechanical responses in azobenzene functionalized liquid crystalline polymer networks SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ACTUATORS; LIGHT; PHOTODRIVEN; LOCOMOTION; SELECTION; FILM AB Soft materials capable of both planar and flexural-torsional responses could enable the development of soft robotic elements that emulate the dexterity and functionality of a multitude of creatures in the animal kingdom. Here, we examine the response of azobenzene-functionalized liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCNs) specifically focusing on realizing large magnitude flexural-torsional responses observed as out-of-plane twisting or coiling. Towards this end, azo-LCNs were prepared in either the twisted nematic (TN) or hybrid orientations. The characterization of the flexural-torsional photomechanical responses is complimented with examination of thermomechanical properties. The diverse range of tailorable photomechanical responses is shown to be strongly dependent on the alignment of the nematic director to the film geometry and the actinic light intensity. C1 [Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min; Smith, Matthew L.; Vaia, Richard A.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support. M.L.S. contributed to this work while he held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 39 BP 9303 EP 9310 DI 10.1039/c3sm51574e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 222TT UT WOS:000324755200006 ER PT S AU Goodin, C Durst, PJ Prevost, ZT Compton, PJ AF Goodin, Christopher Durst, Phillip J. Prevost, Zachary T. Compton, Patrick J. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI A probabilistic model for simulating the effect of airborne dust on ground-based LIDAR SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures IV CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE LIDAR; Dust; Optical Depth AB Field and laboratory measurements of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor interactions with dust have been performed for two types of common ground-based LIDAR sensors. A strong correlation (R-2 > 0.95) between the probability for a return from the dust and the optical depth of the dust was found in the analysis. Based on the experimental correlation, a probabilistic model for LIDAR interactions with dust was developed and verified in field experiments. Finally, the model was integrated into a high-fidelity ray-tracing simulation of LIDAR systems C1 [Goodin, Christopher; Durst, Phillip J.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Prevost, Zachary T.] Univ Mississippi, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Compton, Patrick J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Goodin, C (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM christopher.t.goodin@erdc.dren.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9525-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8734 AR UNSP 87340D DI 10.1117/12.2016434 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGK58 UT WOS:000323335100010 ER PT S AU Mehmood, A Clark, J Sakla, W AF Mehmood, Asif Clark, Jeffrey Sakla, Wesam BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Unmixing Hyperspectral Skin Data using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures IV CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral unmixing; non-negative matrix factorization (NMF); sourcese paration; endmembers; abundance; skin; dismount ID SEPARATION; ALGORITHM AB The ability to accurately detect a target of interest in a hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is largely dependent on the spatial and spectral resolution. While hyperspectral imaging provides high spectral resolution, the spatial resolution is mostly dependent on the optics and distance from the target. Many times the target of interest does not occupy a full pixel and thus is concealed within a pixel, i.e. the target signature is mixed with other constituent material signatures within the field of view of that pixel. Extraction of spectral signatures of constituent materials from a mixed pixel can assist in the detection of the target of interest. Hyperspectral unmixing is a process to identify the constituent materials and estimate the corresponding abundances from the mixture. In this paper, a framework based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is presented, which is utilized to extract the spectral signature and fractional abundance of human skin in a scene. The NMF technique is employed in a supervised manner such that the spectral bases of each constituent are computed first, and then these bases are applied to the mixed pixel. Experiments using synthetic and real data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides an effective supervised technique for hyperspectral unmixing of skin signatures. C1 [Mehmood, Asif; Clark, Jeffrey] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sakla, Wesam] US Air Force, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mehmood, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM asif.mehmood.ctr@afit.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9525-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8734 AR UNSP 87340O DI 10.1117/12.2016053 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGK58 UT WOS:000323335100018 ER PT S AU Potyrailo, R Naik, RR AF Potyrailo, Radislav Naik, Rajesh R. BE Clarke, DR TI Bionanomaterials and Bioinspired Nanostructures for Selective Vapor Sensing SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 43 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE vapor sensors; bionanomaterials; bioinspired nanostructures; multivariable individual sensors; wireless sensing; battery-independent sensor operation; distributed sensor networks; unobtrusive sensors ID IDENTIFICATION RFID SENSORS; COLLOIDAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; BUTTERFLY WING SCALES; PLASMA POLYMER-FILMS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHEMICAL SENSORS; ACOUSTIC-WAVE; BIOELECTRONIC NOSE; STRUCTURAL COLOR AB At present, monitoring of air at the workplace, in urban environments, and on battlefields; exhaled air from medical patients; air in packaged food containers; and so forth can be accomplished with different types of analytical instruments. Vapor sensors have their niche in these measurements when an unobtrusive, low-power, and cost-sensitive technical solution is required. Unfortunately, existing vapor sensors often degrade their vapor-quantitation accuracy in the presence of high levels of interferences and cannot quantitate several components in complex gas mixtures. Thus, new sensing approaches with improved sensor selectivity are required. This technological task can be accomplished by the careful design of sensing materials with new performance properties and by coupling these materials with the suitable physical transducers. This review is focused on the assessment of the capabilities of bionanomaterials and bioinspired nanostructures for selective vapor sensing. We demonstrate that these sensing materials can operate with diverse transducers based on electrical, mechanical, and optical readout principles and can provide vapor-response selectivity previously unattainable by using other sensing materials. This ability for selective vapor sensing provides opportunities to significantly impact the major directions in development and application scenarios of vapor sensors. C1 [Potyrailo, Radislav] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Potyrailo, R (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM potyrailo@crd.ge.com NR 159 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 13 U2 98 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1743-0 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2013 VL 43 BP 307 EP 334 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121710 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGR44 UT WOS:000323892700013 ER PT S AU Vehorn, KA DeSimio, MP Olson, SE Brown, KS Leonard, MS AF Vehorn, Keith A. DeSimio, Martin P. Olson, Steven E. Brown, Kevin S. Leonard, Matthew S. BE Kundu, T TI Stability of Guided Wave Signals from Bonded Piezoelectric Sensors SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 11-14, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE structural health monitoring; piezoelectric sensors; actuation cycling; thermal exposure; correlation coefficient; jitter correction ID DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION AB This study investigates the stability of guided wave signals generated and recorded from bonded piezoelectric sensor packages proposed for use in structural health monitoring systems. The study considers the effects of both actuation cycling and thermal exposure on the piezoelectric sensors. The tests are performed using polyimide film encapsulated piezoelectric sensors bonded to aluminum plates and a titanium wing attachment lug, with the testing specifically designed to avoid causing any damage to the host structure. Stability is quantified by computing a correlation coefficient between a reference signal and each test signal. The reference signal is recorded under the initial healthy condition, so any potential changes in the correlation coefficient value are attributed to aging effects. The effects of possible timing differences causing decreases in the correlation coefficient values are reduced by a jitter correction algorithm. The first set of experiments uses four aluminum plates held at constant temperature; four piezoelectric actuators on each plate transmit to a centrally located piezoelectric sensor. To investigate the effect of accumulated actuation cycles on the transducers, different numbers of actuation signals are applied to each set of four actuators. Each test is conducted for 150 blocks, with each of the four actuators producing either 1000, 500, 250, or 100 signals per block. Results from the testing are mixed, with some excitation/sensing paths remaining stable over the duration of all blocks while other paths show substantial changes, including clear trends of decreasing correlation coefficient values. In a second experiment, sensors on a titanium wing attachment lug are exposed to relatively benign levels of thermal exposure. Each test starts with the temperature at a selected baseline value of 120 degrees F. A series of ten elevated temperature exposures are applied with the exposure temperature increasing in 10 degrees F increments to 220 degrees F. The reference and test signals are collected after returning to the baseline temperature. As in the first set of experiments, results from the testing are mixed. Some excitation/sensing paths remain stable over the duration of the test, while others are substantially degraded. For both tests, the exact mechanism causing the instabilities remains unknown. However, the mixed outcomes suggest that the signal changes observed over the course of the collections may be due to flaws within the piezoelectric or electrode material of a specific sensor, or involve the adhesive bond between a particular sensor and the structure. C1 [Vehorn, Keith A.; DeSimio, Martin P.; Olson, Steven E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, Kevin S.; Leonard, Matthew S.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vehorn, KA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM keith.vehorn@udri.udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-11-D-3134] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Todd Bussey for his expertise in LabVIEW programming. The efforts of K. Vehorn, M. DeSimio, and S. Olson were funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Number FA8650-11-D-3134. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9478-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8695 AR UNSP 86952V DI 10.1117/12.2009733 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGI16 UT WOS:000323074200072 ER PT J AU Wang, T Van, KC Gavitt, BJ Grayson, JK Lu, YC Lyeth, BG Pichakron, KO AF Wang, Tao Van, Ken C. Gavitt, Brian J. Grayson, J. Kevin Lu, Yi-Cheng Lyeth, Bruce G. Pichakron, Kullada O. TI Effect of fish oil supplementation in a rat model of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries SO RESTORATIVE NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mild traumatic brain injury; omega-3 fatty acids; dietary supplementation; hippocampus; morris water maze ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; FLUID-PERCUSSION MODEL; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; HEAD TRAUMA; US SOLDIERS; HIPPOCAMPUS; IMPAIRMENT; CONCUSSION; COGNITION AB Purpose: Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major military and sports health concern. The purpose of this study was to determine if a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids would reduce cognitive deficits and neuronal cell death in a novel fluid percussion rat model of repetitive mild TBIs. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to either an experimental rat chow enhanced with 6% fish oil (source of omega-3 fatty acids) or a control rat chow. Both rat chows contained equivalent quantities of calories, oil, and nutrients. After four weeks, both groups received mild repetitive bilateral fluid percussion TBIs on two sequential days. Pre-injury diets were resumed, and the animals were monitored for two weeks. On post-injury days 10-14, Morris Water Maze testing was performed to assess spatial learning and cognitive function. Animals were euthanized at 14 days post-injury to obtain specimens for neurohistopathology. Results: There was no difference in pre-injury weight gain between groups. Post-injury, animals on the fish oil diet lost less weight and recovered their weight significantly faster. By 14 days, the fish oil diet group performed significantly better in the Morris Water Maze. Neurohistopathology identified a non-significant trend toward a higher density of hippocampal neurons in the fish oil diet group. Conclusions: Pre-injury dietary supplementation with fish oil improves recovery of body weight and provides a small improvement in cognitive performance in a rat model of multiple mild TBIs. C1 [Wang, Tao] 306th Hosp PLA, Dept Neurosurg, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Tao; Van, Ken C.; Lyeth, Bruce G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol Surg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gavitt, Brian J.; Pichakron, Kullada O.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Gavitt, Brian J.; Pichakron, Kullada O.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gavitt, Brian J.; Grayson, J. Kevin; Pichakron, Kullada O.] David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Lu, Yi-Cheng] Second Mil Med Univ, Changzheng Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Pichakron, KO (reprint author), USAF, MC, Dept Surg, David Grant USAF Med Ctr,Lieutenant Colonel, 60 MSGS SGCQ,101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA 94535 USA. EM kullada.pichakron@us.af.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation [050611] FX This research was supported by a grant from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation (050611). