FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ahmadian, CHR Tankersley, M Otto, H AF Ahmadian, Homayoun R. Tankersley, Michael Otto, Hans TI Sentinel Case of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus Causing Constrictive Pericarditis Presenting as Hypogammaglobulinemia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIA; DEFICIENCY AB This is a unique case of a previously healthy 7-year-old boy, which highlights the importance of considering immunodeficiency when a rare infection occurs. In the following case report, the patient develops constrictive pericarditis secondary to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. As a result of this infection, we speculate that he develops hypogammaglobulinemia secondary to the documented association between constrictive pericarditis and intestinal lymphangiectasia because an extensive work-up for a primary immunodeficiency was negative. This is the first case ever to present constrictive pericarditis because of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. C1 [Ahmadian, Homayoun R.; Otto, Hans] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tankersley, Michael] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ahmadian, CHR (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 176 IS 5 BP 589 EP 591 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 792XM UT WOS:000292783700025 ER PT J AU Cigrang, JA Rauch, SAM Avila, LL Bryan, CJ Goodie, JL Hryshko-Mullen, A Peterson, AL AF Cigrang, Jeffrey A. Rauch, Sheila A. M. Avila, Laura L. Bryan, Craig J. Goodie, Jeffrey L. Hryshko-Mullen, Ann Peterson, Alan L. CA STRONG STAR Consortium TI Treatment of Active-Duty Military With PTSD in Primary Care: Early Findings SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES LA English DT Article DE primary care; PTSD; treatment; military; veterans ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COGNITIVE-PROCESSING THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; SUICIDE IDEATION; ASSAULT VICTIMS; STEPPED CARE; IRAQ WAR AB The study presents early findings from an ongoing pilot study of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for assisting active-duty military members with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) designed for use by psychologists working in an integrated primary care clinic. Treatment protocol is based primarily on Prolonged Exposure but also includes elements of Cognitive Processing Therapy that were adapted for use in primary care. Individuals were recruited from the population of patients consulted to the psychologist by primary care providers during routine clinical care. The 15 participants include active-duty or activated reserve Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom veterans seeking help for deployment-related PTSD symptoms, with a PTSD Checklist-Military Version score 32, and interest in treatment for PTSD in primary care. Baseline and 1-month posttreatment follow-up evaluations were conducted by an independent evaluator. Five participants (33%) dropped out of the intervention after one or two appointments. Using the last observation carried forward for intent-to-treat analyses, the results showed that PTSD severity, depression, and global mental health functioning all significantly improved with the intervention. Fifty percent of treatment completers no longer met criteria for PTSD. C1 [Cigrang, Jeffrey A.; Hryshko-Mullen, Ann] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rauch, Sheila A. M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rauch, Sheila A. M.] VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, West Haven, CT USA. [Avila, Laura L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Bryan, Craig J.; Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Goodie, Jeffrey L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Cigrang, JA (reprint author), Minot AFB, Med Grp 5, Minot, ND 58704 USA. EM jeffrey.cigrang@minot.af.mil RI Rauch, Sheila/K-4450-2015; OI Rauch, Sheila/0000-0001-9686-4011; Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1541-1559 J9 PSYCHOL SERV JI Psychol. Serv. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1037/a0022740 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 789QJ UT WOS:000292530100005 ER PT J AU Black, JT Cobb, RG Swenson, ED Cooper, BJ AF Black, Jonathan T. Cobb, Richard G. Swenson, Eric D. Cooper, Brett J. TI Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment Space Flight Data Analysis SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 50th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY MAY 02-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID THIN-FILM TORUS AB The rigidizable inflatable get-away-special experiment was run successfully onboard STS-123 (Endeavour) in March 2008. The experiment was designed and built by graduate students at the Air Force Institute of Technology, and returned there following the shuttle flight for postflight analysis. The experiment's objectives were to demonstrate in space the stowage, deployment, and rigidization techniques of carbon fiber composite inflatable rigidizable cylindrical booms. It was a canister-for-all-payload-ejections space shuttle cargo bay experiment, during which three 50.8 cm- (20 in.)-long carbon fiber composite booms were heated and inflated in a microgravity vacuum environment, and the structural characteristics and the deployment accuracy of the booms were examined. All three booms deployed and rigidized, completing all primary mission objectives. Pressure, temperature, modal response, and position data were collected successfully on orbit and compared here with ground test data. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using lightweight and low stowage volume (high packaging ratio) inflatable/rigidizable space structures for space mission applications. C1 [Black, Jonathan T.; Cobb, Richard G.; Swenson, Eric D.; Cooper, Brett J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Black, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.2514/1.50939 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 780HS UT WOS:000291845700010 ER PT J AU Swihart, DE Barfield, AF Griffin, EM Lehmann, RC Whitcomb, SC Flynn, B Skoog, MA Processor, KE AF Swihart, Donald E. Barfield, Arthur F. Griffin, Edward M. Lehmann, Richard C. Whitcomb, Shawn C. Flynn, Billie Skoog, Mark A. Processor, Kevin E. TI Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System Design, Integration, & Flight Test SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Currently, the majority of collision avoidance systems on fighter aircraft depend on the pilot taking action whenever a warning is issued by the manual system. Any future substantial reductions in mishap rates will require extending the collision avoidance technology to systems that not only warn the pilot but also take control and fly the aircraft out of danger before returning control to the pilot. An Automatic G round Collision Avoidance System (Auto GCAS) will provide this extension of collision avoidance technology. Much work has been accomplished over the past 2 0 years in the developing and testing of an Auto GCAS. In the past three years, a Fighter Risk Reduction Program (FRRP) has been undertaken by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Froce Base. This program is a joint effort between AFRL, NASA Dryden, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics, and the Air Force Flight Test Center. The FRRP has advanced Auto GCAS technology to a level now capable of production transition. Results of this effort will be discussed herein. The F-16 test aircraft is shown in Figure I. Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) is defined as collision with terrain, water, trees, or a man-made obstacle during flight prior to planned touchdown. CFIT includes mishaps where the aircraft is controllable and the pilot is actively controlling the aircraft or the pilot's ability to control the aircraft is reduced due to spatial disorientation. CFIT also includes m ishaps where the aircraft is flown in controlled flight to a point where it is no longer possible to avoid unintended ground impact (attempted maneuver with insufficient altitude or airspeed, low altitude over bank, or flight into a box canyon), regardless of subsequent pilot reaction (add power, maneuver to avoid terrain, etc.). Prevention of CFIT m ishaps utilizing Auto GCAS will be presented. The requirements for Auto GCAS and the order of importance of those requirements are discussed herein. This will show why prevention of a nuisance warning has a higher priority than the aircraft recovery and how an automatic system can be designed to basically eliminate nuisances. Discussions will include techniques to develop nuisance criteria by utilizing a Pilot Activated Recovery System (PARS). Discussions will include bow the PARS are used to improve flight safety. In 2005, a goal of reducing CFIT mishaps by 75% was establisbed. To accomplish this goal, the Undersecretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness established a Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC). The DSOC further chartered nine Task Force teams targeting multiple areas where mishap reduction could occur. One task force, the Aviation Safety Improvement Task Force (ASI TF) was chartered with reducing aviation mishaps. The ASI TF formed integrated product teams and working groups to assess aviation mishaps and recommend feasible and effective mitigation strategies. The Safety Technology Working Group (STWG) was the ASI TF working group charged with identifying technological mitigation strategies for aviation mishap reduction. The STWG recommended Auto GCAS as the means to achieve the goal of reducing CFIT mishaps. [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Swihart, Donald E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barfield, Arthur F.] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Griffin, Edward M.; Lehmann, Richard C.; Whitcomb, Shawn C.; Flynn, Billie] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, Ft Worth, TX 76108 USA. [Skoog, Mark A.] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Processor, Kevin E.] Calspan Corp, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Swihart, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 775WU UT WOS:000291495000001 ER PT J AU Lambertson, PC Pletcher, JH Yale, GE AF Lambertson, Paul C. Pletcher, John H., Jr. Yale, Gary E. TI What the United States Air Force is Doing Right About Systems Engineering SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB To address problems in the acquisitions program (e.g., cost overruns, delayed scheduling, engineering design errors, etc.), in 2003 then Secretary of the Air Force, the Honorable James G. Roche and Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General John P. Jumper, went to the U.S. Air Force Academy and asked for help developing a new breed of systems thinkers. The progenitors of the systems engineering major envisioned that a systems thinker would have a foundation in a classical engineering discipline (big E) such as aeronautical, computer, and mechanical engineering. The U.S. Air Force Academy Systems Engineering curriculum is heavily focused on classical engineering disciplines through seven concentration areas. Once the classical engineering foundation is laid, systems engineering (little s) is effectively layered on that basic engineering foundation. Application of systems engineering methods (and tools) culminates in the senior year when all sE cadets participate in a capstone design project. For example, SE-Aeronautical Systems (systems engineering students with an aeronautics foundation) cadets take the aircraft design capstone sequence. In this capstone design the cadet design team (sE and Aero engineering cadets) actually designs to customer requirements (e.g., the next generation bomber), builds a small prototype, flies the prototype, and evaluates its performance. In addition, the cadets perform cost modeling, risk tracking, and briefing of actual U.S. Air Force customers on their design. This systems engineering process better mimics the U.S. Air Force's actual acquisition process where systems engineers are integral to the design team. As the U.S. Air Force's next generation of systems thinkers, these graduates will take this education experience into future aircraft design and acquisition projects. For widest reader applicability, the SE-Aero concentration will be described. This paper focuses on the debate surrounding systems engineering education at the undergraduate level, application to aircraft design and development, and anticipated benefits of this educational investment. C1 [Lambertson, Paul C.] USAF Acad, Div Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lambertson, PC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Div Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Academy FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the sponsorship of the U.S. Air Force Academy's research directorate in publishing this article, and the contributions of Thomas McLaughlin in editing and reviewing the manuscript. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 771 EP 776 DI 10.2514/1.C031016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776XR UT WOS:000291574700005 ER PT J AU Riley, ME Grandhi, RV Kolonay, R AF Riley, Matthew E. Grandhi, Ramana V. Kolonay, Raymond TI Quantification of Modeling Uncertainty in Aeroelastic Analyses SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 10-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA, AHS, ASME, ASC, ASCE, US Off Naval Res (ONR), US AF Off Sci Res ID WING STRUCTURE AB Traditional uncertainty quantification techniques in engineering analysis concentrate on the quantification of parametric uncertainties: inherent natural variations of the input variables. In problems with complex or newer modeling methodologies, the variabilities induced by the modeling process itself (known as model-form and predictive uncertainties) can become a significant source of uncertainty to the problem. This work demonstrates two model-form uncertainty quantification methods on an unsteady aeroelastic problem: Bayesian model averaging and the adjustment factors approach. While the Bayesian model averaging approach is more robust and has been shown to more completely quantify the total uncertainty, it also requires the presence of experimental data, which are not always readily available in preliminary design. As such, this work introduces an uncertainty quantification methodology for use in aeroelastic analysis that uses the modeling uncertainty to drive the necessity of further experimental data points. Within this methodology, the modified adjustment factors approach has been developed to calculate the sensitivity of the adjusted models to the model probability assumptions being input into the work, facilitating the flow of the design methodology. C1 [Riley, Matthew E.; Grandhi, Ramana V.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kolonay, Raymond] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. RP Riley, ME (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM riley.35@wright.edu; ramana.grandhi@wright.edu; raymond.kolonay@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 866 EP 873 DI 10.2514/1.C031059 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776XR UT WOS:000291574700015 ER PT J AU Sherer, SE Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE Yilmaz, TO Rockwell, DO AF Sherer, Scott E. Visbal, Miguel R. Gordnier, Raymond E. Yilmaz, Turgut O. Rockwell, Donald O. TI 1303 Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Flowfield Simulations and Comparison with Experimental Data SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NONSLENDER DELTA-WINGS; FLOW STRUCTURE; VORTEX FLOWS; SCHEMES AB In this work, high-order computations of the flowfield around a 1303 unmanned combat air vehicle configuration are performed and compared with recently collected experimental data obtained at Lehigh University. The computational approach used a high-order overset-grid flow solver developed in the Air Vehicles Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory that employs up-to-sixth-order compact finite differences and high-order, low-pass numerical filters to accurately resolve detailed flow features in a robust manner. The experimental data was collected via a particle image velocimetry technique in a free-surface water channel. Both quantitative and qualitative comparisons between computational and experimental results are done at a plane located at eight-tenths of the half-span for various Reynolds numbers and angles of attack, with the results comparing quite favorably for most flow conditions. Computational images of the flowfield are used to elucidate angle of attack and Reynolds number effects on this configuration, as well as to investigate the formation and evolution of the leading-edge and centerbody vortical structures and the impact that angle of attack has on their formation mechanisms. C1 [Sherer, Scott E.; Visbal, Miguel R.; Gordnier, Raymond E.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yilmaz, Turgut O.; Rockwell, Donald O.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Sherer, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); U.S. Department of Defence HPC Major Shared Resources Center at the AFRL; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0022] FX The computational work at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) was sponsored by the U.S. Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under a task monitored by John Schmisseur and Douglas Smith and supported in part by a grant of high-performance computing (HPC) time from the U.S. Department of Defence HPC Major Shared Resources Center at the AFRL. The experimental work at Lehigh University was sponsored by AFOSR grant FA9550-08-1-0022 monitored by John Schmisseur and Douglas Smith. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1019 DI 10.2514/1.C031195 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776XR UT WOS:000291574700026 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Combs, JG AF Martin, John A. Combs, James G. TI Better Sooner Than Later: What Triggers Early CEO Dismissal? SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Martin, John A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Combs, James G.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 1558-9080 J9 ACAD MANAGE PERSPECT JI Acad. Manag. Perspect. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 25 IS 2 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 772JR UT WOS:000291230700010 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Combs, JG AF Martin, John A. Combs, James G. TI Does It Take a Village to Raise a Whistleblower? SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Martin, John A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Combs, James G.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 1558-9080 J9 ACAD MANAGE PERSPECT JI Acad. Manag. Perspect. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 25 IS 2 BP 83 EP 85 PG 3 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 772JR UT WOS:000291230700011 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Dean, AJ AF Anderson, Kenton L. Dean, Anthony J. TI Foreign Bodies in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Anorectal Emergencies SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Foreign bodies; Gastrointestinal tract; Endoscopic surgery; Anorectal emergency ID ESOPHAGEAL FOOD IMPACTION; THROMBOSED EXTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS; DISK-BATTERY INGESTION; BODY-PACKER SYNDROME; GAS-FORMING AGENTS; POSSIBLE FISHBONE INGESTION; PEDIATRIC COIN INGESTION; CHRONIC ANAL-FISSURE; RECTAL PROLAPSE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AB Of all ingested foreign bodies (FBs) brought to the attention of physicians (probably a small minority of the total), 80% to 90% pass spontaneously; however, 10% to 20% require endoscopic removal, and about 1% require surgery. The article divides the GI tract into regions in which the anatomy, presentation, clinical findings, and management of FBs are distinct. The final third of this article describes the management of anorectal emergencies. An understanding of anatomy and common pathological conditions allows the emergency physician to make a diagnosis and provide relief and/or resolution in most cases. C1 [Anderson, Kenton L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Dean, Anthony J.] Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Div Emergency Ultrasonog, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kentonlanderson@gmail.com NR 196 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8627 EI 1558-0539 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP 369 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.009 PG 33 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 770YL UT WOS:000291124300013 PM 21515184 ER PT J AU Yoon, JH Stewart, JB Cazacu, O AF Yoon, J. H. Stewart, J. B. Cazacu, O. TI Coupled elastic-plastic damage model for a porous aggregate with an incompressible matrix displaying tension-compression asymmetry SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Constitutive modeling; Plastic theory; Void growth; Tension-compression asymmetry; Metals ID VOID NUCLEATION; YIELD CRITERIA; SIMULATION; LOCALIZATION; FRACTURE; FAILURE; GROWTH; SOLIDS AB A significant strength differential effect (different behavior in tension versus compression) is observed at the polycrystal level, if either twinning or non-Schmid type slip are contributors to plastic deformation at the single crystal level. Despite recent progress in modeling the asymmetry in yielding, a description of damage by void growth in such materials remains a challenge. In this paper, an elastic-plastic damage model with yielding described by a plastic potential that depends on all invariants of the stress deviator is used. Single-element tests illustrate the salient features of the model. Simulation results of sheet-metal blanking show that if the compressive strength of the matrix is lower than its tensile strength, void growth and damage expansion is restricted. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, J. H.; Cazacu, O.] Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Stewart, J. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM cazacu@reef.ufl.edu RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Stewart, Joel/0000-0002-1723-7106 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1407 EP 1423 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.03.003 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 772JY UT WOS:000291231400005 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Pathophysiologic changes due to TASER (R) devices versus excited delirium: Potential relevance to deaths-in-custody? SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Electronic control device; Electric shocking device; TASER; Excited delirium; Electric stimulation; Conducted energy weapon ID SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; CONDUCTED ELECTRICAL WEAPON; HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; X26 DISCHARGES; STUN DEVICE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MANIFESTATIONS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION; POSTMORTEM BIOCHEMISTRY; CATECHOLAMINE LEVELS AB The syndrome of excited delirium has been implicated in some deaths-in-custody which also involved the use of electronic control devices (ECDs) (including those manufactured by TASER International) on subjects. This review is an update on recent studies of pathophysiologic changes related to these two separate but parallel topics: a) first, the use of ECDs during law-enforcement activities; and b) second, the occurrence of excited delirium during such activities. This is a narrative review of elements that may be of use in generating hypotheses relating to potential similarities or differences between the two topics. Differences between changes in most factors due to excited delirium versus those of ECD applications were not readily apparent in most cases. These factors include: direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system, respiration, rhabdomyolysis and muscle enzymes, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperglycemia, and increased hematocrit. One factor that may exhibit consistent differences, however, is increased body temperature, which is often evident during excited delirium (versus a lack of increase temperature during ECD exposures). Thus, on the basis of this review, a more detailed delineation of this factor could be a major focus for future forensic investigations of deaths-in-custody involving either excited delirium or ECD exposures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 711th Human Performance Wing,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 154 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1752-928X J9 J FORENSIC LEG MED JI J. Forensic Leg. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jflm.2011.01.014 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 771UR UT WOS:000291186700001 PM 21550562 ER PT J AU Yeo, YK Bergstrom, AC Hengehold, RL Wei, JW Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Rajagopalan, G Ryu, MY AF Yeo, Y. K. Bergstrom, A. C. Hengehold, R. L. Wei, J. W. Guha, S. Gonzalez, L. P. Rajagopalan, G. Ryu, Mee-Yi TI Optical and Electrical Properties of Bulk-grown Ternary InxGa1-xAs SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-30) CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Un Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP C8 Commiss), Korean Minist Educ, Sci & Technol, Seoul Metropolitan Govt, Off Naval Res Global, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org, POSTECH Natl Ctr Nanomat Technol (NCNT), Hindustan Univ, Samsung, LG Siltron, ICPS 29 DE Photoluminescence; Hall-effect measurement; Bulk crystal growth; Semiconducting ternary alloys; InGaAs ID MU-M; INGAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUBSTRATE; LASERS; INAS; SUPERLATTICES; TECHNOLOGY; GAAS; INSB AB Bulk ternary InxGa1-xAs polycrystals were grown using the vertical Bridgman technique. The optical and electrical properties of these bulk InxGa1-xAs were investigated as a function of indium mole fraction from 0.75 to 0.99 by using photoluminescence (PL) and Hall-effect measurements. All samples showed good infrared transmission. A free exciton (EX) transition peak was observed from all bulk InxGa1-xAs samples, and it redshifted from 0.568 to 0.412 eV as the indium mole fraction increased from 0.75 to 0.99. Bandgaps estimated from the indium composition- and temperature-dependent FX peaks generally followed the theoretically calculated bandgaps. All as-grown InxGa1-xAs samples showed n-type conductivity. Although all bulk InxGa1-xAs samples showed good optical transmissions and PL transitions, as well as high carrier mobilitites, they exhibited some random compositional fluctuations across the sample area. C1 [Yeo, Y. K.; Bergstrom, A. C.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wei, J. W.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Guha, S.; Gonzalez, L. P.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rajagopalan, G.] United Semicond LLC, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Yeo, YK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 SI SI BP 1267 EP 1273 DI 10.3938/jkps.58.1267 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 764NG UT WOS:000290636000006 ER PT J AU Jeon, HC Lee, SJ Kang, TW Chang, KJ Yeo, YK George, TF AF Jeon, H. C. Lee, S. J. Kang, T. W. Chang, K. J. Yeo, Yung Kee George, T. F. TI Magnetic and Electronic Properties of a Mn Delta-doping GaN Layer SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-2010) CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Seoul, NORTH KOREA DE Mn delta-doping; GaMnN thin film; High Curie temperature ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAMNN FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ACCEPTOR; GAAS AB The magnetization curve as a function of the magnetic field at 5 K showed that the magnetization of the Mn delta-doped (Ga(0.995)Mn(0.005))N thin films was significantly enhanced in comparison with that of the conventionally-doped (Ga(0.995)Mn(0.005))N thin films. The magnetization curve as a function of the temperature showed that the Curie temperature of the Mn delta-doped (Ga(0.995)Mn(0.005))N thin films was above room temperature. The theoretical electronic results showed that Ga vacancies near the Mn delta-dopilig layer were likely to cause p-type conductance, indicative of an enhancement of the magnetic properties in (Ga(1-x)Mn(x))N thin films. C1 [Jeon, H. C.; Lee, S. J.; Kang, T. W.] Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Chang, K. J.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Yeo, Yung Kee] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [George, T. F.] Univ Missouri, Off Chancellor, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [George, T. F.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Nanosci, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [George, T. F.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Nanosci, Dept Phys & Astron, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Jeon, HC (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM twkang@dongguk.edu RI Chang, Kee Joo/C-1989-2011; Lee, Seung J./A-3743-2012 OI Lee, Seung J./0000-0002-2140-6929 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 SI SI BP 1361 EP 1364 DI 10.3938/jkps.58.1361 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 764NG UT WOS:000290636000026 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Grazulis, L AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Grazulis, L. TI Effect of interfacial formation on the properties of very long wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID II SUPERLATTICES; MIDINFRARED DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB In InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) designed for infrared detection, the interfacial layers comprise approximately 10%-15% of the heterostructure. As interdiffusion into the InAs and GaSb layers is considered, this percentage is expected to be even higher. Although the primary goal for engineering these transient layers is to balance the SL strain to the GaSb substrate, the interfacial quality can impact the performance of the SL in other ways as well. Many believe that the majority of nonradiative defects that shorten carrier lifetime can be generated from the SL interfaces or regions near them due to the poor interface engineering. Because the degree of lattice mismatch tends to be higher in very long wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb designs, the approach tuning growth parameters to optimize the strain balancing process is different from that for midinfrared SLs. To investigate this optimization, a systematic approach was applied to achieve strain compensated 16 monolayers (MLs) InAs/7 MLs GaSb SLs aimed for a target onset wavelength of 15 mu m. The authors systematically explored the effect of growth parameters, such as group V fluxes, growth rates, and shutter sequences, on the SL strain and interfacial quality. For this study, high-resolution x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy analysis were extensively used to monitor the effect of interfaces on material properties. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3525642] C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Grazulis, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801] FX The authors thank S. Fenstermaker and S. Pacley for technical assistance with MBE system and photoconductivity measurements, respectively. The research work of H. J. Haugan was performed under U.S. Air Force Contract No. F33615-03-D-5801. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 AR 03C101 DI 10.1116/1.3525642 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 770TL UT WOS:000291111300037 ER PT J AU Boyd, ID Josyula, E AF Boyd, Iain D. Josyula, Eswar TI State resolved vibrational relaxation modeling for strongly nonequilibrium flows SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; VT-RATE COEFFICIENTS; SHOCK-WAVES; COLLISION MODEL; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DISSOCIATION; SIMULATION; NITROGEN; ENTRIES; RATES AB Vibrational relaxation is an important physical process in hypersonic flows. Activation of the vibrational mode affects the fundamental thermodynamic properties and finite rate relaxation can reduce the degree of dissociation of a gas. Low fidelity models of vibrational activation employ a relaxation time to capture the process at a macroscopic level. High fidelity, state-resolved models have been developed for use in continuum gas dynamics simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). By comparison, such models are not as common for use with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In this study, a high fidelity, state-resolved vibrational relaxation model is developed for the DSMC technique. The model is based on the forced harmonic oscillator approach in which multi-quantum transitions may become dominant at high temperature. Results obtained for integrated rate coefficients from the DSMC model are consistent with the corresponding CFD model. Comparison of relaxation results obtained with the high-fidelity DSMC model shows significantly less excitation of upper vibrational levels in comparison to the standard, lower fidelity DSMC vibrational relaxation model. Application of the new DSMC model to a Mach 7 normal shock wave in carbon monoxide provides better agreement with experimental measurements than the standard DSMC relaxation model. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3584128] C1 [Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boyd, ID (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM iainboyd@umich.edu FU AFRL; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions made to this study by Igor Adamovich. Funding for I. D. B. was provided by the AFRL summer faculty research program. E.J. acknowledges support by a contract from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research monitored by Fariba Fahroo. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 AR 057101 DI 10.1063/1.3584128 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 770RL UT WOS:000291106100026 ER PT J AU Enright, MP Chan, KS Moody, JP Golder, PJ Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Enright, Michael P. Chan, Kwai S. Moody, Jonathan P. Golder, Patrick J. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. TI Influence of Random Residual Stress on Fretting Fatigue SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 11th Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP AIAA ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; DESIGN; METHODOLOGY; PREDICTION AB Probabilistic risk assessment has increasingly been adopted by certification agencies to address the inherent uncertainties in fatigue crack nucleation and;growth processes. Fretting fatigue is a significant damage source for aircraft gas turbine engine components. When present, it can reduce component lives by 40 to 60 percent or more. Surface treatments introduce compressive residual stresses that have the potential to substantially increase component lifetimes. In this paper, an approach is presented for estimating the fretting fatigue risk reduction associated with surface treatment of an actual military engine disk under real-life loading conditions. Residual stresses associated with surface treatment are based on values reported in the literature. A probabilistic model of the fretting process is calibrated based on available failure data and used to quantify the influence of surface treatment on the probability of fracture. C1 [Enright, Michael P.; Chan, Kwai S.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Golder, Patrick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Struct Integr Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Enright, MP (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 881 EP 889 DI 10.2514/1.45774 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 770FI UT WOS:000291072000001 ER PT J AU Li, D Merkle, C Scott, WM Keefer, D Moeller, T Rhodes, R AF Li, D. Merkle, C. Scott, W. M. Keefer, D. Moeller, T. Rhodes, R. TI Hyperbolic Algorithm for Coupled Plasma/Electromagnetic Fields Including Conduction and Displacement Currents SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 43rd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 08-11, 2007 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB A numerical procedure that applies to both the magnetic diffusion and wave propagation regimes of a general plasma/electromagnetic system is presented. The method solves the full Maxwell equations, with or without displacement current, in combination with the Navier Stokes equations. The combined system is placed in a fully coupled conservation form and embedded in a dual-time formulation that enables classical hyperbolic solution algorithms to be effective across the wave and diffusion limits of the Maxwell equations. The dual-time formulation introduces a pseudotime with an artificial speed of light that includes divergence constraints that are driven to zero by means of a Lagrange multiplier technique. The validity of the algorithm is first established by verifying results obtained with the hyperbolic procedure for the diffusion form of the telegraph equation against analytical solutions. Additional verification for the electromagnetic equations is obtained by comparison with magnetic diffusion simulations obtained from the MACH2 code. Representative numerical calculations are presented for both the wave and magnetic diffusion limits to illustrate the importance of a solution technique that handles all regimes, from insulators to conductors. C1 [Li, D.; Merkle, C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Scott, W. M.] Aerosp Testing Alliance Inc, Space Project, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Scott, W. M.] Aerosp Testing Alliance Inc, Missiles Project, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Keefer, D.; Rhodes, R.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Ctr Laser Applicat, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dli@purdue.edu; merkle@ecn.purdue.edu; W.Michael.Scott@arnold.af.mil; d_keefer@bellsouth.net; tmoeller@utsi.edu; brhodes@utsi.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 909 EP 920 DI 10.2514/1.J050353 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 770FI UT WOS:000291072000004 ER PT J AU Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Cowan, V Morath, C AF Cardimona, D. A. Huang, D. H. Cowan, V. Morath, C. TI Infrared detectors for space applications SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Quantum Structure Infrared Photodector (QSIP) CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE Space situational awareness; Space surveillance; Optical signal amplification; Frequency agile detection; Plasmonic field enhancement; Photonic crystals ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; ATOMIC-STATE COHERENCE; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; INTERFERENCE; DYNAMICS; FIELD AB Two of the main requirements for space situational awareness are to locate and identify dim and/or distant objects. At the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate, we are investigating how nanostructured metal surfaces can produce plasmon-enhanced fields to address the first function. We are also investigating quantum interference effects in semiconductor quantum dots inside photonic crystal cavities to address the amplification of weak signals. To address the second function of identification of space objects, we are investigating a wavelength-tunable detector scheme that involves a coupled double quantum well structure with a thin middle barrier between the two wells. The photocurrent from this structure will be swept out with a lateral bias. In order to eliminate the diffraction loss of incident photons by a surface grating structure for the z-polarization required in normal quantum well infrared photodetector structures, we will grow an array of self-organized quantum dots buried inane of the quantum wells of a symmetric double quantum well structure. In this paper, we will first describe the requirements for detectors in space, then we will describe our work in the above topics, and finally we will briefly mention our forays into other areas of quantum-structured detectors for use in space. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cardimona, D. A.; Huang, D. H.; Cowan, V.; Morath, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM dave.cardimona@kirtland.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2010.12.030 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 768XP UT WOS:000290973200027 ER PT J AU Wilson, C AF Wilson, Candy TI A "Boots on the Ground" Perspective of Caring for the Women and Children in Afghanistan SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; military; women's health; child health; mental health AB In 1972 Margarete V. Silberberg wrote about her nursing experience when caring for women at a Kabul, Afghanistan, hospital. Based on my experience during a recent deployment to Afghanistan, I describe providing health care to Afghan women and children as a military Women's Health Nurse Practitioner. Delivering health care presented the threat of physical harm for the health care team and those who received the care. Afghan women and children continue to experience significant cultural, religious, and social circumstances that limit their education, personal development, protection from abuse, and access to health care. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), 59 CSPG SGVUS,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM candy.wilson@lackland.af.mil NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 40 IS 3 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01251.x PG 7 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 765DZ UT WOS:000290684900002 PM 21585525 ER PT J AU Klee, T Masterson, T Miller, B Barrasso, E Bell, J Lepkowicz, R West, J Haley, JE Schmitt, DL Flikkema, JL Cooper, TM Ruiz-Morales, Y Mullins, OC AF Klee, Tony Masterson, Tyler Miller, Bo Barrasso, Emma Bell, Jamal Lepkowicz, Richard West, Joseph Haley, Joy E. Schmitt, Danielle L. Flikkema, Jonathan L. Cooper, Thomas M. Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara Mullins, Oliver C. TI Triplet Electronic Spin States of Crude Oils and Asphaltenes SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; HASSI-MESSAOUD ASPHALTENE; RAY RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PETROLEUM ASPHALTENES; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-EDGE; FLUORESCENCE; SIZE; CARBON AB The resolution of asphaltene nanoscience is becoming increasingly important for a variety of purposes. One key molecular attribute of the asphaltenes is the size distribution of their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Comparison of measured spin singlet singlet absorption and emission transitions with exhaustive molecular orbital (MO) calculations on 523 PAHs indicates that asphaltene PAHs have a population centroid of similar to 7 fused rings. To further test this understanding of asphaltene PAHs, it is desirable to consider the dynamics of triplet states. Nevertheless, triplet-state spectroscopy is complex, especially on polydisperse materials such as asphaltenes. For validation, we compare simple expectations for asphaltenes against both experimental and theoretical results. Measurements were conducted on crude oil and asphaltene samples of dramatically different heavy end content to identify specific transitions being investigated. Experimental results include spectra at several wavelengths, lifetimes in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen, and temperature effects. Specifically, we use classic techniques [Horrocks and Wilkinson, Proc. R. Soc. London A 1968, 306, 257-273] to measure triplet-triplet spectra for crude oils and asphaltenes. These are compared with corresponding MO calculations. Again, using classic methods [Guzeman et al., J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1973, 69, 708 720], quenching effects of asphaltene triplet states by molecular oxygen are measured and compared with simple diffusion expectations. The temperature dependence provides further stringent testing. Spectral comparisons versus crude oil composition rule out significant spectral contributions from free radicals. Simple expectations regarding triplet-state spectroscopy of asphaltenes and crude oils apply and corroborate previous conclusions from singlet-state spectroscopy of crude oils and asphaltenes. The data herein are consistent with asphaltene PAHs being relatively large (e.g., 7 fused rings); this, in turn, is consistent with the predominance of a single PAR per asphaltene molecule (the "island" molecular architecture). Smaller PAHs dominate the triplet transitions for the crude oil samples and optical wavelengths used herein. C1 [Mullins, Oliver C.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Klee, Tony; Masterson, Tyler; Miller, Bo; Barrasso, Emma; Bell, Jamal; Lepkowicz, Richard] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Opt Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [West, Joseph] Indiana State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Haley, Joy E.; Schmitt, Danielle L.; Flikkema, Jonathan L.; Cooper, Thomas M.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara] Inst Mexicano Petr, Programa Ingn Mol, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. RP Mullins, OC (reprint author), Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mullins1@slb.com FU Instituto Mexican del Petroleo [D.00265, Y.00111] FX We would like to thank Dr. Joel M. Hales and Prof. Joseph W. Perry from the Georgia Institute of Technology for performing the femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy measurements. Y.R.-M. acknowledges the support under projects D.00265 and Y.00111 of the Instituto Mexican del Petroleo. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 2065 EP 2075 DI 10.1021/ef101549k PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 764SC UT WOS:000290651900016 ER PT J AU Pemberton, MR Williams, J Herman-Stahl, M Calvin, SL Bradshaw, MR Bray, RM Ridenhour, JL Cook, R Hersch, RK Hester, RK Mitchell, GM AF Pemberton, Michael R. Williams, Jason Herman-Stahl, Mindy Calvin, Sara L. Bradshaw, Michael R. Bray, Robert M. Ridenhour, Jamie L. Cook, Royer Hersch, Rebekah K. Hester, Reid K. Mitchell, Glenda M. TI Evaluation of Two Web-Based Alcohol Interventions in the US Military SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE; PERSONNEL; DRINKING; FEEDBACK; PROGRAM; HEALTH; IMPACT; PATTERNS; RECRUITS AB Objective: The U.S. military has traditionally had high rates of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems, necessitating effective treatment programs that minimize participant burden. Web-based interventions have shown promise as efficient treatment options for college students and adults but have not been widely evaluated in the military. This study evaluated the efficacy of two web-based alcohol interventions originally created for civilians and then adapted for U.S. military personnel. Method: Two web-based alcohol interventions, Alcohol Savvy and Drinker's Check-Up, were adapted for use among military populations. The interventions were evaluated using a convenience sample of 3,070 active-duty military personnel at eight installations. Following a baseline survey, participants were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: (a) Alcohol Savvy, (b) Drinker's Check-Up, or (c) control (no program participation). Follow-up surveys were completed by 1,072 participants 1 month following baseline and by 532 participants 6 months following baseline. Results: At 1-month follow-up, participants who completed the Drinker's Check-Up intervention had significant reductions in multiple measures of alcohol use relative to controls. Positive outcomes were found for average number of drinks consumed per occasion, frequent heavy episodic drinker status, and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration. These reductions in alcohol use at the 1-month follow-up were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. There were no statistically significant changes in alcohol use for participants who completed Alcohol Savvy. Conclusions: This study expands the literature on the effectiveness of web-based treatment for alcohol misuse. Findings indicate that web-based programs (Drinker's Check-Up in particular) can significantly decrease several indicators of alcohol use in U.S. military personnel. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 72, 480-489, 2011) C1 [Pemberton, Michael R.; Williams, Jason; Herman-Stahl, Mindy; Calvin, Sara L.; Bradshaw, Michael R.; Bray, Robert M.; Ridenhour, Jamie L.; Cook, Royer; Hersch, Rebekah K.; Hester, Reid K.; Mitchell, Glenda M.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mitchell, Glenda M.] USAF, Dumfries, VA USA. [Mitchell, Glenda M.] TRICARE Management Act, Off Chief Med Officer Populat Hlth & Med Manageme, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Pemberton, MR (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pemberton@rti.org OI Williams, Jason/0000-0002-3804-2594 FU Department of Defense [H94002-05-C-0001] FX This research was supported by Department of Defense Contract Number H94002-05-C-0001 to RTI International. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 1937-1888 J9 J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS JI J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs PD MAY PY 2011 VL 72 IS 3 BP 480 EP 489 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 762FM UT WOS:000290460200015 PM 21513685 ER PT J AU Reising, M Morris, M Vardeman, S Higbee, S AF Reising, Monica Morris, Max Vardeman, Stephen Higbee, Shawn TI Modeling Spectral-Temporal Data From Point Source Events SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Event discrimination; Infrared; Product correlation; Pseudo-imaging; Spectral imager ID CAMERA AB In recent years, a great deal of effort has been invested in developing sensors to detect, locate, and identify "energetic" electromagnetic events. When observed through one type of imaging spectrometer, these events produce a data record that contains complete spectral and temporal information over the event's evolution. This article describes the development of a statistical model for the data produced by a particular spectral-temporal sensor. While the application is unique in some ways, this approach to model building may be useful in other related contexts. Several plots, estimated parameters, and some additional details for an equation are provided in the Appendix which is available as supplementary material online. C1 [Reising, Monica; Morris, Max; Vardeman, Stephen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Higbee, Shawn] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Reising, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mmorris@iastate.edu FU Electromagnetic Technology Branch of the Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Lab (AFRL/SNHI) FX We thank the Electromagnetic Technology Branch of the Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Lab (AFRL/SNHI) for funding this project. The funding was administered by Solid State Scientific Corporation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD MAY PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1198/TECH.2011.09014 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 767CK UT WOS:000290832700007 ER PT J AU Hong, G Cornish, AJ Hegg, EL Pachter, R AF Hong, G. Cornish, A. J. Hegg, E. L. Pachter, R. TI On understanding proton transfer to the biocatalytic [Fe-Fe](H) sub-cluster in [Fe-Fe] H(2)ases: QM/MM MD simulations SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE Fe-Fe; Hydrogenases; QM/MM MD simulation; Proton transfer; Hydrogen production activity ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HYDROGENASE ACTIVE-SITE; IRON-ONLY HYDROGENASE; QUANTUM MECHANICS/MOLECULAR MECHANICS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM HYDROGENASE; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; H-CLUSTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ENZYMATIC-REACTIONS AB Proton transfer to the [Fe-Fe](H) sub-cluster in the Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (DdH) and Clostridium pasteurianum (CpI) [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases was investigated by a combination of first principles and empirical molecular dynamics simulations. Pathways that can be inferred from the X-ray crystal structures of DdH and CpI, i.e., (Glu159 -> Ser198 -> Glu156 -> water460 -> Cys178 -> DTMA([Fe-Fe](H) ) and (Glu282 -> Ser319 -> Glu279 -> water612 -> Cys299), respectively, were considered. Proton transfer from Cys178 to DTMA in the [Fe-Fe](H) sub-cluster in DdH was readily observed in our results, specifically when [Fe-Fe](H) was in the reduced state ([Fe-I-Fe-I]) or in the mixed valence state for the protonated distal iron Fe-d ([Fe-I-Fe-II-H-](H)). A concerted mechanism is proposed, where proton transfer in DdH from Glu159 to Glu156 via Ser198 and Glu156 to Cys178 via water460 readily occurred, as well as from Glu282 to Glu279 via Ser319 and Glu279 to Cys299 via water612 in Cpl. The theoretical prediction of the proton transfer characteristics is consistent with the assumed biocatalytic mechanism of the [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases in which the proton binds at Fe-d, providing confirmation that has not been explored so far. The computational results were qualitatively validated by the agreement with experimental hydrogen production activity data for mutated CpI enzymes, relative to the wild-type protein. Finally, the insight provided by the simulations, combined, in part, with experimental validation, are important for establishing an approach in future exploration of proton transfer to the active site in this class of enzymes, and possibly also for biomimetic analogs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hong, G.; Pachter, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hong, G.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Cornish, A. J.; Hegg, E. L.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged. The AFRL DSRC is acknowledged for helpful assistance. A. Warshel and his group are acknowledged for helpful discussion. The referees are gratefully acknowledged for excellent comments. NR 95 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 1807 IS 5 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.01.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 762SZ UT WOS:000290502700005 PM 21296047 ER PT J AU Hall, CAB AF Hall, Capt. Andrew B. TI Randomized Objective Comparison of Live Tissue Training versus Simulators for Emergency Procedures SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Program of the Southeastern-Surgical-Congress CY FEB 20-23, 2010 CL Savannah, GA ID SURGICAL SIMULATION; TECHNICAL SKILLS AB There is a lack of objective analysis comparing live tissue and simulator training. This article aims to objectively determine the difference in outcomes. Twenty-four Air Force volunteers without prior experience performing emergency procedures were randomly assigned to receive training in tube thoracostomy (chest tube) and cricothyroidotomy training on either a pig model (Sus scrofa domestica) or on the Trauma Man simulator. One week posttraining, students were tested on human cadavers with objective and subjective results recorded. Average completion time for tube thoracostomy in the animal model group was 2 minutes 4 seconds and 1 minute 51 seconds in the simulator group with a mean difference of 12 seconds (P = 0.74). Average completion time for cricothyroidotomy in the animal model group was 2 minutes 35 seconds and 3 minutes 29 seconds in the simulator group with a mean difference of 53 seconds (P = 0.32). Overall confidence was 9 per cent higher in the animal trained group (P = 0.42). Success rate of cricothyroidotomy was 75 per cent in the animal model group and 58 per cent in the simulator-trained group (P = 0.67). Success rate of chest tube placement was 92 per cent in the animal group and 83 per cent in the simulator group (P = 1.00). There was no statistically significant difference in chest tube and cricothyroidotomy outcomes or confidence in the groups trained with live animal models or simulators at the 95 per cent confidence interval. Trends suggest a possible difference, but the number of cadavers required to reach greater than 95 per cent statistical confidence prohibited continuation of the study. C1 Keesler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Hall, CAB (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab, 81 MDSS SGSE,301 Fisher St,Room BA 144, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM andrew.hall.2@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 561 EP 565 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 758CR UT WOS:000290138300008 ER PT J AU Lane, SM Kuang, ZF Yom, J Arifuzzaman, S Genzer, J Farmer, B Naik, R Vaia, RA AF Lane, Sarah M. Kuang, Zhifeng Yom, Jeannie Arifuzzaman, Shafi Genzer, Jan Farmer, Barry Naik, Rajesh Vaia, Richard A. TI Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) for Enzyme Immobilization: Impact on Activity and Stability of Horseradish Peroxidase SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE-TETHERED DIBLOCK; MULTIVARIANT ASSEMBLIES; SILICON SURFACES; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CELL-ADHESION; BRUSHES; COPOLYMERS; GRADIENTS; BINDING AB On the basis of their versatile structure and chemistry as well as tunable mechanical properties, polymer brushes are well-suited as supports for enzyme immobilization. However, a robust surface design is hindered by an inadequate understanding of the impact on activity from the coupling motif and enzyme distribution within the brush. Herein, horseradish peroxidase C (HRP C, 44 kDa), chosen as a model enzyme, was immobilized covalently through its lysine residues on a N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonate-activated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush grafted chemically onto a flat impenetrable surface. Up to a monolayer coverage of FIRP C is achieved, where most of the HRP C resides at or near the brush air interface. Molecular modeling shows that lysines 232 and 241 are the most probable binding sites, leading to an orientation of the immobilized FIRP C that does not block the active pocket of the enzyme. Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the immobilized HRP C indicated little change in the K-m (Michaelis constant) but a large decrease in the V-max (maximum substrate conversion rate) and a correspondingly large decrease in the k(cat) (overall catalytic rate). This indicates a loss in the percentage of active enzymes. Given the relatively ideal geometry of the HRPC-PHEMA brush, the loss of activity is most likely due to structural changes in the enzyme arising from either secondary constraints imposed by the connectivity of the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonate linking moiety or nonspecific interactions between HRP C and DSC-PHEMA. Therefore, a general enzyme-brush coupling motif must optimize reactive group density to balance binding with neutrality of surroundings. C1 [Lane, Sarah M.; Kuang, Zhifeng; Yom, Jeannie; Farmer, Barry; Naik, Rajesh; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arifuzzaman, Shafi; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAY PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1822 EP 1830 DI 10.1021/bm200173y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 759LP UT WOS:000290246400047 PM 21438540 ER PT J AU Hawk, N Martin, B AF Hawk, Nita Martin, Barbara TI Understanding and Reducing Stress in the Superintendency SO EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION & LEADERSHIP LA English DT Article DE coping skills; gender; superintendent; workplace stress ID ROLES; WOMEN AB This study examined the ways and to what degree, if any, school superintendents perceive stress and what, if any, coping mechanisms were engaged. Study findings revealed that there is a statistical difference between the types of coping mechanisms utilized and effectiveness between male and female superintendents. While no significant difference exists between the overall occupational stressors experienced by gender, the data identified high levels of stress among over 50 percent of the superintendents. Qualitative findings established the board of education provided no known support to superintendents in developing stress management skills and coping strategies. Implications of this research study were identified in the areas of leadership preparatory programs, as well as education in stress management skills reform at the district level. C1 [Martin, Barbara] Cent Missouri State Univ, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. [Hawk, Nita] USAF, Whiteman Afb, MO USA. RP Martin, B (reprint author), Cent Missouri State Univ, 4105 Lovinger Hall, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. EM bmartin@ucmo.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1741-1432 J9 EDUC MANAG ADM LEAD JI Educ. Manag. Adm. Leadersh. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 39 IS 3 BP 364 EP 389 DI 10.1177/1741143210394000 PG 26 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 756EW UT WOS:000289995500008 ER PT J AU Tawk, Y Costantine, J Avery, K Christodoulou, CG AF Tawk, Y. Costantine, J. Avery, K. Christodoulou, C. G. TI Implementation of a Cognitive Radio Front-End Using Rotatable Controlled Reconfigurable Antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Cognitive radio; reconfigurable antenna; stepper motor; UWB ID DESIGN AB This communication presents a new antenna system designed for cognitive radio applications. The antenna structure consists of a UWB antenna and a frequency reconfigurable antenna system. The UWB antenna scans the channel to discover "white space" frequency bands while tuning the reconfigurable section to communicate within these bands. The frequency agility is achieved via a rotational motion of the antenna patch. The rotation is controlled by a stepper motor mounted on the back of the antenna structure. The motor's rotational motion is controlled by LABVIEW on a computer connected to the motor through its parallel port. The computer's parallel port is connected to a NPN Darlington array that is used to drive the stepper motor. The antenna has been simulated with the driving motor being taken into consideration. A good agreement is found between the simulated and the measured antenna radiation properties. C1 [Tawk, Y.; Christodoulou, C. G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Costantine, J.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Elect Engn, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Avery, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Tawk, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM yatawk@ece.unm.edu; joseph.costantine@gmail.com; christos@ece.unm.edu FU Air Force Research Lab/RVSE [FA9453-09-C-0309] FX Manuscript received June 05, 2010; revised August 25, 2010; accepted October 12, 2010. Date of publication March 03, 2011; date of current version May 04, 2011. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Lab/RVSE under Contract FA9453-09-C-0309. NR 14 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1778 DI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2122239 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 758OR UT WOS:000290175000044 ER PT J AU Timpone, VM Gover, DD AF Timpone, Vincent M. Gover, David D. TI Percutaneous Creation of a Jump Bypass Graft in a Native Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Fistula SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Timpone, Vincent M.; Gover, David D.] David Grant US AF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Timpone, VM (reprint author), David Grant US AF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 734 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.01.452 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 760XT UT WOS:000290358700026 PM 21514530 ER PT J AU Law, J Bair, A Capra, J Holder, A Allen, R AF Law, Jennifer Bair, Aaron Capra, Jason Holder, Allen Allen, Robert TI Characterization of Airway Device Cuff Volumes at Simulated Altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE airway devices; Boyle's law; altitude; aeromedical transport ID LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY; ENDOTRACHEAL-TUBE; TRACHEAL TUBES; PRESSURE; CONTROLLER; TRANSPORT AB LAW J, BAIR A, CAPRA J, HOLDER A, ALLEN R. Characterization of airway device Cuff volumes at simulated altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:555-8. Introduction: Cuff volume of an air-filled airway device varies inversely with ambient pressure at altitude. This may result in problems with ventilation, aspiration, and tissue,ischemia in intubated patients transported by aircraft. We aimed to characterize cuff volume changes in airway devices as a function of altitude. Methods: Four inflatable airway devices [endotracheal tube (ETT), Combitube, King tube; and laryngeal mask airway (LMA)], each inflated with air or water, were evaluated for cuff volume changes in an altitude chamber simulating ascent and descent from ground level to 15,000 ft (4572 m). A novel cuff-less supraglottic device called i-gel was also tested. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the effect of altitude and cuff content on cuff volume. Results: We found a linear relationship between air-filled cuff volume and altitude in all the inflatable airway devices. The Combitube (correlation coefficient,R = 0.94) and King tube (R = 0.98) showed the clearest linear relationship; the ETT (R = 0.70) and LMA (0.86) showed modest correlations. With water-filled cuffs, the rate of increase was relatively smaller in all the inflatable devices except the ETT, which remained constant. The difference between air- and water-filled cuffs was statistically significant in each inflatable device (P < 0.001). The i-gel showed no volume change at any of the tested altitudes. Conclusions: Cuff volume of inflatable airway devices increased linearly with altitude. The dual-cuffed supraglottic devices showed greater volume changes, likely clue to the combined effect of their two cuffs. Of the inflatable devices, the water-filled ETT was the least sensitive to altitude changes. C1 [Law, Jennifer] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. [Bair, Aaron] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Ctr Virtual Care, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bair, Aaron] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Capra, Jason] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Holder, Allen] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Holder, Allen; Allen, Robert] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Law, J (reprint author), 301 Univ Blvd,MC 1110, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM jelaw@utmb.edu FU UC Davis Department of Emergency Medicine Resident; USAF Critical Care Air Transport Team FX Many thanks go to Daniel Nishijima, M.D., M.A.S., for his assistance with statistical analysis. The project was funded by a UC Davis Department of Emergency Medicine Resident Research Grant and the USAF Critical Care Air Transport Team. The King tubes and LMA were provided by King Systems/Pacific Biomedical and LMA North America, Inc., respectively. The authors have no financial interests to disclose. The opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views, opinions, or beliefs of the U.S. government or U.S. Air Force. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 82 IS 5 BP 555 EP 558 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2834.2011 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 757AX UT WOS:000290057400009 PM 21614871 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA AF Webb, James T. Pilmanis, Andrew A. TI Fifty Years of Decompression Sickness Research at Brooks AFB, TX: 1960-2010 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE venous gas emboli; altitude; exercise; symptom; model ID VENOUS GAS EMBOLI; EXERCISE-ENHANCED PREOXYGENATION; BREATHING 100-PERCENT OXYGEN; SIMULATED ORBITAL FLIGHT; GROUND-LEVEL OXYGEN; HG TOTAL PRESSURE; ALTITUDE DECOMPRESSION; BUBBLE FORMATION; EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY; CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AB WEBB JT, PILMANIS AA. Fifty years of decompression sickness research at Brooks AFB, TX: 1960-201.0, Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82(5, Suppl.):A1-A25. Introduction, Facilities, and Methods: Decompression sickness (DCS) occurring in hypobaric environments related to aviation or spaceflight was a major focus of research at Brooks AFB/City-Base, TX, throughout the period 1960-2010. Multiple hypobaric chambers and extensive support facilities were built for research on altitude DCS using both human subjects and animal models. Areas of study included symptomatology, incidence, prediction, and prevention of DCS. High-altitude aviation, spacecraft atmospheres, and pressure suits were evaluated with various decompression and prebreathing schedules to reduce DCS risk. Factors Affecting DCS Incidence: The results from these efforts were recorded in an extensive Altitude DCS Research Database which served as a resource for developing reports and exploring relationships of various parameters such as altitude, time at altitude, prebreathe time, and mode of activity while decompressed. Prevention and Prediction of DCS: Individual susceptibility to DCS was also evaluated in an effort to tailor preventive measures and predict susceptibility. Completion of the 26 human-use protocols provided information which was incorporated into NASA and USAF operational practices to reduce DCS risk. Documentation: DCS researchers working at Brooks throughout this period produced 177 papers documenting results of thousands of subject-exposures and other experiments. An Altitude DCS Risk Assessment Computer Model was fielded in 2005. This review centers on the results of research at Brooks and notes questions about operational DCS risk that have not yet been answered. C1 [Webb, James T.] Sci Aerosp Res Consulting SARC LLC, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pilmanis, Andrew A.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM jtwebb@swbell.net FU USAF [FA 8901-04-D-0004 Task 57, FA 8900-07-D-0001 Task 0001, FA 8900-09-D-0001 Task 0008]; USAF School of Aerospace Medicine Aerospace Physiology Branch (USAFSAM/FEEP) FX In keeping with its title, this review cites only research accomplished at or sponsored through Brooks AFB/City-Base, TX, on altitude decompression sickness from 1960 to 2010. However, it is acknowledged that research was built upon the large body of literature written over the past century by the many dedicated and successful decompression sickness research scientists and physicians from many countries. We appreciate the dedication and risks during the thousands of exposures assumed by the hundreds of subjects of these research efforts, without whom the data would not have become available. We also appreciate the considerable efforts of the referees and editor, Dr. Sarah Nunneley, who provided many very constructive suggestions for improvement in the manuscript. Mr. John Whitney and the staff of the Brooks Aeromedical Library provided invaluable assistance in finding and documenting the availability of the articles via the U.S. government, and edits of the citations. This effort was sponsored, in part, by USAF Contract FA 8901-04-D-0004 Task 57, FA 8900-07-D-0001 Task 0001, and FA 8900-09-D-0001 Task 0008; USAF School of Aerospace Medicine Aerospace Physiology Branch (USAFSAM/FEEP). NR 186 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 82 IS 5 SU S BP A1 EP A25 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2576.2011 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 757AW UT WOS:000290057300001 PM 21614886 ER PT J AU Reichow, AW Garchow, KE Baird, RY AF Reichow, Alan W. Garchow, Kenneth E. Baird, Richard Y. TI Do Scores on a Tachistoscope Test Correlate With Baseball Batting Averages? SO EYE & CONTACT LENS-SCIENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Tachistoscope; Flash recognition training; Inspection time ID REACTION-TIME; BALL-GAMES; PLAYERS; SPEED; PITCH AB Background: Millions of dollars are spent each year by individuals seeking to improve their athletic performance. One area of visual training is the use of the tachistoscope, which measures inspection time or visual recognition time. Although the potential of the tachistoscope as a training tool has received some research attention, its use as a means of measurement or predictor of athletic ability in sports has not been explored. The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the potential of the tachistoscope as a measurement instrument by determining if a baseball player's ability to identify a tachistoscopically presented picture of a pitch is correlated with hitting performance as measured by batting average. Methods: Using sport-specific slides, 20 subjects-all non-pitching members of the Pacific University Baseball Team-were administered a tachistoscopic test. The test consisted of identifying the type of pitch illustrated in 30 randomly ordered slides depicting a pitcher throwing four different baseball pitches. Each slide was presented for 0.2 sec. The results of the test were compared with the athlete's previous season's batting average. Results: A positive correlation was found between an athlete's ability to correctly identify a picture of a pitch presented tachistoscopically and batting average (r=0.648; P<0.01). These results suggest that a superior ability to recognize pitches presented via tachistoscope may correlate with a higher skill level in batting. Conclusions: Tachistoscopic test scores correlated positively with batting averages. The tachistoscope may be an acceptable tool to help in assessing batting performance. Additional testing with players from different sports, different levels of ability, and different tachistoscopic times should be performed to determine if the tachistoscope is a valid measure of athletic ability. Implications may also be drawn in other areas such as military and police work. C1 [Reichow, Alan W.] Nike Inc, Beaverton, OR USA. [Garchow, Kenneth E.] Dr Noles Optometrists, Lake Oswego, OR USA. [Baird, Richard Y.] Brigham Young Univ, USAF, ROTC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Baird, RY (reprint author), 42 East,1600 South, Mapleton, UT 84664 USA. EM richard.baird@pacificu.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1542-2321 J9 EYE CONTACT LENS JI Eye Contact Lens-Sci. Clin. Pra. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3182188a77 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 755XO UT WOS:000289973900004 PM 21471813 ER PT J AU Zheng, QH Fok, MC Albert, J Horne, RB Meredith, NP AF Zheng, Qiuhua Fok, Mei-Ching Albert, Jay Horne, Richard B. Meredith, Nigel P. TI Effects of energy and pitch angle mixed diffusion on radiation belt electrons SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Mixed diffusion; Radiation belt ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; COEFFICIENTS; ACCELERATION; WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA; FIELD; EQUATIONS; TERMS; STORM AB Understanding the dynamics of the Earth's radiation belts is important for modeling and forecasting the intensities of energetic electrons in space. Wave diffusion processes are known to be responsible for loss and acceleration of electrons in the radiation belts. Several recent studies indicate pitch angle and energy mixed-diffusion are also important when considering the total diffusive effects. In this study, a two-dimensional Fokker Planck equation is solved numerically using the Alternating Direction Implicit method. Mixed diffusion due to whistler-mode chorus waves tends to slow down the total diffusion in the energy-pitch angle space, particularly at smaller equatorial pitch angles. We then incorporate the electron energy and pitch angle mixed diffusions due to whistler-model chorus waves into the 4-dimensional Radiation Belt Environment (RBE) model and study the effect of mixed diffusion during a storm in October 2002. The 4-D simulation results show that energy and pitch angle mixed diffusion decrease the electron fluxes in the outer belt while electron fluxes in the slot region are enhanced (up to a factor of 2) during storm time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Qiuhua; Fok, Mei-Ching] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zheng, Qiuhua] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Albert, Jay] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Horne, Richard B.; Meredith, Nigel P.] British Antarctic Survey, Div Phys Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Zheng, QH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM qiuhua.zheng@nasa.gov RI Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate, Heliophysics Division [936723.02.01.06.78, 936723.02.01.01.27]; NSF [ATM-0852508] FX We like to thank Zhenpeng Su for useful discussions and Daniel Ober for providing the plasmasphere model. Real-time ACE data are available from the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. SAMPEX data are provided by Shri Kanekal. This research is supported by NASA Science Mission Directorate, Heliophysics Division, Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology program, under Work Breakdown Structure: 936723.02.01.06.78, 936723.02.01.01.27 and the NSF grant ATM-0852508. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 73 IS 7-8 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.01.014 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755HO UT WOS:000289919900008 ER PT J AU Hall, AB Sanders, JM Wheeler, B AF Hall, Andrew B. Sanders, Justin M. Wheeler, Brad TI Voiding Prior to Parachuting SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE bladder rupture; parachute; military; trauma ID BLADDER RUPTURE AB OBJECTIVE: Multiple incidents of isolated bladder ruptures have occurred in the military parachuting community after jumps. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the amount of energy it takes to rupture a distended bladder and encourage prejump voiding. DESIGN: Euthanized pig abdomens were opened immediately postmortem, and the urethra and bladder were isolated. The urethras were attached to a water column, which was gradually increased in height until bladder rupture. During the course of expansion, the differences in water level height, bladder dimensions, and total volume were measured. An acceleration model was constructed by placing a bladder in a rigid cylinder with a soft top to replicate a pelvis. The bladder was then dropped from a standardized height after filling the bladder with gradually increasing volumes. SETTING: 81st Medical Group Clinical Research Laboratory at Keesler AFB, Mississippi. PARTICIPANTS: Pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) postuse in an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)-approved protocol. RESULTS: Mean pressure at rupture = 116 mm Hg (standard deviation [SD] +/- 7), mean height = 193 mm (SD +/- 42), mean width = 122 mm (SD +/- 9), and mean volume = 963 (SD +/- 124). Rupture occurred after deceleration at only maximum elasticity. CONCLUSIONS: The pressure and amount of energy required to rupture a distended bladder is remarkably low, confirming the general application of Laplace's law to a bladder. It is our recommendation that parachutists be urged or required to void, when possible, before parachuting. (J Surg 68:218-221. (C) 2011 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) C1 [Hall, Andrew B.; Wheeler, Brad] Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Sanders, Justin M.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Phys, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Hall, AB (reprint author), 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM andrew.hall.2@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1931-7204 J9 J SURG EDUC JI J. Surg. Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 3 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2010.12.008 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Surgery SC Education & Educational Research; Surgery GA 754SQ UT WOS:000289877700013 PM 21481808 ER PT J AU Zameroski, ND Hager, GD Rudolph, W Hostutler, DA AF Zameroski, Nathan D. Hager, Gordon D. Rudolph, Wolfgang Hostutler, David A. TI Experimental and numerical modeling studies of a pulsed rubidium optically pumped alkali metal vapor laser SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; OUTPUT; GASES; SHIFT; MODES; ORDER; CH4 AB Experimental slope efficiencies of 72% to 76% are achieved for a pulsed Rb-methane optically pumped alkali metal vapor laser with pump intensities up to 120kW/cm(2). Measurements characterizing the temporal dynamics, spectral width, beam diameter, and M(2) values of the 795nm laser beam are presented. M(2) values indicate that the 795nm laser beam is 10 to 20 times diffraction limited. The laser system's response to changes in the pump's spectral width, the Rb number density, relaxant concentration, and pump intensity are examined with a broad-band time-dependent one-dimensional rate equation model. The experimental data and the modeling results are shown to be in good agreement for a wide range of experimental conditions. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Zameroski, Nathan D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Rudolph, Wolfgang] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hager, Gordon D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zameroski, ND (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ndz103@hotmail.com FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) [FAA-9550-10-1-0463] FX The authors thank Billy Pike and Wade Klennert at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) who helped with the experimental aspects of this work. The authors also extend their gratitude toward Clint Zeringue at AFRL for help with some coding in MATLAB. This research was supported through the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) under grant FAA-9550-10-1-0463. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1088 EP 1099 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756PN UT WOS:000290026800020 ER PT J AU Martyshkin, DV Goldstein, JT Fedorov, VV Mirov, SB AF Martyshkin, D. V. Goldstein, J. T. Fedorov, V. V. Mirov, S. B. TI Crystalline Cr2+:ZnSe/chalcogenide glass composites as active mid-IR materials SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; BULK ZNSE; DIFFUSION; FILMS; CR2+ AB We propose new transition metal (TM)-doped ZnSe/As2S3:As2Se3 composite materials for mid-IR fiber lasers. The composites are the suspension of crystalline micro-and nanosized TM2+:ZnSe or TM2+:ZnS powders in chalcogenide glasses with the refraction index matching. Mid-IR room-temperature lasing of Cr2+:ZnSe/As2S3: As2Se3 microcomposite material is demonstrated at the 2.4 mu m wavelength. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Martyshkin, D. V.; Fedorov, V. V.; Mirov, S. B.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Opt Sensors & Spect, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Martyshkin, D. V.; Fedorov, V. V.; Mirov, S. B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Goldstein, J. T.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPSO, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Martyshkin, D. V.; Fedorov, V. V.; Mirov, S. B.] IPG Photon Innovat Corp, Mid IR Lasers, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. RP Martyshkin, DV (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Opt Sensors & Spect, CH 310,1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM dmartych@uab.edu FU University of Dayton Research Institute [RSC09011]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Lab [FA8650-06-D-5401/0013]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EPS-0814103, ECCS-0901376] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding support from the University of Dayton Research Institute (subcontract RSC09011) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Lab (prime contract FA8650-06-D-5401/0013) as well as the National Science Foundation (NSF) (EPS-0814103 and ECCS-0901376). The work reported here partially involves intellectual property developed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. This intellectual property has been licensed to the IPG Photonics Corporation. The University of Alabama at Birmingham co-authors declare competing financial interests. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1530 EP 1532 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756TJ UT WOS:000290037300002 PM 21540917 ER PT J AU Andersen, AL AF Andersen, Allison L. TI A Three-Pronged Approach Using Patient Scenario, Hands-on Skills, and Case Presentation to Maintain Nursing Best Practice in High-Acuity, Low-Volume Emergencies in a Military Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) SO CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Andersen, Allison L.] USAF, Nurse Corps, David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0887-6274 J9 CLIN NURSE SPEC JI Clin. Nurse Spec. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 748QH UT WOS:000289405000011 ER PT J AU Ono, M Sachau, DA Deal, WP Englert, DR Taylor, MD AF Ono, Masakatsu Sachau, Daniel A. Deal, William P. Englert, David R. Taylor, Michael D. TI COGNITIVE ABILITY, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, AND THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AS PREDICTORS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR PERFORMANCE SO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE cognitive ability; emotional intelligence; Big Five; criminal investigators ID GENERAL MENTAL-ABILITY; JOB-PERFORMANCE; INCREMENTAL VALIDITY; EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY; 5-FACTOR MODEL; SELECTION; UTILITY; METAANALYSIS; OCCUPATIONS; BEHAVIORS AB This study examines the extent to which cognitive ability, the Big Five factor personality dimensions, and emotional intelligence are related to training and job performance of U.S. federal criminal investigators. Training performance measures were collected during a 17-week training program. Job performance measures were collected 1 year after the investigators completed the training program. Conscientiousness was modestly related to training performance. Cognitive ability and emotional intelligence were positively correlated with job performance. Neuroticism was negatively correlated with job performance. The relative benefits of using emotional intelligence and the five-factor model to select law enforcement agents are discussed. C1 [Sachau, Daniel A.] Minnesota State Univ, Ind Org Psychol Grad Program, Mankato, MN USA. [Deal, William P.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Psychol, Springfield, MO USA. [Englert, David R.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), Claremont Grad Univ, Sch Behav & Org Sci, 123 E 8th St, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM masakatsu.ono@cgu.edu NR 81 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0093-8548 J9 CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV JI Crim. Justice Behav. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 38 IS 5 BP 471 EP 491 DI 10.1177/0093854811399406 PG 21 WC Psychology, Clinical; Criminology & Penology SC Psychology; Criminology & Penology GA 746WD UT WOS:000289277900004 ER PT J AU Carroll, MB Holmes, R AF Carroll, Matthew B. Holmes, Robert TI Dermatomyositis and HIV infection: case report and review of the literature SO RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Dermatomyositis; Human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RHEUMATIC MANIFESTATIONS; AUTOIMMUNE PHENOMENA; PATHOGENESIS; DISEASES AB Since the 1980s, a host of autoimmune phenomena and rheumatologic illnesses have been linked to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Given the broad effects of this virus on both the humoral and cell-mediated arms of the immune system, illnesses such as polymyositis and Reiter's syndrome appear to be more prevalent in HIV-infected individuals and occur in the absence of well-described predispositions. The activities of some rheumatologic illnesses exhibit an inverse relationship with the course of HIV infection, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which becomes more quiescent with advancing disease. Dermatomyositis is a rheumatologic illness that very infrequently occurs and during our review of literature only three other cases were reported. We present the case of a Caucasian male in his mid-20s who presented with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and subsequently developed dermatomyositis. In this review, we highlight the current relationship between HIV infection and autoimmunity, the possible ways HIV infection may foster an environment favorable for the development of dermatomyositis, and review the previously reported cases of individuals with HIV infection who developed dermatomyositis. The complex issues of how to treat individuals with HIV and dermatomyositis is also discussed. C1 [Carroll, Matthew B.; Holmes, Robert] USAF, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Carroll, MB (reprint author), USAF, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM matthew.carroll@keesler.af.mil; robert.holmes@keesler.af.mil NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0172-8172 J9 RHEUMATOL INT JI Rheumatol. Int. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s00296-009-1231-x PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 754IN UT WOS:000289848400018 PM 19855968 ER PT J AU Crawford, P Seehusen, D AF Crawford, Paul Seehusen, Dean TI Scholarly Activity in Family Medicine Residency Programs: A National Survey SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIANS; FACULTY AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In 2006, the Family Medicine Review Committee (RC) began requiring resident scholarly activity. This study sought to (1) determine how resident scholarly activity requirements and productivity changed after this alteration, (2) delineate characteristics of scholarship within family medicine residencies, and (3) determine the factors within programs that are associated with resident scholarly productivity. METHODS: We sent a 38-item electronic survey to all 450 US family medicine program directors. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of scholarship. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of surveys were returned; 42.8% of programs modified scholarship requirements after 2006, and 48.6% required resident scholarship in 1997 versus 89.6% in 2009. A total of 76.6% have research curricula versus 51.5% in 1997; 87.5% report that <25% of residents authored publications within 2 years, yet 46.1% of programs report >50% of residents conducted research during that same time. Three factors were associated with >= 25% of residents publishing within 2 years: "Residency director publishing" (OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.5-11.5), ">= 6 faculty publications within 2 years" (OR=7.8, 95% CI=3.0-20.3), and "Residency opened before 1980" (OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.4-9.6). Five factors were associated with participation by >= 50% of program's residents in a research project: "Resident recognition for scholarship" (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1-4.1), "Dedicated resident time for research" (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.2-4.4), "Local Research Day" (OR=2.5, 95% CI=12-5.1), "Academic advancement linked to scholarship" (OR=1.9, 95% CI=0.9-3.9), and "Residency director performs research" (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.4-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Many family medicine residency programs have increased resident scholarly activity requirements since 2006. To date, these changes have not increased scholarly output, and most programs have low resident scholarship. This study confirms that dedicating resources and time to research combined with active faculty scholarship will likely increase resident scholarly production. C1 [Crawford, Paul] Nellis Family Med Residency, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Crawford, Paul] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Seehusen, Dean] DeWitt Army Community Hosp, Joint Family Med Residency, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), 99MDOS SGOF, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM drpaul-crawford@aol.com FU Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians Small Research Grant program FX The Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians Small Research Grant program supported this research. Some results from this work were previously presented at the 2010 Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians Annual Meeting and the 2010 Society of Teachers of Family Medicine Annual Spring Conference in Vancouver. The views and opinions expressed within are the sole responsibility of the authors and are not meant as official US Air Force, Air Force Medical Service, US Army, or Army Medical Command policy or statements. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 43 IS 5 BP 311 EP 317 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 971IN UT WOS:000306197700002 PM 21557099 ER PT J AU Boone, JL Feldt, BA McMains, KC Weitzel, EK AF Boone, John L. Feldt, Brent A. McMains, Kevin C. Weitzel, Erik K. TI Improved function of prototype 4.3-mm Medtronic Quadcut microdebrider blade over standard 4.0-mm Medtronic Tricut microdebrider blade SO INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadaver; endoscopic sinus surgery; microdebrider function; maxillary sinus; polyp removal ID ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY AB Objective: Test performance of a new prototype microdebrider blade. The commercially-available, standard 4.0-mm Medtronic straight Tricut blade was tested against the new, prototype 4.3-mm Medtronic straight Quadcut blade in experimental surgical conditions utilizing both a nasal polyp (NP) analog (raw oysters) and an allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) analog (minced beef cat food). Methods: Both sides of 5 thawed, fresh-frozen cadaver heads were utilized for NP analog removal. AFS analog was removed out of specimen containers. A total of 10 paired data points were collected for time of surgical removal and number of clogs comparing the 2 blades. Results: For simulated AFS debris, the prototype clogged less than the standard blade (0 vs 4.5, p < 0.0001). There were no clogs noted for either blade with the NP analog. Time for debris eradication was significantly improved for both AFS analog (147.4 vs 262.0 seconds, p < 0.0001) and NP analog (43.7 vs 112.1 seconds, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prototype blade offers faster debris and polyp removal and clogs less in the setting of allergic fungal debris. As the new blade is faster and more aggressive, introduction into a surgical setting should be guarded with an appropriate degree of caution. (C) 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC. C1 [Boone, John L.; McMains, Kevin C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Feldt, Brent A.; Weitzel, Erik K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), Dept OtoHNS, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM erik.weitzel@yahoo.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2042-6976 J9 INT FORUM ALLERGY RH JI Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 1 IS 3 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1002/alr.20034 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 007UA UT WOS:000308912700011 PM 22287373 ER PT J AU Brothers, MD LaChapelle, JA Wynkoop, BS Schindler, CR Grossmann, EC Apt, TM Rudico, ER Zupan, MF Nelson, JL AF Brothers, Michael D. LaChapelle, James A. Wynkoop, Bryan S. Schindler, Cole R. Grossmann, Elizabeth C. Apt, Tyner M. Rudico, Erlyn R. Zupan, Michael F. Nelson, Jeffery L. TI Rapid Moderate Altitude De-acclimatization and the Effect of Exercise Prescription to Mitigate Loss SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brothers, Michael D.; LaChapelle, James A.; Wynkoop, Bryan S.; Schindler, Cole R.; Grossmann, Elizabeth C.; Apt, Tyner M.; Rudico, Erlyn R.; Zupan, Michael F.; Nelson, Jeffery L.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM michael.brothers@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 43 IS 5 SU 1 MA 1383 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V34IG UT WOS:000209079501140 ER PT J AU Zhupanska, OI Sierakowski, RL AF Zhupanska, Olesya I. Sierakowski, Robert L. TI Electro-thermo-mechanical coupling in carbon fiber polymer matrix composites SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; IMPACT; PLATES; STRESS AB Field coupling in electric-current-carrying composites is studied. Governing equations describing electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical field interactions in anisotropic materials and a corresponding two-dimensional approximation for transversely isotropic plates are discussed. A problem of electric current-induced heating and the associated thermal stresses in the electrified carbon fiber polymer matrix composite plate is considered. A closed-form solution for the temperature distribution is obtained. It is shown that application of the electric current leads to a significant temperature gradient across the plate. This, in turn, results in a considerable rise of the in-plane compressive stresses in the direction transverse to the direction of the applied current. C1 [Zhupanska, Olesya I.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sierakowski, Robert L.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhupanska, OI (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ozhupans@engineering.uiowa.edu FU AFRL/RW; AFOSR FX OIZ would like to acknowledge the support of the AFRL/RW and AFOSR. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 EI 1619-6937 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 218 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s00707-010-0427-1 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 750QO UT WOS:000289563300011 ER PT J AU Idesman, AV Schmidt, M Foley, JR AF Idesman, A. V. Schmidt, M. Foley, J. R. TI Accurate finite element modeling of linear elastodynamics problems with the reduced dispersion error SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Elastic wave; Numerical dispersion; Damping; Finite element ID ELASTIC-WAVE-EQUATIONS; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; POLLUTION ERROR; PROPAGATION; INTEGRATION; OPERATORS; SCALAR AB It is known that the reduction in the finite element space discretization error for elastodynamics problems is related to the reduction in numerical dispersion of finite elements. In the paper, we extend the modified integration rule technique for the mass and stiffness matrices to the dispersion reduction of linear finite elements for linear elastodynamics. The analytical study of numerical dispersion for the modified integration rule technique and for the averaged mass matrix technique is carried out in the 1-D, 2-D and 3-D cases for harmonic plane waves. In the general case of loading, the numerical study of the effectiveness of the dispersion reduction techniques includes the filtering technique (developed in our previous papers) that identifies and removes spurious high-frequency oscillations. 1-D, 2-D and 3-D impact problems for which all frequencies of the semi-discrete system are excited are solved with the standard approach and with the new dispersion reduction technique. Numerical results show that compared with the standard mass and stiffness matrices, the simple dispersion reduction techniques lead to a considerable decrease in the number of degrees of freedom and computation time at the same accuracy, especially for multi-dimensional problems. A simple quantitative estimation of the effectiveness of the finite element formulations with reduced numerical dispersion compared with the formulation based on the standard mass and stiffness matrices is suggested. C1 [Idesman, A. V.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Schmidt, M.; Foley, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Idesman, AV (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alexander.idesman@ttu.edu FU Air Force Research Lab, Eglin [FA8651-08-D-0108]; Texas Tech University FX The research of AVI has been supported in part by the Air Force Research Lab, Eglin (contract # FA8651-08-D-0108) and by Texas Tech University. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 EI 1432-0924 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 5 BP 555 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s00466-010-0564-3 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 750PP UT WOS:000289560800006 ER PT J AU Chen, FY Su, WF Batalama, S Matyjas, JD AF Chen, Fuyu Su, Weifeng Batalama, Stella Matyjas, John D. TI Joint Power Optimization for Multi-Source Multi-Destination Relay Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Cooperative networks; interference relay channels; max-min SINR optimization; multi-source multi-destination relay networks; optimum power allocation ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; CAPACITY THEOREMS; PROTOCOLS; CHANNEL AB In this paper, low-complexity joint power assignment algorithms are developed for multi-source multi-destination relay networks where multiple sources share a common relay that forwards all received signals simultaneously to destinations. In particular, we consider the following power optimization strategies: (i) Minimization of the total transmission power of the sources and the relay under the constraint that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirement of each source-destination pair is satisfied, and (ii) Maximization of the minimum SINR among all source-destination pairs subject to any given total power budget. Both optimization problems involve K power variables, where K is the number of source-destination pairs in the network, and an exhaustive search is prohibitive for large K. In this work, we develop a methodology that allows us to obtain an asymptotically tight approximation of the SINR and reformulate the original optimization problems to single-variable optimization problems, which can be easily solved by numerical search of the single variable. Then, the corresponding optimal transmission power at each source and relay can be calculated directly. The proposed optimization schemes are scalable and lead to power assignment algorithms that exhibit the same optimization complexity for any number (K) of source-destination pairs in the network. Moreover, we apply the methodology that we developed to solve a related max-min SINR based optimization problem in which we determine power assignment for the sources and the relay to maximize the minimum SINR among all source-destination pairs subject to any given total power budget. Extensive numerical studies illustrate and validate our theoretical developments. C1 [Chen, Fuyu; Su, Weifeng; Batalama, Stella] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, RIGF, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, FY (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM fuyuchen@buffalo.edu; weifeng@buffalo.edu; bata-lama@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA87500810063] FX Manuscript received September 22, 2010; revised January 06, 2011; accepted January 11, 2011. Date of publication February 04, 2011; date of current version April 13, 2011. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Biao Chen. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA87500810063. Approved for Public Release; 88ABW-2010-1618. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 2370 EP 2381 DI 10.1109/TSP.2011.2109958 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 749NT UT WOS:000289475800036 ER PT J AU Kowash, BR Wehe, DK AF Kowash, B. R. Wehe, D. K. TI A unified near- and far-field imaging model for rotating modulation collimators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Radiation imaging; Standoff detection; Rotating collimators; Time modulated imaging AB Rotating modulation collimators (RMCs) are a class of imaging devices that have been applied to both gamma ray astronomy (far field) and medical imaging (very near field). To reconstruct images from these devices, it is necessary to understand the imaging system model and how the radiation source is modulated. In both the near and far fields, simplifying approximations can allow for closed form transmission functions. This research presents a new method for identifying the RMC imaging system model. Results are compared to existing far field models as well as measured data. The new method removes many of the constraints assumed for previous models (infinite extent, uniform slits, black masks, etc.), allowing for potential studies on new classes of RMCs and mask designs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kowash, B. R.; Wehe, D. K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kowash, B. R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kowash, BR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd,1906 Cooley Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM Benjamin.kowash@afit.edu NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 637 IS 1 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.037 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 751HL UT WOS:000289608000023 ER PT J AU Phillips, TM AF Phillips, Timothy M. TI Spectrum of cloacal exstrophy SO SEMINARS IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Cloacal exstrophy; OEIS; Bladder; Congenital ID ANUS-SPINAL DEFECTS; EPISPADIAS COMPLEX; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; IDENTICAL-TWINS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; MANAGEMENT; BLADDER; EXPERIENCE; ASSOCIATION AB Cloacal exstrophy, one of the most severe congenital anomalies compatible with life, occurs in up to 1 in 200,000 lives births. The condition affects nearly every major organ system with severe neurologic, skeletal, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary ramifications. With increased understanding of the anatomy and embryology combined with refinements in prenatal diagnosis and postnatal care, there is now near-universal survival of patients with cloacal exstrophy. Functional and cosmetic outcomes have improved with modifications in surgical technique. However, debate continues regarding the issue of gender identity, and long-term data are still accruing with respect to the best strategy for management. Despite the extensive malformations noted, many patients have gone on to live fruitful lives. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Phillips, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Timothy.phillips@us.af.mil NR 57 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1055-8586 EI 1532-9453 J9 SEMIN PEDIATR SURG JI Semin. Pediatr. Surg. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.12.007 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 751HA UT WOS:000289606900011 PM 21453856 ER PT J AU Hacker, JP Ha, SY Snyder, C Berner, J Eckel, FA Kuchera, E Pocernich, M Rugg, S Schramm, J Wang, X AF Hacker, J. P. Ha, S. -Y. Snyder, C. Berner, J. Eckel, F. A. Kuchera, E. Pocernich, M. Rugg, S. Schramm, J. Wang, X. TI The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency's mesoscale ensemble: scientific description and performance results SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; PART I; MODEL; FORECASTS; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; TRANSFORM AB This work evaluates several techniques to account for mesoscale initial-condition (IC) and model uncertainty in a short-range ensemble prediction system based on the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. A scientific description and verification of several candidate methods for implementation in the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency mesoscale ensemble is presented. Model perturbation methods tested include multiple parametrization suites, land-surface property perturbations, perturbations to parameters within physics schemes and stochastic 'backscatter' stream-function perturbations. IC perturbations considered include perturbed observations in 10 independent WRF-3DVar cycles and the ensemble-transform Kalman filter (ETKF). A hybrid of ETKF (for IC perturbations) and WRF-3DVar (to update the ensemble mean) is also tested. Results show that all of the model and IC perturbation methods examined are more skilful than direct dynamical downscaling of the global ensemble. IC perturbations are most helpful during the first 12 h of the forecasts. Physical parametrization diversity appears critical for boundary-layer forecasts. In an effort to reduce system complexity by reducing the number of suites of physical parametrizations, a smaller set of parametrization suites was combined with perturbed parameters and stochastic backscatter, resulting in the most skilful and statistically consistent ensemble predictions. C1 [Hacker, J. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ha, S. -Y.; Snyder, C.; Berner, J.; Pocernich, M.; Schramm, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Eckel, F. A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kuchera, E.; Rugg, S.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Bellevue, NE USA. [Wang, X.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphacker@nps.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU U.S. Air Force Weather Agency FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency. The authors are grateful for support from D. Gill, J. Dudhia and others in the WRF development group. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 625 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00497.x PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 749PU UT WOS:000289481700016 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Hils, JE Forster, N AF Johnson, David W. Hils, John E. Forster, Nelson TI Interaction of Polyol Esters and Phosphate Esters with Metal Carbides SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lubricant degradation; Carbides; Additive decomposition; Aviation ID CHROMIUM CARBIDE; N-BUTANE; STEELS; PERFORMANCE; SEGREGATION; PHOSPHORUS; ADSORPTION; VC(100) AB The need for higher performance in jet turbine engines has led to the development of alloys with greater hardness for use in bearings. The increased hardness is a result of carburizing of the surface which leads to a change in the surface chemistry through the formation of metal carbides. The authors have found that metal carbides react differently with the lubricants and additives than the oxides found on the surface of currently used alloys. Of particular concern is the observed reaction of the ester basestock with metal carbides in the presence of phosphate esters. The authors have found that metal carbides can catalyze the decomposition of hindered esters in the presence of aryl phosphates to give the component acids. Products of the reaction include free acids, phenyl esters, and dehydrogenated esters. This reaction is expected to rapidly degrade the performance of the oil due to both acid formation and viscosity breakdown. Examination of the remaining solid material indicates that phosphorus has been incorporated into the structure, presumable as phosphate. C1 [Johnson, David W.; Hils, John E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Forster, Nelson] USAF, Mech Syst Branch, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate,Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM dave.johnson@notes.udayton.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 42 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s11249-011-9766-x PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 746ZI UT WOS:000289289400011 ER PT J AU Bukur, M Inaba, K Barmparas, G DuBose, JJ Lam, L Branco, BC Lustenberger, T Demetriades, D AF Bukur, Marko Inaba, Kenji Barmparas, Galinos DuBose, Joseph J. Lam, Lydia Branco, Bernardino C. Lustenberger, Thomas Demetriades, Demetrios TI Self-inflicted penetrating injuries at a Level I Trauma Center SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE Self-inflicted injury; Penetrating; Outcomes; Suicide; Stab wound; Gunshot wound ID SUICIDE; SYSTEM AB Introduction: Although gunshot and stab wounds are a common cause of self-inflicted injury, very little is understood about this mechanism of injury. The aim of this study was to characterise the epidemiology and outcomes of patients who injured themselves with a gun or sharp object. Methods: After IRB approval, the LAC + USC Trauma Registry was utilised to identify all patients who sustained a self-inflicted injury caused by firearm (GSW) or stabbing (SW) from 1997 to 2007. Demographic data, injury characteristics, surgical interventions, and outcomes were abstracted and analysed. Results: During the 11-year study period, a total of 753 patients (1.6%) were admitted for a self-inflicted injury. Of these, 369 (49.0%) had a self-inflicted penetrating injury, with 72 (19.5%) having sustained a GSW and 297 (80.5%) having a SW. Overall, the mean age was 36.4 +/- 15.8 years, 83.5% were male, with a mean ISS of 7.4 +/- 11.0. The most commonly injured body region in GSW patients was the head (76.4%), followed by the chest (15.3%) and in SW patients the upper extremity (37.0%), followed by the abdomen (36.4%). When compared to SW, GSW were significantly more frequent in males (21.4% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.04), and were most commonly to the head (21.4% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.02). Patients sustaining a GSW were more likely to be older than 55 years (22.2% vs. 8.4%, p < 0.001). Intoxication was noted at presentation in 38.3% of screened GSW patients and 39.9% of SW patients. SW patients required operative intervention more frequently (40.9% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.01), with 12.8% of them requiring exploratory laparotomy. However, patients who shot themselves were much more likely to die (66.7%) than those presenting with SW (1.7%). For those presenting with a GSW to the head, the mortality rate was even higher, at 80%. Mortality did not differ between males and females in either group. Conclusion: Although a self-inflicted SW is far more common than a self-inflicted GSW, patients sustaining a GSW are more severely injured, and have a nearly 110-fold increased risk of death. Though less lethal, stab wounds still consume significant amounts of healthcare resources and incur large in-hospital costs. The average hospital charge incurred for treating these self-inflicted injuries was five times the amount spent per annum on American citizens. Self-inflicted penetrating injuries represent a golden opportunity for secondary prevention through psychiatric intervention. These interventions may not only preserve life but also improve resource utilisation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bukur, Marko; Inaba, Kenji; Barmparas, Galinos; Lam, Lydia; Branco, Bernardino C.; Lustenberger, Thomas; Demetriades, Demetrios] USC LAC Med Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [DuBose, Joseph J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Trauma Acute Care Surg & Surg Crit Care, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Inaba, K (reprint author), USC LAC Med Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg, 1200 N State St,Inpatient Tower C,Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM kinaba@surgery.usc.edu NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2010.03.010 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA 743XQ UT WOS:000289053200007 PM 20359709 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Wilks, GB Scott, JM Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Wilks, G. B. Scott, J. M. Miracle, D. B. TI Mechanical properties of Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 and V20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20 refractory high entropy alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Intermetallics, miscellaneous; Mechanical properties at high temperatures; Mechanical properties at ambient temperature; Microstructure (as-cast, deformation-induced, recrystallization-induced) AB Two refractory high entropy alloys with compositions near Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 and V20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20, were produced by vacuum arc-melting. Despite containing many constituents, both alloys had a single-phase body-centered cubic (BCC) structure that remained not only stable after exposure to 1400 degrees C, but also disordered, as confirmed by the absence of superlattice reflections in neutron diffraction data. Compressive flow properties and microstructure development of these alloys were determined from room temperature up to 1600 degrees C. Limited compressive plasticity and quasi-cleavage fracture at room temperature suggest that the ductile-to-brittle transition for these alloys occurs above room temperature. At 600 degrees C and above, both alloys showed extensive compressive plastic strain. The yield stress of both alloys dropped by 30-40% between room temperature and 600 degrees C, but was relatively insensitive to temperature above 600 degrees C, comparing favorably with conventional superalloys. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Scott, J. M.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Senkov, O. N.; Wilks, G. B.; Scott, J. M.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wilks, G. B.] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; USAF [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Discussions with Drs. Christopher F. Woodward, Patrick L Martin and Young-Won Kim are greatly appreciated. The authors would like to acknowledge their appreciation of the technical support provided by S.V. Senkova (UES, Inc.) in microstructure analysis. The neutron diffraction was performed at the National Institute of Standard and Technology (Dr. Mark Green). This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) and through USAF Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 14 TC 228 Z9 235 U1 46 U2 206 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAY PY 2011 VL 19 IS 5 BP 698 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2011.01.004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 744WV UT WOS:000289126800014 ER PT J AU Kalns, J Cox, J Baskin, J Santos, A Odland, R Fecura, S AF Kalns, John Cox, Jennifer Baskin, Jonathan Santos, Adrienne Odland, Rick Fecura, Stephen TI Threshold Model for Extremity Compartment Syndrome in Swine SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE compartment syndrome; swine model; tibialis anterior; threshold pressure; inflammation; edema; neutrophil AB Background. Extremity compartment syndrome occurs when swelling develops within a muscle compartment to such an extent that the microvasculature is compressed and tissue perfusion is compromised. Untreated, this condition can result in widespread tissue destruction and loss of the affected limb. Methods. Swine were subjected to diffuse muscle compression injury using a balloon catheter inserted between the anterior muscle compartment of the hind limb and the anterior face of the tibia. Balloons were inflated with saline to produce a sustained intramuscular pressure (IMP) of approximately 30 mmHg greater than mean arterial pressure. Following injury the IMP was monitored for up to 8 h. At the end of the monitoring period, the tibialis anterior muscle was collected and examined for injury. Results. One animal receiving 6 h injury dislodged the implanted pressure transducers and was dropped from the data analysis. In all other limbs (n = 8) receiving 6 h injury, significant spontaneous increases in IMP were observed following injury. The tibialis anterior in all of the 6 h injury limbs also showed extensive tissue damage. In the limbs injured for 5 h (n = 10), only three showed a significant increase in IMP. The magnitude and duration of this increase closely resembled that seen following 6 h injury. Tissue damage was reduced in comparison with 6 h injury. Conclusions. The injury technique described here provides a potential useful threshold model for studying extremity compartment syndrome and the influence of related factors on the progression of this condition. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalns, John; Cox, Jennifer; Baskin, Jonathan; Santos, Adrienne] Hyperion Biotechnol Inc, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78248 USA. [Odland, Rick] Twinstar Med Inc, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fecura, Stephen] USAF, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalns, J (reprint author), Hyperion Biotechnol Inc, Div Clin Res, 13302 Langtry St, San Antonio, TX 78248 USA. EM johnkalns@hyperionbiotechnology.com FU Air Force Surgeon General [FA8900-06-D-6018]; Veterinary Sciences Branch, Brooks City-Base FX This work was supported by the Air Force Surgeon General under contract FA8900-06-D-6018 to Hyperion Biotechnology, Inc. The authors acknowledge Dr. Curtis Klages D. V. M. and Dr. Linda Harris D. V. M. of the 711th Human Effectiveness Directorate, Veterinary Sciences Branch, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235 for expert guidance, support, and assistance of animal procedures. The authors thank Dr. R. Wayne Kornegay D. V. M., Ph.D. for expert assessment of pathologies induced by compartment syndrome. They thank TSgt Sean Seay from the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine for providing technical support during surgery. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 167 IS 1 BP E13 EP E19 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2010.12.041 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 739UP UT WOS:000288744100003 PM 21324489 ER PT J AU Tirry, W Nixon, M Cazacu, O Coghe, F Rabet, L AF Tirry, W. Nixon, M. Cazacu, O. Coghe, F. Rabet, L. TI The importance of secondary and ternary twinning in compressed Ti SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); Texture; Twinning; Titanium; Plastic deformation ID TEXTURE EVOLUTION; ALPHA-TITANIUM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; METALS; ZIRCONIUM; MAGNESIUM; PURITY; SLIP AB Twin formation during uniaxial compression of high-purity alpha-Ti at room temperature is investigated for both quasi-static and dynamic conditions using electron backscatter diffraction techniques. The initial texture is favorable for {10 (1) over bar2} twinning, yet it is observed that secondary and ternary twins occur for both strain rates, showing a higher propensity in the dynamic case. While secondary twins may explain the difference in texture change and strain hardening between the two loading conditions, the ternary twins mainly contribute to grain fractioning. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tirry, W.; Coghe, F.; Rabet, L.] Royal Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Nixon, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin, FL 32579 USA. [Cazacu, O.] Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Tirry, W (reprint author), Royal Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Renaissancelaan 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM wim.tirry@ua.ac.be RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 FU Inter University Attraction Poles program [P6/24]; US Air Force [FA8651-08-1-0009, FA9550-10-1-0429] FX This work was funded by the Inter University Attraction Poles program "Physics based multilevel mechanics of metals" (Belgian Science Policy) under contract number P6/24. O.C. acknowledges partial support from the US Air Force through grants FA8651-08-1-0009 and FA9550-10-1-0429. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 64 IS 9 BP 840 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.01.012 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 739SN UT WOS:000288738400011 ER PT J AU Irwin, MD Servaites, JD Buchholz, DB Leever, BJ Liu, J Emery, JD Zhang, M Song, JH Durstock, MF Freeman, AJ Bedzyk, MJ Hersam, MC Chang, RPH Ratner, MA Marks, TJ AF Irwin, Michael D. Servaites, Jonathan D. Buchholz, D. Bruce Leever, Benjamin J. Liu, Jun Emery, Jonathan D. Zhang, Ming Song, Jung-Hwan Durstock, Michael F. Freeman, Arthur J. Bedzyk, Michael J. Hersam, Mark C. Chang, Robert P. H. Ratner, Mark A. Marks, Tobin J. TI Structural and Electrical Functionality of NiO Interfacial Films in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE organic solar cells; nickel oxide; interfacial layer; organic photovoltaics; NiO; hole transport layer; electron blocking layer ID INDIUM TIN OXIDE; POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; HOLE-TRANSPORT LAYERS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PLANE-WAVE METHOD; NICKEL-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB The functionality of NiO interfacial layers in enhancing bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell performance is investigated by integrated characterization of the electrical properties, microstructure, electronic structure, and optical properties of thin NiO films grown on glass/ITO electrodes. These NiO layers are found to be advantageous in BHJ OPV applications due to favorable energy band levels, interface passivation, p-type character, crystallinity, smooth surfaces, and optical transparency. The NiO overlayers are fabricated via pulsed-laser deposition and;Found to have a work function of similar to 5.3 eV. They are investigated by both topographic and conductive atomic force microscopy and shown to passivate interfacial charge traps. The films also have an average optical transparency of >80% in the visible range, crucial for efficient OPV function, and have a near-stoichiometric NiO surface composition. By grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, the NiO thin films are shown to grow preferentially in the (111) direction and to have the fcc NaCl crystal structure. Diodes of p-n structure and first-principles electronic structure calculations indicate that the NiO interlayer is preferentially conductive to holes, with a lower hole charge carrier effective mass versus that of electrons. Finally, the implications of these attributes in advancing efficiencies for state-of-the-art OPV systems-in particular, improving the open circuit voltage (V-OC)-are discussed. C1 [Leever, Benjamin J.; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Irwin, Michael D.; Liu, Jun; Hersam, Mark C.; Ratner, Mark A.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Servaites, Jonathan D.; Buchholz, D. Bruce; Leever, Benjamin J.; Emery, Jonathan D.; Zhang, Ming; Bedzyk, Michael J.; Hersam, Mark C.; Chang, Robert P. H.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Servaites, Jonathan D.; Buchholz, D. Bruce; Leever, Benjamin J.; Emery, Jonathan D.; Zhang, Ming; Bedzyk, Michael J.; Hersam, Mark C.; Chang, Robert P. H.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Song, Jung-Hwan; Freeman, Arthur J.; Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bedzyk, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Irwin, Michael D.; Servaites, Jonathan D.; Buchholz, D. Bruce; Leever, Benjamin J.; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Ming; Song, Jung-Hwan; Freeman, Arthur J.; Hersam, Mark C.; Chang, Robert P. H.; Ratner, Mark A.; Marks, Tobin J.] Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil; ajf328@northwestern.edu; bedzyk@northwestern.edu; m-hersam@northwestern.edu; r-chang@northwestern.edu; ratner@northwestern.edu; t-marks@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Irwin, Michael/C-2613-2011; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46320, W911NF-05-1-0177, ECS-0609064, DE-SC0001059] FX We thank BP Solar, the AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, the DOE (DE-FG02-06ER46320), the Army Research Office (W911NF-05-1-0177), the NSF (ECS-0609064), and the ANSER Energy Frontier Research Center (funded by the Department of Energy, DE-SC0001059) for support of this research. We thank the NSF-MRSEC program through the Northwestern Materials Research Center (DMR-0520513) for support of characterization facilities. NR 113 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 115 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2218 EP 2226 DI 10.1021/cm200229e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 751AF UT WOS:000289589000030 ER PT J AU Moro, S Danicic, A Alic, N Usechak, NG Radic, S AF Moro, Slaven Danicic, Aleksandar Alic, Nikola Usechak, Nicholas G. Radic, Stojan TI Widely-tunable parametric short-wave infrared transmitter for CO2 trace detection SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FIBER; LIDAR; BAND; TRANSLATION; EMISSIONS; RANGES AB An all-fiber, tunable, short-wave infrared transmitter is demonstrated using efficient four-wave mixing in conventional L and O bands. To realize this source a highly-nonlinear fiber, exhibiting low bend loss over the short-wave infrared spectral band, is employed because of its advantageous properties as a nonlinear mixing medium. The transmitter was subsequently exploited to probe and detect trace levels of carbon dioxide in the 2051-nm spectral region where its beam properties, tunability, narrow linewidth, and stability all coalesce to permit this application. This work indicates this transmitter can serve as a robust source for sensing carbon dioxide and other trace gasses in the short-wave infrared spectral region and should therefore play an important role in future applications. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Moro, Slaven; Alic, Nikola; Radic, Stojan] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Danicic, Aleksandar] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Usechak, Nicholas G.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Moro, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM smoro@ucsd.edu FU DARPA [FA8650-08-1-7819]; AFOSR [LRIR 09RY04COR]; Lockheed Martin Corporation FX This material is based on research sponsored by the DARPA under agreement number FA8650-08-1-7819 Parametric Optical Processes and Systems. N. G. Usechak is supported through AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR. Part of this work was also supported by Lockheed Martin Corporation. The authors would like to thank Sumitomo Electric Ltd. for providing the nonlinear fiber. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 9 BP 8173 EP 8178 DI 10.1364/OE.19.008173 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 762NJ UT WOS:000290485900026 PM 21643067 ER PT J AU Zesta, E Shi, Y Donovan, E Spanswick, E Lyons, LR Angelopoulos, V McFadden, JP Carlson, CW Auster, HU Mende, S McCready, MA Heinselman, CJ Kendall, E Doe, R AF Zesta, Eftyhia Shi, Yong Donovan, E. Spanswick, E. Lyons, Larry R. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. Carlson, C. W. Auster, Hans-Ulrich Mende, S. McCready, M. A. Heinselman, C. J. Kendall, E. Doe, R. TI Ionospheric convection signatures of tail fast flows during substorms and Poleward Boundary Intensifications (PBI) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; AURORAL STREAMERS; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOTAIL; ASSOCIATION AB Tail fast flows have been associated both with the onset of substorms and with auroral Poleward Boundary Intensifications (PBIs) that extend equatorward as streamers. We study here a series of bursts of fast tail flow that occurred on 5 March 2008 when four of the THEMIS probes were aligned in the tail from mid-tail to inner magnetosphere and were in good conjunction with the Sondrestrom Incoherent Scatter Radar. The series of burst are identified as two separate events. We find that the first event is associated with a small substorm onset, and the second with a PBI and then possibly another onset. The ionospheric flow signatures of the substorm and the PBI are distinctly different: the substorm onset is characterized by flow enhancement in the polar cap several minutes before onset and by sudden ionospheric flow reduction at onset, while the PBI is accompanied by a flow enhancement directed primarily equatorward and intruding from the polar cap into the plasma sheet. Citation: Zesta, E., et al. (2011), Ionospheric convection signatures of tail fast flows during substorms and Poleward Boundary Intensifications (PBI), Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08105, doi: 10.1029/2011GL046758. C1 [Zesta, Eftyhia] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Shi, Yong; Lyons, Larry R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Donovan, E.; Spanswick, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T0L 2C0, Canada. [McCready, M. A.; Heinselman, C. J.; Kendall, E.; Doe, R.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McFadden, J. P.; Carlson, C. W.; Mende, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Auster, Hans-Ulrich] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Zesta, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ftyhia.Zesta@hanscom.af.mil OI Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0639312, ATM-0646233]; NASA [NNX09AI06G, NNG05GE24G, NAS5-02099]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0836152]; SRI International; DLR [50 OC 0302] FX This work was supported at UCLA by National Science Foundation grants ATM-0639312 and ATM-0646233 and NASA grants NNX09AI06G and NNG05GE24G. The Sondrestrom ISR measurements and analysis are supported under cooperative agreement ATM-0836152 between the U.S. National Science Foundation and SRI International. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and DLR contract 50 OC 0302. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L08105 DI 10.1029/2011GL046758 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754LH UT WOS:000289855600001 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Boatz, JA Vaghjiani, GL Friedman, JF Eyet, N Viggiano, AA AF Chambreau, Steven D. Boatz, Jerry A. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Eyet, Nicole Viggiano, A. A. TI Reactions of Ions with Ionic Liquid Vapors by Selected-Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE; 1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLGUANIDINIUM CHLORIDE; PERTURBATION-THEORY; BASIS-SET; VAPORIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; ENTHALPIES; PRESSURE AB Room-temperature ionic liquids exert vanishingly small vapor pressures under ambient conditions. Under reduced pressure, certain ionic liquids have demonstrated volatility, and they are thought to vaporize as intact cation-anion ion pairs. However, ion pair vapors are difficult to detect because their concentration is extremely low under these conditions. In this Letter, we report the products of reacting ions such as NO+, NH4+, NO3-, and O-2(-) with vaporized aprotic ionic liquids in their intact ion pair form. Ion pair fragmentation to the cation or anion as well as ion exchange and ion addition processes are observed by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Free energies of the reactions involving 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide determined by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations indicate that ion exchange or ion addition are energetically more favorable than charge-transfer processes, whereas charge-transfer processes can be important in reactions involving 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZSP, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Chambreau, Steven D.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Eyet, Nicole; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBXT Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Eyet, Nicole] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Eyet, Nicole] St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, Manchester, NH 03102 USA. RP Vaghjiani, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZSP, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9300-06-C-0023, 2303EP4]; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0055] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9300-06-C-0023 for the Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA 93524. A. A.V. is grateful for support from AFOSR under Project 2303EP4. J.F.F. and N.E. acknowledge funding from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College (FA8718-04-C-0055). This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Army Research Laboratory, the Air Force Research Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, and Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers (DSRCs). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 2 IS 8 BP 874 EP 879 DI 10.1021/jz200212j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 754BA UT WOS:000289824800006 PM 26295621 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Lee, J Roy, AK Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Lee, Jonghoon Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. TI Modeling of interface thermal conductance in longitudinally connected carbon nanotube junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; HEAT-CONDUCTION; COMPOSITES; SIMULATION; ENHANCEMENT; SUSPENSIONS; RESISTANCE; SCATTERING AB This article explores the behavior of interface thermal conductance of longitudinally connected ( 6,6) nanotubes-connected through CH(2) linkages-using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) and wave packet simulations. Here, we study the effect of connected linkers on the interface thermal conductance and thermal energy transmission coefficients for several phonon modes. Our simulation results suggest that interface thermal conductance between nanotubes strongly depends on the number of CH(2) linkers. The more the number of CH(2) linkers, the higher the conductance. Further insights into phonon energy transmission are provided from wave packet simulations. Here, we find that the behavior of transmission for various studied acoustic and optical phonon modes is complex in nature, where the thermal transmission coefficients do not always correlate with number of CH2 linkages. However, when the contributions from all the modes are added together, the overall interface thermal conductance agrees well with NEMD simulations. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3560914] C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon; Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee and United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research for the financial support. The authors also acknowledge Dr. S. S. Patnaik and Dr. T. Fisher for their helpful discussions during the course of this study. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 8 AR 084913 DI 10.1063/1.3560914 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 756XB UT WOS:000290047000240 ER PT J AU Zherebtsov, SV Dyakonov, GS Salem, AA Malysheva, SP Salishcheva, GA Semiatin, SL AF Zherebtsov, S. V. Dyakonov, G. S. Salem, A. A. Malysheva, S. P. Salishcheva, G. A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Evolution of grain and subgrain structure during cold rolling of commercial-purity titanium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium; Cold rolling; Microstructure; Twinning; Grain refinement; EBSD ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALUMINUM; DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE; ALLOYS; METALS; SLIP AB The evolution of microstructure in commercial-purity titanium during cold rolling to a thickness strain of 2.6 was quantified using electron backscatter diffraction. The measurements were analyzed in terms of the mean grain size and the density of boundaries (the ratio of total boundary length to the scanned area). The density of high-angle boundaries as a function of thickness strain had three distinct stages, each of which was associated with a different mechanism of microstructure formation, i.e., (i) twinning, (ii) an increase in dislocation density and the formation of substructure, and (iii) the formation of deformation-induced high-angle boundaries. The influence of twinning on the kinetics of microstructure evolution was also interpreted. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zherebtsov, S. V.; Dyakonov, G. S.; Salishcheva, G. A.] Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Salem, A. A.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salem, A. A.] United Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Malysheva, S. P.] Inst Met Superplast Problems RAS, Ufa 450001, Russia. RP Zherebtsov, SV (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Pobeda 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM Zherebtsov@bsu.edu.ru RI Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; Dyakonov, Grigory/0000-0001-5389-5547; Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Federal Agency for Education, Russia [P2486] FX This work was supported by the Federal Agency for Education, Russia; Grant #P2486. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 528 IS 9 BP 3474 EP 3479 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.039 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 738HC UT WOS:000288629900027 ER PT J AU Knize, RJ Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK AF Knize, R. J. Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. TI Photoionization in alkali lasers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-POOLING COLLISIONS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; CESIUM PLASMA; NOBLE-GAS; CS LASER; POTASSIUM; VAPOR; RUBIDIUM; EQUILIBRIUM AB We have calculated photoionization rates in alkali lasers. The photoionization of alkali atoms in the gain medium of alkali lasers can significantly degrade the laser performance by reducing the neutral alkali density and with it the gain. For a ten atmosphere Rb laser and a Cs exciplex laser, the photoionization induced alkali atom loss rates are greater than 10(5) sec(-1). These high loss rates will quickly deplete the neutral alkali density, reducing gain, and may require fast, possibly, supersonic flow rates to sufficiently replenish the neutral medium for CW operation. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Knize, R. J.; Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knize, RJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.shaffer.ctr@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers, and the National Science Foundation. NR 33 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 11 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 8 BP 7894 EP 7902 DI 10.1364/OE.19.007894 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 762MI UT WOS:000290482500089 PM 21503101 ER PT J AU Costa, E de Paula, ER Rezende, LFC Groves, KM Roddy, PA Dao, EV Kelley, MC AF Costa, Emanoel de Paula, Eurico R. Rezende, L. F. C. Groves, Keith M. Roddy, Patrick A. Dao, Eugene V. Kelley, Michael C. TI Equatorial scintillation calculations based on coherent scatter radar and C/NOFS data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MEASUREMENTS; SPREAD-F CAMPAIGN; IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES; STEEPENED STRUCTURES; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; BRAZILIAN REGION; PLASMA BUBBLES; DRIFT WAVES; VHF RADAR; SAO-LUIS AB During its transit through a region of equatorial ionospheric irregularities, sensors on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite provide a one-dimensional description of the medium, which can be extended to two dimensions if the structures are assumed to be elongated in the direction of the magnetic field lines. The C/NOFS scintillation calculation approach assumes that the medium is equivalent to a diffracting screen with random phase fluctuations that are proportional to the irregularities in the total electron content, specified through the product of the directly measured electron density by an estimated extent of the irregularity layer along the raypaths. Within the international collaborative effort anticipated by the C/NOFS Science Definition Team, the present work takes the vertical structure of the irregularities into more detailed consideration, which could lead to improved predictions of scintillation. Initially, it describes a flexible model for the power spectral density of the equatorial ionospheric irregularities, estimates its shape parameters from C/NOFS in situ data and uses the signal-to-noise ratio S/N measurements by the Sao Luis coherent scatter radar to estimate the mean square electron density fluctuation within the corresponding sampled volume. Next, it presents an algorithm for the wave propagation through a three-dimensional irregularity layer which considers the variations of along the propagation paths according to observations by the radar. Data corresponding to several range-time-intensity maps from the radar is used to predict time variations of the scintillation index S(4) at the L1 Global Positioning System (GPS) frequency (1575.42 MHz). The results from the scintillation calculations are compared with corresponding measurements by the colocated Sao Luis GPS scintillation monitor for an assessment of the prediction capability of the present formulation. C1 [Costa, Emanoel] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Estudos Telecomun, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [de Paula, Eurico R.; Rezende, L. F. C.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Aeron, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Groves, Keith M.; Roddy, Patrick A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA USA. [Dao, Eugene V.; Kelley, Michael C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Costa, E (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Estudos Telecomun, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013; Rezende, Luiz Felipe/B-3085-2016; OI de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826; Rezende, Luiz Felipe Campos de/0000-0003-2569-9797 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0586] FX The authors thank Acacio C. Neto (INPE, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil) and his staff for the radar operation and maintenance, Lazaro P. de Camargo (INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil) for processing of the RTI data, and Esfhan A. Kherani (INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil) and Fabiano S. Rodrigues (ASTRA, San Antonio, TX, USA) for many enlightening discussions. The authors also thank Donald Hunton (AFRL/RVBXT) and the reviewers for their detailed and insightful comments and constructive suggestions. Their valuable contributions helped the authors to produce an improved paper. Work at CETUC/PUC-Rio has been sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under award FA9550-07-1-0586. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 46 AR RS2011 DI 10.1029/2010RS004435 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 747ZQ UT WOS:000289360200001 ER PT J AU Rameshbabu, K Urbas, A Li, QA AF Rameshbabu, Krishnamurthy Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally Irreversible Photochromic Cholesteric Liquid Crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SWITCHES; DIARYLETHENE; BISTHIENYLETHENE; FLUORESCENCE; PHASES AB Three thermally irreversible photochromic chiral liquid crystal dithienylcyclopentenes were found not only to be able to self-organize into a phototunable helical superstructure, i.e., cholesteric phase, but also to be able to induce a photoresponsive helical superstructure in an achiral liquid crystal host. The cholesteric phase in the three chiral compounds went into a glassy phase without crystallization upon cooling. All the materials exhibited reversible photochromism with thermal stability in both solution and thin film, and their fluorescence was shifted to longer wavelength upon UV irradiation while the shifted fluorescence was recovered upon visible light irradiation. The enhanced fluorescence emission with the addition of fluoride anions was observed, and its reverse process happened with the addition of an equivalent proton. C1 [Rameshbabu, Krishnamurthy; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, QA (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0001412]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0254]; National Science Foundation [NSF IIP 0750379] FX This work is partially supported by the Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0001412), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254), and the National Science Foundation (NSF IIP 0750379). We thank Dr. A. Gericke for the use of his characterization equipment. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 13 BP 3409 EP 3415 DI 10.1021/jp112401k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 741SU UT WOS:000288885700017 PM 21401119 ER PT J AU Cao, L Sahu, S Anilkumar, P Bunker, CE Xu, JA Fernando, KAS Wang, P Guliants, EA Tackett, KN Sun, YP AF Cao, Li Sahu, Sushant Anilkumar, Parambath Bunker, Christopher E. Xu, Juan Fernando, K. A. Shiral Wang, Ping Guliants, Elena A. Tackett, Kenneth N., II Sun, Ya-Ping TI Carbon Nanoparticles as Visible-Light Photocatalysts for Efficient CO2 Conversion and Beyond SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; WATER; PHOTOREDUCTION; REDUCTION; DIOXIDE; FUELS; DOTS AB Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels have generated much concern, driving the ongoing carbon sequestration effort. A compelling CO2 sequestration option is its photocatalytic conversion to hydrocarbons, for which the use of solar irradiation represents an ultimate solution. Here we report a new strategy of using surface-functionalized small carbon nanoparticles to harvest visible photons for subsequent charge separation on the particle surface in order to drive the efficient photocatalytic process. The aqueous solubility of the catalysts enables photoreduction under more desirable homogeneous reaction conditions. Beyond CO2 conversion, the nanoscale carbon-based photocatalysts are also useful for the photogeneration of H-2 from water under similar conditions. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cao, Li; Sahu, Sushant; Anilkumar, Parambath; Xu, Juan; Wang, Ping; Tackett, Kenneth N., II; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Cao, Li; Sahu, Sushant; Anilkumar, Parambath; Xu, Juan; Wang, Ping; Tackett, Kenneth N., II; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NSF; ACS-PRF; Susan G. Komen; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Abroad Scholarship of Jiangsu Province FX This work was made possible by support from the Air Force Research Laboratory through the Nanoenergetics Program. Funding from NSF (Y.-P.S.) and ACS-PRF (Y.-P.S.) for partial support of this work is also acknowledged. L.C. was supported by a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellowship. J.X. was on leave from Changzhou University in Changzhou, China, with a visiting scholarship provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Abroad Scholarship of Jiangsu Province. P.W. was a participant in the Palmetto Academy, an education-training program managed by the South Carolina Space Grant Consortium. NR 20 TC 234 Z9 244 U1 42 U2 324 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 13 BP 4754 EP 4757 DI 10.1021/ja200804h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 749TJ UT WOS:000289492700025 PM 21401091 ER PT J AU Hong, G Ivnitski, DM Johnson, GR Atanassov, P Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Ivnitski, Dmitri M. Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen Pachter, Ruth TI Design Parameters for Tuning the Type 1 Cu Multicopper Oxidase Redox Potential: Insight from a Combination of First Principles and Empirical Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; BLUE COPPER OXIDASE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BILIRUBIN OXIDASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SMALL LACCASE; BIOELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR; DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY; REORGANIZATION ENERGY AB The redox potentials and reorganization energies of the type 1 (T1) Cu site in four multicopper oxidases were calculated by combining first principles density functional theory (QM) and QM/MM molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The model enzymes selected included the laccase from Trametes versicolor, the laccase-like enzyme isolated from Bacillus subtilis, Cue() required for copper homeostasis in Escherichia coli, and the small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor. The results demonstrated good agreement with experimental data and provided insight into the parameters that influence the T1 redox potential. Effects of the immediate T1 Cu site environment, including the His(N-delta)-Cys(S)-His(N-delta) and the axial coordinating amino acid, as well as the proximate H(N)(backbone) -S-Cys hydrogen bond, were discerned. Furthermore, effects of the protein backbone and side-chains, as well as of the aqueous solvent, were studied by QM/MM molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, providing an understanding of influences beyond the T1 Cu coordination sphere. Suggestions were made regarding an increase of the T1 redox potential in SLAC, i.e., of Met198 and Thr232 in addition to the axial amino acid Met298. Finally, the results of this work presented a framework for understanding parameters that influence the Type 1 Cu MCO redox potential, useful for an ever-growing range of laccase-based applications. C1 [Hong, Gongyi; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hong, Gongyi] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ivnitski, Dmitri M.; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and helpful assistance from the AFRL DSRC for High Performance Computing. A. Warshel and his group are acknowledged for a version of the MOLAR'S software package and helpful discussion. The referees are gratefully acknowledged for excellent comments. NR 72 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 13 BP 4802 EP 4809 DI 10.1021/ja105586q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 749TJ UT WOS:000289492700036 PM 21388209 ER PT J AU Stermole, BM Grandits, GA Roediger, MP Clark, BM Ganesan, A Weintrob, AC Crum-Cianflone, NF Ferguson, TM Macalino, GE Landrum, ML AF Stermole, Benjamin M. Grandits, Greg A. Roediger, Mollie P. Clark, Brychan M. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy C. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Ferguson, Tomas M. Macalino, Grace E. Landrum, Michael L. TI Long-term safety and serologic response to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in HIV-1 infected adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Measles; Mumps; MMR Vaccine; Human immunodeficiency virus; Vaccines; Vaccination ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; REDUCTION NEUTRALIZATION ASSAY; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; VARICELLA VACCINE; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODY AB We analyzed HIV viral load (VL) and CD4 count changes, and antibody responses following MMR vaccination of individuals in the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study cohort. Cases receiving at least one dose of MMR vaccine after HIV diagnosis were matched 1:2 to HIV-positive controls not receiving the vaccine. Baseline was defined as time of vaccination for cases and indexed and matched to the time post-HIV diagnosis for controls. Changes in CD4 count and VL at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were compared between cases and controls using a general linear model. Available sera from cases were tested for MMR seropositivity at baseline and post-vaccination at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Overall mean CD4 count change from baseline through 24 months was 20 (+/- 23) cells/mu L greater for cases than controls (p = 0.39). Similar non-significant changes in CD4 cell count were seen in the subset of those not on HAART at baseline. VL changes were small and similar between groups (mean differential change -0.04 (+/- 0.18) log(10) copies/mL; p = 0.84). Of 21 vaccinated participants with baseline serologic testing, 14(67%) were reactive to measles, 19 (91%) to mumps, and 20 (95%) to rubella. Three (43%) of 7 participants nonreactive to measles developed measles IgG; for mumps, 1(50%) of 2 developed mumps IgG; for rubella, 1(100%) developed rubella IgG. MMR vaccination did not result in detrimental immunologic or virologic changes through 24 months post-vaccination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stermole, Benjamin M.; Landrum, Michael L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Grandits, Greg A.; Roediger, Mollie P.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Grandits, Greg A.; Roediger, Mollie P.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Macalino, Grace E.; Landrum, Michael L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Clark, Brychan M.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ferguson, Tomas M.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM mlandrum@idcrp.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011, Y1-AI-5072, Y01 AI005072]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 16 BP 2874 EP 2880 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 757CU UT WOS:000290062700010 PM 21352938 ER PT J AU Steyskal, H AF Steyskal, Hans TI Reply to "Comments on 'On the Power Absorbed and Scattered by an Antenna'" SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. EM hans.steyskal.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 174 EP 175 DI 10.1109/MAP.2011.5949356 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 893LS UT WOS:000300358000018 ER PT J AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. TI Earth Satellite Perturbation Theories as Approximate KAM Tori SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Several standard Earth satellite general perturbation models can be converted into KAM tori, and are compared to KAM tori constructed from full geopotential integrations. Converting perturbation theories into tori allows absolute identification of spectral lines with the classical orbital elements. Comparisons are made of each torus representation against numerical integrations, and the torus spectra are also compared. The torus canonical coordinates Q(i), are identified as the analogues of the "mean" mean anomaly (M) over bar, the longitude of the mean node (Omega) over bar - theta(g), and the mean argument of perigee (omega) over bar. The associated torus canonical momenta P(i) are approximately the usual Delaunay momenta. A norm on multiply-periodic functions allows the actual "distance" between perturbation theory tori and actual geopotential tori to be measured, and the frequency errors can be estimated. KAM tori and numerical integration can agree to meter level accuracy over time intervals of a decade. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 881CE UT WOS:000299457300001 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, D Boleng, J Hughes, C Murphy, L AF Schweitzer, Dino Boleng, Jeff Hughes, Colin Murphy, Louis TI Visualizing keyboard pattern passwords SO INFORMATION VISUALIZATION LA English DT Article DE password patterns; security visualization; password cracking; dictionary attacks; password vulnerability AB Passwords are fundamental security vulnerabilities in many systems. Several researchers have investigated the trade-off between password memorability versus resiliency to cracking and have looked at alternative systems such as graphical passwords and biometrics. To create stronger passwords, many systems enforce rules regarding the required length and types of characters passwords must contain. Another suggested approach is to use passphrases to combat dictionary attacks. One common 'trick' used to remember passwords that conform to complex rules is to select a pattern of keys on the keyboard. Although appearing random, the pattern is easy to remember. The purpose of this research was to investigate how often patterns are used, whether patterns could be classified into common categories, and whether those categories could be used to attack and defeat pattern-based passwords. Visualization techniques were used to collect data and assist in pattern categorization. The approach successfully identified 2 out of 11 passwords in a real-world password file that were not discovered with a traditional dictionary attack. This article will present the approach used to collect and categorize patterns, and describe the resulting attack method that successfully identified passwords in a live system. Information Visualization (2011) 10, 127-133. doi:10.1057/ivs.2010.12; published online 18 November 2010 C1 [Schweitzer, Dino; Boleng, Jeff; Hughes, Colin; Murphy, Louis] USAF Acad, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schweitzer, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAFA, 2354 Farichild Dr,6G-101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Boleng, Jeff/F-6110-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1473-8716 J9 INFORM VISUAL JI Inf. Vis. PD APR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1057/ivs.2010.12 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 824VE UT WOS:000295229500004 ER PT J AU Aranda, MC Middleton, LS Flake, E Davis, BE AF Aranda, Mary Catherine Middleton, Laura S. Flake, Eric Davis, Beth Ellen TI Psychosocial Screening in Children With Wartime-Deployed Parents SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC SYMPTOM CHECKLIST; MILITARY-INDUCED SEPARATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DESERT-STORM; PRIMARY-CARE; FAMILIES; BEHAVIOR; AGREEMENT; HEALTH; RISK AB Children of U.S. military families are exposed to unique challenges and stressors directly related to their parents' wartime deployments, potentially placing them at higher risk for psychosocial disruption. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parental wartime military deployment on psychosocial symptoms as measured by parent and youth self-report on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist. During annual physicals at a large military pediatric clinic, parents (216) and youth (198) were surveyed about emotional and behavioral difficulties and the current status of parental deployment. Parents reported more child psychosocial symptoms, and youth self reported more psychosocial symptoms if there was a currently deployed parent. Youth self-reports may be another way to identify psychosocial symptoms in at-risk military youth. These findings accentuate the importance of training providers who care for military youth to recognize and respond to their unique needs during parental deployment. C1 [Aranda, Mary Catherine] 2D Med Grp SGOK, Barksdale AFB, LA 71110 USA. [Flake, Eric] Dept Keesler Pediat, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Davis, Beth Ellen] Madigan Army Med Ctr, ATTN MCHJ PPS, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Aranda, MC (reprint author), 2D Med Grp SGOK, 243 Curtiss Rd,STE 100, Barksdale AFB, LA 71110 USA. FU Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC) Pediatric Department FX We thank the entire Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC) Pediatric Department and the Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics fellows for their support and participation in this project. We also gratefully thank the military families for their service to our country. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 4 BP 402 EP 407 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BO UT WOS:000295246100010 PM 21539162 ER PT J AU Tilley, MA Cotant, CL AF Tilley, Molly A. Cotant, Casey L. TI Acute Water Intoxication During Military Urine Drug Screening SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION; BRAIN EDEMA; HYPONATREMIA; PARURESIS; RETENTION; POLYDIPSIA; TRAINEE; DEATH AB Random mandatory urine drug screening is a routine practice in the military. The pressure to produce a urine specimen creates a temptation to consume large volumes of water, putting those individuals at risk of acute water intoxication. This occurs when the amount of water consumed exceeds the kidney's ability to excrete it, resulting in hyponatremia owing to excess amount of water compared to serum solutes. The acute drop in serum osmolality leads to cerebral edema, causing headaches, confusion, seizures, and death. There has been increasing awareness of the danger of overhydration among performance athletes, but dangers in other groups can be underappreciated. We present the case of a 37-year-old male Air Force officer who developed acute water intoxication during urine drug screening. Our case demonstrates the need for a clear Air Force policy for mandatory drug testing to minimize the risk of developing this potentially fatal condition. C1 [Tilley, Molly A.; Cotant, Casey L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tilley, MA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 4 BP 451 EP 453 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BO UT WOS:000295246100017 PM 21539169 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Hall, AB Michel, M AF Thomas, David B. Hall, Andrew B. Michel, Michael TI Non-Cirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Young Active Duty Male SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CANCER; LIVER AB A 22-year-old Airman was presented to the clinic with new onset abdominal pain, which revealed to be well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a young patient with no cirrhosis or fibrosis is a relatively rare diagnosis with possible relationship to exercise supplement use. With the high incidence of supplement use in the military population, caution and further investigation into supplement use with correlation to the incidence of liver cancers may be warranted. C1 [Thomas, David B.; Hall, Andrew B.] Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Michel, Michael] Eglin AFB Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 4 BP 475 EP 476 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BO UT WOS:000295246100022 PM 21539174 ER PT J AU Rummelt, NI Wilson, JN AF Rummelt, Nicholas I. Wilson, Joseph N. TI Array set addressing: enabling technology for the efficient processing of hexagonally sampled imagery SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article AB It has long been known that there are numerous advantages to sampling images hexagonally rather than rectangularly. However, due to various shortcomings of the addressing schemes, hexagonal sampling for digital images has not been embraced by the mainstream digital imaging community. The idea of using hexagonal sampling for digital imaging applications has been around since the early 1960s, yet no efficient addressing method for hexagonal grids has been developed in that time. This paper introduces a new hexagonal addressing approach, called array set addressing (ASA), that solves the problems exhibited by other addressing methods. The ASA approach uses three coordinates to represent the hexagonal grid as a pair of rectangular arrays. This representation supports efficient linear algebra and image processing manipulation. ASA-based implementations of several basic image processing operations are presented and shown to be efficient. A hexagonal fast Fourier transform, based on the fact that the Fourier kernel becomes separable when using ASA coordinates, is also presented. (C) 2011 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3589306] C1 [Rummelt, Nicholas I.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Wilson, Joseph N.] Univ Florida, Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rummelt, NI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM nicholas.rummelt@eglin.af.mil NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 AR 023012 DI 10.1117/1.3589306 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 788SM UT WOS:000292464700012 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Mauger, L Munoz, JA Xiao, YM Sheets, AO Semiatin, SL Horwath, J Turgut, Z AF Lucas, M. S. Mauger, L. Munoz, J. A. Xiao, Yuming Sheets, A. O. Semiatin, S. L. Horwath, J. Turgut, Z. TI Magnetic and vibrational properties of high-entropy alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; MICROSTRUCTURE; ELEMENTS; SYSTEM AB The magnetic properties of high-entropy alloys based on equimolar FeCoCrNi were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometry to determine their usefulness in high-temperature magnetic applications. Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements were performed to evaluate the vibrational entropy of the (57)Fe atoms and to infer chemical order. The configurational and vibrational entropy of alloying are discussed as they apply to these high-entropy alloys. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3538936] C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Sheets, A. O.; Semiatin, S. L.; Horwath, J.; Turgut, Z.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Mauger, L.; Munoz, J. A.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.steven.lucas@gmail.com RI Munoz, Jorge/C-8427-2011; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU CIW; CDAC; UNLV; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF FX Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 59 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07E307 DI 10.1063/1.3538936 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755QV UT WOS:000289952100358 ER PT J AU Flemmons, MS Hsiao, YC Dzau, J Asrani, S Jones, S Freedman, SF AF Flemmons, Meghan S. Hsiao, Ya-Chuan Dzau, Jacqueline Asrani, Sanjay Jones, Sarah Freedman, Sharon F. TI Icare rebound tonometry in children with known and suspected glaucoma SO JOURNAL OF AAPOS LA English DT Article ID GOLDMANN APPLANATION TONOMETER; ACCURACY; EYES AB BACKGROUND Accurate intraocular pressure (TOP) measurement, important in managing pediatric glaucoma, often presents challenges. The Icare rebound tonometer shows promise for screening healthy children and has been reported comparable with Goldmarm applanation in adults with glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Icare tonometer against Goldmann applanation for clinic IOP measurement in pediatric glaucoma. METHODS This was a prospective study comparing Icare versus Goldmann tonometry in pediatric glaucoma. Children with known or suspected glaucoma were recruited from scheduled clinic visits. IOP was measured with the Icare tonometer by a clinician and subsequently measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) by a different single masked clinician. RESULTS A total of 71 eyes of 71 children with known or suspected glaucoma were included. MP by GAT ranged from 9 to 36 mm Hg. Icare readings ranged from 11 to 44 mm Hg. Mean difference between Icare and GAT was 2.3 +/- SD 3.7 mm Hg, p < 0.0001. Icare IOPs were within +/- 3 mm Hg of GAT in 63%. Icare IOPs were >= GAT IOPs in 75%. The following factors were not associated with Icare IOPs greater than GAT: child's age, glaucoma diagnosis, strabismus, nystagmus, central corneal thickness, Icare instrument reported reliability, number of glaucoma surgeries or medications, corneal abnormalities, and visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS TOP by Icare tonometry was within 3 mm Hg of IOP by GAT in 63% and greater than GAT in 75%. This device may be reasonable to estimate IOP in selected children with known or suspected glaucoma whose TOP cannot otherwise be obtained in clinic; however, correlation of Icare IOPs with clinical findings must continue to be considered in each case.(J AAPOS 2011;15:153-157) C1 [Freedman, Sharon F.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Eye Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Flemmons, Meghan S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hsiao, Ya-Chuan] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Hsiao, Ya-Chuan] Taipei City Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Freedman, SF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Eye Ctr, Box 3802, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM sharon.freedman@duke.edu OI Freedman, Sharon/0000-0003-3615-3511 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-8531 J9 J AAPOS JI J. AAPOS PD APR PY 2011 VL 15 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.11.022 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA 770JP UT WOS:000291083100012 PM 21419676 ER PT J AU Wilmink, GJ Ibey, BL Tongue, T Schulkin, B Laman, N Peralta, XG Roth, CC Cerna, CZ Rivest, BD Grundt, JE Roach, WP AF Wilmink, Gerald J. Ibey, Bennett L. Tongue, Thomas Schulkin, Brian Laman, Norman Peralta, Xomalin G. Roth, Caleb C. Cerna, Cesario Z. Rivest, Benjamin D. Grundt, Jessica E. Roach, William P. TI Development of a compact terahertz time-domain spectrometer for the measurement of the optical properties of biological tissues SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE terahertz; THz; skin; terahertz time-domain spectroscopy; optical properties; compact ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; THZ REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; EX-VIVO; SECURITY APPLICATIONS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PULSED SPECTROSCOPY; HYDRATION DYNAMICS; PROTEIN SURFACE; AQUEOUS ALCOHOL; ANIMAL-TISSUES AB Terahertz spectrometers and imaging systems are currently being evaluated as biomedical tools for skin burn assessment. These systems show promise, but due to their size and weight, they have restricted portability, and are impractical for military and battlefield settings where space is limited. In this study, we developed and tested the performance of a compact, light, and portable THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) device. Optical properties were collected with this system from 0.1 to 1.6 THz for water, ethanol, and several ex vivo porcine tissues (muscle, adipose, skin). For all samples tested, we found that the index of refraction (n) decreases with frequency, while the absorption coefficient (mu(a)) increases with frequency. Muscle, adipose, and frozen/thawed skin samples exhibited comparable n values ranging between 2.5 and 2.0, whereas the n values for freshly harvested skin were roughly 40% lower. Additionally, we found that the freshly harvested samples exhibited higher mu(a) values than the frozen/thawed skin samples. Overall, for all liquids and tissues tested, we found that our system measured optical property values that were consistent with those reported in the literature. These results suggest that our compact THz spectrometer performed comparable to its larger counterparts, and therefore may be a useful and practical tool for skin health assessment. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3570648] C1 [Wilmink, Gerald J.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Grundt, Jessica E.; Roach, William P.] USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Wilmink, Gerald J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associateship, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Tongue, Thomas; Schulkin, Brian; Laman, Norman] Zomega Terahertz Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Peralta, Xomalin G.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Roth, Caleb C.; Cerna, Cesario Z.] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Wilmink, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM gerald.wilmink@brooks.af.mil RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 FU HQAF SGRS; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF) [0934218] FX We wish to thank the National Academy of Sciences NRC Research Associateship program and the Air Force Research Laboratory for providing us with the opportunity to conduct this study. This work was supported by grants provided by HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation program: "Pulse Safety" and "Determination of Cellular Bio-effect Thresholds for Terahertz Frequencies." In addition, funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Partnership for Education and Research in Materials (PREM) provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Materials Research Award (#0934218). NR 68 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD APR PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 AR 047006 DI 10.1117/1.3570648 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 769PX UT WOS:000291031400034 PM 21529096 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Luhmann, JG Hoeksema, JT Sun, X Arge, CN de Pater, I AF Lee, C. O. Luhmann, J. G. Hoeksema, J. T. Sun, X. Arge, C. N. de Pater, I. TI Coronal Field Opens at Lower Height During the Solar Cycles 22 and 23 Minimum Periods: IMF Comparison Suggests the Source Surface Should Be Lowered SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona, models; Coronal holes; Magnetic field, interplanetary; Magnetic field, observations; Solar cycle, observations ID NONSPHERICAL SOURCE-SURFACE; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DECLINING PHASE; STEREO MISSION; MODEL; WIND; SUN; INSTRUMENTATION; INTERPLANETARY AB The solar cycle 23 minimum period has been characterized by a weaker solar and interplanetary magnetic field. This provides an ideal time to study how the strength of the photospheric field affects the interplanetary magnetic flux and, in particular, how much the observed interplanetary fields of different cycle minima can be understood simply from differences in the areas of the coronal holes, as opposed to differences in the surface fields within them. In this study, we invoke smaller source surface radii in the potential-field source-surface (PFSS) model to construct a consistent picture of the observed coronal holes and the near-Earth interplanetary field strength as well as polarity measurements for the cycles 23 and 22 minimum periods. Although the source surface value of 2.5 R-circle dot is typically used in PFSS applications, earlier studies have shown that using smaller source surface heights generates results that better match observations during low solar activity periods. We use photospheric field synoptic maps from Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) and find that the values of approximate to 1.9 R-circle dot and approximate to 1.8 R-circle dot for the cycles 22 and 23 minimum periods, respectively, produce the best results. The larger coronal holes obtained for the smaller source surface radius of cycle 23 somewhat offsets the interplanetary consequences of the lower magnetic field at their photospheric footpoints. For comparison, we also use observations from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) and find that the source surface radius of approximate to 1.5 R-circle dot produces better results for cycle 23, rather than approximate to 1.8 R-circle dot as suggested from MWO observations. Despite this difference, our results obtained from MWO and MDI observations show a qualitative consistency regarding the origins of the interplanetary field and suggest that users of PFSS models may want to consider using these smaller values for their source surface heights as long as the solar activity is low. C1 [Lee, C. O.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, C. O.; de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoeksema, J. T.; Sun, X.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clee@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Sun, Xudong/M-3245-2013; OI Sun, Xudong/0000-0003-4043-616X; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950]; NASA; USAF FX The authors thank the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) and the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) for providing the OMNI data and OMNIWeb access, the Mount Wilson Observatory for providing access to their magnetogram data sets, and the agencies sponsoring these archives (NASA, NSF, USAF). The authors would like to acknowledge that SOHO is a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA. In addition, the authors wish to express thanks to Luca Bertello, Yang Liu, and Jack W. Harvey for their informal discussions with us regarding observations from different solar observatories, and for their encouragement to write this paper using data from MWO.; This research was supported by the CISM project, which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under agreement number ATM-0120950. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 269 IS 2 BP 367 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9699-9 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DE UT WOS:000290451700009 ER PT J AU Taylor, CN Veth, MJ Raquet, JF Miller, MM AF Taylor, Clark N. Veth, Michael J. Raquet, John F. Miller, Mikel M. TI Comparison of Two Image and Inertial Sensor Fusion Techniques for Navigation in Unmapped Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; CONSTRAINTS; SEARCH; CAMERA; SLAM AB To enable navigation of miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs) with a low-quality inertial measurement unit (IMU), external sensors are typically fused with the information generated by the low-quality IMU. Most commercial systems for MAVs currently fuse GPS measurements with IMU information to navigate the MAV. However there are many scenarios in which an MAV might prove useful, but GPS is not available (e. g., indoors, urban terrain, etc.). Therefore several approaches have recently been introduced that couple information from an IMU with visual information (usually captured by an electro-optical camera). In general the methods for fusing visual information with an IMU utilizes one of two techniques: 1) applying rigid body constraints on where landmarks should appear in a set of two images (constraint-based fusion) or 2) simultaneously estimating the location of features that are observed by the camera (mapping) and the location of the camera (simultaneous localization and mapping-SLAM-based fusion). While each technique has some nuances associated with its implementation in a true MAV environment (i.e., computational requirements, real-time implementation, feature tracking, etc.), this paper focuses solely on answering the question "Which fusion technique (constraint- or SLAM-based) enables more accurate long-term MAV navigation?" To answer this question, specific implementations of a constraint- and SLAM-based fusion technique, with novel modifications for improved results on MAVs, are described. A basic simulation environment is used to perform a comparison of the constraint- and SLAM-based fusion methods. We demonstrate the superiority of SLAM-based techniques in specific MAV flight scenarios and discuss the relative weaknesses and strengths of each fusion approach. C1 [Taylor, Clark N.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Veth, Michael J.; Raquet, John F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Mikel M.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Taylor, CN (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM clark.n.taylor@gmail.com FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0167]; ASEE/Air Force Summer Faculty FX This work is funded by an AFOSR Young Investigator Award FA9550-07-1-0167 and an ASEE/Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 946 EP 958 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754GW UT WOS:000289844100013 ER PT J AU Pasala, KM Malas, JA AF Pasala, Krishna M. Malas, John A. TI HRR Radar Signature Database Validation for ATR: An Information Theoretic Approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION AB The ability to make radar signature databases portable for use within similar sensor systems is critical to the affordability of future airborne signature exploitation systems. The capability to hybridize measured and synthetic signature database components will maximize the impact of the investment required to build complex radar signature databases. Radar target scattering mechanisms can be modeled and the signature signal model analyzed as a random process to enable portability and hybridization. Modal mutual information is developed as a measure of similarity for future use in the comparison of measured field data to modeled synthetic data. The inherent qualities of mutual information to be used in the context of the automatic target recognition problem are demonstrated using synthetic signature sets comprised of both "similar targets" and "dissimilar targets." C1 [Pasala, Krishna M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Malas, John A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.malas@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 1045 EP 1059 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754GW UT WOS:000289844100018 ER PT J AU Green, LB Reese, DA Gidvani-Diaz, V Hivnor, C AF Green, Layne B. Reese, Drew A. Gidvani-Diaz, Vinod Hivnor, Chad TI Scalp Metastasis of Paraspinal Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; HAND AB We describe a 10-year-old girl with paraspinal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) who presented with an asymptomatic soft tissue mass on the left aspect of the parietal scalp of 2 weeks' duration. Biopsy demonstrated metastasis of her RMS. A full-body positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed multiple areas of increased uptake consistent with extensive metastases. We also discuss the literature on RMS classification and metastasis to the skin. Cutis. 2011;87:186-188. C1 [Green, Layne B.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Reese, Drew A.; Gidvani-Diaz, Vinod; Hivnor, Chad] Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Green, LB (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM layne.green@brooks.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2011 VL 87 IS 4 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 754TM UT WOS:000289880200009 PM 21644492 ER PT J AU Wang, P Bohacek, S AF Wang, Peng Bohacek, Stephan TI Practical Computation of Optimal Schedules in Multihop Wireless Networks SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE Mesh networks; optimal scheduling ID INDEPENDENT SETS; CONGESTION CONTROL; FAST ALGORITHM; CLIQUE PROBLEM; GRAPHS; STABILITY; FAIRNESS; TIME AB Interference and collisions greatly limit the throughput of mesh networks that use contention-based MAC protocols such as IEEE 802.11. Significantly higher throughput is achievable if transmissions are scheduled. However, traditional methods to compute optimal schedules are computationally intractable (unless co-channel interference is neglected). This paper presents a practical technique to compute optimal schedules. The resulting algorithm searches for a low-dimensional optimization problem that has the same solution as the full problem. Such a low-dimensional problem is shown to always exist. The resulting algorithm converges arithmetically fast or geometrically fast, depending on whether the objective is to maximize the proportional fair throughput or to maximize the minimum throughput, where the minimum is over all flows in the network. At each iteration of the algorithm, a graph-theoretic optimization known as the maximum weighted independent set (MWIS) problem must be solved. While the general MWIS problem is NP-hard in the worst case, we find that the MWIS can be solved efficiently. Specifically, computational experiments on over 17 000 topologies indicate that the ratio of the time to solve the MWIS and the mean degree of the conflict graph grows polynomially with the number of nodes. C1 [Wang, Peng; Bohacek, Stephan] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM wpyr2001@yahoo.com; bohacek@udel.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6692 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD APR PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1109/TNET.2011.2111462 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754HM UT WOS:000289845700001 ER PT J AU Gao, K Batalama, SN Pados, DA Matyjas, JD AF Gao, Kanke Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Matyjas, John D. TI Cognitive Code-Division Channelization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Code-channel allocation; code-division multiple-access; cognitive radio; power allocation; semidefinite programming; signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio ID DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS; KARYSTINOS-PADOS BOUNDS; BINARY SIGNATURE SETS; RADIO NETWORKS; ALLOCATION AB We consider the problem of simultaneous power and code-channel allocation for a secondary transmitter/receiver pair coexisting with a primary code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. Our objective is to find the optimum transmitting power and code sequence of the secondary channel that maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the maximum SINR linear receiver, while at the same time the SINR of all primary channels at the output of their max-SINR receiver is maintained above a certain threshold. This is a non-convex NP-hard optimization problem. We propose a novel feasible suboptimum solution using semidefinite programming. Simulation studies illustrate the theoretical developments. C1 [Gao, Kanke; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, RIGF, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Gao, K (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kgao@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-08-1-0063] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-08-1-0063. Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited: 88ABW-2009-3921 dated 04 September 2009. Material in this paper was presented at the 43rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, November 2009. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1090 EP 1097 DI 10.1109/TWC.2011.011811.091542 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 754FV UT WOS:000289841200013 ER PT J AU Arritt, BJ Smith, DR Khraishi, T AF Arritt, B. J. Smith, D. R. Khraishi, T. TI Equivalent circuit analysis of metamaterial strain-dependent effective medium parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOAK AB In this paper, we analytically describe the strain-dependent effective medium properties for a metamaterial electric-LC (ELC) resonator, commonly used in metamaterial designs to provide a tailored electric response to electromagnetic waves. Combining an equivalent circuit model of the ELC resonator with existing analytic expressions for the capacitive and inductive regions comprising the structure, we obtain strain-dependent permittivity and permeability curves for the metamaterial. The derived expressions account for the effects of spatial dispersion and losses. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3569742] C1 [Arritt, B. J.] USAF, Res Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Arritt, B. J.; Khraishi, T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Smith, D. R.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Smith, D. R.] Duke Univ, Ctr Metamat & Integrated Plasmon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil RI Smith, David/E-4710-2012 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX B.J.A. would like to acknowledge support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 073512 DI 10.1063/1.3569742 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000039 ER PT J AU Brant, AT Yang, S Giles, NC Iqbal, MZ Manivannan, A Halliburton, LE AF Brant, A. T. Yang, Shan Giles, N. C. Iqbal, M. Zafar Manivannan, A. Halliburton, L. E. TI Oxygen vacancies adjacent to Cu2+ ions in TiO2 (rutile) crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DILUTED COPPER SALTS; NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE INTERACTIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELD-GRADIENT; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DOPED TIO2; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; HYPERFINE STRUCTURE; IMPURITIES; MOMENTS; SYSTEMS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are used to characterize Cu2+ ions substituting for Ti4+ ions in nominally undoped TiO2 crystals having the rutile structure. Illumination at 25 K with 442 nm laser light reduces the concentration of Cu2+ ions by more than a factor of 2. The laser light also reduces the EPR signals from Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions and introduces signals from Ti3+ ions. Warming in the dark to room temperature restores the crystal to its preilluminated state. Monitoring the recovery of the photoinduced changes in the Cu2+ ions and the other paramagnetic electron and hole traps as the temperature is raised from 25 K to room temperature provides evidence that the Cu2+ ions have an adjacent doubly ionized oxygen vacancy. These oxygen vacancies serve as charge compensators for the substitutional Cu2+ ions and lead to the formation of electrically neutral Cu2+-V-O complexes during growth of the crystals. The Cu2+-V-O complexes act as electron traps and convert to nonparamagnetic Cu+-V-O complexes when the crystals are illuminated at low temperature. Complete sets of spin-Hamiltonian parameters describing the electron Zeeman, hyperfine, and nuclear electric quadrupole interactions for both the Cu-63 and Cu-65 nuclei are obtained from the EPR and ENDOR data. This study suggests that other divalent cation impurities in TiO2 such as Co2+ and Ni2+ may also have an adjacent oxygen vacancy for charge compensation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3552910] C1 [Brant, A. T.; Yang, Shan; Manivannan, A.; Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Giles, N. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Iqbal, M. Zafar] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Phys, Islamabad 30, Pakistan. [Manivannan, A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu RI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/A-2227-2012; Yang, Shan /F-5020-2012; ZAFAR IQBAL, MUHAMMAD/G-5557-2012 OI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/0000-0003-0676-7918; FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0804352]; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan FX This work was supported at West Virginia University by Grant No. DMR-0804352 from the National Science Foundation. One of the authors (M.Z.I.) acknowledges financial support from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (under their POCR program) for his visit to West Virginia University. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 073711 DI 10.1063/1.3552910 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000059 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Lin, S Horwath, JC Hoff, BW Haworth, MD Heidger, SL AF Chen, C. H. Lin, S. Horwath, J. C. Hoff, B. W. Haworth, M. D. Heidger, S. L. TI Effect of surrounding air region size on finite element modeling for permanent magnetic solenoids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID FLUX SOURCES; DESIGN AB Magnetostatic finite element modeling of permanent magnetic devices can provide accurate results only if the underlying physics is well captured in the model. A single device surrounded by an air padding region is the focus of this research. In the ideal modeling case, this padding region would be infinite in extent. Since an infinite padding region is impossible to implement, the padding sizes in modeling a permanent magnetic solenoid that can ensure accurate results were analyzed in our study. The relationship between accuracy of the simulation result and the surrounding air padding percentage in terms of the device size is demonstrated in this paper, which shows that physically impossible results can occur for a permanent magnetic solenoid if an insufficient padding percentage is used. Design engineers typically use padding percentages from 40-400%, and our results show that the required padding percentage depends on the openness of the magnetic circuit. A permanent magnetic solenoid may have more or less openness of the magnetic circuit when the magnetic vector of the side magnets has a larger or smaller angle beta(1). For a more open magnetic circuit with beta(1) near 90 degrees, a higher padding percentage, up to 600%, is required. For a less open magnetic circuit with beta(1) <= 30 degrees, 200% padding is recommended for better accuracy. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3540410] C1 [Chen, C. H.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chen, C. H.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Lin, S.] ANSYS, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Horwath, J. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. [Hoff, B. W.; Haworth, M. D.; Heidger, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Christina.h.chen@gmail.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A757 DI 10.1063/1.3540410 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000275 ER PT J AU Knutson, SJ Shen, Y Horwath, JC Barnes, P Chen, CH AF Knutson, S. J. Shen, Y. Horwath, J. C. Barnes, P. Chen, C. H. TI The effect of flake thickness on anisotropic SmCo5 nanoflakes/submicron-flakes with high energy product SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS AB Establishing an effective process to synthesize anisotropic magnetic nanopowders that have both high energy products and high coercivity is highly desirable for many applications. A recent effort using surfactant-assisted high energy milling is proved to be capable of making SmCo5 nanoflakes/submicron-flakes with high performance. Using the cast alloy as a starting powder, a series of the flakes with various thicknesses were made, which had energy product values up to 22 MGOe and coercivity values up to 21 kOe. The highest coercivity corresponds to a typical flake thickness of 180 nm. The key to our technique is retaining the crystallinity, which allows a high degree of anisotropy to be produced. Results of the analyses from the micrograph of SEM, XRD patterns, and magnetic measurements demonstrate the effect of flake thickness on the magnetic properties. More importantly, a relationship of property-morphology correlation in nanoscale is established for rare earth magnetic powder/flakes. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3556922] C1 [Knutson, S. J.; Shen, Y.; Chen, C. H.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Horwath, J. C.; Barnes, P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, C. H.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Knutson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Christina.h.chen@gmail.com NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A762 DI 10.1063/1.3556922 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000280 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Turgut, Z Horwath, J Huang, M AF Shen, Y. Turgut, Z. Horwath, J. Huang, M. TI Bulk nanocomposite LaCo5/LaCo13 magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA ID EARTH-COBALT COMPOUNDS AB The effects of processing parameters and composition on the magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocrystalline La-Co based hard magnetic materials were investigated. Bulk nanocomposite LaCo5/LaCo13 magnets were fabricated by mechanical alloying of LaCo5 and La2Co7 powder mixtures and subsequent hot pressing at 580-810 degrees C. A high coercive field (H-c) of over 16 kOe with a smooth demagnetization curve was obtained in a composition range of 25-30 wt. % La2Co7 when hot-pressed at 660-760 degrees C. Microstructural investigations indicated that the magnets consist of a primary LaCo5 phase with grain sizes of 200-400 nm, coexisting with 20-100 nm grains of LaCo13 located both at the grain boundaries and within the hard LaCo5 grains. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562446] C1 [Shen, Y.] Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Turgut, Z.; Huang, M.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, AFRL, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Horwath, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Meiqing.Huang@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 AR 07A765 DI 10.1063/1.3562446 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 755PY UT WOS:000289949000283 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Dutta, D Yang, JY DeSimio, M Olson, S Swenson, E AF Sohn, H. Dutta, D. Yang, J. Y. DeSimio, M. Olson, S. Swenson, E. TI Automated detection of delamination and disbond from wavefield images obtained using a scanning laser vibrometer SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE-CRACK DETECTION; LAMB WAVES; ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS; PULSED-LASER; INSPECTION; SELECTION; MODE; NDT AB The paper presents signal and image processing algorithms to automatically detect delamination and disbond in composite plates from wavefield images obtained using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Lamb waves are excited by a lead zirconate titanate transducer (PZT) mounted on the surface of a composite plate, and the out-of-plane velocity field is measured using an LDV. From the scanned time signals, wavefield images are constructed and processed to study the interaction of Lamb waves with hidden delaminations and disbonds. In particular, the frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain filter and the Laplacian image filter are used to enhance the visibility of defects in the scanned images. Thereafter, a statistical cluster detection algorithm is used to identify the defect location and distinguish damaged specimens from undamaged ones. C1 [Dutta, D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sohn, H.; Yang, J. Y.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [DeSimio, M.; Olson, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Swenson, E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. RP Dutta, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM debaditya.dutta@gmail.com RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the Ministry of Education, Science Technology [2010-0017456, 2010-0020423]; US Air Force Summer Faculty; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0700411] FX This research is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (2010-0017456 and 2010-0020423). The first author would also like to acknowledge the support from the US Air Force Summer Faculty Program. The second author acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF award number 0700411). NR 32 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 AR 045017 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/20/4/045017 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 755YB UT WOS:000289975900018 ER PT J AU Grabinski, C Schaeublin, N Wijaya, A D'Couto, H Baxamusa, SH Hamad-Schifferli, K Hussain, SM AF Grabinski, Christin Schaeublin, Nicole Wijaya, Andy D'Couto, Helen Baxamusa, Salmaan H. Hamad-Schifferli, Kimberly Hussain, Saber M. TI Effect of Gold Nanorod Surface Chemistry on Cellular Response SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanorods; surface chemistry; cytotoxicity; gene expression; inflammation; cellular uptake ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; CANCER; SIZE; EXCHANGE; DAMAGE AB Gold nanorods (GNRs) stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and GNR functionalized via a ligand exchange method with either thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG(5000)) or mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) were investigated for their stability in biological media and subsequent toxicological effects to HaCaT cells. GNR-PEG and GNR-MHDA exhibited minimal effects on cell proliferation, whereas GNR-CTAB reduced cell proliferation significantly due to the inherent toxicity of the cationic surfactant to cells. Cell uptake studies indicated relatively IOW uptake for GNR-PEG and high uptake for GNR-MHDA. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that GNR-PEG induced less significant and unique changes in the transcription levels of 84 genes related to stress and toxicity compared to GNR-MHDA. The results demonstrate that, although cell proliferation was not affected by both particles, there is a significant difference In gene expression in GNR-MHDA exposed cells, suggesting long-term implications for chronic exposure. C1 [D'Couto, Helen; Baxamusa, Salmaan H.; Hamad-Schifferli, Kimberly] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Grabinski, Christin; Schaeublin, Nicole; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wijaya, Andy] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hamad-Schifferli, Kimberly] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hamad-Schifferli, K (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM schiffer@mit.edu; saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil RI Baxamusa, Salmaan/D-2167-2013 FU NSF [0906838]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX This work was partially funded by the NSF (DMR #0906838). C.G. received funding from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 48 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 10 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 2870 EP 2879 DI 10.1021/nn103476x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 753CJ UT WOS:000289742100053 PM 21405102 ER PT J AU Siegel, SG Jeans, T McLaughlin, TE AF Siegel, S. G. Jeans, T. McLaughlin, T. E. TI Deep ocean wave energy conversion using a cycloidal turbine SO APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wave energy conversion; Cycloidal turbine; Deep ocean wave AB A lift based wave energy converter, namely, a cycloidal turbine, is investigated. This type of wave energy converter consists of a shaft with one or more hydrofoils attached eccentrically at a radius. The main shaft is aligned parallel to the wave crests and submerged at a fixed depth. In the two-dimensional limit, i.e. for large spans of the hydrofoil (or an array of these), the geometry of the converter is suitable for wave termination of straight crested Airy waves. Results from two-dimensional potential flow simulations, with thin hydrofoils modeled as either a point vortex or discrete vortex panel, are presented. The operation of the cycloidal turbine both as a wave generator as well as a wave-to-shaft energy converter interacting with a linear Airy wave is demonstrated. The impact on the performance of the converter for design parameters such as device size, submergence depth, and number of hydrofoils is shown. For optimal parameter choices, simulation results demonstrate inviscid energy conversion efficiencies of more than 99% of the incoming wave energy to shaft energy. This is achieved using feedback control to synchronize the rotational rate, blade pitch angle, and phase of the cycloidal wave energy converter to the incoming wave. While complete termination of the incoming wave is shown, the remainder of the energy is lost to harmonic waves traveling in the up-wave and down-wave directions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Siegel, S. G.; Jeans, T.; McLaughlin, T. E.] USAF Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RP Siegel, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 2410 Fac Dr, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. EM stefan@siegels.us FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0801614] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the fruitful discussions with our colleagues at the Air Force Academy, most importantly Prof. Maixner, Drs. Seidel, Fagley and Jirasek, as well as computational support from the Air Force Academy Modeling and Simulation Center led by Dr. Bergeron. This material is based upon activities supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. ECCS-0801614. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1187 J9 APPL OCEAN RES JI Appl. Ocean Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.apor.2011.01.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 753CX UT WOS:000289743600004 ER PT J AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard TI Moral Blameworthiness and the Reactive Attitudes SO ETHICAL THEORY AND MORAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Metaethics; Moral blameworthiness; Reactive attitudes; Gibbard ID REASONS; BUCK; GOODNESS AB In this paper, I present and defend a novel version of the Reactive Attitude account of moral blameworthiness. In Section 1, I introduce the Reactive Attitude account and outline Allan Gibbard's version of it. In Section 2, I present the Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem, which has been at the heart of much recent discussion about the nature of value, and explain why a reformulation of it causes serious problems for versions of the Reactive Attitude account such as Gibbard's. In Section 3, I consider some ways in which Gibbard might attempt to avoid the Wrong Kind of Reason Problem. I argue that all of these ways fail to achieve their aim and further contend that the Wrong Kind of Reason Problem cannot be solved in a sufficiently convincing manner by the widely used method of making ad hoc distinctions among kinds of properties, kinds of attitudes, and kinds of reasons. In Section 4, I sketch my own version of the Reactive Attitude account of moral blameworthiness and show that it simply avoids the Wrong Kind of Reason Problem rather than attempting to solve the problem on a piecemeal basis. C1 US AF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Kahn, L (reprint author), US AF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM leonardkahn@gmail.com NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2820 J9 ETHICAL THEORY MORAL JI Ethical Theory Moral Pract. PD APR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s10677-010-9249-4 PG 12 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 749QG UT WOS:000289483100002 ER PT J AU Ali, SR Martens, JK Button, C Larma, NC AF Ali, Saba Rasheed Martens, Jessica Kelly Button, Christopher Larma, Nicholas C. TI Initial Scale Development of the Contextual Support for Post-Secondary Planning Scales SO JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE high school students; social cognitive career theory; test reliability/validity ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; CAREER-DEVELOPMENT; RELATIONAL INFLUENCES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; EXPECTATIONS; BARRIERS; CHOICE; EXPERIENCES; EFFICACY AB Vocational psychologists and career theorists have articulated the importance of social support in the development of career plans for high school youth. More recently, Lent, Brown, and Hackett carefully articulated the location of contextual supports in the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) framework. However, there is a paucity of research examining contextual supports in relation to career outcomes due to a lack of adequate measures. The current article describes the initial development of the Contextual Support for Post-Secondary Planning Scales. These six scales were designed to assess support for postsecondary career planning for high school students from six sources (i.e., mother, father, sibling, peers, school personnel, and community). A study was conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of measure (n = 316 high school students), and exploratory factor analyses revealed a one-factor solution of general support across the six scales. The implications for the use of these measures in research and practice are discussed. C1 [Ali, Saba Rasheed; Martens, Jessica Kelly] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Button, Christopher] USAF, McConnell AFB, Kansas City, KS USA. [Larma, Nicholas C.] Fed Bur Prisons, Washington, DC USA. RP Ali, SR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, 361 Lindquist Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM saba-ali@uiowa.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0894-8453 J9 J CAREER DEV JI J. Career Dev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 128 EP 146 DI 10.1177/0894845310372375 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 747GY UT WOS:000289309500002 ER PT J AU Trizila, P Kang, CK Aono, H Shyy, W Visbal, M AF Trizila, Pat Kang, Chang-Kwon Aono, Hikaru Shyy, Wei Visbal, Miguel TI Low-Reynolds-Number Aerodynamics of a Flapping Rigid Flat Plate SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP AIAA ID MICRO-AIR VEHICLES; INSECT FLIGHT; LIFT; OPTIMIZATION; WINGS; GENERATION; VORTICES; FORCE; FLOWS AB Two- and three-dimensional low-aspect-ratio (AR = 4) hovering airfoil/wing aerodynamics at a low Reynolds number (Re = 100) are numerically investigated. Regarding fluid physics, in addition to the well-known leading-edge vortex and wake-capture mechanisms, a persistent jet, induced by the shed vortices in the wake during previous strokes, and tip vortices can significantly influence the lift and power performance. While in classical stationary wing theory the tip vortices are seen as wasted energy, here, they can interact with the leading-edge vortex to contribute to the lift generated without increasing the power requirements. Using surrogate modeling techniques, the two- and three-dimensional time-averaged aerodynamic forces were predicted well over a large range of kinematic motions when compared with the Navier-Stokes solutions. The combined effects of tip vortices, leading-edge vortex, and jet can be manipulated by the choice of kinematics to make a three-dimensional wing aerodynamically better or worse than an infinitely long wing. The environmental sensitivity during hovering for select kinematics is also examined. Different freestream strengths and orientations are imposed, with the impact on vortex generation and wake interaction investigated. C1 [Trizila, Pat; Kang, Chang-Kwon; Aono, Hikaru; Shyy, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Visbal, Miguel] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shyy, W (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM weishyy@umich.edu OI Shyy, Wei/0000-0001-6670-5394 NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 806 EP 823 DI 10.2514/1.J050827 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745SI UT WOS:000289185800012 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Conceptual Design of Compliant Mechanisms for Flapping Wings with Topology Optimization SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference CY SEP 13-15, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA), ISSMO ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AERODYNAMICS; AIR AB This work discusses the integration of two previously disparate research areas: topology optimization of compliant mechanisms and flapping wing vehicles. The efficient actuation of the latter is considerably challenging, with competing weight, energy, and authority requirements; intuitive design strategies are not typically available for the aeroelastic physics that define the flapping system. We discuss the incorporation of these physics into a gradient-based topological optimization scheme, to design thrust-optimal compliant flapping mechanisms. This is done with a nonlinear dynamical finite element model incorporating both the mechanism and the wing structure, coupling elastic, inertial, aerodynamic, and actuator forces. Several optimal mechanism topologies are presented, along with a detailed discussion of the relevant flapping physics driving the design process. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 855 EP 867 DI 10.2514/1.J050940 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745SI UT WOS:000289185800015 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Huston, A Palmer, RD Albertson, R Kong, FX Wang, S AF Zhang, Yan Huston, Andrew Palmer, Robert D. Albertson, Roy Kong, Fanxing Wang, Shang TI Using Scaled Models for Wind Turbine EM Scattering Characterization: Techniques and Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic interference (EMI); Radar Cross Section (RCS); radar; scatterometer; wind turbine AB Characterizing the Radar Cross Section (RCS) wind turbine structures is the first step to mitigate the impact of wind farms on radar operations. An efficient technique based on scaled wind turbine models in both laboratory and computer environment is studied. The scaled 3-D computer model is used in different electromagnetic solvers to predict the RCS properties, given radar parameters. The scaled laboratory model is placed in a controlled laboratory environment, and accurate RCS measurements of the scaled models are used to emulate wind turbine radar signatures. Comparisons between approximate numeric model prediction and measurement results are presented, and a method for predicting full-size wind turbine scattering properties based on scaled models is discussed. C1 [Zhang, Yan; Kong, Fanxing] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Yan; Kong, Fanxing] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Huston, Andrew] Lockheed Martin Corp, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. [Albertson, Roy] USAF, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM rockee@ou.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Radar Operation Center (ROC) [NA17RJ1227] FX Manuscript received September 15, 2009; revised August 15, 2010; accepted September 1, 2010. Date of publication November 9, 2010; date of current version March 8, 2011. This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Radar Operation Center (ROC) under Grant NA17RJ1227. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr. Devendra Misra. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2011 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1306 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2085271 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 746AJ UT WOS:000289212900019 ER PT J AU Gilgenbach, RM Lau, YY French, DM Hoff, BW Franzi, M Luginsland, J AF Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Lau, Yue-Ying French, David M. Hoff, Brad W. Franzi, Matthew Luginsland, John TI Recirculating Planar Magnetrons for High-Power High-Frequency Radiation Generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Crossed-field-device; magnetron; relativistic magnetron ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; CATHODE AB We present designs and simulations of a new class of magnetron, the recirculating planar magnetron. This magnetron has numerous advantages as a high-power microwave generator, including larger cathode and anode area, fast start-up, and compact microwave extraction geometry. The following two geome-tries are demonstrated by electromagnetic particle-in-cell codes: 1) axial magnetic field with radial electric field and 2) radial magnetic field with axial electric field. C1 [Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Lau, Yue-Ying; French, David M.; Franzi, Matthew] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] USAF, High Power Microwave Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Luginsland, John] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gilgenbach, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; L-3 Communications Electron Devices; Northrop Grumman FX Manuscript received August 25, 2010; revised November 15, 2010; accepted November 30, 2010. Date of publication January 27, 2011; date of current version April 13, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, by the Air Force Research Laboratory, by L-3 Communications Electron Devices, and by Northrop Grumman. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 4 BP 980 EP 987 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2099670 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 749NS UT WOS:000289475700004 ER PT J AU Callcut, RA Johannigman, JA Kadon, KS Hanseman, DJ Robinson, BRH AF Callcut, Rachael A. Johannigman, Jay A. Kadon, Kurt S. Hanseman, Dennis J. Robinson, Bryce R. H. TI All Massive Transfusion Criteria Are Not Created Equal: Defining the Predictive Value of Individual Transfusion Triggers to Better Determine Who Benefits From Blood SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22-25, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma (AAST) DE Massive transfusion; Transfusion triggers; International normalized ratio ID LIFE-THREATENING COAGULOPATHY; CIVILIAN TRAUMA PATIENTS; FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA; COMBAT CASUALTIES; RESUSCITATION; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES; RATIOS; CELLS; HYPOTHERMIA AB Background: As familiarity with military massive transfusion (MT) triggers has increased, there is a growing interest in applying these in the civilian population to initiate MT protocols (MTP) earlier. We hypothesize that these triggers do not have equal predictability for MT and understanding the contribution of each would improve our ability to initiate the MTP earlier. Methods: All patients presenting to a Level I trauma center from October 2007 to September 2008 requiring immediate operation were included in this study. Emergency department records, operative logs, and blood transfusion data from arrival to procedure end were analyzed using multivariate regression techniques. Triggers included systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg, hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, temperature < 35.5 degrees C, International normalized ratio (INR) > 1.5, and base deficit >= 6. Results: One hundred seventy patients required immediate operation with an overall survival of 91%. Transfusion of packed red blood cells was noted in 45% (77 of 170) with the mean number of transfused units highest in those meeting SBP (12.9 Units) or INR (12.3 Units) triggers. The triggers do not contribute equal predictive value for the need for transfusion with INR being the most predictive (odds ratio, 16.7; 95% confidence interval, 2-137) for any transfusion and highly predictive for the need for MT (odds ratio, 11.3; 95% confidence interval, 3-47). In fact, if patients met either INR or SBP triggers alone, they were likely to receive MT (p = 0.018 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Triggers have differential predictive values for need for transfusion. Defining the individual utility of each criterion will help to identify those most likely to benefit from an early initiation of the MTP. C1 [Callcut, Rachael A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma & Crit Care, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Johannigman, Jay A.; Kadon, Kurt S.; Hanseman, Dennis J.; Robinson, Bryce R. H.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Hanseman, Dennis J.] USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Callcut, RA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Surg, Sect Trauma & Crit Care, 300 Pasteur Dr,H3680, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rcallcut@stanford.edu NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0022-5282 EI 1529-8809 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2011 VL 70 IS 4 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182127e40 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 750OV UT WOS:000289558700011 PM 21610387 ER PT J AU Yakovlev, VV Noojin, GD Denton, ML Rockwell, BA Thomas, RJ AF Yakovlev, Vladislav V. Noojin, Gary D. Denton, Michael L. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Thomas, Robert J. TI Monitoring stimulated Raman scattering with photoacoustic detection SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY; LASER AB A capability of high-frequency ultrasound detection to monitor the process of energy deposition into a molecular system via Raman excitation is experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that the generated ultrasound signal is directly proportional to the optical signal generated in stimulated Raman scattering. Ultrasound detection provides a simple way to discriminate against laser-induced breakdown and allows for the quantification of the stimulated Raman scattering process where direct optical detection is not available. Additionally, it can be used for stimulated Raman imaging in deep tissue, provided that the generated photoacoustic signal is sufficiently strong. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Denton, Michael L.] TASC Inc, Dept Biomed Sci & Technol, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1900 E Kenwood Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM yakovlev@uwm.edu RI Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R21EB011703, R15EY020805]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECS-0925950, DBI 0964225]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate [FA8650-08-D-6920] FX This work was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R21EB011703 and R15EY020805 (V. V. Yakovlev), National Science Foundation (NSF) grants ECS-0925950 and DBI 0964225 (V. V. Yakovlev), the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, contract FA8650-08-D-6920 (M. L. Denton and G. D. Noojin). V. V. Yakovlev also acknowledges the generous support of the Air Force Consortium Research Fellows Program. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1233 EP 1235 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746ML UT WOS:000289251000069 PM 21479040 ER PT J AU Shenjere, P Travis, WD Franks, TJ Doran, HM Hasleton, PS AF Shenjere, Patrick Travis, William D. Franks, Teri J. Doran, Helen M. Hasleton, Philip S. TI Primary Pulmonary Osteosarcoma: A Report of 4 Cases and a Review of the Literature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE primary pulmonary osteosarcoma ID OSTEOGENIC-SARCOMA; LUNG AB Primary pulmonary osteosarcoma is very rare. Most cases are secondary deposits from primaries arising in the appendicular skeleton. Four cases of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the lung are described and the literature reviewed for previously reported cases. These pulmonary tumors occur in patients who are in their fourth to seventh decades, that is, an older age group than their primary bone equivalent. There is a slight male predominance. There appears to be a propensity for the left lung, especially the left upper lobe. The clinical presentation is similar to primary (epithelial) lung cancer. Differentiation from pleomorphic carcinomas and other sarcomas is discussed. We know of no predisposing factor(s) in our cases for the development of this tumor. C1 [Shenjere, Patrick] Christie Hosp, Dept Histopathol, Manchester M20 4BX, Lancs, England. [Travis, William D.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Franks, Teri J.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Pulm & Mediastinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Doran, Helen M.] Wythenshawe Hosp, Dept Pathol, Manchester M23 9LT, Lancs, England. [Hasleton, Philip S.] Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Histopathol, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. RP Shenjere, P (reprint author), Christie Hosp, Dept Histopathol, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester M20 4BX, Lancs, England. EM patrick.shenjere@christie.nhs.uk OI Shenjere, Patrick/0000-0001-9627-6914 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1066-8969 J9 INT J SURG PATHOL JI Int. J. Surg. Pathol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1177/1066896909332382 PG 5 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 746RL UT WOS:000289264300021 PM 19282294 ER PT J AU Wyatt, R Goodwyn, E Ignatowski, M AF Wyatt, Rob Goodwyn, Erik Ignatowski, Michael TI A Jungian approach to dreams reported by soldiers in a modern combat zone SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combat dreams; dream analysis; Jungian analysis; military psychiatry; psychotherapy AB Treating combat deployed soldiers is becoming more prevalent and needed in psychiatry. Modern combat produces unique psychological challenges, including those without criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article will attempt to share the primary author's experience with psychotherapy in a combat zone, along with understanding the general themes of dreams the author encountered while being deployed. Toward that end, the primary author [RW] discusses his personal experiences in Iraq working with soldiers whom he saw and treated while in theatre, with a particular focus on the dreams they reported. The co-authors [EG and MI] afterward collaborated with the primary author to formulate and provide insight into the dreams from a Jungian perspective. C1 [Wyatt, Rob] Community Mental Hlth Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Wyatt, Rob; Goodwyn, Erik] USAF, Minot AFB, MN USA. [Ignatowski, Michael] Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Wyatt, R (reprint author), Community Mental Hlth Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM robby.wyatt@gmail.com; Erik.Goodwyn@minot.af.mil; michael.ignatowski2@va.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8774 J9 J ANAL PSYCHOL JI J. Anal. Psychol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 217 EP 231 PG 15 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 735ZZ UT WOS:000288460600005 PM 21434901 ER PT J AU Jundt, JS Odom, KW Wilson, JW AF Jundt, Jonathon S. Odom, Kyle W. Wilson, James W. TI Intraoral Split-Thickness Skin Grafts: A New Approach Using Vinyl Polysiloxane SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SANDWICH TECHNIQUE; CHEEK C1 [Jundt, Jonathon S.; Wilson, James W.] Univ Texas Dent Branch Houston, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Odom, Kyle W.] USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Wilson, James W.] Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Div Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Houston, TX USA. RP Jundt, JS (reprint author), Univ Texas Dent Branch Houston, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, 6516 MD Anderson Blvd,Suite 2-059, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jonathon.jundt@uth.tmc.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD APR PY 2011 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1257 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2010.04.013 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 744VR UT WOS:000289123800054 PM 20739114 ER PT J AU Dong, XH Gardner, P Reitz, TL Huang, KV Chen, FL AF Dong, Xihui Gardner, Paul Reitz, Thomas L. Huang, Kevin Chen, Fanglin TI Strontium- and Manganese-Doped Lanthanum Gallate as a Potential Anode Material for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LAGAO3; SOFCS; PERFORMANCE; SR; PEROVSKITES; CONDUCTION AB Sr- and Mn-doped LaGaO(3) (La(0.8)Sr(0.2)Ga(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(3-delta), LSGMn) has been synthesized using a glycine nitrate combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction examinations show that the synthesized LSGMn has a pure single cubic perovskite phase. Four-probe direct current conductivity characterization indicates that the conductivity of the sintered LSGMn in wet H(2) is lower than that in air, whereas the activation energy in wet H(2) is higher than that in air. Such an expected p-type conduction mechanism is the result of the valence change of Mn, which enables LSGMn to be a mixed ionic and electronic conductor. Using LSGMn as an anode and LSCF as a cathode, the peak power density at 800 degrees C of the LSGM electrolyte supported all-perovskite cells can reach 460 mW/cm2 using wet H(2) as fuel and ambient air as an oxidant. Further, LSGMn anode has showed reasonable sulfur tolerance in H(2)-containing 100 ppm H(2)S and the all-perovskite cell has demonstrated good performance stability in the short-term operation at a constant cell voltage of 0.7 V. C1 [Dong, Xihui; Huang, Kevin; Chen, Fanglin] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gardner, Paul; Reitz, Thomas L.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, FL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM chenfa@cec.sc.edu RI Chen, Fanglin/K-1039-2012 OI Chen, Fanglin/0000-0001-9942-8872 FU Heterogeneous Functional Materials for Energy Systems; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001061]; Air Force Research Laboratory [09-S590-0004-03-C2] FX This work was financially supported by the Heterogeneous Functional Materials for Energy Systems, an EFRC funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001061 and the Summer Faculty Fellow Program from the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract 09-S590-0004-03-C2. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1114 EP 1118 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04221.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 743EL UT WOS:000289000200028 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Concustell, A Zhang, Y Yavari, AR Greer, AL AF Miracle, D. B. Concustell, A. Zhang, Y. Yavari, A. R. Greer, A. L. TI Shear bands in metallic glasses: Size effects on thermal profiles SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Bending test; Metallic glasses; Plastic deformation; Shear bands; Thermal diffusion ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION KINETICS; TEMPERATURE RISE; FORMING ABILITY; THERMODYNAMICS; PLASTICITY; DUCTILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; MECHANISM AB The characteristic dimensions of the hot, liquid zone behind a moving shear-band front in a metallic glass are analyzed. In addition to the expected dependence on material constants, the thickness of the zone is proportional to the shear offset, while its width is proportional to the square of the offset. Considering the bending of a plate, the size and shape of the hot zone are found to be strongly dependent on plate thickness. For shear offsets << 1 mu m, typical of plate thickness << 100 mu m, local temperature rises are insignificant. For larger dimensions, local temperature rises give a liquid zone centered on the shear plane with width comparable to the sample dimensions. The scaling of characteristic lengths and times with plate thickness facilitates the interpretation of the transitions observed in mechanical behavior, and the variation in behavior from glass to glass. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Greer, A. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Miracle, D. B.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Zhang, Y.; Greer, A. L.] La Farga Grp, Barcelona 08508, Spain. [Yavari, A. R.] Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, SIMaP, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. RP Greer, AL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM alg13@cam.ac.uk RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; yavari, alain/E-8192-2010; Greer, Lindsay/E-9433-2017; OI Concustell, Amadeu/0000-0001-6705-3228 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research at the University of Cambridge; Spanish MICINN [EX-2007-0391] FX The authors thank F. Mear and S. Gorsse for help in collecting the data in Table 1. D.B.M. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding sabbatical leave at the University of Cambridge and to the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for a leave of absence during this research. A.C. thanks the Spanish MICINN for postdoctoral contract EX-2007-0391. NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2831 EP 2840 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.01.022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 744YM UT WOS:000289131100026 ER PT J AU Heller, ER Vetury, R Green, DS AF Heller, Eric R. Vetury, Rama Green, Daniel S. TI Development of a Versatile Physics-Based Finite-Element Model of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT Capable of Accommodating Process and Epitaxy Variations and Calibrated Using Multiple DC Parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Device model; field-effect transistor (FET); GaN; GaN/AlGaN; high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT); model calibration; model characterization; modulation-doped field effect transistor (MODFET) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON; SIMULATION AB We present a physics-based finite-element model of operation of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with device geometry inputs taken from transmission electron microscope cross sections and calibrated by comparison with measured electrical data comprising standard field-effect transistor metrics and less well-known model parameters. A variety of electrical outputs from the model are compared to experiment, and the level of agreement is reported. C1 [Heller, Eric R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vetury, Rama] Def & Power Business Unit RF Micro Devices, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. [Green, Daniel S.] RF Micro Devices Def & Power, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Heller, ER (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU [FA8650-05-C-5411] FX This work was supported by Contract FA8650-05-C-5411. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor A. Haque. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1095 DI 10.1109/TED.2011.2107913 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 738XP UT WOS:000288676200023 ER PT J AU Hancock, HM Stannard, A Burkhardt, GE Williams, K Dixon, P Cowart, J Spencer, J Rasmussen, TE AF Hancock, Heather M. Stannard, Adam Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Williams, Ken Dixon, Patti Cowart, Jerry Spencer, Jerry Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Hemorrhagic shock worsens neuromuscular recovery in a porcine model of hind limb vascular injury and ischemia-reperfusion SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TOURNIQUET USE; TRAUMA; OUTCOMES; SURGERY; RESUSCITATION; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Background: In order to advance beyond basic statistical limb salvage to improved functional or quality limb salvage, a better understanding of the ischemic threshold of the limb is required. To date, models of extremity ischemia and reperfusion involve small animals and few include survival with physiologic measures of nerve and muscle recovery. In addition, the effect of hemorrhagic shock on the ischemic threshold of the extremity is unknown. This study characterized the effect of class III hemorrhagic shock on the ischemic threshold of the extremity in a large-animal model of neuromuscular recovery. Methods:Yorkshire/Landrace-cross swine (weight, 70-90 kg) were randomized to iliac artery repair either immediately or at 1, 3, or 6 hours after vessel loop occlusion and arteriotomy. A fifth group underwent excision of the arterial segment without repair to represent ligation. Class III shock was created by removing 35% of total blood volume using a variable rate model. Animals were monitored for 14 days to serially collect markers of functional recovery. Results: Animals with <= 1 hour ischemia (control) had clinically normal limb function by the end of the 2-week observation period, with minimal muscle and nerve changes on histology. Separate analysis of contralateral, nonexperimental limbs revealed normal histology and function. After 3 hours of ischemia, functional recovery was impaired, with moderate-to-severe degeneration of nerve and muscle noted on histology. Animals undergoing 6 hours of ischemia or ligation had minimal electromyelography response and severe systemic inflammation, which correlated with severe muscle and nerve degeneration. Concurrent class III hemorrhagic shock was associated with a decrement in neuromuscular recovery across all groups but was greatest in groups undergoing >= 3 hours of extremity ischemia (P < .01). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of combined hemorrhagic shock and extremity ischemia-reperfusion in a large-animal survival model. The presence of hemorrhagic shock compounds the effect of extremity ischemia, reducing the ischemic threshold of the limb to <3 hours. Strategies to improve functional salvage after extremity vascular injury in the setting of shock should include attempts at restoration of flow <= 60 minutes. (J Vasc Surg 2011;53:1052-62.) C1 [Stannard, Adam; Rasmussen, Todd E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Hancock, Heather M.; Stannard, Adam; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Williams, Ken; Dixon, Patti; Cowart, Jerry; Spencer, Jerry; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Stannard, Adam] Royal Ctr Def Med, Acad Dept Mil Surg & Trauma, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Ste B, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@amedd.army.mil FU Office of the Surgeon General of the United States Air Force FX Funding for this project was obtained from the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States Air Force. Expertise from Genesis Concepts and Consultants was utilized under USAF Contract No FA7014-09-D-0008. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD APR PY 2011 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.104 PG 11 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 743IS UT WOS:000289012600024 PM 21255962 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ Gordnier, RE Johnston, JW Romberg, WA Parthasarathy, RN AF Attar, Peter J. Gordnier, Raymond E. Johnston, Jordan W. Romberg, William A. Parthasarathy, Ramkumar N. TI Aeroelastic Analysis of Membrane Microair Vehicles-Part I: Flutter and Limit Cycle Analysis for Fixed-Wing Configurations SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; AERODYNAMICS; PROPULSION; AIRFOIL AB This is the first of two papers concerning the fluid and structural dynamic characteristics of membrane wing microair vehicles. In this paper, a (three) batten-reinforced fixed-wing membrane microair vehicle is used to determine the effect of membrane prestrain on flutter and limit cycle behavior of fixed-wing membrane microair vehicles. For each configuration tested, flutter and subsequent limit cycle oscillations are measured in wind tunnel tests and predicted using an aeroelastic computational model consisting of a nonlinear finite element model coupled to a vortex lattice solution of the Laplace equation and boundary conditions. Agreement between the predicted and measured onset of limit cycle oscillation is good as is the prediction of the amplitude of the limit cycle at the trailing edge of the lower membrane. A direct correlation between levels of strain and the phase of the membranes during the limit cycle is found in the computation and thought to also occur in the experiment. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002129] C1 [Attar, Peter J.; Johnston, Jordan W.; Romberg, William A.; Parthasarathy, Ramkumar N.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gordnier, Raymond E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Attar, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM peter.attar@ou.edu RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); University of Oklahoma Research Council FX The first author would like to acknowledge the support of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), which provided a summer faculty fellowship to fund this work. The first author would also like to acknowledge the University of Oklahoma Research Council, which provided funding for the construction of the experimental model investigated in this paper. Finally, the authors would also like to acknowledge the University of Oklahoma Supercomputing Center (OSCER), which provided supercomputing time to the authors enabling them to complete this work. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 2 AR 021008 DI 10.1115/1.4002129 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 739IB UT WOS:000288707600008 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ Gordnier, RE Johnston, JW Romberg, WA Parthasarathy, RN AF Attar, Peter J. Gordnier, Raymond E. Johnston, Jordan W. Romberg, William A. Parthasarathy, Ramkumar N. TI Aeroelastic Analysis of Membrane Microair Vehicles-Part II: Computational Study of a Plunging Membrane Airfoil SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HOVERING MODEL HAWKMOTH; FLAPPING MOTION; INSECT WINGS; FLIGHT; VORTEX AB In the second paper of the two part study of membrane microair vehicles, computations are performed for a plunging membrane airfoil. The computational model uses a sixth-order finite difference solution of the Navier-Stokes equations coupled to a finite element solution of a set of nonlinear string equations. The effect, on the structural and fluid response, of plunging Strouhal number, reduced frequency, and static angle of attack is examined. Qualitatively, the flow field is found to be very complex with interactions of vortices shed from various locations along the chord of the airfoil. At a low angle of attack and a low Strouhal number, increasing reduced frequency results in a decrease and an increase in the mean sectional lift and drag coefficients, respectively. Also, at a low angle of attack, increasing the Strouhal number has minimal effect at high and low values of reduced frequencies, but a significant effect is found at an intermediate value of reduced frequency. When the effect of angle of attack is studied for fixed values of Strouhal number and reduced frequency, it is found that the act of plunging gives improved mean sectional lift when compared with the case of a fixed flexible airfoil. The improvement does not increase monotonically with the angle of attack but instead is maximum at an intermediate value. Finally, increasing the value of the membrane prestrain, which stiffens the airfoil, results in a reduced value of the sectional lift coefficient for a given Strouhal number, reduced frequency, and angle of attack. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002134] C1 [Attar, Peter J.; Johnston, Jordan W.; Romberg, William A.; Parthasarathy, Ramkumar N.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gordnier, Raymond E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Attar, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM peter.attar@ou.edu RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 FU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); University of Oklahoma Research Council FX The first author would like to acknowledge the support of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), which provided a summer faculty fellowship to fund this work. The first author would also like to acknowledge The University of Oklahoma Research Council, which provided funding for the construction of the experimental model investigated in this paper. Finally, the authors would also like to acknowledge The University of Oklahoma Supercomputing Center (OSCER), which provided supercomputing time to the authors enabling them to complete this work. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 2 AR 021009 DI 10.1115/1.4002134 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 739IB UT WOS:000288707600009 ER PT J AU Leap, NJ Bauer, KW AF Leap, Nathan J. Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr. TI A Confidence Paradigm for Classification Systems SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE confidence; classification; multiattribute preference theory; value functions; pattern recognition; automatic target recognition ID RECOGNITION AB There is no universally accepted methodology to determine how much confidence one should place in the output of a classification system. In this article, we develop a confidence paradigm. This is a theoretical framework that attempts to unite the viewpoints of the classification system developer (or engineer) and the classification system user (or warfighter). The developer designs and tests the classification system at a macro-level. The user fields the system in an environment often quite different than the environment used to develop the system. The user operates at a micro-level and is interested in the indications as they are made by the system. The paradigm is based on the assumptions that the system confidence acts like or can be modelled as value, and that indication confidence can be modelled as a function of the posterior probability estimates. The viewpoints of the developer and the user are unified through the fundamental proposition that the expected value of the user's confidence should be approximately equal to the developer's confidence. This paradigm provides a direct link between traditional decision analysis techniques and traditional pattern recognition techniques. This methodology is applied to an automatic target recognition data set, and the results demonstrate the sort of behavior that would be expected from a rational confidence measure. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*Naval Research Logistics 58: 236-254, 2011 C1 [Leap, Nathan J.; Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leap, NJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nathan.leap@pentagon.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 236 EP 254 DI 10.1002/nav.20426 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 740KU UT WOS:000288793600006 ER PT J AU Avenhaus, R Canty, MJ AF Avenhaus, Rudolf Canty, Morton J. TI Deterrence, Technology, and the Sensible Distribution of Arms Control Verification Resources SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE game theory; inspection games; nonproliferation treaty; critical times AB For routine inspections in the frame of arms control, we address the determination of a rational basis for the distribution of available verification resources among controlled States. The analysis is performed primarily in the context of the nonproliferation treaty. In the spirit of this treaty, which in its original conception stressed objectivity, we adopt a formal, quantified point of view applying the theory of n-person noncooperative games. Emphasis is placed on the conditions necessary for fulfillment of the fundamental verification objective of deterring illegal behavior, and reasonable and intuitively understandable conclusions are derived. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 296-304, 2011 C1 [Avenhaus, Rudolf] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Dept Comp Sci, USAF, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany. [Canty, Morton J.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Avenhaus, R (reprint author), Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Dept Comp Sci, USAF, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany. EM rudolf.avenhaus@unibw.de NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD APR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1002/nav.20360 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 740KU UT WOS:000288793600009 ER PT J AU Olatunbosun, ST Kaufman, JS Bella, AF AF Olatunbosun, S. T. Kaufman, J. S. Bella, A. F. TI Prevalence of obesity and overweight in urban adult Nigerians SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Africans; epidemiology; obesity; overweight ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; AFRICAN ORIGIN; MASS INDEX; WOMEN; HYPERTENSION; POPULATIONS; LIFE AB P>Obesity is increasingly a major health problem in parts of the developing world. It has reached epidemic proportions among Africans living in the Western Hemisphere; similar potential may exist in urban Africa. We explored this possibility in an urban setting in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. A screening survey was carried out among randomly selected 998 civil servants, 581 men and 417 women, in Ibadan, a major Nigerian city. Biographical data were collected using standardized questionnaires, and measurements of anthropometric indices, blood pressures and plasma glucose concentration. Obesity and overweight were defined by body mass index based on international criteria. Prevalence of obesity was 8.82% (confidence interval [CI] = 7.13%, 10.75%), overweight 17.45% (CI = 15.12%, 19.95%), and overweight plus obesity = 26.18% (CI = 23.47%, 29.03%). Prevalence of obesity among the women was 17.27% (CI = 13.76%, 21.24%) and for men 2.75% (CI = 1.58%, 4.43%). Among the women 42% were obese or overweight compared with 15% of the male population. Obesity and overweight were associated with higher socioeconomic status. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in the study population is comparable to rates seen in many industrialized countries, and rapidly emerging urbanized populations in Africa. C1 [Olatunbosun, S. T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall Med Ctr SAMMC, Dept Endocrinol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Kaufman, J. S.] McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bella, A. F.] Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Olatunbosun, ST (reprint author), 59th Med Wing SGO5E,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM stolatunbosun@pol.net OI Kaufman, Jay/0000-0003-1606-401X FU Wellcome (Nigeria) FX The authors appreciate the assistance received from the following: Professor O. Walker (WHO, Africa), Mr P.O. Ojo, Dr S.O. Ola, Mrs K. Babalola and Dr F. Abbiyesuku of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Dr Naomi Fineberg of Indiana University School of Medicine; the Directors-General, Directors of Personnel and the clinic staff of the Secretariat, Ibadan. This work was supported in part by a grant from Wellcome (Nigeria). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD APR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00801.x PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 738ZA UT WOS:000288679900001 PM 20880100 ER PT J AU Shakir, SA Motes, RA Berdine, RW AF Shakir, Sami A. Motes, Raymond Andrew Berdine, Richard W. TI Efficient Scalar Beam Propagation Method SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Beam propagation in cylindrical coordinates; finite-difference beam propagation method; optical fiber; photonics modeling; propagation of electromagnetic waves ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE; OPTICAL FIBERS AB The beam propagation method developed here is based on expanding the field and the refractive index distributions with a Fourier series in the azimuthal direction, thus replacing a 3-D wave equation with a small number of 2-D wave equations. The method is shown to be substantially faster than standard 3-D finite-difference methods and has comparable level of accuracy. C1 [Shakir, Sami A.] TASC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Motes, Raymond Andrew; Berdine, Richard W.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Shakir, SA (reprint author), TASC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM sami.shakir@tasc.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD APR PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 486 EP 491 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2091395 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 735YS UT WOS:000288457300010 ER PT J AU Bell, JE Griffis, SE Cunningham, WA Eberlan, JA AF Bell, John E. Griffis, Stanley E. Cunningham, William A., III Eberlan, Jon A. TI Location optimization of strategic alert sites for homeland defense SO OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Decision making/process; Location; Optimization; Set covering; Allocation ID RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SWITCHING CENTERS; SECURITY SYSTEM; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; NETWORK; AREAS; GRAPH AB This research uses a location analysis approach for selecting aircraft alert sites for the defense of important national areas of interest identified by the US Department of Defense. Solutions are generated in a two step approach where the minimum number of sites is first identified using the location set covering problem and then the result is improved by finding the minimum aggregate network distance or p-median solution from the alternate optimal solutions to the LSCP. This approach also identifies the p-center solution to the problem ensuring equitable response to all areas of interest. Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the impact of altering aircraft launch and flying times on the number of required alert sites and the amount of coverage provided by selecting fewer locations. Results indicate a significant increase in the number of alert locations needed in comparison to original military estimates. The research points out significant implications about future military base closure decisions and the trade-offs between cost and required response times of aircraft in a defense emergency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bell, John E.; Griffis, Stanley E.; Cunningham, William A., III; Eberlan, Jon A.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bell, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mkt & Logist, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bell@utk.edu NR 53 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0483 J9 OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S JI Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.omega.2010.05.004 PG 8 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 653QQ UT WOS:000282112200005 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Panday, V Reilly, C AF Kim, Yu Hyon Panday, Vasudha Reilly, Charles TI Isolation of Kingella denitrificans From a Corneal Ulcer SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE Kingella denitrificans; keratitis; penetrating keratoplasty ID EMERGING PEDIATRIC PATHOGEN; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTICULAR INFECTIONS; INVASIVE INFECTIONS; KINGAE INFECTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ENDOCARDITIS; PATIENT; DISEASE; ADULT AB Purpose: To report a case of a corneal ulcer caused by an unusual pathogen. Design: Case report. Methods: Clinical review describing initial presentation, course, and outcome of 1 patient with a corneal ulcer caused by Kingella denitrificans. Results: A 77-year-old man with a prior history of 4 penetrating keratoplasties in the right eye for herpes simplex virus keratitis presented with a 3-day history of a red painful right eye. On examination, he was found to have a corneal ulcer identified by culture as K. denitrificans. Conclusions: Although Kingella spp. is not a common ocular pathogen, it can infect the cornea, especially when the host immune defense is altered. C1 [Kim, Yu Hyon; Panday, Vasudha; Reilly, Charles] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM dyk33@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 EI 1536-4798 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 472 EP 473 DI 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181f7f129 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 732OJ UT WOS:000288196200022 PM 21099406 ER PT J AU Pickett, BM Burnette, PF Wells, SP Sullivan, PD Hawk, JR AF Pickett, Brent M. Burnette, Parren F. Wells, Steven P. Sullivan, Patrick D. Hawk, John R. TI Fire safety tests comparing synthetic jet and diesel fuels with JP-8 SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE JP-8; Synthetic paraffinic kerosene; Fire extinguishment; Burnback; Military specification MIL-F-24385F; Pool fire ID SURFACE-TENSION PREDICTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES AB Experimental fire tests have been performed on various fuels derived both from a petroleum source and from a synthetic source via a Fischer-Tropsch process. Multiple fire tests were performed for each fuel type as well as fuel blends of conventional and synthetic fuels using aqueous film-forming foam on a liquid pool fire following a prescribed military specification, MIL-F-24385F. Using the current U.S. Air Force jet fuel (JP-8) as a baseline comparison, the synthetic fuels or blends showed no significant difference in extinguishment times. Burnback times showed larger values for some of the synthetic fuels or blends when compared to JP-8, indicating improved safety for these synthetic fuels or blends. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pickett, Brent M.; Sullivan, Patrick D.; Hawk, John R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Burnette, Parren F.; Wells, Steven P.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Pickett, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM brent.pickett@tyndall.af.mil; parren.burnette@tyndall.af.mil; steven.wells@tyndall.af.mil; patrick.sullivan@tyndall.af.mil; john.hawk@tyndall.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.11.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 733ZI UT WOS:000288302600003 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Williams, JC AF Pilchak, A. L. Williams, J. C. TI Observations of Facet Formation in Near-alpha Titanium and Comments on the Role of Hydrogen SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH; DWELL-SENSITIVE FATIGUE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; FRACTURE FACETS; TI-6242 ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; TI-6AL-4V; HYDRIDE; EMBRITTLEMENT AB Faceted features are frequently observed on the fracture surfaces of titanium alloys that have failed by static loading, continuous cycling, dwell fatigue loading, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Although the facets formed under different loading conditions seem qualitatively similar, there are significant differences in the spatial and crystallographic orientations of the facets as well as subtle differences in facet surface topography. The current study compares and contrasts facets for various loading conditions (cyclic, creep, SCC, and dwell) in the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy with the primary motivation being to understand the mechanisms of crack initiation and faceted growth during dwell fatigue. The spatial and crystallographic orientations of the facets were determined using quantitative tilt fractography and electron backscatter diffraction, whereas facet topography was examined using ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Collectively, the experimental observations suggest that hydrogen may play an important role in facet formation and accelerating small crack growth rates during dwell fatigue loading. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Proc Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil FU Federal Aviation Administration [08-G-009]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0089]; Air Force Research Laboratory management and Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This work was funded partially by the Federal Aviation Administration (Grant 08-G-009) and the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N00014-06-1-0089). One of the authors (A. L. P.) acknowledges support and encouragement of the Air Force Research Laboratory management and Air Force Contract No. FA8650-07-D-5800 during the preparation of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to Dr. S. Fox (Timet, Henderson, NV) for providing the bar material used in this study and to Dr. A. Bhattacharjee (Defence Metallurgical Research Lab, Hyderabad, India) for his assistance with sample preparation and measuring the texture of the as-received bar. The authors appreciate the useful discussions related to fatigue and fracture of titanium alloys with Dr. M. C. Brandes (OSU) and the assistance of J. Foltz and A. Young (OSU) with electric discharge machining and stress corrosion cracking experiments, respectively. Finally, the authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. E. Medina and S. Putthanarat (Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH) for performing the X-ray computed tomography investigation. NR 78 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 42A IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1027 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0507-9 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 733IP UT WOS:000288256700015 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Ballard, DL Weaver, DS Semiatin, SL AF Pilchak, A. L. Ballard, D. L. Weaver, D. S. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Hot-Pack Rolling of Nickel-Base Superalloys to Thin Sheet and Foil SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CUBE RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURE; FCC METALS; ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; ORIENTATIONS; STABILITY; ALUMINUM; PLATE AB Microstructure evolution during hot-pack rolling of nickel-base superalloys to similar to 1-mm-thick sheet and similar to 200-mu m-thick foil was investigated with electron backscatter diffraction. The microstructure was observed at increasing levels of strain, which revealed the progressive formation of an unrecrystallized, banded microstructure at sheet gage. The bands contained large orientation gradients, sometimes spanning multiple texture components considered to be stable with respect to the imposed plane-strain compression. After reaching stable orientations, grain-scale shear bands were observed within individual unrecrystallized bands that resulted in local subgrain rotations that formed new bands of different orientation. This phenomenon, which is known as band splitting in the literature, was shown to be the result of continuous dynamic recrystallization as opposed to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization or classical static recrystallization. The unrecrystallized bands were eliminated by unidirectional rolling to foil but not by cross rolling. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Met Proc Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Met Proc Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Laboratory management; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Contract [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Processing Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Ali Sayir, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also wish to acknowledge T. Brown, J. Brown, and T. Goff for performing the hot-pack rolling trials; P. Fagin for performing the hot-compression tests; and G. Wiseman for assistance with preparing the manuscript. One of the authors (A. L. P.) was supported through Air Force Contract FA8650-07-D-5800. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 42A IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1102 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0508-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 733IP UT WOS:000288256700022 ER PT J AU Woolley, BG Peterson, GL Kresge, JT AF Woolley, Brian G. Peterson, Gilbert L. Kresge, Jared T. TI Real-time behavior-based robot control SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE General purpose real-time operating systems; Behavior-based robotics; Reactive behavior hierarchies ID FRAMEWORK AB Behavior-based systems form the basis of autonomous control for many robots, but there is a need to ensure these systems respond in a timely manner. Unexpected latency can adversely affect the quality of an autonomous system's operations, which in turn can affect lives and property in the real-world. A robots ability to detect and handle external events is paramount to providing safe and dependable operation. This paper presents a concurrent version of a behavior-based system called the Real-Time Unified Behavior Framework, which establishes a responsive basis of behavior-based control that does not bind the system developer to any single behavior hierarchy. The concurrent design of the framework is based on modern software engineering principles and only specifies a functional interface for components, leaving the implementation details to the developers. In addition, the individual behaviors are executed by a real-time scheduler, guaranteeing the responsiveness of routines that are critical to the autonomous system's safe operation. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this approach to provide predictable temporal operation, independent of fluctuations in high-level computational loads. C1 [Woolley, Brian G.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Kresge, Jared T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kresge, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.woolley@ieee.org; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; jared.kresge@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, USAF [08RY10COR] FX This work was supported in part through Lab Task #08RY10COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, USAF. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s10514-010-9215-y PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 729QN UT WOS:000287965800001 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS AF Tankersley, Michael S. TI How Should Allergists Deal With Local Reactions to Allergen Immunotherapy? SO CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS LA English DT Review DE Local reactions; Systemic reactions; Dose adjustments; Immunotherapy ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; RUSH-IMMUNOTHERAPY; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; DOSE ADJUSTMENT; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREMEDICATION; PRETREATMENT; INJECTIONS; PATIENT AB Despite the well-known benefits of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), adverse reactions include both local reactions (LRs) and systemic reactions. An LR is a well-known adverse event associated with SCIT injections and is defined as any swelling located at or near the injection site following allergen injection. Concerns that LRs might predict systemic reactions have historically motivated allergists to dose adjust for LRs. More recent data have dispelled this notion, although many allergists continue to dose adjust for other reasons. This article discusses the historical response to LRs and dose adjustments and reviews the most recent literature addressing LRs to SCIT. Treatment options, although they are either unproven or not studied, are offered as an alternative to routine dose adjustments for LRs. Education remains the foundation of physician-patient communication concerning LRs. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy & Immunol Div, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tankersley, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy & Immunol Div, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.tankersley@us.af.mil NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET STREET, STE 700, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1529-7322 J9 CURR ALLERGY ASTHM R JI Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. PD APR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s11882-010-0172-5 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 729CG UT WOS:000287925000005 PM 21170613 ER PT J AU Scott, RC Leedy, KD Bayraktaroglu, B Look, DC Smith, DJ Ding, D Lu, XF Zhang, YH AF Scott, Robin C. Leedy, Kevin D. Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Look, David C. Smith, David J. Ding, Ding Lu, Xianfeng Zhang, Yong-Hang TI Influence of Substrate Temperature and Post-Deposition Annealing on Material Properties of Ga-Doped ZnO Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN 23-25, 2010 CL Notre Dame, IN DE Transparent conductive oxide; pulsed laser deposition; Ga-doped ZnO; solar cells; optoelectronics ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; N-TYPE ZNO; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ZINC-OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTING ZNO; TRANSPARENT; AL; SPUTTER; PLASMA AB Ga-doped ZnO films were prepared at 10 mTorr of oxygen over a broad temperature range using pulsed laser deposition. The carrier concentration of as-deposited films decreased monotonically with deposition temperature over a temperature range of 25A degrees C to 450A degrees C. Post-deposition annealing of as-deposited films in forming gas (5% H-2 in argon) or vacuum resulted in a substantial increase in both carrier concentration and electron mobility. The figure of merit was highest for films deposited at 250A degrees C then annealed in forming gas at 400A degrees C. The optical transmittance was near 90% throughout the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. These results indicate that Ga-doped ZnO is a viable alternative to transparent indium-based conductive oxides. C1 [Scott, Robin C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ding, Ding; Lu, Xianfeng; Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Leedy, Kevin D.; Bayraktaroglu, Burhan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Scott, RC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Robin.Scott@asu.edu RI Ding, Ding/C-2464-2013 FU Science Foundation Arizona [SRG 0190-07, SRG 0339-08]; Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-08-2-0228]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0129, FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR0803276] FX R.C.S., D.J.S., D.D., XL., and Y.-H.Z. were partially supported by Science Foundation Arizona, Contracts SRG 0190-07 and SRG 0339-08, and by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate, Contract FA9453-08-2-0228, and AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0129. The work of D. C. L. was partially supported by AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0079 and NSF Grant DMR0803276. The authors thank Tim Cooper and Kyle Bruggeman at WPAFB for electrical and optical measurements and also acknowledge the use of facilities at the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1396-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 726XB UT WOS:000287759100011 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Sun, GA Ding, YJJ Zotova, IB Mandal, KC Mertiri, A Pabst, G Fernelius, N AF Xu, Guibao Sun, Guan Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Mandal, Krishna C. Mertiri, Alket Pabst, Gary Fernelius, Nils TI Investigation of symmetries of second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor of GaSe crystals in THz domain SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Kleinman's symmetry condition; Spatial symmetry; THz generation; GaSe; Optical rectification; Photocurrent surge ID CYCLE TERAHERTZ PULSES; OPTICAL RECTIFICATION; GENERATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TOMOGRAPHY; EFFICIENT AB Following our measurements and analysis made on several GaSe crystals, we demonstrated that terahertz (THz) generation from ultrafast laser pulses can be developed into a sensitive technique for investigating symmetries of second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor of a nonlinear crystal. Indeed, for GaSe crystals, both Kleinman's symmetry condition and spatial symmetry were violated due to the contribution of ionic displacement to nonlinear polarization and deviation of GaSe lattice from hexagonal symmetry. When the pump photon energy was increased from that below the bandgap of GaSe to that above it, the mechanism for the THz generation was switched from optical rectification to photocurrent surge. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Guibao; Sun, Guan; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Mertiri, Alket; Pabst, Gary] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Fernelius, Nils] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mandal, Krishna C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Ding, YJJ (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu RI Xu, Guibao/F-3461-2010 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 1 PY 2011 VL 284 IS 7 BP 2027 EP 2030 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2010.12.025 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 730OP UT WOS:000288043700059 ER PT J AU Rao, R Reppert, J Podila, R Zhang, XF Rao, AM Talapatra, S Maruyama, B AF Rao, Rahul Reppert, Jason Podila, Ramakrishna Zhang, Xianfeng Rao, Apparao M. Talapatra, Saikat Maruyama, Benji TI Double resonance Raman study of disorder in CVD-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID D-BAND; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; GRAPHITE; FERROCENE; NITROGEN; SULFUR; ORIGIN; MODES AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with varying degrees of disorder were investigated using multiple-excitation Raman spectroscopy. The lattice disorder was imparted into the nanotubes by the addition of varying amounts of sulfur to the iron catalyst in a thermal chemical vapor deposition process. Changes in the intensities of peaks occurring due to a double resonance Raman process were studied. The intensity of the disorder-induced D band increased with a decrease in the sulfur content. Upon post-synthesis heat treatment, the double resonance process got quenched due to defect healing. The second order G' band and iTOLA bands exhibited a two-peak structure, of which one of the peaks is relatively more sensitive to defects and decreased in intensity with heat treatment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reppert, Jason; Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Reppert, Jason; Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao M.] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Zhang, Xianfeng; Talapatra, Saikat] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rahulsrao@gmail.com RI Rao, Rahul/F-6985-2010; Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Podila, Ramakrishna/H-6226-2012; OI Rao, Rahul/0000-0002-6415-0185; Podila, Ramakrishna/0000-0003-0472-2361 FU AFOSR; National Research Council; US AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0384]; Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity through the Office of Coal Development; Illinois Clean Coal Institute (ICCI) [10/7B-5]; NSF ECCS [0925708] FX RR and BM acknowledge support from the AFOSR and the National Research Council associateship program. AMR acknowledges support through US AFOSR Grant Number FA9550-09-1-0384. ST acknowledges the support by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity through the Office of Coal Development and the Illinois Clean Coal Institute (ICCI grant No. 10/7B-5), and NSF ECCS (grant No. 0925708). NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1318 EP 1325 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.052 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 717NR UT WOS:000287055200033 ER PT J AU Hayn, RA Owens, JR Boyer, SA McDonald, RS Lee, HJ AF Hayn, Ryan A. Owens, Jeffery R. Boyer, Stephanie A. McDonald, Rashelle S. Lee, Hoon Joo TI Preparation of highly hydrophobic and oleophobic textile surfaces using microwave-promoted silane coupling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; LOTUS; WETTABILITY AB The wetting behavior of a solid surface is controlled by the geometric structure as well as the chemical composition of the material. In this study, highly hydrophobic and oleophobic materials were prepared by microwave-assisted cross-linking of perfluoroalkoxysilane onto nylon and cotton-blended fabric. Surface roughness was controlled by choice of the catalyst. Water catalysis resulted in a smooth coating deposition of the perfluoroalkoxysilanes on the fiber surface, while base catalysis resulted in a micro and nano scale rough surface on the fibers. Both water and base-catalyzed materials were superhydrophobic, but creating multi-scale geometric structure via base catalysis was required to improve oleophobicity. A series of experiments explored the parameters of fluorosilane concentration, base catalysis, curing time, and the number of cures. The apparent contact angles of the fabric samples treated in a multiple dip-and-cure sequence averaged 135A degrees (hexadecane) and 148A degrees (water) with no absorption of either within 60 h (hexadecane) or until complete evaporation (water). C1 [Lee, Hoon Joo] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hayn, Ryan A.; Owens, Jeffery R.; McDonald, Rashelle S.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Boyer, Stephanie A.] USAF Acad, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, 2401 Res Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hoonjoo_lee@ncsu.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense [BA07PRO102, HDTRA1-08-1-0049] FX Our team would like to thank Dr. Heidi Gibson in US Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center for her expertise and support throughout the entire research. We appreciate support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (project numbers BA07PRO102 and HDTRA1-08-1-0049). NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2503 EP 2509 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-5100-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 712AD UT WOS:000286633300013 ER PT J AU Altin, G Martin, RK AF Altin, Gokhan Martin, Richard K. TI Bit-error-rate-minimizing channel shortening using post-FEQ diversity combining and a genetic algorithm SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive; Cyclic prefix; Channel shortening equalizer; Frequency domain equalizer; Multicarrier; Genetic Algorithm ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; TIME-DOMAIN; TONE EQUALIZATION; OFDM; SYSTEMS; TEQ AB In cyclic prefixed wireless communication systems, the bit error rate (BER) is the primary design concern. However, most equalizers for these systems optimize proxy metrics that are easy to use but are suboptimal in terms of BER. In this work, a channel shortener and frequency domain equalizer (FEQ) are developed for cyclic prefixed systems, which directly attempt to minimize the BER. To do this, first we modify the FEQ structure of a single input multiple output (SIMO) system such that the diversity combining is after the FEQ(whereas usually it is before the FEQ); and extend adaptive equalization algorithms to the new structure. This greatly mitigates frequency nulls, improving the BER. Second, a Genetic Algorithm, which is an optimization method based on the principles of natural selection and genetics, is used to choose the channel shortener to directly minimize the BER. The new approaches lower the BER by 10(2) in simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Altin, Gokhan] Turkish AF, Ankara, Turkey. [Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Altin, G (reprint author), Turkish AF, Ankara, Turkey. EM altin_gokhan@yahoo.com; Richard.Martin@afit.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD APR PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1031 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2010.10.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 715EZ UT WOS:000286864700032 ER PT J AU Henry, LJ Shay, TM Hult, DW Rowland, KB AF Henry, Leanne J. Shay, Thomas M. Hult, Dane W. Rowland, Ken B., Jr. TI Thermal effects in narrow linewidth single and two tone fiber lasers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; SILICA GLASS; AMPLIFIERS; POWER AB Significant effects from heating occur in both single and two tone fiber amplifiers. Single tone 1064 nm amplifiers have highest efficiency when the external environment surrounding the gain fiber is cold while 1064 nm two tone amplifiers co-seeded with broadband 1040 nm have maximum efficiency when the gain fiber is hot. It is shown experimentally that changes in the temperature of the core of the gain fiber have dramatic effects on the 1064 nm / 1040 nm power distribution in the output of two tone amplifiers. This has been attributed to temperature dependence of the absorption and emission cross-sections at the wavelengths of interest. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Henry, Leanne J.; Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hult, Dane W.] TREX Enterprises Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. [Rowland, Ken B., Jr.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henry, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Leanne.Henry@kirtland.af.mil NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 28 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 7 BP 6164 EP 6176 DI 10.1364/OE.19.006164 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741GR UT WOS:000288852700046 PM 21451641 ER PT J AU Atanassov, P Lau, C Luckarift, H Johnson, G AF Atanassov, Plamen Lau, Carolin Luckarift, Heather Johnson, Glenn TI Direct electron transfer by multicopper oxidases: Application in biofuel cathode design SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 365-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802071 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Taylor, BE Haag, JM Dang, TD Durstock, MF AF Bai, Zongwu Taylor, Barney E. Haag, Jacob M. Dang, Thuy D. Durstock, Michael F. TI In-situ generated PEO-SiO2 nanocomposite electrolytes for lightweight, flexible batteries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. UTC Inc, Dayton, OH USA. AFRL, RXBN, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 268-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807212 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE McNamara, N Smith, MJ Guliants, EA Fernando, SKA AF Bunker, Christopher E. McNamara, Nicholas Smith, Marcus J. Guliants, Elena A. Fernando, Shiral K. A. TI Probing the role of sonochemistry in the synthesis of metal-organic core-shell nanoparticles: Understanding the protection/release nature of Fe-oleic acid and Al-oleic acid nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 191-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804708 ER PT J AU Burdon, MRW Haverhals, LM Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Burdon, Midshipman Robert W. Haverhals, Luke M. Foley, Matthew P. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Characterization of fiber welded biopolymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Math & Nat Sci, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1175-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801140 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Chen, MY AF Chen, Chenggang Chen, Ming-Y. TI Thermoset composites with negative-CTE zirconium tungstate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 44-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807005 ER PT J AU Clowes, DE Wilkes, JN Lindsay, M Richard, DW Kettwich, SC AF Clowes, Derek E. Wilkes, John N. Lindsay, Michael Richard, David W. Kettwich, Sharon C. TI Ionic liquid coatings for energetic nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 786-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982800754 ER PT J AU Deiner, J Ayyadurai, M Reitz, T AF Deiner, Jay Ayyadurai, Mary Reitz, Thomas TI Investigations of the surface chemistry and colloidal stability of nickel oxide particles in non-aqueous media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 438-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803700 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Boatz, J Weber, S Mabry, J AF Haddad, Timothy S. Boatz, Jerry Weber, Sarah Mabry, Joseph TI Thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability of fully-condensed fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Haddad, Timothy S.; Boatz, Jerry; Weber, Sarah; Mabry, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 812-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805729 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CG Richards, DW Lindsay, CM Kettwich, SC Iacono, ST AF Hawkins, Casey G. Richards, David W. Lindsay, C. Michael Kettwich, Sharon C. Iacono, Scott T. TI Synthesis and characterization of perfluoropolyether segmented poly(urethane)s SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1180-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801145 ER PT J AU Kanel, SR Vijwani, H Agrawal, A Mukhopadhyay, SM Goltz, MN AF Kanel, Sushil R. Vijwani, Hema Agrawal, Abinash Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M. Goltz, Mark N. TI Treatment of chlorinated organic compounds by carbon nanotubes modified with nanoscale palladium metal SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Multifunct Mat, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Agrawal, Abinash/B-8048-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 753-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802742 ER PT J AU Klein, DKD Foley, MP Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM O'Sullivan, DW De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Klein, David K. D. Foley, Matthew P. Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew O'Sullivan, Daniel W. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Depolymerization of cellulose in a binary ionic liquid system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1174-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801139 ER PT J AU Kozlovskaya, V Harbaugh, S Drachuk, I Shchepelina, O Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, M Tsukruk, VV AF Kozlovskaya, Veronika Harbaugh, Svetlana Drachuk, Irina Shchepelina, Olga Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Hydrogen-bonded LbL shells for living cell surface engineering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directorate Human Effectiveness Wright Patterson, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 201-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807306 ER PT J AU Lamison, KR Guenthner, AJ Vij, V Mabry, JM AF Lamison, Kevin R. Guenthner, Andrew J. Vij, Vandana Mabry, Joseph M. TI Packing fraction and relation to glass transition in ternary blends of cyanate ester resins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA USA. AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 96-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807024 ER PT J AU Luckarift, H Sizemore, S Lau, C Roy, J Atanassov, P Johnson, G AF Luckarift, Heather Sizemore, Susan Lau, Carolin Roy, Jared Atanassov, Plamen Johnson, Glenn TI Scalable conductive polymer/graphite architectures for microbial fuel cell anodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 266-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804505 ER PT J AU Marquez, SA Brunsvold, AL Cooper, R Shen, LH Minton, TK Tomczak, SJ Wright, ME Guenthner, AJ Pettys, BJ Vij, V McGrath, LM Mabry, JM Schatz, GC AF Marquez, Sara A. Brunsvold, Amy L. Cooper, Russell Shen, Linhan Minton, Timothy K. Tomczak, Sandra J. Wright, Michael E. Guenthner, Andrew J. Pettys, Brian J. Vij, Vandana McGrath, Laura M. Mabry, Joseph M. Schatz, George C. TI Oxygen-atom reactivity with polyimide and POSS-polyimide surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & BIochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USAF, AFRL RZSM, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA USA. USAF, ERC Inc, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA USA. USN, Res & Engn Sci Dept, Div Chem, NAVAIR, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 225-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803939 ER PT J AU McNamara, N Fernando, KAS Harruff, B Smith, M Guliants, E Bunker, CE AF McNamara, Nicholas Fernando, K. A. Shiral Harruff, Barbara Smith, Marcus Guliants, Elena Bunker, Christopher E. TI Synthesis of metal nanoparticles and subsequent decoration of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide via sonochemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 35-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805067 ER PT J AU Moody, JT VanDerveer, D Smith, DW Iacono, ST AF Moody, Justin T. VanDerveer, Don Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Iacono, Scott T. TI Aryloxylation of aryl trifluorovinyl ethers: Synthesis and stereoselectivity of (Z)/(E)-aryl 1,2-difluorodioxyethylenes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 281-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806401 ER PT J AU Moore, BM Ramirez, SM Yandek, GR Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Moore, Brian M. Ramirez, Sean M. Yandek, Gregory R. Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Increasing the solubility of inert peripherally aromatic POSS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Moore, Brian M.; Ramirez, Sean M.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Haddad, Timothy S.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Space & Missle Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 225-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802842 ER PT J AU Naik, RR AF Naik, Rajesh R. TI Bio-inspired assembly of functional materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 66-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806917 ER PT J AU Nepal, D Park, K Vaia, RA AF Nepal, Dhriti Park, Kyoungewon Vaia, Richard A. TI Reversible gold nanorods pair formation: pH tunable interparticle potential SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nepal, Dhriti; Park, Kyoungewon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBN, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 24-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806942 ER PT J AU Nepal, D Onses, S Park, K Jespersen, ML Nealey, PF Vaia, RA AF Nepal, Dhriti Onses, Serdar Park, Kyoungweon Jespersen, Michael L. Nealey, Paul F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Preferential assembly of gold nanorods on sub-100nm polymer-derived surface patterns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, RXBN, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Coll Engn, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 95-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982803575 ER PT J AU Pierson, SN Richard, DW Lindsay, CM Iacono, ST Kettwich, SC AF Pierson, Scott N., Jr. Richard, David W. Lindsay, C. Michael Iacono, Scott T. Kettwich, Sharon C. TI Synthesis and characterization of aluminum perfluoropolyether blended materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1199-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801164 ER PT J AU Ramirez, SM Diaz, Y Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Ramirez, Sean M. Diaz, Yvonne Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Functional perfluoroalkyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F-POSS): Building blocks for low-surface energy materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Space & Missile Prop Div, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 193-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807340 ER PT J AU Robinson, JB Demmitt, B Collins, T Gorey, T Posgai, R Varma, R Hussain, S Rowe, J AF Robinson, Jayne B. Demmitt, Brittany Collins, Tracy Gorey, Tim Posgai, Ryan Varma, Rajender Hussain, Saber Rowe, John TI Green synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit reduced toxicity to mammalian cells and retain antimicrobial activity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 34-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804913 ER PT J AU Roy, AK AF Roy, Ajit K. TI Materials heterogeneity in thermal materials design: Atomistic to continuum scale SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 188-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804705 ER PT J AU Struckhoff, GC Agrawal, A Shelley, ML AF Struckhoff, Garrett C. Agrawal, Abinash Shelley, Michael L. TI Wetland plant root products stimulate cometabolic degradation of TCE and cis-DCE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Agrawal, Abinash/B-8048-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 217-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804491 ER PT J AU Thomas, BJ Wentz, K Guliants, EA Bunker, CE Hayes, SE Jelliss, PA Buckner, SW AF Thomas, Brandon J. Wentz, Katherine Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. Hayes, Sophia E. Jelliss, Paul A. Buckner, Steven W. TI Synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles using polymerizable capping agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 700-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982805115 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, Steven Pachter, Ruth TI Immobilization of the Trametes versicolor laccase on single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 164-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982804167 ER PT J AU Vella, J Urbas, A AF Vella, Jarrett Urbas, Augustine TI Photophysics of a two-photon absorbing chromophore film on sub-wavelength, gold triangles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vella, Jarrett; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 302-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982806833 ER PT J AU Vij, A Chu, TV Fuller, DL AF Vij, Ashwani Chu, Tuong V. Fuller, Debra L. TI CHAMP (Chemical Hazard Analysis & Management Program): AFRL's new approach toward addressing hazcom at R&D level SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vij, Ashwani; Chu, Tuong V.; Fuller, Debra L.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 3-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802994 ER PT J AU Wang, DH AF Wang, David H. TI Exfoliating microwave-irradiated graphite via in-situ polymerization of linear and hyperbranched poly (ether-ketone) in polyphosphoric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, David H.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Wang, David H.] USAF, Rsearch Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 227-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982802843 ER PT J AU Wood, JS Rakowsky, MH Kashka, JL AF Wood, Jennie S. Rakowsky, Margaret H. Kashka, Jessica L. TI High surface area carbon aerogels: Modifying preparation to optimize structure and poroscity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wood, Jennie S.; Rakowsky, Margaret H.; Kashka, Jessica L.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 1177-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982801142 ER PT J AU Yandek, GR Ruth, PN Mabry, JM AF Yandek, Gregory R. Ruth, Patrick N. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Exfoliation of layered magnesium aluminum silicate platelets in polymer hosts enabled by cation chemistry and temperature SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Space & Missile Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA USA. ERC Inc, Edwards Afb, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 241 MA 230-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782BO UT WOS:000291982807066 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Tondiglia, VP Hurtubise, JM Natarajan, LV White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Hurtubise, Jennifer M. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Thermally Induced, Multicolored Hyper-Reflective Cholesteric Liquid Crystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-NETWORK; PHASE RETARDATION; COLOR GAMUT; BAND; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Hurtubise, Jennifer M.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Christopher Bailey, Dr. Kyungmin Lee, and Dr. Michael Birnkrant for useful discussions. Funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. MEM gratefully acknowledges the National Research Council for fellowship support. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 25 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1453 EP 1457 DI 10.1002/adma.201003552 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 739GA UT WOS:000288701300021 PM 21433112 ER PT J AU Markovsky, PE Semiatin, SL AF Markovsky, P. E. Semiatin, S. L. TI Tailoring of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V with local rapid (induction) heat treatment SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloy; Local rapid (induction) heat treatment; Microstructure; Tensile properties; Fatigue properties ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; BETA AB The evolution of microstructure during local rapid (induction) heat treatment (LRHT) and its effect on the tension and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V with an initial microstructure of fine-grain equiaxed alpha or coarse-grain colony alpha were investigated. LRHT of material with an initial equiaxed condition formed a graded microstructure that varied from a fully transformed one at the surface to a bimodal (equiaxed/transformed) one at the center. After final aging (LRHTA), such a material was characterized by an attractive blend of tension and fatigue properties (UTS = 1285 MPa, elongation = 6.3%, endurance limit 710 MPa). An analysis of the dependence of mechanical properties on the volume fraction of heat-treated material revealed that LRHTA processing to 50% transformed in the critical cross section (from point of view of maximum applied loading) gave a balance of tensile properties similar to those obtained via bulk (100%) rapid heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V. In contrast, the LRHTA of Ti-6Al-4V with a coarse-grain colony-alpha preform condition required longer heating times to refine the structure and provided only a modest improvement in mechanical properties. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Markovsky, P. E.] GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, Dept Strength & Ductil Inhomogeneous Syst, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Markovsky, PE (reprint author), GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, Dept Strength & Ductil Inhomogeneous Syst, 36 Vernadsky Blvd, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM pmark@imp.kiev.ua RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFOSR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD); STCU [P-246] FX The present work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the AFOSR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD) (Dr. W. Sanders, program manager) within the framework of STCU partner project P-246. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2011 VL 528 IS 7-8 BP 3079 EP 3089 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.002 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 733XH UT WOS:000288297300009 ER PT J AU Dolce, PF Cain, SC AF Dolce, Paul F. Cain, Stephen C. TI Three-dimensional LADAR range estimation using expectation maximization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE 3-D LADAR; range estimation; expectation maximization AB Laser detection and ranging (LADAR) systems can be used to provide 2-D and 3-D images of scenes. Generally, 2-D images possess superior spatial resolution but without range data due to the density of their focal plane arrays. A 3-D LADAR system can produce range-to-target data at each pixel but lacks the 2-D system's superior spatial resolution. We develop an algorithm using an expectation maximization approach to estimate both 3-D LADAR range and the bias associated with a 3-D LADAR system. The algorithm we develop demonstrates both spatial and range resolution improvement over standard interpolation techniques using both real and simulated 3-D and 2-D LADAR data. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3569126] C1 [Dolce, Paul F.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dolce, PF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.dolce@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 053513 DI 10.1117/1.3569126 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 750LC UT WOS:000289546700002 ER PT J AU Tao, X Bortnik, J Albert, JM Liu, K Thorne, RM AF Tao, X. Bortnik, J. Albert, J. M. Liu, K. Thorne, R. M. TI Comparison of quasilinear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode waves with test particle simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE; PLASMA; ENERGY; FIELD AB We present a comparison between the classical quasilinear diffusion coefficients and those calculated using a general test particle code. The trajectories of a large number of electrons are followed as they traverse a numerically-constructed, broadband, small-amplitude wave field, using a general relativistic test particle code. The change in each electron's pitch angle and energy is shown to be stochastic and the resulting diffusion of the entire population is found to be in excellent agreement with quasilinear theory. We also demonstrate that the diffusion coefficients presented by Summers, derived specifically for parallel propagating waves, are a factor of two larger than the test particle results if the power spectral density is one-sided (omega > 0). Our results demonstrate the general validity of using quasilinear theory to describe the effects of broadband small amplitude waves on radiation belt electrons. Citation: Tao, X., J. Bortnik, J. M. Albert, K. Liu, and R. M. Thorne (2011), Comparison of quasilinear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode waves with test particle simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06105, doi:10.1029/2011GL046787. C1 [Tao, X.; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Albert, J. M.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Liu, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM xtao@atmos.ucla.edu RI Dong, Li/F-4931-2010; OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU NSF [0903802] FX We would like to thank Michael Schulz for helpful discussions. This research was supported at UCLA by NSF grant 0903802, which was awarded through the NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership program. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L06105 DI 10.1029/2011GL046787 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 741LE UT WOS:000288864400006 ER PT J AU Delaire, O Marty, K Stone, MB Kent, PRC Lucas, MS Abernathy, DL Mandrus, D Sales, BC AF Delaire, Olivier Marty, Karol Stone, Matthew B. Kent, Paul R. C. Lucas, Matthew S. Abernathy, Douglas L. Mandrus, David Sales, Brian C. TI Phonon softening and metallization of a narrow-gap semiconductor by thermal disorder SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE electron-phonon coupling; metal-insulator transition; thermoelectrics ID STATIC COMPRESSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EPSILON-FESI; INSULATOR; THERMODYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; METAL; BAND AB The vibrations of ions in solids at finite temperature depend on interatomic force-constants that result from electrostatic interactions between ions, and the response of the electron density to atomic displacements. At high temperatures, vibration amplitudes are substantial, and electronic states are affected, thus modifying the screening properties of the electron density. By combining inelastic neutron scattering measurements of Fe1-xCoxSi as a function of temperature, and finite-temperature first-principles calculations including thermal disorder effects, we show that the coupling between phonons and electronic structure results in an anomalous temperature dependence of phonons. The strong concomitant renormalization of the electronic structure induces the semiconductor-to-metal transition that occurs with increasing temperature in FeSi. Our results show that for systems with rapidly changing electronic densities of states at the Fermi level, there are likely to be significant phonon-electron interactions, resulting in anomalous temperature-dependent properties. C1 [Delaire, Olivier; Marty, Karol; Stone, Matthew B.; Kent, Paul R. C.; Abernathy, Douglas L.; Mandrus, David; Sales, Brian C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lucas, Matthew S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Delaire, O (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delaireoa@ornl.gov RI Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Kent, Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE); National Science Foundation [DMR-0520547]; Office of Science of the US DOE; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001299]; DOE Materials Sciences and Technology Division FX We thank D. J. Singh and S. E. Nagler for helpful discussions. The Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source, High Flux Isotope Reactor, and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE). ARCS data reduction benefited from DANSE software developed under National Science Foundation Grant DMR-0520547. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE. O.D. was partially supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center, DOE Grant DE-SC0001299. D.M. and B.S. acknowledge funding from DOE Materials Sciences and Technology Division. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 42 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 22 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 12 BP 4725 EP 4730 DI 10.1073/pnas.1014869108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 739JC UT WOS:000288712200012 ER PT J AU Petersen, EB Shi, W Chavez-Pirson, A Peyghambarian, N Cooney, AT AF Petersen, Eliot B. Shi, Wei Chavez-Pirson, Arturo Peyghambarian, N. Cooney, Adam T. TI Efficient parametric terahertz generation in quasi-phase-matched GaP through cavity enhanced difference-frequency generation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE GENERATION; FIBER LASERS; CRYSTAL; BAND AB We report an efficient parametric terahertz (THz) source by using bonded quasi-phase-matched (QPM) GaP crystals pumped by the C-band pulsed fiber lasers in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration, based on difference frequency generation (DFG). We observed that the QPM-GaP crystals can effectively increase the THz generation power and efficiency by increasing the number of periods. Moreover, we observed external cavity enhanced THz DFG by placing the QPM-GaP crystal in an external ring cavity. The THz cavity enhancement factor of approximately 250 has been achieved in comparison with a single-pass THz DFG. The maximum THz average power can reach 339 mu W, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 2.43 x 10(-4) and a quantum efficiency of 3.16%. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3571550] C1 [Petersen, Eliot B.; Shi, Wei; Chavez-Pirson, Arturo; Peyghambarian, N.] NP Photon Inc, Tucson, AZ 85747 USA. [Petersen, Eliot B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Peyghambarian, N.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cooney, Adam T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NP Photon Inc, 9030 S Rita Rd, Tucson, AZ 85747 USA. EM wshi@npphotonics.com FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-C-0105]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-5208]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-11-C-0005] FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (contract FA9550-10-C-0105), Air Force Research Laboratory (contract FA8650-10-C-5208) and U.S. Army Research Office (W911NF-11-C-0005). The authors thank Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Dr. Dwight Woolard, and Dr. Niles Fernelius for their support and technical help. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 12 AR 121119 DI 10.1063/1.3571550 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 740PZ UT WOS:000288808200019 ER PT J AU Gentile, LC Burke, WJ Roddy, PA Retterer, JM Tsunoda, RT AF Gentile, L. C. Burke, W. J. Roddy, P. A. Retterer, J. M. Tsunoda, R. T. TI Climatology of plasma density depletions observed by DMSP in the dawn sector SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; LONGITUDINAL VARIABILITY; PREREVERSAL ENHANCEMENT; EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; BUBBLES; STORM AB Prior to the launch of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were regarded as postsunset phenomena. However, during this recent solar minimum the planar Langmuir probe (PLP) on the C/NOFS satellite has detected very few EPBs after sunset; most plasma density depletions have been observed between local midnight and dawn. We take advantage of the long history of plasma density measurements by a similar sensor on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft to determine whether this change is typical of solar minima in general or unique to the present extended quiet time. In 2008 and 2009 the DMSP occurrence rates of topside plasma depletions in the dawn sector were unexpectedly high around the June and December solstices and extremely low near the March and September equinoxes. Dawn sector measurements from solar minimum years 1996-1997 exhibit similar seasonal and longitudinal distributions, but occurrence rates are significantly lower. While our analysis suggests that prevailing low levels of solar EUV flux and driving electric fields establish conditions favorable for the growth of postmidnight depletions, the primary causes of observed seasonal-longitudinal distributions remain unresolved. C1 [Gentile, L. C.; Burke, W. J.; Roddy, P. A.; Retterer, J. M.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Tsunoda, R. T.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gentile, LC (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RV.PA@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Task 2301SDA5]; Air Force with Boston College [FA8718-08-C-0012] FX This analysis was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task 2301SDA5 and Air Force contract FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03321 DI 10.1029/2010JA016176 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 737YM UT WOS:000288606500001 ER PT J AU White, TJ Cazzell, SA Freer, AS Yang, DK Sukhomlinova, L Su, LL Kosa, T Taheri, B Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Cazzell, Seth A. Freer, Alexander S. Yang, Deng-Ke Sukhomlinova, Ludmila Su, Linli Kosa, Tamas Taheri, Bahman Bunning, Timothy J. TI Widely Tunable, Photoinvertible Cholesteric Liquid Crystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHIROPTICAL MOLECULAR SWITCH; PHOTOCHROMIC FULGIDE; CHIRAL DOPANTS; PITCH; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; FILMS; DERIVATIVES AB A photoinvertible chiral molecule allows for wide-range tuning encompassing the entirety of the optical range. UV light inverts the handedness of the cholesteric liquid-crystal (CLC) helix, which yields color tuning of the reflection notch. After the light is removed, the material quickly relaxes back to the original conformation. The optical properties of the CLC during tuning/inversion are correlated to the mesomorphic behavior of the mixture. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Cazzell, Seth A.; Freer, Alexander S.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yang, Deng-Ke] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Freer, Alexander S.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Sukhomlinova, Ludmila; Su, Linli; Kosa, Tamas; Taheri, Bahman] Alpha Micron Inc, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Cazzell, Seth/J-4392-2015 OI Cazzell, Seth/0000-0001-6220-0436 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 57 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1389 EP 1392 DI 10.1002/adma.201003577 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 734JV UT WOS:000288331300014 PM 21400602 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Bishop, GJ Welsh, JA AF McNamara, Leo F. Bishop, Gregory J. Welsh, Judith A. TI Assimilation of ionosonde profiles into a global ionospheric model SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IONOGRAMS AB The Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) ionospheric model has been run for multiday intervals in November 2008 and February/March 2009, to investigate the model's ability to assimilate plasma frequency profiles provided by Digisondes. Ionosondes are currently the only type of assimilation data that can provide information on the profile below the peak of the F2 layer. Attention has been focused on the Republic of South Africa, which has four Digisondes and thus offers a unique validation environment. The model has been run for multiple assimilation data scenarios, some of which include GPS total electron content (TEC) observations, in order to provide benchmarks for testing the profile assimilation. The Hermanus Digisonde was set aside to provide the ground truth, in particular the values of foF2, hmF2, and the width of the F2 layer. The values of these characteristics were also tested at the other three ionosonde sites, since the data assimilation procedures do not usually reproduce the assimilated data exactly. It was found that assimilation of ionosonde data did not improve the accuracy of the GAIM values of foF2 at Hermanus (or Grahamstown) beyond that provided by the GPS TEC data, but these TEC-only errors were already relatively small. However, the ionosonde-only errors were smaller than the relatively large TEC-only errors for Louisvale and Madimbo. Assimilation of ionosonde data did not provide any significant increases in the accuracy of the model values of hmF2 and width of the F2 layer. C1 [McNamara, Leo F.; Bishop, Gregory J.; Welsh, Judith A.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@kirtland.af.mil FU AFWA FX This work was performed as part of an AFRL validation effort in support of AFWA. We greatly appreciate the continuing cooperation provided by Utah State University (Don Thompson) and University of Massachusetts Lowell (Ivan Galkin and Bodo Reinisch). This investigation would not have been possible without the good quality ionograms provided by the RSA Digisonde network operated by the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR 17 PY 2011 VL 46 AR RS2006 DI 10.1029/2010RS004457 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 737XU UT WOS:000288604600001 ER PT J AU Wang, B Callahan, MJ Bouthillette, LO Bliss, DF Look, DC AF Wang, Buguo Callahan, Michael J. Bouthillette, Lionel O. Bliss, David F. Look, David C. TI Electrical, optical, and analytical characterization of bulk hydrothermal ZnO crystals doped with indium SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal crystal growth; Semiconducting II-VI materials; Oxides; Zinc compounds; Doping; Characterization ID DEVICES; GROWTH AB Bulk In-doped ZnO crystals have been grown hydrothermally by adding In2O3 to the normal nutrient. The major growth occurs along the [1 0 -1 0] direction rather than the usual [0 0 0 1] and [000 - 1] directions; thus, a c-plane crystal has a plate-like shape. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements reveal an In concentration of about 1.6 x 10(19) cm(-3) in the bulk, with lesser amounts of Al (2.5 x 10(18)), Ga (1.8 x 10(17)), Fe (6.5 x 10(18)), and Li (1.1 x 10(18)). Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) from the Zn face (0 0 0 1) shows strong, relatively sharp donor-bound exciton (D degrees X) lines at 33609 and 3.3624 eV, attributed to Al and H, respectively, along with much weaker lines at 3.29, 3.22 eV, and 2.35 eV, tentatively assigned, respectively, to a 1-LO-phonon replica of the D X transitions, a donor-acceptor-pair transition, and the usual green band of unknown origin. The D degrees X-related PL from the 0 face (0 00 - 1) is much broader because of significantly higher In, Li, and Fe concentrations; however, it also includes a weak, sharp In degrees X line evidently emanating from the bulk region. The Hall-effect measurements in the range 15-320K reveal an unusual temperature variation of carrier concentration n, mobility mu, and resistivity rho, namely the existence of two flat regions: (1) from 15 to 50 K (n=7.8 x 10(18) cm(-3), mu=48 cm(2)/V s, and rho=0.017 Omega cm) and (2) from 250 to 320 K (n=7.3 x 10(18) cm(-3), mu=83 cm(2)/V s, and rho = 0.010 Omega cm). A mobility analysis based on degenerate electrons gives donor N-D and acceptor N-A concentrations of about 1.5 x 10(19) and 7.5 x 10(18) cm(-3), respectively. Remarkably, within error, N-D approximate to [In]+[AI]+[Ga] and N-A [Fe] + [Li] (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wang, Buguo; Callahan, Michael J.; Bouthillette, Lionel O.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Bliss, David F.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 319 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.01.065 PG 3 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 747SP UT WOS:000289340000001 ER PT J AU Herbold, EB Thadhani, NN Jordan, JL AF Herbold, Eric B. Thadhani, Naresh N. Jordan, Jennifer L. TI Observation of a minimum reaction initiation threshold in ball-milled Ni plus Al under high-rate mechanical loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POWDER MIXTURES; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SHOCK-COMPRESSION AB Two types of microstructurally distinct ball-milled Ni+Al powder compacts are characterized for the investigation of reaction initiation threshold under high-rate mechanical loading using a modified rod-on-anvil Taylor impact-test setup. It is observed that the kinetic energy threshold for reaction decreases to a minimum then increases with milling time. It is also observed that the kinetic energy required for reaction initiation is lower for the 95% theoretical maximum density (TMD) ball-milled powder compacts than for the 65% theoretical maximum density (TMD) compacts. The results are discussed on the basis of competing effects of reactivity enhancement and deformability reduction caused by prior ball-milling of the powder mixtures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549822] C1 [Herbold, Eric B.; Thadhani, Naresh N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jordan, Jennifer L.] USAF, High Explos Res & Dev Branch, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Herbold, EB (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Love Mfg Bldg,771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM herbold1@llnl.gov RI Herbold, Eric/G-3432-2011 OI Herbold, Eric/0000-0002-9837-1824 FU Florida Institute for Research in Energetics (FIRE); Eglin AFB [FA-8651-08-D-0108]; ONR/MURI [N000147-07-1-0740] FX E.B.H. thanks the Florida Institute for Research in Energetics (FIRE) for support, J.M. Scott for ball-mill modifications and Spencer Vore for validating threshold conditions for as-blended powders. This work was supported by Eglin AFB (task-order FA-8651-08-D-0108) contracted to the University of Florida and sub-contracted to the Georgia Tech Research Institute. Partial support provided by ONR/MURI Grant No. N000147-07-1-0740. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 6 AR 066108 DI 10.1063/1.3549822 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 745EY UT WOS:000289149900164 ER PT J AU Kichambare, P Kumar, J Rodrigues, S Kumar, B AF Kichambare, Padmakar Kumar, Jitendra Rodrigues, Stanley Kumar, Binod TI Electrochemical performance of highly mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon cathode in lithium-oxygen batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon; Lithium-air; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Discharge cell capacity; Solid-state lithium-oxygen battery ID ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE; REDUCTION ACTIVITY; AIR BATTERY AB Nitrogen doped carbon with a high surface area was used as cathode electrode in a solid-state lithium-oxygen battery. Various techniques including the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to evaluate the nitrogen functionality on carbon. The electrochemical properties of nitrogen doped carbon as cathode electrode in lithium-oxygen battery were studied using galvanostatic charge-discharge characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The lithium-oxygen cell fabricated with nitrogen doped Ketjenblack-Calgon activated carbon cathode exhibits two times higher discharge cell capacity than that of a cathode composed of only Ketjenblack-Calgon activated carbon. This work shows that the nitrogen functionality on carbon is responsible for the electro-catalytic activity of cathode and an enhancement in cell capacity of lithium-oxygen battery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kichambare, Padmakar; Rodrigues, Stanley] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kumar, Jitendra; Kumar, Binod] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Electrochem Power Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Rodrigues, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Stanley.Rodrigues@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA FX This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA. NR 32 TC 103 Z9 113 U1 14 U2 147 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 6 BP 3310 EP 3316 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.112 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 717PB UT WOS:000287058800048 ER PT J AU Crawford, P Zimmerman, EE AF Crawford, Paul Zimmerman, Ethan E. TI Differentiation and Diagnosis of Tremor SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENT-DISORDERS; PARKINSON-DISEASE; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; PATIENT AB Tremor, an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement of a body part, is the most common movement disorder encountered in clinical practice. Rest tremors occur in a body part that is relaxed and completely supported against gravity. Action tremors occur with voluntary contraction of a muscle and can be further subdivided into postural, isometric, and kinetic tremors. All persons have low-amplitude, high-frequency physiologic tremors at rest and during action that are not reported as symptomatic. The most common pathologic tremor is essential tremor. In one-half of cases, it is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, and it affects 0.4 to 6 percent of the population. More than 70 percent of patients with Parkinson disease have tremor as the presenting feature. This tremor is typically asymmetric, occurs at rest, and becomes less prominent with voluntary movement. Features consistent with psychogenic tremor are abrupt onset, spontaneous remission, changing tremor characteristics, and extinction with distraction. Other types of tremor are cerebellar, dystonic, drug- or metabolic-induced, and orthostatic. The first step in the evaluation of a patient with tremor is to categorize the tremor based on its activation condition, topographic distribution, and frequency. The diagnosis of tremor is based on clinical information obtained from a thorough history and physical examination. For particularly difficult cases, single-photon emission computed tomography to visualize the integrity of the dopaminergic pathways in the brain may be useful to diagnose Parkinson disease. (Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(6):697-702. Copyright (C) 2011 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Crawford, Paul; Zimmerman, Ethan E.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, 99MDOS SGOF,4700 Vegas Blvd N, Las Vegas, NV 89191 USA. EM paul.crawford@nellis.af.mil NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAR 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 BP 697 EP 702 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 979ZM UT WOS:000306863400008 PM 21404980 ER PT J AU Jansen, R Gimelshein, N Gimelshein, S Wysong, I AF Jansen, Ryan Gimelshein, Natalia Gimelshein, Sergey Wysong, Ingrid TI A Lagrangian-Eulerian approach to modeling homogeneous condensation in high density gas expansions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; WATER CLUSTERS; NUCLEATION; DIMERS; PLUME; FRAGMENTATION; COLLISIONS; GROWTH; FLOWS AB A computational approach to homogeneous nucleation is proposed based on Eulerian description of the gas phase expansion coupled with a Lagrangian approach to the cluster formation. A continuum, Euler/Navier-Stokes solver versatile advection code is used to model the gas transport, and a kinetic particle solver is developed in this work to simulate cluster nucleation and growth. Parameters in the new model were adjusted so as to match the known theoretical dimer formation equilibrium constants for the two gases under consideration, argon and water. Reasonable agreement between computed and available experimental data was found in terminal cluster size distributions for nozzle water expansions in a wide range of stagnation pressures. The proposed approach was found to be orders of magnitude faster than a comparable approach based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562370] C1 [Jansen, Ryan] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Gimelshein, Natalia; Gimelshein, Sergey] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Wysong, Ingrid] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Jansen, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gimelshe@usc.edu RI Wysong, Ingrid/E-6592-2011 OI Wysong, Ingrid/0000-0003-0591-6862 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are extremely thankful to Professor Udo Buck for his support and patience in explaining experimental setup and data, and providing additional data on cluster size distributions, Dr. Matthew Braunstein for his help with the water binding energy analysis, and Dr. Y. Scribano for providing additional data for the water dimer equilibrium constant and heat capacity. The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 10 AR 104105 DI 10.1063/1.3562370 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 735EE UT WOS:000288395400008 PM 21405154 ER PT J AU Wrzesinski, PJ Pestov, D Lozovoy, VV Gord, JR Dantus, M Roy, S AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Pestov, Dmitry Lozovoy, Vadim V. Gord, James R. Dantus, Marcos Roy, Sukesh TI Group-velocity-dispersion measurements of atmospheric and combustion-related gases using an ultrabroadband-laser source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; WHITE-LIGHT INTERFEROMETRY; FS-CARS SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; INTERFERENCE; THERMOMETRY; STANDOFF; WATER AB The use of femtosecond-laser sources for the diagnostics of combustion and reacting-flow environments requires detailed knowledge of optical dispersive properties of the medium interacting with the laser beams. Here the second-and third-order dispersion values for nitrogen, oxygen, air, carbon dioxide, ethylene, acetylene, and propane within the 700-900 nm range are reported, along with the pressure dependence of the chromatic dispersion. The effect of dispersion on axial resolution when applied to nonlinear spectroscopy with ultrabroadband pulses is also discussed. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Lozovoy, Vadim V.; Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pestov, Dmitry; Dantus, Marcos] Biophoton Solut Inc, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Wrzesinski, PJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918, FA8650-10-C-2008]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Nos. FA8650-09-C-2918 and FA8650-10-C-2008 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. Tatjana Curcic and Julian Tishkoff, Program Managers). NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 5163 EP 5171 DI 10.1364/OE.19.005163 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741NV UT WOS:000288871300050 PM 21445152 ER PT J AU Xu, QF Soref, R AF Xu, Qianfan Soref, Richard TI Reconfigurable optical directed-logic circuits using microresonator-based optical switches SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CMOS SOI TECHNOLOGY; QUANTUM-DOT LASER; MICRORING RESONATORS; SILICON; MODULATOR; PHOTODETECTORS; INTERCONNECTS; TRANSMISSION AB We present a reconfigurable optical directed logic architecture that offers several significant improvements over the original directed logic presented by Hardy and Shamir. Specific embodiments of on-chip, waveguided, large-scale-integrated, cellular optical directed logic fabrics are proposed and analyzed. Five important logic functions are presented as examples to show that the same switch fabric can be reconfigured to perform different logic functions. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Qianfan] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Soref, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Xu, QF (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6100 Main St,MS 366, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM qianfan@rice.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 14 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 5244 EP 5259 DI 10.1364/OE.19.005244 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741NV UT WOS:000288871300059 PM 21445161 ER PT J AU Marshall, J Cronin, T Wehling, MF AF Marshall, Justin Cronin, Thomas Wehling, Martin F. TI New directions in the detection of polarized light Introduction SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Marshall, Justin] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Cronin, Thomas] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wehling, Martin F.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Marshall, J (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM justin.marshall@uq.edu.au NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 12 PY 2011 VL 366 IS 1565 BP 615 EP 616 DI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0332 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 713FW UT WOS:000286721400002 PM 21282163 ER PT J AU Gudimetla, VSR Riker, JF AF Gudimetla, V. S. Rao Riker, Jim F. TI Moment-matching method for extraction of asymmetric beam jitters and bore sight errors in simulations and experiments with actively illuminated satellites of small physical cross section SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM POINTING PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; LASER; STATISTICS; PARAMETERS; TRACKING; SPECKLE; SIGNAL AB Optical returns from remote resident space-based objects such as satellites suffer from pointing and tracking errors. In a previously reported paper [Appl. Opt. 46, 5608 (2007)], we developed a moment-matching technique that used the statistics of time series of these optical returns to extract information about bore sight and symmetric beam jitter errors (symmetric here implies that the standard deviations of the jitter measured along two orthogonal axes, perpendicular to the line of sight, are equal). In this paper, we extend that method to cover the case of asymmetric beam jitter and bore sight. The asymmetric beam jitter may be due to the combination of symmetric atmospheric turbulence beam jitter and optical beam train jitter. In addition, if a tracking control system is operating, even the residual atmospheric tracking jitter could be asymmetric because the power spectrum is different for the slewing direction compared to the cross-track direction. Analysis of the problem has produced a set of nonlinear equations that can be reduced to a single but much higher-order nonlinear equation in terms of one of the jitter variances. After solving for that jitter, all the equations can be solved to extract all jitter and bore sight errors. The method has been verified by using simulations and then tested on experimental data. In order to develop this method, we derived analytical expressions for the probability density function and the moments of the received total intensity. The results reported here are valid for satellites of small physical cross section, or else those with retroreflectors that dominate the signal return. The results are, in general, applicable to the theory of noncircular Gaussian speckle with a coherent background. C1 [Gudimetla, V. S. Rao] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Riker, Jim F.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gudimetla, VSR (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Detachment 15,535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1124 EP 1135 DI 10.1364/AO.50.001124 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 732QP UT WOS:000288204100008 PM 21394185 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Wu, W Hu, JJ Zhang, MH Voevodin, AA Chow, L Su, M AF Hong, Yan Wu, Wei Hu, Jianjun Zhang, Minghui Voevodin, Andrey A. Chow, Louis Su, Ming TI Controlling super-cooling of encapsulated phase change nanoparticles for enhanced heat transfer SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; DSC AB Adding phase change nanoparticles into fluid enhances heat capacity, but supercooling of nanoparticles requires fluid working with large temperature difference, which limits heat transfer benefit. This Letter describes a method to reduce supercooling by encapsulating indium nanoparticles in non-melting shells of semi-crystalline silica derived from sodium silicate. Not only can the rough surface and matching structure of shells prevent molten cores from leakage or agglomeration, they allow heterogeneous nucleation during, solidification of nanoparticles and reduce supercooling up to 30 degrees C. The operating parameter including overheating, heating and cooling rates can be adjusted to reduce supercooling by 7 degrees C for silica shells derived from tetraethylorthosilicate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hong, Yan; Su, Ming] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Hong, Yan; Wu, Wei; Chow, Louis; Su, Ming] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Hu, Jianjun; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Minghui] Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Inst New Catalyt Mat Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Su, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM mingsu@mail.ucf.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Su, Ming/F-4001-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); National Science Foundation [NSF-CBET-0828466] FX This project has been supported by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and National Science Foundation (No. NSF-CBET-0828466). NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2011 VL 504 IS 4-6 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.01.061 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 730HI UT WOS:000288024000014 ER PT J AU Aliat, A Vedula, P Josyula, E AF Aliat, A. Vedula, P. Josyula, E. TI State-specific dissociation modeling with multiquantum vibration-translation transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RATES; RELAXATION; GASES; FLOW AB An efficient state-specific model of dissociation using a quadrature approach is proposed by considering multiquantum vibration-translation (VT) transitions (between bound and quasibound vibrational levels) according to the forced harmonic oscillator theory. Application of this model to a pure N-2 gas flow behind a plane shock wave shows that dissociation has a large influence on intermediate and higher vibrational levels and is characterized by state-specific incubation distances, before which VT energy exchanges remain the dominant mechanism just behind the shock. C1 [Aliat, A.; Vedula, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Josyula, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Aliat, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM azizaliat@ou.edu; pvedula@ou.edu FU US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); High Performance Technologies Inc. (HPTi); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX P.V. and A.A. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the High Performance Technologies Inc. (HPTi). E.J. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR 9 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 037301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.037301 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 732CY UT WOS:000288162600001 PM 21517630 ER PT J AU Huang, CS de la Beaujardiere, O Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Pfaff, RF Valladares, CE Ballenthin, JO AF Huang, Chao-Song de la Beaujardiere, O. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Pfaff, R. F. Valladares, C. E. Ballenthin, J. O. TI Evolution of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles and formation of broad plasma depletions measured by the C/NOFS satellite during deep solar minimum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE INITIATION; BOTTOMSIDE F-LAYER; SPREAD-F; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; BACKSCATTER PLUMES; IRREGULARITIES; GENERATION; REGION; CAMPAIGN; DRIFTS AB An unexpected feature revealed by the measurements of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite is the presence of broad plasma depletions in the midnight-dawn sector during deep solar minimum. It has not been well understood what causes the broad plasma depletions and how equatorial plasma bubbles are related to the broad depletions. In this paper we present the C/NOFS measurements of equatorial plasma bubbles and broad depletions in a few cases. The ion density perturbations and enhanced ion vertical velocity are first identified in the topside F region at similar to 2200 LT, suggesting that the plasma bubbles start to form earlier at lower altitudes. The observations show that the plasma bubbles observed in the midnight-dawn sector may originate in the evening sector. The plasma bubbles continue growing for more than 3.3 h, and the decay time of the bubbles is also longer than 3.3 h. The continuous growth of the plasma bubbles in the evening sector and the slow decay after midnight determine that most plasma bubbles become fully developed and are easily detected in the midnight-dawn sector. The plasma flow inside the bubbles remains strongly upward throughout the entire nighttime. We propose the following mechanism for the generation of wide plasma bubbles and broad depletions. A series of plasma bubbles is generated through the Rayleigh-Taylor instability process over a large longitudinal range. These plasma bubbles grow and merge to form a wide bubble (width of similar to 700 km as observed), and multiple regular and/or wide bubbles can further merge to form broad plasma depletions (thousands of kilometers in longitude). The ion vertical drift inside each plasma bubble is driven by the polarization electric field and remains large after the bubbles have merged. This mechanism provides a reasonable interpretation of the large upward ion drift velocity inside the broad depletion region. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song; Valladares, C. E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [de la Beaujardiere, O.; Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Ballenthin, J. O.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM chaosong.huang.ctr@hanscom.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0321]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX Work by C. S. H. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research award FA9550-09-1-0321. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03309 DI 10.1029/2010JA015982 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 734JR UT WOS:000288330900002 ER PT J AU Heckman, EM Aga, RS Rossbach, AT Telek, BA Bartsch, CM Grote, JG AF Heckman, Emily M. Aga, Roberto S. Rossbach, Adam T. Telek, Brian A. Bartsch, Carrie M. Grote, James G. TI DNA biopolymer conductive cladding for polymer electro-optic waveguide modulators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FILMS; CHROMOPHORE; PHOTONICS; DEVICES; COMPLEX AB A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer has been studied for use as a conductive cladding layer in polymer electro-optic (EO) waveguide modulators due to its low optical loss and high electrical conductivity relative to its inorganic polymer counterparts. Electric field contact poling measurements using a DNA biopolymer cladding layer with an amorphous polycarbonate/chromophore (APC/CLD1) guest-host system core layer have been made and compared to a UV15 cladding layer. Using the EO coefficient of APC/CLD1 with no cladding layer as a baseline, the DNA biopolymer cladding layer yielded relative poling efficiencies of 96% while the UV15 poling efficiencies were only 51%. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562953] C1 [Heckman, Emily M.; Bartsch, Carrie M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aga, Roberto S.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Rossbach, Adam T.; Telek, Brian A.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM emily.heckman@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 10 AR 103304 DI 10.1063/1.3562953 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 733QH UT WOS:000288277200069 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Troe, J AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. Troe, Juergen TI Electron attachment to POCl3. III. Measurement and kinetic modeling of branching fractions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED PYRAZINE; STATISTICAL ADIABATIC CHANNEL; UNIMOLECULAR BOND FISSION; RATE CONSTANTS K(E,J); TRANSFER PROBABILITIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DELTA-E; TEMPERATURE; DISSOCIATION AB Electron attachment to POCl3 was studied in the bath gas He over the pressure range 0.4-3.1 Torr and the temperature range 300-1210 K. Branching fractions of POCl3-, POCl2-, Cl-, and Cl-2(-) were measured. The results are analyzed by kinetic modeling, using electron attachment theory for the characterization of the nonthermal energy distribution of the excited POCl3-* anions formed and chemical activation-type unimolecular rate theory for the subsequent competition between collisional stabilization of POCl3-* and its dissociation to various dissociation products. Primary and secondary dissociations and/or thermal dissociations of the anions are identified. The measured branching fractions are found to be consistent with the modeling results based on molecular parameters obtained from quantum-chemical calculations. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549139] C1 [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; shoff@gwdg.de FU United States Air Force of Scientific Research [2303EP]; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-10-1-3057]; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX Helpful discussions of this work with H. Hotop and technical help of this work by A. Maergoiz is gratefully acknowledged. The project was funded by the United States Air Force of Scientific Research under Project 2303EP. Financial support by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (Grant Award No. FA8655-10-1-3057) is also gratefully acknowledged. T.M.M. is under contract (No. FA8718-10-C-0002) from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 9 AR 094310 DI 10.1063/1.3549139 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 731DA UT WOS:000288085300031 PM 21384972 ER PT J AU Brown, FM AF Brown, Frank Markham TI On the suppression of variables in Boolean equations SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Boolean equations; Elimination of variables; Suppression of variables; Simplified solutions AB The resultant of suppression of variables from a Boolean equation is a Boolean equation, derived from the parent equation, whose solutions are exactly those of the parent equation that do not involve the suppressed variables. Two examples in the literature are discussed, in which it is necessary to solve a Boolean equation while excluding solutions involving certain variables. In such cases it would be advantageous to solve the resultant of suppression of those variables rather than solving the original equation and filtering the desired solutions from the results. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Sch Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Brown, FM (reprint author), USAF, Sch Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. EM FMBrown@1953.USNA.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD MAR 6 PY 2011 VL 159 IS 5 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.dam.2010.11.013 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 725LP UT WOS:000287646500001 ER PT J AU Burke, RL Vest, KG Eick, AA Sanchez, JL Johns, MC Pavlin, JA Jarman, RG Mothershead, JL Quintana, M Palys, T Cooper, MJ Guan, J Schnabel, D Waitumbi, J Wilma, A Daniels, C Brown, ML Tobias, S Kasper, MR Williams, M Tjaden, JA Oyofo, B Styles, T Blair, PJ Hawksworth, A Montgomery, JM Razuri, H Laguna-Torres, A Schoepp, RJ Norwood, DA MacIntosh, VH Gibbons, T Gray, GC Blazes, DL Russell, KL AF Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Eick, Angelia A. Sanchez, Jose L. Johns, Matthew C. Pavlin, Julie A. Jarman, Richard G. Mothershead, Jerry L. Quintana, Miguel Palys, Thomas Cooper, Michael J. Guan, Jian Schnabel, David Waitumbi, John Wilma, Alisa Daniels, Candelaria Brown, Matthew L. Tobias, Steven Kasper, Matthew R. Williams, Maya Tjaden, Jeffrey A. Oyofo, Buhari Styles, Timothy Blair, Patrick J. Hawksworth, Anthony Montgomery, Joel M. Razuri, Hugo Laguna-Torres, Alberto Schoepp, Randal J. Norwood, David A. MacIntosh, Victor H. Gibbons, Thomas Gray, Gregory C. Blazes, David L. Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Influenza Surveillance TI Department of Defense influenza and other respiratory disease surveillance during the 2009 pandemic SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID PERSONNEL AB The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) supports and oversees surveillance for emerging infectious diseases, including respiratory diseases, of importance to the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD). AFHSC-GEIS accomplishes this mission by providing funding and oversight to a global network of partners for respiratory disease surveillance. This report details the system's surveillance activities during 2009, with a focus on efforts in responding to the novel H1N1 Influenza A (A/H1N1) pandemic and contributions to global public health. Active surveillance networks established by AFHSC-GEIS partners resulted in the initial detection of novel A/H1N1 influenza in the U. S. and several other countries, and viruses isolated from these activities were used as seed strains for the 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine. Partners also provided diagnostic laboratory training and capacity building to host nations to assist with the novel A/H1N1 pandemic global response, adapted a Food and Drug Administration-approved assay for use on a ruggedized polymerase chain reaction platform for diagnosing novel A/H1N1 in remote settings, and provided estimates of seasonal vaccine effectiveness against novel A/H1N1 illness. Regular reporting of the system's worldwide surveillance findings to the global public health community enabled leaders to make informed decisions on disease mitigation measures and controls for the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. AFHSC-GEIS's support of a global network contributes to DoD's force health protection, while supporting global public health. C1 [Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Eick, Angelia A.; Sanchez, Jose L.; Johns, Matthew C.; Blazes, David L.; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.; Jarman, Richard G.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mothershead, Jerry L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Ctr Disaster & Humanitarian Assistance Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Quintana, Miguel] Publ Hlth Reg S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Palys, Thomas] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Area Lab Serv, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Cooper, Michael J.] Publ Hlth Reg Europe, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Guan, Jian] Publ Hlth Reg Pacific, Unit 45006, APO, AE USA. [Schnabel, David; Waitumbi, John] Attent MRU, US Embassy, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Wilma, Alisa; Daniels, Candelaria] US Dept Def, Vet Food Anal & Diagnost Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Brown, Matthew L.] USAMEDDAC Korea, Microbiol Sect, Unit 15244, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Tobias, Steven; Kasper, Matthew R.; Williams, Maya] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Tjaden, Jeffrey A.; Oyofo, Buhari] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Styles, Timothy] USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.; Hawksworth, Anthony] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Montgomery, Joel M.; Razuri, Hugo; Laguna-Torres, Alberto] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Schoepp, Randal J.; Norwood, David A.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [MacIntosh, Victor H.; Gibbons, Thomas] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Emerging Infect Dis Res Unit, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4051, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Influenza Surveillance] Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Buea, Lab Emerging Infect Dis, Buea, Cameroon. Global Viral Proc Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Burke, RL (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Ronald.L.Burke@us.army.mil RI Razuri, Hugo/C-1542-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016; Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Razuri, Hugo/0000-0003-4571-5520; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S6 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900006 PM 21388566 ER PT J AU DeFraites, RF AF DeFraites, Robert F. TI The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center: enhancing the Military Health System's public health capabilities SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB Since its establishment in February 2008, the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) has embarked on a number of initiatives and projects in collaboration with a variety of agencies in the Department of Defense (DoD), other organizations within the federal government, and non-governmental partners. In 2009, the outbreak of pandemic H1N1 influenza attracted the major focus of the center, although notable advances were accomplished in other areas of interest, such as deployment health, mental health and traumatic brain injury surveillance. C1 USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP DeFraites, RF (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Robert.DeFraites@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S1 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S1 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900001 PM 21388560 ER PT J AU Fukuda, MM Klein, TA Kochel, T Quandelacy, TM Smith, BL Villinski, J Bethell, D Tyner, S Se, Y Lon, C Saunders, D Johnson, J Wagar, E Walsh, D Kasper, M Sanchez, JL Witt, CJ Cheng, Q Waters, N Shrestha, SK Pavlin, JA Lescano, AG Graf, PCF Richardson, JH Durand, S Rogers, WO Blazes, DL Russell, KL AF Fukuda, Mark M. Klein, Terry A. Kochel, Tadeusz Quandelacy, Talia M. Smith, Bryan L. Villinski, Jeff Bethell, Delia Tyner, Stuart Se, Youry Lon, Chanthap Saunders, David Johnson, Jacob Wagar, Eric Walsh, Douglas Kasper, Matthew Sanchez, Jose L. Witt, Clara J. Cheng, Qin Waters, Norman Shrestha, Sanjaya K. Pavlin, Julie A. Lescano, Andres G. Graf, Paul C. F. Richardson, Jason H. Durand, Salomon Rogers, William O. Blazes, David L. Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Malaria & Vector Borne TI Malaria and other vector-borne infection surveillance in the US Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance program: review of 2009 accomplishments SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RESISTANT MALARIA; HANTAVIRUS; CAMBODIA; DISEASES; DENGUE; VIRUS; KOREA; COMBINATIONS AB Vector-borne infections (VBI) are defined as infectious diseases transmitted by the bite or mechanical transfer of arthropod vectors. They constitute a significant proportion of the global infectious disease burden. United States (U. S.) Department of Defense (DoD) personnel are especially vulnerable to VBIs due to occupational contact with arthropod vectors, immunological naivete to previously unencountered pathogens, and limited diagnostic and treatment options available in the austere and unstable environments sometimes associated with military operations. In addition to the risk uniquely encountered by military populations, other factors have driven the worldwide emergence of VBIs. Unprecedented levels of global travel, tourism and trade, and blurred lines of demarcation between zoonotic VBI reservoirs and human populations increase vector exposure. Urban growth in previously undeveloped regions and perturbations in global weather patterns also contribute to the rise of VBIs. The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) and its partners at DoD overseas laboratories form a network to better characterize the nature, emergence and growth of VBIs globally. In 2009 the network tested 19,730 specimens from 25 sites for Plasmodium species and malaria drug resistance phenotypes and nearly another 10,000 samples to determine the etiologies of non-Plasmodium species VBIs from regions spanning from Oceania to Africa, South America, and northeast, south and Southeast Asia. This review describes recent VBI-related epidemiological studies conducted by AFHSC-GEIS partner laboratories within the OCONUS DoD laboratory network emphasizing their impact on human populations. C1 [Fukuda, Mark M.; Quandelacy, Talia M.; Sanchez, Jose L.; Witt, Clara J.; Blazes, David L.; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Klein, Terry A.] Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Lescano, Andres G.; Graf, Paul C. F.; Durand, Salomon] Ctr Med Naval CMST, US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment NMRCD, Lima, Peru. [Bethell, Delia; Tyner, Stuart; Se, Youry; Lon, Chanthap; Saunders, David; Shrestha, Sanjaya K.; Pavlin, Julie A.; Richardson, Jason H.] USA, Med Component Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. [Villinski, Jeff; Johnson, Jacob] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, ATTN MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Wagar, Eric; Walsh, Douglas] US Naval Med Res Unit, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Kasper, Matthew; Rogers, William O.] US Embassy, US Navy Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8166, APO, AP 96546 USA. [Cheng, Qin; Waters, Norman] Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4051, Australia. [AFHSC-GEIS Malaria & Vector Borne] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fukuda, MM (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 2900 Linden Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.m.fukuda@us.army.mil RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014; OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Graf, Paul/0000-0002-1094-7498; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660; durand, salomon/0000-0002-5923-8879 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007393, D43 TW007393-06] NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S9 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S9 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900009 PM 21388569 ER PT J AU Johns, MC Burke, RL Vest, KG Fukuda, M Pavlin, JA Shrestha, SK Schnabel, DC Tobias, S Tjaden, JA Montgomery, JM Faix, DJ Duffy, MR Cooper, MJ Sanchez, JL Blazes, DL AF Johns, Matthew C. Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Fukuda, Mark Pavlin, Julie A. Shrestha, Sanjaya K. Schnabel, David C. Tobias, Steven Tjaden, Jeffrey A. Montgomery, Joel M. Faix, Dennis J. Duffy, Mark R. Cooper, Michael J. Sanchez, Jose L. Blazes, David L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Outbreak Response TI A growing global network's role in outbreak response: AFHSC-GEIS 2008-2009 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID COUNTRIES AB A cornerstone of effective disease surveillance programs comprises the early identification of infectious threats and the subsequent rapid response to prevent further spread. Effectively identifying, tracking and responding to these threats is often difficult and requires international cooperation due to the rapidity with which diseases cross national borders and spread throughout the global community as a result of travel and migration by humans and animals. From Oct. 1, 2008 to Sept. 30, 2009, the United States Department of Defense's (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) identified 76 outbreaks in 53 countries. Emerging infectious disease outbreaks were identified by the global network and included a wide spectrum of support activities in collaboration with host country partners, several of which were in direct support of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005). The network also supported military forces around the world affected by the novel influenza A/H1N1 pandemic of 2009. With IHR (2005) as the guiding framework for action, the AFHSC-GEIS network of international partners and overseas research laboratories continues to develop into a far-reaching system for identifying, analyzing and responding to emerging disease threats. C1 [Johns, Matthew C.; Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Fukuda, Mark; Sanchez, Jose L.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Shrestha, Sanjaya K.] US Embassy, Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Schnabel, David C.] US Embassy, Attn MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Tobias, Steven] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Tjaden, Jeffrey A.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Montgomery, Joel M.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment Peru, Lima, Peru. [Faix, Dennis J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Duffy, Mark R.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Cooper, Michael J.; AFHSC-GEIS Outbreak Response] US Publ Hlth Command Provis Publ Hlth Reg Europe, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Johns, MC (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM Matthew.C.Johns@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S3 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900003 PM 21388563 ER PT J AU Meyer, WG Pavlin, JA Hospenthal, D Murray, CK Jerke, K Hawksworth, A Metzgar, D Myers, T Walsh, D Wu, M Ergas, R Chukwuma, U Tobias, S Klena, J Nakhla, I Talaat, M Maves, R Ellis, M Wortmann, G Blazes, DL Lindler, L AF Meyer, William G. Pavlin, Julie A. Hospenthal, Duane Murray, Clinton K. Jerke, Kurt Hawksworth, Anthony Metzgar, David Myers, Todd Walsh, Douglas Wu, Max Ergas, Rosa Chukwuma, Uzo Tobias, Steven Klena, John Nakhla, Isabelle Talaat, Maha Maves, Ryan Ellis, Michael Wortmann, Glenn Blazes, David L. Lindler, Luther TI Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the AFHSC-GEIS network SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID SUSCEPTIBILITIES; LEPTOSPIRA AB International infectious disease surveillance has been conducted by the United States (U. S.) Department of Defense (DoD) for many years and has been consolidated within the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) since 1998. This includes activities that monitor the presence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens. AFHSC-GEIS partners work within DoD military treatment facilities and collaborate with host-nation civilian and military clinics, hospitals and university systems. The goals of these activities are to foster military force health protection and medical diplomacy. Surveillance activities include both community-acquired and health care-associated infections and have promoted the development of surveillance networks, centers of excellence and referral laboratories. Information technology applications have been utilized increasingly to aid in DoD-wide global surveillance for diseases significant to force health protection and global public health. This section documents the accomplishments and activities of the network through AFHSC-GEIS partners in 2009. C1 [Meyer, William G.; Blazes, David L.; Lindler, Luther] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Hospenthal, Duane] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Jerke, Kurt] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Hawksworth, Anthony; Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Myers, Todd] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Walsh, Douglas; Wu, Max] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, ATTN MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Ergas, Rosa; Chukwuma, Uzo] USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Ergas, Rosa; Chukwuma, Uzo] Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Tobias, Steven] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Klena, John; Nakhla, Isabelle; Talaat, Maha] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Maves, Ryan] Ctr Med Naval CMST, US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Ellis, Michael; Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Meyer, WG (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM william.meyer6@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S8 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900008 PM 21388568 ER PT J AU Money, NN Maves, RC Sebeny, P Kasper, MR Riddle, MS AF Money, Nisha N. Maves, Ryan C. Sebeny, Peter Kasper, Matthew R. Riddle, Mark S. CA AFHSC-GEIS Enteric Surveillance TI Enteric disease surveillance under the AFHSC-GEIS: Current efforts, landscape analysis and vision forward SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STATES-MILITARY PERSONNEL; OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; NORWALK-LIKE-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; EGYPTIAN CHILDREN; ENDURING FREEDOM; US MILITARY AB The mission of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) is to support global public health and to counter infectious disease threats to the United States Armed Forces, including newly identified agents or those increasing in incidence. Enteric diseases are a growing threat to U. S. forces, which must be ready to deploy to austere environments where the risk of exposure to enteropathogens may be significant and where routine prevention efforts may be impractical. In this report, the authors review the recent activities of AFHSC-GEIS partner laboratories in regards to enteric disease surveillance, prevention and response. Each partner identified recent accomplishments, including support for regional networks. AFHSC/GEIS partners also completed a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) survey as part of a landscape analysis of global enteric surveillance efforts. The current strengths of this network include excellent laboratory infrastructure, equipment and personnel that provide the opportunity for high-quality epidemiological studies and test platforms for point-of-care diagnostics. Weaknesses include inconsistent guidance and a splintered reporting system that hampers the comparison of data across regions or longitudinally. The newly chartered Enterics Surveillance Steering Committee (ESSC) is intended to provide clear mission guidance, a structured project review process, and central data management and analysis in support of rationally directed enteric disease surveillance efforts. C1 [Riddle, Mark S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Money, Nisha N.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Maves, Ryan C.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Sebeny, Peter] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Kasper, Matthew R.] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. US Embassy, USAMRU K, Attent MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [AFHSC-GEIS Enteric Surveillance] USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.riddle@med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S7 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S7 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900007 PM 21388567 ER PT J AU Otto, JL Baliga, P Sanchez, JL Johns, MC Gray, GC Grieco, J Lescano, AG Mothershead, JL Wagar, EJ Blazes, DL AF Otto, Jean L. Baliga, Priya Sanchez, Jose L. Johns, Matthew C. Gray, Gregory C. Grieco, John Lescano, Andres G. Mothershead, Jerry L. Wagar, Eric J. Blazes, David L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Training Writing Grp TI Training initiatives within the AFHSC-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: support for IHR (2005) SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB Training is a key component of building capacity for public health surveillance and response, but has often been difficult to quantify. During fiscal 2009, the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) supported 18 partner organizations in conducting 123 training initiatives in 40 countries for 3,130 U.S. military, civilian and host-country personnel. The training assisted with supporting compliance with International Health Regulations, IHR (2005). Training activities in pandemic preparedness, outbreak investigation and response, emerging infectious disease (EID) surveillance and pathogen diagnostic techniques were expanded significantly. By engaging local health and other government officials and civilian institutions, the U.S. military's role as a key stakeholder in global public health has been strengthened and has contributed to EID-related surveillance, research and capacity-building initiatives specified elsewhere in this issue. Public health and emerging infections surveillance training accomplished by AFHSC-GEIS and its Department of Defense (DoD) partners during fiscal 2009 will be tabulated and described. C1 [Otto, Jean L.; Baliga, Priya; Sanchez, Jose L.; Johns, Matthew C.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Lescano, Andres G.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Mothershead, Jerry L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Disaster & Humanitarian Assistance Med, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wagar, Eric J.] Attent MRU, US Embassy, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. Makerere Univ, Walter Reed Project, Influenza Res Programme, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Iowa, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Coralville, IA 52241 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Med Brigade USAMEDDAC Korea, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. Publ Hlth Reg Europe, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Pacific AF, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. Univ Buea, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Fac Sci, Buea, South Western, Cameroon. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Publ Hlth Reg S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Training Writing Grp] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. RP Baliga, P (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM priya.baliga@us.army.mil RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007393, D43 TW007393-06] NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S5 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S5 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900005 PM 21388565 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Rubenstein, J Burke, RL Vest, KG Johns, MC Sanchez, JL Meyer, W Fukuda, MM Blazes, DL AF Russell, Kevin L. Rubenstein, Jennifer Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Johns, Matthew C. Sanchez, Jose L. Meyer, William Fukuda, Mark M. Blazes, David L. TI The Global Emerging Infection Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), a US government tool for improved global biosurveillance: a review of 2009 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID MILITARY RESEARCH PROGRAMS AB The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) has the mission of performing surveillance for emerging infectious diseases that could affect the United States (U.S.) military. This mission is accomplished by orchestrating a global portfolio of surveillance projects, capacity-building efforts, outbreak investigations and training exercises. In 2009, this portfolio involved 39 funded partners, impacting 92 countries. This article discusses the current biosurveillance landscape, programmatic details of organization and implementation, and key contributions to force health protection and global public health in 2009. C1 [Russell, Kevin L.; Rubenstein, Jennifer; Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Johns, Matthew C.; Sanchez, Jose L.; Meyer, William; Fukuda, Mark M.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM Kevin.Russell4@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S2 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S2 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900002 PM 21388562 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Johns, MC Burke, RL Vest, KG Fukuda, MM Yoon, IK Lon, C Quintana, M Schnabel, DC Pimentel, G Mansour, M Tobias, S Montgomery, JM Gray, GC Saylors, K Ndip, LM Lewis, S Blair, PJ Sjoberg, PA Kuschner, RA Russell, KL Blazes, DL AF Sanchez, Jose L. Johns, Matthew C. Burke, Ronald L. Vest, Kelly G. Fukuda, Mark M. Yoon, In-Kyu Lon, Chanthap Quintana, Miguel Schnabel, David C. Pimentel, Guillermo Mansour, Moustafa Tobias, Steven Montgomery, Joel M. Gray, Gregory C. Saylors, Karen Ndip, Lucy M. Lewis, Sheri Blair, Patrick J. Sjoberg, Paul A. Kuschner, Robert A. Russell, Kevin L. Blazes, David L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Capacity Bldg Writing TI Capacity-building efforts by the AFHSC-GEIS program SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID HEALTH; SYSTEM AB Capacity-building initiatives related to public health are defined as developing laboratory infrastructure, strengthening host-country disease surveillance initiatives, transferring technical expertise and training personnel. These initiatives represented a major piece of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) contributions to worldwide emerging infectious disease (EID) surveillance and response. Capacity-building initiatives were undertaken with over 80 local and regional Ministries of Health, Agriculture and Defense, as well as other government entities and institutions worldwide. The efforts supported at least 52 national influenza centers and other country-specific influenza, regional and U.S.-based EID reference laboratories (44 civilian, eight military) in 46 countries worldwide. Equally important, reference testing, laboratory infrastructure and equipment support was provided to over 500 field sites in 74 countries worldwide from October 2008 to September 2009. These activities allowed countries to better meet the milestones of implementation of the 2005 International Health Regulations and complemented many initiatives undertaken by other U.S. government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Department of State. C1 [Sanchez, Jose L.; Johns, Matthew C.; Burke, Ronald L.; Vest, Kelly G.; Fukuda, Mark M.; Russell, Kevin L.; Blazes, David L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fukuda, Mark M.; Yoon, In-Kyu; Lon, Chanthap] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Quintana, Miguel] USA, Publ Hlth Command Reg S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Schnabel, David C.] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Attn MRU, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Pimentel, Guillermo; Mansour, Moustafa] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. [Tobias, Steven] Kompleks Pergudangan DEPKES RI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. [Montgomery, Joel M.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment Peru, Lima, Peru. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Saylors, Karen] Global Viral Forecasting Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Ndip, Lucy M.] Univ Buea, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Fac Sci, Buea, South Western, Cameroon. [Lewis, Sheri] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Sjoberg, Paul A.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Publ Hlth & Prevent Med Dept, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Kuschner, Robert A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. Makerere Univ, Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Fac Vet Med & Med, Kampala, Uganda. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. PharmAccess Fdn, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Peoples Def Forces, Def Forces Headquarters Med Serv, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. USA, Med Dept Act & Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Publ Hlth Command Reg Europe, APO, AE 09180 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Capacity Bldg Writing] USA, Publ Hlth Command Reg Pacific, Unit 45006, APO, AP 96343 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Toti.Sanchez@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014; OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586; Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900004 PM 21388564 ER PT J AU Witt, CJ Richards, AL Masuoka, PM Foley, DH Buczak, AL Musila, LA Richardson, JH Colacicco-Mayhugh, MG Rueda, LM Klein, TA Anyamba, A Small, J Pavlin, JA Fukuda, MM Gaydos, J Russell, KL AF Witt, Clara J. Richards, Allen L. Masuoka, Penny M. Foley, Desmond H. Buczak, Anna L. Musila, Lillian A. Richardson, Jason H. Colacicco-Mayhugh, Michelle G. Rueda, Leopoldo M. Klein, Terry A. Anyamba, Assaf Small, Jennifer Pavlin, Julie A. Fukuda, Mark M. Gaydos, Joel Russell, Kevin L. CA AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance TI The AFHSC-Division of GEIS Operations Predictive Surveillance Program: a multidisciplinary approach for the early detection and response to disease outbreaks SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID REPUBLIC-OF-KOREA; RIFT-VALLEY; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; BARINGO DISTRICT; UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENYA; HANTAVIRUS AB The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Operations (AFHSC-GEIS) initiated a coordinated, multidisciplinary program to link data sets and information derived from eco-climatic remote sensing activities, ecologic niche modeling, arthropod vector, animal disease-host/reservoir, and human disease surveillance for febrile illnesses, into a predictive surveillance program that generates advisories and alerts on emerging infectious disease outbreaks. The program's ultimate goal is pro-active public health practice through pre-event preparedness, prevention and control, and response decision-making and prioritization. This multidisciplinary program is rooted in over 10 years experience in predictive surveillance for Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Eastern Africa. The AFHSC-GEIS Rift Valley fever project is based on the identification and use of disease-emergence critical detection points as reliable signals for increased outbreak risk. The AFHSC-GEIS predictive surveillance program has formalized the Rift Valley fever project into a structured template for extending predictive surveillance capability to other Department of Defense (DoD)-priority vector-and water-borne, and zoonotic diseases and geographic areas. These include leishmaniasis, malaria, and Crimea-Congo and other viral hemorrhagic fevers in Central Asia and Africa, dengue fever in Asia and the Americas, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and chikungunya fever in Asia, and rickettsial and other tick-borne infections in the U. S., Africa and Asia. C1 [Witt, Clara J.; Fukuda, Mark M.; Gaydos, Joel; Russell, Kevin L.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Rickettsial Dis Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richards, Allen L.; Masuoka, Penny M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Foley, Desmond H.; Colacicco-Mayhugh, Michelle G.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Buczak, Anna L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Musila, Lillian A.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Musila, Lillian A.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Richardson, Jason H.; Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Klein, Terry A.] Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, GIMMS Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Marine Corps Public Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 11517, Egypt. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Dept Entomol & Vector Borne Dis, Kisumu Unit 8900, APO, AE 09831 USA. [AFHSC-GEIS Predictive Surveillance] Komplek P2M PLP LITBANGKES JI, Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Ctr Med Naval CEMENA, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Witt, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM clara.witt@us.army.mil RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 2 AR S10 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S2-S10 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WT UT WOS:000290279900010 PM 21388561 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Roslyak, O AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Roslyak, O. TI Field-enhanced electron mobility by nonlinear phonon scattering of Dirac electrons in semiconducting graphene nanoribbons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IMPURITY SCATTERING; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE AB The calculated electron mobility for a graphene nanoribbon as a function of applied electric field has been found to have a large threshold field for entering a nonlinear transport regime. This field depends on the lattice temperature, electron density, impurity scattering strength, nanoribbon width, and correlation length for the line-edge roughness. An enhanced electron mobility beyond this threshold has been observed, which is related to the initially-heated electrons in high energy states with a larger group velocity. However, this mobility enhancement quickly reaches a maximum due to the Fermi velocity in graphene and the dramatically increased phonon scattering. Superlinear and sublinear temperature dependence of mobility seen in the linear and nonlinear transport regimes. By analyzing the calculated nonequilibrium electron distribution function, this difference is attributed separately to the results of sweeping electrons from the right Fermi edge to the left one through the elastic scattering and moving electrons from low-energy states to high-energy ones through field-induced electron heating. The threshold field is pushed up by a decreased correlation length in the high-field regime and is further accompanied by a reduced magnitude in the mobility enhancement. This implies an anomalous high-field increase of the line-edge roughness scattering with decreasing correlation length due to the occupation of high-energy states by field-induced electron heating. C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Roslyak, O.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by Contract No. FA 9453-07-C-0207 of the AFRL. D. H. would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 4 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 11 AR 115405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115405 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 730BN UT WOS:000288004000014 ER PT J AU Kuo, S Snyder, A Mishin, E Kossey, P Battis, J AF Kuo, Spencer Snyder, Arnold Mishin, Evgeny Kossey, Paul Battis, James TI Ionospheric modification from under-dense heating by high-power HF transmitter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DECAY INSTABILITY AB Under-dense HF heating experiments were conducted near local solar noon as well as in the nighttime with the HF heater transmitting at 9.1 MHz directed along the geomagnetic zenith and run at 2 min on and 2 min off. The effective isotropic radiated power of the HF transmitter exceeded 3 GW. The Digisonde operated in a fast mode was used to monitor the temporal evolution of the ionospheric electron density distributions in the bottomside of the ionosphere (in the ranges from 90 to 190 km in the noontime and from 230 to 350 km in the nighttime). The electron temperature distributions were then evaluated. The results show that the electron density distributions are modified continuously over the experimental periods. In the noontime, the electron density decreases/increases in time in the region below/above a height at about 140 km, manifesting the change of the balance between the photoionization and the electron-ion recombination and the electron-oxygen dissociative attachment losses by the heating. In the nighttime, the ionosphere was lifted by 30 to 50 km through continuously upward expansion, resulting in the drop of the electron density in the bottomside of the ionosphere in time. A comparison with the ionogram, height, and electron density distribution of unheated ionosphere with similar background conditions further elaborates the observation of thermal expansion. C1 [Kuo, Spencer] Polytech Inst New York, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Mishin, Evgeny; Kossey, Paul; Battis, James] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Snyder, Arnold] NW Res Associates, Stockton Springs, ME 04981 USA. RP Kuo, S (reprint author), Polytech Inst New York, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 MetroTech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM skuo@duke.poly.edu FU AFRL at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts; Office of Naval Research [ONR-N00014-10-1-0856]; NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. FX We are grateful to Bodo Reinisch and his team members Vadym (Dima) Paznukhov, Ryan Hamel, and Ivan Galkin for the Digisonde support and to James Secan for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), AFRL at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, and by the Office of Naval Research, grant ONR-N00014-10-1-0856. Part of the financial support was arranged through NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03304 DI 10.1029/2010JA016244 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731CR UT WOS:000288084400007 ER PT J AU Ramsburg, CA Christ, JA Douglas, SR Boroumand, A AF Ramsburg, C. Andrew Christ, John A. Douglas, Scott R. Boroumand, Ali TI Analytical modeling of degradation product partitioning kinetics in source zones containing entrapped DNAPL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; UNIFAC GROUP CONTRIBUTION; MASS-TRANSFER RATES; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; ORGANIC LIQUID; DISSOLUTION AB Liquid-liquid equilibrium experiments indicate that there is a strong thermodynamic driving force for the reversible sequestration of cis-dichloroethene (DCE) within microbially active dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones containing chlorinated ethene solvents. Assessment of the importance of degradation product sequestration, however, requires accurate description of the mass transfer kinetics. Partitioning kinetics of cis-DCE were assessed in a series of transport experiments conducted in sandy columns containing uniformly entrapped tetrachloroethene (PCE)-nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL). Effluent data from these experiments were simulated using an analytical solution adapted from the sorption literature. The solution permits interrogation of the relative importance of mass transfer resistance in the aqueous phase and NAPL. Column data and simulations suggest that the kinetic exchange of cis-DCE may be described with mass transfer correlations developed for the dissolution of pure component NAPLs. Diffusive transport within the entrapped ganglia was relatively fast, offering limited resistance to mass exchange. These results (1) establish the applicability of dissolution-based mass transfer correlations for modeling both absorption and dissolution of degradation products, (2) quantify the thermodynamic driving force for the partitioning of cis-DCE in PCE-NAPL by assessing the ternary phase behavior, and (3) guide incorporation and deployment of partitioning kinetics into multiphase compositional simulators when assessing or designing metabolic reductive dechlorination within DNAPL source zones. While focus is placed on examining degradation product partitioning in DNAPL source zones, results may also be useful when considering rate limitations in other liquid-liquid partitioning processes, such as partitioning tracer tests. C1 [Ramsburg, C. Andrew; Boroumand, Ali] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Douglas, Scott R.] Geosyntec Consultants, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Ramsburg, CA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Coll Ave,Rm 113,Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM andrew.ramsburg@tufts.edu; sdouglas@geosyntec.com RI Ramsburg, Andrew/A-8532-2008 OI Ramsburg, Andrew/0000-0002-7138-6575 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0711344, EAR 0711450] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Ms. Christine Thornton and Ms. Katherine Muller. The authors also wish to acknowledge the constructive comments provided by the anonymous reviewers. Support for this project was provided by National Science Foundation Awards EAR 0711344 and EAR 0711450. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 2 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W03507 DI 10.1029/2010WR009958 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 731CI UT WOS:000288083500003 ER PT J AU Torres, D Jones, FJ Shaw, J Williams, C Ward, JA Harrison, SA AF Torres, D. Jones, F. J. Shaw, J. Williams, C. Ward, J. A. Harrison, S. A. TI OPEN-LABEL PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED 48 WEEK CLINICAL TRIAL: ROSIGLITAZONE VERSUS ROSIGLITAZONE AND METFORMIN (AVANDAMET) VERSUS ROSIGLITAZONE AND LOSARTAN IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver (EASL) CY 2011 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Assoc Study Liver (EASL) C1 [Torres, D.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Jones, F. J.; Shaw, J.; Williams, C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ward, J. A.; Harrison, S. A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. EM frances.jones1@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 MA 15 BP S7 EP S8 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 856GC UT WOS:000297625600016 ER PT J AU Jordan, NN Lee, SE Nowak, G Johns, NM Gaydos, JC AF Jordan, Nikki N. Lee, Seung-eun Nowak, Gosia Johns, Natalie M. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Chlamydia trachomatis Reported Among US Active Duty Service Members, 2000-2008 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; FEMALE ARMY RECRUITS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSES; SOLDIERS; WOMEN; RATES AB Objectives: To review reported chlamydia infection trends in the U.S. military and identify reasons for differences. Methods: Defense Medical Surveillance System 2000-2008 reports for nondeployed, active duty members were studied. Incidence, rate ratios, and confidence intervals were generated. Age- and gender-specific rates were compared with US national rates. Screening and reporting policies and procedures were reviewed. Results: Overall incidence was 922 cases per 100,000 person-years, with considerable service variability (392-1,431 cases per 100,000 person-years in the Navy and Army, respectively). Navy-Marine Corps rates increased more than 2 fold in 2008. Rates were higher among women, minorities, and members under 25 years. Military rates exceeded national rates. Conclusions: The 2008 increase in Navy-Marine Corps rates may be due to the implementation of web-based reporting. Demographic differences were consistent with published reports. The civilian military disparity may reflect higher percentages of military at-risk women screened. C1 [Jordan, Nikki N.] USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Lee, Seung-eun; Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nowak, Gosia] USN, Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Johns, Natalie M.] USAF, Med Support Agcy, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Jordan, NN (reprint author), USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 312 EP 319 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000014 PM 21456359 ER PT J AU Rabin, J Gooch, J Ivan, D Harvey, R Aaron, M AF Rabin, Jeff Gooch, John Ivan, Douglas Harvey, Richard Aaron, Michelle TI Beyond 20/20: New Clinical Methods to Quantify Vision Performance SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LETTER CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; VISUAL-ACUITY; COLOR-VISION; REFRACTIVE ERROR; RESOLUTION; DOMAIN AB Objective: To describe the design, the sensitivity, and the application of new methods to quantify visual performance. Methods: The super vision test night vision goggle (SVT-NVG) is a new clinical letter chart that measures high- and low-contrast vision under daytime and simulated night conditions. The cone contrast test (CCT) is a computer-based color test that readily diagnoses type and severity of color deficiency. Results: The SVT-NVG reveals subtle decrements from normal not detected by standard visual acuity. The CCT shows 100% sensitivity for the detection of hereditary red or green color deficiency and reveals acquired deficiency as an early sign of disease. Conclusions: The SVT-NVG and CCT provide rapid, sensitive indices of color and spatial vision potentially linkable to real-world operational demands. C1 [Rabin, Jeff; Gooch, John; Ivan, Douglas; Harvey, Richard; Aaron, Michelle] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Ophthalmol Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Rabin, J (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Ophthalmol Branch, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 324 EP 326 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000016 PM 21456361 ER PT J AU Allan, PF Bloom, BB Wanek, S AF Allan, Patrick F. Bloom, Brian B. Wanek, Sandra TI Reversal of Hemorrhagic Shock-Associated Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury With N-acetylcysteine SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIVER AB Background: The underpinning pathophysiology, prevalence, and clinical relevance particular to hemorrhagic shock-induced liver damage have been explored only recently. Importantly, several investigators have revealed that an aberrant periportal endothelial response, characterized by the early release of oxidizing mediators, perpetuates and eventually amplifies the extent of hepatic reperfusion injury. Case: We present a case that illustrates the clinical impact of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and a potential means of ameliorating the attendant self-propagating hepatic destruction. Conclusion: Reversal of hemorrhagic shock may lead to the induction of a hepatic oxidation response with a resultant furthering of liver injury. Antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine may represent a tolerable and logical means of attenuating the aberrant oxidant cascade and stabilizing or reversing ischemic reperfusion hepatopathy. C1 [Allan, Patrick F.; Bloom, Brian B.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wanek, Sandra] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Surg & Crit Care, D-09180 Apo Ae, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Allan, PF (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 332 EP 335 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000018 PM 21456363 ER PT J AU Jones, R Kundrotas, L AF Jones, Ronald Kundrotas, Leon TI "HOOAH!" A Case of Pneumomediastinum in the Military Training Environment; Hamman's Sign 71 Years Later SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA; ADULT PATIENTS; COMPLICATION; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT AB A previously healthy 20-year-old male trainee developed chest pain, shortness of breath, and neck pain after repeatedly shouting "Hooah!" during a motivational squad competition. He was found to have developed a pneumomediastinum with soft tissue crepitus of the neck. He had an uneventful recovery. Unique to the military training environment, vigorous shouting, including "Hooah!" as a motivational stimulus, can have barotraumatic consequences. The term "spontaneous" as applied to a pneumomediastinum diagnosis is examined and the auscultatory finding of "Hamman's sign" is reviewed. C1 [Jones, Ronald] 3rd MDW MDOS, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. [Kundrotas, Leon] WHMC USAF Med Ctr, MDW MDOS 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jones, R (reprint author), 3rd MDW MDOS, 5955 Zeamer Ave, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BN UT WOS:000295246000022 PM 21456367 ER PT J AU Brennan, J Gibbons, MD Lopez, M Hayes, D Faulkner, J Eller, RL Barton, C AF Brennan, Joseph Gibbons, Mark D. Lopez, Manuel Hayes, David Faulkner, Jeffrey Eller, Robert L. Barton, Chester TI Traumatic Airway Management in Operation Iraqi Freedom SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting and OTO EXPO CY SEP 25-29, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP AAO, HNSF DE airway; trauma; airway algorithm; traumatic airway management; Operation Iraqi Freedom ID PENETRATING NECK INJURIES; ENDURING-FREEDOM; GUNSHOT WOUNDS; LARYNGEAL TRAUMA; FACE; DEATH AB Objectives. To examine the role of head and neck surgeons in traumatic airway management in Operation Iraqi Freedom and to understand the lessons learned in traumatic airway management to include a simple airway triage classification that will guide surgical management. Study Design. Case series with chart review. Setting. Air Force Theater Hospital at Balad Air Base, Iraq. Subjects and Methods. The traumatic airway experience of 6 otolaryngologists/head and neck surgeons deployed over a 30-month period in Iraq was retrospectively reviewed. Results. One hundred and ninety-six patients presented with airway compromise necessitating either intubation or placement of a surgical airway over the 30-month timeframe. Penetrating face trauma (46%) and penetrating neck trauma (31%) were the most common mechanisms of injury necessitating airway control. The traumatic airways performed include 183 tracheotomies, 3 cricothyroidotomies, 9 complicated intubations, and 1 stoma placement. Red or emergent airways were performed in 10% of patients, yellow or delayed airways in 58% of patients, and green or elective airways in 32% of patients. Lastly, surgical repair of the laryngotracheal complex was performed in 25 patients with 16 thyroid cartilage repairs, 4 cricoid repairs, and 8 tracheal repairs. Conclusions. The role of the deployed otolaryngologist in traumatic airway management was crucial. Potentially lifesaving airways (red/yellow airways) were placed in 68% of the patients. The authors' recommended treatment classification should optimize future traumatic airway management by stratifying traumatic airways into red (airway less than 5 minutes), yellow (airway less than 12 hours), or green categories (airway greater than 12 hours). C1 [Brennan, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Gibbons, Mark D.] Darnall Army Med Ctr, Ft Hood, TX USA. [Lopez, Manuel; Hayes, David; Eller, Robert L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Faulkner, Jeffrey] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Barton, Chester] US AF Acad Hosp, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Brennan, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,59 MDW SG020, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Joseph.brennan@lackland.af.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 3 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1177/0194599810392666 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 808RZ UT WOS:000293997400008 PM 21493199 ER PT J AU McCleskey, MP Clark, CS AF McCleskey, Maj Patrick Clark, Capt Sarah TI Contact Dermatitis from a Polyurethane Dialysis Catheter SO DERMATITIS LA English DT Letter C1 Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. [McCleskey, Maj Patrick; Clark, Capt Sarah] USAF, MC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCleskey, MP (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol SGOMD, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM patrick.mccleskey@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1710-3568 EI 2162-5220 J9 DERMATITIS JI Dermatitis PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 123 EP 124 DI 10.2310/6620.2011.11002 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 768XS UT WOS:000290973500011 ER PT J AU Corporan, E Edwards, T Shafer, L DeWitt, MJ Klingshirn, C Zabarnick, S West, Z Striebich, R Graham, J Klein, J AF Corporan, Edwin Edwards, Tim Shafer, Linda DeWitt, Matthew J. Klingshirn, Christopher Zabarnick, Steven West, Zachary Striebich, Richard Graham, John Klein, Jim TI Chemical, Thermal Stability, Seal Swell, and Emissions Studies of Alternative Jet Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID NITRILE RUBBER; OXIDATION; ADDITIVES; ENGINE AB This effort describes laboratory evaluations of six alternative (nonpetroleum) jet fuel candidates derived from coal, natural gas, camelina, and animal fat. Three of the fuels were produced via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, while the other three were produced via extensive hydroprocessing. The thermal stability, elastomer swell capability, and combustion emissions of the alternative jet fuels were assessed. In addition, detailed chemical analysis was performed to provide insight into their performance and to infer potential behavior of these fuels if implemented. The fuels were supplied by Sasol, Shell, Rentech, UOP, and Syntroleum Corporation. Chemical analyses show that the alternative fuels were comprised of mostly paraffinic compounds at varying relative concentrations, contained negligible heteroatom species, and were mostly aromatic-free. The six paraffinic fuels demonstrated superior thermal oxidative stability compared to JP-8, and therefore, have increased resistance to carbon formation when heated and can be exposed to higher temperatures when used to cool aircraft systems. Material compatibility tests show that the alternative fuels possess significant seal swelling capability in conditioned nitrile O-rings; however, elastomer swelling was significantly lower than for JP-8, which may likely result in fuel leaks in aircraft systems. Engine tests with the alternative fuels demonstrated no anomalies in engine operation, production of significantly lower nonvolatile particulate matter (soot), and moderately lower unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions compared to baseline JP-8 fuel. Also, no penalty (i.e., increase) in fuel flow requirement for equal engine power output was observed. In general, this study demonstrates that paraffinic fuels derived from different feedstocks and produced via FT synthesis or hydroprocessing can provide fuels with very similar properties to conventional fuels consisting of excellent physical, chemical, and combustion characteristics for use in turbine engines. These types of fuels may be considered as viable drop-in replacement jet fuels if deficiencies such as seal swell, lubricity, and low density can be properly addressed. C1 [Corporan, Edwin; Edwards, Tim] USAF, Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shafer, Linda; DeWitt, Matthew J.; Klingshirn, Christopher; Zabarnick, Steven; West, Zachary; Striebich, Richard; Graham, John] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Klein, Jim] Jim Klein LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Corporan, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edwin.corporan@wpafb.af.mil FU USAF [F33615-03-2-2347] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Matt Wagner and Dean Brigalli from AFRL/RZTM and Joe Mantz from UDRI for assistance during engine tests and Rhonda Cook and David Brooks of UDRI for the analysis of fuel and soot samples. The efforts of UDRI were supported by the USAF under Cooperate Research Agreement F33615-03-2-2347. NR 34 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 8 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 955 EP 966 DI 10.1021/ef101520v PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 751JL UT WOS:000289613300012 ER PT J AU Reich, GW Eastep, FE Altman, A Albertani, R AF Reich, Gregory W. Eastep, Franklin E. Altman, Aaron Albertani, Roberto TI Transient Poststall Aerodynamic Modeling for Extreme Maneuvers in Micro Air Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID AIRCRAFT; WINGS AB This paper addresses the modeling of transient aerodynamic behavior at angles of attack near and well above stall. These angles of attack are seen in extreme maneuvers of micro air vehicles (in this case, perching), where unsteadiness results from variations in angle of attack, planform changes, or other physical reconfiguration. To study the problem, a mechanized wing concept for a perching micro air vehicle was developed to produce wing rotation to high angles of attack. Wind-tunnel tests were conducted to measure static and dynamic vehicle performance and flight-control parameters. Test results were compared with a first-order lag model, used to describe the delay in response due to wing rotation, con plod with a simple aerodynamic analysis. Results demonstrate that the first-order lag is effective in capturing unsteady effects due to wing rotation. In situations where three-dimensionality of the flow dominates, a more complex model may be required. C1 [Reich, Gregory W.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eastep, Franklin E.; Altman, Aaron] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Albertani, Roberto] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Reich, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2210 8th St,Room 219, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.2514/1.C000278 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 752PT UT WOS:000289705400005 ER PT J AU Denton, ML Noojin, GD Foltz, MS Clark, CD Estlack, LE Rockwell, BA Thomas, RJ AF Denton, Michael L. Noojin, Gary D. Foltz, Michael S. Clark, Clifton D., III Estlack, Larry E. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Thomas, Robert J. TI Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced damage; cells; thermal effects ID SHOCK-PROTEIN EXPRESSION; THERMAL-DAMAGE; INJURY; EXPOSURE; TISSUES; RETINA; CELLS AB We measured threshold temperatures for cell death resulting from short (0.1-1.0 s) 514-nm laser exposures using an in vitro retinal model. Real-time thermal imaging at sub-cellular resolution provides temperature information that is spatially correlated with cells at the boundary of cell death, as indicate by post-exposure fluorescence images. Our measurements indicate markedly similar temperatures, not only around individual boundaries (single exposure), but among all exposures of the same duration in a laser irradiance-independent fashion. Two different methods yield similar threshold temperatures with low variance. Considering the experimental uncertainties associated with the thermal camera, an average peak temperature of 53 +/- 2 degrees C is found for laser exposures of 0.1, 0.25, and 1.0 s. Additionally, we find a linear relationship between laser exposure duration and time-averaged integrated temperature. The mean thermal profiles for cells at the boundary of death were assessed using the Arrhenius rate law using parameter sets (frequency factor and energy of activation) found in three different articles. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3548881] C1 [Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, AFRL RHDO, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Denton, Michael L.; Noojin, Gary D.; Foltz, Michael S.; Clark, Clifton D., III] TASC Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Estlack, Larry E.] Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RHDO, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate [FA8650-08-D-6920]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [92HE04COR] FX The opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Air Force. We thank Kurt Schuster for help with thermal data analysis. The authors also thank J. Wilmink, J. Pearce, Y. Feng, V. Yakovlev, A. Bailey, and J. Oliver for their helpful discussions and/or critical review of the paper. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Contract No. FA8650-08-D-6920 (M.L.D., G.D.N., M.S.F., C.D.C., and L.E.E.) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. 92HE04COR. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 AR 036003 DI 10.1117/1.3548881 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 754PS UT WOS:000289869200012 PM 21456867 ER PT J AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Drehman, AJ AF Paduano, Q. S. Weyburne, D. W. Drehman, A. J. TI An X-ray diffraction technique for analyzing structural defects including microstrain in nitride materials SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Crystal Growth (ICCG16)/14th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy (ICVGE14) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Org Crystal Growth (IOCG), Chinese Assoc Crystal Growth (CASG) DE X-ray diffraction; Characterization; Defects; Nitrides ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; VOIGT FUNCTION; GAN FILMS; GROWTH; DISLOCATIONS; BRAGG AB An X-ray diffraction analysis technique incorporating microstrain broadening is introduced to characterize nitride materials. The technique is tested using GaN and AlN samples prepared with different growth processes. The computation technique relies on simultaneously analyzing the X-ray profiles from a series of crystal planes and extracting the various broadening effects. An analysis ignoring the mircostrain term will often overestimate the effects of lattice tilt and lateral coherence length. The extended analysis results in much better fits, especially for planes with large Bragg angles. Improved estimates give a more complete picture of the structural properties of nitride materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Paduano, Q. S.; Weyburne, D. W.; Drehman, A. J.] AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01371 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01371 USA. EM qing.sun-paduano@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 318 IS 1 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.10.019 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 751YM UT WOS:000289653900087 ER PT J AU Wang, BG Bliss, D Suscavage, M Swider, S Lancto, R Lynch, C Weyburne, D Li, T Ponce, FA AF Wang, Buguo Bliss, David Suscavage, Michael Swider, Stacy Lancto, Robert Lynch, Candace Weyburne, David Li, Ti Ponce, Fernando A. TI Ammonothermal growth of high-quality GaN crystals on HVPE template seeds SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Crystal Growth (ICCG16)/14th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy (ICVGE14) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Org Crystal Growth (IOCG), Chinese Assoc Crystal Growth (CASG) DE HVPE seed; The ammonothermal technique; Crystal growth; Bulk GaN; Characterization ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS AB High quality GaN crystals have been successfully grown by the ammonothermal method in alkaline ammonia solutions using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) seeds. The grown crystals, over 1 mm thick, are clear and possess excellent structural and optical properties. The crystalline structure of the as-grown bulk GaN is as good as, or better than the HVPE seeds as measured by high resolution X-ray rocking curves with 100 arcsec of full width at half maximum (FWHM) on (0 0 2) and 90 arcsec on (1 0 2) diffractions. The crystal quality is improved through a process of careful seed selection and controlled heating during nucleation, so that the ammonothermal growth replicates the seed crystals on both the nitrogen and gallium faces. The results are confirmed by low temperature photoluminescence spectra resolving donor-bound and free excitons as well as multiple phonon replicas, and further by room temperature cathodoluminescence indicating reduced yellow-band emission. Successful growth of high quality GaN crystals on HVPE seeds will facilitate the scale-up to large area growth by use of large area GaN HVPE templates as seeds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Buguo] Solid State Sci Co, Air Force Res Lab, RYHC AFRL, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Wang, Buguo; Swider, Stacy; Lancto, Robert] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Bliss, David; Suscavage, Michael; Lynch, Candace; Weyburne, David] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Li, Ti; Ponce, Fernando A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), Solid State Sci Co, Air Force Res Lab, RYHC AFRL, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com RI Ponce, Fernando/M-8649-2013 OI Ponce, Fernando/0000-0002-1275-9386 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 318 IS 1 BP 1030 EP 1033 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.10.080 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 751YM UT WOS:000289653900226 ER PT J AU Polanka, MD Zelina, J Anderson, WS Sekar, B Evans, DS Lin, CX Stouffer, SD AF Polanka, Marc D. Zelina, Joseph Anderson, Wesly S. Sekar, Balu Evans, Dave S. Lin, Cheng-Xian Stouffer, Scott D. TI Heat Release in Turbine Cooling I: Experimental and Computational Comparison of Three Geometries SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FILM; HOLES AB The ultracompact combustor is a design that integrates a turbine vane into the combustor flowpath. Because of the high fuel-to-air ratio and short combustor flowpath, a significant potential exists for unburned fuel to enter the turbine. The current study explores the interaction of cooling How from typical cooling holes with this high. temperature fuel-rich freestream flow. This was supplemented with a Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes calculation using a simplified two-step propane air reaction scheme to model the combustion process and study the underlying physics of mixing between film-cooling and cross-stream-flow-driving secondary combustion. Results from surface temperature and heat flux measurements demonstrate that reactions in the turbine-cooling film can result in substantial increases in wall temperature for a considerable distance downstream of the hole. This increase depends on hole geometry, blowing ratio, and fuel content of the combustor flow. Furthermore, the heat flux increase only occurs when air is used as the coolant, as oxygen is needed to feed secondary combustion for the unburned fuel exiting the combustor at high equivalence ratios. Failure to design for this effect could result in augmented heat flux caused by the cooling scheme, and turbine life could be degraded substantially. C1 [Polanka, Marc D.; Zelina, Joseph; Anderson, Wesly S.; Sekar, Balu] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Evans, Dave S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lin, Cheng-Xian] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stouffer, Scott D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polanka, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Lin, Cheng-Xian/N-2381-2016 OI Lin, Cheng-Xian/0000-0002-9239-0602 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.2514/1.45317 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 741UJ UT WOS:000288890400001 ER PT J AU Lin, CX Holder, RJ Sekar, B Zelina, J Polanka, MD Thornburg, HJ Briones, AM AF Lin, Cheng-Xian Holder, Richard J. Sekar, Balu Zelina, Joseph Polanka, Marc D. Thornburg, Hugh J. Briones, Alejandro M. TI Heat Release in Turbine Cooling II: Numerical Details of Secondary Combustion Surrounding Shaped Holes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ENGINE DURABILITY IMPACTS; AIR RATIO COMBUSTORS; CHEMISTRY; FUEL AB Film cooling plays a critical role in providing effective thermal protection to components in modern gas turbine engines. Most of the previous studies on film cooling were conducted using either cylindrical or shaped coolant holes with nonreactive pure gases in the cross-stream flow. In this paper, the chemically reactive film cooling over a surface with shaped coolant hole is investigated by a Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes approach with a shear-stress transport k-w model to simulate the turbulent flow. To take into account the secondary combustion resulting from the unburned fuels in the crossflow, a two-step, reaction scheme was used for the combustion of propane. An eddy. dissipation concept approach was used to account for the turbulence chemistry interaction. The three-dimensional simulation was performed on an unstructured hybrid grid. The characteristics of reactive thermal flows, jet crossflow interactions, species transport, and fuel consumption were investigated at different equivalence ratios and blowing ratios. Numerical results provide insight into where reactions take place and how fuel is consumed. C1 [Lin, Cheng-Xian; Holder, Richard J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sekar, Balu; Zelina, Joseph; Polanka, Marc D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thornburg, Hugh J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Briones, Alejandro M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Lin, CX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Lin, Cheng-Xian/N-2381-2016 OI Lin, Cheng-Xian/0000-0002-9239-0602 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.2514/1.45318 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 741UJ UT WOS:000288890400002 ER PT J AU Nishihara, M Takashima, KU Bruzzese, JR Adamovich, IV Gaitonde, D AF Nishihara, Munetake Takashima, Keisuke Udagawa Bruzzese, John R. Adamovich, Igor V. Gaitonde, Datta TI Experimental and Computational Studies of Low-Temperature Mach 4 Flow Control by Lorentz Force SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE; FIELD AB The paper presents results of cold magnetohydrodynamics flow deceleration experiments using repetitively pulsed, short pulse duration, high-voltage discharge to produce ionization in a M = 4 nitrogen flow in the presence of mutually perpendicular dc electric and magnetic fields transverse to the flow. Effective flaw conductivity is significantly higher than was previously achieved, sigma(eff) = 0.1 S/m, at the magnetic field of 1.5-1.6 T. Magnetohydrodynamics effect on the flow is detected from the flow static pressure measurements. Retarding Lorentz force applied to the flow produces a static pressure increase of 19%, while accelerating force of the same magnitude applied to the same flow results in static pressure increase of 11%. The effect is produced for two possible combinations of the magnetic field and transverse current directions producing the same Lorentz force direction (both for accelerating and retarding force). The results of static pressure measurements are compared with predictions of a 3-D Navier Stokes/magnetohydrodynamics flow code. The static pressure rise predicted by the code, 20% for the retarding force and 11% for the accelerating force, agrees well with the experimental measurements. The simulations show that at the present conditions, the work done by the accelerating Lorentz force is nearly balanced by Joule heating, resulting in nearly zero net velocity change. On the other hand, the two effects are combined for the retarding Lorentz force, which results in approximately 3.8% flow velocity reduction, by Delta u = 25 m/s. This result provides further evidence of the possibility of cold supersonic flow deceleration by Lorentz force. C1 [Nishihara, Munetake; Takashima, Keisuke Udagawa; Bruzzese, John R.; Adamovich, Igor V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nonequilibrium Thermodynam Labs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gaitonde, Datta] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nishihara, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nonequilibrium Thermodynam Labs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Adamovich, Igor/E-6172-2014 OI Adamovich, Igor/0000-0001-6311-3940 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0085] FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-05-1-0085. The authors would like to thank Andrei Starikovskii, Svetlana Starikovskaya (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), Patrick Roblin (Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ohio State University), and Sergey Gorbatov (A.V. Lykov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Minsk, Belarus) for helpful suggestions on nanosecond pulse energy measurement. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.2514/1.49243 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 741UJ UT WOS:000288890400022 ER PT J AU Haw, WL Goyne, CP Rockwell, RD Krauss, RH McDaniel, JC AF Haw, Willie L. Goyne, Christopher P. Rockwell, Robert D. Krauss, Roland H. McDaniel, James C. TI Experimental Study of Vitiation Effects on Scramjet Mode Transition SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 [Goyne, Christopher P.; Rockwell, Robert D.; McDaniel, James C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Krauss, Roland H.] Univ Virginia, Aerosp Res Lab, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Haw, WL (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU NASA FX This research was supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program with Chuck Trefny of NASA Glenn Research Center as technical monitor. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 506 EP 508 DI 10.2514/1.49090 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 741UJ UT WOS:000288890400028 ER PT J AU Simmons, J Branam, R AF Simmons, J. Branam, Richard TI Parametric Study of Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle Upper-Stage Rocket Engine SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The Air Force Institute of Technology is studying a new upper-stage rocket engine architecture: the dual-expander aerospike nozzle. The goal of this research is to provide the maximum thrust-to-weight ratio in an engine that delivers a minimum of 50,000 Ibf vacuum thrust with a vacuum specific impulse of 464s. Previous work focused on developing an initial design to demonstrate the feasibility of the dual-expander aerospike nozzle architecture. That work culminated in a design exceeding the requirements, delivering an estimated 57,000 Ibf thrust with a specific impulse of 472s by using an oxidizer-to-fuel ratio of 7.03, a total mass flow of 121 Ibm/s, and an engine length of 38 in. These results were computed in a numerical model of the engine. Current work expands the model in preparation for optimizing its thrust-to-weight ratio. The changes to the model are designed to support running automated parametric and optimization studies. Parametric studies varying oxidizer-to-fuel ratio, total mass flow, and chamber length show that a dual-expander aerospike nozzle engine can achieve 50,000 lbf vacuum thrust and 489s vacuum I(sp), with an oxidizer-to-fuel ratio of six, a total mass flow of 104 Ibm/s (a reduction of 14%), and an engine length of 27.9 in. (a reduction of over 25%), which should equate to a significant weight savings over the original design. C1 [Simmons, J.; Branam, Richard] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simmons, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.2514/1.51534 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 752PV UT WOS:000289705600016 ER PT J AU McQuay, WK AF McQuay, William K. TI Collaborative Engineering Environment For 21(st) Century Avionics SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Collaborative engineering and virtual prototyping Is the application of advanced distributed modeling and simulation and engineering tools in an integrated environment to support technology development, system design, performance, cost, and producibility trade-off analyses throughout the entire product and system engineering life-cycle. The Sensors and information Directorates, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) have initiated a major effort to Implement a Collaborative Engineering Environment (CEE) to provide the infrastructure and development methodology required for affordable and timely avionics for the lilt Century warfighter. The CEE concept Is a major cultural change In the technology development process that involves applying state-of-the-art simulation and information sharing technology to the way we do business. CEE enables partnerships among the laboratories, industry, and the warfighter to accelerate the development and transition of leading edge technology to operational weapon systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir,RM N3F22, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 749ON UT WOS:000289478200001 ER PT J AU Maschmann, MR Zhang, QH Wheeler, R Du, F Dai, LM Baur, J AF Maschmann, Matthew R. Zhang, Qiuhong Wheeler, Robert Du, Feng Dai, Liming Baur, Jeffery TI In situ SEM Observation of Column-like and Foam-like CNT Array Nanoindentation SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; compression; indentation; buckling; in situ observation ID CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS; FILMS; COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; MODULUS AB Quantitative nanoindentation of nominally 7.5 and 600 mu m tall vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays is observed in situ within an SEM chamber. The 7.5 mu m array consists of highly aligned and weakly interacting CNTs and deflects similarly to classically defined cylindrical columns, with deformation geometry and critical buckling force well estimated using the Euler-Bernoulli theory. The 600 mu m array has a highly entangled foam-like morphology and exhibits sequential buckle formation upon loading, with a buckle first forming near the array bottom at approximately 2% strain, followed by accumulating coordinated buckling at the top surface at strains exceeding 5%. C1 [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Zhang, Qiuhong; Baur, Jeffery] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Zhang, Qiuhong] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wheeler, Robert] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Du, Feng; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Baur, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffery.Baur@wpafb.af.mil OI Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program Manager and technical assistance from Arthur Safriet during production of a micromechanical sample stage. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 3 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1021/am101262g PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 739AV UT WOS:000288685200006 PM 21366265 ER PT J AU Lucey, BP Toedebusch, C Duntley, SP AF Lucey, Brendan P. Toedebusch, Cristina Duntley, Stephen P. TI Profound oxygen desaturation due to central apneas associated with interictal generalized spike-wave discharges SO SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Autonomic dysfunction; Central sleep apnea; Interictal epileptiform discharges; EEG; Polysomnogram; Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy ID SUDDEN-DEATH C1 [Lucey, Brendan P.] Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Neurol, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Toedebusch, Cristina] Washington Univ, Sleep Med Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Duntley, Stephen P.] Washington Univ, Div Sleep Med, Dept Neurol, Sch Med,Barnes Jewish Hosp, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Lucey, BP (reprint author), Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Neurol, 4700 N Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM brendanlucey@hotmail.com; toedebuschc@neuro.wustl.edu; duntleys@neuro.wustl.edu OI Lucey, Brendan/0000-0001-5400-825X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9457 J9 SLEEP MED JI Sleep Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.013 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 745BW UT WOS:000289139900019 PM 21310655 ER PT J AU Chang, CY Douglas, EA Kim, J Lu, L Lo, CF Chu, BH Cheney, DJ Gila, BP Ren, F Via, GD Cullen, DA Zhou, L Smith, DJ Jang, S Pearton, SJ AF Chang, Chih-Yang Douglas, E. A. Kim, Jinhyung Lu, Liu Lo, Chien-Fong Chu, Byung-Hwan Cheney, D. J. Gila, B. P. Ren, F. Via, G. D. Cullen, David A. Zhou, Lin Smith, David J. Jang, Soohwan Pearton, S. J. TI Electric-Field-Driven Degradation in OFF-State Step-Stressed AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; degradation; GaN; high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) ID RF; RELIABILITY; HEMTS; MODFETS; VOLTAGE; IMPACT AB The critical degradation voltage of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors during OFF-state electrical stress was determined as a function of Ni/Au gate dimensions (0.1-0.17 mu m), drain bias voltage, and source/drain-gate contact distance. Devices with different gate lengths and gate-drain distances were found to exhibit the onset of degradation at different source-drain biases but similar electric field strengths, showing that the degradation mechanism is primarily field driven. The degradation field was calculated to be similar to 1.8 MV/cm by Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software simulations. Transmission electron microscopy imaging showed creation of defects under the gate after dc stress. C1 [Chang, Chih-Yang; Douglas, E. A.; Gila, B. P.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kim, Jinhyung; Jang, Soohwan] Dankook Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Yongin 448701, South Korea. [Lu, Liu; Lo, Chien-Fong; Chu, Byung-Hwan; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cheney, D. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Via, G. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Cullen, David A.; Zhou, Lin; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chang, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cychang@gmail.com; rede0001@ufl.edu; jinhyungkim@ufl.edu; liulu@ufl.edu; bhchu@ufl.edu; djcheney@ufl.edu; bgila@mse.ufl.edu; ren@che.ufl.edu; gdvia@wpafb.af.mil; dcull@asu.edu; lzhou@asu.edu; djsmith@asu.edu; sjang@dankook.kr.edu; spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014; Cullen, David/A-2918-2015 OI Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223; Cullen, David/0000-0002-2593-7866 FU AFOSR MURI; Arizona State University [FA8650-08-C-1395] FX This work was supported in part by the AFOSR MURI monitored by Kitt Reinhardt and in part by Arizona State University under AFRL Contract FA8650-08-C-1395 (monitored by C. Bozada, WPAFB). NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2103314 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 735XT UT WOS:000288454700027 ER PT J AU Wrzesinski, PJ Pestov, D Lozovoy, VV Xu, BW Roy, S Gord, JR Dantus, M AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Pestov, Dmitry Lozovoy, Vadim V. Xu, Bingwei Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Dantus, Marcos TI Binary phase shaping for selective single-beam CARS spectroscopy and imaging of gas-phase molecules SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE pulse shaping; selective excitation; pseudorandom binary phase; standoff detection; spectroscopy ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-PULSES; INTERFERENCE; STANDOFF AB We report on mode-selective single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy of gas-phase molecules. Binary phase shaping (BPS) is used to produce single-mode excitation of O(2), N(2), and CO(2) vibrational modes in ambient air and gas-phase mixtures, with high-contrast rejection of off-resonant Raman modes and efficient nonresonant-background suppression. In particular, we demonstrate independent excitation of CO(2) Fermi dyads at similar to 1280 and similar to 1380 cm(-1) and apply BPS for high-contrast imaging of CO(2) jet in ambient air. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Pestov, Dmitry; Lozovoy, Vadim V.; Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Xu, Bingwei; Dantus, Marcos] BioPhoton Solut Inc, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] SpectralEnergies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wrzesinski, PJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM paul.wrzesinski@gmail.com RI Xu, Bingwei/D-1748-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918]; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2918 (Ms Amy Lynch, Program Manager), by the AFRL Nanoenergetics Program, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs Julian Tishkoff and Tatjana Curcic, Program Managers). NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42 IS 3 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1002/jrs.2709 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 737BU UT WOS:000288544000021 ER PT J AU Bordner, RE Wiesel, WE AF Bordner, Ralph E., III Wiesel, William E. TI Spectral Decomposition of Orbital Tori SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID STELLAR DYNAMICS; KAM TORI AB The Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem states that lightly perturbed integrable Hamiltonian systems maintain their multiply periodic, toroidal motion in the phase space. The assertion that Earth-orbiting satellites under the influence of the geopotential mimic this behavior is the underlying premise of this work. This paper focuses on applying trajectory-following spectral methods on selected orbits to decompose them into multiperiodic Fourier series, effectively compressing ephemerides for long-term use. The proposed approach focuses on fitting local spectral structures, denoted as frequency clusters, within the sampled orbital data to the analytical form of the windowed, truncated, continuous Fourier transform. This approach is significantly more numerically efficient than fitting every coefficient within the N-tuple Fourier series simultaneously. Numerical simulations using integrated data yield root-mean-square error in orbital tori fits at 10 m or less per coordinate axis over a one-year period for most low-inclination, low-eccentricity orbits with altitudes lower than 1900 km. C1 [Bordner, Ralph E., III] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wiesel, William E.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bordner, RE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Bldg 620,2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.2514/1.49574 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 735JA UT WOS:000288409000016 ER PT J AU Tan, WD Chen, FM Knize, RJ Zhang, JA Tang, DY Li, LJ AF Tan, Wei De Chen, Fuming Knize, Randall James Zhang, Jian Tang, Dingyuan Li, Lian-Jong TI Passive mode locking of ceramic Nd: YAG using (7,5) semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Laser Ceramics Symposium - International Symposium on Transparent Ceramics for Photonics Applications CY DEC 09-11, 2009 CL Bilbao, SPAIN DE Ceramics; Nd: YAG; Mode locked lasers; SWCNTs ID SATURABLE ABSORBER; ULTRAFAST LASERS; FIBER LASER AB Passive mode-locking of a ceramic Nd: YAG laser was demonstrated using highly purified single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as the saturable absorber (SA). Poly [(9,9-dihexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(9,10-an-thracene)] or PFO was used to extract a purified sample of semiconducting SWCNTs that consisted of mainly (7.5) nanotubes (similar to 80% of the SWCNT ensemble). The pulses had a near Fourier transform-limited pulse width of about 8.3 ps in a non-dispersion compensated setup. In addition, Z-scan investigations revealed that SWCNT SA had a saturation intensity of about 1.7 MW cm(-2) with a modulation depth of about 6% and a non-saturable loss of about 5.5%. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Wei De; Tang, Dingyuan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Chen, Fuming; Zhang, Jian; Li, Lian-Jong] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Knize, Randall James] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tan, WD (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM tanw0133@ntu.edu.sg RI Zhang, Jian/G-8296-2011 OI Zhang, Jian/0000-0001-9061-3940 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 SI SI BP 679 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2010.10.006 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 737OQ UT WOS:000288578500005 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Formulation of Analytical Design Derivatives for Nonlinear Unsteady Aeroelasticity SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL ID VORTEX-LATTICE METHOD; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SPANWISE FLEXIBILITY; TURBULENT FLOWS; OPTIMIZATION AB The engineering community has devoted considerable recent attention to nontraditional aircraft concepts, where nonlinear, unsteady, coupled aeroelastic physics have been found to drive the design process. There is a lack of current research aimed at bringing these physical concepts into a formal optimization environment, which is the focus of the current work. A numerical framework is developed to capture the unsteady aeroelastic interactions between a nonlinear shell and the surrounding flow. An analytical sensitivity analysis of the model is then discussed, computing the derivative of the aerodynamic force production with respect to a large vector of structural design variables. The work concludes with a series of gradient-based aeroelastic optimization studies, demonstrating the efficacy of analytical gradients towards tailoring the complex interaction between fluid and structure for optimal performance. C1 [Stanford, Bret] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 598 EP 610 DI 10.2514/1.J050713 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730UC UT WOS:000288059200013 ER PT J AU Stahl, MC Rans, TS AF Stahl, Mark C. Rans, Tonya S. TI Potential therapies for peanut allergy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY SLIT; T-CELL EPITOPES; FOOD ALLERGY; MURINE MODEL; ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS; ORAL DESENSITIZATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; IGE BINDING; CHILDREN; TOLERANCE AB Objective: To review the investigated therapies for peanut allergy beyond avoidance measures and self-injectable epinephrine. Data Sources: A PubMed search was performed using the Keywords peanut allergy and therapy. Additional citations were generated by surveying the reference lists of the pulled articles. Study Selection: More than 120 articles were reviewed and references were selected based on their relevance to the subject matter Results: Peanut allergy affects more than 1% of the US population and is increasing in prevalence. During the past 15 years multiple therapies have been researched and many have provided promising results. Sustained oral tolerance over desensitization is the goal, and most therapies are unable to demonstrate this because they are currently in their relative infancy. Therapeutic options should be safe, easily administered, and relatively inexpensive. To minimize risk, many therapies will require investigation of combined modalities. Conclusions: Peanut allergy is a challenging diagnosis for physicians because few treatment options are available. However, it seems plausible that new offerings may become accepted therapy within the next decade. The ability of a patient to tolerate amounts of peanut in an unintentional ingestion without experiencing anaphylaxis would offer peace of mind to patients and families living with peanut allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:179-187. C1 [Stahl, Mark C.; Rans, Tonya S.] USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Stahl, MC (reprint author), 59th MDG SG05A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM mark.stahl@us.af.mil OI Stahl, Mark/0000-0003-0168-8567 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.08.009 PG 12 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 733WN UT WOS:000288295300002 PM 21354019 ER PT J AU El-Awady, JA Rao, SI Woodward, C Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD AF El-Awady, Jaafar A. Rao, Satish I. Woodward, Christopher Dimiduk, Dennis M. Uchic, Michael D. TI Trapping and escape of dislocations in micro-crystals with external and internal barriers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Dislocation dynamics; Coatings; Size effects ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SIZE; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB We perform three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations of solid and annular pillars, having both free-surface boundary conditions, or strong barriers at the outer and/or inner surfaces. Both pillar geometries are observed to exhibit a size effect where smaller pillars are stronger. The scaling observed is consistent with the weakest-link activation mechanism and depends on the solid pillar diameter, or the annular pillar effective diameter, D(eff) = D - Di, where D and Di are the external and internal diameters of the pillar, respectively. An external strong barrier is observed to dramatically increase the dislocation density by an order of magnitude due to trapping dislocations at the surface. In addition, a considerable increase in the flow strength, by up to 60%, is observed compared to simulations having free-surface boundary conditions. As the applied load increases, weak spots form on the surface of the pillar by dislocations breaking through the surface when the RSS is greater than the barrier strength. The hardening rate is also observed to increase with increasing barrier strength. With cross-slip, we observe dislocations moving to other glide planes, and sometimes double-cross-slipping, producing a thickening of the slip traces at the surface. Finally the results are in qualitative agreement with recent compression experimental results of coated and centrally-filled micropillars. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [El-Awady, Jaafar A.; Rao, Satish I.; Woodward, Christopher; Dimiduk, Dennis M.; Uchic, Michael D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [El-Awady, Jaafar A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rao, Satish I.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP El-Awady, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jaafar.EI-Awady@wpafb.af.mil RI El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010 OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU US AFOSR; Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center FX This work was supported by the US AFOSR, and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 372 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.06.006 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 730QO UT WOS:000288049300004 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Groeber, MA Rollett, AD AF Uchic, Michael D. Groeber, Michael A. Rollett, Anthony D. TI Automated serial sectioning methods for rapid collection of 3-D microstructure data SO JOM LA English DT Article ID FIB-SEM; MICROSCOPY; RECONSTRUCTION; PARTICLE; MICROANALYSIS; TOMOGRAPHY; DIMENSIONS AB This article presents a brief overview of current instruments for collection of microstructural data sets in three dimensions via serial sectioning.(1) These instruments are dedicated or adapted to the task of collecting serial section data, which greatly accelerate the characterization process, and in selected systems offer the ability incorporate multi-modal data such as combinations of images, crystallographic and chemical maps that enable robust and automated approaches to segmentation of grains and phases. C1 [Uchic, Michael D.; Groeber, Michael A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0041-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 733IZ UT WOS:000288257700004 ER PT J AU Kurita, S Miyoshi, Y Tsuchiya, F Nishimura, Y Hori, T Miyashita, Y Takada, T Morioka, A Angelopoulos, V McFadden, JP Auster, HU Albert, JM Jordanova, V Misawa, H AF Kurita, S. Miyoshi, Y. Tsuchiya, F. Nishimura, Y. Hori, T. Miyashita, Y. Takada, T. Morioka, A. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. Auster, H. U. Albert, J. M. Jordanova, V. Misawa, H. TI Transport and loss of the inner plasma sheet electrons: THEMIS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; CYCLOTRON WAVES; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; RING CURRENT; MAGNETOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCESS; AURORA AB Using the electron data from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft measurements from 2007 to 2009, we derived global phase space density (PSD) distributions of plasma sheet electrons (2-100 eV/nT) to examine the transport process of the electrons to the inner magnetosphere and possible loss mechanisms of plasma sheet electrons during the convective transport. The inner boundaries of the electron plasma sheet were determined by the observed global distributions and compared with the Alfven boundaries that were calculated by the sum of the simple corotation and convection electric field models. This comparison confirms the previous results that the large-scale convection electric field controls the electron transport to the inner magnetosphere. The gradual decrease in PSD is observed from the dawn to the dayside sector, indicating the existence of some loss mechanisms in the morning sector. The loss time scales estimated from the PSD distributions were compared with the theoretical ones based on the quasi-linear diffusion theory using an empirical wave model of whistler mode chorus. We also estimated the required wave amplitudes that can explain the estimated loss time scales. It is shown that whistler mode chorus has a sufficient power to scatter the plasma sheet electrons, and the required wave amplitudes are roughly consistent with the CRRES statistical survey of the chorus wave amplitude. We suggest that the loss of plasma sheet electrons in the morning sector is mainly induced by pitch angle scattering by whistler mode chorus. C1 [Kurita, S.; Tsuchiya, F.; Morioka, A.; Misawa, H.] Tohoku Univ, Planetary Plasma & Atmospher Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Albert, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Auster, H. U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Miyoshi, Y.; Nishimura, Y.; Hori, T.; Miyashita, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Jordanova, V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McFadden, J. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takada, T.] Kochi Natl Coll Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci, Nanko Ku, Kochi 7838508, Japan. [Nishimura, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kurita, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Planetary Plasma & Atmospher Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM kurita@pparc.gp.tohoku.ac.jp RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Hori, Tomoaki/0000-0001-8451-6941; Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 FU NASA [NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space [50 OC 0302]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) FX The authors would like to acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. The Kp index is provided by WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. This research was supported by a special fund for education and research provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) and the Support Program for Improving Graduate School Education from MEXT. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A03201 DI 10.1029/2010JA015975 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731CM UT WOS:000288083900002 ER PT J AU Brown, HE Yates, KF Dietrich, G MacMillan, K Graham, CB Reese, SM Helterbrand, WS Nicholson, WL Blount, K Mead, PS Patrick, SL Eisen, RJ AF Brown, Heidi E. Yates, Karen F. Dietrich, Gabrielle MacMillan, Katherine Graham, Christine B. Reese, Sara M. Helterbrand, Wm Steve Nicholson, William L. Blount, Keith Mead, Paul S. Patrick, Sarah L. Eisen, Rebecca J. TI An Acarologic Survey and Amblyomma americanum Distribution Map with Implications for Tularemia Risk in Missouri SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LONE STAR TICK; UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; HOST ASSOCIATIONS; MENDOCINO COUNTY; DENSE WOODLANDS AB In the United States, tickborne diseases occur focally. Missouri represents a major focus of several tickborne diseases that includes spotted fever rickettsiosis, tularemia, and ehrlichiosis. Our study sought to determine the potential risk of human exposure to human-biting vector ticks in this area. We collected ticks in 79 sites in southern Missouri during June 7-10, 2009, which yielded 1,047 adult and 3,585 nymphal Amblyomma americanum,5 adult Amblyomma maculatum, 19 adult Dermacentor variabilis, and 5 nymphal lxodes brunneus. Logistic regression analysis showed that areas posing an elevated risk of exposure to A. americanum nymphs or adults were more likely to be classified as forested than grassland, and the probability of being classified as elevated risk increased with increasing relative humidity during the month of June (30-year average). Overall accuracy of each of the two models was greater than 70% and showed that 20% and 30% of the state were classified as elevated risk for human exposure to nymphs and adults, respectively. We also found a significant positive association between heightened acarologic risk and counties reporting tularemia cases. Our study provides an updated distribution map for A. americanum in Missouri and suggests a wide-spread risk of human exposure to A. americanum and their associated pathogens in this region. C1 [Brown, Heidi E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Yates, Karen F.] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Vector Borne Dis Program, Jefferson City, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Bacterial Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Dietrich, Gabrielle; MacMillan, Katherine; Graham, Christine B.; Mead, Paul S.; Eisen, Rebecca J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Reese, Sara M.] Div Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Hlth Facil & Emergency Med Serv, South Denver, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Patient Safety Program, Hlth Facil & Emergency Med Serv Div, South Denver, CO USA. [Helterbrand, Wm Steve] US Geol Survey, Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Geog Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO USA. [Nicholson, William L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Assessment Team, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Blount, Keith] USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Patrick, Sarah L.] Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Sect Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Practice, Div Community & Publ Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. USAF, Res Labs, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Brown, HE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, 1103 E 2nd St,Harvill Room 405, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM heidibrown@email.arizona.edu; karen.yates@dhss.mo.gov; edietrich@cdc.gov; kmacmillan@cdc.gov; cgraham@cdc.gov; sreese@smtpgate.dphe.state.co.us; vwhelterbrand@usgs.gov; wnicholson@cdc.gov; keith.blount@us.af.mil; pfm0@cdc.gov; sarah.patrick@dhss.mo.gov; rjeisen@cdc.gov OI Brown, Heidi/0000-0001-8578-5510 FU National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne; Enteric Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC; U.S. Department of Energy; CDC; CDC National Center for Environmental Health FX This study was supported in part by the appointment of Heidi E. Brown to the Research Participation Program at the National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC. Partial support for this project was provided through the internal funding under the CDC National Center for Environmental Health. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0593 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 730AK UT WOS:000287995600010 PM 21363979 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN Winburn, AP Christensen, AF Tyrrell, AJ AF Stephan, Carl N. Winburn, Allysha P. Christensen, Alexander F. Tyrrell, Andrew J. TI Skeletal Identification by Radiographic Comparison: Blind Tests of a Morphoscopic Method Using Antemortem Chest Radiographs SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; X-rays; skeletal identification; forensic anthropology; clavicle; vertebrae ID SEQUENTIAL LINEUP PRESENTATION; HUMAN REMAINS; RADIOLOGY; PICTURES AB This study investigated the value of antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) radiographs of the claviculae and C3-T4 vertebrae to identify skeletons of missing U.S. soldiers from past military operations. In total, 12 field-recovered skeletons and AM chest radiographs of 1460 individuals were used. For each skeleton, examiners analyzed an array of AM chest radiographs (up to 1000 individuals) and attempted to identify the correct PM/AM radiographic match. When examiners were able to compare all images within a single test, only true-positive identifications were made. When AM radiographs were presented one-at-a-time, in sequential order, and without examiners having knowledge of array size, erroneous identifications resulted but they were almost exclusively made by untrained examiners (accuracy = 35% vs. 90% for trained examiners). This study demonstrates the value of chest radiographs for the identification of disarticulated and even eroded skeletons, but only when methods are wielded by trained examiners. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.; Winburn, Allysha P.; Christensen, Alexander F.; Tyrrell, Andrew J.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command Cent Identificat, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command Cent Identificat, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015; OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809; Christensen, Alexander/0000-0002-5601-7982 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 320 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01673.x PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 725ST UT WOS:000287667100006 PM 21306373 ER PT J AU Ullrich, H Stephan, CN AF Ullrich, Herbert Stephan, Carl N. TI On Gerasimov's Plastic Facial Reconstruction Technique: New Insights to Facilitate Repeatability SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; facial approximation; facial reproduction; forensic anthropology ID MOUTH-WIDTH; APPROXIMATION; NOSE AB Gerasimov's plastic facial reconstruction method is notoriously difficult to repeat from the published literature. Primarily, this is because of the method's underlying qualitative basis but other factors contribute including: misreports in the secondary literature of Gerasimov's method essence; a lack of published details concerning Gerasimov's modeling mastic; Gerasimov's deviation from his own published nose projection prediction guidelines; and continued refinement of the methods in the 15 years following their foremost publication. As Gerasimov cannot be consulted to resolve these issues, we provide solutions via one of his five former principal students. This includes clarification of Gerasimov's method and use of soft tissue depths; the constitution of his modeling mastic; methods used for nose projection prediction; and refinements made to his methods following their primary publication. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Ullrich, Herbert] Humboldt Univ, Med Hist Museum Charite, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01672.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 725ST UT WOS:000287667100027 PM 21342188 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Tang, W Sahiner, H Reynolds, AP Williams, JC AF Pilchak, A. L. Tang, W. Sahiner, H. Reynolds, A. P. Williams, J. C. TI Microstructure Evolution during Friction Stir Welding of Mill-Annealed Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE ALPHA-PHASE; MEASURED EBSD DATA; BETA-PHASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STAINLESS-STEEL; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; PURE TITANIUM; ALUMINUM; ALLOY AB In this study, mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V plates were successfully friction stir welded over a wide range of processing parameters using a tungsten-1 pct La2O3 tool. Two K-type thermocouples embedded in the tool indicated that approximately 25 pct of the heat generated during welding was transferred out of the workpiece and into the tool. The thermocouple data, combined with observations of the microstructure, indicated that the stir zone of all welds exceeded the beta transus. The microstructure and texture of two representative welds made just above and high above the beta transus were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The beta phase orientations were reconstructed with a fully automated technique from the as-collected alpha phase data through knowledge of the Burgers orientation relationship. The results suggest that the fine beta grains in the stir zone are formed from the base material ahead of the advancing tool by dissolution of secondary and primary alpha phase, and there is no further recrystallization. These grains subsequently deform by slip and rotate toward the orientations that are most stable with respect to the shear deformation induced by the tool. In the highest temperature weld, diffusion tool wear in the form of periodically spaced bands provided an internal marker of the tool/workpiece interface during welding. The flow patterns evident within the tungsten-enriched bands suggest that flow is considerably more chaotic on the advancing side than in the central stir zone. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Tang, W.; Sahiner, H.; Reynolds, A. P.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil RI Reynolds, Anthony/F-2585-2010; Tang, Wei/E-3613-2017 OI Tang, Wei/0000-0002-9274-9574 FU NSF-I/UCRC, Center for Friction Stir Processing [EEC-0437341]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1- 0089]; Air Force Contract [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This work was supported by the NSF-I/UCRC, Center for Friction Stir Processing, Grant No. EEC-0437341. Two of the authors (ALP and JCW) acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N00014-06-1- 0089). ALP also acknowledges the support and encouragement of the Air Force Research Laboratory management and funding through Air Force Contract No. FA8650-07-D-5800 during the preparation of this article. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42A IS 3 BP 745 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0439-4 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714UO UT WOS:000286834700026 ER PT J AU Zeringue, C Vergien, C Dajani, I AF Zeringue, Clint Vergien, Christopher Dajani, Iyad TI Pump-limited, 203 W, single-frequency monolithic fiber amplifier based on laser gain competition SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER AB We present high power results of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded with a combination of broad and single-frequency laser signals. This two-tone concept was used in conjunction with externally applied or intrinsically formed thermal gradients to demonstrate combined stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression in a copumped monolithic, polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. Depending on the input parameters and the thermal gradient, the output power of the single-frequency signal ranged from 80 to 203W with slope efficiencies from 70% to 80%. The 203W amplifier was pump limited and is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported in the literature for monolithic, PM single-frequency fiber amplifiers. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Zeringue, Clint; Vergien, Christopher; Dajani, Iyad] USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, C (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Clint.Zeringue@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 5 BP 618 EP 620 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000618 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 728ZH UT WOS:000287912500008 PM 21368926 ER PT J AU Matsuzaki, S Pitarka, A Collins, N Graves, R Fukushima, Y AF Matsuzaki, Shin'ichi Pitarka, Arben Collins, Nancy Graves, Robert Fukushima, Yoshimitsu TI A Characteristic Rupture Model for the 2001 Geiyo, Japan, Earthquake SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Strong ground motion; broadband simulation technique; characteristic rupture model; intraslab earthquake; 2001 Geiyo; Japan earthquake ID STRONG-GROUND MOTION AB In this study we present a characteristic kinematic rupture model for an intraslab earthquake of the type of the 2001 Geiyo earthquake. The procedure for developing the characteristic rupture model follows the recipe developed by Irikura and Miyake (Proceedings of the 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, 2006) with a few modifications. We used the functional form of Nakamura and Miyatake [Zisin (J Seism Soc Jpn), 53, 1-9, 2000] to model the spatial and temporal variability of the slip rate function. In our procedure the earthquake source is specified by the kinematic description of the fault model that incorporates spatial heterogeneity in slip and rise time and constant rupture velocity. In the proposed characteristic model the asperity locations and rupture initiation point were the only parameters that were constrained by the available earthquake rupture models of the target earthquake. The quality of the characteristic rupture model was assessed by comparing recorded and synthetic ground motion time histories from the 2001 Geiyo earthquake calculated with a standard broadband (0.1-10 Hz) ground motion simulation technique. Our analyses show that the characteristic rupture model performs well in reproducing the recorded ground motion, in spite of its simple representation of the fault geometry and kinematic rupture complexity. The analyses of ground motion sensitivity to relative location of asperities, and their stress drop contrast suggest that the overall ground motion goodness of fit remains the same at short periods, but decreases slightly at periods longer than 1 s. We suspect that, due to the depth of the intraslab source (40-50 km), the higher-frequency ground motions are relatively insensitive to the details of the slip distribution and slip contrast. On the other hand, even for intraslab events, the lower-frequency motions are influenced by rupture directivity effects and slip distribution. C1 [Matsuzaki, Shin'ichi] Shikoku Elect Power Co, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. [Pitarka, Arben] BAE Syst, Patrick Afb, FL USA. [Collins, Nancy; Graves, Robert] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fukushima, Yoshimitsu] Shimizu Corp, Ohaski Res Inst, Tokyo 135, Japan. RP Matsuzaki, S (reprint author), Shikoku Elect Power Co, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. EM apitarka@aftac.gov RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; pitarka, arben/K-5491-2014 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 168 IS 3-4 BP 631 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0126-9 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 723JS UT WOS:000287503400011 ER PT J AU McLeod, C Fields, HW Hechter, F Wiltshire, W Rody, W Christensen, J AF McLeod, Catherine Fields, H. W. Hechter, Frank Wiltshire, William Rody, Wellington, Jr. Christensen, James TI Esthetics and smile characteristics evaluated by laypersons A comparison of Canadian and US data SO ANGLE ORTHODONTIST LA English DT Article DE Smile esthetics; Acceptability; Buccal corridor; Gingival display; Occlusal cant; Maxillary midline to face discrepancy; Lateral central gingival discrepancy ID BUCCAL CORRIDORS; ATTRACTIVENESS; PERCEPTIONS AB Objective: To collect data regarding Canadian laypersons' perceptions of smile esthetics and compare these data to US data in order to evaluate cultural differences. Materials and Methods: Using Adobe Photoshop 7, a digital image of a posed smile of a sexually ambiguous lower face was prepared so that hard and soft tissue could be manipulated to alter buccal corridor (BC), gingival display (GD), occlusal cant (OC), maxillary midline to face discrepancy (MMFD), and lateral central gingival discrepancy (LCGD). Adult Canadian laypersons (n = 103) completed an interactive computer-based survey of 29 randomized images to compare smile preferences for these variables. The custom survey was developed to display fluid, continuously appearing modifiable smile variables using MATLAB R2008 for presentation. These data were compared with previously published data for US laypersons. Statistical inference was determined using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results: Canadian laypersons were more sensitive in detecting deviations from ideal and had a narrower range of acceptability thresholds for BC, GD, OC, MMFD, and LCGD. Ideal esthetic values were significantly different only for BC. Conclusions: It appears that cultural differences do exist related to smile characteristics. Clinically significant differences in the preference of the smile characteristics were found between Canadian and US laypersons. Canadian laypersons, on average, were more discriminating to deviations from ideal and had a narrower range of acceptability. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:198-205.) C1 [Fields, H. W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Orthodont, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hechter, Frank; Rody, Wellington, Jr.] Univ Manitoba, Fac Dent, Dept Prevent Dent Sci, Div Orthodont, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Christensen, James] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fields, HW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Orthodont, 4088F Postle Hall,305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Fields.31@osu.edu NR 26 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU E H ANGLE EDUCATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI NEWTON N PA 1615 BEACON ST, NEWTON N, MA 02468-1507 USA SN 0003-3219 J9 ANGLE ORTHOD JI Angle Orthod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 81 IS 2 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.2319/060510-309.1 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 725KB UT WOS:000287642500003 PM 21208069 ER PT J AU Estevadeordal, J Marks, C Sondergaard, R Wolff, M AF Estevadeordal, Jordi Marks, Christopher Sondergaard, Rolf Wolff, Mitch TI Curved laser-sheet for conformal surface flow diagnostics SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LAMINAR SEPARATION BUBBLE; PIV AB Three-dimensional surface illumination using curved laser-sheet techniques is introduced for optical flow measurements in conformal curved surfaces. The illumination method is applicable to many different optical-based flow measurement techniques, with this paper focusing on application to flow visualization and particle image velocimetry. A brief discussion and example of curved laser-sheet generation is given followed by an example of the technique applied to PIV of low Reynolds number transitional flow around a low-pressure turbine blade. C1 [Estevadeordal, Jordi] ISSI, Dayton, OH USA. [Marks, Christopher; Sondergaard, Rolf; Wolff, Mitch] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Estevadeordal, J (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM Jordi.Estevadeordal@ge.com; Christopher.Marks@wpafb.af.mil; Rolf.Sondergaard@wpafb.af.mil; James.Wolff2@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was performed under sponsorship from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Thomas Beutner Contract Monitor. The authors would like to thank John Clark, designer of the LPT blade studied in this work, for his support and guidance. Chase Nessler is acknowledged for many productive discussions of the topic. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAR PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 761 EP 768 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0967-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 724NU UT WOS:000287584300020 ER PT J AU Chebira, A Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Chebira, Amina Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. TI Filter Bank Fusion Frames SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Erasures; filter banks; frames; fusion; polyphase; tight ID TIGHT FRAMES; ERASURES; EXPANSIONS; TRANSMISSION; ADVENT; CODES; BASES; LIFE AB In this paper we characterize and construct novel oversampled filter banks implementing fusion frames. A fusion frame is a sequence of orthogonal projection operators whose sum can be inverted in a numerically stable way. When properly designed, fusion frames can provide redundant encodings of signals which are optimally robust against certain types of noise and erasures. However, up to this point, few implementable constructions of such frames were known; we show how to construct them using oversampled filter banks. In this work, we first provide polyphase domain characterizations of filter bank fusion frames. We then use these characterizations to construct filter bank fusion frame versions of discrete wavelet and Gabor transforms, emphasizing those specific finite impulse response filters whose frequency responses are well-behaved. C1 [Chebira, Amina] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Comp & Commun Sci, Audiovisual Commun Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chebira, A (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Comp & Commun Sci, Audiovisual Commun Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM amina.chebira@epfl.ch; Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu; dmixon@princeton.edu RI Zhang, Wenjun/G-2958-2011 FU AFOSR [F1ATA09125G003] FX Manuscript received May 04, 2010; revised August 27, 2010; accepted November 10, 2010. Date of publication December 06, 2010; date of current version February 09, 2011. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Soontorn Oraintara. This work supported by the AFOSR F1ATA09125G003. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 3 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.1109/TSP.2010.2097255 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 720XR UT WOS:000287316500007 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Yan, CP Fan, HH Rondeau, C AF Martin, Richard K. Yan, Chunpeng Fan, H. Howard Rondeau, Christopher TI Algorithms and Bounds for Distributed TDOA-Based Positioning Using OFDM Signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB); orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); source localization; time difference of arrival (TDOA); navigation ID LOCALIZATION; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS; DELAY; TIME AB One main drawback of using time difference of arrival (TDOA) methods for source localization and navigation is that they require centralization of multiple copies of a signal. This paper considers blindly estimating the location of a cyclic prefix (CP) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, enabling distributed TDOA computation up to an integer ambiguity. This ambiguity can be resolved using integer least-squares methods, if enough TDOAs are available, requiring only minimal cooperation between receivers. The contributions of this paper are development of an algorithm for simultaneously resolving the integer ambiguities and obtaining a position estimate; and derivation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on locating the CP, and hence, on the underlying source localization and navigation problems. C1 [Martin, Richard K.; Rondeau, Christopher] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yan, Chunpeng] GIRD Syst Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fan, H. Howard] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; cyan@girdsystems.com; fan@ececs.uc.edu; christo-pher.rondeau@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate FX The work of R. Martin was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 3 BP 1255 EP 1268 DI 10.1109/TSP.2010.2098404 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 720XR UT WOS:000287316500030 ER PT J AU Gollard, RP Rosen, L Anson, J Mason, J Khoury, J AF Gollard, Russell P. Rosen, Larry Anson, John Mason, James Khoury, Joe TI Intramedullary PNET of the Spine: Long-term Survival After Combined Modality Therapy and Subsequent Relapse SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neuroectodermal tumors; neoplasm of spine; pediatric medulloblastoma protocol ID PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR; OF-THE-LITERATURE; CORD; MEDULLOBLASTOMA; TRANSPLANTATION; CLASSIFICATION; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) originating within the spinal cord are extraordinarily rare. We report a female who presented at age 21 with diffuse involvement of the lower spinal cord. After biopsy and successful treatment with radiation and chemotherapy, she recurred 10 years later with disease in her cerebellum. She was reinduced with chemotherapy and subsequently received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support. She is alive and free of disease 11 years after her initial presentation. This represents the longest survival ever documented for a primary spinal PNET. C1 [Gollard, Russell P.] Canc & Blood Specialists Nevada, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Rosen, Larry] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Anson, John] Western Reg Ctr Brain & Spinal Surg, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Khoury, Joe] Nevada Canc Inst, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Mason, James] Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Gollard, RP (reprint author), Canc & Blood Specialists Nevada, 58 N Pecos Rd, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM rgollard@hotmail.com NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181f84b7f PG 6 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 725MM UT WOS:000287648800019 PM 21228722 ER PT J AU Woods, PM Oliveira, JM Kemper, F van Loon, JT Sargent, BA Matsuura, M Szczerba, R Volk, K Zijlstra, AA Sloan, GC Lagadec, E McDonald, I Jones, O Gorjian, V Kraemer, KE Gielen, C Meixner, M Blum, RD Sewilo, M Riebel, D Shiao, B Chen, CHR Boyer, ML Indebetouw, R Antoniou, V Bernard, JP Cohen, M Dijkstra, C Galametz, M Galliano, F Gordon, KD Harris, J Hony, S Hora, JL Kawamura, A Lawton, B Leisenring, JM Madden, S Marengo, M McGuire, C Mulia, AJ O'Halloran, B Olsen, K Paladini, R Paradis, D Reach, WT Rubin, D Sandstrom, K Soszynski, I Speck, AK Srinivasan, S Tielens, AGGM van Aarle, E Van Dyk, SD Van Winckel, H Vijh, UP Whitney, B Wilkins, AN AF Woods, Paul M. Oliveira, J. M. Kemper, F. van Loon, J. Th. Sargent, B. A. Matsuura, M. Szczerba, R. Volk, K. Zijlstra, A. A. Sloan, G. C. Lagadec, E. McDonald, I. Jones, O. Gorjian, V. Kraemer, K. E. Gielen, C. Meixner, M. Blum, R. D. Sewilo, M. Riebel, D. Shiao, B. Chen, C. -H. R. Boyer, M. L. Indebetouw, R. Antoniou, V. Bernard, J. -P. Cohen, M. Dijkstra, C. Galametz, M. Galliano, F. Gordon, Karl D. Harris, J. Hony, S. Hora, J. L. Kawamura, A. Lawton, B. Leisenring, J. M. Madden, S. Marengo, M. McGuire, C. Mulia, A. J. O'Halloran, B. Olsen, K. Paladini, R. Paradis, D. Reach, W. T. Rubin, D. Sandstrom, K. Soszynski, I. Speck, A. K. Srinivasan, S. Tielens, A. G. G. M. van Aarle, E. Van Dyk, S. D. Van Winckel, H. Vijh, Uma P. Whitney, B. Wilkins, A. N. TI The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy programme: the life-cycle of dust and gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud - Point source classification I SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: spectroscopic; surveys; galaxies: individual: LMC; Magellanic Clouds; infrared: galaxies; infrared: stars ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; POST-AGB STARS; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT.; CORONAE-BOREALIS STARS; OGLE-III CATALOG; MU-M SOURCES; EXTREME CARBON STARS; WOLF-RAYET STARS AB We present the classification of 197 point sources observed with the Infrared Spectrograph in the SAGE-Spec Legacy programme on the Spitzer Space Telescope. We introduce a decision-tree method of object classification based on infrared spectral features, continuum and spectral energy distribution shape, bolometric luminosity, cluster membership and variability information, which is used to classify the SAGE-Spec sample of point sources. The decision tree has a broad application to mid-infrared spectroscopic surveys, where supporting photometry and variability information are available. We use these classifications to make deductions about the stellar populations of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the success of photometric classification methods. We find 90 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 29 young stellar objects, 23 post-AGB objects, 19 red supergiants, eight stellar photospheres, seven background galaxies, seven planetary nebulae, two H II regions and 12 other objects, seven of which remain unclassified. C1 [Woods, Paul M.; Kemper, F.