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 11 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6028 J9 RESTOR NEUROL NEUROS JI Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 5 BP 647 EP 659 DI 10.3233/RNN-130316 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 216DQ UT WOS:000324262100010 PM 23835930 ER PT S AU Asmolova, O Andersen, G Dearborn, ME McHarg, MG Quiller, T Murphey, T AF Asmolova, Olha Andersen, Geoff Dearborn, Michael E. McHarg, Matthew G. Quiller, Trey Murphey, Thomas BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI Optical analysis of a membrane photon sieve space telescope SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space telescopes; lightweight optics; diffractive optics AB This paper focuses on recent progress in designing FallconSAT-7, a 3U CubeSat solar telescope designed to image the Sun from low Earth orbit. The telescope system includes a deployable structure that supports a membrane photon sieve under tension as well as secondary optics. To satisfy mission requirements to demonstrate diffraction limited imaging capability of this collapsible, f/2 diffractive primary we have completed studying a number off effects on membrane material that can affect system imaging quality. C1 [Asmolova, Olha; Andersen, Geoff; Dearborn, Michael E.; McHarg, Matthew G.; Quiller, Trey] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Murphey, Thomas] RVSV, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Asmolova, O (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We wish to acknowledge support for this project from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The construction of this satellite is a collaborative effort that includes participation from HUA Inc., MMA Design Inc., NASA, AFIT and AFRL. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390C DI 10.1117/12.2015416 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200011 ER PT S AU Gao, JJ Blasch, E Pham, K Chen, GS Shen, D Wang, ZH AF Gao, Jianjun Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI Automatic Vehicle License Plate Recognition with Color Component Texture Detection and Template Matching SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Automatic Vehicle License Plate Recognition; Color Component Texture; Template Matching AB Automatic vehicle license plate recognition (LPR) is important for intelligent traffic surveillance systems. This paper suggests a vehicle license plate algorithm, color component texture detection and template matching (CCTD-TM). CCTD-TM has advantages of ease of implementation and highly efficient in calculation. We suggest a novel algorithm of color component texture for license plate localization. This algorithm takes advantage of the feature of fixed color texture of plate base and character. The image preprocessing and character recognition by template matching parts are included in the LPR algorithm. The preliminary results demonstrate an average detection rate over 96.5% and an average recognition rate over 89.9% on hundreds of vehicle images tested in the experiments. C1 [Gao, Jianjun; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gao, JJ (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390Z DI 10.1117/12.2014595 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200031 ER PT S AU Bine, J Xin, M Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Jia, Bin Xin, Ming Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI Multiple Sensor Estimation Using a High-Degree Cubature Information Filter SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Information Filter; Cubature Rule; Target Tracking; Bayesian Estimation ID MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION; KALMAN-FILTER; TARGET TRACKING; FUZZY-LOGIC; ARCHITECTURE; ALGORITHMS AB In this paper, a high-degree cubature information filter (CIF) is proposed for multiple sensor estimation. Astatistical linear error propagation method incorporates the high-degree cubature integration rule into the extended information filtering (EIF) framework such that more accurate estimation can be achieved than the extended information filter as well as the unscented information filter (UIF). In addition, the high-degree CIF maintains close performance to the Gauss-Hermite Quadrature information filter (GHQIF) but uses significantly fewer quadrature points. As a result, the curse of dimensionality problem existing in the tensor product based GHQIF can be greatly alleviated. Besides the improved estimation accuracy and computational efficiency, the high-degree CIF also exhibits the desirable robustness under unknown noise statistics. The proposed CIF is compared with other information filters (e.g., EIF, UIF, GHQIF) via a target tracking problem and demonstrates the best performance. C1 [Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Xin, Ming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gchen@intfusiontech.com FU US National Science Foundation CAREER [ECCS-0846877] FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation CAREER Award (grant number ECCS-0846877) NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390T DI 10.1117/12.2015546 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200026 ER PT S AU Sease, B Koglin, R Flewelling, B AF Sease, Brad Koglin, Ryan Flewelling, Brien BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI Long Integration Star Tracker Image Processing for Combined Attitude - Attitude Rate Estimation SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Attitude Determination; Image Processing; Star Trackers AB A method is proposed for extracting attitude data from streaked star images using traditional image processing methods. The process enables collection of both attitude and angular velocity estimates from streaking star images, where traditional star identification methods would produce poor results. Star streak endpoints are localized as "corner-like" portions of a streak. A vector cross-product based method is developed to produce a proper grouping in time for endpoints. Star identification and single point attitude determination methods can be applied to each set of endpoints, retrieving two sets of data from a single image. Monte Carlo results are presented, and the implications of the results are discussed. Multiple corner detection methods are considered and compared. Future work needed to mature the process is discussed. Results indicate an endpoint detection accuracy of less than a tenth of a pixel for a camera angle to the rotation axis of greater than 20 degrees and streak lengths up to 40% of the field of view. C1 [Sease, Brad] Univ Cent Florida, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Koglin, Ryan] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Flewelling, Brien] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sease, B (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390Y DI 10.1117/12.2020004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200030 ER PT S AU Tian, X Tian, Z Pham, K Blasch, E Chen, GS AF Tian, Xin Tian, Zhi Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI QoS-aware Dynamic Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radio Networks SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cognitive Radio; Dynamic Spectrum Access; Quality of Service (QoS); communications ID WIRELESS NETWORKS AB Ubiquitous wireless networking requires efficient dynamic spectrum access (DSA) among heterogeneous users with diverse transmission types and bandwidth demands. To meet user-specific quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, the power and spectrum allocated to each user should lie inside a power/spectral-shape bounded region in order to be meaningful for the intended application. Most existing DSA methods aim at enhancing the total system utility. As such, spectrum wastage may arise when the system-wide optimal allocation falls outside individual users' desired regions for QoS provisioning. In this work, novel QoS-aware DSA algorithms are developed for both non-cooperative power allocation (QoSNCPA) and cooperative (QoSCPA) users in cognitive radio (CR) networks. The algorithms maximize the "useful utilities" to the users, and minimize the power consumption and mutual interference within the CR network. Simulations results of the QoSNCPA and QoSCPA for single and multiple channel cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms for DSA. C1 [Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Tian, Zhi] Michigan Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Tian, X (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory - Space Vehicles [FA9453-12-M-0022] FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory - Space Vehicles Directorate under contract number FA9453-12-M-0022. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390P DI 10.1117/12.2015205 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200022 ER PT S AU Tian, X Pham, K Blasch, E Tian, Z Shen, D Chen, GS AF Tian, Xin Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Tian, Zhi Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI An Efficient QoS-aware Routing Algorithm for LEO Polar Constellations SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID GENERATION SATELLITE NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE AB In this work, a Quality of Service (QoS)-aware routing (QAR) algorithm is developed for Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) polar constellations. LEO polar orbits are the only type of satellite constellations where inter-plane inter-satellite links (ISLs) are implemented in real world. The QAR algorithm exploits features of the topology of the LEO satellite constellation, which makes it more efficient than general shortest path routing algorithms such as Dijkstra's or extended Bellman-Ford algorithms. Traffic density, priority, and error QoS requirements on communication delays can be easily incorporated into the QAR algorithm through satellite distances. The QAR algorithm also supports efficient load balancing in the satellite network by utilizing the multiple paths from the source satellite to the destination satellite, and effectively lowers the rate of network congestion. The QAR algorithm supports a novel robust routing scheme in LEO polar constellation, which is able to significantly reduce the impact of inter-satellite link (ISL) congestions on QoS in terms of communication delay and jitter. C1 [Tian, Xin; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Tian, Zhi] Michigan Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Tian, X (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory - Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-12-M-0022] FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory - Space Vehicles Directorate under contract number FA9453-12-M-0022. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390O DI 10.1117/12.2015203 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200021 ER PT S AU Yu, W Wei, SX Shen, D Blowers, M Blasch, EP Pham, KD Chen, GS Zhang, HL Lu, C AF Yu, Wei Wei, Sixiao Shen, Dan Blowers, Misty Blasch, Erik P. Pham, Khanh D. Chen, Genshe Zhang, Hanlin Lu, Chao BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI On Detection and Visualization Techniques for Cyber Security Situation Awareness SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB Networking technologies are exponentially increasing to meet worldwide communication requirements. The rapid growth of network technologies and perversity of communications pose serious security issues. In this paper, we aim to developing an integrated network defense system with situation awareness capabilities to present the useful information for human analysts. In particular, we implement a prototypical system that includes both the distributed passive and active network sensors and traffic visualization features, such as 1D, 2D and 3D based network traffic displays. To effectively detect attacks, we also implement algorithms to transform real-world data of IP addresses into images and study the pattern of attacks and use both the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based scheme and the statistical based scheme to detect attacks. Through an extensive simulation study, our data validate the effectiveness of our implemented defense system. C1 [Yu, Wei; Wei, Sixiao; Zhang, Hanlin; Lu, Chao] Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus TechnolInc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blowers, Misty; Blasch, Erik P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com OI Zhang, Hanlin/0000-0001-8869-6863 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390R DI 10.1117/12.2015887 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200024 ER PT S AU Yu, W Wei, SX Xu, GB Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, EP Lu, C AF Yu, Wei Wei, Sixiao Xu, Guobin Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik P. Lu, Chao BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Chen, G TI On Effectiveness of Routing Algorithms for Satellite Communication Networks SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VI CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Satellite Communication Networks; Weighted-based Route Selection; Bandwidth Utilization; End-to-end Delay AB For worldwide, a satellite communication network is an integral component of the global networking infrastructure. In this paper, we focus on developing effective routing techniques that consider both user preferences and network dynamic conditions. In particular, we develop a weighted-based route selection scheme for the core satellite communication network. Unlike the shortest path routing scheme, our scheme chooses the route from multiple matched entries based on the assigned weights that reflect the dynamic condition of networks. We also discuss how to derive the optimal weights for route assignment. To further meet user's preference, we implement the multiple path routing scheme to achieve the high rate of data transmission and the preemption based routing scheme to guarantee the data transmission for high priority users. Through extensive simulation studies, our data validates the effectiveness of our proposed routing schemes. C1 [Yu, Wei; Wei, Sixiao; Xu, Guobin; Lu, Chao] Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Kirtland AFB, NM 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Towson Univ, Comp & Informat Sci Dept, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM wyu@towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9530-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8739 AR UNSP 87390Q DI 10.1117/12.2015536 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGN20 UT WOS:000323553200023 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Salerno, J Kadar, I Yang, SJ Fenstermacher, L Endsley, M Grewe, L AF Blasch, Erik Salerno, John Kadar, Ivan Yang, Shanchieh Jay Fenstermacher, Laurie Endsley, Mica Grewe, Lynne BE Kadar, I TI Summary of Human Social, Cultural, Behavioral (HSCB) Modeling for Information Fusion Panel Discussion SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXII CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Human; Social; Cultural; Behavioral Modeling; Situation Awareness; Information Fusion; Sense-making ID DECISION; PATTERNS AB During the SPIE 2012 conference, panelists convened to discuss "Real world issues and challenges in Human Social/Cultural/Behavioral modeling with Applications to Information Fusion." Each panelist presented their current trends and issues. The panel had agreement on advanced situation modeling, working with users for situation awareness and sense-making, and HSCB context modeling in focusing research activities. Each panelist added different perspectives based on the domain of interest such as physical, cyber, and social attacks from which estimates and projections can be forecasted. Also, additional techniques were addressed such as interest graphs, network modeling, and variable length Markov Models. This paper summarizes the panelists discussions to highlight the common themes and the related contrasting approaches to the domains in which HSCB applies to information fusion applications. C1 [Blasch, Erik; Salerno, John] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Syst Sci, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA. [Yang, Shanchieh Jay] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Fenstermacher, Laurie] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Endsley, Mica] SA Technologies, Marietta, GA 30066 USA. [Grewe, Lynne] Calif State Univ Hayward, Hayward, CA 90802 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9536-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8745 AR UNSP 87451I DI 10.1117/12.2016305 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN53 UT WOS:000323570300057 ER PT S AU Cheng, ZQ Mosher, S Cheng, HN Webb, T AF Cheng, Zhiqing Mosher, Stephen Cheng, Huaining Webb, Timothy BE Kadar, I TI Human Activity Recognition Based on Human Shape Dynamics SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXII CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Dynamic Shape; Shape Descriptor; Principal Component Analysis; Activity Recognition; Data Mining; Classification AB Human activity recognition based on human shape dynamics was investigated in this paper. The shape dynamics describe the spatial-temporal shape deformation of a human body during its movement and thus provide important information about the identity of a human subject and the motions performed by the subject. The dynamic shapes of four subjects in five activities (digging, jogging, limping, throwing, and walking) were created via 3-D motion replication. The Paquet Shape Descriptor (PSD) was used to describe subject shapes in each frame. The principal component analysis was performed on the calculated PSDs and principal components (PCs) were used to characterize PSDs. The PSD calculation was then reasonably approximated by its significant projections in the eigen-space formed by PCs and represented by the corresponding projection coefficients. As such, the dynamic human shapes for each activity were described by these projection coefficients, which in turn, along with their derivatives were used to form the feature vectors (attribute sets) for activity classification. Data mining technology was employed with six classification methods used. Seven attribute sets were evaluated with high classification accuracy attained for most of them. The results from this investigation illustrate the great potential of human shape dynamics for activity recognition. C1 [Cheng, Zhiqing; Mosher, Stephen] Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Cheng, Huaining; Webb, Timothy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM zhiqing.cheng.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9536-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8745 AR UNSP 874517 DI 10.1117/12.2015487 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN53 UT WOS:000323570300047 ER PT S AU Gao, JJ Ling, HB Blasch, E Pham, K Wang, ZH Chen, GS AF Gao, Jianjun Ling, Haibin Blasch, Erik Khanh Pham Wang, Zhonghai Chen, Genshe BE Kadar, I TI Pattern of Life from WAMI Objects Tracking based on Context-Aware Tracking and Information Network Models SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXII CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pattern of life; WAMI; multi-target tracking; entity networks; pattern extraction AB With the emergence of long lasting surveillance systems, e. g., full motion video (FMV) networks and wide area motion imagery (WAMI) sensors, extracting targets' long term pattern of life over a day becomes possible. In this paper, we present a framework for extracting the pattern of life (POL) of targets from WAMI video. We first apply a context-aware multi-target tracker (CAMT) to track multiple targets in the WAMI video and obtain the targets' tracklets, traces, and the locations, from surveillance information extracted from the targets' long-term trajectories. Then, entity networks propagate over time are constructed with targets' tracklets, traces, and the interested locations. Finally, the entity network is analyzed using network retrieving technique to extract the POL of interested targets. C1 [Gao, Jianjun; Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gao, JJ (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9536-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8745 AR UNSP 87451K DI 10.1117/12.2015612 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN53 UT WOS:000323570300058 ER PT S AU LaRue, JP Luzanov, Y AF LaRue, James P. Luzanov, Yuriy BE Kadar, I TI Stabilizing Bidirectional Associative Memory with Principles in Independent Component Analysis and Nullspace (PICANS) SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXII CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID NEURAL NETWORKS; RECOGNITION AB A new extension to the way in which the Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) algorithms are implemented is presented here. We will show that by utilizing the singular value decomposition (SVD) and integrating principles of independent component analysis (ICA) into the nullspace (NS) we have created a novel approach to mitigating spurious attractors. We demonstrate this with two applications. The first application utilizes a one-layer association while the second application is modeled after the several hierarchal associations of ventral pathways. The first application will detail the way in which we manage the associations in terms of matrices. The second application will take what we have learned from the first example and apply it to a cascade of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and perceptron this being our signal processing model of the ventral pathways, i.e., visual systems. C1 [LaRue, James P.] JADCO Signals, Hanahan, SC USA. [Luzanov, Yuriy] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP LaRue, JP (reprint author), JADCO Signals, Hanahan, SC USA. EM jadcosignals@earthlink.net; Yuriy.luzanov@rl.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9536-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8745 AR UNSP 87451Z DI 10.1117/12.2017742 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN53 UT WOS:000323570300069 ER PT S AU Pinkus, AR Dommett, DW Task, HL AF Pinkus, Alan R. Dommett, David W. Task, H. Lee BE Kadar, I TI A comparison of sensor resolution assessment by human vision versus custom software for Landolt C and triangle resolution targets SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXII CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE multi-spectral sensor resolution; image fusion; Landolt C; Triangle Orientation Detection AB This paper is the fifth in a series exploring the possibility of using a synthetic observer to assess the resolution of both real and synthetic (fused) sensors. The previous paper introduced an Automatic Triangle Orientation Detection Algorithm (ATODA) that was capable of recognizing the orientation of an equilateral triangle used as a resolution target, which complemented the Automatic Landolt C Orientation Recognition (ALCOR) software developed earlier. Three different spectral band sensors (infrared, near infrared and visible) were used to collect images that included both resolution targets and militarily relevant targets at multiple distances. The resolution targets were evaluated using the two software algorithms described above. For the current study, subjects viewed the same set of images previously used in order to obtain human-based assessments of the resolutions of these three sensors for comparison with the automated approaches. In addition, the same set of images contained hand-held target objects so that human performance in recognizing the targets could be compared to both the automated and human-based assessment of resolution for each sensor. C1 [Pinkus, Alan R.; Dommett, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pinkus, AR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.pinkus@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9536-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8745 AR UNSP 87450Z DI 10.1117/12.2017643 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN53 UT WOS:000323570300040 ER PT S AU Dajani, I Vergien, C Ward, B Robin, C Naderi, S Flores, A Diels, JC AF Dajani, Iyad Vergien, Christopher Ward, Benjamin Robin, Craig Naderi, Shadi Flores, Angel Diels, Jean-Claude BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Experimental and theoretical investigations of single-frequency Raman fiber amplifiers operating at 1178 nm SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XII CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Raman fiber amplifier; stimulated Brillouin scattering; stimulated Raman scattering ID STIMULATED-BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; LASER GUIDE STAR AB We present a detailed study of power scaling in polarization-maintaining Raman fiber amplifiers operating at 1178 nm since this wavelength can be frequency doubled into 589 nm for sodium guide star applications. We confirm experimentally that the optimized output signal at SBS threshold scales linearly with the pump power. We also present results from numerical and experimental studies investigating the scalability of Raman fiber amplifiers with seed power. Both co-pumped and counter pumped two-stage amplifiers utilizing acoustically tailored fiber for SBS suppression were constructed and studied. For the former configuration spectral broadening was observed, while the latter configuration provided 22 W of single-frequency output. Finally, we show results of a phase-modulated amplifier generating multiple spectral lines separated by 886 MHz, which corresponds to the spectral separation of the sodium D2a, and D-2b lines after frequency doubling in a nonlinear cavity. C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Vergien, Christopher; Robin, Craig; Naderi, Shadi; Flores, Angel] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Ward, Benjamin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Diels, Jean-Claude] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9373-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8604 AR UNSP 86040N DI 10.1117/12.2006946 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGE28 UT WOS:000322536300017 ER PT S AU Tassev, V Snure, M Peterson, R Schepler, KL Bedford, R Mann, M Vangala, S Goodhue, W Lin, A Harris, J Fejer, M Schunemann, P AF Tassev, V. Snure, M. Peterson, R. Schepler, K. L. Bedford, R. Mann, M. Vangala, S. Goodhue, W. Lin, A. Harris, J. Fejer, M. Schunemann, Peter BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Progress in orientation-patterned GaP for next-generation nonlinear optical devices SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications XII CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE hydride vapor phase epitaxy; nonlinear optical materials; quasi-phase matching; orientation patterned templates; frequency conversion devices; laser sources in the mid IR and THz region ID GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES; GAAS; ABSORPTION; THICK; HVPE; TEMPLATES; FILMS AB Orientation-patterned GaP is a promising nonlinear material for frequency conversion in the mid and longwave IR (2-5 mu m and 8-12 mu m) by quasi-phase matching. As an alternative to OPGaAs, OPGaP has the advantage of having lower two-photon absorption in the convenient pumping range 1 - 1.7 mu m. We report recent results on development of thick QPM GaP for high power tunable laser sources radiating in the mid IR. Two are the major challenges to producing OPGaP: development of simple techniques for preparation of patterned templates and a technology for fast epitaxial growth of thick, high quality GaP on these templates. The focus was to adapt/simplify the wafer fusion process for OPGaP template preparation. Then increase the growth rate and layer thickness of regrown material, while maintaining vertical domain propagation. The growth experiments were conducted in a horizontal quartz reactor, using a standard hydride vapor phase epitaxial process. The growth was performed on: (i) plain (100) GaP; (ii) half-patterned (HP) and (iii) orientation-patterned (OP) templates, fabricated on (100) GaP. Up to 370 mu m thick layers with high crystal and optical quality were reproducibly grown on plain material. Growth on HP templates resulted in up to 470 mu m thick layers with rectangular mesa's shape. These results were used to determine the optimal substrate and pattern orientations. HVPE growth on OP templates achieved stable growth rates of 50-70 mu m/h with domain walls propagating vertically, following the periodicity of the initial pattern, and resulted in the first 350 mu m thick device quality OPGaP. C1 [Tassev, V.; Snure, M.; Peterson, R.; Schepler, K. L.; Bedford, R.; Mann, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, S.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollins, NH 03049 USA. [Lin, A.; Harris, J.; Fejer, M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goodhue, W.] Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Schunemann, Peter] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Tassev, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.tassev@wpafb.af.mil OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research [10RY06COR, FA8650-09-C-1653, 0052-4916HE04-20110615] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research under contracts 10RY06COR, FA8650-09-C-1653 and 0052-4916HE04-20110615. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9373-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8604 AR UNSP 86040V DI 10.1117/12.2008057 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGE28 UT WOS:000322536300022 ER PT S AU Chalise, BK Zhang, YMD Amin, MG Himed, B AF Chalise, Batu K. Zhang, Yimin D. Amin, Moeness G. Himed, Braham BE Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Target Position Localization in a Passive Radar System Through Convex Optimization SO WIRELESS SENSING, LOCALIZATION, AND PROCESSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wireless Sensing, Localization, and Processing VIII CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID SEMIDEFINITE RELAXATION AB This paper proposes efficient target localization methods for a passive radar system using bistatic time-of-arrival (TOA) information measured at multiple synthetic array locations, where the position of these synthetic array locations is subject to random errors. Since maximum likelihood (ML) formulation of this target localization problem is a non-convex optimization problem, semi-definite relaxation (SDR)-based optimization methods in general do not provide satisfactory performance. As a result, approximated ML optimization problems are proposed and solved with SDR plus bisection methods. For the case without position errors, it is shown that the relaxation guarantees a rank-one solution. The optimization problem for the case with position errors involves only a relaxation of a scalar quadratic term. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform existing methods and provide mean square position error performance very close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound even for larger values of noise and position estimation errors. C1 [Chalise, Batu K.; Zhang, Yimin D.; Amin, Moeness G.] Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chalise, BK (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM batu.chalise@villanova.