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Lagadec, E.; McDonald, I.; Jones, O.; McGuire, C.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Oliveira, J. M.; van Loon, J. Th.] Univ Keele, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Sargent, B. A.; Volk, K.; Meixner, M.; Sewilo, M.; Shiao, B.; Boyer, M. L.; Gordon, Karl D.; Lawton, B.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Matsuura, M.] Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Origins, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Matsuura, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Inst Origins, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Szczerba, R.] Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Sloan, G. C.; Wilkins, A. N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lagadec, E.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gorjian, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kraemer, K. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Gielen, C.; van Aarle, E.; Van Winckel, H.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Blum, R. D.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Riebel, D.; Srinivasan, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chen, C. -H. R.; Indebetouw, R.; Leisenring, J. M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Indebetouw, R.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Antoniou, V.; Marengo, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bernard, J. -P.; Olsen, K.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Cohen, M.; Sandstrom, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Galametz, M.; Galliano, F.; Harris, J.; Hony, S.; Madden, S.; Rubin, D.] Univ Paris Diderot DAPNIA, CNRS, CEA DSM, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Galametz, M.; Galliano, F.; Harris, J.; Hony, S.; Madden, S.; Rubin, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hora, J. L.; Marengo, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kawamura, A.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. [Mulia, A. J.; Speck, A. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [O'Halloran, B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Paladini, R.; Paradis, D.; Reach, W. T.; Van Dyk, S. D.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sandstrom, K.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Soszynski, I.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Srinivasan, S.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Tielens, A. G. G. M.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Vijh, Uma P.] Univ Toledo, Ritter Astrophys Res Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Whitney, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Woods, PM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Alan Turing Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM woods@manchester.ac.uk RI Woods, Paul/E-6926-2011; Van Winckel, Hans/I-7863-2013; Kemper, Francisca/D-8688-2011; Antoniou, Vallia/E-3837-2013; OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950; Woods, Paul/0000-0003-4340-3590; Van Winckel, Hans/0000-0001-5158-9327; Kemper, Francisca/0000-0003-2743-8240; Antoniou, Vallia/0000-0001-7539-1593; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Jones, Olivia/0000-0003-4870-5547; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU US Department of Energy through the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California [AST-8809616]; Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Australian National University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; [N203 511838 (MNiSW)] FX RSz acknowledges support from grant N203 511838 (MNiSW). This paper utilizes public domain data obtained by the MACHO project, jointly funded by the US Department of Energy through the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. W-7405-Eng-48, by the National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California under cooperative agreement AST-8809616, and by the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, part of the Australian National University. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment OGLE-III online catalogue of variable stars. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. NR 213 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 411 IS 3 BP 1597 EP 1627 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17794.x PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 723DL UT WOS:000287486400016 ER PT J AU Mall, S Rodriguez, J Alexander, MD AF Mall, S. Rodriguez, J. Alexander, M. D. TI Electromagnetic Interference and Electrical Conductivity Behavior of Carbon/Polycyanate Composite With Nickel Nanostrands (TM) Under Fatigue SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID EMI SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS AB A conductive nanocomposite containing nickel nanostrands (TM) in carbon fiber-reinforced polymeric composite (M55 carbon fibers in toughened polycyanate resin matrix, RS-3) was investigated for electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) shielding effectiveness when subjected to the tension-tension fatigue load. These were measured in terms of dB attenuation and sheet resistance, respectively. Four configurations, one without nickel nanostrands and other three with different locations of nickel nanostrands layers, were investigated. The locations were outside surfaces, dispersed throughout the laminate thickness or the midplane. Fatigue strength was not affected by the addition of nickel nanostrands at any location. The addition of nickel nanostrands enhanced, in general, the EMI and ESD shielding effectiveness of the baseline polymeric composite with carbon fibers. However, the exterior location provided the maximum enhancement of EMI and ESD effectiveness. Furthermore, both EMI and ESD shielding effectiveness were practically constant under tension-tension fatigue loading condition up to 2 million cycles. This was because the nickel nanostrands were intact under fatigue loading condition. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:483-490, 2011. Published 2011 by the Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Mall, S.; Rodriguez, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alexander, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1002/pc.21067 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 726ZQ UT WOS:000287767300017 ER PT J AU Trivedi, HK Forster, NH Rosado, L AF Trivedi, Hitesh K. Forster, Nelson H. Rosado, Lewis TI Rolling Contact Fatigue Evaluation of Advanced Bearing Steels with and Without the Oil Anti-Wear Additive Tricresyl Phosphate SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Anti-fatigue additive; Boundary lubrication; Jet engine oil; Rolling element bearings ID LUBRICANT CHEMISTRY; PART III; LIFE; PERFORMANCE; SURFACE; WEAR; M50 AB The effect of the oil anti-wear additive tricresyl phosphate (TCP) on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life of advanced bearing steels-AISI VIMVAR M50, CSS 42L, Pyrowear 675, and Cronidur 30 was investigated with silicon nitride balls at 177 A degrees C and at a maximum Hertzian stress of 5.5 GPa. TCP at 1% additive concentration was blended into a synthetic polyol ester turbine engine lubricant basestock having a nominal viscosity of 3 cSt at 100 A degrees C. Additionally, the basestock was fortified with the anti-oxidants dioctyl-diphenyl amine (DODPA) and phenyl-alpha-napthyl amine (PANA) at 1% concentration each. The presence of TCP has a measurable positive effect on RCF life and wear. Also, all the advanced bearing materials exhibited superior fatigue life compared to conventional bearing steel M50, both with and without TCP. The study indicates that current gas turbine lubricant formulations with TCP have positive effects on fatigue life and wear performance of M50, Pyrowear 675, CSS 42L, and Cronidur 30. C1 [Trivedi, Hitesh K.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Forster, Nelson H.; Rosado, Lewis] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trivedi, HK (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM hitesh.trivedi@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1007/s11249-010-9738-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 723HW UT WOS:000287498400013 ER PT J AU Webb, TS Wells, TS AF Webb, Timothy S. Wells, Timothy S. TI Civil Engineering Airman at Increased Risk for Injuries and Injury-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE electronic health records; proportional hazards model; epidemiology; occupational health; work capacity evaluation ID UNITED-STATES; MILITARY; PREVENTION; WORK; HOSPITALIZATION; SYSTEM AB Background With the advent of electronic records, the opportunity to conduct research on workplace-related injuries and musculoskeletal disorders has increased dramatically. The purpose of this study was to examine the United States Air Force Civil Engineering career field to determine if they are negatively impacted by their work environment. Specifically, the objective of this study was to determine if enlisted Civil Engineering Airmen (n = 25,385) were at increased risk for injury or injury-related musculoskeletal disorders compared to enlisted Information Management/Communications Airmen (n = 28,947). Methods Using an historical prospective design, electronic data were assembled and analyzed using Cox's proportional hazards modeling. Models were stratified by gender and adjusted for race/ethnicity, marital status, birth year, and deployment status. Results Male Civil Engineers were observed to be at greater risk for both inpatient injury-related musculoskeletal disorders (HR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.54-2.26) and injuries (HR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.48-2.11), while female Civil Engineers were more than double the risk for both inpatient injury-related musculoskeletal disorders (HR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.28-3.73) and injuries (HR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.27-3.88) compared to Information Management/Communications Airmen. Conclusions Although analyses do not allow exploration of specific causes, they highlight the utility of using electronic data to identify occupations for further evaluation. Based on these results, additional resources were allocated to survey Civil Engineers on their physical work demands and job requirements to identify key problem areas for further study and mitigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:248-254, 2011. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Webb, Timothy S.; Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Webb, TS (reprint author), 711 HPW RHPA,2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.webb@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [71840218] FX Contract grant sponsor: Air Force Research Laboratory.; The authors thank Mr. Eric R. Master from the 711th Human Performance Wing of the Air Force Research Lab for his expertise in data management and Mr. Scott Seggerman and Mr. Timothy Powers from the Defense Manpower Data Center, Seaside, CA, for assistance in procuring data. This represents internally funded work under Air Force Research Laboratory work unit no. 71840218. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Department of the Air Force, US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 3 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1002/ajim.20907 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 718UT UT WOS:000287152500010 PM 20957674 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Forlines, RA Roquernore, WM Anderson, WS Zelina, J Gord, JR Stouffer, SD Roy, S AF Katta, V. R. Forlines, R. A. Roquernore, W. M. Anderson, W. S. Zelina, J. Gord, J. R. Stouffer, S. D. Roy, S. TI Experimental and computational study on partially premixed flames in a centerbody burner SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Partially premixed flames; Soot; Laminar flames; Modeling ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; SOOT FORMATION; RADIATION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; TEMPERATURE; MODELS; AIR; NO AB The centerbody burner was designed with the objective of understanding the coupled processes of soot formation, growth, and burnout. Fuel that issues from the center of the burner establishes two flame zones - one associated with the recirculation zone (RZ) and the other, with the trailing jet. The sooting characteristics in these two flame zones can be quite different because of variations in residence time and transport of reactants and products. Calculations performed for this burner operating under a partially premixed fuel jet suggested that soot in the RZ decreases and that soot in the trailing jet flame increases with the amount of premixing. An experimental and numerical study is performed to aid the understanding of these differences. A time-dependent, axisymmetric, detailed-chemistry computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model known as Unsteady Ignition and Combustion using ReactioNs (UNICORN) is used for simulating flames under different equivalence-ratio conditions. Combustion and PAH formation are modeled using the Wang-Frenklach (99 species and 1066 reactions) mechanism, and soot is simulated using a two-equation model of Lindstedt. A Lagrangian-based particle-tracking model is used for understanding the evolution of soot-like particles. Flame and recirculation-zone structures and soot in the experiments are identified using direct photographs taken with and without Mie scattering from soot particles as well as laser-induced-incandescence (LII) measurements. Calculations predict the structures of the partially premixed centerbody flames for various equivalence ratios reasonably well. Experiments confirm the predicted soot suppression in the RZs and enhancement of soot in the trailing jet flame when air is added to the fuel jet. It is found that flame movement in the RZ increases soot-particle burnout and, thereby, reduces the amount of soot within the RZ. As the flame moves closer to the fuel jet, more soot becomes entrained into the inner vortex. Motion of soot-like particles explained the spiral rings observed in the experiment. Increased particle burnout with partial premixing leads to shrinkage of soot spirals. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Katta, V. R.; Forlines, R. A.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Roquernore, W. M.; Anderson, W. S.; Zelina, J.; Gord, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stouffer, S. D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Roy, S.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM viswanath.katta@wpafb.af.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, Bruce Sartwell) FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, Bruce Sartwell). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.022 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 713DM UT WOS:000286715200012 ER PT J AU Eichinger, J George, B Myhand, R AF Eichinger, Jessica George, Benjamin Myhand, Rickey TI Cutaneous Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma Masquerading as Herpes Zoster SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cutaneous metastasis; rectal carcinoma; zosteriform skin lesion ID IMMUNOREACTIVITY; ADENOCARCINOMAS AB A 78-year-old female with locally recurrent rectal carcinoma and hepatic metastases presented with new skin lesions. She had multiple painful skin lesions over her groin area initially treated as contact dermatitis. The lesions continued to spread to include the lower abdomen and developed a zosteriform appearance. She was referred to dermatology, where shave biopsies revealed metastatic rectal carcinoma. This case is unique as the patient had rapidly growing zosteriform cutaneous metastases from rectal carcinoma, which has rarely been reported. Physicians providing care to patients with a history of cancer should maintain a high clinical suspicion for cutaneous metastases in patients with new or evolving skin conditions. C1 San Antonio Mil Med Ctr S, San Antonio, TX USA. Adena Reg Med Ctr, Adena Canc Ctr, Chillicothe, OH USA. RP George, B (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr S, Hematol Oncol SGOMH, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM benjamin.george@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 104 IS 3 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31820bfd04 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 722ZE UT WOS:000287473400015 PM 21297531 ER PT J AU Casazza, PG Fickus, M Mixon, DG Wang, Y Zhou, ZF AF Casazza, Peter G. Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. Wang, Yang Zhou, Zhengfang TI Constructing tight fusion frames SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Tight; Fusion; Frames ID ROBUSTNESS AB Tight fusion frames are an emerging concept of frame theory with applications in distributed processing and communications. However, very little has been determined about the existence of such frames. We completely resolve the question of existence in the special case where the underlying space is finite-dimensional and the fusion frame's subspaces have equal dimension. That is. we precisely determine the conditions under which there exists a set of equal-rank orthogonal projection matrices whose sum is a scalar multiple of the identity matrix. The characterizing set of requirements is very mild, and as such, these frames often exist. Our methods are completely constructive, relying on a new, flexible and elementary method for constructing unit norm tight frames. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Casazza, Peter G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, Yang; Zhou, Zhengfang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu OI Wang, Yang/0000-0002-8903-2388 FU NSF [DMS 0813750, DMS 0704216]; AFOSR [F1ATA09125G003] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Casazza, Fickus and Wang were supported by NSF DMS 0813750, AFOSR F1ATA09125G003, and NSF DMS 0704216, respectively. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2010.05.002 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 712ZS UT WOS:000286705400003 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Jones, WA Novak, KA Barnes, PN AF Levin, G. A. Jones, W. A. Novak, K. A. Barnes, P. N. TI The effects of superconductor-stabilizer interfacial resistance on quenching of a pancake coil made out of coated conductor SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We present the results of numerical analysis of normal zone propagation in a stack of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) coated conductors which imitates a pancake coil. Our main purpose is to determine whether the quench protection quality of such coils can be substantially improved by increased contact resistance between the superconducting film and the stabilizer. We show that with increased contact resistance the speed of normal zone propagation increases, the detection of a normal zone inside the coil becomes possible earlier, when the peak temperature inside the normal zone is lower, and stability margins shrink. Thus, increasing contact resistance may become a viable option for improving the prospects of coated conductors for high T(c) magnet applications. C1 [Levin, G. A.; Jones, W. A.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Novak, K. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barnes, P. N.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by an Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 AR 035015 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/24/3/035015 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 709FF UT WOS:000286422600016 ER PT J AU Rao, R Podila, R Tsuchikawa, R Katoch, J Tishler, D Rao, AM Ishigami, M AF Rao, Rahul Podila, Ramakrishna Tsuchikawa, Ryuichi Katoch, Jyoti Tishler, Derek Rao, Apparao M. Ishigami, Masa TI Effects of Layer Stacking on the Combination Raman Modes in Graphene SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene; Raman; spectroscopy; double resonance; combination ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SCATTERING; GRAPHITE; CRYSTALS; PHONONS; SPECTRA AB We have observer new combination modes in the range from 1650 to 2300 cm(-1) in single-(SLG), bi-, few-layer and Incommensurate bilayer graphene (IBLG) on silicon dioxide substrates. A peak at similar to 1860 cm(-1) (ITALO(-)) is observed due to a combination of the in-plane transverse acoustic (iTA) and the longitudinal optical (LO) phonons. The intensity of this peak decreases with increasing number, of layers and this peak is absent for bulk graphite. The overtone of the out-of-plane transverse optical (oTO), phonon at similar to 1750 cm(-1), also called the M band, is suppressed for both SLG and IBLG. In addition, two previously unidentified modes at similar to 2200 and similar to 1880 cm(-1) are observed in SLG. The 2220 cm(-1) (1880 cm(-1)) mode is tentatively assigned to the combination mode of In plane transverse optical (iTO) and TA phonons (oTO+LO phonons) around the K point in the graphene Brillouin zone. Finally, the peak frequency of the 1880 (2220) cm(-1) mode is observed to increase (decrease) linearly with increasing graphene layers. C1 [Rao, Rahul] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tsuchikawa, Ryuichi; Katoch, Jyoti; Tishler, Derek; Ishigami, Masa] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Tsuchikawa, Ryuichi; Katoch, Jyoti; Tishler, Derek; Ishigami, Masa] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rahul.rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Rao, Rahul/F-6985-2010; Podila, Ramakrishna/H-6226-2012; OI Rao, Rahul/0000-0002-6415-0185; Podila, Ramakrishna/0000-0003-0472-2361; Katoch, Jyoti/0000-0002-3678-1780 FU AFOSR; National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DMR-0955625]; American Society for Engineering Education; COMSET; U.S. AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0384] FX R.R. gratefully acknowledges funding from AFOSR and the National Research Council associateship program. The material provided by R.T., J.K., D.T., and M.I. is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0955625. M.I. was supported by the summer faculty fellowship program from the American Society for Engineering Education for Summer 2010. R.P. and A.M.R. greatly acknowledge the support from COMSET and the U.S. AFOSR (No. FA9550-09-1-0384). NR 25 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1594 EP 1599 DI 10.1021/nn1031017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 737LP UT WOS:000288570600006 PM 21204569 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Pachtert, R AF Akdim, Brahim Pachtert, Ruth TI Switching Behavior of Carbon Chains Bridging Graphene Nanoribbons: Effects of Uniaxial Strain SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; non-equilibrium Green's function; electron transport; carbon chains; electrical switching; graphene nanoribbons ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BAND-GAP; NANOTUBE; MOLECULES; CONDUCTION AB Recently, several experiments demonstrated the stability of chain-like carbon nanowires bridged between graphene nanoribbons, paving the way for potential applications in nanodevices. On the basis of density functional tight-binding calculations, we demonstrated switching for chains terminated with a five-membered ring under an applied strain, serving as a model for morphological changes in,realistic materials: Electron transport calculations showed an increase of up to 100% in the output current, achieved at reverse bias voltage of -2 V and an applied strain of just 1.5%. Structural analysis suggested that the switching Is driven by conformational changes, where in our case is triggered by the formation and annihilation Of a five-membered ring at the interface Of the chain-graphene edge. In addition, we showed that a five-membered ring can easily be formed at the Interface under a source-drain bias or through a gate voltage. This mechanism can serve as an,explanation of experimentally observed conductance for the materials. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Pachtert, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Akdim, Brahim] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brahim.akdim@wpafb.af.mil; ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1769 EP 1774 DI 10.1021/nn102403j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 737LP UT WOS:000288570600027 PM 21344875 ER PT J AU Shukla, S Vidal, X Furlani, EP Swihart, MT Kim, KT Yoon, YK Urbas, A Prasad, PN AF Shukla, Shobha Vidal, Xavier Furlani, Edward P. Swihart, Mark T. Kim, Kyoung-Tae Yoon, Yong-Kyu Urbas, Augustine Prasad, Paras N. TI Subwavelength Direct Laser Patterning of Conductive Gold Nanostructures by Simultaneous Photopolymerization and Photoreduction SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; two-photon lithography; metamaterials; gold nanostructures; nanofabrication ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; POROUS ALUMINA; POLYMER MATRIX; COLLOIDAL GOLD; METAMATERIALS; NANOPARTICLES; ARRAYS; FABRICATION AB This article presents a new method for fabricating highly conductive gold nanostructures within a polymeric matrix with subwavelength resolution. The nanostructures are directly written in a gold precursor-doped photoresist Using a femtosecond pulsed laser. The laser energy is absorbed by a two-photon dye, which induces simultaneous reduction of gold in the precursor and polymerization of the negative photoresist. This results in gold nanoparticle-doped polymeric lines that exhibit both plasmonic-effects, due to the constituent gold nanoparticles, and relatively high conductivity (within an order of magnitude of the bulk metal), due to the high density of particles within these lines Line widths from 150 to 1000 nm have been achieved with this method. Various optically functional structures have been prepared and their structural and optical properties have been characterized. The influence of laser intensity and scan speed on feature size have been studied and found to be in agreement with predictions of a mathematical model of the process. C1 [Shukla, Shobha; Kim, Kyoung-Tae; Yoon, Yong-Kyu; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Swihart, Mark T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Shukla, Shobha; Vidal, Xavier; Furlani, Edward P.; Swihart, Mark T.; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, PN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM pnprasad@buffalo.edu RI Swihart, Mark/A-3182-2008; Kim, Kyoungtae/M-7023-2014; Vidal, Xavier/K-6775-2012 OI Swihart, Mark/0000-0002-9652-687X; Kim, Kyoungtae/0000-0001-8518-8150; Vidal, Xavier/0000-0001-8026-2016 FU Air Force office of Scientific Research [FA95500910258]; National Science Foundation [0748153] FX We thank Dr. A Baev and Dr. T Y Ohulchanskyy for helpful discussion. The support by Air Force office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA95500910258) and National Science Foundation (CAREER 0748153) are also acknowledged. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1947 EP 1957 DI 10.1021/nn103015g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 737LP UT WOS:000288570600047 PM 21366284 ER PT J AU Mansalis, KA Klein, DA Demartini, SD Powers, JF Danielson, DS AF Mansalis, Katherine A. Klein, David A. Demartini, Steven D. Powers, Jessica F. Danielson, Daren S. TI Pleural findings in a patient with persistent pulmonary effusions from systemic amyloidosis SO AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS LA English DT Article AB Persistent pleural effusions (PPE) occur in 1--2%% of cases of systemic amyloidosis and have been postulated to result from direct disruption of the pleura by amyloid deposits. Patients are typically treated with percutaneous pleural drainage techniques. Pleural biopsies, done most commonly via percutaneous techniques, are infrequently obtained. The macroscopic and histologic pleural findings identified via video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for these patients are lacking in the literature. In this case, we present the macroscopic and microscopic pleural findings in a patient who had VATS for the aetiologic diagnosis of PPE. The diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis was made from histologic analysis of the pleural biopsy. beta reconstruction were part of the OdfPf package distributed by P.R. Dawson and D. Boyce et al., Deformation Processes Laboratory at Cornell University (anisotropy.mae.cornell.edu). The assistance of Dr. M. C. Brandes (The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH) with the STEM work and the helpful discussions regarding recrystallization reactions with Professor T.R. McNelley (Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA) are greatly appreciated. Finally, A. Young (OSU) is acknowledged for his help in preparing this manuscript. NR 63 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 42A IS 3 BP 773 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0434-9 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714UO UT WOS:000286834700028 ER PT J AU Brown, P McCausland, PJA Fries, M Silber, E Edwards, WN Wong, DK Weryk, RJ Fries, J Krzeminski, Z AF Brown, P. McCausland, P. J. A. Fries, M. Silber, E. Edwards, W. N. Wong, D. K. Weryk, R. J. Fries, J. Krzeminski, Z. TI The fall of the Grimsby meteorite-I: Fireball dynamics and orbit from radar, video, and infrasound records SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; LUMINOUS EFFICIENCY; INNISFREE METEORITE; FRAGMENTATION; RECOVERY; EARTH; METEOROIDS; ATMOSPHERE; NETWORK; PLASMA AB The Grimsby meteorite (H4-6) fell on September 25, 2009. As of mid-2010, 13 fragments totaling 215 g have been recovered. Records of the accompanying fireball from the Southern Ontario Meteor Network, including six all-sky video cameras, a large format CCD, infrasound and radar records, have been used to characterize the trajectory, speed, orbit, and initial mass of the meteoroid. From the four highest quality all-sky video records, the initial entry velocity was 20.91 +/- 0.19 km s-1 while the derived radiant has a local azimuth of 309.40 degrees +/- 0.19 degrees and entry angle of 55.20 degrees +/- 0.13 degrees. Three major fragmentation episodes are identified at 39, 33, and 30 km height, with corresponding uncertainties of approximately 2 km. Evidence for early fragmentation at heights of approximately 70 km is found in radar data; dynamic pressure of this earliest fragmentation is near 0.1 MPa while the main flare at 39 km occurred under ram pressures of 1.5 MPa. The fireball was luminous to at least 19.7 km altitude and the dynamic mass estimate of the largest remaining fragment at this height is approximately several kilograms. The initial mass is constrained to be < 100 kg from infrasound data and ablation modeling, with a most probable mass of 20-50 kg. The preatmospheric orbit is typical of an Apollo asteroid with a likely immediate origin in either the 3:1 or nu(6) resonances. C1 [Brown, P.; McCausland, P. J. A.; Silber, E.; Wong, D. K.; Weryk, R. J.; Krzeminski, Z.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [McCausland, P. J. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Fries, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Edwards, W. N.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Hazards Informat Serv, Observ Crescent 7, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y3, Canada. [Fries, J.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Weather Grp 1, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM pbrown@uwo.ca FU Canada Research Chair program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA Meteoroid Environment Office; Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario FX P. G. B. thanks the Canada Research Chair program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office for funding support. We thank D. Welch (McMaster University), the Toronto Centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, M. Castel, P. Zelichowski, and A. Oslach for hosting cameras of the Southern Ontario Meteor Network. P. J. A. M. acknowledges support from the Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario. We thank A. Hildebrand for his invaluable assistance in recovery of Grimsby fragments. R. Botting, M. Farmer, Y. Garchinski, T. Garchinski, P. Hermann, and R. Wesel provided recovery data and/or loan of recovered fragments for analysis. Helpful reviews from J. Vaubaillon and O. Popova improved an earlier version of this article. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 339 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01167.x PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 736NH UT WOS:000288500900001 ER PT J AU Kwon, KC Mayfield, H Marolla, T Nichols, B Mashburn, M AF Kwon, Kyung C. Mayfield, Howard Marolla, Ted Nichols, Bob Mashburn, Mike TI Catalytic deoxygenation of liquid biomass for hydrocarbon fuels SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Canola oil; Methyl laurate; Liquid biomass; Deoxygenation; Liquid hydrocarbon fuel ID HYDRODEOXYGENATION; OIL AB Liquid biomass such as methyl laurate and canola oil is deoxygenated with hydrogen and NiMo/gamma-Al(2)O(3) catalyst. Oxygen from methyl laurate and canola oil is removed at 18.25-85.13 bar initial cold hydrogen pressure and 300-400 degrees C, using a 316 stainless steel batch reactor. Removal of oxygen from liquid methyl laurate and canola oil is evaluated with a GC/MS analyzer for liquid reaction products and another GC for gaseous reaction products. The range of reaction duration of liquid biomass in the batch reactor is 30-60 min under the deoxygenation conditions. Conversion of liquid biomass into gaseous products is evaluated with analysis data of gas products and a mass balance in terms of hydrogen. The objective of this research is to develop an efficient method of removing oxygen from liquid biomass to produce petroleum-comparative liquid hydrocarbons with hydrogen and a catalyst. Removal of oxygen from bio-based fuels for liquid hydrocarbon fuel is needed to increase its energy intensity, stability, and decrease its viscosity. In this paper, removal of oxygen from methyl laurate and canola oil is discussed in detail in terms of various oxygen removal conditions such as reaction temperature and pressure, catalyst amount, and hydrodynamics of heterogeneous reaction mixture in the batch reactor. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kwon, Kyung C.] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Mayfield, Howard; Marolla, Ted] USAF, RL, Panama City, FL USA. [Marolla, Ted; Nichols, Bob] Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL USA. [Mashburn, Mike] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kwon, KC (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM kwonk@tuskegee.edu FU U.S. Air Force FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Air Force for supporting this research project NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 907 EP 915 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2010.09.004 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 685YG UT WOS:000284663400003 ER PT J AU Swartz, JM Weitzel, EK McMains, KC AF Swartz, J. M. Weitzel, E. K. McMains, K. C. TI Contribution of the medial orbital floor to endoscopic orbital decompression SO RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endoscopic; cadaveric; orbital floor; decompression ID GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY; DISEASE; STRUT AB Problem: This study explores contribution of the orbital floor to mechanical outcomes of orbital decompressions. Method of Study: Endoscopic medial wall orbital decompressions with and without extensive medial orbital floor removal (OFR) were performed on opposite sides of ten thawed fresh-frozen cadaver heads Bone removal was compared on pre- and post-dissection CT scans and after orbital exenteration. Results: Bony removal in the anterior orbital apex was significantly better after OFR. An average of 10.3% of the orbital floor directly under the globe was removed with the OFR technique. The orbital floor preservation (OFP) technique resulted in average bone removal of 3.6 cm(2), whereas OFR decompression resulted in average of 5.7 cm(2). Post-operative recession of the globe was significant in both arms of the study relative to the unoperated state. Conclusions: Endoscopic removal of the medial orbital floor when performed in addition to medial wall decompression removes > 60% more orbital bone and an additional 51 degrees of orbital apex bone. Extensive endoscopic removal of the mid-portion of the medial orbital floor results in bone loss beneath the globe itself. C1 [Swartz, J. M.; Weitzel, E. K.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [McMains, K. C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), 59MDW-SG020,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM erik.weitzel@yahoo.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT RHINOLOGIC SOC PI UTRECHT PA UNIV MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT, RM G05 127, DEPT OTORHINOL, HEIDELBERGLAAN 100, 3584 CX UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-0729 J9 RHINOLOGY JI Rhinology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.4193/Rhino09.185 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 780XP UT WOS:000291894800014 PM 21468379 ER PT J AU Hale, A Hughes, A Sirbaugh, J Kidman, DS AF Hale, Alan Hughes, Andrew Sirbaugh, Jim Kidman, David S. TI An Investigation Into the Effects of Highly Transient Flight Maneuvers With Heat and Mass Transfer on the T-38 Air Force Trainer Inlet SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The T-38 talon currently serves as the primary United States Air Force trainer for fighter aircraft. This supersonic trainer was developed in the 1960s but continues to be used today as the result of various modernization programs throughout its service life. The latest propulsion modernization program focused on improved takeoff performance of the T-38's inlets, improved reliability of the twin J85 afterburning turbojet engines, and reduced drag with an improved exhaust nozzle design. The T-38's inlet includes bleed holes upstream of the engine face to provide cooling airflow from the inlet to the engine bay. However, at various flight conditions, the bay air is pressurized relative to the inlet, resulting in reverse flow of hot engine bay air into the inlet. This reverse flow causes total temperature distortion that may reduce the engine stability margin. Partial inlet instrumentation of the left engine was used to estimate the total temperature distortion associated with reverse flow, however, flight testing of highly transient maneuvers revealed levels of total temperature distortion greater than that predicted for reverse flow alone. This discovery led to the hypothesis that thermal energy storage of the aluminum inlet during transient flight maneuvers resulted in increased temperature distortion at the engine face. Flight data analysis demonstrated the need for a near-real-time thermal inlet distortion analysis capability. A two-dimensional (2D) transient axisymmetric heat and mass transfer model was developed through the use of a lumped-parameter boundary-layer model to simulate the inlet flow and determine the time-dependent inlet duct heat transfer. This model was validated with transient 2D computational fluid dynamics and two flight maneuvers. The analysis of flight maneuvers revealed that in the absence of engine bay air re-ingestion, the time lag associated with the heating and cooling of the inlet walls generates radial temperature distortion, which has the effect of reducing engine stability margin up to 5.44% for the maneuvers analyzed. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001995] C1 [Hale, Alan; Sirbaugh, Jim] AEDC Arnold AFB, Aerosp Testing Alliance Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Hughes, Andrew] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. [Kidman, David S.] USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hale, A (reprint author), AEDC Arnold AFB, Aerosp Testing Alliance Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. FU Aerospace Testing Alliance (ATA) FX The research reported herein was performed by the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Air Force Materiel Command. Work and analysis for this research were done by the personnel of Aerospace Testing Alliance (ATA), the operations, maintenance, information management, and support contractor for AEDC. Further reproduction is authorized to satisfy the needs of the U.S. Government. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2011 VL 133 IS 3 AR 031201 DI 10.1115/1.4001995 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 680ZH UT WOS:000284275500001 ER PT J AU Boyle, JM Bell, DM Anderson, SL Viggiano, AA AF Boyle, Jason M. Bell, David M. Anderson, Scott L. Viggiano, A. A. TI Reaction of HOD+ with NO2: Effects of OD and OH Stretching, Bending, and Collision Energy on Reactions on the Singlet and Triplet Potential Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; BOND-SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY; VIBRATIONAL-MODE; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; CHLORINE ATOMS; RATE CONSTANTS; H2O+; FORMALDEHYDE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB Integral cross sections and product recoil velocity distributions were measured for the reaction of HOD+ with NO2, in which the HOD+ reactant was prepared in its ground state and with mode-selective excitation in the 001 (OH stretch), 100 (OD stretch), and 010 (bend) modes. In addition, we measured the 300 K thermal kinetics in a selected ion flow tube reactor and report product branching ratios different from previous measurements. Reaction is found to occur on both the singlet and triplet surfaces with near-unit efficiency. At 300 K, the product branching indicates that triplet (->) singlet transitions occur in about 60% of triplet-coupled collisions, which we attribute to long interaction times mediated by complexes on the triplet surface. Because the collision times are much shorter in the beam experiments, the product distributions show no signs of such transitions. The dominant product on the singlet surface is charge transfer. Reactions on the triplet surface lead to NO+, NO2H+, and NO2D+. There is also charge transfer, producing NO2+ (a(3)B(2)); however, this triplet NO2+ mostly predissociates. The NO2H+/NO2D+ cross sections peak at low collision energies and are insignificant above similar to 1 eV due to OH/OD loss from the nascent product ions. The effects of HOD+ vibration are mode-specific. Vibration inhibits charge transfer, with the largest effect from the bend. The NO2H+/NO2D+ channels are also vibrationally inhibited, and the mode dependence reveals how energy in different reactant modes couples to the internal energy of the product ions. C1 [Boyle, Jason M.; Bell, David M.; Anderson, Scott L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Anderson, SL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, 315 South,1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM anderson@chem.utah.edu FU Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation [CHE-0647124]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX AA.V. is grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. The Utah work is supported by a grant from the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation (CHE-0647124) NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 24 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 7 BP 1172 EP 1185 DI 10.1021/jp110523s PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 721FB UT WOS:000287337900003 PM 21291191 ER PT J AU Aliat, A Vedula, P Josyula, E AF Aliat, A. Vedula, P. Josyula, E. TI Simple model for vibration-translation exchange at high temperatures: Effects of multiquantum transitions on the relaxation of a N-2 gas flow behind a shock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 2 DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; COLLINEAR COLLISION; NOZZLE FLOWS; BLUNT-BODY; NONEQUILIBRIUM; DISSOCIATION; STATE; KINETICS AB In this paper a simple model is proposed for computation of rate coefficients related to vibration-translation transitions based on the forced harmonic oscillator theory. This model, which is developed by considering a quadraturemethod, provides rate coefficients that are in very good agreement with those found in the literature for the high temperature regime (greater than or similar to 10 000 K). This model is implemented to study a one-dimensional nonequilibrium inviscid N2 flow behind a plane shock by considering a state-to-state approach. While the effects of ionization and chemical reactions are neglected in our study, our results show that multiquantum transitions have a great influence on the relaxation of the macroscopic parameters of the gas flow behind the shock, especially on vibrational distributions of high levels. All vibrational states are influenced by multiquantum processes, but the effective number of transitions decreases inversely according to the vibrational quantum number. For the initial conditions considered in this study, excited electronic states are found to be weakly populated and can be neglected in modeling. Moreover, the computing time is considerably reduced with the model described in this paper compared to others found in the literature. C1 [Aliat, A.; Vedula, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Josyula, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Aliat, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM azizaliat@ou.edu; pvedula@ou.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); High Performance Technologies Inc. (HPTi) FX E.J. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). P. V. and A. A. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the High Performance Technologies Inc. (HPTi). NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB 22 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 AR 026308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.026308 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 724PA UT WOS:000287587500003 PM 21405907 ER PT J AU Gamerota, WR Cummer, SA Li, J Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Haaland, RK McHarg, MG AF Gamerota, W. R. Cummer, S. A. Li, J. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. Haaland, R. K. McHarg, M. G. TI Comparison of sprite initiation altitudes between observations and models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION; CURRENTS; MOMENT; FIELDS AB Simultaneous analyses of measured sprite initiation altitudes with predicted initiation altitudes from simulations enable an examination of our understanding of the sprite initiation mechanism and the modeling techniques to simulate this mesospheric electrical phenomenon. In this work, we selected a subset of sprites optically observed from Langmuir Laboratory, NM; locations near Las Vegas, NM, in 2007 and near Portales, NM, in 2008; and a Duke University field station. The sprites were observed by high-speed imaging with time resolutions of at least 1 ms and by low light level imagers. Sprite initiation altitudes were determined by triangulation between Langmuir Laboratory and either Portales or Las Vegas, while star field analysis determined the approximate measured initiation altitudes for Duke observations. These video observations were coordinated with electromagnetic field measurements from Yucca Ridge Field Station and Duke University, respectively. With a 2-D finite difference time domain model, we simulated the lightning-driven electric fields and predict the likely altitude of sprite initiation and compare these findings with the measured initiation altitude of each sprite analyzed. Of 20 discrete sprite events analyzed, both the measured and the simulation-predicted initiation altitudes indicate that long-delayed sprites tend to initiate at lower altitude. The average discrepancy between the measurements and the simulation results is 0.35 km with a standard deviation of 3.6 km. This consistency not only confirms previous results about the relationship between sprite initiation altitude and time delay but also helps to develop confidence in the models to reveal the sprite physics. C1 [Gamerota, W. R.; Cummer, S. A.; Li, J.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Haaland, R. K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gamerota, WR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 216 Larsen Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008 OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613 FU NSF [ATM-0737605]; U.S. Air Force Academy FX H. Stenbaek-Nielsen, R. Haaland, and M. G. McHarg were supported by NSF grants to the University of Alaska Fairbanks (ATM-0737605) and the U.S. Air Force Academy. Brian Hensley and Garrett Dean, Fort Lewis College, CO, contributed to the collection of data for triangulated events. S. A. Cummer and J. Li were supported by NSF grants from the physical and dynamic meteorology and aeronomy programs. The first author was supported by an undergraduate fellowship at Duke University made possible by Martha Absher. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A02317 DI 10.1029/2010JA016095 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727OZ UT WOS:000287812100001 ER PT J AU Manurkar, P Darvish, SR Nguyen, BM Razeghi, M Hubbs, J AF Manurkar, Paritosh Darvish, Shaban-Ramezani Nguyen, Binh-Minh Razeghi, Manijeh Hubbs, John TI High performance long wavelength infrared mega-pixel focal plane array based on type-II superlattices (vol 97, 193505, 2010) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Manurkar, Paritosh; Darvish, Shaban-Ramezani; Nguyen, Binh-Minh; Razeghi, Manijeh] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hubbs, John] USAF, Res Lab, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manurkar, P (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@eecs.northwestern.edu RI Nguyen, Binh-Minh/B-6411-2011; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 21 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 8 AR 089902 DI 10.1063/1.3557024 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 726YT UT WOS:000287764300100 ER PT J AU Oberoi, D Matthews, LD Cairns, IH Emrich, D Lobzin, V Lonsdale, CJ Morgan, EH Prabu, T Vedantham, H Wayth, RB Williams, A Williams, C White, SM Allen, G Arcus, W Barnes, D Benkevitch, L Bernardi, G Bowman, JD Briggs, FH Bunton, JD Burns, S Cappallo, RC Clark, MA Corey, BE Dawson, M DeBoer, D De Gans, A deSouza, L Derome, M Edgar, RG Elton, T Goeke, R Gopalakrishna, MR Greenhill, LJ Hazelton, B Herne, D Hewitt, JN Kamini, PA Kaplan, DL Kasper, JC Kennedy, R Kincaid, BB Kocz, J Koeing, R Kowald, E Lynch, MJ Madhavi, S McWhirter, SR Mitchell, DA Morales, MF Ng, A Ord, SM Pathikulangara, J Rogers, AEE Roshi, A Salah, JE Sault, RJ Schinckel, A Shankar, NU Srivani, KS Stevens, J Subrahmanyan, R Thakkar, D Tingay, SJ Tuthill, J Vaccarella, A Waterson, M Webster, RL Whitney, AR AF Oberoi, Divya Matthews, Lynn D. Cairns, Iver H. Emrich, David Lobzin, Vasili Lonsdale, Colin J. Morgan, Edward H. Prabu, T. Vedantham, Harish Wayth, Randall B. Williams, Andrew Williams, Christopher White, Stephen M. Allen, G. Arcus, Wayne Barnes, David Benkevitch, Leonid Bernardi, Gianni Bowman, Judd D. Briggs, Frank H. Bunton, John D. Burns, Steve Cappallo, Roger C. Clark, M. A. Corey, Brian E. Dawson, M. DeBoer, David De Gans, A. deSouza, Ludi Derome, Mark Edgar, R. G. Elton, T. Goeke, Robert Gopalakrishna, M. R. Greenhill, Lincoln J. Hazelton, Bryna Herne, David Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Kamini, P. A. Kaplan, David L. Kasper, Justin C. Kennedy, Rachel Kincaid, Barton B. Kocz, Jonathan Koeing, R. Kowald, Errol Lynch, Mervyn J. Madhavi, S. McWhirter, Stephen R. Mitchell, Daniel A. Morales, Miguel F. Ng, A. Ord, Stephen M. Pathikulangara, Joseph Rogers, Alan E. E. Roshi, Anish Salah, Joseph E. Sault, Robert J. Schinckel, Antony Shankar, N. Udaya Srivani, K. S. Stevens, Jamie Subrahmanyan, Ravi Thakkar, D. Tingay, Steven J. Tuthill, J. Vaccarella, Annino Waterson, Mark Webster, Rachel L. Whitney, Alan R. TI FIRST SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUN AT LOW RADIO FREQUENCIES WITH THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY PROTOTYPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: interferometers; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Sun: corona; Sun: radio radiation ID SOLAR CORONA; IMAGES; FLARE; MHZ AB We present the first spectroscopic images of solar radio transients from the prototype for the Murchison Widefield Array, observed on 2010 March 27. Our observations span the instantaneous frequency band 170.9-201.6 MHz. Though our observing period is characterized as a period of "low" to "medium" activity, one broadband emission feature and numerous short-lived, narrowband, non-thermal emission features are evident. Our data represent a significant advance in low radio frequency solar imaging, enabling us to follow the spatial, spectral, and temporal evolution of events simultaneously and in unprecedented detail. The rich variety of features seen here reaffirms the coronal diagnostic capability of low radio frequency emission and provides an early glimpse of the nature of radio observations that will become available as the next generation of low-frequency radio interferometers come online over the next few years. C1 [Oberoi, Divya; Matthews, Lynn D.; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Benkevitch, Leonid; Cappallo, Roger C.; Corey, Brian E.; Derome, Mark; Kennedy, Rachel; Kincaid, Barton B.; McWhirter, Stephen R.; Rogers, Alan E. E.; Salah, Joseph E.; Whitney, Alan R.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Cairns, Iver H.; Lobzin, Vasili; Thakkar, D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Emrich, David; Wayth, Randall B.; Arcus, Wayne; Herne, David; Lynch, Mervyn J.; Tingay, Steven J.; Waterson, Mark] Curtin Univ, Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Perth, WA, Australia. [Morgan, Edward H.; Williams, Christopher; Goeke, Robert; Hewitt, Jacqueline N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Prabu, T.; Vedantham, Harish; Gopalakrishna, M. R.; Kamini, P. A.; Madhavi, S.; Roshi, Anish; Shankar, N. Udaya; Srivani, K. S.; Subrahmanyan, Ravi] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. [Williams, Andrew] Univ Western Australia, Perth Observ, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [White, Stephen M.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland, NM USA. [Allen, G.; Bunton, John D.; DeBoer, David; deSouza, Ludi; Elton, T.; Ng, A.; Pathikulangara, Joseph; Schinckel, Antony; Stevens, Jamie; Tuthill, J.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW, Australia. [Barnes, David] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bernardi, Gianni; Greenhill, Lincoln J.; Kasper, Justin C.; Mitchell, Daniel A.; Ord, Stephen M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bowman, Judd D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Briggs, Frank H.; Dawson, M.; De Gans, A.; Kocz, Jonathan; Kowald, Errol; Vaccarella, Annino; Waterson, Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Burns, Steve] Burns Ind Inc, Nashua, NH USA. [Clark, M. A.; Edgar, R. G.] Harvard Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [DeBoer, David; Kennedy, Rachel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Astron Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edgar, R. G.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hazelton, Bryna; Morales, Miguel F.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kaplan, David L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Roshi, Anish] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV USA. [Sault, Robert J.; Webster, Rachel L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Oberoi, D (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RI Bunton, John/A-4944-2008; Astronomy & Astrophysics Group, Raman Res Institute/D-4046-2012; Udayashankar , N/D-4901-2012; M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014; Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Emrich, David/B-7002-2013; Waterson, Mark/B-7352-2013; Ord, Stephen/C-6138-2013; Subrahmanyan, Ravi/D-4889-2012; Williams, Andrew/K-2931-2013 OI Cairns, Iver/0000-0001-6978-9765; M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730; Kocz, Jonathon/0000-0003-0249-7586; Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Emrich, David/0000-0002-4058-1837; Waterson, Mark/0000-0002-0192-2686; Williams, Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105 FU Commonwealth Government of Australia; Western Australian State government; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0457585, PHY-0835713]; Australian Research Council [LE0775621, LE0882938]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-0510247]; National Collaborative Infrastructure Strategy; Australian federal government via Astronomy Australia Limited; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; MIT School of Science; Raman Research Institute; Australian National University; iVEC; Initiative in Innovative Computing; NVIDIA; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, a Joint Venture of Curtin University FX This work uses data obtained from the Murchison Radioastronomy Observatory (MRO), jointly funded by the Commonwealth Government of Australia and Western Australian State government. The MRO is managed by the CSIRO, who also provides operational support to the MWA. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamatji people as the traditional owners of the Observatory site. Support came from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AST-0457585 and PHY-0835713), the Australian Research Council (grants LE0775621 and LE0882938), the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-0510247), the National Collaborative Infrastructure Strategy, funded by the Australian federal government via Astronomy Australia Limited, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the MIT School of Science, the Raman Research Institute, The Australian National University, iVEC, the Initiative in Innovative Computing and NVIDIA sponsored Center for Excellence at Harvard, and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, a Joint Venture of Curtin University, and The University of Western Australia funded by the Western Australian State government. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2011 VL 728 IS 2 AR L27 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/728/2/L27 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 715YI UT WOS:000286931200003 ER PT J AU Dunkerley, E Koerner, H Vaia, RA Schmidt, D AF Dunkerley, Erik Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Schmidt, Daniel TI Structure and dynamic mechanical properties of highly oriented PS/clay nanolaminates over the entire composition range SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Nanolaminate; Dynamic mechanical analysis ID ORGANICALLY MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; GLASS-TRANSITION; MELT INTERCALATION; SACRIFICIAL BONDS; HIDDEN LENGTH; IN-SITU; CLAY; ORGANOCLAY AB A series of highly oriented model polymer/clay nanocomposites (nanolaminates) are prepared via a newly developed solvent deposition process with compositions ranging from neat polymer to neat organoclay. Morphology is analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to confirm composition and solvent removal. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is used to examine the trends in stiffness and damping properties as the composition is shifted from polymer-rich to polymer-starved. The role of the organoclay modifier in determining the structure and properties of these nanolaminates is also reported. Experimental moduli are compared to relevant micromechanical models including Tandon-Weng and Halpin-Tsai. These comparisons allow for the identification of deviations from the behavior expected of conventional blends and composites, highlighting the effects of nanostructuration and the presence of the organic modifier on materials behavior. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunkerley, Erik; Schmidt, Daniel] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Nanomfg Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Schmidt, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Nanomfg Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM daniel_schmidt@uml.edu OI Schmidt, Daniel/0000-0003-2511-1906 FU NSF; United States Air Force Laboratory; Universal Technology Corporation FX We thank Gary Price and Scott Fillery at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (WPAFB, OH) for assistance with XRD and SEM analysis and editing, as well as AFRL/RXBN for general support, assistance, and facilities access. We thank the NSF-sponsored Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing at UML for access to the thermal analysis equipment, the UML Baseball Research Laboratory for sample conditioning facilities, and the Department of Plastics Engineering for general support. Finally, we would like to thank the United States Air Force Laboratory and the Universal Technology Corporation for providing the financial support that made this work possible. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 17 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1171 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.006 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 722WV UT WOS:000287466900032 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Shuymelyuk, A Cook, G Odoulov, S AF Evans, Dean R. Shuymelyuk, Alexandr Cook, Gary Odoulov, Serguey TI Secondary photorefractive centers in Sn2P2S6:Sb crystals SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; BATIO3 AB Secondary photorefractive centers in Sb-doped Sn2P2S6 have a lifetime comparable to the formation time of the space-charge grating. This considerably affects the dynamics of two-beam coupling and results in a new type of transient gain enhancement for preilluminated samples. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Shuymelyuk, Alexandr; Odoulov, Serguey] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Evans, Dean R.; Cook, Gary] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Shuymelyuk, A (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM shumeluk@iop.kiev.ua FU European Office of Research and Development via the Science and Technology Center, Ukraine [P335] FX The authors thank A. Grabar and I. Stoyka for SPS samples. A part of this work has been done during the stay of D. Evans at the Institute of Physics, Kiev, Ukraine. Financial support from the European Office of Research and Development via the Science and Technology Center, Ukraine (P335) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 4 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000454 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 721YX UT WOS:000287395500009 PM 21326420 ER PT J AU French, D Peterson, R Jovanovic, I AF French, Douglas Peterson, Rita Jovanovic, Igor TI Energy-scalable pulsed mid-IR source using orientation-patterned GaAs SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; RADIATION; FEMTOSECOND; GENERATION; THICK AB Coherent mid-IR sources based on orientation-patterned GaAs (OPGaAs) are of significant interest in diverse scientific, medical, and military applications. The generation of long-wavelength mid-IR beams in OPGaAs using optical parametric oscillation exhibits limitations in the obtainable pulse energy and peak power. The master oscillator power amplifier concept is demonstrated in OPGaAs, by which a mid-IR source based on optical parametric oscillation can be scaled to high energy by amplification of the output of the optical parametric oscillator in an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). A fivefold increase in the pulse energy is obtained using this method by amplifying 3.85 mu m pulses in an OPGaAs OPA pumped by a Th,Ho:YLF Q-switched laser. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [French, Douglas; Jovanovic, Igor] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Peterson, Rita] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP French, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dfrench@psu.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 FU United States Air Force FX This work was supported by the United States Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. We would especially like to thank Shrikrishna Hegde, Patrick Berry, Kenneth Schepler, and John Bruzzese for their generous technical support and insightful comments during the course of this work. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 4 BP 496 EP 498 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000496 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 721YX UT WOS:000287395500023 PM 21326434 ER PT J AU Hsu, JWP Vaia, RA Trionfi, A AF Hsu, J. W. P. Vaia, R. A. Trionfi, A. TI Comment on "Direct Measurement of the Percolation Probability in Carbon Nanofiber-Polyimide Nanocomposites" Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AC CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITES C1 [Hsu, J. W. P.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Vaia, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Trionfi, A.] CNA, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Hsu, JWP (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 7 AR 079702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.079702 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 721XW UT WOS:000287392100007 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Hazari, N Luzik, ED Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Hazari, Nilay Luzik, Eddie D., Jr. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics following addition of sulfur fluorides to a weakly ionized plasma from 300 to 500 K: Rate constants and product determinations for ion-ion mutual neutralization and thermal electron attachment to SF5, SF3, and SF2 (vol 133, 234304, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Hazari, Nilay; Luzik, Eddie D., Jr.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Luzik, Eddie D., Jr.] Univ New Haven, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@us.af.mil NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 6 AR 069901 DI 10.1063/1.3553009 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 721BW UT WOS:000287327400089 ER PT J AU Hotop, H Ruf, MW Kopyra, J Miller, TM Fabrikant, II AF Hotop, H. Ruf, M. -W. Kopyra, J. Miller, T. M. Fabrikant, I. I. TI On the relation between the activation energy for electron attachment reactions and the size of their thermal rate coefficients SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; CAPTURE PROCESSES; RATE CONSTANTS; FALP TECHNIQUE; MOLECULES; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB Rate coefficients k(T) for dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to molecules in many cases exhibit a more or less strong rise with increasing temperature T (the electron temperature T(e) and the molecular temperature T(G) are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium, i.e., T = T(e) = T(G)). This rise is frequently modeled by the Arrhenius equation k(T) = k(A) exp[-E(a)/(k(B)T)], and an activation energy E(a) is deduced from fits to the experimental data k(T). This behavior reflects the presence of an energy barrier for the anion on its path to the dissociated products. In a recent paper [J. Kopyra, J. Wnorowska, M. Forys, and I. Szamrej, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 268, 60 (2007)] it was suggested that the size of the rate coefficients for DEA reactions at room temperature exhibits an exponential dependence on the activation energy, i.e., k(E(a); T approximate to 300 K) = k(1) exp[-E(a)/E(0)]. More recent experimental data for molecules with high barriers [T. M. Miller, J. F. Friedman, L. C. Schaffer, and A. A. Viggiano, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 084302 (2009)] are compatible with such a correlation. We investigate the validity and the possible origin of this dependence by analyzing the results of R-matrix calculations for temperature-dependent rate coefficients of exothermic DEA processes with intermediate barrier toward dissociation. These include results for model systems with systematically varied barrier height as well as results of molecule-specific calculations for CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CF(3)Cl, and CH(2)Cl(2) (activation energies above 0.2 eV) involving appropriate molecular parameters. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results for the considered class of molecules (halogenated alkanes) supports the idea that the exponential dependence of k(T = 300 K) on the activation energy reflects a general phenomenon associated with Franck-Condon factors for getting from the initial neutral vibrational levels to the dissociating final anion state in a direct DEA process. Cases are discussed for which the proposed relation does not apply. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3548874] C1 [Hotop, H.; Ruf, M. -W.; Fabrikant, I. I.] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Kopyra, J.] Univ Siedlce, Dept Chem, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland. [Miller, T. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Fabrikant, I. I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Fabrikant, I. I.] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Hotop, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM hotop@physik.uni-kl.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HO 427/29]; US National Science Foundation [PHY-0652866]; Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-252714]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work has been stimulated by cooperations within the ESF network EIPAM (Electron-Induced Processing at the Molecular level). We acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HO 427/29). I. I. F. was supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-0652866 and by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-252714). J. K. was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. T. M. M. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for its support. We gratefully acknowledge P. D. Burrow for comments on the manuscript and for providing detailed information on the work in Ref. 4. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 6 AR 064303 DI 10.1063/1.3548874 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 721BW UT WOS:000287327400023 PM 21322676 ER PT J AU Williams, CS Burggraf, LW Adamson, PE Petrosky, JC AF Williams, Christopher S. Burggraf, Larry W. Adamson, Paul E. Petrosky, James C. TI Optimization of three-dimensional positron annihilation spectroscopy system (3DPASS) for three-dimensional momentum measurements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Positron; Positron annihilation spectrsocopy; ACAR; DBAR; Momentum AB A three-dimensional positron annihilation spectroscopy system (3DPASS) was characterized. 3DPASS permits determination of three-dimensional electron-positron (e(-) -e(+)) momentum distributions by simultaneously measuring angles and energies for coincident two-gamma annihilation photons. 3DPASS collects a single dataset of correlated energies and positions for two coincident annihilation photons from a pair of solid-state double-sided strip detectors (DSSDs). Subpixel-interpolated positions are determined by transient charge analysis. 3DPASS performs simultaneous two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D ACAR) and two-detector coincidence Doppler-broadening of annihilation radiation (CDBAR) measurements, which are typically collected independently. The 2D ACAR response of 3DPASS was measured for single-crystal Cu and 6H-SiC, with and without compensation for subpixel detection efficiency. Variation of efficiency across the width of DSSD charge collection electrodes was dominated by the event selection criteria required by the subpixel interpolation method. The DBAR resolution was optimized by adjusting the energy range of CDBAR events included in the Doppler-broadening (DB) lineshape. 2D ACAR and DBAR spectra from 3DPASS were compared to previously published results for single-crystal Cu and 6H-SiC. Detailed analysis of the ACAR spectra and the DB lineshapes highlighted momentum features not previously reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Christopher S.; Burggraf, Larry W.; Petrosky, James C.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adamson, Paul E.] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Dev & Engn Div, Off Def Programs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Williams, CS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.williams@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Department of Homeland Security FX This research was sponsored in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Department of Homeland Security. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Prof. Mark E Oxley, AFIT/ENC. Views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 629 IS 1 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.031 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 724DK UT WOS:000287556100028 ER PT J AU Choi, HJ Jeon, IY Chang, DW Yu, DS Dai, LM Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Hyun-Jung Jeon, In-Yup Chang, Dong Wook Yu, Dingshan Dai, Liming Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Preparation and Electrocatalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Immobilized on the Surface of 4-Mercaptobenzoyl-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID POLY(PHOSPHORIC ACID); AU NANOPARTICLES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; FILMS; COMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; DISPERSION; CATALYSTS; SYSTEMS AB Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid in a polyphosphoric acid/phosphorus pentoxide medium to produce 4-mercaptobenzoyl-functionalized MWCNTs (MB-MWCNTs). Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), stabilized by trisodium citrate, were prepared from the in situ reduction of gold(III) chloride trihydrate by sodium borohydride in the presence of MB-MWCNTs dispersed in ethanol. The morphology of the resulting GNP/MB-MWCNT hybrid showed that GNPs were formed with an average diameter of 4.3 nm, and these were uniformly deposited on the surface of the MB-MWCNTs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the GNPs had a well-defined crystal structure. Cyclic voltammetry results showed a high electrocatalytic activity and electrochemical stability of the GNP/MB-MWCNT hybrid in both acidic and basic media. C1 [Choi, Hyun-Jung; Jeon, In-Yup; Chang, Dong Wook; Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Inst Adv Mat & Devices, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Yu, Dingshan; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch AFRL RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), UNIST, Inst Adv Mat & Devices, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, 100 Banyeon, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Yu, Dingshan/C-8881-2014; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-7650-5131; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-2913-2432 FU World Class University (WCU); US Korea Nano-Bio-Information Technology (NBIT); US Korea Nano-Bio-Information Technology (NBIT) and Basic Research Laboratory (BRL) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD) FX We are grateful to Jeong Hee Lee of Chungbuk National University for performing the SEM in this work. This project was supported by funding from the World Class University (WCU), US Korea Nano-Bio-Information Technology (NBIT) and Basic Research Laboratory (BRL) programs through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea and US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R&D (AFOSR-AOARD). NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1746 EP 1751 DI 10.1021/jp109890u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 715GJ UT WOS:000286868600050 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Taylor, PC Campbell, KA Pineda, AC AF Edwards, Arthur H. Taylor, P. C. Campbell, Kristy A. Pineda, Andrew C. TI First-principles study of As-75 NQR in arsenic-chalcogenide compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; RESONANCE; EXCHANGE; DEFECTS; SOLIDS; AS2SE3 AB We present a theoretical study of the nuclear quadrupole interaction,v(Q), of As-75 in crystalline and amorphous materials containing sulfur and selenium, and compare them with experiment. We studied a combination of hydrogen-terminated molecular clusters and periodic cells at various levels of quantum chemical theory. The results show clearly that the standard density functional theory (DFT) approximations, LDA and GGA, underestimate the nuclear quadrupole (NQR) interaction systematically, while Hartree-Fock theory overestimates it to an even greater degree. However, various levels of configuration interaction and the B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation functional, which includes some exact exchange, give very good quantitative agreement for As bonded only to the chalcogen species. As-As bonds require highly converged basis sets. We have performed a systematic study of the effect of local distortions around an arsenic atom on v(Q) and eta. Using a simple, semiclassical model, we have combined our total energy results with our NQR calculations to predict v(Q) lineshapes for bond angle and bond length distortions. Our predictions for lineshape, including first and second moments, are in excellent agreement with the results of Su et al for a-As2S3, a-As2Se3 and a-AsSe. We offer new insight into the distortions that led to this inhomogeneous broadening. Our results show clearly that, for trivalent arsenic atoms with zero or one arsenic nearest neighbor, symmetric bond stretching is the predominant contributor to the v(Q) linewidth. However, in the presence of two arsenic nearest neighbors, distortions of the As-As-As apex angle dominates and, in fact, leads to a much larger second moment, in agreement with experiment. C1 [Edwards, Arthur H.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Taylor, P. C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Campbell, Kristy A.] Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Pineda, Andrew C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Edwards, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-08-2-0252]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through contract FA9453-08-2-0252, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors express their appreciation to the Boise State Supercomputer Center for their generous allocation of time. It is a pleasure to acknowledge very useful discussions with Peter Schultz and Harry Hjalmarson of Sandia National Laboratories, and with Professors Jerry Lucovsky and Michael Paesler of North Carolina State University. We would also like to thank Dr David Bobela for numerous discussions and for careful reading of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 AR 055502 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/5/055502 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708RA UT WOS:000286380800011 PM 21406910 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Davis, RJ Moore, DL Durstock, M Vaia, RA Hsu, JWP AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Davis, Robert J. Moore, Diana L. Durstock, Michael Vaia, Richard A. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Molecular-Scale and Nanoscale Morphology of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunctions: Energy-Filtered TEM and Low-Dose HREM SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EXCITON DIFFUSION; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ORGANIZATION; FILMS; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS; RESOLUTION; MOBILITY AB The performance of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices is critically dependent on the morphology of the active layer. Here we describe the combination of two electron microscopy techniques to quantitatively examine the molecular level structure and mesoscopic domain morphology of the active layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester P3HT: PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) revealed the nanoscopic, interpenetrating fibrillar structure of the phase separated blend, providing unique assignments of the P3HT-rich and PCBM-rich regions. Low-dose high-resolution electron microscopy (LD-HREM) provided direct images of the P3HT crystals and their orientation within the P3HT-rich domains. The high mobility [010] crystallographic direction of these crystals coincides with the P3HT fibril axis. Additionally, the width of the P3HT crystallite coincides with the width of the P3HT-rich fibril, and is less than that of P3HT crystals in comparably processed pure P3HT films. The local crystallite structure within the blend is commensurate with the constraints of the nanoscale interpenetrating morphology and confirms the intimate relationship between processing protocols, which define the mesoscale phase-separated domains, and the molecular level ordering within the domains, which determines local transport characteristics. C1 [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Durstock, Michael; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Davis, Robert J.; Moore, Diana L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87815 USA. [Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank Dr. John Russ for helpful discussion regarding image segmentation and quantitative analysis. Microscopy was performed in the Materials Characterization Facility at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The authors acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for funding. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lock-heed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contrast DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 39 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 8 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1021/cm102463t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 712UG UT WOS:000286691100048 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Jha, KC Luettmer-Strathmann, J Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Heinz, Hendrik Jha, Kshitij C. Luettmer-Strathmann, Jutta Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Polarization at metal-biomolecular interfaces in solution SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE metal nanostructures; induced charges; image potential; molecular dynamics; biomaterials; proteins ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DOUBLE-LAYER; IMAGE-PLANE; SURFACES; ADSORPTION; PEPTIDES; DENSITY; CHARGE; FACE AB Metal surfaces in contact with water, surfactants and biopolymers experience attractive polarization owing to induced charges. This fundamental physical interaction complements stronger epitaxial and covalent surface interactions and remains difficult to measure experimentally. We present a first step to quantify polarization on even gold (Au) surfaces in contact with water and with aqueous solutions of peptides of different charge state (A3 and Flg-Na3) by molecular dynamics simulation in all-atomic resolution and a posteriori computation of the image potential. Attractive polarization scales with the magnitude of atomic charges and with the length of multi-poles in the aqueous phase such as the distance between cationic and anionic groups. The polarization energy per surface area is similar on aqueous Au {111} and Au {100} interfaces of approximately -50 mJm(-2) and decreases to 270 mJm(-2) in the presence of charged peptides. In molecular terms, the polarization energy corresponds to -2.3 and -0.1 kJ mol(-1) for water in the first and second molecular layers on the metal surface, and to between -40 and 0 kJ mol(-1) for individual amino acids in the peptides depending on the charge state, multi-pole length and proximity to the surface. The net contribution of polarization to peptide adsorption on the metal surface is determined by the balance between polarization by the peptide and loss of polarization by replaced surface-bound water. On metal surfaces with significant epitaxial attraction of peptides such as Au {111}, polarization contributes only 10-20% to total adsorption related to similar polarity of water and of amino acids. On metal surfaces with weak epitaxial attraction of peptides such as Au {100}, polarization is a major contribution to adsorption, especially for charged peptides (-80 kJ mol(-1) for peptide Flg-Na3). A remaining water interlayer between the metal surface and the peptide then reduces losses in polarization energy by replaced surface-bound water. Computed polarization energies are sensitive to the precise location of the image plane (within tenths of Angstroms near the jellium edge). The computational method can be extended to complex nanometre and micrometer-size surface topologies. C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Jha, Kshitij C.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Luettmer-Strathmann, Jutta] Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Ohio Department of Development, Sika Technology AG; University of Akron; Ohio Supercomputing Center FX We are grateful for support by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Ohio Department of Development, Sika Technology AG, the University of Akron, and the allocation of computer resources by the Ohio Supercomputing Center. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD FEB 6 PY 2011 VL 8 IS 55 BP 220 EP 232 DI 10.1098/rsif.2010.0318 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698EJ UT WOS:000285574900006 PM 20630881 ER PT J AU Deng, WJ Lobovsky, A Iacono, ST Wu, TY Tomar, N Budy, SM Long, T Hoffman, WP Smith, DW AF Deng, Wenjin Lobovsky, Alexander Iacono, Scott T. Wu, Tianyu Tomar, Neetu Budy, Stephen M. Long, Timothy Hoffman, Wesley P. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI Poly (acrylonitrile - co-1-vinylimidazole): A new melt processable carbon fiber precursor SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Carbon fiber precursor; Thermal cross-linking; Melt processable ID THERMAL STABILIZATION; ACRYLIC PRECURSORS; POLYACRYLONITRILE; CYCLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; COPOLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; TERPOLYMER; COMONOMERS; KINETICS AB Acrylonitrile/1-vinylimidazole (AN/VIM) copolymers containing various mol% of VIM were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization. The copolymers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, H-1 NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Char yields of the copolymers were 40-48% as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) while gel fractions were found to be 90 -99% depending upon the composition, temperature and time. The complex viscosity of the precursor copolymers was measured as a function of composition and temperature. 82/18 mol% of AN/VIM copolymer based carbon fiber precursor was successfully processed by solvent-free melt spinning at 192 degrees C and the melt-spun fiber was characterized by DSC, ATR-IR, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deng, Wenjin; Iacono, Scott T.; Tomar, Neetu; Budy, Stephen M.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Lobovsky, Alexander] Adv Fiber Engn LLC, Westfield, NJ 07090 USA. [Hoffman, Wesley P.] USAF, AFMC AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Wu, Tianyu; Long, Timothy] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM dwsmith@utdallas.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy; Robert A. Welch Foundation FX The authors thank the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and the Robert A. Welch Foundation for financial support. We also thank Dr. G. Harrison, J. Conrad and E. Vasquez (Clemson University) for providing dynamic viscosity testing facilities. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.054 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 717AC UT WOS:000287013600006 ER PT J AU Moshirfar, M Fenzl, CR Meyer, JJ Neuffer, MC Espandar, L Mifflin, MD AF Moshirfar, Majid Fenzl, Carlton R. Meyer, Jay J. Neuffer, Marcus C. Espandar, Ladan Mifflin, Mark D. TI Simultaneous and Sequential Implantation of Intacs and Verisyse Phakic Intraocular Lens for Refractive Improvement in Keratectasia SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE Verisyse lens; artisan lens; phakic IOL; keratoconus; ectasia; LASIK ectasia; iatrogenic ectasia; Intacs; intrastromal corneal rings; visian phakic IOL; artiflex lens ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY; KERATOCONIC PATIENTS; MYOPIA AB Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and visual outcomes of simultaneous and sequential implantation of Intacs (Addition Technology, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) and Verisyse phakic intraocular lens (AMO, Santa Ana, CA) in selected cases of ectatic corneal disease. Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, UT. Methods: Prospective data were collected from 19 eyes of 12 patients (5 eyes, post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia and 14 eyes, keratoconus). Intacs segments were implanted followed by insertion of a phakic Verisyse lens at the same session (12 eyes) in the simultaneous group or several months later (7 eyes) in the sequential group. The uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and manifest refraction were recorded at each visit. Results: No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. At the last follow-up (19 +/- 6 months), in the simultaneous group, mean spherical error was -0.79 +/- 1.0 diopter (D) (range, -2.0 to +1.50 D) and cylindrical error +2.06 +/- 1.21 D (range, +0.5 to +3.75 D). In the sequential group, at the last follow-up, at 36 6 21 months, the mean spherical error was -1.64 +/- 1.31 D (range, -3.25 to +1.0 D) and cylindrical error +2.07 +/- 1.03 D (range, +0.75 to +3.25 D). There were no significant differences in mean uncorrected visual acuity or BSCVA between the 2 groups preoperatively or postoperatively. No eye lost lines of preoperative BSCVA. Conclusions: Combined insertion of Intacs and Verisyse was safe and effective in all cases. The outcomes of the simultaneous implantation of the Intacs and Verisyse lens in 1 surgery were similar to the results achieved with sequential implantation using 2 surgeries. C1 [Moshirfar, Majid; Mifflin, Mark D.] Univ Utah, John A Moran Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84121 USA. [Fenzl, Carlton R.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Meyer, Jay J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Ophthalmol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Neuffer, Marcus C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Espandar, Ladan] Tulane Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Moshirfar, M (reprint author), Univ Utah, John A Moran Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 6360 South 3000 East,Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT 84121 USA. EM majid.moshirfar@hsc.utah.edu FU Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, NY; Allergan, Inc, CA FX Supported in part by a grant to the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Utah, UT, from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, NY, and an unrestricted educational grant from Allergan, Inc, CA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181eeb0dd PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 702SD UT WOS:000285914700009 PM 21045659 ER PT J AU Baker, TW Webber, CM Bush, AC Gonzalez-Reyes, E AF Baker, T. W. Webber, C. M. Bush, A. C. Gonzalez-Reyes, E. TI The Ten Study: Time Epinephrine Needs to Reach Muscle SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Baker, T. W.; Webber, C. M.; Gonzalez-Reyes, E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Bush, A. C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Div, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB247 EP AB247 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.985 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846401099 ER PT J AU Stahl, MC Gomez, R Waibel, K AF Stahl, M. C. Gomez, R. Waibel, K. TI IgE-Mediated Reactions to Local Anesthetics: a Case Report SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Stahl, M. C.; Gomez, R.; Waibel, K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB193 EP AB193 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.767 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400749 ER PT J AU Smallman, DP McBratney, CM Olsen, CH Biagio, KM Henderson, CJ AF Smallman, Darlene P. McBratney, Colleen M. Olsen, Cara H. Biagio, Katherine M. Henderson, Chance J. TI Quantification of the 5-Year Incidence of Thromboembolic Events in U.S. Air Force Academy Cadets in Comparison to the US Naval and Military Academies SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ALTITUDE; THROMBOSIS AB The medical literature is replete with case reports of thromboembolic events related to high altitude exposure. Studies have shown an increased risk of thromboembolic events at high and very high altitudes. Most of these case reports and studies have been documented at altitudes between 3,000 m and 8,000 m (9,843-26,247 ft). The U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA) rests at moderate altitude of 7,250 ft (2,210 m). This study was designed to quantify the incidence of thromboembolic events in USAFA cadets over a 5-year period and then compare the incidence of events to those in the age-matched, similarly screened midshipmen and cadet populations of the U.S. Naval and U.S. Military Academies living at sea level. Our study showed an increased incidence of thromboemoblic events in USAFA cadet outpatients compared with that in the U.S. Military Academy cadets and U.S. Naval Academy midshipmen. This implicates moderate altitude as a potential risk factor for thrombosis. C1 [Smallman, Darlene P.; McBratney, Colleen M.; Henderson, Chance J.] USAF Acad, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Olsen, Cara H.; Biagio, Katherine M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Smallman, DP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Med Grp 10, 4102 Pinion Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 176 IS 2 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825BL UT WOS:000295245800019 PM 21366086 ER PT J AU Moss, TA Beachkofsky, TM Almquist, SF Wisco, OJ Murchland, MR AF Moss, Tyler A. Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Almquist, Samuel F. Wisco, Oliver J. Murchland, Michael R. TI Alopecia with perifollicular papules and pustules SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOLLICULITIS DECALVANS C1 [Wisco, Oliver J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept AF, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Moss, Tyler A.] AT Still Univ, Kirksville Coll Osteopath Med, Kirksville, MO USA. RP Wisco, OJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept AF, 59 MDW SG05D Dermatol,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM wiscooj@gmail.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 60 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 811LD UT WOS:000294210700011 PM 21301646 ER PT J AU Brennan, J Lopez, M Gibbons, MD Hayes, D Faulkner, J Dorlac, WC Barton, C AF Brennan, Joseph Lopez, Manuel Gibbons, Mark D. Hayes, David Faulkner, Jeffrey Dorlac, Warren C. Barton, Chester TI Penetrating Neck Trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting and OTO EXPO CY SEP 25-29, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP AAO, HNSF DE surgery; head and neck surgery; general otolaryngology ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; SELECTIVE MANAGEMENT; ESOPHAGEAL INJURIES; DECISION-MAKING; WOUNDS; EXPLORATION; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT AB Objectives. To examine the surgical outcomes of penetrating neck trauma patients in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and compare treatment and perioperative survival to historical data with low-velocity penetrating neck trauma seen in a noncombat clinical setting. Study Design. Case series with chart review. Setting. Air Force Theater Hospital at Balad Air Base, Iraq. Subjects and Methods. The surgical management of penetrating neck trauma by 6 otolaryngologists deployed over a 30-month period at the United States Air Force Theater Hospital in Balad, Iraq, was retrospectively reviewed. The presenting signs and symptoms, operative findings, and outcomes of patients who underwent neck exploration for high-velocity penetrating neck trauma were determined. A treatment algorithm defining the management of both high-velocity and low-velocity penetrating neck trauma is recommended. Results. One hundred and twelve neck explorations for penetrating neck trauma were performed in OIF over 30 months. Ninety-eight percent of these neck injuries were due to high-velocity projectiles. In patients, zone 1 injuries occurred in 10%, zone 2 injuries in 77%, zone 3 injuries in 5%, combined zone 1/2 injuries in 5%, and combined zone 2/3 injuries in 3%. The positive exploration rate (patients with intraoperative findings necessitating surgical repair) was 69% (77/112). The mortality of patients undergoing neck exploration for high-velocity penetrating neck trauma was 3.7%. Conclusions. The perioperative mortality and the positive exploration rate for high-velocity penetrating neck trauma by deployed surgeons in OIF are very comparable to those rates seen in civilian centers managing low-velocity penetrating neck trauma. C1 [Brennan, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Lopez, Manuel; Hayes, David] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gibbons, Mark D.] Darnall Army Med Ctr, Ft Hood, TX USA. [Faulkner, Jeffrey] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Dorlac, Warren C.] Cincinnati CSTARS Program, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Barton, Chester] USAF, Acad Hosp, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Brennan, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,59 MDW,SG020, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Joseph.brennan@lackland.af.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 144 IS 2 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1177/0194599810391628 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 808RV UT WOS:000293997000007 PM 21493412 ER PT J AU Connor, MP Wells, D Schmalbach, CE AF Connor, Matt P. Wells, David Schmalbach, Cecelia E. TI Variables Predictive of Bilateral Occult Papillary Microcarcinoma Following Total Thyroidectomy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting and OTO EXPO CY SEP 25-29, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP AAO, HNSF DE papillary microcarcinoma; thyroid cancer; thyroidectomy ID PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; CARCINOMA; EXPERIENCE; METASTASIS; MANAGEMENT; RECURRENCE; PERIOD AB Objective. To investigate risk factors associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTM) involving the thyroid lobes bilaterally at the time of diagnosis. In doing so, the authors hope to identify a subset of PTM patients who may benefit from more aggressive surgical intervention with a total thyroidectomy. Study Design. A prospective cohort study of all newly diagnosed, previously untreated PTM patients presenting between 1998 and 2008. Setting. Tertiary care military hospital. Subjects and Methods. Following total thyroidectomy, patients were grouped according to unilateral versus bilateral PTM thyroid lobe involvement. The primary outcome variable was PTM in both thyroid lobes. Independent variables of interest included patient demographics, tumor stage, nodule size, tumor focus size, and tumor focality. Univariate analysis was used to investigate risk factors associated with bilateral lobe PTM. Results. Five of 25 (20%) patients had bilateral thyroid lobe PTM at presentation. There was no statistically significant difference between the unilateral versus bilateral groups with respect to age, gender, history, stage, and tumor size. Bilateral thyroid lobe PTM occurred significantly more often in the setting of multifocal PTM (4/7, 57%) versus unifocal PTM (1/18 cases, 5.6%; P = .012). The odds ratio of harboring occult PTM in the contralateral lobe at time of diagnosis in the setting of multifocal PTM was 23 times greater than the unifocal counterpart (95% confidence interval, 1.9-27.9). Conclusion. Multifocal PTM is a significant risk factor associated with bilateral thyroid lobe involvement at presentation. Surgeons are justified and encouraged to offer multifocal PTM patients completion thyroidectomy as part of their oncologic treatment. C1 [Schmalbach, Cecelia E.] USAF, USAF MC, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Wells, David] USAF, Dept Oral Pathol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schmalbach, CE (reprint author), USAF, USAF MC, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Cecelia.Schmalbach@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 144 IS 2 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1177/0194599810391616 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 808RV UT WOS:000293997000013 PM 21493418 ER PT J AU Kirkham, KE Colon, MRJ Solomon, GD AF Kirkham, Karen E. Colon, Major Roberto J. Solomon, Glen D. TI The Role of Cardiovascular Screening in Headache Patients SO HEADACHE LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease; ECG; migraine; tricyclic antidepressants; triptans; stroke ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; WOMEN PROSPECTIVE COHORT; TORSADE-DE-POINTES; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS; MIGRAINE HEADACHE; TRIPTAN USE; RISK; DISEASE; STROKE AB Does the association between migraine and cardiovascular disease warrant cardiovascular screening tests in migraine sufferers? There is enough observational data to conclude that migraine with aura is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. With the available data, we cannot recommend any additional cardiovascular screening tests for migraine patients. Are there specific risk modification approaches for headache patients? As there is no data to suggest that migraine is a modifiable risk factor, no additional cardiovascular interventions beyond the standard practice of treating modifiable risk factors are suggested for migraine sufferers. What is the appropriate screening for patients who may be candidates for triptans or tricyclic antidepressants? We support screening headache patients by obtaining a history of prior cardiovascular disease and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. We have found no data to suggest that any non-invasive cardiovascular screening test will identify a population of migraine sufferers at high risk for cardiovascular events following triptan use. Due to the increased risk of cardiovascular toxicity, ECGs should be considered prior to initiating tricyclic antidepressants in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. C1 [Kirkham, Karen E.; Colon, Major Roberto J.; Solomon, Glen D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. [Colon, Major Roberto J.] USAF, Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Solomon, GD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Boonshoft Sch Med, POB 927, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-8748 J9 HEADACHE JI Headache PD FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01839.x PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 714VF UT WOS:000286836400023 PM 21284620 ER PT J AU Bursaw, A Duginski, T AF Bursaw, Andrew Duginski, Thomas TI Anterior Opercular Syndrome Caused by Acute, Simultaneous, Isolated Bilateral Infarcts SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bursaw, Andrew; Duginski, Thomas] USAF, Dept Neurol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bursaw, A (reprint author), USAF, Dept Neurol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM andrew.bursaw.1@us.af.mil NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 68 IS 2 BP 254 EP 255 DI 10.1001/archneurol.2010.369 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 721CY UT WOS:000287330300015 PM 21320993 ER PT J AU Clark, CD Denton, ML Thomas, RJ AF Clark, Clifton D., III Denton, Michael L. Thomas, Robert J. TI Mathematical model that describes the transition from thermal to photochemical damage in retinal pigment epithelial cell culture SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE retina damage model; thermal damage; photochemical damage ID INJURY AB We propose a rate process model for describing photochemical damage to retinal cells by short wavelength laser exposures. The rate equation for photochemical damage contains a positive rate that is temperature independent, and a negative (quenching) rate that is temperature dependent. Using the traditional Arrhenius integral to describe thermal damage, we derive damage threshold doses for both thermal and photochemical mechanisms, and show that the model accounts for the sharp transition from thermal to photochemical damage thresholds that have recently been observed in an in-vitro retinal model. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.3544504] C1 [Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHDO, HPW RHDO 711, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Clark, Clifton D., III; Denton, Michael L.] TASC Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHDO, HPW RHDO 711, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM Robert.Thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 16 IS 2 AR 020504 DI 10.1117/1.3544504 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 742JW UT WOS:000288939200004 PM 21361660 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, R. Duane TI The Treatment of Posterior Compartment Vaginal Defects SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Posterior compartment prolapse; Rectocele; Enterocele ID PELVIC FLOOR; OPERATIONS; DISORDERS AB Posterior compartment prolapse can be thought of as a relaxation or separation of the tissues of the rectovaginal septum and perineal body. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of rectoceles and relaxed vaginal outlet. With proper treatment, a continued active lifestyle and improved quality of life usually can be restored; however, this result requires a thorough understanding of pelvic anatomy and pathophysiology and experience in performing the appropriate surgical procedures. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM dcespedes@satx.rr.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ucl.2010.12.003 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 742VD UT WOS:000288972500004 PM 21353075 ER PT J AU Carrell, SE Hoekstra, M West, JE AF Carrell, Scott E. Hoekstra, Mark West, James E. TI Does drinking impair college performance? Evidence from a regression discontinuity approach SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Public health; Education ID ALCOHOL; FATALITIES; POLICIES AB This paper examines the effect of alcohol consumption on student achievement. To do so, we exploit the discontinuity in drinking at age 21 at a college in which the minimum legal drinking age is strictly enforced. We find that drinking causes significant reductions in academic performance, particularly for the highest-performing students. This suggests that the negative consequences of alcohol consumption extend beyond the narrow segment of the population at risk of more severe, low-frequency, outcomes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carrell, Scott E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carrell, Scott E.] NBER, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hoekstra, Mark] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [West, James E.] USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrell, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM secarrell@ucdavis.edu; markhoek@pitt.edu; jim.west@usafa.edu OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0047-2727 J9 J PUBLIC ECON JI J. Public Econ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.08.008 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 718JG UT WOS:000287116600005 ER PT J AU Thomas, N Brook, I AF Thomas, Nicole Brook, Itzhak TI Animal bite-associated infections: microbiology and treatment SO EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY LA English DT Review DE antibiotics; bite; cats; dogs; human ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; DOG-BITE; CAPNOCYTOPHAGA-CANIMORSUS; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; PIG BITE; BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB Human and animal bites may lead to serious infection. The organisms involved tend to originate from the oral cavity of the offending biter, as well as the environment where the injury occurred. A variety of aerobic as well as anaerobic organisms have been isolated from bite wounds, with infection ranging from localized cellulitis to systemic dissemination, leading to severe disease ranging from abscess to bone and joint infection, to endocarditis and brain abscess. Immediate wound management, including recognition of the most commonly associated infectious pathogens, and judicious use of empiric antibiotics are crucial in providing the best care after a bite. Here, we discuss the common animal bite associated infections, and provide the most up to date information regarding their management. C1 [Brook, Itzhak] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Thomas, Nicole] USAF, Natl Capitol Consortium, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 117 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-7210 J9 EXPERT REV ANTI-INFE JI Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1586/ERI.10.162 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 732NL UT WOS:000288192100015 PM 21342069 ER PT J AU Trejo, M Jessen, GH Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Crespo, A Kossler, M Trimble, V Langley, D Heller, ER Claflin, B Walker, DE Poling, B Gilbert, R Via, GD Hoelscher, J Roussos, J Ejeckam, F Zimmer, J AF Trejo, Manuel Jessen, Gregg H. Chabak, Kelson D. Gillespie, James K. Crespo, Antonio Kossler, Mauricio Trimble, Virginia Langley, Derrick Heller, Eric R. Claflin, Bruce Walker, Dennis E. Poling, Brian Gilbert, Ryan Via, Glen D. Hoelscher, John Roussos, Jason Ejeckam, Felix Zimmer, Jerry TI Progress towards III-nitrides HEMTs on free-standing diamond substrates for thermal management SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CVD; diamond; gallium nitride; high electron mobility transistor; thermal AB In this paper, we discuss the progress in the application of silicon-on-diamond (SOD) and chemically vapour deposited (CVD) diamond wafers as an alternative solution to silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) substrates to enhance heat dissipation away from the active region of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) while decreasing thermal degradation due to thermal effects. The superior thermal conductivity and insulating properties of polycrystalline diamond (815 Wcm/K) free-standing wafers have demonstrated certain advantages, mostly evident in the device performance and reliability. Two unique diamond growth applications engineered by sp(3) Diamond Technologies Inc., and Group4 Labs Inc., are discussed and device performance data is presented from early attempts to our most current device research efforts. As single-crystalline diamond wafers (similar to 20 Wcm/K) become more accessible and affordable, it is expected to see significant improvement over the current state of this technology. [GRAPHICS] C1 [Trejo, Manuel; Jessen, Gregg H.; Chabak, Kelson D.; Gillespie, James K.; Crespo, Antonio; Kossler, Mauricio; Trimble, Virginia; Langley, Derrick; Heller, Eric R.; Claflin, Bruce; Walker, Dennis E.; Poling, Brian; Gilbert, Ryan; Via, Glen D.; Hoelscher, John] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. [Roussos, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. [Ejeckam, Felix] Grp4 Labs Inc, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. [Zimmer, Jerry] Sp3 Diamond Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. RP Trejo, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM manuel.trejo@wpafb.af.mil; gregg.jessen@aoard.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 208 IS 2 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1002/pssa.201000601 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 731DS UT WOS:000288087100019 ER PT J AU Datta, T Racz, L Kotay, SM Goel, R AF Datta, Tania Racz, LeeAnn Kotay, Shireen Meher Goel, Ramesh TI Seasonal variations of nitrifying community in trickling filter-solids contact (TF/SC) activated sludge systems SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrification; Ammonia oxidizing bacteria; Nitrite oxidizing bacteria; Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FULL-SCALE MUNICIPAL; BACTERIA; POPULATIONS; NITRIFICATION; DIVERSITY; PROBES; AMOA AB Two full-scale trickling filter/solids contact (TF/SC) basin plants, each successfully performing nitrification, were sampled throughout various seasons over a period of one year. Concentrations of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were measured at various sampling locations along the treatment train. DNA was also extracted from mixed liquor in the solids contact basins. These DNA samples were subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) in order to profile the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria communities. In both plants, there was a prevalence of Nitrosomonas europaea among the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOBs). However, during the summer months, there was increased diversity of Nitrosomonas species. Likewise, Nitrospira spp. was the dominant nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOBs) in both plants regardless of season. Yet there was an increased presence of Nitrobacter among the NOBs in the summer months. These results add an important understanding of the ecology and dynamics in nitrifying population in full-scale TF/SC wastewater treatment plants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kotay, Shireen Meher; Goel, Ramesh] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Racz, LeeAnn] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Datta, Tania] CH2M Hill Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. RP Goel, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 110S Cent Campus Dr,MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Tania.Datta@ch2m.com; leeann.racz@afit.edu; kotay@utah.edu; rgoel@civil.utah.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3 BP 2272 EP 2279 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.043 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715RX UT WOS:000286904500018 PM 21112210 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid TI Computational Intelligence Applications for Defense SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; NEURAL-NETWORK; LANGUAGE; RECOGNITION; TRACKING; CONSCIOUSNESS; HEURISTICS; EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK; FUSION C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFOSR FX The author is pleased to thank the AFOSR for supporting part of this work. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-603X J9 IEEE COMPUT INTELL M JI IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1109/MCI.2010.939581 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 708TN UT WOS:000286387300002 ER PT J AU Gunderson, S Fultz, G Snyder, CE Wright, J Gschwender, L Heidger, S AF Gunderson, S. Fultz, G. Snyder, C. E. Wright, J. Gschwender, L. Heidger, S. TI The Effect of Water Content on the Dielectric Strength of Polyalphaolefin (PAO) Coolants SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Breakdown voltage; coolant; dielectric strength; high pressure microwave switch; water content ID LIQUIDS AB Many variables can affect the dielectric strength of coolants and insulating fluids including particulates, water content, temperature, viscosity, and pressure. The present paper evaluates the effects of dissolved water content, adjusted in a controlled manner, on the dielectric strength and the variability of breakdown voltages in synthetic polyalphaolefin (PAO) MIL-PRF-87252 coolants obtained from three different suppliers. Additionally, the effect on dielectric strength of using nitrogen gas versus air for the removal of water is evaluated. The results indicate that the dielectric strength of the fluids decreases by up to 80% over a range of 0 to 70 ppm water content. The variability in breakdown voltage generally increases with increasing water content for all of the samples tested. These results indicate the notable effects of water at concentrations below the MIL-PRF-87252 specified acceptable limit of 50 ppm. The effect on the dielectric strength of using two different sparging gases for the removal of water, dry air or dry nitrogen, was irrelevant when compared at similar water contents. C1 [Gunderson, S.; Fultz, G.; Snyder, C. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wright, J.; Gschwender, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heidger, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gunderson, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-05-D-5050] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force under contract #FA8650-05-D-5050. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2011.5704521 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 715YY UT WOS:000286932900037 ER PT J AU Tait, GB Richardson, RE Slocum, MB Hatfield, MO Rodriguez, MJ AF Tait, Gregory B. Richardson, Robert E. Slocum, Michael B. Hatfield, Michael O. Rodriguez, Manuel J. TI Reverberant Microwave Propagation in Coupled Complex Cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Coupled cavities; reverberant propagation ID CHAMBERS AB A simple model for the analysis of microwave propagation in coupled complex cavities is presented. The cumulative build-up and full exchange of electromagnetic energy between coupled spaces are important issues for wireless systems in reverberant environments, such as below-deck compartments in ships and aircraft cabins and bays. Based on conservation of average energy in the steady state among multiple cavities, the general model formulation is valid for both strong and weak couplings between the cavities caused by window materials, open apertures, closed and open hatches, and cable/pipe penetrations through bulkheads. Application of the model is demonstrated in conjunction with measurements conducted in nested reverberation chambers in the laboratory and in the coupled main weapons bays of a fighter aircraft. C1 [Tait, Gregory B.; Richardson, Robert E.; Slocum, Michael B.; Hatfield, Michael O.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Rodriguez, Manuel J.] Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tait, GB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gregory.tait@navy.mil NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2051442 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 722CF UT WOS:000287407300027 ER PT J AU Rabin, J Gooch, J Ivan, D AF Rabin, Jeff Gooch, John Ivan, Douglas TI Rapid Quantification of Color Vision: The Cone Contrast Test SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPIGMENTS; SENSITIVITY AB PURPOSE. To describe the design, specificity, and sensitivity of the cone contrast test (CCT), a computer-based, cone-specific (L, M, S) contrast sensitivity test for diagnosing type and severity of color vision deficiency (CVD). METHODS. The CCT presents a randomized series of colored letters visible only to L, M or S cones in decreasing steps of cone contrast to determine L, M, and S letter-recognition thresholds. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by retrospective comparison of CCT scores to anomaloscope and pseudoisochromatic plate (PIP) results in 1446 applicants for pilot training. RESULTS. CVD was detected in 49 (3.4%) of 1446 applicants with hereditary red-green (protan or deutan) CVD detected in 47 (3.5%) of 1359 men and blue-yellow (tritan) in 2 of 1446. In agreement with the anomaloscope, the CCT showed 100% sensitivity for detection and categorization of CVD (40 deutan, 7 protan, 2 tritan). PIP testing showed lower sensitivity (80% detected; 20% missed) due in part to the applicant's prior experience and/or pretest preparation. CCT specificity for confirming normal color vision was 100% for L and M cone tests and 99.8% for S cones. CONCLUSIONS. The CCT has sensitivity and specificity comparable to anomaloscope testing and exceeds PIP sensitivity in practiced observers. The CCT provides a rapid (6 minutes), clinically expedient, measure of color vision for quantifying normal color performance, diagnosing type and severity of hereditary deficiency, and detection of acquired sensitivity loss due to ocular, neurologic, and/or systemic disease, as well as injury and physiological stressors, such as altitude and fatigue. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:816 - 820) DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-6283 C1 [Rabin, Jeff; Gooch, John; Ivan, Douglas] USAF, Aerosp Ophthalmol Branch, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Rabin, J (reprint author), Univ Incarnate Word, Rosenberg Sch Optometry, 9725 Datapoint Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM rabin@uiwtx.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 52 IS 2 BP 816 EP 820 DI 10.1167/iovs.10-6283 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 728AQ UT WOS:000287846300025 PM 21051721 ER PT J AU Nishikawa, BR Daaleman, TP Nageswaran, S AF Nishikawa, Brett R. Daaleman, Timothy P. Nageswaran, Savithri TI Association of Provider Scope of Practice With Successful Transition for Youth With Special Health Care Needs SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Adolescent; Disabled children; Child health services; Delivery of health care; Health care surveys; Health planning; Health services needs and demand ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB Purpose: Youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) encounter unique challenges in the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare. Although discussing transition with healthcare providers can be beneficial, it is unclear whether the providers' scope of practice (child-only vs. lifespan-oriented) drives these discussions. We examined the association between scope of practice and transition-related services. Methods: We used caregivers' responses in the 2005-2006 National Survey of Children with Special Healthcare Needs. We compared transition outcomes for youth whose providers treated only children, and youth whose providers also treated adults (lifespan-oriented). Individual and household-level demographic factors were applied to logistic regression models. Results: Youth with lifespan-oriented providers were more likely than youth with child-only providers to have discussed changing health needs in adulthood (52% vs. 43%) and adult health insurance (24% vs. 21%). There was no difference in receiving encouragement toward self-responsibility (79% vs. 78%). These associations persisted after adjusting for demographics. Conclusions: YSHCN are more likely to report having discussed issues related to transition into adult healthcare if their providers treat adults as well as children. However, discussion involving adult health insurance in particular was lacking for all YSHCN. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. C1 [Nishikawa, Brett R.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, USAFSAM PHR, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Daaleman, Timothy P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Family Med, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Nageswaran, Savithri] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. RP Nishikawa, BR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, USAFSAM PHR, 2513 Kennedy Circle,Bldg 180, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM brett.nishikawa@brooks.af.mil FU Air Force Institute of Technology FX Dr Nishikawa conducted this research under scholarship of the Air Force Institute of Technology Civilian Institutions Program. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States government. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.06.011 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 709PW UT WOS:000286454000016 PM 21257122 ER PT J AU Wei, J Barnes, J Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Rajagopalan, G AF Wei, J. Barnes, J. Guha, S. Gonzalez, L. P. Yeo, Y. K. Hengehold, R. L. Rajagopalan, G. TI Electrical and Optical Characterization of Melt-Grown Bulk InAs1-yPy Crystals SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Optical spectroscopy; photoluminescence; refractive index; Hall-effect measurement; bulk crystal growth; semiconducting ternary alloys; InAsP ID INFRARED TRANSMISSION; BAND-GAP; IN1-XGAXASYP1-Y; ABSORPTION; ALLOYS; GASB; DEVICES; INP AB Bulk ternary InAs1-yPy polycrystals with diameters up to 50 mm were grown from a pseudobinary InP-InAs melt using the vertical Bridgman technique. Electrical and optical properties were investigated as functions of alloy composition and sample temperature. As-grown undoped crystals have been found to exhibit n-type conductivity irrespective of alloy composition. Though the bulk InAs1-yPy substrates show high optical transmission out to long wavelengths as well as high carrier mobility, they exhibit random compositional fluctuations across the substrate area. C1 [Wei, J.; Barnes, J.; Guha, S.; Gonzalez, L. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wei, J.; Barnes, J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wei, J.; Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rajagopalan, G.] United Semicond LLC, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Yung.Yeo@afit.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1432-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 728GF UT WOS:000287861900001 ER PT J AU Douglas, EA Chang, CY Cheney, DJ Gila, BP Lo, CF Lu, L Holzworth, R Whiting, P Jones, K Via, GD Kim, J Jang, S Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Douglas, E. A. Chang, C. Y. Cheney, D. J. Gila, B. P. Lo, C. F. Lu, Liu Holzworth, R. Whiting, P. Jones, K. Via, G. D. Kim, Jinhyung Jang, Soohwan Ren, Fan Pearton, S. J. TI AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor degradation under on- and off-state stress SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Reliability of Compound Semiconductors (ROCS) CY MAY 17, 2010 CL Portland, OR ID UNPASSIVATED GAN/ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; RELIABILITY; MECHANISMS; RF AB AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) with various gate lengths have been step-stressed under both on- and off-state conditions. On-state, high power stress tests were performed on 0.17 mu m gate length HEMTs and a single 5 mu m spaced TLM pattern. Significant degradation of the submicron HEMTs as compared to the excellent stability of the TLM patterns under the same stress conditions reveal that the Schottky contact is the source of degradation. Off-state stress showed a linear relationship between the critical degradation voltage and gate length, though two dimensional ATLAS/Blaze simulations show that the maximum electric field is similar for all gate lengths. Additionally, as the drain bias was increased, the critical voltage decreased. However, the cumulative bias between the gate and drain remained constant, further indicating that the electric field is the main mechanism for degradation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Douglas, E. A.; Chang, C. Y.; Gila, B. P.; Holzworth, R.; Whiting, P.; Jones, K.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cheney, D. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lo, C. F.; Lu, Liu; Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Via, G. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Jinhyung; Jang, Soohwan] Dankook Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Yongin 448701, South Korea. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223; NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.09.024 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 722UK UT WOS:000287460300005 ER PT J AU Basu, B Jasperse, JR Lund, EJ Grossbard, N AF Basu, B. Jasperse, J. R. Lund, E. J. Grossbard, N. TI Origin of ion-cyclotron turbulence in the downward Birkeland current region SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL FIELD LINES; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; WAVES; INSTABILITIES; DRIVEN; BEAM; BAND AB Linear stability analysis of the electron velocity distributions, which are observed in the FAST satellite measurements in the downward Birkeland current region of the magnetosphere, is presented. The satellite-measured particle (electrons and protons) velocity distributions are fitted with analytic functions and the dispersion relation is derived in terms of the plasma dispersion functions associated with those distribution functions. Numerical solutions of the dispersion relation show that the bump-on-tail structure of the electron velocity distribution can excite electrostatic ion-cyclotron instabilities by the Landau resonance mechanism. Nonlinear evolution of these instabilities may explain the observed electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence in the Birkeland current region. Excitation of other types of instabilities by the fitted electron velocity distributions and their relevance are also discussed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3552156] C1 [Basu, B.; Jasperse, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Lund, E. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grossbard, N.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Lund, Eric/0000-0003-1312-9375 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation [ATM-0703099] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). E.J.L. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ATM-0703099. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 AR 022901 DI 10.1063/1.3552156 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 727PH UT WOS:000287812900038 ER PT J AU Squires, MB Stickney, JA Carlson, EJ Baker, PM Buchwald, WR Wentzell, S Miller, SM AF Squires, Matthew B. Stickney, James A. Carlson, Evan J. Baker, Paul M. Buchwald, Walter R. Wentzell, Sandra Miller, Steven M. TI Atom chips on direct bonded copper substrates SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NEUTRAL ATOMS; TRAPS; TEMPERATURE AB We present the use of direct bonded copper (DBC) for the straightforward fabrication of high power atom chips. Atom chips using DBC have several benefits: excellent copper/substrate adhesion, high purity, thick (>100 mu m) copper layers, high substrate thermal conductivity, high aspect ratio wires, the potential for rapid (<8 h) fabrication, and three-dimensional atom chip structures. Two mask options for DBC atom chip fabrication are presented, as well as two methods for etching wire patterns into the copper layer. A test chip, able to support 100 A of current for 2 s without failing, is used to determine the thermal impedance of the DBC. An assembly using two DBC atom chips is used to magnetically trap laser cooled (87)Rb atoms. The wire aspect ratio that optimizes the magnetic field gradient as a function of power dissipation is determined to be 0.84:1 (height: width). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3529434] C1 [Squires, Matthew B.; Stickney, James A.; Carlson, Evan J.; Baker, Paul M.; Buchwald, Walter R.; Wentzell, Sandra; Miller, Steven M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Squires, MB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301DS/03VS02COR] FX This work was funded under the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under program/task 2301DS/03VS02COR. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 2 AR 023101 DI 10.1063/1.3529434 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 727PM UT WOS:000287813400001 PM 21361567 ER PT J AU Koch, KJ AF Koch, Karl J. TI US Air Force Puts Large Chamber SEM Technology to Good Use SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Tinker AFB, Met Anal Sect, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Koch, KJ (reprint author), Tinker AFB, Met Anal Sect, 76 MXSS MXDTAC, Oklahoma City, OK USA. EM karl.koch@tinker.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 169 IS 2 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725GW UT WOS:000287634200002 ER PT J AU Heimbuch, BK Wallace, WH Kinney, K Lumley, AE Wu, CY Woo, MH Wander, JD AF Heimbuch, Brian K. Wallace, William H. Kinney, Kimberly Lumley, April E. Wu, Chang-Yu Woo, Myung-Heui Wander, Joseph D. TI A pandemic influenza preparedness study: Use of energetic methods to decontaminate filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with H1N1 aerosols and droplets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Disinfection; reuse; infection control; microwave; respirator; steam; UVGI; virus ID AIRBORNE VIRUSES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; INACTIVATION; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; 20TH-CENTURY; IRRADIATION; SURFACES; SERUM AB Background: A major concern among health care experts is a projected shortage of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during an influenza pandemic. One option for mitigating an FFR shortage is to decontaminate and reuse the devices. Many parameters, including biocidal efficacy, filtration performance, pressure drop, fit, and residual toxicity, must be evaluated to verify the effectiveness of this strategy. The focus of this research effort was on evaluating the ability of microwave-generated steam, warm moist heat, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation at 254 nm to decontaminate H1N1 influenza virus. Methods: Six commercially available FFR models were contaminated with H1N1 influenza virus as aerosols or droplets that are representative of human respiratory secretions. A subset of the FFRs was treated with the aforementioned decontamination technologies, whereas the remaining FFRs were used to evaluate the H1N1 challenge applied to the devices. Results: All 3 decontamination technologies provided >4-log reduction of viable H1N1 virus. In 93% of our experiments, the virus was reduced to levels below the limit of detection of the method used. Conclusions: These data are encouraging and may contribute to the evolution of effective strategies for the decontamination and reuse of FFRs. C1 [Wu, Chang-Yu; Woo, Myung-Heui] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL USA. RP Heimbuch, BK (reprint author), 104 Res Rd,Bldg 9719, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. EM bheimbuch@ara.com OI wallace, william, hamish/0000-0001-8080-5674 FU Technical Support Working Group [CM-CM-2868] FX This research was funded by Technical Support Working Group Grant CM-CM-2868. The authors thank their colleagues from NIOSH (Dr. Ron Shaffer, Dr. Kimberly Faulkner, Ed Fisher, Dennis Viscusi, and Michael Bergman) and from FDA (Dr. Marilyn Lightfoote, Dr. Michelle Chenault, Nancy Pluhowski, Dr. Vicki Hitchins, and Dr. Reza Sadaie) for their critical reviews of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 BP E1 EP E9 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.07.004 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 714JP UT WOS:000286806200001 PM 21145624 ER PT J AU Sacha, JJ Quinn, JM AF Sacha, Joshua J. Quinn, James M. TI The environment, the airway, and the athlete SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA; SWIMMING POOL ATTENDANCE; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; COLD-AIR; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; INFLAMMATORY CELLS; ALLERGIC RHINITIS AB Objective: To review the interaction of environmental factors with host conditions, including atopy, the potential resulting impaired upper and lower airway function, and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in the athlete. Data Sources: OVID, MEDLINE, and Pub Med searches were performed cross-referencing the keywords: asthma, athlete, atopy, bronchospasm, exercise, pollution, and rhinitis. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on relevance to the subject matter. Results: Recent studies have yielded significant advances in our understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can potentially result in impaired function of the airways of athletes. Extrinsic factors include environmental exposure to temperature, humidity, aeroallergens, irritants, and pollution. Intrinsic factors include atopy, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anatomical variants. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect both the athlete's quality of life and athletic performance. However, uncertainty remains regarding relative contributions of these factors in explaining the high degree of bronchospasm seen in various populations of athletes with and without asthma, and no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Conclusions: Great variability exists in the presentation, laboratory findings, diagnostic maneuvers, and response to therapeutic measures among populations of athletes in different sports and among individuals. An improved understanding of the unique exposures faced by athletes in different disciplines, of the available tests for pursuing the appropriate diagnosis, and of the available therapies will allow the allergist to provide clinical improvement and allow the athlete to find relief and achieve his/her full potential. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:81-88. C1 [Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Sect, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sacha, JJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS SGOMA Allergy Immunol Sect 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Joshua.sacha@lackland.af.mil NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.06.004 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 721VU UT WOS:000287386700003 PM 21277508 ER PT J AU Rao, X Hammack, S Lee, T Carter, C Matveev, IB AF Rao, Xing Hammack, Steve Lee, Tonghun Carter, Campbell Matveev, Igor B. TI Combustion Dynamics of Plasma-Enhanced Premixed and Nonpremixed Flames (vol 38, pg 3265, 2010) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Rao, Xing; Hammack, Steve; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Matveev, Igor B.] Appl Plasma Technol, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Rao, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI rao, xing/G-8464-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 822 EP 822 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2106694 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 717ZN UT WOS:000287088000029 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, S Yu, ZG Gonzalez, LP Guha, S AF Krishnamurthy, Srini Yu, Zhi Gang Gonzalez, Leonel P. Guha, Shekhar TI Temperature- and wavelength-dependent two-photon and free-carrier absorption in GaAs, InP, GaInAs, and InAsP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERBAND ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; COEFFICIENTS; PROPAGATION; SOLIDS; INSB AB We present full-band structure calculations of temperature-and wavelength-dependent two-photon absorption coefficients and free-carrier absorption cross sections in GaAs, InP, and 0.92 eV-band gap Ga64In36As and InP60As40 alloys. The calculated coefficient decreases with increasing wavelength and band gap but increases with temperature. Using detailed band structure analysis, we identify various contributions to the free-carrier absorption in GaAs and InP. Although the free-carrier absorption is found to arise predominantly from hole absorption, we show that direct absorption by excited electrons is possible, leading to an enhanced free-carrier absorption coefficient. This excited state absorption could be exploited to modulate the transmission of light at communication wavelengths (of 1.33 or 1.55 mu m) with, for example, the more commonly available 0.8 mu m diode laser. We further show that the high-intensity transmission calculated with our values of nonlinear parameters in GaAs agrees very well with the measured values. c 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3533775] C1 [Krishnamurthy, Srini; Yu, Zhi Gang] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, S (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM srini@sri.com RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009; OI , Zhi-Gang/0000-0002-1376-9025 FU U.S. Air Force through General Dynamics Information Technology [USAF-5408-19-SC-0009] FX The authors (S.K. and Z.Y.) gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the U.S. Air Force through General Dynamics Information Technology Contract No. USAF-5408-19-SC-0009. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3 AR 033102 DI 10.1063/1.3533775 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 721PC UT WOS:000287366000003 ER PT J AU Mattei, P Wisco, O AF Mattei, Peter Wisco, Oliver TI Dermatologic capecitabine reactions: A case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 04-08, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 [Mattei, Peter] Mcguire AFB, Mcguire AFB, NJ USA. [Wisco, Oliver] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB113 EP AB113 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 714AY UT WOS:000286780500444 ER PT J AU Mattei, P Hivnor, C Murchland, M Wisco, O Johnson, R AF Mattei, Peter Hivnor, Chad Murchland, Michael Wisco, Oliver Johnson, Ryan TI Atypical secondary syphilis: A case report and review of uncommon presentations of secondary syphilis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 04-08, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 [Mattei, Peter] Meguire AFB, Mcguire AFB, NJ USA. [Hivnor, Chad; Murchland, Michael; Wisco, Oliver; Johnson, Ryan] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB99 EP AB99 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 714AY UT WOS:000286780500390 ER PT J AU Wohltmann, W Lappan, C Henning, S AF Wohltmann, Wendi Lappan, Charles Henning, Scott TI Teledermoscopy of pigmented lesions: A pilot study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 04-08, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 [Wohltmann, Wendi] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Lappan, Charles] Great Plains Med Reg Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Henning, Scott] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB76 EP AB76 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 714AY UT WOS:000286780500296 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Pitotti, RL Borys, DJ Morgan, DL AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Pitotti, Rebecca L. Borys, Doug J. Morgan, David L. TI Seven years of cyanide ingestions in the USA: critically ill patients are common, but antidote use is not SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMOKE-INHALATION; HYDROXOCOBALAMIN AB Background Cyanide is a common toxin in structural fires and a salt that is ingested for suicide. However, most studies have focused on the effects of inhaled cyanide. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of cyanide ingestions, symptoms, cardiac arrest and antidotal therapy used as reported to all US poison centres over 7 years. Methods A retrospective review of cases over 7 years as reported to 61 poison centres in the USA was performed. Sole ingestions of cyanide were identified. A trained reviewer used a standard data collection sheet within a secured electronic database. Age, intent, clinical effects, treatments, antidotes and outcomes were recorded. One investigator audited a random sample of charts. Results Out of 1741 exposures, 435 ingestions were identified. Most were male (68%) and the mean age was 34 years (range 1 month-83 years). 45% of cases were intentional, most commonly as a suicide attempt. 8.3% of cases died and 9% (38/435) of patients had cardiac arrest or hypotension. 13% of all cases and 26% of cases arriving at a healthcare facility received an antidote. In 35% of cases of cardiac arrest or hypotension, and in 74% of intentional ingestions, antidotes were not given. Conclusions Suicide attempt was the most common reason for cyanide ingestion. Most of these patients died. Cardiac arrest or hypotension was common, but antidote use was not, particularly in critically ill patients. Research is needed to improve outcomes of cyanide-induced hypotension and cardiac arrest and to reduce barriers to antidote use. C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Pitotti, Rebecca L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Borys, Doug J.; Morgan, David L.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Borys, Doug J.; Morgan, David L.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Temple, TX 76508 USA. [Morgan, David L.] Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Temple, TX 76508 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1472-0205 J9 EMERG MED J JI Emerg. Med. J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1136/emj.2009.089896 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 706AD UT WOS:000286182200017 PM 20511644 ER PT J AU Blackaby, JM Rigling, BD Hanna, PM AF Blackaby, J. M. Rigling, B. D. Hanna, P. M. TI Simultaneous radar frequency/electro-optical tracking and characterisation of dismounts SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; GAIT RECOGNITION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORM; MOTION; CUES AB This study discusses the fusion of radar frequency (RF) data and electro-optical (EO) data for tracking and characterisation of dismounts (i.e. humans). Each of these sensor modalities provides unique information about the location, structure and movement of a dismount. The person's location is tracked on the 2D ground plane using RF data for range measurements and EO data for angle measurements. Using this information, measurements are made on the structure and dynamic motion (gait) of the person. An imaging approach is used to create spatio-temporal activity maps along with a three-dimensional reconstruction of the dismount. C1 [Blackaby, J. M.; Rigling, B. D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Hanna, P. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackaby, JM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM brian.rigling@wright.edu FU AFRL [FA8650-07-D-1220] FX This material is based on research sponsored by AFRL under agreement number FA8650-07-D-1220. The US Government is authorised to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 EI 1751-9683 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2009.0006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 722PO UT WOS:000287447000006 ER PT J AU Roy, S Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Lucht, Robert P. Gord, James R. TI Dynamics of the moments of angular momentum distribution during generation of laser-induced polarization spectroscopy (LIPS) signal SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE FLAMES; QUANTITATIVE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; DEGENERATE 4-WAVE-MIXING SPECTROSCOPY; STATE RECOVERY RATES; RELAXATION-TIMES; OH; ALIGNMENT; ORIENTATION; PROBE; POPULATION AB The effects of laser-induced anisotropy on the generation of the short-pulse laser-induced polarization spectroscopy (LIPS) signal is investigated by direct numerical integration (DNI) of the time-dependent density matrix equations. The calculations are performed in the short-pulse regime (laser pulse width tau(L) less than characteristic collision time tau(C)) to reduce the influence of collisions on the generation of medium anisotropies. The Zeeman-state structure of the upper and lower energy levels is included in the multistate formulation of the density matrix equations. For a P-branch transition when the isotropic ground-level population is pumped by a circularly polarized light, oriented anisotropy is mainly responsible for the LIPS signal generation; whereas, when the resonance is pumped by a linearly polarized light, aligned anisotropy is mainly responsible. For a Q-branch transition that is pumped by a circularly polarized light, the contributions to the LIPS signal from orientation and alignment are comparable. The effects of saturation on the induced anisotropy is also investigated. The magnitude of the LIPS signal increases by more than a factor of 14 for an initial right circularly polarized-oriented anisotropic distribution in the ground Zeeman states as opposed to an isotropic distribution. An understanding of the effects of anisotropy on the LIPS signal will aid the modeling of the LIPS signal-generation processes and the interpretation of experimental LIPS signals. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [FG02-03ER15391] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [Ms. Amy Lunch, Program Manager] under contract FA8650-10-C-2008, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Dr. Tatjana Curcic, Program Manager], and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under grant FG02-03ER15391. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 208 EP 219 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.28.000208 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 716BY UT WOS:000286941100002 ER PT J AU McClung, AJW Tandon, GP Goecke, KE Baur, JW AF McClung, A. J. W. Tandon, G. P. Goecke, K. E. Baur, J. W. TI Non-contact technique for characterizing full-field surface deformation of shape memory polymers at elevated and room temperatures SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE Shape memory polymers; Digital image correlation; Poisson's ratio; Hencky strain; Non-contact methods AB Thermally activated shape memory polymers (SMPs) can display modulus changes of approximately three orders of magnitude in transitioning from the high modulus, "glassy" state below the glass transition temperature (T-g) to the low modulus, "rubbery" state above the T-g. In the high temperature region, SMPs can achieve strain levels well above 100%. Their complex behavior includes large modulus changes to as low as similar to 1 MPa, extremely high strain levels, and path dependent properties, thus precluding the use of traditional strain gages and low-contact force extensometers. The present study presents a comparison of thermomechanical testing techniques developed to characterize the material behavior of SMPs. Specifically, the performance of strain measurements using contact methods (clip-on extensometers and adhesive strain gages) are compared to non-contact methods (laser extensometer and digital image correlation). An MTS environmental chamber with an observation window allows for non-contact optical measurements during testing. A series of tensile tests are performed on a commercial SMP (with a T-g of similar to 105 degrees C) at 25 degrees C and at 130 degrees C. It is observed that the clip-on extensometer significantly affects the SMP behavior even in the low temperature, high modulus state. Overall, the laser extensometer provides a robust method for controlling the axial strain in the gage section of the samples at moderate strain rates. The digital image correlation allows for full field measurement of both axial and transverse strains of SMPs over a range of temperatures and strain rates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McClung, A. J. W.; Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K. E.; Baur, J. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K. E.] Univ Dayton Res Ins, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP McClung, AJW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mcclunga2@asme.org FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while the primary author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.11.010 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 722WQ UT WOS:000287466400019 ER PT J AU Allam, CL Xu, M Medendorp, A Knight, R Dixon, P Weld, KJ AF Allam, Christopher L. Xu, Michelle Medendorp, Andrew Knight, Richard Dixon, Patricia Weld, Kyle J. TI Determination of Renal Hypothermic Temperature Adequacy for Renoprotection During Ischemia Using Renal Interstitial Glycerol Concentrations in a Porcine Model SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; ICE-SLUSH; PARENCHYMAL HYPOTHERMIA; PERFUSION; TIME AB OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of renal cooling on interstitial glycerol concentration during renal ischemia. The rate of cellular release of glycerol into the interstitial fluid at various hypothermic temperatures during ischemia was used to assess adequacy for renoprotection at those temperatures. METHODS Twenty-four renal units in 12 pigs underwent ischemia during measurement of renal interstitial fluid glycerol concentration. Kidneys were categorized into a body temperature control group or various hypothermic temperature groups (n = 4): 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 25 degrees. RESULTS The glycerol concentration of all kidneys increased directly with ischemic time. The rate of increase in glycerol concentrations over ischemic time decreased sequentially as renal temperature decreased. The glycerol concentration of the kidneys cooled to 25 degrees C during ischemia was significantly less (P = .03) relative to the glycerol levels obtained from the kidneys subjected to warm ischemia at 120 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Renal hypothermia decreases the rate of cellular release of glycerol into the interstitial fluid. Hypothermia at 25 degrees C doubles the time required for renal interstitial glycerol to accumulate to levels associated with irreparable renal function damage. Therefore, relatively warmer hypothermic temperatures may be sufficient to extend a significant renoprotective effect during ischemia. UROLOGY 77: 508.e1-508.e4, 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Dept Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Weld, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol SGCXU, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Kyle.weld@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 AR 508.e1 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2010.08.011 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 715XG UT WOS:000286927700064 PM 21109299 ER PT J AU Noren, C Vorobieff, P Truman, CR Madden, TJ AF Noren, Carrie Vorobieff, Peter Truman, C. Randall Madden, Timothy J. TI Mixing in a supersonic COIL laser: influence of trip jets SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; CROSS-FLOW; TRANSVERSE INJECTION; CHEMICAL-LASER; FLUORESCENCE; TRANSITION; NOZZLES AB We present an experimental study of a supersonic nozzle with supersonic iodine injection. This nozzle simulates Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) flow conditions with non-reacting, cold flows. During the experiments, we used a laser sheet near 565 nm to excite fluorescence in iodine, which we imaged with an intensified and gated CCD camera. We captured streamwise and semi-spanwise (oblique-view) images, with fluorescence revealing the material injected into the flow. We identified the flow structures in the images, and produced quantitative characterizations of the flow morphology and of the mixing between the primary and injected flow. We considered four injection scenarios. The first scenario includes a single injector positioned downstream of the nozzle throat. To enhance the mixing between the flows, trip jets are placed in the wake of the single jet. The sonic trip jets, significantly smaller than the primary supersonic iodine jet, are intended to destabilize the counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP) of the primary jet. We compare three different trip jet configurations for their ability to enhance mixing between the oxygen and iodine flows. C1 [Noren, Carrie; Madden, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Vorobieff, Peter; Truman, C. Randall] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Vorobieff, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, MSC01 1150, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM Carrie.Noren@kirtland.af.mil; kalmoth@unm.edu; truman@unm.edu; timothy.madden@kirtland.af.mil RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2011 VL 50 IS 2 BP 443 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0927-8 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 711VQ UT WOS:000286619900018 ER PT J AU Bentley, ES Kondi, LP Matyjas, JD Medley, MJ Suter, BW AF Bentley, Elizabeth S. Kondi, Lisimachos P. Matyjas, John D. Medley, Michael J. Suter, Bruce W. TI Spread Spectrum Visual Sensor Network Resource Management Using an End-to-End Cross-Layer Design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA LA English DT Article DE Code division multiple access (CDMA); convolutional codes; cross-layer; H.264; joint source-channel coding; multimedia communications; power control; resource allocation; spread spectrum; visual sensor network ID POWER-CONTROL; SCALABLE VIDEO; INTERFERENCE AB In this paper, we propose an approach to manage network resources for a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) visual sensor network where nodes monitor scenes with varying levels of motion. It uses cross-layer optimization across the physical layer, the link layer, and the application layer. Our technique simultaneously assigns a source coding rate, a channel coding rate, and a power level to all nodes in the network based on one of two criteria that maximize the quality of video of the entire network as a whole, subject to a constraint on the total chip rate. One criterion results in the minimal average end-to-end distortion amongst all nodes, while the other criterion minimizes the maximum distortion of the network. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the cross-layer optimization. C1 [Bentley, Elizabeth S.; Kondi, Lisimachos P.; Matyjas, John D.; Medley, Michael J.; Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kondi, Lisimachos P.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Comp Sci, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Bentley, ES (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. FU Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme FX Manuscript received July 10, 2009; revised January 31, 2010 and July 16, 2010; accepted September 17, 2010. Date of publication October 11, 2010; date of current version January 19, 2011. This work was supported by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Qian Zhang. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1520-9210 J9 IEEE T MULTIMEDIA JI IEEE Trans. Multimedia PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1109/TMM.2010.2086441 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 708TJ UT WOS:000286386900013 ER PT J AU Reis, G Liu, Y Havig, P Heft, E AF Reis, George Liu, Yan Havig, Paul Heft, Eric TI The effects of target location and target distinction on visual search in a depth display SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Depth; Visual search; Eccentricity; Multi-layered display; Saliency; Redundant coding ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SPACE; ATTENTION; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY; ISSUES; ACUITY; SIZE AB Research of human-centered computing systems in industry should not avoid advances in visual display technology for safety, warning, and interaction. Novel 3D displays that present information in real depth offer potential benefits. Previous research has studied depth in visual search but depth was mostly not realized by real physical separation. Many areas of Human Factors could be augmented with the study and evaluation for operation of novel 3D displays. Such a study was presented to better understand the effects of real physical depth in association with depth redundantly coded with another feature (an additional mark on a target) distinguishing it from distracters and target location on visual search in a depth display. Target location was studied as the row or column in the visual field of view the target was positioned and also in terms of eccentricity outwardly from the center of the display. In general, depth was found to be of benefit when redundantly coded with another attribute for guiding attention. Targets were not found as fast when the target's location was further from the center fixation point, and interactions between target distinction (depth, mark, or depth+mark) and target location provide implications for designers. C1 [Reis, George; Havig, Paul; Heft, Eric] 711 HPW RHCV Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, Yan] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Reis, G (reprint author), 711 HPW RHCV Wright Patterson Air Force Base, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM George.Reis@wpafb.af.mil; Yan.Liu@wright.edu; Paul.Havig@wpafb.af.mil; Eric.Heft@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0956-5515 J9 J INTELL MANUF JI J. Intell. Manuf. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10845-009-0280-z PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 705FZ UT WOS:000286115600004 ER PT J AU Krishnaji, ST Huang, WW Rabotyagova, O Kharlampieva, E Choi, I Tsukruk, VV Naik, R Cebe, P Kaplan, DL AF Krishnaji, Sreevidhya T. Huang, Wenwen Rabotyagova, Olena Kharlampieva, Eugenia Choi, Ikjun Tsukruk, Vladimir V. Naik, Rajesh Cebe, Peggy Kaplan, David L. TI Thin Film Assembly of Spider Silk-like Block Copolymers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; CLAVIPES DRAGLINE SILK; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; NEPHILA-CLAVIPES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SURFACE; CONFORMATION; ORIENTATION AB We report the self-assembly of monolayers of spider silk-like block copolymers. Langmuir isotherms were obtained for a series of bioengineered variants of the spider silks, and stable monolayers were generated. Langmuir-Blodgett films were prepared by transferring the monolayers onto silica substrates and were subsequently analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Static contact angle measurements were performed to characterize interactions across the interface (thin film, water, air), and molecular modeling was used to predict 3D conformation of spider silk-like block copolymers. The influence of molecular architecture and volume fraction of the proteins on the self-assembly process was assessed. At high surface pressure, spider silk-like block copolymers with minimal hydrophobic block (f(A) = 12%) formed oblate structures, whereas block copolymer with a 6-fold larger hydrophobic domain (f(A) = 46%) formed prolate structures. The varied morphologies obtained with increased hydrophobicity offer new options for biomaterials for coatings and related options. The design and use of bioengineered protein block copolymers assembled at air-water interfaces provides a promising approach to compare 2D microstructures and molecular architectures of these amphiphiles, leading to more rationale designs for a range of nanoengineered biomaterial needs as well as providing a basis of comparison to more traditional synthetic block copolymer systems. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Choi, Ikjun; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Krishnaji, Sreevidhya T.; Rabotyagova, Olena; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Krishnaji, Sreevidhya T.; Rabotyagova, Olena; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Huang, Wenwen; Cebe, Peggy] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu; david.kaplan@tufts.edu FU AFOSR; NSF FX We thank the AFOSR and the NSF for financial support. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1021/la102638j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 710BL UT WOS:000286485600021 PM 21207952 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A AF Jiao, Charles Q. Ganguly, Biswa N. Garscadden, Alan TI Cracking of selected hydrocarbon gases in a low-power, low-pressure RF plasma SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; THRESHOLD; HYDROGEN; H-2 AB The cracking of four hydrocarbons, C(3)H(8), C(2)H(6), C(2)H(4) and CH(4), separately, in an Ar plasma has been investigated. Ions observed in electron impact ionization mass spectra of the plasma are used to probe the neutral components of the plasma. A matrix of data of ion intensities under varying rf powers (0-30 W) and gas pressures (100-400 mTorr), for the four hydrocarbon gases has been collected, and the rates of the depletion of the hydrocarbons in the plasma and the formation of H(2) from the cracking of the hydrocarbons, under the varying experimental conditions, have been evaluated. Among the four hydrocarbons, C(2)H(4) undergoes cracking most readily and CH(4) yields the most amount of H(2) from plasma cracking. C1 [Jiao, Charles Q.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.; Garscadden, Alan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015013 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/20/1/015013 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 711LD UT WOS:000286592200014 ER PT J AU Von Thesling, GH Coffman, CB Hundemer, GL Stuart, RP AF Von Thesling, Genevieve H. Coffman, Charles B. Hundemer, Gregory L. Stuart, Rory P. TI In-Flight Urine Collection Device: Efficacy, Maintenance, and Complications in U-2 Pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE in-flight urination; sheath catheter; pressure suit; life support; incontinence; high-altitude; reconnaissance ID CATHETERS; TRIAL; INCONTINENCE; DERMATITIS; FLOW AB VON THESLING GH, COFFMAN CB, HUNDEMER GL, STUART RP. In-flight urine collection device: efficacy, maintenance, and complications in U-2 pilots. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:116-22. Introduction: Urine collection systems for in-flight use have gradually improved over the past 50 yr; however, current management of urine evacuation remains suboptimal. This is a cross-sectional survey-based study on the current urine collection device employed in the U.S. Air Force's U-25 airframe, examining efficacy, problems with wear, device maintenance, and complaint reporting. Methods: An anonymous survey consisting of 18 questions was generated inquiring about problems with wear of the urine collection system, care of the device, and education. The survey was offered at Beale AFB and overseas U-2 locations to pilots with at least 180 h of flying experience with the airframe. Results: There were 57 subjects who completed the survey with 62.5% reporting complications, including mechanical dysfunction, pain and poor fit, skin irritation, allergic reaction, embarrassment, and urethral issues. Variation was seen in the degree of problem reporting and care of the device. Discussion and literature review is provided on in-flight and space urine collection and evacuation systems, sheath catheters, urine and contact dermatitis, urethritis, external catheter sizing methods, and psychological aspects of catheter use. Conclusions: The majority of surveyed pilots experienced various problems associated with wear of their urine collection device. Also, variation in reporting and care of the device exists. Potential improvements include standardization of fitting procedures and device maintenance, increased catheter draining capacity, use of skin barriers to urine, enhanced privacy measures, and incorporation of less injurious structural materials such as silicone. C1 [Von Thesling, Genevieve H.; Coffman, Charles B.; Hundemer, Gregory L.] Dept Flight Med, Beale AFB, CA USA. [Stuart, Rory P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Gen Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Von Thesling, GH (reprint author), 15301 Warren Shingle Rd, Beale AFB, CA 95903 USA. EM gvonthes@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2909.2011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 710ZE UT WOS:000286554700007 PM 21329026 ER PT J AU Johnson, RP Krauland, K Owens, NM Peckham, S AF Johnson, Ryan P. Krauland, Kevin Owens, Nicole M. Peckham, Stephen TI Renal Medullary Carcinoma Metastatic to the Scalp SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE renalmedullary carcinoma; cutaneous metastasis; scalp mass ID CUTANEOUS METASTASES; CELL CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY; SKIN; P63 AB A 40-year-old woman presented to the Brooke Army Medical Center Emergency Department complaining of 2 episodes of gross hematuria. Computed tomography and intravenous pyelogram revealed a right renal mass. A radical nephrectomy was performed with complete excision of the mass with negative margins on histological examination. The patient was diagnosed with renal medullary carcinoma, Fuhrman grade 4, based upon histological examination. A positron emission tomography scan revealed no other evidence of the disease. The pathologic stage was stage I renal medullary carcinoma. Four months after her nephrectomy, the patient developed a papule on her right frontal scalp. Initially thought to be a cyst, the papule increased in size over the course of 2 months and eventually ulcerated. At that time, she presented to the Wilford Hall Medical Center Dermatology Clinic with a 2.5-cm ulcerated tumor with pink rolled borders. A punch biopsy of the tumor revealed an infiltrating carcinoma with scattered glandular lumina and desmoplastic and mucinous stroma. The carcinoma was completely intradermal. Expert consultation confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic renal medullary carcinoma. Clear cell (conventional) and papillary renal cell carcinomas are known to metastasize to the skin, including the scalp. Renal medullary carcinoma commonly metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes, lung, liver, or adrenals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cutaneous metastasis of renal medullary carcinoma. C1 [Johnson, Ryan P.; Krauland, Kevin; Owens, Nicole M.; Peckham, Stephen] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Johnson, RP (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM ryan.johnson@lockland.af.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP E11 EP E13 DI 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181e4b4eb PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 706DF UT WOS:000286196800003 PM 21048487 ER PT J AU Xiao, J Lozova, N Losovyj, YB Wooten, D Ketsman, I Swinney, MW Petrosky, J McClory, J Burak, YV Adamiv, VT Brant, AT Dowben, PA AF Xiao, Jie Lozova, N. Losovyj, Ya. B. Wooten, D. Ketsman, I. Swinney, M. W. Petrosky, J. McClory, J. Burak, Ya. V. Adamiv, V. T. Brant, A. T. Dowben, P. A. TI Surface charging at the (1 0 0) surface of Cu doped and undoped Li2B4O7 SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Oxide dielectric layers; Lithium borate; Surface photovoltaic charging ID RICH NEUTRON DETECTORS; BORON-CARBIDE DIODE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTOEMISSION; GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTOR; PHOTOVOLTAGE; OVERLAYERS AB We ave compared the photovoltaic charging of the (1 0 0) surface termination for Cu doped and undoped Li2B4O7. While the surface charging at the (1 0 0) surface of Li2B4O7 is significantly greater than observed at (1 1 0) surface, the Cu doping plays a role in reducing the surface photovoltage effects. With Cu doping of Li2B4O7, the surface photovoltaic charging is much diminished at the (1 0 0) surface. The density of states observed with combined photoemission and inverse photoemission remains similar to that observed for the undoped material, except in the vicinity of the conduction band edge. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Ketsman, I.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Ketsman, I.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Lozova, N.; Losovyj, Ya. B.] Louisiana State Univ, J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Wooten, D.; Swinney, M. W.; Petrosky, J.; McClory, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burak, Ya. V.; Adamiv, V. T.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Brant, A. T.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Theodore Jorgensen Hall,855 N 16th St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Xiao, Jie/E-9640-2012; OI Xiao, Jie/0000-0002-2320-6111; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; NSF [DMR-0820521] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128), the NSF "QSPINS" MRSEC (DMR-0820521) at UNL. The authors would like to thank Shan Yang (sic) and L. E. Halliburton for technical support and insights into the EPR spectra. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 257 IS 8 BP 3399 EP 3403 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.033 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 705ZM UT WOS:000286179800043 ER PT J AU Llewellyn, LC Hopkinson, KM Graham, SR AF Llewellyn, Larry C. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Graham, Scott R. TI Distributed Fault-Tolerant Quality of Wireless Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Fault-tolerant distributed routing; mobile computing; wireless networks ID AD HOC NETWORKS AB A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a group of communicating hosts that form an arbitrary network topology by means of any of several wireless communication media. MANET communications represent a diversification in communication technology necessary to solve the stringent end-to-end requirements of QoS-based communication networks. Of the many challenges in this complex distributed system, the problem of routing based on a predefined set of customer preferences, critical to guaranteeing quality-of-service, is the focus of this research. Specifically, this paper modifies a cluster-based QoS routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks with the aim of providing fault tolerance, which is a critical feature in providing QoS in the link failure-prone environment of mobile networks. Performance of this new fault-tolerant cluster-based QoS wireless algorithm is evaluated according to failure recovery time, dropped packets, throughput, and sustained flow bandwidth via simulations involving node failure scenarios along QoS paths. C1 [Llewellyn, Larry C.] HQ AFNIC EVSS, Syst Validat Branch, Scott Afb, IL 62225 USA. [Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Graham, Scott R.] USAF, Inst Technol AFIT ENG, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Llewellyn, LC (reprint author), HQ AFNIC EVSS, Syst Validat Branch, 203 W Losey St, Scott Afb, IL 62225 USA. EM Larry_C.Llewellyn@us.af.mil; Kenneth.Hopkinson@afit.edu; Scott.Graham.5@us.af.mil OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 EI 1558-0660 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1109/TMC.2010.148 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 696SB UT WOS:000285460600002 ER PT J AU Qu, LT Vaia, RA Dai, LM AF Qu, Liangti Vaia, Rich A. Dai, Liming TI Multilevel, Multicomponent Microarchitectures of Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Diverse Applications SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; contact transfer; multilevel; multicomponent; multifunctionality ID PATTERNED GROWTH; CONTACT TRANSFER; FILMS; ARRAYS; MICROPATTERNS; NANOWIRE; DEVICES; FIELD AB A simple multiple contact transfer technique has been developed for controllable fabrication of multilevel, multicomponent microarchitectures of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). Three dimensional (3-D) multicomponent micropatterns of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been fabricated, which can be used to develop a newly designed touch sensor with reversible electrical responses for potential applications in electronic devices, as demonstrated in this study. The demonstrated dependence of light diffraction on structural transfiguration of the resultant CNT micropattern also indicates their potential for optical devices. Further Introduction of various components with specific properties (e.g., ZnO nanorods) into the CNT miaopatterns enabled us to tailor such surface characteristics as wettability and light response. Owing to the highly generic nature of the multiple contact transfer strategy, the methodology developed here could provide a general approach for interposing a large variety of multicomponent elements (e.g., nanotubes, nanorods/wires, photonic crystals, etc.) onto a single chip for multifunctional device applications. C1 [Qu, Liangti] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Key Lab Cluster Sci,Minist Educ China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Vaia, Rich A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Qu, LT (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Key Lab Cluster Sci,Minist Educ China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM lqu@bit.edu.cn; liming.dai@case.edu FU BIT, NSFC [21004006]; 111 Project in China [B07012]; Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20101101120036]; SRF for ROCS, SEM [20100732002]; program for the new century excellent talents in University [NCET-10-0047]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0546, FA9550-09-1-0331]; NSF [CMMI-1047655] FX L. Qu is grateful for the financial support from BIT, NSFC (21004006), the 111 Project B07012 in China, Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20101101120036), SRF for ROCS, SEM (20100732002), and the program for the new century excellent talents in University (NCET-10-0047). L. Dai is grateful for the support from AFOSR (FA9550-10-1-0546, FA9550-09-1-0331) and NSF (CMMI-1047655). NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 994 EP 1002 DI 10.1021/nn102411s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 724CN UT WOS:000287553800035 PM 21280670 ER PT J AU Kiefer, AM Paskiewicz, DM Clausen, AM Buchwald, WR Soref, RA Lagally, MG AF Kiefer, Arnold M. Paskiewicz, Deborah M. Clausen, Anna M. Buchwald, Walter R. Soref, Richard A. Lagally, Max G. TI Si/Ge Junctions Formed by Nanomembrane Bonding SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanomembrane; heterojunction; bonding; semiconductor; silicon; germanium ID TWIST GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; STRAINED-SILICON; GERMANIUM; HETEROJUNCTIONS; INTERFACE; FILMS; MEMS; SI AB We demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating heterojunctions of semiconductors with high mismatches in lattice constant and coefficient of thermal expansion by employing nanomembrane bonding. We investigate the structure of and electrical transport across the Interface of a SI/Ge bilayer formed by direct, low-temperature hydrophobic bonding of a 200 nm thick monocrystalline Si(001) membrane to a bulk Ge(001) wafer. The membrane bond has an extremely high quality, with an interfacial region of similar to 1 nm. No fracture or delamination Is observed for temperature changes greater than 350 degrees C, despite the approximately 2:1 ratio of thermal-expansion coefficients. Both the Si and the Ge maintain a high degree of crystallinity. The junction is highly conductive. The nonlinear transport behavior is fit with a tunneling model, and the bonding behavior is explained with nanomembrane mechanics. C1 [Kiefer, Arnold M.; Paskiewicz, Deborah M.; Clausen, Anna M.; Lagally, Max G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Buchwald, Walter R.; Soref, Richard A.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lagally, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lagally@engr.wisc.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0337]; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46028]; DoD; NSF FX We thank G. Sun, Z. Q. Ma, and K. Turner for advice and S. Babcock for access to facilities. This research was primarily supported by AFOSR (Nanomembrane MURI, Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0337). The TEM and other structural characterizations (D.M.P. and A.M.C.) were supported by the DOE (Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46028). A.M.K. is supported by a DoD SMART Scholarship, and D.M.P. is supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. We acknowledge facility support from NSF/MRSEC and from AFRL Hanscom. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1179 EP 1189 DI 10.1021/nn103149c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 724CN UT WOS:000287553800055 PM 21247201 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Numerical Investigation of Plasma-Based Control for Low-Reynolds-Number Airfoil Flows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th AIAA Flow Control Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Chicago, IL ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; SEPARATION CONTROL; ACTUATORS; SCHEMES; FLOWFIELDS; BLADES; VORTEX AB Large-eddy simulations are carried out to investigate the use of plasma-based actuation for the control of flows over a finite span wing at low Reynolds numbers. The wing section corresponds to the SD7003 airfoil, which is representative of those employed for micro air vehicle applications. Dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators are used to modify the transitional flow and improve aerodynamic performance. Solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, which were augmented by source terms used to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by the actuators on the fluid. Simple phenomenological models provided the body forces generated by the electric field of the plasma surrounding the actuators. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme, an implicit large-eddy-simulation approach, and domain decomposition in order to perform calculations on a parallel computing platform. Flow at a chord-based Reynolds number of 40,000 is considered in the investigation, which is characterized by laminar separation on the suction surface of the wing at low angles of attack. This separation then promotes transition to a more complex state, which can be modified by the use of plasma actuation. Several aspects of control are examined, including different actuator configurations, alternative plasma-force models, both continuous and pulsed modes of operation, and the magnitude of plasma force required for control. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.2514/1.J050755 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 720JO UT WOS:000287277200014 ER PT J AU An, XL Kraetschmer, T Takami, K Sanders, ST Ma, L Cai, WW Li, XS Roy, S Gord, JR AF An, Xinliang Kraetschmer, Thilo Takami, Kuya Sanders, Scott T. Ma, Lin Cai, Weiwei Li, Xuesong Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Validation of temperature imaging by H2O absorption spectroscopy using hyperspectral tomography in controlled experiments SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER AB This paper describes a preliminary demonstration and validation of temperature imaging using hyperspectral H2O absorption tomography in controlled experiments. Fifteen wavelengths are monitored on each of 30 laser beams to reconstruct the temperature image in a 381 mm x 381 mm square room-temperature plane that contains a 102 mm x 102 mm square zone of lower or higher temperature. The hyperspectral tomography technique attempts to leverage multispectral information to enhance measurement fidelity. The experimental temperature images exhibit average accuracies of 2.3% or better, with pixel-by-pixel standard deviations of less than 1%. In addition, even when the internal zone is only 4 K cooler than the surroundings, its presence is still detectable; statistical analysis of the associated experimental image reveals a 98% confidence that the internal zone is in fact cooler than the surroundings. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [An, Xinliang; Kraetschmer, Thilo; Takami, Kuya; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ma, Lin; Cai, Weiwei; Li, Xuesong] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP An, XL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xan@wisc.edu RI Ma, Lin/A-9441-2012; Li, Xuesong/C-4844-2014; Li, Xuesong/I-5723-2016; cai, weiwei/Q-5932-2016 OI Li, Xuesong/0000-0003-3835-8000; cai, weiwei/0000-0003-3589-7500 FU United States Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (USAFCRL) [FA8650-09-C-2946, FA8650-10-C-2008]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR FX Funding for this research was provided by United States Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (USAFCRL) under contracts FA8650-09-C-2946 and FA8650-10-C-2008 (Amy Lynch, Program Manager) and by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR; Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager). NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP A29 EP A37 DI 10.1364/AO.50.000A29 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 714JJ UT WOS:000286805600005 PM 21283218 ER PT J AU Stauffer, HU Kulatilaka, WD Hsu, PS Gord, JR Roy, S AF Stauffer, Hans U. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Hsu, Paul S. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Gas-phase thermometry using delayed-probe-pulse picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectra of H-2 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN CARS THERMOMETRY; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; H-2-N-2 MIXTURES; REACTING FLOWS; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN; FLAMES; TRANSITIONS; LINEWIDTHS AB We report the development and application of a simple theoretical model for extracting temperatures from picosecond-laser-based coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra of H-2 obtained using time-delayed probe pulses. This approach addresses the challenges associated with the effects of rotational-level-dependent decay lifetimes on time-delayed probing for CARS thermometry. A simple procedure is presented for accurate temperature determination based on a Boltzmann distribution using delayed-probe-pulse vibrational CARS spectra of H-2; this procedure requires measurement at only a select handful of probe-pulse delays and requires no assumptions about sample environment. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stauffer, Hans U.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Hsu, Paul S.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2001, FA8650-10-C-2008]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract Nos. FA8650-09-C-2001 and FA8650-10-C-2008 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager) and by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) (Drs. Tatjana Curcic and Julian Tishkoff, Program Managers). NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP A38 EP A48 DI 10.1364/AO.50.000A38 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 714JJ UT WOS:000286805600006 PM 21283219 ER PT J AU Maschmann, MR Zhang, QH Du, F Dai, LM Baur, J AF Maschmann, Matthew R. Zhang, Qiuhong Du, Feng Dai, Liming Baur, Jeffery TI Length dependent foam-like mechanical response of axially indented vertically oriented carbon nanotube arrays SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CONTACT RESISTANCE; COMPRESSION; MODULUS; ENHANCEMENT; STRENGTH; FIBERS; LOAD AB The axial compressive mechanical response of substrate-supported carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with heights from 35 to 1200 mu m is evaluated using flat punch nanoindentation with indentation depths to 200 mu m. The compressive behavior is consistent with that of an open-cell foam material with array height playing a role similar to that of occupation density for traditional foam. Mechanical yielding of all arrays is initiated between 0.03 and 0.12 strain and arises from localized coordinated plastic buckling. For intermediate CNT array heights between 190 and 650 mu m, buckle formation is highly periodic, with characteristic wavelengths between 3 and 6 mu m. Buckle formation produced substantial force oscillations in both the compressive and lateral directions. The compressive elastic modulus of the arrays is obtained as a continuous function of penetration depth and attains a value between 10 and 20 MPa for all arrays during mechanical yield. A qualitative model based upon concepts of cellular foam geometry is advanced to explain the observed CNT buckling behavior. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Zhang, Qiuhong; Baur, Jeffery] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Zhang, Qiuhong] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Du, Feng; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Baur, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeff.Baur@wpafb.af.mil OI Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.034 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 699KQ UT WOS:000285662700005 ER PT J AU Park, JH Mitchel, WC Grazulis, L Eyink, K Smith, HE Hoelscher, JE AF Park, J. H. Mitchel, W. C. Grazulis, L. Eyink, K. Smith, H. E. Hoelscher, J. E. TI Role of extended defected SIC interface layer on the growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID 6H-SIC(0001); GRAPHITE AB An extended layer of defected SiC has been observed in SiC subjected to heat treatments at 850 and 1050 degrees C prior to growth of graphene by thermal decomposition. This layer is found to strongly affect the graphene thickness, surface morphology, and Raman spectrum of graphene grown on it. By comparing the strength of the XPS signal associated with this layer it was found that the samples with stronger defected layer signal had the least number of surface pits but also showed the increase in Raman D to G band ratio. The shifts in 2D and G peaks are associated with varying amounts of strain and unintentional doping induced by the SiC defected interface layer, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, J. H.; Mitchel, W. C.; Grazulis, L.; Eyink, K.; Smith, H. E.; Hoelscher, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeongho.park@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX The authors wish to thank Mr. G. Landis for technical assistance. This work was supported by AFOSR (Dr. H. Weinstock). NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 699KQ UT WOS:000285662700034 ER PT J AU Ji, ZQ Li, YJ Pritchett, TM Makarov, NS Haley, JE Li, ZJ Drobizhev, M Rebane, A Sun, WF AF Ji, Zhiqiang Li, Yunjing Pritchett, Timothy M. Makarov, Nikolay S. Haley, Joy E. Li, Zhongjing Drobizhev, Mikhail Rebane, Aleksander Sun, Wenfang TI One-Photon Photophysics and Two-Photon Absorption of 4-[9,9-Di(2-ethylhexyl)-7-diphenylaminofluoren-2-yl]-2,2 ':6 ',2 ''-terpyridine and Their Platinum Chloride Complexes SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE luminescence; nonlinear optics; photophysics; platinum; two-photon absorption ID INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER; CONJUGATED PORPHYRIN DIMERS; CROSS-SECTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DERIVATIVES; FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULES; LUMINESCENCE; MICROFABRICATION; PHTHALOCYANINES AB The synthesis, one-photon photophysics and two-photon absorption (2PA) of three dipolar D-pi-A 4-[9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-7-diphenylaminofluoren-2-yl]-2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine and their platinum chloride complexes with different linkers between the donor and acceptor are reported. All ligands exhibit (1)pi,pi* transition in the UV and (1)pi,pi*/(1)ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) transition in the visible regions, while the complexes display a lower-energy (1)pi,pi*/(1)CT (charge trans-fer) transition in the visible region in addition to the high-energy (1)pi,pi* transitions. All ligands and the complexes are emissive at room temperature and 77 K, with the emitting excited state assigned as the mixed (1)pi,pi* and (1)CT states at RT. Transient absorption from the ligands and the complexes were ob-served. 2PA was investigated for all ligands and complexes. The two-photon absorption cross-sections (sigma(2)) of the complexes (600-2000 GM) measured by Z-scan experiment are much larger than those of their corresponding ligands measured by the two-photon induced fluorescence method. The ligand and the complex with the ethynylene linker show much stronger 2PA than those with the vinylene linker. C1 [Ji, Zhiqiang; Li, Yunjing; Li, Zhongjing; Sun, Wenfang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Pritchett, Timothy M.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Makarov, Nikolay S.; Drobizhev, Mikhail; Rebane, Aleksander] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sun, WF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Wenfang.Sun@ndsu.edu RI ji, zhiqiang/A-2372-2010; li, zhongjing/H-4945-2014 OI li, zhongjing/0000-0002-0125-9693 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0449598]; Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0032] FX W.S. acknowledges the financial support from the National Science Foundation (CAREER CHE-0449598) and the Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-06-2-0032). NR 48 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2479 EP 2491 DI 10.1002/chem.201001449 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 731HL UT WOS:000288096800025 PM 21264958 ER PT J AU Krishnan, B Thirumalai, RVKG Koshka, Y Sundaresan, S Levin, I Davydov, AV Merrett, JN AF Krishnan, Bharat Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Koshka, Yaroslav Sundaresan, Siddarth Levin, Igor Davydov, Albert V. Merrett, J. Neil TI Substrate-Dependent Orientation and Polytype Control in SiC Nanowires Grown on 4H-SiC Substrates SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STACKING-FAULTS AB SiC nanowires were grown on monocrystalline 4H-SiC wafers by chemical vapor deposition using the vapor liquid solid growth mode. The growth direction of the nanowires was dictated by the crystallographic orientation of the 4H-SiC substrates. Two distinct types of nanowires were obtained. The first type crystallized in the 3C polytype with the < 111 > nanowire axes. These nanowires grew at 20 degrees with respect to the substrate c-planes and exhibited high densities of stacking faults on those {111} planes that are parallel to the substrate c-planes. The second type featured the 4H structure albeit with a strong stacking disorder. The stacking faults in these nanowires were perpendicular to the [0001] nanowire axes. Possible growth mechanisms that led to the formation of 3C and 4H polytypes are discussed. C1 [Krishnan, Bharat; Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sundaresan, Siddarth] GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. [Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.1021/cg101405u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 713DC UT WOS:000286714200024 ER PT J AU Jankord, R Solomon, MB Albertz, J Flak, JN Zhang, R Herman, JP AF Jankord, Ryan Solomon, Matia B. Albertz, Jennifer Flak, Jonathan N. Zhang, Rong Herman, James P. TI Stress Vulnerability during Adolescent Development in Rats SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL RESPONSES; CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; SPINAL-CORD; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; MESSENGER-RNA; SOCIAL STRESS; FEMALE RATS; OXYTOCIN; AXIS AB Adolescent development is proposed to represent a time of increased susceptibility to stress. During adolescence, the brain demonstrates a high level of plasticity and can be positively or negatively affected by the environment. This study tests the hypothesis that adolescent development is a stage of enhanced vulnerability to chronic stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to our 14-d chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm at three developmental stages: 1) early adolescence (35 d; age at initiation of CVS); 2) late adolescence (50 d); or 3) adulthood (80 d). We examined the effects of CVS on the following: 1) depression-like behavior; 2) somatic indices; 3) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; and 4) neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus. Results show, regardless of age, CVS exposure: 1) decreased body weight; 2) increased adrenal size; 3) decreased fat weight; and 4) increased HPA response to stress. The somatic effects of CVS were exaggerated in late adolescent animals, and late adolescent animals were the only group where CVS decreased oxytocin expression and increased basal corticosterone. In response to CVS, adult animals increased immobility during the forced-swim test while early and late adolescent animals were resistant to the effects of chronic stress on depression-like behavior. Results show that adolescent animals were protected from the effect of chronic stress on depression-like behavior while late adolescent animals were more susceptible to the somatic, HPA axis, and neuropeptide effects of chronic stress. Thus, adolescent development is a unique window of vulnerabilities and protections to the effects of chronic stress. (Endocrinology 152: 629-638, 2011) C1 [Jankord, Ryan; Solomon, Matia B.; Albertz, Jennifer; Flak, Jonathan N.; Zhang, Rong; Herman, James P.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Jankord, Ryan] USAF, Res Lab, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Jankord, R (reprint author), 2800 Q St,Bldg 824, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.jankord@wpafb.af.mil RI Zhang, Rong/C-5859-2011; Herman, James/D-4960-2015 OI Herman, James/0000-0003-3571-2406 FU National Institutes of Health [MH069725, MH084515, DK058903] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants MH069725, MH084515, and DK058903. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 152 IS 2 BP 629 EP 638 DI 10.1210/en.2010-0658 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 709FA UT WOS:000286422100032 PM 21106877 ER PT J AU Silva, J Simoes, R Lanceros-Mendez, S Vaia, R AF Silva, J. Simoes, R. Lanceros-Mendez, S. Vaia, R. TI Applying complex network theory to the understanding of high-aspect-ratio carbon-filled composites SO EPL LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM PERCOLATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; VOLUME AB This work demonstrates that the theoretical framework of complex networks typically used to study systems such as social networks or the World Wide Web can be also applied to material science, allowing deeper understanding of fundamental physical relationships. In particular, through the application of the network theory to carbon nanotubes or vapour-grown carbon nanofiber composites, by mapping fillers to vertices and edges to the gap between fillers, the percolation threshold has been predicted and a formula that relates the composite conductance to the network disorder has been obtained. The theoretical arguments are validated by experimental results from the literature. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2011 C1 [Silva, J.; Lanceros-Mendez, S.] Univ Minho, Ctr Phys, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. [Silva, J.; Simoes, R.] Univ Minho, Inst Polymers & Composites IPC I3N, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Simoes, R.] Polytech Inst Cavado & Ave, Sch Technol, P-4750810 Barcelos, Portugal. [Vaia, R.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Silva, J (reprint author), Univ Minho, Ctr Phys, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. EM rsimoes@dep.uminho.pt; lanceros@fisica.uminho.pt RI Simoes, Ricardo/C-4120-2011; lanceros-mendez, senentxu/A-1730-2011; Silva, Jaime/B-5891-2009 OI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/0000-0001-6791-7620; Silva, Jaime/0000-0002-1520-0799 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-06-1-3009]; Foundation for Science and Technology, Lisbon, through the 3 Quadro Comunitario de Apoio; POCTI and FEDER; NANO/NMed-SD/0156/2007; FCT [SFRH/BD/60623/2009]; [PTDC/CTM/69316/2006] FX Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-06-1-3009. We acknowledge also the Foundation for Science and Technology, Lisbon, through the 3 Quadro Comunitario de Apoio, the POCTI and FEDER programs, the PTDC/CTM/69316/2006 grant and the NANO/NMed-SD/0156/2007 project. JS acknowledges FCT grant SFRH/BD/60623/2009. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD FEB PY 2011 VL 93 IS 3 AR 37005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/93/37005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 723PF UT WOS:000287518600019 ER PT J AU Li, X Chakravarthy, VD Wang, B Wu, ZQ AF Li, Xue Chakravarthy, Vasu D. Wang, Bin Wu, Zhiqiang TI Spreading Code Design of Adaptive Non-Contiguous SOFDM for Dynamic Spectrum Access SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Carrier interferometry (CI); cognitive radio (CR); dynamic spectrum access (DSA); spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (SOFDM) ID MC-CDMA AB In a dynamic spectrum access (DSA) network, multi-carrier-based cognitive radio transceivers need to deactivate some of their subcarriers to avoid interference to primary users. In a mobile environment, the spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (SOFDM) system has demonstrated excellent performance in multipath fading channels, outperforming the traditional OFDM system due to the diversity gain. The traditional SOFDM uses Hadamard-Walsh code as the spreading code set, in which case, when deactivating subcarriers, orthogonality among different spreading codes will be lost, leading to poor bit error ratio (BER) performance. The performance of the SOFDM system can be improved by using adaptive spreading code adjustment to compensate for the loss of orthogonality. Because Hadamard-Walsh codes only exist for certain code length, in many cases, the SOFDM system based on Hadamard-Walsh code set needs to deactivate more subcarriers. Otherwise, loss of orthogonality cannot be eliminated. Instead, it can only be minimized. Moreover, deactivating more subcarriers will force the system to reduce the data rate. By treating the system as subsystems, we can generate binary orthogonal code set based on Hadamard-Walsh code to maintain the data rate. On the other hand, if the spreading code is not limited to be binary, orthogonal carrier interferometry (CI) codes exist for code length of any integer. Hence, by applying non-contiguous SOFDM (NC-SOFDM) with CI code to DSA, the loss of orthogonality among spreading codes caused by deactivating subcarriers can be eliminated. In this paper, we propose two novel spread coding schemes for NC-SOFDM for cognitive radio in a DSA network. The new spreading code sets help the system to maintain the same data rate as that of the traditional OFDM and improve the performance by exploiting the diversity gain and eliminating the orthogonality loss. The NC-SOFDM with the proposed spreading code outperforms the traditional NC-OFDM and the adaptive NC-SOFDM with Hadamard-Walsh code. C1 [Li, Xue; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Wang, Bin] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM li.68@wright.edu; vasu.chakravarthy@wpafb.af.mil; bin.wang@wright.edu; zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 EI 1941-0484 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2010.2055538 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 708TY UT WOS:000286388400018 ER PT J AU Theis, NC Thomas, RW DaSilva, LA AF Theis, Nick C. Thomas, Ryan W. DaSilva, Luiz A. TI Rendezvous for Cognitive Radios SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Dynamic spectrum access; cognitive radio; cognitive network; spectrum sensing; rendezvous AB Cognitive radios have been touted as a solution to communicating in a Dynamic Spectrum Access environment. This paper examines how cognitive radios initially find one another among the expanse of ever-changing open spectrum, termed the rendezvous problem. Specifically, it addresses the problem of rendezvous under varying levels of system capabilities, spectrum policies, and environmental conditions. The focus is on rendezvous when there are are no control channels or centralized controllers, which we term the blind rendezvous problem. Under these conditions, a sequence-based and modular clock blind rendezvous algorithms are proposed, and it is shown that the performance of these algorithms compares favorably to that of a random blind rendezvous algorithm. Specifically, the sequence-based algorithm provides a bounded Time To Rendezvous (TTR) and the ability to prioritize channels where rendezvous is more likely to occur; the modular clock algorithm reduces the expected TTR, requires little precoordination among radios attempting to rendezvous, and is robust to radios sensing different sets of available channels. C1 [Theis, Nick C.; Thomas, Ryan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DaSilva, Luiz A.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Ctr Telecommun Value Chain Res, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. [DaSilva, Luiz A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bradley, VA USA. RP Theis, NC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nicholas.Theis@nellis.af.mil; ryan.thomas@afit.edu; ldasilva@vt.edu FU US Air Force Research Lab; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research is funded in part by the US Air Force Research Lab and by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 18 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 216 EP 227 DI 10.1109/TMC.2010.60 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 696SB UT WOS:000285460600005 ER PT J AU Brown, FM AF Brown, Frank Markham TI Comments on a numerical method for solving Boolean equations SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Boolean equations; Solutions; Elimination; Proto-Boolean algebras; George Boole; Laws of thought; Polynomials; Equation-solving AB A recent paper in this journal, by Abdel-Gawad, Atiya, and Darwish, presents a method of solving a system Boolean equations using the polynomial algebra invented by George Boole in 1854. The authors do not mention Boole, however, or the modern applications of this algebra. Their method entails reduction of the given system to a triangular system, which is solved by back-substitution. We show that the solutions of the triangular system include all those of the given system, but may include others that do not satisfy the given system. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Hilton Head Isl, SC 29928 USA. RP Brown, FM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 86 Shoreline Dr, Hilton Head Isl, SC 29928 USA. EM FMBrown@1953.USNA.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 181 IS 3 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2010.10.004 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 692AD UT WOS:000285123000011 ER PT J AU Fuller, CD Nijkamp, J Duppen, JC Rasch, CRN Thomas, CR Wang, SJ Okunieff, P Jones, WE Baseman, D Patel, S Demandante, CGN Harris, AM Smith, BD Katz, AW McGann, C Harper, JL Chang, DT Smalley, S Marshall, DT Goodman, KA Papanikolaou, N Kachnic, LA AF Fuller, Clifton D. Nijkamp, Jasper Duppen, Joop C. Rasch, Coen R. N. Thomas, Charles R., Jr. Wang, Samuel J. Okunieff, Paul Jones, William E., III Baseman, Daniel Patel, Shilpen Demandante, Carlo G. N. Harris, Anna M. Smith, Benjamin D. Katz, Alan W. McGann, Camille Harper, Jennifer L. Chang, Daniel T. Smalley, Stephen Marshall, David T. Goodman, Karyn A. Papanikolaou, Niko Kachnic, Lisa A. CA Radiation Oncology Comm SW Oncolog TI PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND PILOT STUDY OF SITE-SPECIFIC CONSENSUS ATLAS IMPLEMENTATION FOR RECTAL CANCER TARGET VOLUME DELINEATION IN THE COOPERATIVE GROUP SETTING SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Target volume delineation; Cooperative group; Conformal radiotherapy; Atlas; Consensus guideline ID HEAD-AND-NECK; CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY; RADIATION ONCOLOGY; LUNG-CANCER; IMAGE REGISTRATION; OBSERVER VARIATION; BREAST-CANCER; DUMMY RUN; DEFINITION; IMPACT AB Purpose: Variations in target volume delineation represent a significant hurdle in clinical trials involving conformal radiotherapy. We sought to determine the effect of a consensus guideline-based visual atlas on contouring the target volumes. Methods and Materials: A representative case was contoured (Scan 1) by 14 physician observers and a reference expert with and without target volume delineation instructions derived from a proposed rectal cancer clinical trial involving conformal radiotherapy. The gross tumor volume (GTV), and two clinical target volumes (CTVA, including the internal iliac, presacral, and perirectal nodes, and CTVB, which included the external iliac nodes) were contoured. The observers were randomly assigned to receipt (Group A) or nonreceipt (Group B) of a consensus guideline and atlas for anorectal cancers and then instructed to recontour the same case/images (Scan 2). Observer variation was analyzed volumetrically using the conformation number (CN, where CN = 1 equals total agreement). Results: Of 14 evaluable contour sets (1 expert and 7 Group A and 6 Group B observers), greater agreement was found for the GTV (mean CN, 0.75) than for the CTVs (mean CN, 0.46-0.65). Atlas exposure for Group A led to significantly increased interobserver agreement for CTVA (mean initial CN, 0.68, after atlas use, 0.76; p = .03) and increased agreement with the expert reference (initial mean CN, 0.58; after atlas use, 0.69; p = .02). For the GTV and CTVB, neither the interobserver nor the expert agreement was altered after atlas exposure. Conclusion: Consensus guideline atlas implementation resulted in a detectable difference in interobserver agreement and a greater approximation of expert volumes for the CTVA but not for the GTV or CTVB in the specified case. Visual atlas inclusion should be considered as a feature in future clinical trials incorporating conformal RT. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fuller, Clifton D.; Jones, William E., III; Baseman, Daniel; Demandante, Carlo G. N.; Harris, Anna M.; Papanikolaou, Niko] Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fuller, Clifton D.; Papanikolaou, Niko] Univ Texas San Antonio, Grad Div Radiol Sci, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fuller, Clifton D.; Thomas, Charles R., Jr.; Wang, Samuel J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Nijkamp, Jasper; Duppen, Joop C.; Rasch, Coen R. N.] Netherlands Canc Inst, Dept Radiotherapy, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Okunieff, Paul; Katz, Alan W.] Univ Rochester, Dept Radiat Oncol, Rochester, NY USA. [Patel, Shilpen] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Demandante, Carlo G. N.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.; McGann, Camille] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Harper, Jennifer L.; Marshall, David T.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Radiat Oncol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chang, Daniel T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Smalley, Stephen] Univ Kansas, Dept Radiat Oncol, Kansas City, KS USA. [Smalley, Stephen] Radiat Oncol Ctr Olathe, Olathe, KS USA. [Goodman, Karyn A.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kachnic, Lisa A.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA USA. [Kachnic, Lisa A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Boston, MA USA. RP Fuller, CD (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiat Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC7889, San Antonio, TX USA. EM fullercd@uthscsa.edu OI Nijkamp, Jasper/0000-0001-7523-5881; Fuller, Clifton/0000-0002-5264-3994; Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [5T32EB000817-04]; European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine FX C. D. Fuller was supported by a training grant from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, "Multidisciplinary Training Program in Human Imaging" (Grant 5T32EB000817-04), a Technology Transfer Grant from the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, and the Product Support Development Grant from the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.11.012 PG 9 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 709OW UT WOS:000286451000023 PM 20400244 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Pochiraju, KV AF Tandon, G. P. Pochiraju, K. V. TI Heterogeneous Thermo-oxidative Behavior of Multidirectional Laminated Composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polyimides; anisotropic oxidation; optical microscopy; ply orientation; stacking sequence; micromechanics; damage ID POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES; OXIDATIVE ENVIRONMENTS; ANISOTROPIC OXIDATION; THERMAL-OXIDATION; GROWTH; DAMAGE AB This article examines the through-the-thickness heterogeneity observed in oxidation profiles of composite laminates. The effect of ply angle on oxygen diffusivity and the influence of ply stacking sequence on oxidation behavior of isothermally aged multidirectional composites are discussed by correlating experimental observations and a three-dimensional oxidation model. Experimental observations of oxidation growth are made using dark-field optical microscopy, while damage initiation and growth is detected using fluorescence imaging with dye impregnation. Oxidation growth in laminated systems is simulated using a diffusion-reaction-conversion model developed earlier for resin oxidation along with homogenization techniques. Several stacking sequences of carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide composites are studied. The effects of the orthotropy in the diffusivity tensors of each ply and the influence of neighboring ply on oxidation growth are clearly illustrated. The simulation results presented in this article are valid till the onset of damage, beyond which coupling effects between oxidation growth and damage evolution have to be addressed. C1 [Tandon, G. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Pochiraju, K. V.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM G.Tandon@wpafb.af.mil OI Pochiraju, Kishore/0000-0002-0248-8658 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under two programs (contract FA8650-05-D-5052), with Dr Charles Lee and Dr Joycelyn Harrison as the Program Managers, and Dr Richard Hall as the AFRL program monitor. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mr Michael Nickell (UDRI) for aging specimens, Mr William Ragland (UDRI) for optical microscopy, Dr Sirina Putthanarat (UDRI) for CT imaging, and Mr Nan An and Andong Xu (Stevens Institute of Technology students) for their assistance on numerical computations. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 415 EP 435 DI 10.1177/0021998310376109 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 723UB UT WOS:000287531600002 ER PT J AU Tipton, DA Seshul, BA Dabbous, MK AF Tipton, D. A. Seshul, B. A. Dabbous, M. Kh. TI Effect of bisphosphonates on human gingival fibroblast production of mediators of osteoclastogenesis: RANKL, osteoprotegerin and interleukin-6 SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bisphosphonates; fibroblasts; bone; osteonecrosis of the jaw ID PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR; ZOLEDRONIC ACID; CELL-GROWTH; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2; BONE METASTASES; FACTOR-ALPHA; OSTEONECROSIS AB Background and Objective: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is associated with bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. BPs alter osteoblast production of mediators of osteoclastogenesis, including interleukin (IL)-6, RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a RANKL antagonist. This can inhibit bone turnover and lead to necrosis. There is little information on the contribution of gingival fibroblasts, near bone-resorption sites, to the IL-6/RANKL/OPG network, the effects of BPs, or fibroblast involvement in ONJ pathogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate and pamidronate on the constitutive production, or the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or IL-1 beta-stimulated production, of IL-6, RANKL and OPG by human gingival fibroblasts. Material and Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were derived from explants obtained from healthy individuals with noninflamed gingiva. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the activity of a mitochondrial enzyme. Fibroblasts were pre-incubated or not with BPs (0.01 nm-1 mu m), then incubated or not with LPS or IL-1 beta. The concentrations of IL-6, OPG and RANKL were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's F procedure. Results: LPS and BPs were not cytotoxic. The cells produced IL-6, OPG and RANKL, all of which were stimulated by IL-1 beta or LPS (p < 0.04). BPs generally increased the production of IL-6 and OPG (p < 0.04) and decreased the production of RANKL (p < 0.02). BPs generally further increased the production of LPS- or IL-1 beta-stimulated IL-6 (p < 0.04) and had no effect on, or further increased, the production of LPS- or IL-1 beta-stimulated OPG (p < 0.04). BPs decreased the production of LPS- or IL-1 beta-stimulated RANKL (p < 0.04) and decreased constitutive, LPS-stimulated and IL-1 beta-stimulated RANKL/OPG ratios (p < 0.02). Conclusion: The action of alendronate and pamidronate on human gingival fibroblasts, through altering the production of RANKL and OPG, appears to contribute to a microenvironment favoring the inhibition of bone resorption and ONJ. C1 [Tipton, D. A.; Dabbous, M. Kh.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Biosci Res, Coll Dent, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Dabbous, M. Kh.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Sci, Coll Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Seshul, B. A.] USAF, Misawa Air Base, Misawa, Japan. RP Tipton, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Biosci Res, Coll Dent, 711 Jefferson Ave,Room 429, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM dtipton@uthsc.edu FU University of Tennessee College of Dentistry; Southern Academy of Periodontology; AAP FX This work was supported by a grant from the Alumni Endowment Fund of the University of Tennessee College of Dentistry, and was carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dental Science (B. S.). B. S. received second place in the Basic Science Research category of the 2007 Pennel Research Competition, from the Southern Academy of Periodontology, and thanks the Academy for its support. B. S. was also a basic research finalist in the 2008 Balint Orban Competition of the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP), for the research presented in this manuscript, and thanks the AAP for its support. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3484 J9 J PERIODONTAL RES JI J. Periodont. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01306.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 703HP UT WOS:000285969300005 PM 20701670 ER PT J AU Welna, DT Qu, LT Taylor, BE Dai, LM Durstock, MF AF Welna, Daniel T. Qu, Liangti Taylor, Barney E. Dai, Liming Durstock, Michael F. TI Vertically aligned carbon nanotube electrodes for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotube; Nanostructured electrode; Lithium-ion; Energy storage; Battery ID ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; STORAGE DEVICES; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; ENERGY-CONVERSION; BEHAVIOR; INSERTION/EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE; NANOWIRES; INSERTION; GROWTH AB As portable electronics become more advanced and alternative energy demands become more prevalent, the development of advanced energy storage technologies is becoming ever more critical in today's society. In order to develop higher power and energy density batteries, innovative electrode materials that provide increased storage capacity, greater rate capabilities, and good cyclability must be developed. Nanostructured materials are gaining increased attention because of their potential to mitigate current electrode limitations. Here we report on the use of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWNTs) as the active electrode material in lithium-ion batteries. At low specific currents, these VA-MWNTs have shown high reversible specific capacities (up to 782 mAh g(-1) at 57mA g(-1)). This value is twice that of the theoretical maximum for graphite and ten times more than their non-aligned equivalent. Interestingly, at very high discharge rates, the VA-MWNT electrodes retain a moderate specific capacity due to their aligned nature (166 mAh g(-1)). These results suggest that VA-MWNTs are good candidates for lithium-ion battery electrodes which require high rate capability and capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Welna, Daniel T.; Taylor, Barney E.; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Welna, Daniel T.; Taylor, Barney E.] UTC Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Qu, Liangti] Beijing Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44146 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM liming.dai@case.edu; Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-D-5807, FA9550-09-1-0331] FX We acknowledge the funding for this research by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract numbers FA8650-D-5807 and FA9550-09-1-0331, and we thank Dr. Lawrence Drummy for his assistance with carrying out transmission electron microscopy. NR 38 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 3 SI SI BP 1455 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 687PK UT WOS:000284790200082 ER PT J AU Nance, RL Roesener, AG Moore, JT AF Nance, R. L. Roesener, A. G. Moore, J. T. TI An advanced tabu search for solving the mixed payload airlift loading problem SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE military; heuristic; logistics AB This article describes a new, two-dimensional bin packing algorithm that feasibly loads a set of cargo items on a minimal set of airlift aircraft. The problem under consideration is called the Mixed Payload Airlift Loading Problem (MPALP). The heuristic algorithm, called the Mixed Payload Airlift Loading Problem Tabu Search (MPALPTS), surpasses previous research conducted in this area because, in addition to pure pallet cargo loads, MPALPTS can accommodate rolling stock cargo (ie tanks, trucks, HMMMVs, etc) while still maintaining feasibility. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the load plans generated by MPALPTS are directly compared to those generated by the Automated Air Load Planning Software (AALPS) for a given cargo set; AALPS is the load planning software currently mandated for use in all Department of Defense load planning. While more time consuming than AALPS, MPALPTS required the same or fewer aircraft than AALPS in all test scenarios. Journal of the Operational Research Society (2011) 62, 337-347. doi:10.1057/jors.2010.119 Published online 11 August 2010 C1 [Moore, J. T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moore, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 SI SI BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1057/jors.2010.119 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 694IB UT WOS:000285287800009 ER PT J AU Wilmink, GJ Rivest, BD Roth, CC Ibey, BL Payne, JA Cundin, LX Grundt, JE Peralta, X Mixon, DG Roach, WP AF Wilmink, Gerald J. Rivest, Benjamin D. Roth, Caleb C. Ibey, Bennett L. Payne, Jason A. Cundin, Luisiana X. Grundt, Jessica E. Peralta, Xomalin Mixon, Dustin G. Roach, William P. TI In Vitro Investigation of the Biological Effects Associated With Human Dermal Fibroblasts Exposed to 2.52 THz Radiation SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE terahertz; bioeffects; radiation; THz; applications ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; TUNNETT DIODES; EX-VIVO; STRESS; GHZ; EXPRESSION; CANCER AB Background: Terahertz (THz) radiation sources are increasingly being used in military, defense, and medical applications. However, the biological effects associated with this type of radiation are not well characterized. In this study, we evaluated the cellular and molecular response of human dermal fibroblasts exposed to THz radiation. Methods: In vitro exposures were performed in a temperature-controlled chamber using a molecular gas THz laser (2.52 THz, 84.8 mW cm(-2), durations: 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 minutes). Both computational and empirical dosimetric techniques were conducted using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling approaches, infrared cameras, and thermocouples. Cellular viability was assessed using conventional MTT assays. In addition, the transcriptional activation of protein and DNA sensing genes were evaluated using qPCR. Comparable analyses were also conducted for hyperthermic and genotoxic positive controls. Results: We found that cellular temperatures increased by 3 degrees C during all THz exposures. We also found that for each exposure duration tested, the THz and hyperthermic exposure groups exhibited equivalent levels of cell survival (>= 90%) and heat shock protein expression (similar to 3.5-fold increases). In addition, the expression of DNA sensing and repair genes was unchanged in both groups; however, appreciable increases were observed in the genotoxic controls. Conclusions: Human dermal fibroblasts exhibit comparable cellular and molecular effects when exposed to THz radiation and hyperthermic stress. These findings suggest that radiation at 2.52 THz generates primarily thermal effects in mammalian cells. Therefore, we conclude that THz-induced bioeffects may be accurately predicted with conventional thermal damage models. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:152-163, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Wilmink, Gerald J.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Payne, Jason A.; Grundt, Jessica E.; Mixon, Dustin G.; Roach, William P.] USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Wilmink, Gerald J.] Natl Acad Sci, NRC Res Associate Program, Washington, DC USA. [Roth, Caleb C.] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cundin, Luisiana X.] Conceptual Mindworks Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. [Peralta, Xomalin] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wilmink, GJ (reprint author), 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM gerald.wilmink@brooks.af.mil RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 FU AFRL; HQAF; SGRS; Partnership for Education and Research in Materials (PREM), National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Materials Research [0934218] FX We wish to thank the National Academy of Sciences NRC Research Associateship program and the Air Force Research Laboratory for providing us with the opportunity to conduct this study. In particular, we would like to thank Frank Ruhr for his dedication and attention to detail in design of the THz enclosure, and Dr. Morley Stone for his consistent support. This work was supported by grants provided by AFRL, HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation program: "Determination of Cellular Bioeffect Thresholds for Terahertz Frequencies." This work was also supported by Partnership for Education and Research in Materials (PREM) provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Materials Research Award (#0934218). NR 70 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1002/lsm.20960 PG 12 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 732II UT WOS:000288177800014 PM 20740621 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Mall, S Ghoshal, A AF Kim, Heung Soo Mall, Shankar Ghoshal, Anindya TI Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Finite Contact Width on Fretting Fatigue SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; contact; stick-slip; finite element analysis; three-dimensional effects; traction distribution; hybrid layer method ID RECIPROCATING SLIDING CONDITIONS; CRACK INITIATION; TI-6AL-4V; STRESSES; BEHAVIOR; MECHANICS; WEAR; PAD AB Three-dimensional effects of finite contact width fretting fatigue were investigated using the combination of full three-dimensional finite element model and two-dimensional plane strain finite element model, named as a hybrid layer method. Free edge boundary effect in finite contact width fretting fatigue problem required full three-dimensional finite element analysis to obtain accurate stress state and relative displacement in contact zone. To save the computational cost with sufficient accuracy, traction distributions obtained from coarse three-dimensional finite element analysis was applied to the two-dimensional plane strain finite element model. The key idea of this hybrid layer method was that traction distributions converged faster than the stresses. The proposed hybrid layer method predicted the free edge boundary effects of finite contact width fretting fatigue less than eight percent error bound and reduce the execution time to 5 percent of three-dimensional submodeling technique. [doi: 10.2320/matertrans.M2010268] C1 [Kim, Heung Soo] Dongguk Univ Seoul, Dept Mech Robot & Energy Eng, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Mall, Shankar] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ghoshal, Anindya] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Dongguk Univ Seoul, Dept Mech Robot & Energy Eng, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM heungsoo@dongguk.edu RI Kim, Heung Soo /F-6611-2011 OI Kim, Heung Soo /0000-0001-7057-5174 FU Dongguk University FX This work was supported by the Dongguk University Research Fund of 2010. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 52 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.2320/matertrans.M2010268 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 745SS UT WOS:000289186800006 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Govorov, AO Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Govorov, Alexander O. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Plasmonic Circular Dichroism of Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Circular dichroism; peptides; metamaterials; chirality; gold nanoparticles; surface plasmon ID TRANSITIONS; RESONANCE AB Nature is remarkable at tailoring the chirality of different biomolecules to suit specific functions. Chiral molecules can impart optical activity to achiral materials in the form of the particle's electronic transition frequency. Herein, we used peptides of differing secondary structures (random coil and alpha-helix) to artificially create optically. active chiral gold nanoparticles through peptide-nanoparticle interactions as observed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. This interaction produces a CD signal at the plasmon resonance frequency (similar to 520 nm) of the chiral peptide-nanoparticle complex. Aggregation of the peptide-coated nanoparticles using metal ions results in a red-shifted plasmonic CD response. Our results suggest that chiroptical. properties of nanomaterials can be engineered using peptides. C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Govorov, Alexander O.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX); National Science Foundation FX We acknowledged the support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX). A.O.G. acknowledges support of this work by the National Science Foundation. NR 25 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 12 U2 145 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1021/nl1038242 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 717LZ UT WOS:000287049100066 PM 21207969 ER PT J AU Chung, STL LaFrance, MW Bedell, HE AF Chung, Susana T. L. LaFrance, Martin W. Bedell, Harold E. TI Influence of Motion Smear on Visual Acuity in Simulated Infantile Nystagmus SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE image motion; visual acuity; temporal summation; probability summation; infantile nystagmus; foveation period ID PURSUIT EYE-MOVEMENTS; FILTERED MOVING STIMULI; RETINAL-IMAGE MOTION; CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS; FOVEATION PERIODS; SENSITIVITY; SUMMATION; ATTENUATION; PERCEPTION; OBSERVERS AB Purpose. In persons with infantile nystagmus (IN), visual acuity correlates with the duration of the foveation period of the nystagmus waveform, i.e., when the retinal image is on or near the fovea and moves with low velocity. In this study, we asked how acuity is affected by the non-foveating phases of the nystagmus waveform, when the velocity of retinal image motion is substantially higher. Methods. Visual acuity was measured in three normal observers for high contrast, four-orientation single T-stimuli, presented during image motion that simulated either the whole jerk-IN waveform (whole-waveform) or only the foveation periods of the IN waveform (foveation-only). Simulated foveation durations ranged from 20 to 120 ms. For both motion waveforms, we displayed the acuity target for different number of cycles to examine whether acuity benefits from multiple presentations of the stimulus. Results. As expected, visual acuity improves with longer simulated foveation durations in both the whole-waveform and foveation-only conditions. Acuity is consistently better (by similar to 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) in the foveation-only than the whole-waveform condition, indicating that the high-velocity image motion during the simulated IN waveform has a detrimental effect. This difference in acuity between the two waveform conditions increases with the number of cycles, apparently because summation occurs across cycles in the foveation-only condition but not in the whole-waveform condition. Conclusions. In normal observers, visual acuity in the presence of a simulated nystagmus waveform is limited not only by the duration of the foveation periods, but also by the non-foveating phases of the waveform. However, because persons with IN report little or no motion smear in association with their nystagmus, it remains unclear whether the rapid retinal image motion during the non-foveating phases of the nystagmus waveform generates a similar degradation of visual acuity in IN. (Optom Vis Sci 2011; 88:200-207) C1 [Bedell, Harold E.] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chung, Susana T. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [LaFrance, Martin W.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Bedell, HE (reprint author), Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, 505 J Davis Armistead Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM hbedell@optometry.uh.edu FU National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health [R01-EY05068, T35-EY07088, P30-EY07551]; [R01-EY012810] FX This research was supported in part by research grant R01-EY05068, short-term training grant T35-EY07088, and core grant P30-EY07551 from the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. The preparation of this manuscript was also supported by research grant R01-EY012810. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31820846dd PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 711IV UT WOS:000286584900008 PM 21200353 ER PT J AU Schubert, CM Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME AF Schubert, Christine M. Thorsen, Steven N. Oxley, Mark E. TI The ROC manifold for classification systems SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE Classification; Multiple classes; Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; ROC manifold; Bayes cost ID N-CLASS CLASSIFICATION; OBSERVERS; TASKS AB We define the ROC manifold and CC manifold as duals in a given sense. Their analysis is required to describe the classification system. We propose a mathematical definition based on vector space methods to describe both. The ROC manifolds for n-class classification systems fully describe each system in terms of its misclassifications and, by conjunction, its correct classifications. Optimal points which minimize misclassifications can be identified even when costs and prior probabilities differ. These manifolds can be used to determine the usefulness of a classification system based on a given performance criterion. Many performance functionals (such as summary statistics) preferred for CC manifolds can also be evaluated using the ROC manifold (under certain constraints). Examples using the ROC manifold and performance functionals to compete classification systems are demonstrated with simulated and applied disease detection data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schubert, Christine M.; Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thorsen, Steven N.] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schubert, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christine.schubertkabban@afit.edu; Steven.Thorsen@usafa.edu; Mark.Oxley@afit.edu NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 44 IS 2 BP 350 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2010.07.025 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 683BH UT WOS:000284446200015 ER PT J AU Rahy, A Rguig, T Cho, SJ Bunker, CE Yang, DJ AF Rahy, Abdelaziz Rguig, Touria Cho, Sung June Bunker, Christopher E. Yang, Duck Joo TI Polar solvent soluble and hydrogen absorbing polyaniline nanofibers SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE Polyaniline; Nanofibers; Hydrogen storage ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; SYNTHETIC METALS; ORGANIC POLYMERS; NOBEL LECTURE; POLYMERIZATION; ANILINE; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; POLYPYRROLE AB Polar solvent soluble polyaniline nanofibers were synthesized from aniline in the presence of organic additive such as sucrose, C(12)H(22)O(11) or sucralose, C(12)H(19)Cl(3)O(8), by oxidative polymerization. These nanofibers synthesized in the presence of the additive were soluble in water as well as in other polar organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol. DMF and DMSO. We found the nanofibers have hydrogen absorption capability as high as 4.3% at 298K and 20 atm. The role of the sucrose why it makes the polyaniline nanofibers become soluble and absorb hydrogen is explained, and a hypothesis is proposed about the role of sucrose and how hydrogen can be stored. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rahy, Abdelaziz; Rguig, Touria; Yang, Duck Joo] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Cho, Sung June] Chonnam Natl Univ, Clean Energy Technol Lab, Ctr Funct Nano Fine Chem, Dept Appl Chem Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Yang, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Dept Chem, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM djyang@utdallas.edu FU USA Air Force Research Laboratories FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the USA Air Force Research Laboratories. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 161 IS 3-4 BP 280 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.11.036 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 724YX UT WOS:000287613500014 ER PT J AU Shadday, S AF Shadday, Sherry TI Handcrafted CSS: More Bulletproof Web Design SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Shadday, Sherry] SW Res Inst, Magna, UT 84041 USA. [Shadday, Sherry] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shadday, S (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Magna, UT 84041 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI FAIRFAX PA 9401 LEE HIGHWAY, STE 300, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN-STC JI Tech. Commun. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Communication SC Communication GA 762AI UT WOS:000290444200018 ER PT J AU Wong, HW Yu, ZH Timko, MT Herndon, SC Blanco, ED Miake-Lye, RC Howard, RP AF Wong, Hsi-Wu Yu, Zhenhong Timko, Michael T. Herndon, Scott C. Blanco, Elena de la Rosa Miake-Lye, Richard C. Howard, Robert P. TI Design Parameters for an Aircraft Engine Exit Plane Particle Sampling System SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; GAS-TURBINE ENGINE; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; THERMOPHORETIC DEPOSITION; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; FLOW; H2SO4-H2O; PLUMES; SULFUR AB The experimental data and numerical modeling were utilized to investigate the effects of exhaust sampling parameters on the measurements of particulate matter ( PM) emitted at the exit plane of gas-turbine engines. The results provide guidance for sampling system design and operation. Engine power level is the most critical factor that influences the size and quantity of black carbon soot particles emitted from gas-turbine engines and must be considered in sampling system design. The results of this investigation indicate that the available soot surface area significantly affects the amount of volatile gases that can condense onto soot particles. During exhaust particle measurements, a dilution gas is typically added to the sampled exhaust stream to suppress volatile particle formation in the sampling line. Modeling results indicate that the dilution gas should be introduced upstream before a critical location in the sampling line that corresponds to the onset of particle formation microphysics. Also, the dilution gas should be dry for maximum nucleation suppression. In most aircraft PM emissions measurements, the probe-rake systems are water cooled and the sampling line may be heated. Modeling results suggest that the water cooling of the probe tip should be limited to avoid overcooling the sampling line wall temperature and, thus, minimize additional particle formation in the sampling line. The experimental data show that heating the sampling lines will decrease black carbon and sulfate PM mass and increase organic PM mass reaching the instruments. Sampling line transmission losses may prevent some of the particles emitted at the engine exit plane from reaching the instruments, especially particles that are smaller in size. Modeling results suggest that homogeneous nucleation can occur in the engine exit plane sampling line. If newly nucleated particles, typically smaller than 10 nm, are indeed formed in the sampling line, sampling line particle losses provide a possible explanation, in addition to the application of dry diluent, that they are generally not observed in the PM emissions measurements. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001979] C1 [Wong, Hsi-Wu; Yu, Zhenhong; Timko, Michael T.; Herndon, Scott C.; Blanco, Elena de la Rosa; Miake-Lye, Richard C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Howard, Robert P.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Wong, HW (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. FU NASA [NNC07CB58C]; Missouri University of Science and Technology [NAVAIR BOA N00421-07-G-0005, 00018324-01]; Air Force via Aerospace Testing Alliance [F40600-03-C-001, ATA-08-80] FX The authors are grateful for financial supports from NASA (NRA Contract No. NNC07CB58C), the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) via Missouri University of Science and Technology (Contract No. NAVAIR BOA N00421-07-G-0005, Subaward No. 00018324-01), and Air Force via Aerospace Testing Alliance (Contract No. F40600-03-C-001, Subaward No. ATA-08-80). Helpful discussions with Drs. Nan-Suey Liu, Thomas Wey and Changlie Wey at NASA Glenn Research Center, Dr. Bruce Anderson at NASA Langley Research Center, and David Liscinsky and Heidi Hollick at United Technologies Research Center are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2011 VL 133 IS 2 AR 021501 DI 10.1115/1.4001979 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 674KM UT WOS:000283741200001 ER PT J AU Navarathne, D Ner, Y Jain, M Grote, JG Sotzing, GA AF Navarathne, Daminda Ner, Yogesh Jain, Menka Grote, James G. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Fabrication of DNA-magnetite hybrid nanofibers for water detoxification SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanofibers; Magnetic materials; Nanomaterials; Hybrid materials; Water detoxification ID ELECTROSPUN; FLUORESCENCE AB DNA-magnetite hybrid nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning a spin dope consisting of oleic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles and DNA-CTMA in ethanol/chloroform mixed solvent. The fabricated nanofibers exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour owing to embedded magnetite nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that these nanofibers can be used as effective detoxification materials in aqueous media as a combined result of DNA's affinity to both organic and inorganic toxicants, high surface area of the nanofibers and the fast and easy separation due to magnetite nanoparticles under external magnetic field. In addition to detoxification, these novel hybrid nanofibers have potential applications in many technological areas such as catalysis and drug delivery. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Navarathne, Daminda; Ner, Yogesh; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Navarathne, Daminda; Ner, Yogesh; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Jain, Menka] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS,Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, U-60, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu OI Jain, Menka/0000-0002-2264-6895 FU NIEHS/NIH [ES013557] FX G.A.S. is thankful to the support from the PHS Grant ES013557 from NIEHS/NIH. We are thankful to Dr. Roger Ristau and Dr. Jack Gromek for their help during TEM and XRD analyses respectively. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 219 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.09.033 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 705SK UT WOS:000286158000023 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Jacobson, IG Hooper, TI LeardMann, CA Boyko, EJ Smith, B Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Amoroso, PJ Gray, GC Riddle, JR Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. Jacobson, Isabel G. Hooper, Tomoko I. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Boyko, Edward J. Smith, Besa Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Amoroso, Paul J. Gray, Gregory C. Riddle, James R. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Health impact of US military service in a large population-based military cohort: findings of the Millennium Cohort Study, 2001-2008 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; MENTAL-HEALTH; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; VIETNAM VETERANS; ERA VETERANS AB Background: Combat-intense, lengthy, and multiple deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan have characterized the new millennium. The US military's all-volunteer force has never been better trained and technologically equipped to engage enemy combatants in multiple theaters of operations. Nonetheless, concerns over potential lasting effects of deployment on long-term health continue to mount and are yet to be elucidated. This report outlines how findings from the first 7 years of the Millennium Cohort Study have helped to address health concerns related to military service including deployments. Methods: The Millennium Cohort Study was designed in the late 1990s to address veteran and public concerns for the first time using prospectively collected health and behavioral data. Results: Over 150 000 active-duty, reserve, and National Guard personnel from all service branches have enrolled, and more than 70% of the first 2 enrollment panels submitted at least 1 follow-up survey. Approximately half of the Cohort has deployed in support of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Conclusion: The Millennium Cohort Study is providing prospective data that will guide public health policymakers for years to come by exploring associations between military exposures and important health outcomes. Strategic studies aim to identify, reduce, and prevent adverse health outcomes that may be associated with military service, including those related to deployment. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.; Riddle, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense [60002]; M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland; VA Puget Sound FX This work represents report 09-14, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, nor the US Government.; We are indebted to all Millennium Cohort Study participants. We thank Scott L. Seggermanfrom the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey, California. Additionally, we thank Millennium Cohort Team Members Melissa Bagnell, MPH; Gina Creaven, MBA; James Davies; Lacy Farnell; Nisara Granado, MPH, PhD; Gia Gumbs, MPH; Jaime Horton; Sydney Lee, MS; Travis Leleu; Gordon Lynch; Jamie McGrew; Hope McMaster, MA, PhD; Amanda Pietrucha, MPH; Teresa Powell, MS; Amber Seelig, MPH; Katherine Snell; Steven Speigle; Kari Sausedo, MA; Martin White, MPH; James Whitmer; and Charlene Wong, MPH; from the Department of Deployment Health Research and Michelle LeWark, from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. We also thank the professionals from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, especially those from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, Maryland. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland. VA Puget Sound provided support for Dr. Boyko's participation in this research. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 69 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-69 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 723LM UT WOS:000287508000002 PM 21281496 ER PT J AU Sun, XB Zimmermann, CM Jackson, GP Bunker, CE Harrington, PB AF Sun, Xiaobo Zimmermann, Carolyn M. Jackson, Glen P. Bunker, Christopher E. Harrington, Peter B. TI Classification of jet fuels by fuzzy rule-building expert systems applied to three-way data by fast gas chromatography-fast scanning quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Classification; Jet fuel; Fuzzy rule-building expert system; Gas chromatography; Fast scanning; Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry; Chemometrics ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; RETENTION TIME ALIGNMENT; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; FEATURE-SELECTION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL BASIS; SPECTRA AB A fast method that can be used to classify unknown jet fuel types or detect possible property changes in jet fuel physical properties is of paramount interest to national defense and the airline industries. While fast gas chromatography (GC) has been used with conventional mass spectrometry (MS) to study jet fuels, fast GC was combined with fast scanning MS and used to classify jet fuels into lot numbers or origin for the first time by using fuzzy rule-building expert system (FuRES) classifiers. In the process of building classifiers, the data were pretreated with and without wavelet transformation and evaluated with respect to performance. Principal component transformation was used to compress the two-way data images prior to classification. Jet fuel samples were successfully classified with 99.8 +/- 0.5% accuracy for both with and without wavelet compression. Ten bootstrapped Latin partitions were used to validate the generalized prediction accuracy. Optimized partial least squares (o-PLS) regression results were used as positively biased references for comparing the FuRES prediction results. The prediction results for the jet fuel samples obtained with these two methods were compared statistically. The projected difference resolution (PDR) method was also used to evaluate the fast GC and fast MS data. Two batches of aliquots of ten new samples were prepared and run independently 4 days apart to evaluate the robustness of the method. The only change in classification parameters was the use of polynomial retention time alignment to correct for drift that occurred during the 4-day span of the two collections. FuRES achieved perfect classifications for four models of uncompressed three-way data. This fast GC/fast MS method furnishes characteristics of high speed, accuracy, and robustness. This mode of measurement may be useful as a monitoring tool to track changes in the chemical composition of fuels that may also lead to property changes. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Xiaobo; Zimmermann, Carolyn M.; Jackson, Glen P.; Harrington, Peter B.] Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Clippinger Labs, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Harrington, PB (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Clippinger Labs, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM peter.harrington@ohio.edu RI Jackson, Glen/D-3518-2014; OI Jackson, Glen/0000-0003-0803-6254; Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630 FU Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation of Ohio University; Wright Patterson Air Force Base FX The Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation of Ohio University and the Wright Patterson Air Force Base are thanked for the support. Yao Lu, Weiying Lu, Zhanfeng Xu, Shannon Cook, and Zeland Muccio are thanked for their help. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 SI SI BP 1260 EP 1268 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.05.063 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 713EV UT WOS:000286718700024 PM 21215862 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Irikura, KK Adams, SF Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. Irikura, K. K. Adams, S. F. Garscadden, A. TI Electron ionization and gas-phase ion molecule reactions of methylcyclohexane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Methylcyclohexane; Electron ionization; Ion molecule reaction; Cycloalkane; Binary-Encounter-Bethe model; Fourier-transform mass spectrometry ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT IONIZATION; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; REFERENCE COMPONENTS; JET FUELS; ENERGIES; KINETICS; MODEL; JP-8 AB Absolute cross sections for electron ionization of methylcyclohexane (MCH, C7H14) are measured as a function of the electron energy in a range of 10-200 eV. The electron ionization of MCH produces the parent ion C7H14+* and fragment ions C6H11+ and C4H7+ as the predominant product ions at most of the electron energies studied. Reactions between selected hydrocarbon ions with the neutral MCH molecule, mainly via hydride transfer, charge transfer and H-2(-) transfer mechanisms, are studied. Absolute rate constants are reported, and the correlations between the reactivities and the thermochemical data of the reactions are discussed. The Binary-Encounter-Bethe method is applied to MCH to provide a theoretical comparison to the sum of the measured ionization cross sections. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiao, C. Q.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Irikura, K. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garscadden, A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.adams@wpafb.af.mil RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 FU Propulsion Directorate AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NIST FX The authors thank the Propulsion Directorate AFRL, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and NIST for their support. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 300 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.11.005 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 727HP UT WOS:000287789200001 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Luzik, ED Hazari, N AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. Luzik, Eddie D., Jr. Hazari, Nilay TI Kinetics of electron attachment to SF3CN, SF3C6F5, and SF3 and mutual neutralization of Ar+ with CN- and C6F5- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; AFTERGLOW PLASMAS; IONS; RECOMBINATION; CHEMISTRY; G3 AB The additions of two sulfur fluoride derivatives (SF3C6F5 and SF3CN) to a flowing afterglow were studied by variable electron and neutral density mass spectrometry. Data collection and analysis were complicated by the high reactivity of the neutral species. Both species readily dissociatively attach thermal electrons at 300 K to yield SF3 + X- (X = C6F5, CN). Attachment to SF3C6F5 also results in SF3- + C6F5 as a minor product channel. The determined electron attachment rate constants were 1(-0.6)(+1) x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) for SF3C6F5, a lower limit of 1 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) for SF3CN, and 4 +/- 3 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) for SF3. Mutual neutralization rate constants of C6F5- and CN- with Ar+ at 300 K were determined to be 5.5(-1.6)(+1.0) x 10(-8) and 3.0 +/- 1 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3529423] C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Luzik, Eddie D., Jr.; Hazari, Nilay] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Luzik, Eddie D., Jr.] Univ New Haven, Dept Chem, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College FX The AFRL authors are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. N.S.S. was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. T.M.M. is under contract to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 4 AR 044323 DI 10.1063/1.3529423 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715PY UT WOS:000286897600066 PM 21280741 ER PT J AU Gopagoni, S Hwang, JY Singh, ARP Mensah, BA Bunce, N Tiley, J Scharf, TW Banerjee, R AF Gopagoni, S. Hwang, J. Y. Singh, A. R. P. Mensah, B. A. Bunce, N. Tiley, J. Scharf, T. W. Banerjee, R. TI Microstructural evolution in laser deposited nickel-titanium-carbon in situ metal matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Metal matrix composite; Laser deposition; Ni-Ti-C; Microstructural evolution; Mechanical properties ID FABRICATION; TI; NI AB Laser deposition of a mixture of elemental nickel titanium and carbon (graphite) powders via the laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process results in an in situ titanium carbide reinforced nickel metal matrix composites The composites have been characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy (including energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping) Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission (including high resolution) electron microscopy Both primary and eutectic titanium carbides observed in this composite exhibited the FCC-TiC structure (NaCl-type) Detailed characterization of the nickel/titanium carbide interface w is carried out using high resolution TEM with the orientation relationship between the phases being < 1 0 0 > TiC//< 1 1 0 > Ni and (0 0 2) TiC//((1) over bar 1 1) Ni Mechanical and tribological testing determined that the composites exhibited a relatively high hardness of 370 VHN and a steady-state friction coefficient of similar to 0 5 both improvements in comparison to LENS deposited pure Ni (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Gopagoni, S.; Hwang, J. Y.; Singh, A. R. P.; Mensah, B. A.; Bunce, N.; Scharf, T. W.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Gopagoni, S.; Hwang, J. Y.; Singh, A. R. P.; Mensah, B. A.; Bunce, N.; Scharf, T. W.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hwang, JY (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. FU U S Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL, ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0700828] FX This work was financially supported by the U S Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL, ISES Contract No FA8650-08-C-5226) The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas Two of the authors (BA M and T W S) acknowledge the partial support of the National Science Foundation (Grant No CMMI-0700828) NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 28 PY 2011 VL 509 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1260 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.208 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 694BK UT WOS:000285269800034 ER PT J AU Haley, JE Krein, DM Monahan, JL Burke, AR McLean, DG Slagle, JE Fratini, A Cooper, TM AF Haley, Joy E. Krein, Douglas M. Monahan, Jennifer L. Burke, Aaron R. McLean, Daniel G. Slagle, Jonathan E. Fratini, Albert Cooper, Thomas M. TI Photophysical Properties of a Series of Electron-Donating and -Withdrawing Platinum Acetylide Two-Photon Chromophores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; EXCITED-STATE; ALKYNYL COMPLEXES; TRIPLET EXCITON; ONE-PHOTON; ABSORPTION; ENERGY; OLIGOMERS; CHARGE; DYES AB To explore spectroscopic structure-property relationships in platinum acetylides, we synthesized a series of complexes having the molecular formula trans-bis(tributylphosphine)-bis(4-((9,9-diethyl-7-ethynyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)ethynyl)-R)-platinum. The substituent, R = NH(2), OCH(3), N(phenyl)(2), t-butyl, CH(3), H, F, benzothiazole, CF(3), CN, and NO(2), was chosen for a systematic variation in electron-donating and -withdrawing properties as described by the Hammett parameter sigma(p). UV/vis, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra, transient absorption spectra on the fs-ps time scale, and longer time scale flash photolysis on the ns time scale were collected. DFT and TDDFT calculations of the T(1) and S(1) energies were performed. The E(S) and E(T) values measured from linear spectra correlate well with the calculated results, giving evidence for the delocalized MLCT character of the S(1) state and confinement of the T(1) exciton on one ligand. The calculated T(1) state dipole moment ranges from 0.5 to 14 D, showing the polar, charge-transfer character of the T(1) state. The ultrafast absorption spectra have broad absorption bands from 575 to 675 nm and long wavelength contribution, which is shown from flash photolysis measurements to be from the T(1) state. The T(1) energy obtained from phosphorescence, the T(1)-T(n) transition energy obtained from flash photolysis measurements, and the triplet-state radiative rate constant are functions of the calculated spin density distribution on the ligand. The calculations show that the triplet exciton of chromophores with electron-withdrawing substitutents is localized away from the central platinum atom, red-shifting the spectra and increasing the triplet-state lifetime. Electrondonating substituents have the opposite effect on the location of the triplet exciton, the spectra, and the triplet-state lifetime. The relation between the intersystem crossing rate constant and the S(1)-T(1) energy gap shows a Marcus relationship with a reorganization energy of 0.83 eV. The calculations show that intersystem crossing occurs by conversion from a nonpolar, delocalized S(1) state to a polar, charge-transfer T(1) state confined to one ligand, accompanied by conformation changes and charge transfer, supporting the experimental evidence for Marcus behavior. C1 [Haley, Joy E.; Krein, Douglas M.; Monahan, Jennifer L.; Burke, Aaron R.; McLean, Daniel G.; Slagle, Jonathan E.; Fratini, Albert; Cooper, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Krein, Douglas M.; Burke, Aaron R.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Monahan, Jennifer L.] SOCHE Student Res Program, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [McLean, Daniel G.; Slagle, Jonathan E.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Fratini, Albert] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL/RX [F33615-99-C-5415, F33615-03-D-5408, F33615-03-D-5421] FX We acknowledge the support of this work by AFRL/RX Contracts F33615-99-C-5415 for D.G.M., F33615-03-D-5408 for D.M.K. and A.R.B., and F33615-03-D-5421 for J.E.H. and J.E.S. The authors thank Abby Shelton from Kirk Schanze's group, University of Florida, for collection of phosphorescence spectra. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 3 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1021/jp104596v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 707SO UT WOS:000286306500005 PM 21171643 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Wilson, GR Lin, CS Rich, FJ Wise, JO Hagan, MP AF Burke, W. J. Wilson, G. R. Lin, C. S. Rich, F. J. Wise, J. O. Hagan, M. P. TI Estimating Dst indices and exospheric temperatures from equatorial magnetic fields measured by DMSP satellites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARKER-SCKOPKE RELATION; RING CURRENT; STORM; ENERGY; CURRENTS AB We explore the feasibility of using variations in the horizontal component (Delta BH) of the Earth's magnetic field as measured by DMSP satellites while crossing the dip equator to estimate the provisional Dst index and the state of the thermosphere in near real time. Equatorial crossings are identified as locations where the vertical component of the main field measured by DMSP satellites vanishes. Local differences between measured and IGRF (epoch 2005) horizontal components (delta B(H)) were calculated for the years 2005 to 2009. Each year quiet time (0 >= Dst >= - 7 nT) subsets of delta B(H) were identified to establish offset baselines (delta B(H B)) as functions of longitude along the magnetic equator (phi(eq)) for each spacecraft. Year-to-year changes in delta B(H) (B) reflect variations of the Earth's main field, indicating that baseline calculations must be updated at regular intervals for each spacecraft. Running-averaged values of Delta B(H)(t) = delta B(H) (phi(eq), t) - delta B(H) (B) (phi(eq), t) inferred from combined DMSP F16 and F17 data streams are shown to follow variations in Dst during the test interval. The method is also shown to apply during the magnetic superstorms of late 2003. Except during the late main phase, increases in globally averaged exospheric temperatures inferred from Delta B(H) and provisional Dst time series are in reasonable agreement with those inferred from measurements by accelerometers on the GRACE satellites. C1 [Burke, W. J.] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Burke, W. J.; Hagan, M. P.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Wilson, G. R.; Lin, C. S.; Wise, J. O.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Rich, F. J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8718-09-C-0039]; Space Environment Technologies; AFOSR [Task 2301SDA5] FX Research that formed the basis of this report was supported in part by Air Force small business innovative research contract FA8718-09-C-0039 with Space Environment Technologies and by AFOSR Task 2301SDA5. We are very grateful for the technical staff at the University of Kyoto World Data Center who made the Dst and Sym H indices available in support of our analysis. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A01205 DI 10.1029/2010JA015310 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 713UX UT WOS:000286764000001 ER PT J AU Ibey, BL Roth, CC Pakhomov, AG Bernhard, JA Wilmink, GJ Pakhomova, ON AF Ibey, Bennett L. Roth, Caleb C. Pakhomov, Andrei G. Bernhard, Joshua A. Wilmink, Gerald J. Pakhomova, Olga N. TI Dose-Dependent Thresholds of 10-ns Electric Pulse Induced Plasma Membrane Disruption and Cytotoxicity in Multiple Cell Lines SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COLON-CARCINOMA CELLS; IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION; HIGH-INTENSITY; PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSLOCATION; FIELD NSPEF; IN-VITRO; NANOSECOND; APOPTOSIS; ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION; ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY AB In this study, we determined the LD50 (50% lethal dose) for cell death, and the ED50 (50% of cell population staining positive) for propidium (Pr) iodide uptake, and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization for several commonly studied cell lines (HeLa, Jurkat, U937, CHO-K1, and GH3) exposed to 10-ns electric pulses (EP). We found that the LD50 varied substantially across the cell lines studied, increasing from 51 J/g for Jurkat to 1861 J/g for HeLa. PS externalized at doses equal or lower than that required for death in all cell lines ranging from 51 J/g in Jurkat, to 199 J/g in CHO-K1. Pr uptake occurred at doses lower than required for death in three of the cell lines: 656 J/g for CHO-K1, 634 J/g for HeLa, and 142 J/g for GH3. Both Jurkat and U937 had a LD50 lower than the ED50 for Pr uptake at 780 J/g and 1274 J/g, respectively. The mechanism responsible for these differences was explored by evaluating cell size, calcium concentration in the exposure medium, and effect of trypsin treatment prior to exposure. None of the studied parameters correlated with the observed results suggesting that cellular susceptibility to injury and death by 10-ns EP was largely determined by cell physiology. In contrast to previous studies, our findings suggest that permeabilization of internal membranes may not necessarily be responsible for cell death by 10-ns EP. Additionally, a mixture of Jurkat and HeLa cells was exposed to 10-ns EP at a dose of 280 J/g. Death was observed only in Jurkat cells suggesting that 10-ns EP may selectively kill cells within a heterogeneous tissue. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Bernhard, Joshua A.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pakhomov, Andrei G.; Pakhomova, Olga N.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, 711th Human Performance Wing, San Antonio, TX USA. EM Bennett.Ibey@brooks.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Surgeon General Clinical Investigation Program; National Cancer Institute [R01CA125482]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM088303] FX The study was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, by Air Force Surgeon General Clinical Investigation Program, by the National Cancer Institute R01CA125482, and by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences R01GM088303. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e15642 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015642 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 712JL UT WOS:000286662800010 PM 21390200 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Whiting, BA AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Whiting, B. A. TI Cyclic creep and recovery behavior of Nextel (TM) 720/alumina ceramic composite at 1200 degrees C SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Oxides; Creep; Recovery; High-temperature properties; Fractography ID +/-45-DEGREES FIBER ORIENTATION; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; TENSILE CREEP; HOLD TIMES; DESIGN AB The cyclic creep and recovery behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam environments. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The main objective of this study was to assess the influence of various sustained creep and cyclic creep loading histories on the creep lifetime, creep strain rate, accumulated creep strain as well as on the recovery of creep strain at near zero stress. Cyclic creep-recovery tests were performed for maximum stress levels of 100 and 125 MPa with creep and recovery periods ranging from 3 min to 1 h. In laboratory air, lifetimes produced in cyclic creep and recovery tests significantly exceeded those obtained in sustained creep tests. Introduction of intermittent periods of unloading and recovery at near zero stress into the creep loading history resulted in an appreciable improvement in creep lifetime. Presence of steam considerably degraded the material performance. In steam, lifetimes produced in cyclic creep and recovery tests were close to those obtained in sustained creep tests. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Whiting, B. A.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate (Dr. R. Sikorski and Dr. J. Zelina) is highly appreciated. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2011 VL 528 IS 3 BP 1848 EP 1856 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.011 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 715RV UT WOS:000286904300150 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Farrugia, CJ Burke, WJ Ober, DM Scudder, JD Mozer, FS Russell, CT Reme, H Mouikis, C Siebert, KD AF Maynard, Nelson C. Farrugia, Charles J. Burke, William J. Ober, Daniel M. Scudder, Jack D. Mozer, Forrest S. Russell, Christopher T. Reme, Henri Mouikis, Christopher Siebert, Keith D. TI Interactions of the heliospheric current and plasma sheets with the bow shock: Cluster and Polar observations in the magnetosheath SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRIC-FIELD; 3-DIMENSIONAL PLASMA; SUBAURORAL LATITUDES; SECTOR STRUCTURE; WIND SPACECRAFT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MHD SIMULATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT AB On 12 March 2001, the Polar and Cluster spacecraft were at subsolar and cusp latitudes in the dayside magnetosheath, respectively, where they monitored the passage by Earth of a large-scale planar structure containing the high-density heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) and the embedded current sheet. Over significant intervals, as the magnetic hole of the HPS passed Cluster and Polar, magnetic field strengths vertical bar B vertical bar were much smaller than expected for the shocked interplanetary magnetic field. For short periods, vertical bar B vertical bar even fell below values measured by ACE in the upstream solar wind. Within the magnetic hole the ratio of plasma thermal and magnetic pressures (plasma beta) was consistently >100 and exceeded 1000. A temporary increase in lag times for identifiable features in B components to propagate from the location of ACE to those of Cluster and Polar was associated with the expansion (and subsequent compression) of the magnetic field and observed low vertical bar B vertical bar. Triangulation of the propagation velocity of these features across the four Cluster spacecraft configuration showed consistency with the measured component of ion velocity normal to the large-scale planar structure. B experienced large-amplitude wave activity, including fast magnetosonic waves. Within the low vertical bar B vertical bar region, guiding center behavior was disrupted and ions were subject to hydrodynamic rather than magnetohydrodynamic forcing. Under the reported conditions, a significant portion of the interplanetary coupling to the magnetosphere should proceed through interaction with the low-latitude boundary layer. Data acquired during a nearly simultaneous high-latitude pass of a Defense Meteorological Satellites Program satellite are consistent with this conjecture. C1 [Maynard, Nelson C.; Farrugia, Charles J.; Mouikis, Christopher] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03842 USA. [Burke, William J.; Ober, Daniel M.] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Mozer, Forrest S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reme, Henri] CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90065 USA. [Scudder, Jack D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Siebert, Keith D.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03842 USA. EM nelson.maynard@unh.edu RI Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 FU NASA [NNX08AD11G, NNX10AQ29G]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; CNES; WDC FX We thank Elizabeth Lucek, the FGM team, and the ESA Cluster Active Archive for use of the Cluster magnetometer data, Mats Andre for use of the Cluster electric field data, Charles Smith and David McComas for use of the ACE magnetic field and particle data, Ron Lepping and Robert Lin for use of Wind magnetic field and particle data, and Keith Ogilvie and the Wind Plasma Team for the Wind electron heat flux data. We thank Shanshan Li-Rodriguez for data support at the University of Iowa. We thank the institutes who maintain the IMAGE Magnetometer Array for access to the IMAGE data and J. Gjerloev and Super-MAG for access to the Narsarsauq, Greenland, magnetometer data. The SYM-H values were obtained through the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The ISM was developed under sponsorship of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dulles, Virginia. ISM computations were performed on computers at AFRL. The work at the University of New Hampshire was supported by NASA through Cluster mission funding to the University of California at Berkeley (subcontracted). CJF is also partially supported by NASA through grants NNX08AD11G, NNX10AQ29G, and Cluster grant to UNH. W.J.B. and D.M.O. received funding support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. C. I. S. was funded in France by CNES grants. Geomagnetic activity indices were obtained from the WDC for Geomagnetism in Kyoto. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A01212 DI 10.1029/2010JA015872 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 713UV UT WOS:000286763800002 ER PT J AU Weimer, DR Bowman, BR Sutton, EK Tobiska, WK AF Weimer, D. R. Bowman, B. R. Sutton, E. K. Tobiska, W. K. TI Predicting global average thermospheric temperature changes resulting from auroral heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP INDEX; NITRIC-OXIDE; TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; POTENTIAL SATURATION; ACCELEROMETER DATA; FIELD VARIABILITY; DENSITY; MODEL; STORM; CHAMP AB The total Poynting flux flowing into both polar hemispheres as a function of time, computed with an empirical model, is compared with measurements of neutral densities in the thermosphere at two altitudes obtained from accelerometers on the CHAMP and GRACE satellites. The Jacchia-Bowman 2008 empirical thermospheric density model (JB2008) is used to facilitate the comparison. This model calculates a background level for the "global nighttime minimum exospheric temperature," T(c), from solar indices. Corrections to this background level due to auroral heating, Delta T(c), are presently computed from the Delta T(c) index. A proxy measurement of this temperature difference, Delta T(c), is obtained by matching the CHAMP and GRACE density measurements with the JB2008 model. Through the use of a differential equation, the Delta T(c) correction can be predicted from IMF values. The resulting calculations correlate very well with the orbit-averaged measurements of Delta T(c), and correlate better than the values derived from Dst. Results indicate that the thermosphere cools faster following time periods with greater ionospheric heating. The enhanced cooling is likely due to nitric oxide (NO) that is produced at a higher rate in proportion to the ionospheric heating, and this effect is simulated in the differential equations. As the Delta T(c) temperature correction from this model can be used as a direct substitute for the Dst-derived correction that is now used in JB200, it could be possible to predict Delta T(c) with greater accuracy and lead time. C1 [Weimer, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Inst Aerosp, Blacksburg, VA 23666 USA. [Bowman, B. R.] Peterson AFB, AF Space Command, Colorado Springs, CO 80925 USA. [Sutton, E. K.] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Tobiska, W. K.] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. RP Weimer, DR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Blacksburg, VA 23666 USA. EM dweimer@vt.edu; bruce.bowman@peterson.af.mil; eric.sutton@hanscom.af.mil; ktobiska@spacenvironment.net RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU NASA [NNX09AJ58G] FX This work is funded by the NASA Living With a Star Program through grant NNX09AJ58G to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A01312 DI 10.1029/2010JA015685 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 713UV UT WOS:000286763800001 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Bishop, GJ Welsh, JA AF McNamara, Leo F. Bishop, Gregory J. Welsh, Judith A. TI Analog ionospheric forecasts: Space weather forecasts by analogy with previous events SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; STORMS; TEC AB Operational systems that take advantage of the ionosphere or for which the ionosphere is a major inconvenience require that deleterious changes to the ionosphere during geomagnetically disturbed intervals be forecast up to several days in advance, in order to allow mitigation procedures to be instituted. However, the reliability of current space weather models of the Sun, solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere is such that the consequential ionospheric forecasts depend too much on the uncertainties of the various models. It is no secret that the level of success of space weather forecasts is currently still a decade or two behind that achieved by the tropospheric weather forecasting community. As an interim solution to forecasting the low and midlatitude ionosphere, we propose the use of analog forecasts in which we look to the past to see what happened to the ionosphere during a historical interval for which the forecast geomagnetic conditions also applied. In order to investigate the concept of analog forecasts, we have analyzed Australian ionosonde values of NmF2 for similar to 200 disturbed intervals. While we do not expect analog forecasts to match the details of individual storms, we do expect them to provide users with the essential nature of a forecast ionospheric storm. The reliability of analog forecasts should increase as we gain experience and thus provide a standard of reliability that will eventually be reached by fully coupled space weather forecasts. C1 [McNamara, Leo F.; Bishop, Gregory J.; Welsh, Judith A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBX, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@kirtland.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2011 VL 46 AR RS1002 DI 10.1029/2010RS004399 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 710PH UT WOS:000286523200001 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Krucker, S Szabo, A AF Kahler, S. W. Krucker, S. Szabo, A. TI Solar energetic electron probes of magnetic cloud field line lengths SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX-ROPE GEOMETRY; WIND; TOPOLOGY; PARAMETERS; SIGNATURES; EVENTS; STEREO; PARTICLES; HELICITY AB Magnetic clouds (MCs) are large interplanetary coronal mass ejections of enhanced and low-variance fields with rotations indicative of magnetic flux ropes originally connected to the Sun. The MC flux rope models require field lines with larger pitch angles and longer lengths with increasing distance from the MC axis. While the models can provide good fits to the in situ solar wind observations, there have not been definitive observational tests of the global magnetic field geometry, particularly for the field line lengths. However, impulsive solar energetic (E > 10 keV) electron events occasionally occur within an MC, and the electron onsets can be used to infer Le, the magnetic field line lengths traveled by the electrons from the Sun to the points in the MC where the electron onsets occur. We selected 8 MCs in and near which 30 solar electron events were observed by the 3DP instrument on the Wind spacecraft. We compared the corresponding Le values with calculated model field line lengths to test two MC models. Some limitations on the technique are imposed by variations of the models and uncertainly about MC boundary locations. We found generally poor correlations between the computed electron path lengths and the model field line lengths. Only one value of Le inside an MC, that of 18 October 1995, exceeded 3.2 AU, indicating an absence of the long path lengths expected in the highly wound outer regions of MC models. We briefly consider the implications for MC models. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Krucker, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Szabo, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil FU NASA [NNG 05GH18G]; AFOSR work unit [2301RDZ4] FX We acknowledge the Wind MFI and 3DP instrument teams for the use of their data. The work at UC Berkeley was supported through NASA grant NNG 05GH18G for Wind. The work at AFRL was supported by AFOSR work unit 2301RDZ4. The work benefited considerably from comments of the reviewers and of colleagues at Caltech. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A01104 DI 10.1029/2010JA015328 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 710PE UT WOS:000286522900001 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Christensen, DT Chamberlain, AL Lane, JE Cook, TS AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Christensen, D. T. Chamberlain, A. L. Lane, J. E. Cook, T. S. TI Effect of frequency and environment on fatigue behavior of a CVI SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite at 1200 degrees C SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Fatigue; High-temperature properties; Mechanical properties; Fractography ID CREEP; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; STRESS; DESIGN; EMBRITTLEMENT; STABILITY; NICALON AB The fatigue behavior of a SiC/SiC CMC (ceramic matrix composite) was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The composite consists of a SiC matrix reinforced with laminated woven Hi-Nicalon (TM) fibers. Fiber preforms had boron nitride fiber coating applied and were then densified with CVI SiC. Tensile stress-strain behavior and tensile properties were evaluated at 1200 degrees C. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted at frequencies of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 Hz for fatigue stresses ranging from 80 to 120 MPa in air and from 60 to 110 MPa in steam. Fatigue run-out was defined as 10(5) cycles at the frequency of 0.1 Hz and as 2 x 10(5) cycles at the frequencies of 1.0 and 10 Hz. Presence of steam significantly degraded the fatigue performance. In both test environments the fatigue limit and fatigue lifetime decreased with increasing frequency. Specimens that achieved run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. The material retained 100% of its tensile strength, yet modulus loss up to 22% was observed. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Christensen, D. T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chamberlain, A. L.; Lane, J. E.; Cook, T. S.] Rolls Royce PLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 2 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.11.008 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 715SY UT WOS:000286909100017 ER PT J AU Varga, J Domokos, A Barna, I Jankord, R Bagdy, G Zelena, D AF Varga, Janos Domokos, Agnes Barna, Istvan Jankord, Ryan Bagdy, Gyoergy Zelena, Dora TI Lack of vasopressin does not prevent the behavioural and endocrine changes induced by chronic unpredictable stress SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE POMC; ACTH; Corticosterone; Elevated plus maze; Forced swim ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; DEFICIENT BRATTLEBORO RATS; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR; MILD STRESS; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; DIABETES-INSIPIDUS; REPEATED RESTRAINT AB Vasopressin (VP) plays an important role in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and in stress-related disorders. Our previous studies confirmed the role of VP in acute situations, where VP-deficient Brattleboro rats had less depression-like behaviour compared to animals that express VP. In this study, we test the hypothesis that VP-deficient rats are more resistant to the development of chronic HPA axis hyperactivity and depression-like symptoms after chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Male VP-deficient Brattleboro rats were compared to their heterozygous littermates (controls). CUS consisted of different mild stimuli for 5 weeks. Elevated plus maze and forced swim test were used for behavioural characterization, while organs and blood for HPA axis parameters were collected at the end of the experiment. In controls, CUS resulted in the development of chronic stress state characterized by typical somatic (body weight reduction, thymus involution) and endocrine changes (resting plasma ACTH and corticosterone elevation and POMC mRNA elevation in anterior lobe of the pituitary). Floating time in the forced swim test was enhanced together with reduced open arm entries on elevated plus maze and a reduction in daily food intake. Unexpectedly, the lack of VP did not alter the effect of CUS on the somatic and behavioural measures, but only prevented CUS-induced corticosterone changes. In conclusion, lifelong VP-deficiency has a positive effect on corticosterone elevation following CUS but does not affect the behavioural consequences of CUS. It is likely that the interplay of several related factors, rather than an alteration in a single neuropeptide, modulates behaviour and disease pathogenesis. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Varga, Janos; Domokos, Agnes; Barna, Istvan; Zelena, Dora] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, H-1083 Budapest 43, Szigony, Hungary. [Jankord, Ryan] USAF, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bagdy, Gyoergy] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Pharmacodynam, H-1085 Budapest 26, Ulloi, Hungary. RP Zelena, D (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, H-1083 Budapest 43, Szigony, Hungary. EM zelena.dora@koki.hu OI Bagdy, Gyorgy/0000-0001-8141-3410 FU OTKA [NN71629] FX This work was supported by OTKA grant NN71629. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.09.014 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 714YQ UT WOS:000286848000008 PM 20946941 ER PT J AU Stewart, JB Cazacu, O AF Stewart, Joel B. Cazacu, Oana TI Analytical yield criterion for an anisotropic material containing spherical voids and exhibiting tension-compression asymmetry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Plastic anisotropy; Homogenization; Constitutive behavior; Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) materials; Porous material; Finite element; Tension-compression asymmetry ID PLASTIC SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DUCTILE SHEET METALS; ELLIPSOIDAL CAVITIES; NONSPHERICAL VOIDS; APPROXIMATE MODELS; CONSTITUTIVE LAW; TITANIUM-ALLOY; POROUS SOLIDS; PART I; FRACTURE AB A significant difference between the behavior in tension versus compression is obtained at the polycrystal level if either twinning or non-Schmid effects are contributors to the plastic deformation at the single crystal level. Examples of materials that exhibit tension-compression asymmetry include hexagonal close-packed (HCP) polycrystals and intermetallics (e.g., molybdenum compounds). Despite recent progress in modeling their yield behavior in the absence of voids, the description of coupling between plasticity and damage by void growth in these materials remains a challenge. This paper is devoted to the development of a macroscopic anisotropic yield criterion for a porous material when the matrix material is incompressible, anisotropic and displays tension-compression asymmetry. The analytical yield criterion is obtained based on micromechanical considerations and non-linear homogenization. The matrix plastic behavior is described by the Cazacu et al. (2006) anisotropic yield criterion that is pressure-insensitive and accounts for strength-differential effects. Comparison between finite element cell calculations and theory show the predictive capabilities of the developed anisotropic model in terms of modeling the combined effects of anisotropy, tension-compression asymmetry of the matrix and voids on the overall yielding of the porous aggregate. It is shown that if the matrix material does not display tension-compression asymmetry, the developed criterion reduces to that of Benzerga and Besson (2001). If the matrix is isotropic, it reduces to the isotropic criterion developed in Cazacu and Stewart (2009). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Joel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. EM joel.stewart@eglin.af.mil; cazacu@reef.ufl.edu RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Stewart, Joel/0000-0002-1723-7106 FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0429]; NSF [CMMI-1000303] FX Joel Stewart and Oana Cazacu would each like to acknowledge partial support for this work provided by AFOSR (through a laboratory task and FA9550-10-1-0429, respectively). Oana Cazacu would also like to acknowledge support from NSF (CMMI-1000303). NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 357 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.10.009 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 689JF UT WOS:000284923200013 ER PT J AU Tellez, JA Schmidt, JD AF Tellez, Jason A. Schmidt, Jason D. TI Multibeam scintillation cumulative distribution function SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION AB The gamma-gamma probability density function is commonly used to model the scintillation of a single laser beam propagating through atmospheric turbulence. One method proposed to reduce scintillation at the receiver plane involves the use of multiple channels propagating through independent paths, resulting in a sum of independent gamma-gamma random variables. Recently, a novel approach for an accurate, closed-form approximation for the sum of independent, identically distributed gamma-gamma random variables was introduced by Chatzidiamantis et al. [GLOBECOM 2009-2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (2009)]. Using this approximation, we present the first analytic model for the distribution of irradiance due to propagating multiple independent beams. This model compares favorably to wave-optics simulations. C1 [Tellez, Jason A.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.tellez@afit.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) [F1ATA0035J001] FX This research is sponsored by the Physics and Electronics Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) under federal grant F1ATA0035J001. The technical results and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the sponsors, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 2 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000286 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 706BC UT WOS:000286188100064 PM 21263528 ER PT J AU Bobela, DC Taylor, PC Kuhns, P Reyes, A Edwards, A AF Bobela, David C. Taylor, P. Craig Kuhns, Phillip Reyes, Arneil Edwards, Arthur TI Antimony bonding in Ge-Sb-Te phase change materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The amorphous phase in some technologically important Ge-Sb-Te systems is still not well understood despite many models that exist to explain it. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we demonstrate that Sb bonding in these systems follows the 8-N rule for chemical bonding in amorphous solids. We find that the Sb atoms preferentially bond to three atoms in a pyramidal configuration analogous to the sites occurring in Sb-S or Sb-Se systems. The data we present should be used as a guide for structural modeling of the amorphous phase. C1 [Bobela, David C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Taylor, P. Craig] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kuhns, Phillip; Reyes, Arneil] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Edwards, Arthur] USAF, Res Lab, RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bobela, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9453-07-1-0202]; National Science Foundation [DMR 0702351] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9453-07-1-0202 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 0702351. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 13 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 3 AR 033201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.033201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713WB UT WOS:000286767000001 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Harruff, BA Gord, JR Rosenberger, AT Sexton, TM Guliants, EA Bunker, CE AF Lewis, William K. Harruff, Barbara A. Gord, Joseph R. Rosenberger, Andrew T. Sexton, Thomas M. Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Chemical Dynamics of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Perchlorate Matrices: Enhanced Reactivity of Organically Capped Aluminum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PARTICLE COMBUSTION; OLEIC-ACID; POWDERS; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; EXPLOSIVES; FLAME; SIZE; AIR AB Aluminum nanoparticles have been a subject of active investigation in recent years because of their potential to enhance the energy content of energetic materials. The associated kinetics of the chemical reaction and energy release are, in many cases, governed by the properties of the passivation layer protecting the particle rather than those of the underlying metal core. The passivation layer of Al particles is typically an oxide shell several nanometers thick, but other possibilities are now available. We have previously developed synthesis routes to produce air-stable Al nanoparticles that are capped by oleic acid. In the present study, we examine the chemical dynamics of these materials in ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate matrices. For comparison, the analogous experiments were also performed on samples using traditional oxide-protected particles. Reactions are initiated by a 20 mu s IR laser pulse and then probed via time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the evolved gases and by emission spectroscopy of the flame. In both ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate matrices, the organically passivated nanoparticles are found to be significantly more reactive and are able to access some reaction pathways unavailable to oxide-protected particles. C1 [Lewis, William K.; Harruff, Barbara A.; Gord, Joseph R.; Rosenberger, Andrew T.; Sexton, Thomas M.; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM lewiswik@notes.udayton.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA-07-1-0026]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX We would like to acknowledge financial support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (grant HDTRA-07-1-0026), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the continued support of Dr. Julian Tishkoff, and the Air Force Research Laboratory through the NanoEnergetics program. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 13 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1021/jp107264h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 701LA UT WOS:000285818200011 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Bultman, JE Aouadi, SM Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Bultman, J. E. Aouadi, S. M. Voevodin, A. A. TI In situ Raman spectroscopy for examination of high temperature tribological processes SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE Sliding wear; Solid lubricant coatings; Tribochemistry; Surface analysis; High temperature ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SLIDING CONTACT; VN COATINGS; FRICTION; WEAR; TRIBOMETRY; BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION; AGVO3; MOS2 AB Raman spectroscopy of solid lubricant coatings during high temperature (300-700 degrees C) wear testing was employed for real-time correlation of sliding contact surface chemistry to the measured friction coefficient. Two coatings were investigated in this work - MoS2 and VN-Ag. Immediately prior to failure of the MoS2 coating at 350 degrees C, molybdenum trioxide was detected in the wear track, and an increase in friction coefficient and ultimate failure of the coating was associated with buildup of the abrasive oxide compound. For the VN-Ag nanocomposite coating, in situ Raman analysis of the contact surface during heating revealed the appearance of silver vanadate compounds at a temperature of 375 degrees C. At higher temperatures, competitive evolution of different silver vanadate phases (i.e., Ag3VO4, AgVO3) was observed. For the conditions examined in this work, the wear process at 700 degrees C inhibited formation of AgVO3 in the sliding contact, as determined by comparison of the composition of the wear track to that of the adjacent, unworn coating surface. Additionally, the composition of the wear track was significantly different after the sample had cooled sufficiently to allow handling for post-test surface characterization with conventional Raman, XRD, and SEM techniques, further illustrating the utility of in situ diagnostics for identification of active lubricant phases during wear tests. This ability to characterize surfaces during wear tests at elevated temperatures fills an important gap left by current in situ tribology techniques that are currently used to provide insight on mechanisms governing the performance of solid lubricant film materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muratore, C.; Bultman, J. E.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bultman, J. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aouadi, S. M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, 2941 Hobson Way,Room 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Thanks to Art J. Safriet for fabrication and design assistance for in situ Raman probe apparatus. Also, Jeffrey S. Zabinski at the Air Force Research Laboratory and Kathryn J. Wahl at the Naval Research Laboratory provided insightful discussion on aspects of this work. We also express gratitude to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support of this effort. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 270 IS 3-4 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2010.07.012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 713ET UT WOS:000286718500003 ER PT J AU Mishin, E Pedersen, T AF Mishin, Evgeny Pedersen, Todd TI Ionizing wave via high-power HF acceleration SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; IONOSPHERE; ALTITUDE; ENHANCEMENTS; INSTABILITY; DEPENDENCE; AIRGLOW; REGIONS; HAARP AB Recent ionospheric modification experiments with the 3.6 MW transmitter at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska led to discovery of artificial ionization descending from the nominal interaction altitude in the background F-region ionosphere by similar to 60 km. This paper presents a physical model of an ionizing wavefront created by suprathermal electrons accelerated by the HF-excited plasma turbulence. Citation: Mishin, E., and T. Pedersen (2011), Ionizing wave via high-power HF acceleration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01105, doi:10.1029/2010GL046045. C1 [Mishin, Evgeny; Pedersen, Todd] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM evgeny.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; todd.pedersen@hanscom.af.mi OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. HAARP is a Department of Defense program operated jointly by the U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. We thank Chris Fallen for providing the MUIR ion line data. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L01105 DI 10.1029/2010GL046045 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 707XA UT WOS:000286323300007 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SS Peckham, SJ Enis, JA Koebbe, C Smith, BD AF McLaughlin, Sandra S. Peckham, Steven J. Enis, John A. Koebbe, Christopher Smith, Benjamin D. TI Young Woman With Thymoma Metastatic to the Brain Controlled With Gross Total Resection and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, With a Subsequent Uncomplicated Pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALIGNANT THYMOMA; INVASIVE THYMOMA; THYMIC CARCINOMA C1 [McLaughlin, Sandra S.] USN, Hlth Clin Patuxent River, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Peckham, Steven J.; Enis, John A.; Koebbe, Christopher] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McLaughlin, SS (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin Patuxent River, Patuxent River, MD USA. OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP E30 EP E33 DI 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.0003 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 703GC UT WOS:000285965400004 PM 20940185 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Kohl, KS Gidudu, J Amato, A Bakshi, N Baxter, R Burwen, DR Cornblath, DR Cleerbout, J Edwards, KM Heininger, U Hughes, R Khuri-Bulos, N Korinthenberg, R Law, BJ Munro, U Maltezou, HC Nell, P Oleske, J Sparks, R Velentgas, P Vermeer, P Wiznitzer, M AF Sejvar, James J. Kohl, Katrin S. Gidudu, Jane Amato, Anthony Bakshi, Nandini Baxter, Roger Burwen, Dale R. Cornblath, David R. Cleerbout, Jan Edwards, Kathryn M. Heininger, Ulrich Hughes, Richard Khuri-Bulos, Najwa Korinthenberg, Rudolf Law, Barbara J. Munro, Ursula Maltezou, Helena C. Nell, Patricia Oleske, James Sparks, Robert Velentgas, Priscilla Vermeer, Patricia Wiznitzer, Max CA Brighton Collaboration GBS Working TI Guillain-Barre syndrome and Fisher syndrome: Case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Guillain-Barre syndrome; Neuropathy; Fisher syndrome; Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; Adverse event; Immunization; Guidelines; Case definition ID MEDIATED NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; MOTOR AXONAL NEUROPATHY; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; RABIES VACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Sejvar, James J.; Kohl, Katrin S.; Gidudu, Jane] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Amato, Anthony] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Neuromuscular Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Velentgas, Priscilla] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. [Bakshi, Nandini; Baxter, Roger] NCK Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. [Burwen, Dale R.] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Cornblath, David R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cleerbout, Jan] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Edwards, Kathryn M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Heininger, Ulrich] Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. [Hughes, Richard] Kings Coll London, Sch Med, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Khuri-Bulos, Najwa] Jordan Univ Hosp, Amman, Jordan. [Korinthenberg, Rudolf] Univ Hosp Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [Law, Barbara J.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Munro, Ursula] Sanofi Pasteur MSD GmbH, Walldorf, Germany. [Maltezou, Helena C.] Hellen Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Athens, Greece. [Nell, Patricia] USAF, Airforce Reserve Command, Sturgeon Bay, WI USA. [Oleske, James] Univ Hosp, New Jersey Med Sch, Morris Plains, NJ USA. [Sparks, Robert] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Velentgas, Priscilla] Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. [Vermeer, Patricia] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Wiznitzer, Max] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM secretariat@brightoncollaboration.org OI Korinthenberg, Rudolf/0000-0002-4638-3460 FU WHO FX The authors are grateful for the support and helpful comments from members of Brighton Collaboration Steering Committee during the time of the development of this document, who are not already included as authors (Mike Blum, Paul Heath, Hector Izurieta, Brigitte Keller Stanislawski, Katrin Kohl Odile Leroy), and the participants in the Reference Group (Adam Rudiger, Adderson Elisabeth, Aguilar Maria, Aldrovandi Grace, Allen Mary, Bachtiar Novilia Sjafri, Barami A. A. Salim, Baxter Roger, Bettinger Julie, Bilynsky Roman, Blum Michael, Bonhoeffer Jan, Brady Michael, Buettcher Michael, Buttery Jim, Cane Alejandro, Chang Soju, Chatterjee Arani, Chawla Krishan, Cherian Thomas, Cleerbout Jan, Close Philippe, Condit Richard, Cornblath David, Couch Robert B., da Costa Christopher, Davis Larry, de Menezes Martins Reinaldo, de Vries Corinne, Deotti Sandra Maria, Dimitrijevic Dragana, Dong Duo, Evengard Birgitta, Falup-Pecurariu Cristian, Fernandopulle Rohini, Ferreira Germano, Fisher Margaret C, Galama Jochem, Gallegos Karl, Gershman Mark, Gibbs Neville, Gidudu Jane, Gurwith Marc, Halsey Neal, Hanlon Erin, Hitchcock William, Hossain Shah, Huang Wan-Ting, Hunter Deborah, Isaacs David, Jacobson Robert, Johann-Liang Rosemary, Jones Barbara, Jovancevic Milivoj, Kaisar Mahfuzul Islam, Kang Gagandeep, Klug Bettina, Korinthenberg Rudolf, Kulcsar Andrea, Lee Grace, Lievano Fabio, MacDonald Noni, Mahmood Asif, Maltezou Helena, Martin Martin Susana, McIntosh G David, Mentzer Dirk, Meredith Stefanie, Meszner Zsofia, Milstien Julie, Minor Mary, Modlin John, Montgomery Jay, Morse Ann, Munro Ursula, Nalin David, Nell Patricia, Nimmannitya Suchitra, Nisslein Thomas, Nokleby Hanne, Nwosu Kenneth, Oleske James M., Patnaik Badri, Pinheiro Luis, Pourmalek Farshad, Ramasamy Ranjan, Rump Eva-Beate, Samson Heather, Santos Eliane, Schuller Elisabeth, Schultze Viola, Sidhu Maninder K., Sillan Francoise, Sliman Joseph, Soh Bee Leng Sally, Sparks Robert, Sprenger Ralf, Steele Russell, Stoller Rudolf, Storsaeter Jann, Suznjevic Vladimir, Tebaa Amina, Tridente Giuseppe, Trimis Georgios, Uhnoo Ingrid, Van Dinther Kristy, Varricchio Frederick, Ventura Rafael, Vilella Anna, Warden Beverly, Weston William, Wimalaratne Omala, Wong Virginia, Chun-Nei, Zajdowicz Thad, Zaman Khalequz, Zanoni Giovanna, Zielinski Andrzej, and Zuber Patrick and harmonization work by Michael Buettcher, Sabine Faisst, and Jan Bonhoeffer. We are also grateful for the support of WHO and ECDC for creating this document. Finally, we would like to thank the members of the WHO/CIOMS Working Group on Vaccine Pharmacovigilance (http://www.cioms.ch/frame current programme. htm) for the review of, constructive comments on, and endorsement of this document. NR 84 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 10 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.003 PG 14 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 715AQ UT WOS:000286853200031 PM 20600491 ER PT J AU Kramb, RC Zhang, R Schweizer, KS Zukoski, CF AF Kramb, Ryan C. Zhang, Rui Schweizer, Kenneth S. Zukoski, Charles F. TI Re-entrant kinetic arrest and elasticity of concentrated suspensions of spherical and nonspherical repulsive and attractive colloids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; PARTICLES; LIQUIDS; GELS; ELLIPSOIDS; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYMERIZATION; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; CLUSTERS AB We have designed and studied a new experimental colloidal system to probe how the weak shape anisotropy of uniaxial particles and variable repulsive (Coulombic) and attractive (van der Waals) forces influence slow dynamics, shear elasticity, and kinetic vitrification in dense suspensions. The introduction of shape anisotropy dramatically delays kinetic vitrification and reduces the shear elastic modulus of colloidal diatomics relative to their chemically identical spherical analogs. Tuning the interparticle interaction from repulsive, to nearly hard, to attractive by increasing suspension ionic strength reveals a nonmonotonic re-entrant dynamical phase behavior (glass-fluid-gel) and a rich variation of the shear modulus. The experimental results are quantitatively confronted with recent predictions of ideal mode coupling and activated barrier hopping theories of kinetic arrest and elasticity, and good agreement is generally found with a couple of exceptions. The systems created may have interesting materials science applications such as flowable ultrahigh volume fraction suspensions, or responsive fluids that can be reversibly switched between a flowing liquid and a solid nonequilibrium state based on in situ modification of suspension ionic strength. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3509393] C1 [Kramb, Ryan C.; Schweizer, Kenneth S.; Zukoski, Charles F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kramb, Ryan C.; Zhang, Rui; Schweizer, Kenneth S.; Zukoski, Charles F.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhang, Rui; Schweizer, Kenneth S.; Zukoski, Charles F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kramb, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM czukoski@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences through the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory (FS-MRL) at the University of Illinois [DE-FG02-07ER46471]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46471, DE-FG02-07ER46453] FX Our work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46471, through the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory (FS-MRL) at the University of Illinois. Experiments were carried out in part in the FS-MRL Central Facilities which are partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant Nos. DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 1 AR 014503 DI 10.1063/1.3509393 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 703VY UT WOS:000286010600016 PM 21219003 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Bemish, RJ Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Bemish, Raymond J. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron-Catalyzed Mutual Neutralization of Various Anions with Ar+: Evidence of a New Plasma Process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOWING-AFTERGLOW PLASMAS; ION RECOMBINATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ATTACHMENT; RATES AB The mutual neutralization of anions with Ar+ has been studied by variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry. Evidence of a previously unobserved plasma loss process, electron-catalyzed mutual neutralization (ECMN), e.g., SF6- + Ar+ + e(-) -> neutrals + e(-), is reported. Results for 10 species suggest that ECMN occurs generally and significantly affects the total ion-loss rate in plasmas with electron densities exceeding 1010 cm(-3). ECMN is discussed in the context of other known three-body plasma processes, the mechanisms for which appear insufficient to explain the observed effect. A mechanism for ECMN involving an incident electron facilitating energy transfer to the internal modes of the anion is proposed. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Bemish, Raymond J.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Bemish, Raymond/I-3340-2012; Bemish, Raymond/B-7929-2013 OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. T. M. M. is under contract to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. N. S. S. is supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 1 AR 018302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.018302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 713PS UT WOS:000286750500009 PM 21231774 ER PT J AU Dors, I McHugh, JP Jumper, GY Roadcap, J AF Dors, I. McHugh, J. P. Jumper, G. Y. Roadcap, J. TI Velocity spectra and turbulence using direct detection lidar and comparison with thermosonde measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; STATISTICS; CAMPAIGN; RADAR AB Observations of turbulence have been performed in New Hampshire near Mount Washington using two independent instruments: a ground-based direct detection Doppler lidar and a balloon-borne thermosonde. The Doppler lidar measures a time series of the velocity component parallel to the laser beam for each altitude. Spectra of the velocity time series are determined using the Scargle technique. Turbulence levels are estimated from the spectra assuming Kolmogorov behavior. The thermosonde measures the temperature difference between two sensors spaced 1 m apart, computes a running RMS average, and then determines the temperature turbulence parameter, C-T(2), also assuming Kolmogoroff behavior. The results show that the strongest levels of turbulence exist in a Kelvin-Helmholtz layer in the altitude range of 1.2 < z < 1.9 km. This layer shows a three-tier structure consisting of a well-mixed layer in the center with strong velocity fluctuations bounded on top and bottom by layers with strong temperature fluctuations. C1 [Dors, I.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jumper, G. Y.; Roadcap, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [McHugh, J. P.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Dors, I (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ivan.dors@unh.edu; jpm@cisunix.unh.edu FU National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA [NA17EC1105] FX The authors would like to thank Ed Murphy and Paul Tracy of the Air Force Research Lab for assistance in the thermosonde measurements, Berrien Moore and Jim Ryan of the University of New Hampshire, and Carl Nardell and Paul Hays of Michigan Aerospace Corp for assistance with the lidar measurements. Funding for the authors from UNH was provided by the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA grant NA17EC1105. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 5 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D01102 DI 10.1029/2010JD014606 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704MP UT WOS:000286057400001 ER PT J AU Li, YN Yu, DS Dai, LM Urbas, A Li, QA AF Li, Yannian Yu, Dingshan Dai, Liming Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Organo-Soluble Chiral Thiol-Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanorods SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; CLUSTER MOLECULES; DIFFERENT SHAPES; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; COLLOIDAL GOLD; ASPECT-RATIO; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTORACEMIZATION; SURFACE AB Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of organo-soluble chiral thiol-monolayer-protected gold nanorods. The resulting gold nanorods respectively covered with two opposite enantiomers via the strong covalent Au-S linkage were found to not only be stable in both organic media and solid state, but also show optical activity. Their circular dichroism (CD) spectra exhibited a mirror image relationship, indicating that enantiomeric thiol surfactant on gold surface can produce the corresponding enantiomeric gold nanorods. The densely packed azobenzene thiol monolayer on gold surface exhibited a photoresponsive behavior upon irradiation with 254 nm light instead of 365 nm light, which was found to have an effect on plasmonic absorption of gold nanorods. C1 [Li, Yannian; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Yu, Dingshan; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, QA (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Li, Yannian/B-7000-2012; Yu, Dingshan/C-8881-2014; OI Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-7650-5131; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-2913-2432 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0254]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-09-1-0254), and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 4 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1021/la104131y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 697ZP UT WOS:000285560400014 PM 21142010 ER PT S AU Van Dongen, HPA Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL AF Van Dongen, Hans P. A. Caldwell, John A., Jr. Caldwell, J. Lynn BE VanDongen, HPA Kerkhof, GA TI Individual differences in cognitive vulnerability to fatigue in the laboratory and in the workplace SO HUMAN SLEEP AND COGNITION, PT II: CLINICAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE resilience to fatigue; interindividual differences; performance impairment; air force pilots; sleep deprivation; shift work ID CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION; WORKING-MEMORY TASK; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; DOSE-RESPONSE; NEUROBEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE; SUBSEQUENT RECOVERY; MODEL PREDICTIONS; BRAIN ACTIVATION; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; BASE-LINE AB Individual differences in cognitive functioning during extended work hours and shift work are of considerable magnitude, and observed both in the laboratory and in the workplace. These individual differences have a biological basis in trait-like, differential vulnerability to fatigue from sleep loss and circadian misalignment. Trait-like vulnerability is predicted in part by gene polymorphisms and other biological or psychological characteristics, but for the larger part it remains unexplained. A complicating factor is that whether individuals are vulnerable or resilient to sleep deprivation depends on the fatigue measure considered-subjective versus objective assessment, or one cognitive task versus another. Such dissociation has been observed in laboratory data published previously, and in data from a simulated operational setting first presented here. Discordance between subjective and objective measures of fatigue has been documented in various contexts, and may be one of the reasons why vulnerable individuals do not systematically opt out of professions involving high cognitive demands and exposure to fatigue. Discordance in vulnerability to fatigue among different measures of cognitive performance may be related to the "task impurity problem," which implies that interrelated cognitive processes involved in task performance must be distinguished before overall performance outcomes can be fully understood. Experimental studies and cognitive and computational modeling approaches are currently being employed to address the task impurity problem and gain new insights into individual vulnerability to fatigue across a wide range of cognitive tasks. This ongoing research is driving progress in the management of risks to safety and productivity associated with vulnerability to cognitive impairment from fatigue in the workplace. C1 [Van Dongen, Hans P. A.] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. [Caldwell, John A., Jr.] Fatigue Sci, Honolulu, HI USA. [Caldwell, J. Lynn] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Van Dongen, HPA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. EM hvd@wsu.edu NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 BN 978-0-44-453818-5 J9 PROG BRAIN RES JI Prog. Brain Res. PY 2011 VL 190 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53817-8.00009-8 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BCR97 UT WOS:000311226800010 PM 21531250 ER PT S AU Koziel, E Robinson, D AF Koziel, Eric Robinson, David BE Butts, J Shenoi, S TI BOTNETS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF WARFARE SO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION V SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual IFIP Working Group 11 10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection CY MAR 23-25, 2011 CL Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH HO Dartmouth Coll DE National security; cyber warfare; botnets AB The use of botnets for malicious activities has grown significantly in recent years. Criminals leverage the flexibility and anonymity associated with botnets to harvest personal data, generate spam, distribute malware and launch distributed denial-of-service attacks. These same attributes readily translate to applications that can support operations in warfare. In 2007, distributed denial-of-service attacks launched by botnets targeted IT assets belonging to Estonian banks, newspapers and parliament. This paper explores the use of botnets as instruments of warfare. Seven scenarios are used to demonstrate how traditional applications of botnets such as spam, theft of resources and distributed denial-of-service attacks can have implications across the spectrum of warfare. Additionally, the paper discusses the ethical and political concerns associated with the use of botnets by nation states. C1 [Koziel, Eric; Robinson, David] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koziel, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-24863-4 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2011 VL 367 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCA16 UT WOS:000309371100002 ER PT J AU Abadie, WM McMains, KC Weitzel, EK AF Abadie, Wesley M. McMains, Kevin C. Weitzel, Erik Kent TI Irrigation penetration of nasal delivery systems: A cadaver study SO INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sinus surgery; nasal delivery system; irrigant penetration ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SALINE AB Background: To determine the sinus penetration potential of several commercially available irrigation systems in maximally operated sinus cavities; cadaveric study in a tertiary care center. Methods: Seven fresh cadaver heads with brains removed were maximally dissected to include a Draf III frontal sinusotomy, wide maxillary antrostomy, and complete sphenoethmoidectomy. Drill-holes (4mm) were created to allow visualization of the irrigations from within the respective sinus cavity. Seven commercially available irrigation systems were then tested according to manufacturer recommendation, and the data recorded using an ordinal scale for comparison. Results: Among the 3 atomized particle delivery systems tested, the squeeze atomizer took 1.15 attempts, the pump atomizer took 1.85 attempts, and the mechanized atomizer required 30 seconds of continuous application for intrasinus delivery of aerosol (p = 0.009). Penetration with 4 heavy irrigators showed significant variability depending on the sinus cavity being tested. The NeilMed irrigator showed more consistent penetration than any other tested device (p < 0.01). The other systems tested had varying degrees of efficacy, dependent on sinus cavity irrigated. Conclusion: Delivery of irrigant to maximally operated sinus cavities is variable and highly dependent on the method of nasal delivery. Use of these systems should be tailored appropriately for the desired effect. (C) 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC. C1 [Abadie, Wesley M.; Weitzel, Erik Kent] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [McMains, Kevin C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Weitzel, EK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59 SSS-SG020,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM erik.weitzel@yahoo.com OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2042-6976 J9 INT FORUM ALLERGY RH JI Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1002/alr.20002 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 007TS UT WOS:000308911900008 PM 22287307 ER PT S AU Seetharaman, G AF Seetharaman, Guna BE Aluru, S Bandyopadhyay, S Catalyurek, UV Dubhashi, DP Jones, PH Parashar, M Schmidt, B TI Intelligent Autonomous Systems: A Layered Architecture in the Age of Multicore Processing SO CONTEMPORARY COMPUTING SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Contemporary Computing CY AUG 08-10, 2011 CL Jaypee Inst Informat Technol, Noida, INDIA HO Jaypee Inst Informat Technol AB Research in intelligent autonomous systems has historically been constrained by access to scalable high-performance computing. The challenges associated with scalability and tractability have significantly influenced analytical approaches and may have led to analysis in the lower dimensional spaces. Such reductions may overly simplify approaches to model and exploit redundancy in manners that human perception is able to in a bidirectional inferencing process. Evidence indicates that human perception involves different methods of classifying, indexing and associating information according to different spatio-temporal and saliency metrics. Recent surge in high performance computing with multicore processors and wide spread access to large disk-space at finer granularity, have triggered a renewed assessment of existing approaches. A survey of the techniques lead to a compelling need for efficient methods for capturing and exploiting "context" and "context-specific information" to swiftly change the behaviors of intelligent systems. The talk will highlight the evolution of signal processing. linguistic hierarchy, computing models where information fusion is considered, and draw some parallels, to make a case for a layered architecture for context-adaptive autonomous systems. Interactive access to petascale supercomputing has given a newer framework to incorporate context in such studies at scale that is required to perform complex intelligence tasks. The talk will highlight our current research in this direction including our vision of the future of intelligent autonomous systems with embedded high-performance computing with reach back compute power. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Seetharaman, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. EM guna@cacs.louisiana.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-642-22605-2 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2011 VL 168 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK48 UT WOS:000307197100002 ER PT J AU Simons, T Basik, K Leroy, H AF Simons, Tony Basik, Kevin Leroy, Hannes BE Wankel, C StachowiczStanusch, A TI Four Key Steps in Developing Leader Integrity SO MANAGEMENT EDUCATION FOR INTEGRITY: ETHICALLY EDUCATING TOMORROW'S BUSINESS LEADERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLITICAL SKILL; SELF; MINDFULNESS; ORGANIZATIONS; ASSESSMENTS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR AB Purpose - The purpose of this chapter is to describe the function and practical mechanisms that promote behavioral integrity (BI) in individuals and organizations. Specifically, four prescriptive areas of focus are offered to foster positive and sustained change in BI: How to motivate, equip, follow-up, and provide a context for lasting integrity change. Design/methodology/approach - A framework is presented to describe the essential mechanisms for emphasizing and enhancing BI. Recommended techniques are offered for those developing their own or others' integrity. Practical implications - This chapter identifies specific actionable approaches to enhance one of the most fundamental and critical elements in any trust-based relationship: integrity. This chapter provides the "how to'' with regard to strengthening and consistently acting in accordance with one's commitments, values, and promises. Originality/value - Research has consistently demonstrated the measurable impact of BI perceptions on key outcomes. This chapter clarifies the processes, systems, techniques, and other factors that elevate integrity. C1 [Simons, Tony] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Basik, Kevin] USAF Acad, Ctr Character & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Leroy, Hannes] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Simons, T (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78052-068-1 PY 2011 BP 135 EP 154 PG 20 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BAJ66 UT WOS:000304366200007 ER PT J AU Williams, T Hosur, M Theodore, M Netravali, A Rangari, V Jeelani, S AF Williams, T. Hosur, M. Theodore, M. Netravali, A. Rangari, V. Jeelani, S. TI Time Effects on Morphology and Bonding Ability in Mercerized Natural Fibers for Composite Reinforcement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TREATED JUTE FIBERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALKALI TREATMENT; TENSILE PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; GREEN COMPOSITES; RESIN MATRIX; KENAF FIBERS; RICE STRAW AB Properties of cellulose-derived fibers are extremely sensitive to surface treatment. Many studies have investigated the effects of varying surface treatment parameters in natural fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding; however, work is still needed to assist with developing better quality control methods to use these fibers in more load-bearing composites. Kenaf fibers were alkali treated, and the surface and morphology were analyzed to determine how treatment time affected the bonding sites in natural fibers. The mechanical behavior was also characterized, and tensile testing reported a 61% increase in strength and a 25% increase in modulus in fibers treated for 16 hours. The increase in tensile properties was assumed to result from increased intermolecular interaction and increased crystallinity in cellulose, which was supported by XRD. On the other hand, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups needed for fiber-matrix bonding decreased at longer treatment times. C1 [Williams, T.; Hosur, M.; Rangari, V.; Jeelani, S.] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Theodore, M.] UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Theodore, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dyton, OH 45433 USA. [Netravali, A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Fiber Sci & Apparel Design, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hosur, M (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hosur@mytu.tuskegee.edu FU NSF Alabama EPSCoR; ACHE FX The authors would like to thank NSF Alabama EPSCoR and ACHE for funding as well as Chuck Taylor at Kenaf Industries of South Texas for supplying the kenaf fibers. NSF Alabama EPSCoR Grant, Alabama Commission for Higher Education (ACHE). NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9422 J9 INT J POLYM SCI JI Int. J. Polym. Sci. PY 2011 AR 192865 DI 10.1155/2011/192865 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 990LW UT WOS:000307633400006 ER PT S AU Bewick, B O'Laughlin, C Williamson, E AF Bewick, Bryan O'Laughlin, Casey Williamson, Eric BE Cadoni, E DiPrisco, M TI Simplified Methods for Improving the Blast Resistance of Cold-Formed Steel Walls SO PERFORMANCE, PROTECTION AND STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURES UNDER EXTREME LOADING SE Applied Mechanics and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Performance, Protection and Strengthening of Structures Under Extreme Loading CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011 CL Lugano, SWITZERLAND DE steel stud walls; conventional connections; blast resistance; cold-formed steel studs ID SYSTEMS AB In recent years, cold-formed steel stud walls have become an attractive alternative to wood stud walls. Relative to wood, cold-formed steel is highly ductile, sustainable, and unaffected by insects, mold or rot. Research has demonstrated that cold-formed steel stud walls can perform well when subjected to large blast threats, but such performance has depended upon specially designed fasteners that are expensive to manufacture and require experienced workers to install properly. Despite the potential performance of these types of wall systems when specialized fasteners are used, current U.S. Department of Defense design guidelines for conventionally constructed steel stud walls use acceptability criteria that are much more conservative than wood stud walls due to the lack of data available. Thus, the goal of the current research effort is to develop techniques for mitigating large blast threats acting against steel stud walls using conventional construction methods and materials. The research includes controlled laboratory tests that are intended to identify the various failure mechanisms that can occur for different combinations of wall system parameters. Variables considered in the testing program include stud and track section properties, stud-to-track connection details, stud orientation and wall layout, and sheathing system properties. Based on the results obtained from the testing program and supporting analyses, the most promising wall system designs will be identified, and design guidance will be developed. Final designs will be tested under actual blast loads to verify performance and to ensure that wall systems behave as desired. C1 [Bewick, Bryan] USAF, Res Lab, Air Base Technol Div, Engn Mech & Explos Effects Res Grp, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [O'Laughlin, Casey] Jacobs Technol, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Williamson, Eric] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX USA. RP Bewick, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Base Technol Div, Engn Mech & Explos Effects Res Grp, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. EM Bryan.Bewick@tyndall.af.mil; casey.olaughlin.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; ewilliamson@mail.utexas.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-9336 BN 978-3-03785-217-0 J9 APPL MECH MATER PY 2011 VL 82 BP 515 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.82.515 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BBB89 UT WOS:000306394700082 ER PT S AU Kananen, BE Brant, AT Buchanan, DA Murari, MK McClory, JW AF Kananen, B. E. Brant, A. T. Buchanan, D. A. Murari, M. K. McClory, J. W. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Neutron Induced Defects in Silver Doped Lithium Tetraborate SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) ID CRYSTALS; ATOMS AB Neutron-induced defects in silver doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7:Ag) are identified and characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and thermoluminescence (TL). Neutron irradiation induced two unique defects detectable by EPR. Both of these neutron-induced defects are substantially more thermally stable than as-grown crystal defects. Models for the neutron-induced defects are proposed. C1 [Kananen, B. E.; Buchanan, D. A.; McClory, J. W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. [Murari, M. K.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Brant, A. T.] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Kananen, BE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM brant.kananen@jtfcs.northcom.mil; brant.adam@gmail.com; douglas.buchanan@afit.edu; madhavkrishna.murari@uc.edu; john.mcclory@afit.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0804352] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0804352. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755600091 ER PT S AU Singleton, BJ Jones, BS Bickley, AA Petrosky, JC McClory, JW Kowash, BR AF Singleton, Briana J. Jones, Bradley S. Bickley, Abigail A. Petrosky, James C. McClory, John W. Kowash, Benjamin R. GP IEEE TI Radiation Effects on YAG:Ce Scintillating Fiber SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) ID CRYSTALS; LYSO AB The performance of thin, cerium activated, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce), scintillating fiber-shaped crystals were investigated following ion irradiation. The optical behavior of the YAG: Ce fibers was simulated using DETECT2000, a Monte Carlo based software program designed to model the optical properties of scintillators. The fibers were exposed to a focused beam of 0.5 and 1 MeV electrons. Fiber light output and color shift were analyzed following irradiation. C1 [Singleton, Briana J.; Jones, Bradley S.; Bickley, Abigail A.; Petrosky, James C.; McClory, John W.; Kowash, Benjamin R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singleton, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM briana.singleton@afit.edu; bradjones@kirtland.af.mil; abigail.bickley@afit.edu; james.petrosky@afit.edu; john.mcclory@afit.edu; benjamin.kowash@afit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 1935 EP 1940 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755602033 ER PT S AU Bickley, AA Demaree, GK McClory, JW Miller, WH Oakes, TM Petrosky, JC AF Bickley, Abigail A. Demaree, Grant K. McClory, John W. Miller, William H. Oakes, Thomas M. Petrosky, James C. GP IEEE TI Design Optimization of a Layered Boron Based Solid State Neutron Spectrometer SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) AB The high thermal neutron capture cross section of boron provides a unique opportunity for the construction of solid state neutron detectors with application to the identification of nuclear fuels and non-proliferation activities. The ionization resulting from the neutron capture products, B-10+n -> Li-7+alpha, is deposited within a short range of the initial interaction, thus allowing the location of the capture event to be determined. Construction of a system consisting of alternating layers of thin sensitive detector and moderating materials in a geometrically regular shape that allows coordinate dependence of neutron thermalization to be determined results in a novel solid state neutron spectrometer. A GEANT4 model has been developed to study neutron thermalization as a function of detector geometry, neutron moderation materials, and radial sensitivity. The simulation results indicate that a unique relationship exists between the incident neutron energy and the statistical pattern of energy deposition. This allows the geometrical configuration and moderator identity to be tuned to match the neutron energy spectrum of interest. The detector response is found empirically to match the shape of the Fisher statistic distribution allowing the incident neutron spectrum to be extracted without unfolding. Furthermore, the pattern of energy deposition is strongly dependent on the direction of incidence of the neutrons. Ultimately, this instrument can be used to spectroscopically differentiate localized neutron sources from a cosmic background. C1 [Bickley, Abigail A.; McClory, John W.; Petrosky, James C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demaree, Grant K.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Miller, William H.; Oakes, Thomas M.] Univ Missouri, NUclear Sci & Engn Inst, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. RP Bickley, AA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM abigail.bickley@afit.edu; grant.demaree@usma.edu; john.mcclory@afit.edu; millerw@missouri.edu; tmo6w3@mail.missouri.edu; james.petrosky@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 4872 EP 4876 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755605021 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Guss, P Maurer, R AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Guss, Paul Maurer, Richard BE Grim, GP Schirato, RC TI Current Trends in Gamma Radiation Detection for Radiological Emergency Response SO PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications XII CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Passive and active detection; gamma-rays; detectors; scintillators; semiconductors; data fusion ID LANTHANUM BROMIDE; SCINTILLATORS AB Passive and active detection of gamma rays from shielded radioactive materials, including special nuclear materials, is an important task for any radiological emergency response organization. This article reports on the current trends and status of gamma radiation detection objectives and measurement techniques as applied to nonproliferation and radiological emergencies. In recent years, since the establishment of the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office by the Department of Homeland Security, a tremendous amount of progress has been made in detection materials (scintillators, semiconductors), imaging techniques (Compton imaging, use of active masking and hybrid imaging), data acquisition systems with digital signal processing, field programmable gate arrays and embedded isotopic analysis software (viz. gamma detector response and analysis software [GADRAS](1)), fast template matching, and data fusion (merging radiological data with geo-referenced maps, digital imagery to provide better situational awareness). In this stride to progress, a significant amount of interdisciplinary research and development has taken place-techniques and spin-offs from medical science (such as x-ray radiography and tomography), materials engineering (systematic planned studies on scintillators to optimize several qualities of a good scintillator, nanoparticle applications, quantum dots, and photonic crystals, just to name a few). No trend analysis of radiation detection systems would be complete without mentioning the unprecedented strategic position taken by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to deter, detect, and interdict illicit trafficking in nuclear and other radioactive materials across international borders and through the global maritime transportation-the so-called second line of defense. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy; Maurer, Richard] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews Operat, 1783 Arnold Ave, Andrews Afb, MD 20762 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8754-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8144 AR 81440K DI 10.1117/12.891963 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBA28 UT WOS:000306289600015 ER PT B AU Szabat, KA O'Connor, A Tavana, M AF Szabat, Kathryn A. O'Connor, Aidan Tavana, Madjid BA Tavana, M BF Tavana, M TI Managing Adaptability, Intervention, and People in Enterprise Information Systems Preface SO MANAGING ADAPTABILITY, INTERVENTION, AND PEOPLE IN ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Szabat, Kathryn A.; Tavana, Madjid] La Salle Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [O'Connor, Aidan] Ecole Super Commerce & Management, Paris, France. [Tavana, Madjid] Management Informat Syst & Decis Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Tavana, Madjid] La Salle Univ, Ctr Technol & Management, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Tavana, Madjid] Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tavana, Madjid] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Szabat, KA (reprint author), La Salle Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IGI GLOBAL PI HERSEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSEY, PA 17033-1240 USA BN 978-1-60960-530-8; 978-1-60960-529-2 PY 2011 BP XII EP + D2 10.4018/978-1-60960-529-2 PG 39 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BZV42 UT WOS:000303059500001 ER PT J AU Owens, JR AF Owens, J. R. BE Pan, N Sun, G TI Key elements of protection for military textiles SO FUNCTIONAL TEXTILES FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, PROTECTION AND HEALTH SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE protection; chemical warfare agent; ballistic; aerosol; adsorbent; camouflage AB This chapter discusses the currently recognized critical elements of protection for military personnel. A brief discussion of the history, the current state of the art and expectations for the future for each aspect of protection are given. Aspects of protection considered are limited to threats from human adversaries and include camouflage, ballistic protection and protection from toxic vapors, aerosols and liquids. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. RP Owens, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. EM Jeffery.owens@tyndall.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-287-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER TE PY 2011 IS 120 BP 249 EP 268 D2 10.1533/9780857092878 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BYQ00 UT WOS:000299707700012 ER PT B AU Yu, KCY Nettar, KD Maas, CS AF Yu, Kenneth C. Y. Nettar, Kartik D. Maas, Corey S. BE Massry, GG Murphy, MR Azizzadeh, B TI Neuromodulators and Fillers for Periorbital Rejuvenation SO MASTER TECHNIQUES IN BLEPHAROPLASTY AND PERIORBITAL REJUVENATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYPERKINETIC FACIAL LINES; BOTULINUM-TOXIN-A; EXOTOXIN C1 [Nettar, Kartik D.; Maas, Corey S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Maas Clin, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Yu, Kenneth C. Y.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Maas, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Maas Clin, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM drmaas@maasclinic.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4614-0066-0 PY 2011 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0067-7_25 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0067-7 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BYK86 UT WOS:000299181500025 ER PT B AU Haker, ME Raquet, JF AF Haker, Marshall E. Raquet, John F. GP ION TI Estimating Multipath in GNSS Signals Through a Novel Stochastic Search and Decomposition Algorithm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB This paper provides an in-depth explanation and initial results for a novel algorithm designed to obtain estimates for direct and indirect rays present in received GNSS data. This algorithm is referred to as the Signal Decomposition and Parameterization Algorithm (SDPA). The SDPA generates a much more comprehensive signal model than is obtainable from other multipath estimation methods. The SDPA exploits differences in times of arrival and Doppler frequency values between multipath rays to differentiate and parameterize individual rays. A global stochastic search and optimization method, such as simulated annealing, is used to obtain precise estimates for key parameters used to describe individual rays. Results obtained through simulation that indicate the estimation accuracy of the SDPA are presented. C1 [Haker, Marshall E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Haker, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2011 BP 1162 EP 1172 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAF73 UT WOS:000304032001021 ER PT J AU Trunzo, A Benshoof, P Amt, J AF Trunzo, Angelo Benshoof, Paul Amt, John GP ION TI The UHARS Non-GPS Based Positioning System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB The Ultra High Accuracy Reference System (UHARS) is the 746th Test Squadron's next generation reference system, currently under development to meet teat and evaluation reference requirements for future navigation and guidance systems. Consisting of a rack mounted, tightly integrated system of navigation sensors/subsystems, data acquisition system, and a post-mission reference trajectory algorithm, UHARS will provide a highly accurate reference solution for airborne and land-based test vehicles in electronic warfare environments where modernized and legacy GPS signals are jammed from friendly or hostile systems. The system will be appropriately sized and constructed for use on-board multiple test-beds including current and future test aircraft and ground vehicles. Achieving these accurate reference solutions requires a Non-GPS Based Positioning System (NGBPS) subsystem capable of providing sub-meter position accuracy in a GPS-denied (Jamming) environment. To this end, UHARS plans to employ a network of ground transceivers and test vehicle rover receivers, manufactured by the Locata Corporation. However, meeting UHARS accuracy requirements necessitates a major upgrade of Locata's existing, commercial capability. Therefore, the 746th Test Squadron awarded Locata a contract to re-design and demonstrate a system delivering longer ranges (both for acquisition and tracking), higher power transmission levels, new antenna designs for aircraft use, and higher aircraft dynamics than previously envisaged. The contrac effort to develop these enhanced capabilities for the 746th Test Squadron is currently underway. This presentation details UHARS development efforts and technical challenges, focusing on the improvements to and validation of Locata Corporation's NGBPS. C1 [Trunzo, Angelo; Benshoof, Paul] 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Trunzo, A (reprint author), 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2011 BP 3582 EP 3586 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAF73 UT WOS:000304032003062 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Pachter, M Jacques, D AF Choi, Youngdong Pachter, Meir Jacques, David GP IEEE TI Optimal Relay UAV Guidance-A New Differential Game SO 2011 50TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL AND EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC-ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Conference of Decision and Control (CDC)/European Control Conference (ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Honeywell, MathWorks, United Technol Res Ctr, HYCON2, IEEE, Contrl Syst Soc (CSS), EUCA AB A new differential game which admits a "closed form" solution is analyzed. In this paper guidance laws are developed to optimally position a relay Micro-UAV (MAV) to provide an operator at the base with real-time Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) by relaying communication and video signals when the rover MAV performing the ISR mission is out of radio contact range with the base. The ISR system is comprised of two MAVs, the Relay and the Rover, and a Base. The Relay strives to minimize the radio frequency (RF) power required for maintaining communications, while the Rover performs the ISR mission, which may maximize the required RF power. The optimal control of the Relay MAV entails the solution of a differential game. C1 [Choi, Youngdong; Pachter, Meir; Jacques, David] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ychoi@afit.edu; meir.pachter@afit.edu; david.jacques@afit.edu NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-801-3 PY 2011 BP 1024 EP 1029 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BAA55 UT WOS:000303506201100 ER PT J AU Chakravarthy, A Evans, KA Evers, J Kuhn, LM AF Chakravarthy, Animesh Evans, Katie A. Evers, Johnny Kuhn, Lisa M. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Controllers for Wing Morphing Trajectories of a Heave Dynamics Model SO 2011 50TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL AND EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC-ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Conference of Decision and Control (CDC)/European Control Conference (ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Honeywell, MathWorks, United Technol Res Ctr, HYCON2, IEEE, Contrl Syst Soc (CSS), EUCA ID FLIGHT AB A multiple component structure consisting of two Euler-Bernoulli beams connected to a rigid mass is used to model the heave dynamics of an aeroelastic wing micro air vehicle that is acted upon by a nonlinear aerodynamic lift force. In this work we consider two different strategies for designing nonlinear controllers that achieve specified wing morphing trajectories, namely (a) linearization followed by linear quadratic tracking and (b) a feedback linearization inner loop with sliding mode outer loop. We seek to analyze the relative performance of the two controllers as we note the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. C1 [Chakravarthy, Animesh] Wichita State Univ, Fac Aerosp Engn & Elect Engn, 1845 N Fairmount, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Evans, Katie A.