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9544-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8753 AR UNSP 87530I DI 10.1117/12.2018148 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGM98 UT WOS:000323541400014 ER PT S AU Sundaram, R Martin, R Anderson, C AF Sundaram, Ramakrishnan Martin, Richard Anderson, Christopher BE Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Regularization in Radio Tomographic Imaging SO WIRELESS SENSING, LOCALIZATION, AND PROCESSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wireless Sensing, Localization, and Processing VIII CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Linear least-squares model; scalar and vector regularization ID ARCHITECTURES; RESTORATION AB This paper demonstrates methods to select and apply regularization to the linear least-squares model formulation of the radio tomographic imaging (RTI) problem. Typically, the RTI inverse problem of image reconstruction is ill-conditioned due to the extremely small singular values of the weight matrix which relates the link signal strengths to the voxel locations of the obstruction. Regularization is included to offset the non-invertible nature of the weight matrix by adding a regularization term such as the matrix approximation of derivatives in each dimension based on the difference operator. This operation yields a smooth least-squares solution for the measured data by suppressing the high energy or noise terms in the derivative of the image. Traditionally, a scalar weighting factor of the regularization matrix is identified by trial and error (adhoc) to yield the best fit of the solution to the data without either excessive smoothing or ringing oscillations at the boundaries of the obstruction. This paper proposes new scalar and vector regularization methods that are automatically computed based on the weight matrix. Evidence of the effectiveness of these methods compared to the preset scalar regularization method is presented for stationary and moving obstructions in an RTI wireless sensor network. The variation of the mean square reconstruction error as a function of the scalar regularization is calculated for known obstructions in the network. The vector regularization procedure based on selective updates to the singular values of the weight matrix attains the lowest mean square error. C1 [Sundaram, Ramakrishnan] Gannon Univ, Erie, PA 16541 USA. [Martin, Richard] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, Christopher] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sundaram, R (reprint author), Gannon Univ, Erie, PA 16541 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9544-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8753 AR UNSP 87530O DI 10.1117/12.2012167 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGM98 UT WOS:000323541400020 ER PT S AU Graham, J Ternovskiy, IV AF Graham, James Ternovskiy, Igor V. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Complex scenes and situations visualization in hierarchical learning algorithm with dynamic 3D NeoAxis engine SO CYBER SENSING 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE unsupervised learning; hierarchical learning; visualization; Dynamic Logic AB We applied a two stage unsupervised hierarchical learning system to model complex dynamic surveillance and cyber space monitoring systems using a non-commercial version of the NeoAxis visualization software. The hierarchical scene learning and recognition approach is based on hierarchical expectation maximization, and was linked to a 3D graphics engine for validation of learning and classification results and understanding the human - autonomous system relationship. Scene recognition is performed by taking synthetically generated data and feeding it to a dynamic logic algorithm. The algorithm performs hierarchical recognition of the scene by first examining the features of the objects to determine which objects are present, and then determines the scene based on the objects present. This paper presents a framework within which low level data linked to higher-level visualization can provide support to a human operator and be evaluated in a detailed and systematic way. C1 [Graham, James; Ternovskiy, Igor V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9548-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8757 AR UNSP 87570J DI 10.1117/12.2018833 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGN55 UT WOS:000323571700013 ER PT S AU Graham, J O'Connor, A Ternovskiy, IV Ilin, R AF Graham, James O'Connor, Alan Ternovskiy, Igor V. Ilin, Roman BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI The two stage hierarchical unsupervised learning system for complex dynamic scene recognition SO CYBER SENSING 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hierarchical learning; dynamic logic; neural modeling fields; unsupervised learning AB The two stage hierarchical unsupervised learning system has been proposed for modeling complex dynamic surveillance and cyberspace systems. Using a modification of the expectation maximization learning approach, we introduced a three layer approach to learning concepts from input data: features, objects, and situations. Using the Bernoulli model, this approach models each situation as a collection of objects, and each object as a collection of features. Further complexity is added with the addition of clutter features and clutter objects. During the learning process, at the lowest level, only binary feature information (presence or absence) is provided. The system attempts to simultaneously determine the probabilities of the situation and presence of corresponding objects from the detected features. The proposed approach demonstrated robust performance after a short training period. This paper discusses this hierarchical learning system in a broader context of different feedback mechanisms between layers and highlights challenges on the road to practical applications. C1 [Graham, James; O'Connor, Alan; Ternovskiy, Igor V.; Ilin, Roman] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9548-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8757 AR UNSP 87570E DI 10.1117/12.2018754 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGN55 UT WOS:000323571700009 ER PT S AU Lee, MG AF Lee, Michael G. BE Self, D TI Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) and Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Convergence SO MOTION IMAGERY TECHNOLOGIES, BEST PRACTICES, AND WORKFLOWS FOR INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE (ISR), AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Motion Imagery Technologies, Best Practices, and Workflows for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), and Situational Awareness CY APR 30, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE GEOINT; geospatial; intelligence; surveillance; reconnaissance; ISR; FMV AB An examination of the potentialities, benefits and challenges of the confluence, integration and operation of Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) capabilities, products and techniques within the larger context of the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) arena, particularly in regards to persistent surveillance and Full Motion Video (FMV) C1 USAF, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Lee, MG (reprint author), USAF, 11091 Sunset Hills Rd,Suite 777, Reston, VA 20190 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9531-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8740 AR UNSP 874003 DI 10.1117/12.2019032 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL43 UT WOS:000323412900002 ER PT S AU Kirk, JC Lin, K Gray, A Hseih, C Darden, S Kwong, W Majumder, U Scarborough, S AF Kirk, John C., Jr. Lin, Kai Gray, Andrew Hseih, Chung Darden, Scott Kwong, Winston Majumder, Uttam Scarborough, Steven BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI Lightweight SAR GMTI Radar Technology Development SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVII CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB A small and lightweight dual-channel radar has been developed for SAR data collections. Using standard Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) radar digital signal processing, SAR GMTI images have been obtained. The prototype radar weighs 5-lbs and has demonstrated the extraction of ground moving targets (GMTs) embedded in high-resolution SAR imagery data. Heretofore this type of capability has been reserved for much larger systems such as the JSTARS. Previously, small lightweight SARs featured only a single channel and only displayed SAR imagery. Now, with the advent of this new capability, SAR GMTI performance is now possible for small UAV class radars. C1 [Kirk, John C., Jr.; Lin, Kai; Gray, Andrew; Hseih, Chung; Darden, Scott; Kwong, Winston] Goleta Star LLC, Torrance, CA 90501 USA. [Majumder, Uttam; Scarborough, Steven] WPAFB, RYAP, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kirk, JC (reprint author), Goleta Star LLC, Torrance, CA 90501 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9505-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8714 AR UNSP 87140T DI 10.1117/12.2015085 PG 10 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN39 UT WOS:000323559400025 ER PT S AU Shin, HJ Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Shin, Hee Jung Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI Tomographic imaging with ultra-wideband noise radar using time-domain data SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVII CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Tomographic imaging; back projection imaging; ultra-wideband; noise radar system AB This paper investigates the feasibility of using a noise waveform in an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar system for two-dimensional tomographic imaging of a stationary object with a multistatic tomographic geometry. Multiple UWB transmitters and receivers are positioned along each side of the imaging area. We perform several numerical simulations in time-domain, and the successful imaging of the target is achieved by visual inspection of the formed images. C1 [Shin, Hee Jung; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shin, HJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0164] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Contract # FA9550-12-1-0164. We appreciate useful comments received from Dr. Tristan Nguyen of AFOSR. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9505-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8714 AR UNSP 87140R DI 10.1117/12.2016898 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN39 UT WOS:000323559400023 ER PT S AU Vela, R Bracken, LJE AF Vela, Russell Bracken, L. Justing E. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI Radar Tomography Assisted Three-Dimensional Localization via the Noisy Stepped Frequency Waveform SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVII CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Radar; Noise Band Radar; Signal Processing; NSF; Noisy LSF; Tomography; Waveform Diversity; Three Dimensional Localization ID MOVING TARGETS TMT AB Radar tomography has been an active area of investigation at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for many years. Building upon this knowledge base, recent efforts have begun to focus on developing synergistic combinations between noise based waveforms and radar tomographic imaging techniques.(1) More specifically, an emphasis has been placed on extending the traditional dimensionality from two to three, while condensing the familiar overall required instantaneous bandwidth for noise based radar systems. Through the inclusion of a Direction of Arrival (DOA) capability into the radar RF architecture, and through back projection processing, a target is capable of being located both in its azimuthal and elevation position between multiple towers. The previously developed Noisy Stepped Frequency (NSF) waveform is utilized as the excitation source from each radar towers thereby reducing the necessary instantaneous bandwidth.(2) The thumb-tack-like response of the NSF waveform provides a "sharpened" image of the target and better assists in the localization of the target in its appropriate elevation. The DOA is implemented through the Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC) method. Through the processing combination of back projection and DOA, imaging and localization of both single, and multiple targets is realizable for a three dimensional geometry. Simulated and experimental validations shall be provided and compared. C1 [Vela, Russell; Bracken, L. Justing E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vela, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Russell.Vela@ieee.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9505-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8714 AR UNSP 87140G DI 10.1117/12.2020599 PG 14 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGN39 UT WOS:000323559400012 ER PT S AU Sotirelis, P Parker, J Hu, XY Cheney, M Ferrara, M AF Sotirelis, Paul Parker, Jason Hu, Xueya Cheney, Margaret Ferrara, Matthew BE Zelnio, E Garber, FD TI Frequency-dependent reflectivity image reconstruction SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XX CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; frequency-dependent imaging AB We evaluate a recently reported algorithm for computing frequency-dependent radar imagery in scenarios relevant for performing spectral feature identification. For each image pixel in the spatial domain a computed frequency-dependent reflectivity is used to produce a corresponding spectral feature identification. We show that this novel image reconstruction technique is capable of considerable flexibility for achieving fine spectral resolution in comparison with previous techniques based on conventional synthetic aperture radar (SAR), yet new challenges are introduced with regard to achieving fine range resolution. C1 [Sotirelis, Paul; Parker, Jason; Hu, Xueya] AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sotirelis, P (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9537-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8746 AR UNSP 874602 DI 10.1117/12.2020647 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGK66 UT WOS:000323341800001 ER PT J AU Basnight, Z Butts, J Lopez, J Dube, T AF Basnight, Zachry Butts, Jonathan Lopez, Juan Dube, Thomas BE Hart, D TI Analysis of Programmable Logic Controller Firmware for Threat Assessment and Forensic Investigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY (ICIW-2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 25-26, 2013 CL Regis Univ, Denver, CO HO Regis Univ DE industrial control system; programmable logic controller; firmware; embedded device; forensics; threat assessment AB Modern industrial control systems (ICSs) regulate operations over a variety of different applications. Of most interest to national security is the role ICSs play in the management of critical infrastructure (CI) such as the national power grid, water treatment, and chemical industry. The control systems used in such sectors are developing into highly networked collections of distributed devices. Unfortunately, security has only recently become a topic of major concern for these devices. This leaves many implementations without secure configurations due to their long lifespan compared to the rate of advancing threats. In the paradigm of ICSs, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) represent the front line between the cyber world and physical systems. Attacks like Stuxnet have already proven the effectiveness of cyber-physical attacks by altering and disguising PLC programming, but the next generation of threats will likely focus on PLC firmware. Just as traditional computer malware evolved to hide itself using operating system-level rootkits, so will ICS attacks evolve to embed themselves in the PLC equivalent: the firmware. Since little research has been done in the area of PLC firmware security, this paper begins by addressing the related security concerns. One such concern is the application of digital forensics to a potential incident of ICS attack. Forensic investigations of digital devices have traditionally been limited to the analysis of typical computer systems like desktops or laptops. As forensic capabilities begin to expand into the scope of embedded devices like smartphones, parallels can be drawn to PLCs that will enable the development of more advanced forensic tools and processes. By performing a firmware analysis through reverse engineering, a PLC can be exploited for both malicious and forensic purposes. This paper discusses the techniques and procedures required to access, inspect, and manipulate firmware for an Allen-Bradley PLC to suit the purposes of the examiner. From this analysis, lessons can be learned not only about the capabilities and methods required by a potential attacker, but also about the accessibility and effectiveness of recovering PLC firmware for forensic investigation of a potential attack. C1 [Basnight, Zachry; Butts, Jonathan; Lopez, Juan; Dube, Thomas] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basnight, Z (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zachry.basnight@afit.edu; jonathan.butts@afit.edu; juan.lopez@afit.edu; thomas.dube@afit.edu RI Emchi, Karma/Q-1952-2016 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-909507-11-1 PY 2013 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFY83 UT WOS:000321919600002 ER PT S AU Wang, JS Steenbergen, EH Smith, HE Grazulis, L Massengale, JA Ullrich, B Brown, GJ AF Wang, Joanna S. Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Smith, Howard E. Grazulis, Lawrence Massengale, Jeremy A. Ullrich, Bruno Brown, Gail J. BE Eyink, KG Huffaker, DL Szmulowicz, F TI Stability Studies of Lead Sulfide Colloidal Quantum Dot Films on Glass and GaAs Substrates SO QUANTUM DOTS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots and Nanostructures - Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling X CY FEB 04-06, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Pbs quantum dots; photoluminescence; deposition; supercritical CO2; UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; atomic force microscopy ID BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; ORDERED ARRAYS; NANOCRYSTAL SOLIDS; PARTICLE-SIZE; DEPOSITION; PBSE; PHOTODETECTORS; MONOLAYERS; GOLD AB The stability of colloidal PbS quantum dot (QD) films deposited on various substrates including glass and GaAs was studied. Over a period of months, the QD film sample was re-tested after being left unprotected in air under ambient conditions. Despite exposure to 532 nm laser excitation and cooling to cryogenic temperatures, the initial photoluminescence (PL) remained stable between tests. We also retested a set of samples that had remained under ambient conditions for over 2 years. To track potential changes to the QDs over time, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed. Evidence points towards oxidation enforced shrinking of the active QD volume causing a blue shift of the absorption and photoluminescence. The presented studies are important for reliability expectations of light emitters based on PbS QDs. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Smith, Howard E.; Grazulis, Lawrence; Massengale, Jeremy A.; Ullrich, Bruno; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9403-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8634 AR 86340T DI 10.1117/12.2002499 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGH37 UT WOS:000322967200010 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Evans, Jonathan W. Berry, Patrick A. Schepler, Kenneth L. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI A broadly tunable continuous-wave Fe:ZnSe laser SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXII - Technology and Devices CY FEB 03-05, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state lasers; mid-IR lasers; transition-metal lasers ID CRYSTALS; ZNSE AB We have achieved similar to 840 m W continuous-wave (CW) output power from iron-doped zinc selenide (Fe:ZnSe).(1) The beam quality was measured to be M-2 <= 1.2. The laser exhibited a slope efficiency of 47% with no thermal roll-off at maximum output power. Various dichroic mirrors and other spectral filters were inserted into the cavity to discretely tune the output of the laser from 3843 nm to 4337 nm. Demonstration of arbitrary discrete tuning shows that, in principle, Fe: ZnSe is capable of efficient continuously-tunable CW lasing over nearly 500 nm of bandwidth. C1 [Evans, Jonathan W.; Berry, Patrick A.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.evans@wpafb.af.mil OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9368-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8599 AR 85990C DI 10.1117/12.2002442 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BFY46 UT WOS:000321895100010 ER PT S AU Haynes, ND Zelmon, DE AF Haynes, Nicholas D. Zelmon, David E. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Optical and Spectroscopic properties of Ytterbium-doped YAG SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXII - Technology and Devices CY FEB 03-05, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID RARE-EARTH IONS; ABSORPTION INTENSITIES; LASER; CRYSTAL; ER3+; ND3+ AB The refractive indices of Yb:YAG crystals for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 at. % Yb were measured from 0.4-5.2 microns. The coefficients for the Sellmeier fit are reported. The absorption at room temperature was measured from .185-3.3 microns. Using the index and spectroscopic data, the oscillator strengths for the samples were calculated, and their dependence on dopant concentration examined. C1 [Haynes, Nicholas D.; Zelmon, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haynes, ND (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9368-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8599 AR 859910 DI 10.1117/12.2000069 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BFY46 UT WOS:000321895100032 ER PT S AU McDaniel, SA Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF McDaniel, Sean A. Berry, Patrick A. Schepler, Kenneth L. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Gain-switched single-pass Cr:ZnSe amplifier SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXII - Technology and Devices CY FEB 03-05, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid-state lasers; transition-metal lasers; mid-IR lasers; amplifier; chromium ID LASER AB In this paper, we report on building and testing a Cr:ZnSe gain-switched amplifier pumped by a Q-switched Ho:YAG laser and seeded by a continuous wave (CW) tunable Cr: ZnSe laser. A 0.5%-doped, Brewster-cut Ho: YAG rod in an actively Q-switched, folded cavity produced 250 mu J pump pulses at 2.09 mu m with pulse widths on the order of 400 ns. The seeded single-pass Cr: ZnSe amplifier exhibited output pulse energy as high as 3.8 mu J at 2.45 mu m while pumped at a 10 kHz repetition rate. The gain-switched process showed a peak gain of 380 and an extraction efficiency of 1.5%. The system was tunable from 2160 nm to 2560 nm and had gain of 200 over a 400 nm range. C1 [McDaniel, Sean A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Berry, Patrick A.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDaniel, SA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sean.mcdaniel.ctr@wpafb.af.mil OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9368-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8599 AR 85990D DI 10.1117/12.2004753 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BFY46 UT WOS:000321895100011 ER PT J AU Hagen, JT Mullins, BE AF Hagen, John T. Mullins, Barry E. GP IEEE TI TCP veto: A novel network attack and its application to SCADA protocols SO 2013 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the IEEE PES on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) CY FEB 24-27, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE PES DE Cyberspace; Intrusion detection; IP networks; Message authentication; Network security; SCADA systems; TCPIP AB TCP veto is a detection-resistant variation of the TCP connection hijacking attack. While not limited to SCADA protocols, Modbus TCP, the Ethernet Industrial Protocol (EtherNet/IP), and the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) each meet the necessary assumptions of the attack. Experimental results reveal that the integrity of messages transmitted using each of the three SCADA protocols are vulnerable to TCP veto. Additionally, TCP veto produces up to 600 times less network traffic during its attack than connection hijacking. This work underscores the vulnerability of current SCADA protocols that communicate over TCP/IP to network attack. A method to definitively identify TCP veto requires a detection system to perform deep packet inspection on every TCP packet of a monitored connection. Methods for mitigating the attack through message authentication include implementing DNP3 with Secure Authentication, tcpcrypt, or Internet Protocol Security (IPsec). C1 [Hagen, John T.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hagen, JT (reprint author), USAF, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM johnthagen@ieee.org; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4896-6 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM26 UT WOS:000320500800002 ER PT J AU Strack, G Babanova, S Farrington, KE Luckarift, HR Atanassov, P Johnson, GR AF Strack, Guinevere Babanova, Sofia Farrington, Karen E. Luckarift, Heather R. Atanassov, Plamen Johnson, Glenn R. TI Enzyme-Modified Buckypaper for Bioelectrocatalysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GLUCOSE-DEHYDROGENASE; CARBON ELECTRODES; CELL; BIOSENSORS AB Direct bioelectrocatalysis was demonstrated-with pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) tethered to a range of carbon nanotube (CNT) materials, as evidenced by the generation of anodic current in the presence of glucose. Physical and electrochemical characterization of CNT paper (buckypaper) reveals marked differences attributed to changes in CNT dimensions, including conductivity, packing density, and electrochemically accessible surface area. By using single-walled CNTs as the electrode material, higher current densities per geometric area and lower electron transfer resistances were achieved. In comparison, electrodes made of oxidized CNTs enhanced in the physical adsorption of PQQ, but displayed voltage drops associated with activation losses. In addition, electrode longevity tests revealed that electrochemical activity was retained for two days but decreased by 50% on the third day. PQQ-GDH enzymatic electrodes show potential application as biological fuel cell anodes and will oxidize a range of mono- and disaccharide substrates. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Strack, Guinevere; Farrington, Karen E.; Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Strack, Guinevere] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Babanova, Sofia; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Farrington, Karen E.; Luckarift, Heather R.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Strack, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM glenn.johnson@i3-corps.com FU U.S. Department of Energy; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ); NSF-CRET FX The authors acknowledge Buckeye Composites for manufacturing made-to-order BP and providing detailed characterization of the material. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ). University of New Mexico work was supported by funding from the NSF-CRET Biosensing Program: Collaborative Research: Supramolecular Bio-Nano-Architectures as Biosensing Platforms. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 7 BP G3178 EP G3182 DI 10.1149/2.028307jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 183DQ UT WOS:000321794600029 ER PT S AU Barnaby, H Edwards, A Oleksy, D Kozicki, M AF Barnaby, Hugh Edwards, Arthur Oleksy, David Kozicki, Michael GP IEEE TI Finite Element Modeling of Ag Transport and Reactions in Chalcogenide Glass Resistive Memory SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID METALLIZATION CELL DEVICES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GE-SE GLASSES; DIFFUSION; FILMS; GAP AB Silver-based electrochemical memories show enormous potential for non-volatile memory applications. While several groups have made significant strides in device development and process integration, challenges remain to improve function and reliability. The central problem is the large variability of operational parameters and programmed resistance. To understand these variabilities, we need to understand the physics of conducting filament formation and dissolution. Recently, Monte Carlo simulation techniques have been developed to capture the kinetics of Ag transport and metallic filament formation in resistive memory engineered with chalcogenide glass (ChG) films. In this paper the mechanisms of Ag transport and reactions are modeled using a finite element device simulator. The ChG film is modeled as a wide-bandgap semiconductor with material constants (e. g., bandgap, permittivity, electron affinity) extracted from data reported in literature and the results of first principles density functional theory calculations. Active and inert electrodes are modeled as ideal metals with specified workfunctions. The code solves standard carrier statistics and transport equations (continuity, drift-diffusion, and Poisson) and, simultaneously, performs ion transport and reaction calculations. The essential chemistry captured by the simulator are the reduction/oxidation (RedOx) reactions, incorporated as generation (G) and recombination (R) terms in the continuity equations for both ionic and neutral Ag species in the ChG film. The simulation results show how neutral Ag builds up in the film under applied bias. The simulations also reveal that the neutral Ag density is left unchanged once the bias is removed, which enables memristive action. The results provide strong qualitative evidence that finite element codes can simulate ionic transport and metallic growth in ChG-based resistive memory. Quantitative comparisons to experimental data will be provided in the final paper. C1 [Barnaby, Hugh; Oleksy, David; Kozicki, Michael] Arizona State Univ, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Edwards, Arthur] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barnaby, H (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM hbarnaby@asu.edu; Arthur.Edwards@kirtland.af.mil; David.Oleksy@asu.edu; michael.kozicki@asu.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123903055 ER PT S AU Martin, M Lyke, J AF Martin, Maurice Lyke, James GP IEEE TI Modular Open Network ARCHitecture (MONARCH): Transitioning Plug-and-Play to Aerospace SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE Plug-and-play; satellite; avionics; modular; reconfigurable; USB; (IC)-C-2; SpaceWire; SPA; PnPSat; SAE; TacSat-3; APT AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) developed an initial plug-and-play (PnP) capability for spacecraft, similar to USB on personal computers, which better defines hardware and software interfaces and incorporates self-discovery and auto-configuration in order to simplify spacecraft development and reduce cost and schedule. PnP technology was matured through a suborbital PnP flight experiment in September 2007 and a secondary Spacecraft Avionics Experiment (SAE) payload on the TacSat-3 satellite, which launched in May 2009. AFRL developed and submitted a complete set of PnP standards through the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) in 2011. Space electronics to adapt existing satellite components and implement full PnP on satellites in accordance with these AFRL standards was independently developed in alternate hardware implementations by Goodrich Corp under AFRL and by Northrop Grumman under Operationally Responsive Space (ORS). In 2011, AFRL conducted a cost-benefit analysis of PnP and assembled a collaborative review board (CRB) in Sept 2011 to evaluate PnP. This CRB was comprised of representatives from Space and Missiles Center (SMC), National Reconnaissance Organization (NRO), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), John Hopkins University (JHU) Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), The Aerospace Corporation, and several large commercial and DOD satellite developers. This CRB laid out a transition path to develop and implement PnP standards for implementation in large (> 1000 kg) DOD and commercial satellites. Transition of PnP technology into operational systems continues in PnP architecture studies for SMC, PnP products from multiple space industry vendors, commercial implementations of PnP, and the Northrop Grumman ORS-2 spacecraft currently project to fly in 2014-2015. This paper provides details related to development of PnP technology, AFRL's cost-benefit analysis of PnP, recommendations of the PnP CRB, and on-going efforts to mature and fly PnP technology. C1 [Martin, Maurice; Lyke, James] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM maurice.martin@kirtland.af.mil; james.lyke@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901074 ER PT S AU McLean, RK Flatley, BN Silvius, MD Hopkinson, KM AF McLean, Ryan K. Flatley, Bridget N. Silvius, Mark D. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. GP IEEE TI FPGA-Based RF Spectrum Merging and Adaptive Hopset Selection SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a limited resource. Spectrum allotment disputes stem from this scarcity as many radio devices are confined to a fixed frequency or frequency sequence. One alternative is to incorporate cognition within a reconfigurable radio platform, therefore enabling the radio to adapt to dynamic RF spectrum environments. In this way, the radio is able to actively sense the RF spectrum, decide, and act accordingly, thereby sharing the spectrum and operating in more flexible manner. In this paper, we present a novel solution for merging many distributed RF spectrum maps into one map and for subsequently creating an adaptive hopset. We also provide an example of our system in operation, the result of which is a pseudorandom adaptive hopset. The paper then presents a novel hardware design for the frequency merger and adaptive hopset selector, both of which are written in VHDL and implemented as a custom IP core on an FPGA-based embedded system using the Xilinx Embedded Development Kit (EDK) software tool. The design of the custom IP core is optimized for area, and it can process a high-volume digital input via a low-latency circuit architecture. The complete embedded system includes the Xilinx PowerPC microprocessor, UART serial connection, and compact flash memory card IP cores, and our custom map merging/hopset selection IP core, all of which are targeted to the Virtex IV FPGA. This system is then incorporated into a cognitive radio prototype on a Rice University Wireless Open Access Research Platform (WARP) reconfigurable radio. C1 [McLean, Ryan K.; Flatley, Bridget N.; Silvius, Mark D.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43433 USA. RP McLean, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43433 USA. EM ryan.mclean@afit.edu; bridget.flatley@afit.edu; mark.silvius@afit.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902005 ER PT S AU Ratkevich, B Brierley, S Lupia, D Leiker, CT AF Ratkevich, Brian Brierley, Scott Lupia, David Leiker, Capt Troy GP IEEE TI Space Launch Flight Termination System Initial Development SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE SLFTS; EELV; EFTS; CRD; Flight Termination System; High-Alphabet AB This paper describes the studies, capabilities and challenges in initial development of a new digital encrypted termination system for space launch vehicles. This system is called the Space Launch Flight Termination System (SLFTS). Development of SLFTS is required to address an obsolescence issue and to improve the security of flight termination systems presently in use on the nation's space launch vehicles. SLFTS development was implemented in a four phase approach with the goal of producing a high secure, cost effective flight termination system for United Launch Alliance (ULA) and the United States Air Force (USAF) Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV). These detailed study phases developed the requirements, design and implementation approach for a new high secure flight termination system. Studies led to a cost effective approach to replace the High Alphabet Command Receiver Decoders (HA-CRD) presently used on the EELV (Delta-IV & Atlas-V), with a common SLFTS unit. SLFTS is the next generation flight termination system for space launch vehicles, providing an assured high secure command destruct system for launch vehicles in flight. The unique capabilities and challenges to develop this technology for space launch use will be addressed in this paper in detail. This paper summarizes the current development status, design and capabilities of SLFTS for EELV. C1 [Ratkevich, Brian; Brierley, Scott] United Launch Alliance, 7630 S Chester St, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. [Lupia, David] Cincinnati Elect, L3 Comm, Mason, OH 45040 USA. [Leiker, Capt Troy] US Air Force, Los Angeles, CA 90245 USA. RP Ratkevich, B (reprint author), United Launch Alliance, 7630 S Chester St, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. EM brian.a.ratkevich@ulalaunch.com; scott.r.brierley@ulalaunch.com; david.lupia@L-3com.com; troy.leiker@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123901094 ER PT S AU Pavlidis, S Morcillo, CAD Song, P Khan, WT Fitch, R Gillespie, J Febo, R Quach, T Papapolymerou, J AF Pavlidis, Spyridon Morcillo, Carlos A. Donado Song, Peter Khan, Wasif T. Fitch, Robert Gillespie, James Febo, Rey Quach, Tony Papapolymerou, John GP IEEE TI A Hybrid GaN/Organic X-Band Transmitter Module SO 2013 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS) SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 20-23, 2013 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) DE Gallium nitride; organic materials; x-band; power amplifier; antenna arrays AB The design and implementation of a compact, flexible and lightweight X-band transmitter (Tx) module based on high-power gallium nitride (GaN) transistor technology and a low-cost organic package made from liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is presented. In-package measurements of the power amplifier (PA) at 8 GHz show a P.A.E.(max) of >31%, P-1dB of 20 dBm and gain of 11.42 dB. A 4x1 patch antenna array was also fabricated on the same platform. Though no thermal management was used, an effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) in excess of 20 dBm at 10 GHz was measured for the transmitter module, consisting of only a single-stage PA and antenna array, thus demonstrating that even greater performance can be achieved in the future. C1 [Pavlidis, Spyridon; Morcillo, Carlos A. Donado; Song, Peter; Khan, Wasif T.; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fitch, Robert; Gillespie, James; Febo, Rey; Quach, Tony] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pavlidis, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM spavlidis@gatech.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4673-2932-3; 978-1-4673-2929-3 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2013 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFO61 UT WOS:000320762900078 ER PT S AU Duan, XF Pachter, R Brewer, KJ Farmer, BL AF Duan, Xiaofeng Pachter, Ruth Brewer, Karen J. Farmer, Barry L. BE Alexandrov, V Lees, M Krzhizhanovskaya, V Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI A density functional theory investigation on the properties of supramolecular catalysts for photoinitiated electron collection SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY JUN 05-07, 2013 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Univ Amsterdam, Univ Tennessee, Nanyang Technol Univ, Barcelona Super Comp Ctr DE Mixed-metal supramolecular complex; density functional theory; time dependent density functional theory; electronic spectrum; electron transfer ID PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; LIGHT INDUCED PHOTOCLEAVAGE; TD-DFT; COMPLEXES; DNA; BPY=2,2-BIPYRIDINE; RHODIUM(III); ABSORPTION; CHARGE AB In this work we investigated by density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) supramolecular complexes for photoinitiated electron collection, in particular [{(bpy)(2)Ru(dpp)}(2)RhCl2](5+) and related catalysts derived by variation of the ligand/metal. The electron collection in this class of catalysts enables hydrogen production or DNA cleavage, among other applications. Changes in excitation energies upon variation of the ligand/metal were mostly consistent with experiment, and within the expected TDDFT accuracy, thus enabling their use as the basis for further analysis. Indeed, the consistency observed between the predicted excitation energy and the bridging ligand's reduction potential can assist in catalyst design for electron collection. Calculated fragment orbital energies could explain, in part, changes in the propensity towards photocleavage of DNA. C1 [Duan, Xiaofeng; Pachter, Ruth; Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Xiaofeng] Air Force Res Lab, DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brewer, Karen J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 18 BP 779 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.242 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR52 UT WOS:000321051200079 ER PT J AU Coletta, D Garcia, D AF Coletta, D. Garcia, D. BE Matlary, JH Petersson, M TI Willing and Able? Spanish Statecraft as Brokerage SO NATO'S EUROPEAN ALLIES: MILITARY CAPABILITY AND POLITICAL WILL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLD-WAR; STRATEGIC CULTURE; EUROPE; SPAIN C1 [Coletta, D.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Garcia, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Int Studies, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-03500-4 PY 2013 BP 178 EP 204 D2 10.1057/9781137035004 PG 27 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BFI09 UT WOS:000319964800010 ER PT J AU Nergiz, SZ Slocik, JM Naik, RR Singamaneni, S AF Nergiz, Saide Z. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. Singamaneni, Srikanth TI Surface defect sites facilitate fibrillation: an insight into adsorption of gold-binding peptides on Au(111) SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLING PEPTIDES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR BIOMIMETICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACE; METAL; PALLADIUM; DIFFUSION; PROTEINS AB We report new evidence on the surface defect dependent fibrillation of cysteine-free gold-binding peptides (identified from a phage-display peptide library) upon adsorption onto the Au(111) surface revealed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Dramatic changes in the persistence length and binding conformation of the peptide fibrils on Au(111) have been demonstrated to occur via surface reorganization of the peptide. Moreover, surface defect sites played a governing role in initiating fibrillation. These observations could provide new insight into engineering bio-nano interfaces for self-assembly, biotemplating and biotic-abiotic hybrid material systems and device platforms. C1 [Nergiz, Saide Z.; Singamaneni, Srikanth] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Dayton, OH USA. RP Singamaneni, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Brooking Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM singamaneni@seas.wustl.edu FU AFRL/RX; AFOSR FX We would like thank AFRL/RX and AFOSR for financial support. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 28 BP 11629 EP 11633 DI 10.1039/c3cp50972a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 175AN UT WOS:000321201500005 PM 23775036 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL AF Blackshire, James L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI FORWARD AND BACKSCATTER ENERGY FIELD PATTERNS FROM LOCALIZED DAMAGE SITES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ultrasonic Testing; Diffraction; Wavefronts ID DIFFRACTION; ULTRASOUND; INSPECTION; CRACKS AB The scattering of ultrasound energy from localized damage sites has been studied extensively by numerous researchers and is of significant interest for quantitative NDE. Damage detection and basic sizing information have, for example, been provided using scattered energy reflection and transmission levels, time-of-flight signal analysis, crack-tip diffraction, and many other methods. In the present effort, finite element models and experimental measurements are used to understand edge diffraction effects, which can impact both the detection and accurate sizing of damage features. The results suggest that edge diffraction can generate localized energy fields in the forward and backscatter directions, causing signal content to vary. A simple analytic explanation of the observed effects is provided along with potential implications for damage characterization - both positive and negative. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1063/1.4789035 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600009 ER PT S AU Nalladega, V Sathish, S Blodgett, M AF Nalladega, V. Sathish, S. Blodgett, M. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI INVESTIGATION OF ACOUSTIC FIELDS GENERATED BY EDDY CURRENTS USING AN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Acoustic Fields; Eddy Currents; Atomic Force Microscopy ID TRANSDUCERS; DESIGN; WAVE AB This paper reports the experimental measurement and imaging of the acoustic fields generated by low-frequency eddy currents in metals in the absence of an external static magnetic field using a modified atomic force microscope. Acoustic displacements in a typical metal placed in eddy current field without static magnetic field were theoretically computed and found to be in the range of few hundred picometers. A modified atomic force microscope was used to detect and measure the acoustic displacements in a single crystal copper. The setup was also used to image acoustic fields in a titanium alloy sample. Details of the modified AFM to measure and image acoustic displacements are presented. The role of electrical and elastic properties on the contrast in acoustic images of Ti-6Al-4V sample is discussed. C1 [Nalladega, V.; Sathish, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blodgett, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nalladega, V (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Nalladegav1@udayton.edu; shamachary.sathish.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI); AFRL, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [FA8650-09-D5224, F33615-03-3-9001, F33615-03-C-5219] FX V. Nalladega acknowledges the financial support of the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI). The authors acknowledge the financial support from AFRL, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, for this study under contract # FA8650-09-D5224, F33615-03-3-9001 and F33615-03-C-5219. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1063/1.14789082 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600056 ER PT S AU Cherry, A Knopp, J Aldrin, JC Sabbagh, HA Boehnlein, T Mooers, R AF Cherry, Aaron Knopp, Jeremy Aldrin, John C. Sabbagh, Harold A. Boehnlein, Thomas Mooers, Ryan BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ROLE OF VARYING INTERFACE CONDITIONS ON THE EDDY CURRENT RESPONSE FROM CRACKS IN MULTILAYER STRUCTURES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Eddy Current; Contact Conditions; Gaps; Models; Multilayer Structures ID CURRENT INSPECTION; SITES AB There is a need to improve the understanding of the role of interface conditions on eddy current inspections for cracks in multilayer aircraft structures. This paper presents initial experimental and simulated results studying the influence of gaps and contact conditions between two plates with a notch in the second layer. Simulations show an amplification of the eddy current signal for a subsurface notch adjacent to an air gap as opposed to a submerged notch in a solid plate. C1 [Cherry, Aaron] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy] Struct Mat Div, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Comp Tools, Chicago, IL 60031 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] LLC, Victor Technol, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Boehnlein, Thomas; Mooers, Ryan] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cherry, A (reprint author), Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. EM aaron.cherry.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; aldrin@computationaltools.com; has@sabbagh.com; rymooers32@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [11RX15COR] FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and Dr. David Stargel in particular for supporting this research under task number 11RX15COR. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 456 EP 463 DI 10.1063/1.14789083 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600057 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Motes, D Forsyth, DS Steffes, G AF Aldrin, John C. Motes, Doyle Forsyth, David S. Steffes, Gary BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ENHANCED IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS FOR GMR ARRAY INSPECTIONS OF MULTILAYER METALLIC STRUCTURES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Arrays; Cracks; Eddy Current; Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors; Image Processing ID SENSOR AB The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive approach to image processing for Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) array sensors with sheet current sources for the inspection of fatigue cracks in complex metallic structures. The approach incorporates optimal phase angle adjustment, array sensitivity compensation, fastener site identification, an adaptive edge evaluation and removal algorithm and a classification metric. Processing examples are presented that highlight the benefits of these algorithms for improving crack detection for challenging edge and fastener spacing conditions. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, 4275 Chatham Ave, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Steffes, Gary] Wright Patterson AFB, AFRL, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Motes, Doyle; Forsyth, David S.] TRI Austin, Austin, TX 78746 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, 4275 Chatham Ave, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com FU UTC [10-S7104-01-C1]; AFRL [FA8650-10-D-5210]; Mark Keiser of TRI/Austin; Charles Buynak; Eric Lindgren; Steve Russ of AFRL; Nancy Wood; David Fortner; Don Palmer of Boeing FX Work on this program is performed under: UTC Subcontract # 10-S7104-01-C1 and AFRL Prime Contract # FA8650-10-D-5210. The authors would like to thank Mark Keiser of TRI/Austin, Charles Buynak, Eric Lindgren, and Steve Russ of AFRL, and Nancy Wood, David Fortner, and Don Palmer of Boeing for support for this work. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1063/1.4789114 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600088 ER PT S AU Dierken, J Aldrin, JC Holec, R LaCivita, M Shearer, J Lindgren, E AF Dierken, Josiah Aldrin, John C. Holec, Robert LaCivita, Michael Shearer, Joshua Lindgren, Eric BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI PROGRESS IN DEFECT QUANTIFICATION IN MULTI-LAYERED STRUCTURES USING ULTRASONIC INSPECTION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Fastener Sites; Image Processing; Multilayer Structures; Ultrasonic NDE AB This study investigates the ability to resolve flaws in aluminum panel stack-ups representative of aircraft structural components. Using immersion ultrasound techniques, the specimens were examined for known fatigue cracks and electric discharge machined (EDM) notches at various fastener sites. Initial assessments suggested a possible trend between measured ultrasound parameters of flaw intensity and size, and known physical defect length. To improve analytical reliability and efficiency, development of automated data analysis (ADA) algorithms has been initiated. C1 [Dierken, Josiah] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [LaCivita, Michael; Shearer, Joshua; Lindgren, Eric] Air Force Base Wright Patterson, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee 60031, IL USA. [Holec, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dierken, J (reprint author), Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. EM josiah.dierken.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; aldrin@computationaltools.com; eric.lindgren@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1063/1.4789123 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600097 ER PT S AU Chen, MY Ko, RT Hoppe, WC Blackshire, JL AF Chen, M. Y. Ko, R. T. Hoppe, W. C. Blackshire, J. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ULTRASONIC ASSESSMENT OF BONDING INTEGRITY IN FOAM-BASED HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Ultrasound; Bonding Integrity; Foam-Based; Hybrid Composite Materials AB Ultrasonic assessment of the bonding integrity between a composite layer and a foam substrate in foam-based hybrid composite materials was explored. The challenges of this task are: (1) the foam has air-like acoustic impedance and (2) contact surface wave generation on polymer matrix composites (PMC) is not conventional. To meet these challenges, a novel wedge made of a low velocity material was developed. The results showed that the bonding condition in these composites can be identified by monitoring the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals received. C1 [Chen, M. Y.; Blackshire, J. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ko, R. T.; Hoppe, W. C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, College Pk, MD 45469 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ray.Ko@udri.udayton.edu; wally.hoppe@udri.udayton.edu; James.Blackshire@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX This work was performed under Air Force contract #FA8650-05-D-5052. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 995 EP 1002 DI 10.1063/1.4789152 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600126 ER PT S AU Flattum, RY Cooney, AT AF Flattum, Richard Y. Cooney, Adam T. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF DEGRADATION IN EB-PVD THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BY INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Infrared; Spectroscopy; Thermal Barrier Coating ID CREEP-BEHAVIOR; ZIRCONIA; SYSTEMS AB At room temperature and atmospheric conditions infrared reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed for the detection of the phase transformation and residual stress within thermal barrier coatings (TBC). The TBC's samples initially consisted of the porous ceramic topcoat deposited by electron beam plasma vapor deposition, a bond coat and a superalloy substrate. Reflectance spectroscopy scans were performed from 7497 cm(-1) to 68 cm-1 to analysis the fingerprint region as well as the chemical bonding region. These regions should indicate if a detectable change within the TBC response is a result of thermal degradation of the microstructure and the changes in yttrium dispersion throughout the yttrium stabilized zirconium. The thermal degradation was induced by thermal cycling the samples to 1100 C and then cooling them in an atmospheric environment. X-ray diffraction was also used to detect the phase composition within the TBC samples and see if either would clearly identify failure prior to actual spallation. The eventual measurability and quantify-ability of the phase changes within the TBC's may be used as an effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique that would allow personnel in the field to know when servicing of the turbine blade was necessary. C1 [Flattum, Richard Y.; Cooney, Adam T.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NonDestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Flattum, RY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NonDestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.flattum-riemers@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1063/1.4789169 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600143 ER PT S AU Martin, RW Mooers, RD Hutson, AL Sathish, S Blodgett, MP AF Martin, R. W. Mooers, R. D. Hutson, A. L. Sathish, S. Blodgett, M. P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NONLINEAR ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS AHEAD OF A NOTCH DURING FATIGUE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Nonlinear Acoustics; Fatigue; beta Parameter; Stress Raiser ID HARMONIC-GENERATION; DAMAGE AB This paper presents measurements of relative nonlinear acoustic parameter (beta(rel)), ahead of a notch in Al 7075-T651 dog bone samples, subjected to fatigue. It is compared with crack growth measurements on the same samples. Measurements performed on two samples subjected to identical fatigue conditions that failed at vastly different number of fatigue cycles are described. The beta(rel) measurement for both samples as a function of fatigue cycles was fit a Boltzmann curve. The role of changing beta(rel) ahead of a notch is explored as a possible approach for remain life evaluation. C1 [Martin, R. W.; Blodgett, M. P.] USAF, Res Lab, RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rymooers32@gmail.com; shamachary.sathish.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1234 EP 1241 DI 10.1063/1.4789184 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600158 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS Sabbagh, HA AF Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. Sabbagh, Harold A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI BAYESIAN METHODS IN PROBABILITY OF DETECTION ESTIMATION AND MODEL-ASSISTED PROBABILITY OF DETECTION EVALUATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Bayesian Methods; Eddy Current; Model-Assisted POD; POD Evaluation AB In this paper, the application of Bayesian methods for probability of detection (POD) estimation and the model-assisted probability of detection methodology is explored. A demonstration of Bayesian estimation for an eddy current POD evaluation case study is presented and compared with conventional approaches. Hierarchical Bayes models are introduced for estimating parameters including random variables in physics-based models. Results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneously estimating model calibration parameters, model random variables and measurement error. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, 4275 Chatham Ave, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, 4275 Chatham Ave, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; has@sabbagh.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [11RX15COR] FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and Dr. David Stargel in particular for supporting this research under task number 11RX15COR. The authors thank Chuck Annis (Statistical Engineering), David Forsyth (TRI/Austin) and Eric Lindgren (AFRL) for useful discussions on the subject. The authors also thank Chuck Annis for his work on the mh1823 software in R and David Forsyth and Chris Coughlin of TRI/Austin for work on the POD Toolkit. For more information on using Bayesian tools for POD evaluation, see www.computationaltools.com/Bayes. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1733 EP 1740 DI 10.1063/1.4789250 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600224 ER PT S AU Sabbagh, EH Murphy, RK Sabbagh, HA Aldrin, JC Knopp, J Blodgett, MP AF Sabbagh, Elias H. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Harold A. Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy Blodgett, Mark P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI STOCHASTIC-INTEGRAL MODELS FOR PROPAGATION-OF-UNCERTAINTY PROBLEMS IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Volume-Integral Equations; Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation; Generalized Polynomial Chaos; Probabilistic Collocation Method AB Generalized polynomical chaos (gPC), the probabilistic collocation method (PCM), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are finding considerable application to problems of interest to engineers in which random parameters are an essential feature of the mathematical model. So far the applications have been mainly to stochastic partial differential equations, but we extend the method to volume-integral equations, which have met great success in electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE), especially with eddy-currents. The problems of main interest to the NDE community in this connection are concerned with the issue of 'propagation of uncertainty' when the relevant parameters are not well characterized, or are known simply as random variables. We demonstrate the ideas by considering a metallic surface that has undergone a shot-peening treatment to reduce residual stresses, and has, therefore, become a random conductivity field. In particular, we show how ANOVA becomes a very promising method for high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) when there are a large number of random variables present in the problem. C1 [Sabbagh, Elias H.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technol LLC, POB 7706, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy; Blodgett, Mark P.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabbagh, EH (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, POB 7706, Bloomington, IN 47407 USA. EM has@sabbagh.com; aldrin@computationaltools.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.1063/1.4789254 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600228 ER PT S AU Lindgren, EA Stargel, D AF Lindgren, E. A. Stargel, D. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI USAF PERSPECTIVE ON FOUNDATIONAL CHALLENGES FOR ENHANCED DAMAGE SENSING SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Damage Sensing; Challenges; Complexity; Variability; Boundary Conditions AB Structural integrity programs of the United States Air Force (USAF) include periodic inspection to detect damage before it grows to a critical size that can impact the safety of USAF systems. Current inspection methods have been used successfully to ensure the required risk metrics for these systems are being met as mandated by the relevant USAF Standards. However, there is a continual desire to improve the capability of inspection methods while increasing the efficiency and reliability of these methods. As new approaches are being explored for the enhancement of damage sensing, a number of foundational issues that represent hurdles for the application of these enhancements have been identified. This paper provides background of how damage sensing is used by the USAF and expands on identified foundational challenges that represent technical barriers to the implementation of new damage sensing methods. As the desired capability of the damage sensing methods expand from detection of damage to the characterization of damage, the degree of complexity grows and additional challenges emerge. Representative case studies are used to illustrate challenges for detection, localization and characterization of damage. C1 [Lindgren, E. A.] US AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stargel, D.] Air Force Off Sci Res, US Air Force Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lindgren, EA (reprint author), US AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.lindgren@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1839 EP 1845 DI 10.1063/1.4789264 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600238 ER PT J AU Nagraj, N Slocik, JM Phillips, DM Kelley-Loughnane, N Naik, RR Potyrailo, RA AF Nagraj, Nandini Slocik, Joseph M. Phillips, David M. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Naik, Rajesh R. Potyrailo, Radislav A. TI Selective sensing of vapors of similar dielectric constants using peptide-capped gold nanoparticles on individual multivariable transducers SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID CHEMIRESISTOR SENSOR; FILMS; ARRAYS; IDENTIFICATION; HUMIDITY; COATINGS AB Peptide-capped AYSSGAPPMPPF gold nanoparticles were demonstrated for highly selective chemical vapor sensing using individual multivariable inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) resonators. Their multivariable response was achieved by measuring their resonance impedance spectra followed by multivariate spectral analysis. Detection of model toxic vapors and chemical agent simulants, such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane and methyl salicylate, was performed. Dichloromethane (dielectric constant epsilon(r) = 9.1) and methyl salicylate (epsilon(r) - 9.0) were discriminated using a single sensor. These sensing materials coupled to multivariable transducers can provide numerous opportunities for tailoring the vapor response selectivity based on the diversity of the amino acid composition of the peptides, and by the modulation of the nature of peptide-nanoparticle interactions through designed combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. C1 [Nagraj, Nandini; Potyrailo, Radislav A.] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Chem & Chem Engn Global Technol Domain, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Phillips, David M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Potyrailo, RA (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Chem & Chem Engn Global Technol Domain, Niskayuna, NY USA. EM Potyrailo@crd.ge.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-C-6869]; GE Corporate fundamental research funds; AFOSR FX The authors acknowledge Mallikarjun Karadge for technical assistance, Ihor Tokarev for the photo shown in Fig. 1B, and James Grande for TEM image analysis. This work has been supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract FA8650-08-C-6869), GE Corporate fundamental research funds, and AFOSR (R.R.N.). NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2013 VL 138 IS 15 BP 4334 EP 4339 DI 10.1039/c3an00088e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 174JU UT WOS:000321152300016 PM 23666395 ER PT B AU Pavlidis, S Morcillo, CAD Song, P Khan, WT Fitch, R Gillespie, J Febo, R Quach, T Papapolymerou, J AF Pavlidis, Spyridon Morcillo, Carlos A. Donado Song, Peter Khan, Wasif T. Fitch, Robert Gillespie, James Febo, Rey Quach, Tony Papapolymerou, John GP IEEE TI A Hybrid GaN/Organic X-Band Transmitter Module SO 2013 IEEE 13TH TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS (SIRF) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 13th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF) CY JAN 21-23, 2013 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, MTT S, APS, IEEE Commun Soc, EMB DE Gallium nitride; organic materials; x-band; power amplifier; antenna arrays AB The design and implementation of a compact, flexible and lightweight X-band transmitter (Tx) module based on high-power gallium nitride (GaN) transistor technology and a low-cost organic package made from liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is presented. In-package measurements of the power amplifier (PA) at 8 GHz show a P. A. E. max of >31%, P1dB of 20 dBm and gain of 11.42 dB. A 4x1 patch antenna array was also fabricated on the same platform. Though no thermal management was used, an effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) in excess of 20 dBm at 10 GHz was measured for the transmitter module, consisting of only a single-stage PA and antenna array, thus demonstrating that even greater performance can be achieved in the future. C1 [Pavlidis, Spyridon; Morcillo, Carlos A. Donado; Song, Peter; Khan, Wasif T.; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fitch, Robert; Gillespie, James; Febo, Rey; Quach, Tony] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pavlidis, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM spavlidis@gatech.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1553-1; 978-1-4673-1552-4 PY 2013 BP 141 EP 143 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFO21 UT WOS:000320727000048 ER PT J AU Melko, JJ Ard, SG Fournier, JA Li, J Shuman, NS Guo, H Troe, J Viggiano, AA AF Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Fournier, Joseph A. Li, Jun Shuman, Nicholas S. Guo, Hua Troe, Juergen Viggiano, Albert A. TI Iron cation catalyzed reduction of N2O by CO: gas-phase temperature dependent kinetics SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATE-SPECIFIC REACTIONS; FORMING BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; TRANSITION-METAL CATIONS; ADIABATIC CHANNEL MODEL; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; 2-STATE REACTIVITY; BOND ACTIVATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; DIPOLE CAPTURE; ATOMIC CATIONS AB The ion-molecule reactions F-e+ + N2O -> FeO+ + N-2 and FeO+ + CO -> Fe+ + CO2, which catalyze the reaction CO + N2O -> CO2 + N-2, have been studied over the temperature range 120-700 K using a variable temperature selected ion flow tube apparatus. Values of the rate constants for the former two reactions were experimentally derived as k(2) (10(-11) cm(3) s(-1)) = 2.0(+/- 0.3) (T/300)(-1.5(+/- 0.2)) + 6.3(+/- 0.9) exp(-515(+/- 77)/T) and k(3) (10(-10) cm(3) s(-1)) = 3.1(+/- 0.1) (T/300)(-0.9(+/- 0.1)). Characterizing the energy parameters of the reactions by density functional theory at the B3LYP/TZVP level, the rate constants are modeled, accounting for the intermediate formation of complexes. The reactions are characterized by nonstatistical intrinsic dynamics and rotation-dependent competition between forward and backward fluxes. For Fe+ + N2O, sextet-quartet switching of the potential energy surfaces is quantified. The rate constant for the clustering reaction FeO+ + N2O + He -> FeO(N2O)(+) + He was also measured, being k(4) (10(-27) cm(6) s(-1)) = 1.1(+/- 0.1) (T/300)(-2.5(+/- 0.1)) in the low pressure limit, and analyzed in terms of unimolecular rate theory. C1 [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fournier, Joseph A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Li, Jun; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Albert.Viggiano@kirtland.af.mil RI Li, Jun/H-4980-2013; Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014 OI Li, Jun/0000-0003-2392-8322; Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program; Department of Defense through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; EOARD [FA8655-11-1-3077]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15694] FX N.S.S. and A. A. V. are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S. G. A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. J.A.F. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program, as well as the Department of Defense for support through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. J.T. acknowledges support from the EOARD Grant Award FA8655-11-1-3077. J.L. and H. G. acknowledge support from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER15694). NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 27 BP 11257 EP 11267 DI 10.1039/c3cp50335f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 166MB UT WOS:000320557600010 PM 23722386 ER PT J AU Vernon, JP Hrozhyk, UA Serak, SV Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF Vernon, Jonathan P. Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A. Serak, Svetlana V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Optically Reconfigurable Reflective/Scattering States Enabled with Photosensitive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Cells SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMMAND SURFACES; ALIGNMENT; PHOTOALIGNMENT; POLYIMIDE; LIGHT; ORIENTATION; POLYMER; BLENDS AB Circularly polarized light is employed to write information into cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) cells that initially exhibit homogeneous planar alignment and are fabricated with a photoaligning boundary layer. Overlap of the writing beam with light reflected from the CLC phase disrupts the reflective Grand-jean texture, resulting in a localized region that strongly scatters light. These scattering areas can be geometrically patterned using circularly polarized light and a mask, erased and brought back to the original reflective condition by exposure to linearly polarized light, and then repatterned with a different mask using circularly polarized light. The light-induced scattering is localized to the side of the cell being exposed. Within the scattering region a microscopic texture is formed, which exhibits an average feature, or "domain", size related to cell thickness and helical pitch. The behavior occurs only when the CLC and incoming writing radiation exhibit the same handedness and when the reflection bandwidth of the CLC is commensurate with the wavelength of the incoming radiation. This new phenomena provides the ability to reconfigure reflectivity from a CLC cell and is expected to be useful for systems where all optical control of dynamic information is needed. C1 [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vernon, Jonathan P.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A.; Serak, Svetlana V.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; DoD SBIR program FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the DoD SBIR program. CLC schematic adapted from work provided by Michael E. McConney. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1002/adom.201200014 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 172IZ UT WOS:000320997600010 ER PT S AU Boakye, EE Keller, KA Mogilevsky, PS Parthasarathy, TA Ahrens, MA Hay, RS Cinibulk, MK AF Boakye, Emmanuel E. Keller, Kristin A. Mogilevsky, Pavel S. Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Ahrens, Mark A. Hay, Randall S. Cinibulk, Michael K. BE Singh, D Salem, J Halbig, M Mathur, S TI PROCESSING AND TESTING RE2SI2O7 MATRIX COMPOSITES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VII SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; YTTRIUM DISILICATE; MONAZITE COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; GAMMA-Y2SI2O7; STABILITY; POLYMORPHISM; STRENGTH; Y2SI2O7 AB In prior work, the synthesis of alpha, beta and gamma-Re2Si2O7 powders (Re = Y and Ho) at temperatures from 1000 degrees to 1400 degrees C in air was reported, along with the Vickers hardness of dense gamma-Y2Si2O7 and gamma-Ho2Si2O7 polymorphs. Dense gamma-Y2Si2O7 and gamma-Ho2Si2O7 pellets were made by a pressureless sintering technique at 1400 degrees C / 8 h. Using the pressureless sintering technique, densification of alpha-and beta-Y2Si2O7 powder compacts at their phase formation temperature (1000 degrees -1200 degrees C) was not successful and prevented the determination of their hardness. In this work, the field assisted sintering technique (FAST) was used to form dense alpha-, beta- and gamma-Y2Si2O7 pellets at a pressure of 20 kN and temperatures of 1050 degrees -1200 degrees C. Subsequently, their Vickers hardness was measured. SCS-0 fibers were also incorporated into alpha- , beta-and gamma-Y2Si2O7 matrixes and densified at 1050 degrees C -1200 degrees C / 1 h using the FAST approach. Fiber push-out experiments were conducted, and the average sliding stress values were determined. C1 [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Keller, Kristin A.; Mogilevsky, Pavel S.; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Ahrens, Mark A.; Hay, Randall S.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21746-7; 978-1-118-20588-4 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFH88 UT WOS:000319911600023 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, GE Hart, A Potticary, S Bouffioux, R AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. E. Hart, A. Potticary, S. Bouffioux, R. BE Singh, D Salem, J Halbig, M Mathur, S TI KINETICS OF PASSIVE OXIDATION OF HI-NICALON-S SiC FIBERS IN WET AIR: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SiO2 SCALE THICKNESS, CRYSTALLIZATION, AND FIBER STRENGTH SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VII SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID SILICON-CARBIDE FIBERS; LOW-OXYGEN CONTENT; THERMAL-OXIDATION; WATER-VAPOR; TENSILE-STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; TRANSFORMATION; COMPOSITES; ATMOSPHERE AB The strengths of Hi-Nicalon(TM)-S SiC fibers were measured after oxidation in wet air between 700 and 1300 C. The oxidation and scale crystallization kinetics were also measured. Thicknesses of amorphous and crystalline scale were measured by TEM. Oxidation initially produces an amorphous scale that starts to crystallize to cristobalite and tridymite in 100 hours at 1000 C or in one hour at 1300 C. Crystallization kinetics for oxidation in wet air were slightly slower than those for dry air. The activation energy of 249kJ/mol for parabolic oxidation to uncrystallized SiO2 scale in wet air was indistinguishable from that for dry air oxidation, but the pre-exponential factor was similar to 2x higher. SiC fiber strength changes with oxidation in dry and wet air were very similar. The fiber strength increased by approximately 10% for SiO2 scale thickness up to similar to 100 nm, and decreased for thicker scales. No significant strength degradation was observed for amorphous scales. All fibers with significantly degraded strength had crystallized or partially crystallized scales. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hart, A.; Potticary, S.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Bouffioux, R.] New Mexico Tech Univ, Socorro, NM USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21746-7; 978-1-118-20588-4 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFH88 UT WOS:000319911600025 ER PT J AU Corner, B Reed, M Hudson, J Zehner, G AF Corner, Brian Reed, Matt Hudson, Jeff Zehner, Greg TI Use of geometric data in human factors and ergonomic applications. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-13, 2013 CL Knoxville, TN SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Corner, Brian] USA, Natick Soldier RDEC, Washington, DC USA. [Reed, Matt] Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zehner, Greg] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2013 VL 150 SU 56 SI SI BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 132BR UT WOS:000318043201169 ER PT B AU Levicoff, E Porat, M Klatt, BA AF Levicoff, Eric Porat, Manny Klatt, Brian A. BA Parvizi, J Klatt, BA BF Parvizi, J Klatt, BA TI OPERATING ROOM SETUP SO ESSENTIALS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; SURGICAL-SITE INFECTIONS; TOTAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY; KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; SKIN PREPARATION; CONTAMINATION; REPLACEMENT C1 [Levicoff, Eric] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Porat, Manny] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Levicoff, E (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-870-8 PY 2013 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BFF94 UT WOS:000319708000016 ER PT B AU Ghanem, E Parvizi, J Klatt, BA AF Ghanem, Elie Parvizi, Javad Klatt, Brian A. BA Parvizi, J Klatt, BA BF Parvizi, J Klatt, BA TI IMPLANTS SO ESSENTIALS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; METAL-ON-METAL; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; ACETABULAR COMPONENTS; FEMORAL COMPONENT; CEMENTLESS; POLYETHYLENE; REPLACEMENT; FIXATION; 10-YEAR C1 [Ghanem, Elie] New England Baptist Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Boston, MA USA. [Parvizi, Javad] Rothman Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Parvizi, Javad] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Ghanem, E (reprint author), New England Baptist Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Boston, MA USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-870-8 PY 2013 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BFF94 UT WOS:000319708000017 ER EF