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Fac Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Evers, Johnny] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kuhn, Lisa M.] Southeastern Louisiana Univ, Fac Math, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. RP Chakravarthy, A (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Fac Aerosp Engn & Elect Engn, 1845 N Fairmount, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM animesh.chakravarthy@wichita.edu; kevans@latech.edu; johnny.evers@eglin.af.mil; lisa.kuhn@selu.edu FU NSF EPSCoR through the Louisiana Board of Regents [NSF(2010)-PFUND-201]; the US Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8651-08-D-0108] FX This work was supported by NSF EPSCoR through the Louisiana Board of Regents under Contract Number NSF(2010)-PFUND-201, the US Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, and the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Number FA8651-08-D-0108 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-801-3 PY 2011 BP 2788 EP 2793 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BAA55 UT WOS:000303506203064 ER PT S AU Bordner, RE Wiesel, WE AF Bordner, Ralph E., III Wiesel, William E. BE Jah, MK Guo, YP Bowes, AL Lai, PC TI SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION OF ORBITAL TORI SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2011, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP AAS, AIAA ID STELLAR DYNAMICS AB The assertion that earth orbiting satellites under the influence of the geopotential are Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) tori is the underlying premise of this work. Trajectory following spectral methods were applied to decompose orbits into multi-periodic Fourier series, effectively compressing ephemerides for long-term use. The proposed approach focused on fitting local spectral structures, denoted as frequency clusters, within the orbital data as opposed to fitting every Fourier series coefficient simultaneously, which is significantly more numerically efficient. With integrated data, maximum error in the fits were as low as a few meters per coordinate axis over a 1 year period. C1 [Bordner, Ralph E., III] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bordner, RE (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-569-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2011 VL 140 BP 737 EP 756 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAC15 UT WOS:000303779600045 ER PT S AU Iramnaaz, I Xing, Y Xue, K Zhuang, Y Fitch, R AF Iramnaaz, I. Xing, Y. Xue, K. Zhuang, Y. Fitch, R. GP IEEE TI Graphene based RF/microwave impedance sensing of DNA SO 2011 IEEE 61ST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 61st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2011 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) ID GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; BIOSENSOR; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSCALE; PROTEINS; PLATFORM AB The dynamic processes occurring in microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic organisms play key roles in device sensing and can be effectively monitored by impedance characterization. Graphene and its derivatives have attracted much attention for potential applications in biological sensing systems because of their unique 2D structural, surface and electronic properties. In this work, on-chip integrated impedance bio-sensors are demonstrated using coplanar waveguides (CPWs) as the sensing platform. Absorption of Chitoson and DNA on graphene /graphene derivatives leads to remarkable red-shift of the resonant frequencies. Substrate complex permittivity is extracted from momentum simulations. The imaginary part of the permittivity indicates significant leakage currents in the graphene/graphene derivatives, Chitoson, and DNA. C1 [Iramnaaz, I.; Xing, Y.; Xue, K.; Zhuang, Y.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Fitch, R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iramnaaz, I (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU Wright Patterson Air Force Research Lab; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR ) [DURIP FA9550-09-1-0460, AFRL- FA8650-09-1649] FX Y. Zhuang and Y. Xing would like to acknowledge financial support from the Wright Patterson Air Force Research Lab and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR DURIP FA9550-09-1-0460, AFRL- FA8650-09-1649). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-61284-498-5 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2011 BP 1030 EP 1034 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BZP73 UT WOS:000302341400154 ER PT S AU Williams, CS Duan, XFF Petrosky, JC Burggraf, LW AF Williams, Christopher S. Duan, Xiaofeng F. Petrosky, James C. Burggraf, Larry W. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Oxygen-Atom Defects In 6H Silicon Carbide Implanted Using 24-MeV O3+ Ions Measured Using Three-Dimensional Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy System (3DPASS) SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos Natl Lab, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE ion implantation; positron annihilation; ACAR; DBAR; oxygen defects AB Three dimensional electron-positron (e(-)-e(+)) momentum distributions were measured for single crystal 6H silicon carbide (SiC); both virgin and having implanted oxygen-atom defects. 6H SiC samples were irradiated by 24-MeV O3(+) ions at 20 particle-nanoamps at the Sandia National Laboratory's Ion Beam Facility. O3+ ions were implanted 10.8 mu m deep normal to the (0001) face of one side of the SiC samples. During positron annihilation measurements, the opposite face of the 254.0-mu m thick SiC samples was exposed to positrons from a Na-22 source. This technique reduced the influence on the momentum measurements of vacancy-type defects resulting from knock-on damage by the O3+ ions. A three-dimensional positron annihilation spectroscopy system (3DPASS) was used to measure e(-)-e(+) momentum distributions for virgin and irradiated 6H SiC crystal both before and following annealing. 3DPASS simultaneously measures coincident Doppler-broadening (DBAR) and angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) spectra. DBAR ratio plots and 2D ACAR spectra are presented. Changes in the momentum anisotropies relative to crystal orientation observed in 2D ACAR spectra for annealed O-implanted SiC agree with the local structure of defect distortion predicted using Surface Integrated Molecular Orbital/Molecular Mechanics (SIMOMM). Oxygen atoms insert between Si and C atoms increasing their separation by 0.9 angstrom forming a Si-O-C bond angle of similar to 150 degrees. C1 [Williams, Christopher S.; Petrosky, James C.; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Xiaofeng F.] DSRC, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, CS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 458 EP 462 DI 10.1063/1.3586141 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900095 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Bunker, DJ AF Borel, Christoph C. Bunker, David J. BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A Richter, K TI Multispectral vegetative canopy parameter retrieval SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XIII/18th International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 19-21, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE Vegetation health; leaf and canopy chemistry; vegetation modeling; multi-spectral ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SIMULATION; PROSPECT; SPECTRA AB Precision agriculture, forestry and environmental remote sensing are applications uniquely suited to the 8 bands that DigitalGlobe's WorldView-2 provides. At the fine spatial resolution of 0.5 m (panchromatic) and 2 m (multispectral) individual trees can be readily resolved. Recent research [1] has shown that it is possible for hyper-spectral data to invert plant reflectance spectra and estimate nitrogen content, leaf water content, leaf structure, canopy leaf area index and, for sparse canopies, also soil reflectance. The retrieval is based on inverting the SAIL (Scattering by Arbitrary Inclined Leaves) vegetation radiative transfer model for the canopy structure and the reflectance model PROSPECT4/5 for the leaf reflectance. Working on the paper [1] confirmed that a limited number of adjacent bands covering just the visible and near infrared can retrieve the parameters as well, opening up the possibility that this method can be used to analyze multi-spectral WV-2 data. Thus it seems possible to create WV-2 specific inversions using 8 bands and apply them to imagery of various vegetation covered surfaces of agricultural and environmental interest. The capability of retrieving leaf water content and nitrogen content has important applications in determining the health of vegetation, e. g. plant growth status, disease mapping, quantitative drought assessment, nitrogen deficiency, plant vigor, yield, etc. C1 [Borel, Christoph C.; Bunker, David J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cborel@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-801-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8174 AR 81740T DI 10.1117/12.898491 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BZS28 UT WOS:000302735700029 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Elhamri, S AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Szmulowicz, F. Elhamri, S. BE Khodaparast, GA Santos, MB Stanton, CJ TI Design Effects on the Material Properties of InAs/GaSb Superlattices SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SYSTEMS (NGS15) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Narrow Gap Systems (NGS) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Campus Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA SP Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys, Virginia Tech, Advance VT, Coll Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Virginia Tech, Off Vice President Res, Virginia Tech, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci (ICTAS), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Engn, BAE Syst, Coherent Inc, Oxford Instruments, Janis Res, Wiley, Cryo Industries, Nikon Instruments, STAIB Instruments, Pearson Educ, Amer Elements HO Campus Virginia Tech DE Superlattices; Antimonides; Infrared detectors AB InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) materials are of great interest for infrared (IR) detection applications. There is tremendous design flexibility in these superlattices but every design change has an impact on the epitaxial growth conditions for optimized performance. In here, we discuss how a simple design change of InAs width affects the material properties. As the InAs layer thickness increases from 9 monolayers (MLs) to 16 MLs for a fixed GaSb layer thickness of 7 MLs, the spectral intensity measured by photoconductivity decreases by two orders of magnitude, while the calculated absorption strength decreases by less than a factor of two. Since the measured transport properties of mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) SLs were very different-majority carriers in MWIR (LWIR) SLs were holes (electrons)-the large decrease in the photoresponse is due to changes in extrinsic material factors that affect these charge carrier properties. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Szmulowicz, F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0993-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1416 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1063/1.3671721 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BZC63 UT WOS:000301110800037 ER PT S AU Paduano, QS Drehman, AJ Weyburne, DW AF Paduano, Qing S. Drehman, Alvin J. Weyburne, David W. BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI Effect of basal-plane stacking faults on the Bragg peak broadening in m-plane GaN SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE nitrides; X-ray diffraction; Bragg peak broadening; stacking faults ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FILMS AB The effect of basal-plane stacking faults on the Bragg peak broadening in m-plane GaN is studied using X-ray diffraction omega-scans and omega/2 theta-scans. The analysis considers the coexistence of multiple broadening contributions including tilt, twist, limited coherence length, and microstrain. Although the effects of basal-plane stacking faults are detectable in the different configurations used in this study, we show that the omega-scans in the asymmetric geometry are better suited for quantifying basal-plane stacking fault-related broadening, since the broadening due to twist does not affect the omega-scan profiles in such diffraction geometries. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Paduano, Qing S.; Drehman, Alvin J.; Weyburne, David W.] USAF, Res Lab, Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr Hanscom, Afb, MA 01731 USA. EM qing.sun-paduano@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201001140 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500077 ER PT S AU Swider, S Suscavage, M Wang, BG Lynch, C Bliss, D AF Swider, Stacy Suscavage, Michael Wang, Buguo Lynch, Candace Bliss, David BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI Preparation and selective etch of ammonothermal GaN wafers for defect evaluation SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE GaN; ammonothermal; non-polar; polishing; etching; dislocation density ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; EPITAXIAL GAN; CRYSTALS; BULK AB Growth of bulk gallium nitride by the ammonothermal method results in thick, faceted specimens presenting polar and non-polar surfaces. In order to investigate defect density, samples need to be cut, polished, and etched. The polishing method must remove surface damage or etch tests will be inaccurate. We examined the efficacy of different polishing and etching methods on the c, a, and m planes. Polishing methods included fixed-grit and chemo-mechanical solutions; results were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three etchants were tried: 85% hot phosphoric acid, hot KOH-NaOH eutectic, and photo-enhanced chemical (PEC) etching. The eutectic etch resulted in repeatable counts on the gallium face. The non-polar planes did not reveal etch pits. [GRAPHICS] (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Swider, Stacy; Wang, Buguo] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Suscavage, Michael; Lynch, Candace; Bliss, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Swider, S (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM swider@alum.mit.edu FU AFOSR FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Kitt Reinhardt, who funded this work through AFOSR. We also thank Dr. Qing Sun-Paduano for her helpful advice. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201000962 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500033 ER PT S AU Wang, BG Weyburne, D Sun-Paduano, Q Swider, S Suscavage, M Bliss, D AF Wang, Buguo Weyburne, David Sun-Paduano, Qing Swider, Stacy Suscavage, Michael Bliss, David BA Wetzel, C Khan, A BF Wetzel, C Khan, A TI Structural and optical properties of GaN crystals grown by the ammonothermal technique SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 7-8 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN)/Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium N/Symposium H CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Tampa, FL SP European Mat Res Soc (EMRS) DE GaN; ammonothermal; crystal growth; characterization AB High quality GaN crystals grown by the ammonothermal method are reported. The grown crystals possess excellent structural and optical properties. As confirmed by X-ray diffractions, the crystals have very low overall Bragg peak broadening and particularly low twist variance. X-ray rocking curves indicate the ammonothermal growth is replicating or improving from the seed crystal, with as low as 65 arc-sec FWHM on (002) when using a 1x3 mm(2) unslitted X-ray spot size. Room temperature PL indicates the material has almost no yellow-band emission although the yellow emission peak increased after annealing of the sample at 900 degrees C. The availability of yellow-band free ammonothermal wafers offers a unique opportunity to study the origin of the yellow-band emission in GaN. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Wang, Buguo; Swider, Stacy] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Weyburne, David; Sun-Paduano, Qing; Suscavage, Michael; Bliss, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com FU AFOSR FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Kitt Reinhardt, who funded this work through AFOSR. We also thank Mr. Joe Lorenzo for his support during this research. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7-8 DI 10.1002/pssc.201001055 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZG94 UT WOS:000301581500037 ER PT S AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Bemish, R Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Bemish, Raymond Viggiano, Albert A. BE Guberman, SL Orel, AE TI A new technique to study plasma chemistry kinetics SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION: THEORY, EXPERIMENTS AND APPLICATIONS (DR2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Dissociative Recombination CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Lake Tahoe, CA ID ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; APPARATUS AB Accurate kinetics of plasma processes are necessary for modeling of the chemistry occurring in the upper atmosphere, re-entry, combustion, and discharges. While a great deal of data exists in the literature for most types of plasma chemistry processes, there remain gaps for reactions less amenable to traditional measurements. In particular ion-ion mutual neutralization reactions have received relatively little study, and essentially no detailed product branching fractions are known. Similarly, while hundreds of electron attachment rate constants to stable species have been reported, only a handful of measurements of electron attachment rate constants to unstable radical species exist in the literature. We report several measurements involving these classes of reactions using a novel flowing afterglow technique: Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry (VENDAMS). The technique takes advantage of these processes occurring as secondary and tertiary chemistry in high density plasmas, and uses excess electrons as chemical ionization agents to monitor neutral product concentrations. Systems starting with a variety of neutrals have been studied over a temperature range of 300 to 550 K. We report several novel measurements including: the first temperature dependences of electron attachment rate constants to radical species; the first complete neutral product distributions of ion-ion mutual neutralization reactions along with the associated temperature dependences; evidence of a novel plasma chemistry process (A(+) + B- + e(-)-> neutrals + e(-)), which we term electron catalyzed mutual neutralization. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Bemish, Raymond; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil RI Bemish, Raymond/I-3340-2012; Bemish, Raymond/B-7929-2013 OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 300 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/300/1/012007 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BZJ98 UT WOS:000301801700007 ER PT J AU Lynch, A Batchelor, RG Kiel, B Miller, J Gord, J Reeder, M AF Lynch, Amy Batchelor, Ryan G. Kiel, Barry Miller, Joseph Gord, James Reeder, Mark TI SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRESSURE-SWIRL FUEL INJECTOR SUBJECTED TO A CROSSFLOW AND A COFLOW SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE fuel; injector; crossflow; phase Doppler anemometry; propulsion ID ATOMIZATION; BREAKUP; JETS AB An analysis of fuel spray was conducted using flow visualization and phase Doppler particle anemometry (PDPA) in an experimental facility housed at the Propulsion Directorate of the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). In order to model typical real-world aircraft engine conditions, this test facility was equipped with a pressure-swirl injector in combination with heated crossflow air normal to the fuel (JP-8) injection and, optionally, with coflow air parallel to the primary direction of fuel injection. Results are presented for fixed fuel rate (Reynolds number for the liquid flow of 9200 and a liquid jet Weber number of 7100) and varied crossflow velocity for four momentum flux ratios. Flow visualization and coherent structure velocimetry clearly demonstrated how the crossflow reoriented the conical spray pattern and led to large spatial variation in the measured Sauter mean diameter. At locations downstream of the injector, the PDPA data demonstrated that the vertical component of velocity was relatively low for small droplets and high for large drop sizes. This bimodal behavior may be rationalized by considering the initial propagation direction of the spray, the residence time of the fuel droplets, and the shear of the surrounding flow field. The addition of a coflow stream of air to the system led to significant reductions in Sauter mean diameter of the droplets in the region of the spray cone downstream of the fuel injector. The coflow also tended to disrupt the bimodality of the drop size distribution. C1 [Batchelor, Ryan G.; Reeder, Mark] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lynch, Amy; Kiel, Barry; Miller, Joseph; Gord, James] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate RZTC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Reeder, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.reeder@afit.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 625 EP 643 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 914XT UT WOS:000301987700001 ER PT S AU Schweitzer, D Teel, S AF Schweitzer, Dino Teel, Scott GP IEEE TI SHERPA: a Mobile Application for Students and Educators in the Classroom SO 2011 FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE) SE Frontiers in Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) CY OCT 12-15, 2011 CL Rapid City, SD SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ (ASEE), Educl Res Methods (ERM), Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol DE Educational technology; Instructor productivity tool; Mobile computing AB Mobile computing is becoming ubiquitous across many areas including education. Many of the education-based applications are targeted toward the student as the end-user and trying to create a more effective educational environment using mobile technology. At our institution, we are investigating such applications, but wanted to look at tools focusing on the educator as well as the student. In this regard, we have developed and are testing a mobile productivity tool, SHERPA, for use by both the student and the instructor in the classroom. It is designed to assist the instructor in a number of administrative classroom activities and facilitate instructor-to-instructor communication. Student functionality includes the ability to interact with the instructor and other students, arrange collaborative meetings, and provide feedback on lectures. SHERPA is designed with a cloud computing architecture and attempts to leverage information sharing between instructors with common students. SHERPA was initially developed and tested in Fall semester 2010 with more extensive evaluation in the Spring 2011 semester. User feedback is very positive. This paper will describe SHERPA's functionality and design, its use in the classroom, instructor experience and feedback on the tool, and future plans. C1 [Schweitzer, Dino] USAF Acad, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Teel, Scott] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schweitzer, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dino.schweitzer@usafa.edu; scott.teel@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 978-1-61284-469-5 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 2011 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BYZ96 UT WOS:000300879800038 ER PT J AU Chen, HC Kung, HT Vlah, D Hague, D Muccio, M Poland, B AF Chen, Hsieh-Chung Kung, H. T. Vlah, Dario Hague, Daniel Muccio, Michael Poland, Brendon GP IEEE TI Collaborative Compressive Spectrum Sensing in a UAV Environment SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Spectrum sensing is of fundamental importance to many wireless applications including cognitive radio channel assignment and radiolocation. However, conventional spectrum sensing can be prohibitively expensive in computation and network bandwidth when the bands under scanning are wide and highly contested. In this paper we propose distributed spectrum sensing with multiple sensing nodes in a UAV environment. The ground nodes in our scheme sense the spectrum in parallel using compressive sensing. Each sensor node transmits compressive measurements to a nearby UAV in the air. The UAV performs decoding on the received measurements; it decodes information with increasing resolution as it receives more measurements. Furthermore, by a property of compressive sensing decoding, frequencies of large magnitude responses are recovered first. In the proposed scheme, as soon as the UAV detects the presence of such high-power frequencies from a sensor, this information is used to aid decoding for other sensors. We argue that such collaboration enabled by UAV will greatly enhance the decoding accuracy of compressive sensing. We use packet-loss traces acquired in UAV flight experiments in the field, as well as field experiments involving software-defined radios, to validate the effectiveness of this distributed compressive sensing approach. C1 [Chen, Hsieh-Chung; Kung, H. T.; Vlah, Dario] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hague, Daniel; Muccio, Michael; Poland, Brendon] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, HC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-10-2-0180] FX This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8750-10-2-0180. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD/ASD(R&E)/RD/IS&CS) for their guidance and support of this research. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500026 ER PT J AU Abdelhakim, M Lightfoot, LE Li, TT AF Abdelhakim, Mai Lightfoot, Leonard E. Li, Tongtong GP IEEE TI Reliable Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks under Byzantine Attacks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Byzantine attacks; data fusion; wireless sensor networks AB In this paper, Byzantine attacks in wireless sensor networks with mobile access (SENMA) points is considered, where a portion of the active sensors are compromised to send false information. One effective method to combat with Byzantine attacks is the q-out-of-m scheme, where the sensing decision is based on q sensing reports out of m polled nodes. In this paper, first, by exploiting the approximately linear relationship between the scheme parameters and the network size, we propose a simplified q-out-of-m scheme which can greatly reduce the computational complexity, and at the same time keeping good performance. We show that for a fixed percentage of malicious sensors, the detection accuracy of the simplified q-out-of-m scheme increases almost exponentially as the network size increases. Second, we propose a simple but effective method to detect the malicious sensors before decision making. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated under both static and dynamic attacking strategies. It is observed that with the pre-detection procedure, the performance of the q-out-of-m scheme can be improved significantly under various attacking strategies. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. C1 [Abdelhakim, Mai; Li, Tongtong] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lightfoot, Leonard E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abdelhakim, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI abdelhakim, Mai/0000-0001-8442-0974 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 810 EP 815 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500137 ER PT J AU Wolberg, M Chadha, R Chiang, CJ Kurachik, K Pang, M Hadynski, G AF Wolberg, Michelle Chadha, Ritu Chiang, C. Jason Kurachik, Kathleen Pang, Marcus Hadynski, Gregory GP IEEE TI Using an Adaptive Management Plane for Policy-based Network Management Traffic in MANETs SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE network operations; MANET; policy-based management; network management; information dissemination AB Network management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is a challenging management problem given the intermittent connectivity of the nodes and the low bandwidth constraints associated with these networks. Further, MANET management mandates a distributed management paradigm, which gives rise to specific information dissemination challenges. In order to manage these networks, the Network Management System (NMS) needs to send critical network management alerts and data to network operation centers (NOCs) and the NOCs need to send changes to policies and configuration files to the distributed nodes. The need to keep the overhead of management traffic to a minimum and yet reliably deliver this data is a requirement for any NMS in this environment. This paper examines these challenges and proposes an Adaptive Management Plane approach that overcomes these challenges. This approach provides support for Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), allowing messages to reach intermittently connected nodes. It also provides a service to deliver management data to the remote nodes according to the information dissemination requirements that regulate the expiration, revision and confirmation of the data. In addition, the approach provides support for above Multi-Topology Routing (MTR), allowing the NMS to deliver data of different priorities over multiple networks that exhibit different traffic delivery characteristics. This solution is described in terms of an implementation in the Dynamic Re-Addressing and Management for the Army (DRAMA) policy-based network management system. C1 [Wolberg, Michelle; Chadha, Ritu; Chiang, C. Jason; Kurachik, Kathleen; Pang, Marcus] Telcordia Technol Inc, Adv Technol Solut, New York, NY USA. [Hadynski, Gregory] AFRL RIGC, Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY, NEW YORK. RP Wolberg, M (reprint author), Telcordia Technol Inc, Adv Technol Solut, New York, NY USA. FU USAF [W15P7T-08-C-P213] FX This material is based upon work supported by USAF under contract number W15P7T-08-C-P213. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAF or the US Government. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1133 EP 1138 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500190 ER PT J AU Gao, KK Ding, L Melodia, T Batalama, SN Pados, DA Matyjas, JD AF Gao, Kanke Ding, Lei Melodia, Tommaso Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Spread-spectrum Cognitive Networking: Distributed Channelization and Routing SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Cognitive radio networks; routing; power allocation; code-channel allocation; cross-layer design ID AD-HOC NETWORKS; RADIO NETWORKS; ALLOCATION; ACCESS AB We study a framework that captures the interdependencies between spreading channelization and routing for a secondary multi-hop cognitive radio network that operates cognitively to coexist with primary users. We consider interactions between dynamic routing and code-division channelization functionalities for cognitive radio networks. With this respect, we study the effect of joint routing, spreading code and power allocation on the network throughput. A solution for joint routing and spread-spectrum channelization is proposed as a localized approximation of the throughput-maximizing problem. Specifically, power and spreading code are allocated to guarantee the quality of service of the on-going primary and secondary transmissions, while the routing algorithm dynamically selects relays based on the network traffic dynamics and on the achievable data rates on different secondary links. C1 [Gao, Kanke; Ding, Lei; Melodia, Tommaso; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, RIGF, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Gao, KK (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kgao@buffalo.edu; leiding@buffalo.edu; tmelodia@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1250 EP 1255 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500209 ER PT J AU Suri, N Pochet, L Sterling, J Kohler, R Casini, E Kovach, J Winkler, R Budulas, P AF Suri, Niranjan Pochet, Louis Sterling, Josh Kohler, Ralph Casini, Enrico Kovach, Jesse Winkler, Robert Budulas, Peter GP IEEE TI Infrastructure, Middleware, and Applications for Portable Cellular Devices in Tactical Edge Networks SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE cellular networks; cellular mobile devices; smartphones; Android; tactical applications; middleware ID ENVIRONMENTS OBSERVATIONS; EXPERIENCES AB The tactical environment requires lightweight devices that are still sufficiently powerful to run a variety of applications to support dismounted soldiers. In the commercial market, competition and demand have driven the mobile phone platform to become a highly capable, programmable environment with devices that have excellent processing, storage, and display capabilities given their cost and size. The Android platform from Google has further increased access to these devices by providing an open source platform that can be programmed in Java and C++. This paper describes a set of middleware services designed to support tactical applications on Android devices, as well as improve communications capabilities from cellular devices. We also describe a candidate set of Android applications to support Tactical users. C1 [Suri, Niranjan; Casini, Enrico] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Pochet, Louis] GMECI, LLC, Dayton, OH USA. [Sterling, Josh; Kohler, Ralph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Arlington, VA USA. [Kovach, Jesse; Winkler, Robert; Budulas, Peter] US Army, Res Lab, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Suri, N (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. FU IHMC; GMECI in collaboration with the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); US Army Research Laboratory (ARL); AFRL [FA8750-11-2-0095]; ARL [W911NF-04-2-0013] FX This effort has been performed jointly by IHMC and GMECI in collaboration with the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL). This effort has also been funded in part by AFRL under cooperative agreement FA8750-11-2-0095 and ARL under cooperative agreement W911NF-04-2-0013 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1541 EP 1546 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500258 ER PT J AU Barcomb, KE Humphries, JW Mills, RF AF Barcomb, Kris E. Humphries, Jeffrey W. Mills, Robert F. GP IEEE TI A Case for DoD Application of Public Cloud Computing Services SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE Cloud Computing; Virtualization; Infrastructure as a Service; Information Technology; Data Centers AB Cloud computing offers tremendous opportunities for private industry, governments, and even individuals to access massive amounts of compute resources on-demand at very low cost. Recent advancements in bandwidth availability, virtualization, security services and general public awareness have contributed to this information technology (IT) business model. Cloud computing provides on-demand scalability, reduces costs, decreases barriers to entry, and enables organizations to refocus on core competencies. Despite the benefits, security concerns are still the dominant barriers to cloud service adoption. This article explores public cloud computing from a Department of Defense (DoD) perspective. The objective is to improve the general understanding, analyze security issues, and present recommendations to the DoD to help foster public cloud computing adoption. C1 [Barcomb, Kris E.; Humphries, Jeffrey W.; Mills, Robert F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barcomb, KE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1888 EP 1893 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500315 ER PT J AU Schug, T Dee, C Harshman, N Merrell, R AF Schug, Todd Dee, Christina Harshman, Nikki Merrell, Ryan GP IEEE TI Air Force Aerial Layer Networking Transformation Initiatives SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Available secure communications is one vital enabler that underscores success in nearly every mission environment and application. As demand quickly outstrips available supply with both new and older capabilities competing for bandwidth and spectrum, the Air Force, along with their Joint counterparts, must endeavor to expand and complement current terrestrial and space-borne capabilities. The aerial layer provides a new horizon for secure communications. By utilizing aerial layer assets as communications nodes and relays, the Air Force and its Joint partners can readily amplify and augment available communications assets and enhance warfighter collaboration. Warfighter activities in the aerial layer span the Range Of Military Operations (ROMO) and a diverse set of operating environments. Using the aerial layer, communications assets are not constrained by terrestrial topology ground access and control, predictive satellite orbits, or other limitations hindering ground and space-based communications. Instead, the aerial layer enables dynamic network topology changes, increases bandwidth on-the-fly, and additional, alternates routing for existing communications channels while reducing enemy threats and disruptions. As a critical leader, contributor, and user of the Joint Airborne Layer Network (JALN), the Air Force has set a horizon for transformation of networking development and practices in the aerial layer to better operate, communicate, and collaborate in permissive, contested, and anti-access regions. In October 2009, the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) signed the JALN Initial Capabilities Document (ICD). As all Services strive together to build and leverage the JALN, the Air Force will continue to propel constructs, capabilities, and communications to enable the Warfighter. This paper describes the Air Force's transformation plans to overcome communications transport and networking challenges in the aerial layer and contribute towards the Joint way ahead. C1 [Schug, Todd] USAF, SAF A6WWN, Arlington, VA USA. [Dee, Christina; Harshman, Nikki; Merrell, Ryan] Booz Allen Hamilton, Arlington, VA USA. RP Schug, T (reprint author), USAF, SAF A6WWN, Arlington, VA USA. EM Todd.Schug@pentagon.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1974 EP 1978 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500330 ER PT S AU Glavitz, NE Starman, LA Coutu, RA Johnston, RL AF Glavitz, Nathan E. Starman, LaVern A. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Johnston, Richard L. BE Kaltsas, G Tsamis, C TI Effects of SU-8 Cross-linking on Flip-Chip Bond Strength when Assembling and Packaging MEMS SO EUROSENSORS XXV SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Eurosensors Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2011 CL Athens, GREECE DE SU-8; flip-chip bonding; cross-linking; MEMS AB New methods to assemble, integrate, and package micro devices are always needed in attempts to simplify and expedite fabrication methods to maximize throughput. Our paper focuses on assessing SU-8 as a viable material for packaging and flip chip bonding processes for MEMS and micro devices. In this paper, we vary the level of cross-linking through post exposure bake (PEB) times and assess rectangular ring test structures bonding strength following flip chip bonding through applied tensile loads. In addition, we performed initial assessments on the etching resiliency of varied cross-linking of SU-8. From initial results, the bonding strength is maximized following a 3-min PEB. Cross-linking appears to have minimal effects on SU-8's etch resiliency as all tested samples etched approximately 1.25 mu m. From our initial results, SU-8 appears to be a viable and inexpensive material for wafer bonding, assembling and packaging MEMS devices. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Glavitz, Nathan E.; Starman, LaVern A.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Johnston, Richard L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Glavitz, NE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2011 VL 25 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.117 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BYU78 UT WOS:000300512400114 ER PT S AU Li, M Kulhandjian, M Pados, DA Batalama, SN Medley, MJ AF Li, Ming Kulhandjian, Michel Pados, Dimitris A. Batalama, Stella N. Medley, Michael J. GP IEEE TI PASSIVE SPREAD-SPECTRUM STEGANALYSIS SO 2011 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc (SPS) DE Blind detection; covert communications; data hiding; spread-spectrum embedding; steganalysis; steganography; watermarking ID IMAGE STEGANALYSIS; WATERMARKING AB We consider the problem of passive spread-spectrum steganalysis where the objective is to decide the presence or absence of spread-spectrum hidden data in a given image (a binary hypothesis testing problem). Unlike conventional feature-based approaches, we describe an unsupervised (blind) low-complexity approach based on generalized least-squares principles that may enable rapid high-volume image processing. Extensive experiments on image sets and comparisons with existing steganalysis techniques demonstrate most satisfactory classification performance measured in probability of correct detection versus induced false alarm rate. C1 [Li, Ming; Kulhandjian, Michel; Pados, Dimitris A.; Batalama, Stella N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Medley, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, RIGF, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Pados, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mingli@buffalo.edu; mkk6@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; michael.medley@rl.af.mil FU AFOSR [FA9550-07 1-0400]; [88ABW-2011- 0587] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under Grant FA9550-07 1-0400. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2011- 0587, 16 FEB 11 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4577-1303-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BYI89 UT WOS:000298962502022 ER PT S AU Estepp, JR Christensen, JC AF Estepp, Justin R. Christensen, James C. GP IEEE TI Physiological Cognitive State Assessment: Applications for Designing Effective Human-Machine Systems SO 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) ID BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES; EEG INDEXES; PERFORMANCE; TASK; COMMUNICATION; FEATURES AB Significant growth in the field of neuroscience has occurred over the last decade such that new application areas for basic research techniques are opening up to practitioners in many other areas. Of particular interest to many is the principle of neuroergonomics, by which the traditional work in neuroscience and its related topics can be applied to non-traditional areas such as human-machine system design. While work in neuroergonomics certainly predates the use of the term in the literature (previously identified by others as applied neuroscience, operational neuroscience, etc.), there is great promise in the larger framework that is represented by the general context of the terminology. Here, we focus on the very specific concept that principles in brain-computer interfaces, neural prosthetics and the larger realm of machine learning using physiological inputs can be applied directly to the design and implementation of augmented human-machine systems. Indeed, work in this area has been ongoing for more than 25 years with very little cross-talk and collaboration between clinical and applied researchers. We propose that, given increased interest in augmented human-machine systems based on cognitive state, further progress will require research in the same vein as that being done in the aforementioned communities, and that all researchers with a vested interest in physiologically-based machine learning techniques can benefit from increased collaboration. We thereby seek to describe the current state of cognitive state assessment in human-machine systems, the problems and challenges faced, and the tightly-coupled relationship with other research areas. This supports the larger work of the Cognitive State Assessment 2011 Competition by setting the stage for the purpose of the session by showing the need to increase research in the machine learning techniques used by practitioners of augmented human-machine system design. C1 [Estepp, Justin R.; Christensen, James C.] USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Estepp, JR (reprint author), USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM justin.estepp@wpafb.af.mil; james.christensen@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-4122-8 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2011 BP 6538 EP 6541 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH52 UT WOS:000298810005019 ER PT S AU Estepp, JR Klosterman, SL Christensen, JC AF Estepp, Justin R. Klosterman, Samantha L. Christensen, James C. GP IEEE TI An Assessment of Non-stationarity in Physiological Cognitive State Assessment Using Artificial Neural Networks SO 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS) ID PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES; EEG INDEXES; PERFORMANCE; TASK; SYSTEM AB With increased attention toward physiological cognitive state assessment as a component in the larger field of applied neuroscience, the need to develop methods for robust, stable assessment of cognitive state has been expressed as critical to designing effective augmented human-machine systems. The technique of cognitive state assessment, as well as its benefits, has been demonstrated by many research groups. In an effort to move closer toward a realized system, efforts must now be focused on critical issues that remain unsolved, namely instability of pattern classifiers over the course of hours and days. This work, as part of the Cognitive State Assessment Competition 2011, seeks to explore methods for 'learning' non-stationarity as a mitigation for more generalized patterns that are stable over time courses that are not widely discussed in the literature. C1 [Estepp, Justin R.; Christensen, James C.] USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Klosterman, Samantha L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Estepp, JR (reprint author), USAF, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM justin.estepp@wpafb.af.mil; crossen.3@wright.edu; james.christensen@wpafb.af.mil FU 711th Human Performance Wing Chief Scientist's Seedling Grant Program FX This work was supported in by the 711th Human Performance Wing Chief Scientists Seedling Grant Program NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-4122-8 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2011 BP 6552 EP 6555 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH52 UT WOS:000298810005022 ER PT S AU Chen, FY Su, WF Batalama, SN Matyjas, JD AF Chen, Fuyu Su, Weifeng Batalama, Stella N. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI On Transceiver Beamformer Design for Multi-Source Multi-Destination Wireless Networks SO 2011 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2011) SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 05-09, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE DE Multi-source multi-destination (MSMD) wireless network; MIMO interference channel; transceiver beamforming; game theory; generalized Nash equilibrium ID SYSTEMS; RADIO AB In this paper, we consider the problem of designing transceiver beamforming vectors for multi-source multi-destination (MSMD) wireless networks such that the transmission power of each source is minimized while the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirements of all source-destination pairs are satisfied. We propose an efficient iterative algorithm to design the transceiver beamforming vectors and address the convergence of the algorithm. We determine a necessary condition as well as a sufficient condition for the algorithm to converge to a generalized Nash equilibrium solution. Especially, if each destination has only one antenna, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the algorithm to converge to a unique generalized Nash equilibrium solution. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative algorithm has higher probability of convergence compared to an iterative waterfilling (IWF) approach. For example, for a system with three source-destination pairs and SINR requirement of 2dB, the probability of convergence is 84% with the proposed algorithm while it is only 66% with the IWF algorithm. C1 [Chen, Fuyu; Su, Weifeng; Batalama, Stella N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] RIT, Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, FY (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM fuyuchen@buffalo.edu; weifeng@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-9268-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU77 UT WOS:000300509001163 ER PT S AU Wang, P Matyjas, J Medley, M AF Wang, Peng Matyjas, John Medley, Michael GP IEEE TI Throughput Optimization of Cognitive Radio Networks SO 2011 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2011) SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 05-09, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; FAIRNESS AB In this paper, we study the problem of finding the maximum throughput achievable by secondary users while primary users are guaranteed to achieve the minimum required data rates. We assume that node positions and channel side informations are available, and a virtual central unit is in responsible for scheduling both primary and secondary users. The optimal solution provides a theoretical upper bound of throughput for cognitive radio networks. An iterative algorithm proposed in [1] was extended to solve the throughput optimization problem, which can be decomposed into sub-problems and solved iteratively. However, due to the NP-hardness of Maximum Weighted Independent Set (MWIS) problem which has to be solved at each iteration, some greedy approximation method with polynomial computation time is applied in the iterative algorithm. Finally, we derive a theoretical upper bound for the distance between the greedy solution and the optimal solution, and guarantee that the optimal solution must be within this upper bound of the greedy solution. Numerical results are given to validate the solution. C1 [Wang, Peng; Matyjas, John; Medley, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-9268-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU77 UT WOS:000300509002100 ER PT S AU Zhou, Q Kar, S Huie, L Poor, HV Cui, SG AF Zhou, Qing Kar, Soummya Huie, Lauren Poor, H. Vincent Cui, Shuguang GP IEEE TI Robust Distributed Least-Squares Estimation in Sensor Networks with Node Failures SO 2011 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2011) SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 05-09, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE DE Distributed least-squares estimation; node failures; sensor networks ID AGENTS AB Algorithms are studied for distributed least-squares (DLS) estimation of a scalar target signal in sensor networks. Due to the observation locality and the limited sensing ability, the individual sensor estimates are far from being reliable. To obtain a more reliable estimate of the target signal, the sensors could collaborate by iteratively exchanging messages with their neighbors, to refine their local estimates over time. Such an iterative DLS algorithm is investigated in this paper with and without the consideration of node failures. In particular, without sensor node failures it is shown that every instantiation of the DLS algorithm converges, i.e., consensus is reached among the sensors, with the limiting agreement value being the centralized least-squares estimate. With node failures during the iterative exchange process, the convergence of the DLS algorithm is still guaranteed; however, an error exists between the limiting agreement value and the centralized least-squares estimate. In order to reduce this error, a modified DLS scheme, the M-DLS, is provided. The M-DLS algorithm involves an additional weight compensation step, in which a sensor performs a one-time weight compensation procedure whenever it detects the failure of a neighbor. Through analytical arguments and simulations, it is shown that the M-DLS algorithm leads to a smaller error than the DLS algorithm, where the magnitude of the improvement dependents on the network topology. C1 [Zhou, Qing; Cui, Shuguang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kar, Soummya; Poor, H. Vincent] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huie, Lauren] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Zhou, Q (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Cui, Shuguang/D-4677-2014 FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0726740, CNS-0905398] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants CCF-0726740 and CNS-0905398. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-9268-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU77 UT WOS:000300509001005 ER PT S AU Zhou, RL Li, X Chakravarthy, V Wu, ZQ AF Zhou, Ruolin Li, Xue Chakravarthy, Vasu Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Software Defined Radio Implementation of SMSE based Overlay Cognitive Radio in High Mobility Environment SO 2011 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2011) SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 05-09, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE ID FADING CHANNELS; FRAMEWORK AB A spectrally modulated spectrally encoded (SMSE) based overlay cognitive radio has been implemented and demonstrated in [1] via GNU software define radio (SDR). However, like most of the current cognitive radio implementations and demonstrations, this work does not consider the mobility between cognitive radio nodes. In a high mobility environment, the frequency offset introduced by Doppler shift leads to loss of the orthogonality among subcarriers. As a direct result, severe inter-carrier interference (ICI) and performance degradation is observed. In our previous work, we have proposed a new ICI cancellation method (namely Total ICI Cancellation) for OFDM [2] and MC-CDMA [3] mobile communication systems, which eliminates the ICI without lowering the transmission rate nor reducing the bandwidth efficiency. In this paper, we apply the total ICI cancellation algorithm onto the SMSE base overlay cognitive radio to demonstrate a high performance cognitive radio in high mobility environment. Specifically, we demonstrate an SMSE based overlay cognitive radio that is capable of detecting primary users in real time and adaptively adjusting its transmission parameters to avoid interference to (and from) primary users. When the primary user transmission changes, the cognitive radio dynamically adjusts its transmission accordingly. Additionally, this cognitive radio maintains seamless real time video transmission between the cognitive radio pair even when large frequency offset is introduced by mobility between CR transmitter and receiver. C1 [Zhou, Ruolin; Li, Xue; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhou, RL (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-9268-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU77 UT WOS:000300509004138 ER PT S AU Briggs, CM Weissbecker, I AF Briggs, Chad Michael Weissbecker, Inka BE Weissbecker, I TI Security and Conflict: The Impact of Climate Change SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN WELL-BEING: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SE International and Cultural Psychology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual DPI/NGO Conference CY SEP 05-07, 2007 CL United Nations, New York, NY HO United Nations ID ARMED CONFLICT; VULNERABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; PEACE; WORLD C1 [Briggs, Chad Michael] Univ Air, USAF, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Briggs, CM (reprint author), Univ Air, USAF, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. EM chad@globalint.org; inka.weissbecker@gmail.com NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1574-0455 BN 978-1-4419-9741-8 J9 INT CULT PSYCHOL PY 2011 BP 97 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9742-5_6 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BYS90 UT WOS:000300024900007 ER PT J AU Bryant, C Sakamoto, P Armacost, A Kolitz, S Barnhart, C Abramson, M AF Bryant, Corban Sakamoto, Philemon Armacost, Andrew Kolitz, Stephan Barnhart, Cynthia Abramson, Mark TI Robust Mission Planning SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We investigate methods for creating theater-level plans that are robust to uncertainty, and apply our planning techniques to a notional problem of assigning tasks to Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) squadrons. We present a framework that connects desired outcomes to tasks, enabling planners to value task assignments based on ability to accomplish desired objectives. We introduce an integer programming formulation that implements this framework. We apply Chance Constrained Programming (Charnes and Cooper 1959) and robust methods introduced by Bertsimas and Sim (2004) to this framework and analyze their performance in creating robust plans for theater-level task assignments. We demonstrate how robust planning creates plans that remain feasible in execution longer than nonrobust plans and achieve better overall value by avoiding replanning costs. We analyze strengths and weaknesses of each model. C1 [Armacost, Andrew] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Barnhart, Cynthia] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM corban.biyant@gmail.com; philemon.sakamoto@us.af.mil; andrew.armacost@usafa.edu; kolitz@draper.com; cbarnhart@mit.edu; mabramson@draper.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 BP 5 EP 24 DI 10.5711/1082598316405 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 902FF UT WOS:000301023300001 ER PT S AU Harper, TJ Miller, JO Hill, RR Wirthlin, JR AF Harper, Tiffany J. Miller, John O. Hill, Raymond R. Wirthlin, J. Robert BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI AGENT BASED SIMULATION DESIGN FOR AGGREGATION AND DISAGGREGATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB This paper proposes a framework for designing an agent based simulation to allow for easy aggregation and/or disaggregation of agent characteristics, behaviors, and interactions using a supply chain modeling context. Guidelines are provided for designing agent structure to demonstrate scalability in terms of fidelity to fit the needs of the analysis. The design methodology is based on combining hierarchical modeling with data-driven modeling. Related work done in variable-resolution modeling is a generalization for any modeling technique, while our proposed guidelines are specific for development of agent based models. C1 [Harper, Tiffany J.; Miller, John O.; Hill, Raymond R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wirthlin, J. Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harper, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM tharper@afit.edu; jmiller@afit.edu; rayrhill@gmail.edu; jwirthli@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520800023 ER PT S AU Ysebaert, SC Johnson, AW Miller, JO Pettit, TJ AF Ysebaert, Stephanie C. Johnson, Alan W. Miller, John O. Pettit, Timothy J. BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO LOW OBSERVABLE MAINTENANCE PRACTICES USING SIMULATION AND MARGINAL ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB The F-22 Raptor is a unique aircraft with many technological advantages and superior capabilities. The aircraft's stealth capability is a function of many design aspects, including coatings that cover the outside of the aircraft and help mitigate radar detection. Maintaining these Low Observable coatings has its own set of challenges to include an inexperienced work force, time consuming procedures, and demanding maneuvers of a fifth generation fighter aircraft. Another challenge facing the F-22 fleet is low aircraft availability, where the aircraft is down for numerous reasons. Using a simulation built in ARENA, process improvements to Low Observable maintenance can be quantified with a goal of improving aircraft availability. One example of process improvements, the use of extra stock panels is tested in the simulation to see the potential marginal improvement to Aircraft Availability. C1 [Ysebaert, Stephanie C.; Johnson, Alan W.; Miller, John O.; Pettit, Timothy J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ysebaert, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephanie.ysebaert@us.af.mil; alan.johnson@afit.edu; jmiller@afit.edu; Timo-thy.Pettit@usafa.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2525 EP 2534 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802076 ER PT S AU Hill, RR Mattioda, D Garza, R AF Hill, Raymond R. Mattioda, Daniel Garza, Ricardo BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI A SIMULATION BASED ANALYSIS OF THE B-1B'S AN/ALQ-161 MAINTENANCE PROCESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB The Air Force is investigating the use of three levels of aircraft maintenance. This work examines the effect of maintenance resource collaboration and a centralized repair facility on a critical line replacement unit for a major Air Force weapon system. Maintenance data is collected, summarized into probability distributions and used in a discrete event simulation model to examine the impact of changes to the Air Force hierarchical maintenance structure. C1 [Hill, Raymond R.; Mattioda, Daniel] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bld 641,Suite 201, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Garza, Ricardo] Maxwell A Gunter Annex, Logist Management Agency, Wright Patterson AFB, AL 36114 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bld 641,Suite 201, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.hill.jr@gmail.com; daniel.mattioda@afit.edu; ricardo.garza@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2547 EP 2558 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802078 ER PT S AU Murawski, R Ekici, E Chakravarthy, V McQuay, WK AF Murawski, Robert Ekici, Eylem Chakravarthy, Vasu McQuay, William K. GP IEEE TI Performance of Highly Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks with Directional Antennas SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 05-09, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, Sci Council Japan DE Cognitive Radio; Dynamic Spectrum Access; Directional Antenna ID DIVISION MULTIPLE-ACCESS; INTERFERENCE AB Cognitive radio systems allow secondary users to operate on underutilized licensed spectrum. When considering highly congested communication channels, however, opportunities for channel access based on time or frequency division can be limited for secondary user networks. In this research, we consider leveraging enhanced spatial diversity through directional steerable antennas to allow secondary user channel access in parallel with licensed spectrum users. Furthermore, we consider effects of mobility on directional secondary user networks and introduce a mechanism for maintaining point-to-point directional communication links in the presence of mobility. We study the trade-offs between spatial diversity and coordination overhead to motivate the use of directional antennas, even in highly mobile cognitive radio networks. C1 [Murawski, Robert; Ekici, Eylem] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu; McQuay, William K.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murawski, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM murawskr@ece.osu.edu; ekici@ece.osu.edu; Vasu.Chakravarthy@wpafb.af.mil; william.mcquay@wpafb.af.mil FU NSF [CCF-0914912]; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) [RY9-OSU-08-4] FX This work has been supported by NSF under grant number CCF-0914912 and by Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) under contract number RY9-OSU-08-4. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-61284-233-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXG34 UT WOS:000296057104167 ER PT S AU Wang, P Matyjas, J Medley, M AF Wang, Peng Matyjas, John Medley, Michael GP IEEE TI Capacity Optimization of MIMO Links with Interference SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 05-09, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, Sci Council Japan ID CHANNELS; DUALITY AB The capacity optimization problem of MIMO links with interference has attracted an increasing interest. Due to the nonconvexity of the capacity problem, only suboptimal solutions can be found. In the previous works, a Gradient Projection (GP) algorithm [1] and a Quasi-Newton (QN) method [2] were proposed to provide suboptimal solutions subject to the constant power constraint. In this paper, we derive the capacity for MIMO links suffered from cochannel interference where each MIMO link is decomposed via SVD. Then, each eigenchannel of MIMO link is represented by a set of logical links with a set of discrete data rates and discrete powers. An Integer Programming based algorithm (named as IP) is presented to solve the capacity optimization problem. The solution specifies the set of logical links that can transmit simultaneously. Numerical results show that GP and QN methods achieve better performance than IP method for the case of weak interference because of the convexity of the optimization problem when INR is sufficiently small. In the case of strong interference, IP method achieves better performance than GP and QN methods, which means that transmitting one link at a time is better than transmitting all links simultaneously with full power. In other words, scheduling links to transmit is more efficient for the case of strong interference. C1 [Wang, Peng; Matyjas, John; Medley, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-61284-233-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXG34 UT WOS:000296057102158 ER PT J AU Foutch, BK Stringham, JM Lakshminarayanan, V AF Foutch, Brian K. Stringham, James M. Lakshminarayanan, Vasuvedan TI A new quantitative technique for grading Farnsworth D-15 color panel tests SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE color vision testing; color panel test; linear regression; least squares ID VISION AB There are three variables involved in modeling measurement errors - type, severity, and selectivity. Whereas clinicians typically utilize a graphical technique to grade color deficiencies based on D-15 panel tests, Vingrys and King-Smith developed a quantitative scoring technique for panel color tests, which models all three factors by utilizing an overall moment of inertia for color difference vectors (CDVs) calculated in 1976 CIELUV space. We propose a least squares analysis via linear regression of the errors (Delta U, Delta V) according to the following equation: Delta V = m Delta U, where m = slope of best-fit line determined by linear regression. Error type is determined by the angular proximity of the best-fit line to known confusion axes representing protan, deutan, tritan or unspecified color defects. The severity is the sum of the CDV lengths of all errors made, and the selectivity is determined by the adjusted variance of the least squares fit. We determined normative threshold values for type, severity and selectivity by inspecting 142 cap arrangements with tentative diagnoses. We then analyzed 49 standard D-15 cap arrangements of subjects with definitive diagnoses to determine the sensitivity and specificity of our method to defect types. The results were then compared with those of Vingrys and King-Smith. Our linear regression technique provides an improved assessment of error arrangements that represent subtle unspecified color defects. However, our model appears too sensitive to atypical repositioning errors made when the majority of errors lie along known confusions. Used in conjunction with previous quantitative methods, linear regression by least squares proves a useful tool in the classification of errors of D-15 color panel tests. C1 [Foutch, Brian K.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Stringham, James M.] TASC Corp, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lakshminarayanan, Vasuvedan] Univ Waterloo, Sch Optometry, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Lakshminarayanan, Vasuvedan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Lakshminarayanan, Vasuvedan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Lakshminarayanan, Vasuvedan] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Foutch, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM brian.foutch@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 1755 EP 1763 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.573881 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 857CC UT WOS:000297690900011 ER PT S AU Doroski, M Knight, M Payne, J Grundt, JE Ibey, BL Thomas, R Roach, WP Wilmink, GJ AF Doroski, Michael Knight, Michael Payne, Jason Grundt, Jessica E. Ibey, Bennett L. Thomas, Robert Roach, William P. Wilmink, Gerald J. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Accelerating Thermal Deposition Modeling at Terahertz Frequencies using GPUs SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Terahertz (THz); Bioeffects; Finite Difference Time Domain; Thermal Deposition; GPU; supercomputer ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; EX-VIVO; SPECTROSCOPY; CANCER AB Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are widely used to model the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in biological tissues. High-performance central processing units (CPUs) can execute FDTD simulations for complex problems using 3-D geometries and heterogeneous tissue material properties. However, when FDTD simulations are employed at terahertz (THz) frequencies excessively long processing times are required to account for finer resolution voxels and larger computational modeling domains. In this study, we developed and tested the performance of 2-D and 3-D FDTD thermal propagation code executed on a graphics processing unit (GPU) device, which was coded using an extension of the C language referred to as CUDA. In order to examine the speedup provided by GPUs, we compared the performance (speed, accuracy) for simulations executed on a GPU (Tesla C2050), a high-performance CPU (Intel Xeon 5504), and supercomputer. Simulations were conducted to model the propagation and thermal deposition of THz radiation in biological materials for several in vitro and in vivo THz exposure scenarios. For both the 2-D and 3-D in vitro simulations, we found that the GPU performed 100 times faster than runs executed on a CPU, and maintained comparable accuracy to that provided by the supercomputer. For the in vivo tissue damage studies, we found that the GPU executed simulations 87x times faster than the CPU. Interestingly, for all exposure duration tested, the CPU, GPU, and supercomputer provided comparable predictions for tissue damage thresholds (ED50). Overall, these results suggest that GPUs can provide performance comparable to a supercomputer and at speeds significantly faster than those possible with a CPU. Therefore, GPUs are an affordable tool for conducting accurate and fast simulations for computationally intensive modeling problems. C1 [Doroski, Michael; Knight, Michael; Payne, Jason; Grundt, Jessica E.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Thomas, Robert; Roach, William P.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Doroski, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8434-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7897 AR 78970F DI 10.1117/12.874262 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY63 UT WOS:000297631800010 ER PT S AU Lavey, BJ Sheldon, KE Estlack, LE Schuster, KJ Barnhart, MD Rockwell, BA AF Lavey, Brent J. Sheldon, Katharine E. Estlack, Larry E. Schuster, Kurt J. Barnhart, Michael D. Rockwell, Benjamin A. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI VEGF-C as a survival factor for retinal pigment epithelial cells from photothermal stress SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE VEGF-C; RPE; thermal damage; laser; stress protein ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS AB Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known for its role in neovascularization and cellular signaling pathways of sub-threshold retinal lesions. The objective of this study was to elucidate potential protection mechanisms to laser-induced heat stress utilizing an in vitro retinal model. The cell line was characterized to determine the relative abundance of VEGF-C protein. Cells, preconditioned via water bath and controls, were then exposed to 2 mu m laser radiation to assess whether increases in protein production following preconditioning could confer any protection. There was no significant increase in threshold damage irradiance (ED(50)) in the preconditioned cells versus control. C1 [Lavey, Brent J.; Sheldon, Katharine E.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Lavey, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHDO, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8434-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7897 AR 78971L DI 10.1117/12.872755 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY63 UT WOS:000297631800041 ER PT S AU Oliver, JW Harbert, CA Noojin, GD Noojin, ID Schuster, KJ Shingledecker, AD Stolarski, DJ Kumru, SS AF Oliver, Jeffrey W. Harbert, Corey A. Noojin, Gary D. Noojin, Isaac D. Schuster, Kurt J. Shingledecker, Aurora D. Stolarski, David J. Kumru, Semih S. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Skin Damage Thresholds with Continuous Wave Laser Exposures at the Infrared Wavelength of 1319 nm SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB Damage thresholds (ED(50)) for skin using Yucatan mini-pig (Sus scrofa domestica) have been determined at the operational wavelength of 1319 nm with beam diameters of 0.61 cm and 0.96 cm. Exposure durations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5 and 10 seconds were used to determine trends in damage threshold with respect to exposure time and beam diameter at this moderately-high penetrating wavelength. A relatively narrow range of total radiant exposure from 37.4 J/cm(2) to 62.3 J/cm(2) average was observed for threshold damage with laser parameters encompassing a factor of two in beam area and a factor of forty in exposure duration. C1 [Oliver, Jeffrey W.; Kumru, Semih S.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Oliver, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711 HPW RHDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8434-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7897 AR 789711 DI 10.1117/12.876342 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY63 UT WOS:000297631800026 ER PT S AU Pocock, GM Boretsky, A Gupta, P Oliver, JW Motamedi, M AF Pocock, Ginger M. Boretsky, Adam Gupta, Praveena Oliver, Jeff W. Motamedi, Massoud BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Laser injury and in vivo multimodal imaging using a mouse model SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE retina; laser; retinal lesion; mouse; laser threshold; spectral domain optical coherence tomography; confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; RETINAL DEGENERATION AB Balb/c wild type mice were used to perform in vivo experiments of laser-induced thermal damage to the retina. A Heidelberg Spectralis HRA confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with a spectral domain optical coherence tomographer was used to obtain fundus and cross-sectional images of laser induced injury in the retina. Sub-threshold, threshold, and supra-threshold lesions were observed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), infrared reflectance, red-free reflectance, fluorescence angiography, and autofluorescence imaging modalities at different time points post-exposure. Lesions observed using all imaging modalities, except autofluorescence, were not visible immediately after exposure but did resolve within an hour and grew in size over a 24 hour period. There was a decrease in fundus autofluorescence at exposure sites immediately following exposure that developed into hyper-fluorescence 24-48 hours later. OCT images revealed threshold damage that was localized to the RPE but extended into the neural retina over a 24 hour period. Volumetric representations of the mouse retina were created to visualize the extent of damage within the retina over a 24 hour period. Multimodal imaging provides complementary information regarding damage mechanisms that may be used to quantify the extent of the damage as well as the effectiveness of treatments without need for histology. C1 [Pocock, Ginger M.; Oliver, Jeff W.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Pocock, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL 711 HPW RHDO,2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM ginger.pocock@brooks.af.mil RI Boretsky, Adam/B-8591-2013 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8434-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7897 AR 789713 DI 10.1117/12.873979 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY63 UT WOS:000297631800028 ER PT S AU Wigle, JC Holwitt, EA Noojin, GD Estlack, LE Sheldon, KE Rockwell, BA AF Wigle, Jeffrey C. Holwitt, Eric A. Noojin, Gary D. Estlack, Larry E. Sheldon, Katharine E. Rockwell, Benjamin A. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI No effect of femtosecond laser pulses on DNA, protein, M13, or E. coli SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Femtosecond pulse; laser; NIR; DNA; protein; bacteriophage; bacteria; viability ID IN-VITRO; PEROXYNITRITE; TRANSFECTION AB We were unable to reproduce published inactivation results, or show any interaction, between 90 femtosecond (fs) pulses of 850 nm or 425 nm laser radiation and buffer/water, DNA, protein, M13 bacteriophage or E. coli. Using agarose electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we examined purified plasmid DNA (pUC19), bovine serum albumin, and DNA and coat proteins extracted from M13 following exposures to irradiances of up to 120 MW/cm(2). We measured M13 viability using an assay for plaque-forming ability in soft agar after exposure to the same irradiances used for the protein and DNA experiments. Exposures of up 1 GW/cm(2) at 850 nm had no effect on the viability of E. coli as measured by a colony forming assay in soft agar. Peroxynitrite, known to be toxic, to cause single strand breaks in DNA, and fragment proteins in vitro gave positive results in all assays. C1 [Wigle, Jeffrey C.; Sheldon, Katharine E.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Wigle, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHDO, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8434-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7897 AR 789716 DI 10.1117/12.874754 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY63 UT WOS:000297631800030 ER PT S AU Mixon, DG Quinn, C Kiyavash, N Fickus, M AF Mixon, Dustin G. Quinn, Christopher Kiyavash, Negar Fickus, Matthew GP IEEE TI EQUIANGULAR TIGHT FRAME FINGERPRINTING CODES SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Prague Congress Ctr, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Processing Soc, IEEE HO Prague Congress Ctr DE Digital fingerprinting; equiangular tight frames; compressed sensing AB We show that equiangular tight frames (Ens) are particularly well suited as additive fingerprint designs against Gaussian averaging collusion attacks when the number of users is less than the square of the signal dimension. The detector performs a binary hypothesis test in order to decide whether a user of interest is among the colluders. Given a maximum coalition size, we show that the geometric figure of merit of distance between the corresponding "guilty" and "not guilty" linear forgeries for each user is bounded away from zero. Moreover, we show that for a normalized correlation detector, reliable detection is guaranteed provided that the number of users is less than the square of the signal dimension. Moreover, we show that the coalition has the best chance of evading detection when it uses equal weights. C1 [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Quinn, Christopher; Kiyavash, Negar] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fickus, Matthew] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mixon, DG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship; A.B. Kongard Fellowship; NSF [DMS 1042701, AFOSR F1ATA00083G004, AFOSR F1ATA00183G003, AFOSR FA9550-10-1-0345, NRL N00173-09-1-G033] FX The authors thank the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program for making this collaboration possible. Mixon was supported by the A.B. Kongard Fellowship. This work was supported by NSF DMS 1042701, AFOSR F1ATA00083G004, AFOSR F1ATA00183G003, AFOSR FA9550-10-1-0345 and NRL N00173-09-1-G033. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4577-0539-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2011 BP 1856 EP 1859 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXG36 UT WOS:000296062402047 ER PT S AU Martin, RK King, AS Thomas, RW Pennington, J AF Martin, Richard K. King, Amanda Sue Thomas, Ryan W. Pennington, Jason GP IEEE TI PRACTICAL LIMITS IN RSS-BASED POSITIONING SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Prague Congress Ctr, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Processing Soc, IEEE HO Prague Congress Ctr DE Source localization; received signal strength; Cramer-Rao lower bound; noise floor AB Received signal strength (RSS) based source localization papers often ignore the practical effects of range limits in the measurements. In many devices, this results in some sensors not reporting beyond some maximum range; and in others, the RSS is still observed but may exhibit a noise floor at large ranges. This paper models these situations and demonstrates their effect on positioning algorithms. Measured data is used to validate the cooperative and non-cooperative RSS limits. The Fisher information, Cramer-Rao lower bound, and maximum likelihood estimation error are used to quantify effects on positioning. C1 [Martin, Richard K.; King, Amanda Sue; Thomas, Ryan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pennington, Jason] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; amanda.king@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu; penninjr@muohio.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4577-0539-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2011 BP 2488 EP 2491 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXG36 UT WOS:000296062402201 ER PT S AU Lee, GYH Ren, SY Kim, SN Naik, RR AF Lee, George Yu-Heng Ren, Saiyu Kim, Sang Nyon Naik, Rajesh R. GP IEEE TI A Tunable CMOS Read-out Integrated Circuit for Carbon Nanotube-based Bio-Sensors SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 10-12, 2011 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Zhejiang Univ DE carbon nanotube; bio-sensor; read-out integrated circuit; sensor circuit design; nano-current measurement AB A robust and tunable read-out integrated circuit architecture is presented for carbon nanotube-based bio-sensor with nano-amperes current measurement at 1ms to 16 minutes intervals. The circuit contains an on-chip 8-bit analog-to-digital convertor and a trans-impedance amplifier with tunable control parameters to accommodate not easily controlled single-walled nanotube sensor fabrication with a wide distribution of resistance ranges. For one of the prepared carbon nanotube devices, the current estimation accuracy is within 0.38 nA for a carbon nanotube sensor with expected effective resistance range between 5 - 30 M Omega. This corresponds to current measurements between 5 - 45 nA. This CMOS instrumentation core has an approximate area of 639 mu m(2) and consumes 33 mW at 5 MHz sampling rate. C1 [Lee, George Yu-Heng; Ren, Saiyu] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kim, Sang Nyon; Naik, Rajesh R.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lee, GYH (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM george.lee@wright.edu; saiyu.ren@wright.edu; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Materials & Manufacturing directorate; WPAFB, OH FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials & Manufacturing directorate, WPAFB, OH. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Sang Nyon Kim for his carbon nanotube characterization data and final read-out integrated circuit definition. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-7935-1 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2011 BP 1074 EP 1077 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BXU69 UT WOS:000297171900216 ER PT S AU Zhang, P Lau, YY Tang, W Gomez, MR French, DM Zier, JC Gilgenbach, RM AF Zhang, Peng Lau, Y. Y. Tang, W. Gomez, M. R. French, D. M. Zier, J. C. Gilgenbach, R. M. GP IEEE TI Contact Resistance with Dissimilar Materials: Bulk Contacts and Thin Film Contacts SO 2011 IEEE 57TH HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS SE Electrical Contacts-IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE contact resistance; electrical contacts; contact potential; thin films; dissimilar materials; constriction resistance; spreading resistance AB Contact resistance is important to integrated circuits and thin film devices, carbon nanotube based cathodes and interconnects, field emitters, wire-array z-pinches, metal-insulator-vacuum junctions, and high power microwave sources, etc. In other applications, the electrical contacts are formed by thin film structures of a few microns thickness, such as in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) relays and microconnector systems. This paper summarizes the recent modeling efforts at the University of Michigan, addressing the effect of dissimilar materials and of finite dimensions on the contact resistance of both bulk contacts and thin film contacts. The Cartesian and cylindrical geometries are analyzed. Accurate analytical scaling laws are constructed for the contact resistance of both bulk contacts and thin film contacts over a large range of aspect ratios and resistivity ratios. These were validated against known limiting cases and spot-checks with numerical simulations. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Lau, Y. Y.; Gilgenbach, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, Peng; Tang, W.; French, D. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Gomez, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zier, J. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Zhang, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM yylau@umich.edu RI Zhang, Peng/C-8257-2011 OI Zhang, Peng/0000-0003-0606-6855 FU AFOSR grant on the Basic Physics of Distributed Plasma Discharges; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division; Northrop-Grumman Corporation; University of Michigan Institute for Plasma Science and Engineering FX This work was supported by an AFOSR grant on the Basic Physics of Distributed Plasma Discharges, L-3 Communications Electron Device Division, and Northrop-Grumman Corporation. Two of us (PZ and DMF) gratefully acknowledge a fellowship from the University of Michigan Institute for Plasma Science and Engineering. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-6808 BN 978-1-61284-648-4 J9 ELECTR CONTACT PY 2011 DI 10.1109/HOLM.2011.6034777 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU61 UT WOS:000297131500005 ER PT S AU Lowry, H Nicholson, R Steely, S Fedde, M Labello, J Bynum, K Wojcik, A AF Lowry, H. Nicholson, R. Steely, S. Fedde, M. Labello, J. Bynum, K. Wojcik, A. BE Heaney, JB Kvamme, ET TI Space and Airborne Sensor Testing in a Cryogenic Test Environment at the Arnold Engineering Development Center SO CRYOGENIC OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments XIII CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber; mirror coatings; cryogenic testing; cryopositioners; optics; cryodeposition; cryovacuum AB Performance testing of space imaging systems is crucial to meeting the requirements of such systems for all types of space applications. For over 30 years, the space chambers at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) have performed space sensor characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing on space-based, interceptor, and airborne sensors. The use of infrared scene projection systems in the cryovacuum ground-test environment is essential to this testing and is a challenging task. Experiences from the space test facilities at AEDC offer lessons learned from its experience in projection technologies, optical system design, optical material characteristics and measurement (including cryodeposition), and positioning systems involved in performing ground testing of a sensor system under flight conditions. C1 [Lowry, H.; Nicholson, R.; Steely, S.; Fedde, M.; Labello, J.; Bynum, K.; Wojcik, A.] ATA, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Lowry, H (reprint author), ATA, 1077 Schriever Ave, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM heard.lowry@arnold.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-760-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8150 AR 815006 DI 10.1117/12.892783 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BXL73 UT WOS:000296319700006 ER PT S AU Altham, JM Stabler, J Spofford, B Do, P AF Altham, Julie M. Stabler, John Spofford, Betty Do, Phong GP IEEE TI ATE and TPS Management A Look into Air Force ATS Strategies and Challenges SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (I&M) AB The purpose of this paper to discuss Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and Test Program Set (TPS) management strategy efforts to improve support and reduce logistics costs within the Air Force. The emphasis of this paper will be on two subtopics; efforts to reduce proliferation of unique Automatic Test Systems (ATS) and the impact of technology and software advances as they relate to how the Air Force (AF) works to standardize the TPS process. Both subtopics have a focus on standardization and reduction in life cycle costs for the Air Force. C1 [Altham, Julie M.; Stabler, John; Spofford, Betty; Do, Phong] USAF, ATS Policy Off, WR ALC GRN, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Altham, JM (reprint author), USAF, ATS Policy Off, WR ALC GRN, Robins AFB, GA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600001 ER PT S AU Spofford, B Altham, J Stabler, J AF Spofford, Betty Altham, Julie Stabler, John GP IEEE TI Future Logistics Approaches A View from the US Air Force ATS Policy Office SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (I&M) DE logistics; prognostics; TPS; ATE; TPS tranportability; US Air Force; ATS; automatic test AB Moving towards the future in government testing is challenging yet very exciting. With newer platforms, Built in Test (BIT) and Built in Self Test (BIST) are used much more extensively than with legacy platforms. Additionally, some of the old design philosophies we once put aside have become new again, and have gained a much wider acceptance. This includes ensuring systems, including test systems, are supportable for life without being tied to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) for every hardware and software change. The Department of Defense (DoD) and the Air Force are actively involved in developing logistics capabilities to provide better approaches to platform systems support. C1 [Spofford, Betty; Altham, Julie; Stabler, John] USAF, ATS Policy Off, WR ALC GRN, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Spofford, B (reprint author), USAF, ATS Policy Off, WR ALC GRN, Robins AFB, GA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600003 ER PT S AU Hocker, M Slay, V AF Hocker, Mel Slay, Virginia GP IEEE TI Development of a Business Case Template for Organizational-Level Testers SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (I&M) AB Interim results of ongoing research and analysis required to develop a template or analytical tool for business case analysis, (BCA) are presented. This paper provides the results of numerous queries of F-15A/B/C/D maintenance database and difficulties encountered while attempting to obtain maintenance and logistics data that could be used to both validate anecdotal evidence from the field and assess the total (enterprise) cost savings that are generated when an advanced O-level test capability is provided to the maintainer. It also provides a comparison between the F-15E (with full BIT capability) to the F15A/B/C/D test approach that uses ATE for test and diagnostics. Lastly, it discusses the critical need and salient characteristics of a more advanced analytical tool that could be used by the sustainment engineer in the preparation of a business case for a proposed CBM+ project. C1 [Hocker, Mel; Slay, Virginia] USAF, Automat Test Syst Div, Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Hocker, M (reprint author), USAF, Automat Test Syst Div, Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA USA. EM mel.hocker@robins.af.mil; virginia.slay@robins.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600009 ER PT S AU DePuy, EM AF DePuy, Elizabeth M. GP IEEE TI Mobile Power Issues With Test Equipment SO IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2011: SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AUTOTESTCON - Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 12-15, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (I&M) DE MEP; MEP-813; power; current-limiting AB this paper summarizes issues with using mobile power generators (MEPs) with automatic test equipment. MEPs are used on the flight line and at AF bases worldwide where facility power is unavailable. MEPs generate high power, connect directly to ATE with no current limiting devices in between, and are often left ungrounded. With these MEP issues ATE should be designed to detect power on its chassis. C1 WR ALC GRNEA, Automat Test Div, Robins AFB, Warner Robins, GA 31093 USA. RP DePuy, EM (reprint author), WR ALC GRNEA, Automat Test Div, Robins AFB, Warner Robins, GA 31093 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-9361-6 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2011 BP 212 EP 214 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXU56 UT WOS:000297105600033 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, K Pachter, M Chandler, P Casbeer, D Darbha, S AF Krishnamoorthy, K. Pachter, M. Chandler, P. Casbeer, D. Darbha, S. GP IEEE TI UAV Perimeter Patrol Operations Optimization using Efficient Dynamic Programming SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol AB A reduced order Dynamic Programming (DP) method that efficiently computes the optimal policy and value function for a class of controlled Markov chains is developed. We assume that the Markov chains exhibit the property that a subset of the states have a single (default) control action associated with them. Furthermore, we assume that the transition probabilities between the remaining (decision) states can be derived from the original Markov chain specification. Under these assumptions, the suggested reduced order DP method yields significant savings in computation time and also leads to faster convergence to the optimal solution. Most importantly, the reduced order DP has been shown analytically to give the exact same solution that one would obtain via performing DP on the original full state space Markov chain. The method is illustrated via a multi UAV perimeter patrol stochastic optimal control problem. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.; Chandler, P.; Casbeer, D.] USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, M.] US Air Force, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Darbha, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, K (reprint author), USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 462 EP 467 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376000076 ER PT S AU Niedfeldt, P Kingston, D Beard, R AF Niedfeldt, Peter Kingston, Derek Beard, Randal GP IEEE TI Vehicle State Estimation within a Road Network using a Bayesian Filter SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol AB A histogram filter is used to estimate the state of a vehicle traveling along a known road network. Our contribution is to provide a framework to estimate vehicle states without knowing its route or the final destination. The vehicle is constrained to travel on the road network with an unknown but bounded speed. We account for road intersections by applying a likelihood to the possible direction of travel during the prediction step of the filter. These likelihoods are determined by system parameters that model how likely roads will be taken, and the maneuvers that the vehicle will likely perform. C1 [Niedfeldt, Peter] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Kingston, Derek] Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beard, Randal] Brigham Young Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Niedfeldt, P (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM pcniedfeldt@gmail.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 4910 EP 4915 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376005136 ER PT S AU Argyle, M Casbeer, DW Beard, R AF Argyle, Matthew Casbeer, David W. Beard, Randy GP IEEE TI A Multi-Team Extension of the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol AB The Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) is incorporated into a hierarchical concept of operation. In the Team CBBA each team of unmanned vehicles plans for all agents in the team to service a set of tasks. This team planning is carried out separately using the traditional CBBA. An "outer-loop" Team CBBA strategy is presented that coordinates planning between teams of agents. The hierarchical structure of the Team CBBA gives an manageable architecture for large numbers of unmanned agents through human centered operations. This is because each (small) team would be managed by a human operator with the Team CBBA coordinating between teams. C1 [Argyle, Matthew; Beard, Randy] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect Eng, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Control Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beard, Randy] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Argyle, M (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect Eng, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM matt.argyle@gmail.com; david.casbeer@wpafb.af.mil; beard@byu.edu NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 5376 EP 5381 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376006066 ER PT S AU Chakravarthy, A Evans, KA Evers, J Kuhn, LM AF Chakravarthy, Animesh Evans, Katie A. Evers, Johnny Kuhn, Lisa M. GP IEEE TI Target Tracking Strategies for a Nonlinear, Flexible Aircraft-Inspired Model SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID FLIGHT AB Aeroelastic wing micro aerial vehicle (MAV) concepts are being explored for military and civilian applications. However, on the whole, the issues of control of MAVs are largely unexplored. The authors seek to employ distributed parameter modeling and control theory in an effort to achieve agile flight potential of flexible, morphable wing MAV airframes. In this work, two Euler-Bernoulli beams connected to a rigid mass are used to model the heave dynamics of an aeroelastic wing MAV. A nonlinear aerodynamic lift force acts upon this multiple component structure. The focus of this paper is an effort to employ tools from linear distributed parameter control theory to gain insight into feasibly obtained wing shape, as a bridge to examining optimal wing morphing trajectories for achieving agile flight. C1 [Chakravarthy, Animesh] Wichita State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1845 N Fairmt, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Evans, Katie A.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Fac Math, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Evers, Johnny] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kuhn, Lisa M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Computat Analy & Modeling, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Chakravarthy, A (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1845 N Fairmt, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM animesh.chakravarthy@wichita.edu; kevans@latech.edu; johnny.evers@eglin.af.mil; lmk012@latech.edu FU NSF EPSCoR through the Louisiana Board of Regents [NSF(2010)-PFUND-201]; US Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8651-08-D-OI08] FX This work was supported by NSF EPSCoR through the Louisiana Board of Regents under Contract Number NSF(2010)-PFUND-201, the US Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, and the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Number FA8651-08-D-OI08 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376002067 ER PT S AU Yoo, S Stewart, SD Lambert, DE AF Yoo, Sunhee Stewart, Scott D. Lambert, David E. BE Itoh, S Yoh, JJ Hokamoto, K TI Modeling a Supersonic Solid State Detonation in an Overdriven Porous Mixture of Aluminum and Teflon SO EXPLOSION, SHOCK WAVE AND HIGH-ENERGY REACTION PHENOMENA SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Explosion, Shock Wave and High-Energy Reaction Phenomena CY SEP 01-03, 2010 CL Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Seoul Natl Univ, Korean Fed Sci & Technol Soc, Korean Soc Combust, Korea Inst Mil Sci & Technol, Seoul Convent Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Natl Space Lab, Korea, Kumamoto Univ, Shock Wave & Condensed Matter Res Ctr, Kumamoto Univ Global COE Program Global Initiat Ctr Pulsed Power Engn, Kumamoto Univ Discretionary Fund, Japan Explos Soc, Tech Sect Explos Impuls Proc, Japan Soc Tech Plastic, Comm High-Energy-Rate-Form, Inst Adv Aerosp Technol HO Seoul Natl Univ DE Solid State Detonation; supersonic overdriven detonation AB In this paper, we demonstrate that an engineering device can be carefully designed in such a way that an overdriven solid state detonation can be initiated and propagated supersonically in a highly porous mixture of aluminum and Teflon. The equation of state and kinetics for the porous mixture are phenomenological models that were developed in our previous work [1]. This demonstration can be regarded as a good verification that the models which were used mainly in 1-D simulation are practically applicable and consistent to higher dimensional simulation of a shock dynamics in practical engineering devices. C1 [Yoo, Sunhee] REEF, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Stewart, Scott D.] Univ Illinois, Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lambert, David E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Yoo, S (reprint author), REEF, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM syoo1@illinois.edu; dss@illinois.edu; david.lambert@eglin.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [F08630-00-1-0002]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics [FA9550-06-1-0044]; [Office of Naval Research] FX Supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate F08630-00-1-0002, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Mathematics FA9550-06-1-0044, and the Office of Naval Research NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2011 VL 673 BP 41 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.673.41 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BXG46 UT WOS:000296071600005 ER PT S AU Rovito, TV Abayowa, BO Talbert, ML AF Rovito, Todd V. Abayowa, Bernard O. Talbert, Michael L. BE Kolodny, MA Pham, T Priddy, KL TI Open Source Layered Sensing Model SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR II CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Blender; LuxRender; Python; cloud computing; layered sensing; open-source; Amazon Elastic Cloud Computer AB This paper will look at using open source tools (Blender (c) [17], LuxRender (c) [18], and Python (c) [19]) to build an image processing model for exploring combinations of sensors/platforms for any given image resolution. The model produces camera position, camera attitude, and synthetic camera data that can be used for exploitation purposes. We focus on electro-optical (EO) visible sensors to simplify the rendering but this work could be extended to use other rendering tools that support different modalities. Due to the computational complexity of ray tracing we employ the Amazon Elastic Cloud Computer to help speed up the generation of large ray traced scenes. The key idea of the paper is to provide an architecture for layered sensing simulation which is modular in design and constructed on open-source off-the-shelf software. This architecture shows how leveraging existing open-source software allows for practical layered sensing modeling to be rapidly assimilated and utilized in real-world applications. In this paper we demonstrate our model output is automatically exploitable by using generated data with an innovative video frame mosaic algorithm. C1 [Rovito, Todd V.; Abayowa, Bernard O.; Talbert, Michael L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rovito, TV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-621-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8047 AR 80470T DI 10.1117/12.886671 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BWF29 UT WOS:000293787000018 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Patterson, M Leedy, K Neidhard, R Varanasi, C Steinhauer, G AF Subramanyam, Guru Patterson, Mark Leedy, Kevin Neidhard, Robert Varanasi, Chakrapani Steinhauer, Gregg TI Novel Multi-Capacitor Architecture for BST Thin Film Varactors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Integrated Functionalities (ISIF) CY JUN 13-16, 2010 CL San Juan, PR SP Inst Complex Adapt Matters, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Funct Nanomat UPR, SPECLAB (UPR), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Radiant Technol, Quantum Design, Aja Int, Jeol Corp, Taylor & Francis Publishers AB Novel Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film varactors with parallel capacitor architecture were designed fabricated and tested. Varactors with 2-6 parallel capacitors were experimentally verified using large area processed bst thin films. The multicapacitor varactor shunt switches provided improved isolation at the expense of higher insertion loss. The multicapacitor varactors yielded reduced overall parasitic series inductance and resistances, resulting in higher quality factor Q. This is the first time such a device is reported. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru; Patterson, Mark] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Steinhauer, Gregg] Analog Bridge Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Guru.Subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2011 VL 125 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1080/10584587.2011.573995 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 847XS UT WOS:000297009300003 ER PT J AU Kim, D MacKunis, W Fitz-Coy, N Dixon, WE AF Kim, D. MacKunis, W. Fitz-Coy, N. Dixon, W. E. TI Precision Integrated Power and Attitude Control System (IPACS) in the Presence of Dynamic Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 16-18, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB An adaptive robust integrated power and attitude control system (IPACS) is presented for a variable speed control moment gyroscope (VSCMG)-actuated satellite. The developed IPACS method is capable of achieving precision attitude control while simultaneously achieving asymptotic power tracking for a rigid-body satellite in the presence of uncertain friction in the VSCMG gimbals and wheels. In addition, the developed controller compensates for the effects of uncertain, time-varying satellite inertia properties. Some challenges encountered in the control design are that the control input is premultiplied by a nonsquare, time-varying, nonlinear, uncertain matrix and is embedded in a discontinuous nonlinear. Globally uniformly ultimately bounded attitude tracking and asymptotic power tracking results are proven via Lyapunov stability analyses, and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the controller. C1 [Kim, D.; Fitz-Coy, N.; Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [MacKunis, W.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ndsatellite@ufl.edu; mackunis@gmail.com; nfc@ufl.edu; wdixon@ufl.edu RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 99 EP 120 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 827IZ UT WOS:000295423500007 ER PT J AU Pechter, M AF Pechter, Meir TI State Estimation for Discrete Systems SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WIDE-AREA-SEARCH AB The modeling and optimization of the operation of autonomous weapon systems and Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance systems that employ an Autonomous Target Recognition module for target classification calls for a theory of state estimation for discrete systems. In this paper, a theory of state estimation for discrete system is developed. A recursive, Kalman filter like state estimation algorithm, for the case where the measurements, taken by an imperfect sensor, are discrete, is presented. The herein developed state estimation algorithm is applicable to the operation of autonomous and mixed initiative systems. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pechter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Meir.Pachter@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.5711/1082598316323 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 847BP UT WOS:000296947200003 ER PT S AU Mei, X Ling, HB Wu, Y Blasch, E Bai, L AF Mei, Xue Ling, Haibin Wu, Yi Blasch, Erik Bai, Li GP IEEE TI Minimum Error Bounded Efficient l(1) Tracker with Occlusion Detection SO 2011 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION (CVPR) SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) CY JUN 20-25, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE ID VISUAL TRACKING; REPRESENTATION; EIGENTRACKING AB Recently, sparse representation has been applied to visual tracking to find the target with the minimum reconstruction error from the target template subspace. Though effective, these L1 trackers require high computational costs due to numerous calculations for l(1) minimization. In addition, the inherent occlusion in sensitivity of the l(1) minimization has not been fully utilized. In this paper, we propose an efficient L1 tracker with minimum error bound and occlusion detection which we call Bounded Particle Resampling (BPR)-L1 tracker. First, the minimum error bound is quickly calculated from a linear least square sequation, and serves as a guide for particle resampling in a particle filter framework. Without loss of precision during resampling, most insignificant samples are removed before solving the computationally expensive l(1) minimization function. The BPR technique enables us to speed up the L1 tracker without sacrificing accuracy. Second, we perform occlusion detection by investigating the trivial coefficients in the l(1) minimization. These coefficients, by design, contain rich information about image corruptions including occlusion. Detected occlusions enhance the template updates to effectively reduce the drifting problem. The proposed method shows good performance as compared with several state-of-the-art trackers on challenging benchmark sequences. C1 [Mei, Xue] Intel Corp, Assembly Test Technol Dev, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Ctr Data Anal & Biomed Informat, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Wu, Yi] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Informat & Control Engn, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yi] Univ Calif Merced, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Merced, CA 95340 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Bai, Li] Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Mei, X (reprint author), Intel Corp, Assembly Test Technol Dev, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0916624, IIS-1049032]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61005027, 61273259, 61272223] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant IIS-0916624 and Grant IIS-1049032. The work of Y. Wu was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61005027, Grant 61273259, and Grant 61272223. NR 28 TC 107 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4577-0393-5 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2011 BP 1257 EP 1264 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BXB85 UT WOS:000295615801044 ER PT J AU Christiansen, BD Coutu, RA Heller, ER Poling, BS Via, GD Vetury, R Shealy, JB AF Christiansen, Bradley D. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Heller, Eric R. Poling, Brian S. Via, G. David Vetury, Rama Shealy, Jeffrey B. GP IEEE TI Reliability Testing of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under Multiple Stressors SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE reliability; failure mechanisms; GaN; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) AB We performed an experiment on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with high voltage and high power as stressors. We found that devices tested under high power generally degraded more than those tested under high voltage. In particular, the high-voltage-tested devices did not degrade significantly as suggested by some papers in the literature. The same papers in the literature also suggest that high voltages cause cracks and pits. However, the high-voltage-tested devices in this study do not exhibit cracks or pits in TEM images, while the high-power-tested devices exhibit pits. C1 [Christiansen, Bradley D.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heller, Eric R.] Air Resources Lab, Mat & Mfg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poling, Brian S.; Via, G. David] Air Resources Lab, Sensors Directorates, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Vetury, Rama; Shealy, Jeffrey B.] RF Micro Dev Inc, Def & Power, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Christiansen, BD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Sensors Directorate; Aerospace Components; Subsystems Division FX This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Sensors Directorate, Aerospace Components and Subsystems Division. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9111-7 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWY60 UT WOS:000295322100114 ER PT S AU Benson, MR Marciniak, MA Burks, JW AF Benson, Michael R. Marciniak, Michael A. Burks, Jeffery W. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Characterization and measurements collected from Infrared Grazing Angle Reflectometer SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XIX CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DHR; infrared; grazing angle; LWIR; reflectometer AB The Infrared Grazing Angle Reflectometer (IGAR) measures the Directional Hemispherical Reflectance (DHR) of samples at infrared wavelengths and at angles close to grazing incidence. While other devices measure DHR at or near normal, IGAR makes measurements with the angle of incidence ranging from 30 to 85 degrees. IGAR is equipped with a tunable laser source, allowing DHR measurements at wavelengths from 9.2 to 10.7m. Additional lasers can be easily added, and future plans include integrating our tunable external cavity quantum cascade lasers, extending our wavelength range from 4.3 to 9.7 microns. IGAR utilizes a hemi-elliptical mirror and a five-sided pyroelectric detector to measure DHR. By using this setup, IGAR can make low noise measurements while still capturing all of the reflected light. Our future sample set includes infrared material standards such as infragold, carbon nanotubes, as well as nanostructured devices, and various layered media. C1 [Benson, Michael R.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benson, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-764-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8154 AR 81541B DI 10.1117/12.893753 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF54 UT WOS:000295964600036 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Elhamri, S Olson, BV Boggess, TF Grazulis, L AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Szmulowicz, F. Elhamri, S. Olson, B. V. Boggess, T. F. Grazulis, L. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI The role of InAs thickness on the material properties of InAs/GaSb superlattices SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XIX CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID MIDINFRARED DETECTION; II SUPERLATTICES AB The epitaxial growth parameters optimized for mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) growth are not directly applicable for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) SL growth. We observed a two orders of magnitude drop in the spectral intensity of the measured photoresponse (PR) as the InAs layer thickness in the SL increases from 9 monolayers (MLs) to 16 MLs for a fixed GaSb layer thickness of 7 MLs. However, the theoretically calculated absorption strength decreases only by about a factor of two. So other factors affecting photoresponse, such as carrier mobility and lifetime, are likely responsible for the large drop in the PR of the LWIR SL in this sample set. In fact the measured Hall properties of MWIR and LWIR SLs are very different, with holes as the majority carriers in MWIR SLs and electrons as the majority carriers in LWIR SLs. Therefore we investigated the charge carrier density, carrier mobility, and carrier recombination dynamics in LWIR SL samples. Specifically we used temperature-dependent Hall effect and time-resolved pump-probe measurements to study the effect of adjusting several growth parameters on the background carrier concentrations and studied carrier lifetimes in LWIR SLs. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Szmulowicz, F.; Grazulis, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-764-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8154 AR 81540J DI 10.1117/12.892751 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF54 UT WOS:000295964600015 ER PT S AU Vap, JC Nauyoks, SE Fitzgerald, T Marciniak, MA AF Vap, Jason C. Nauyoks, Stephen E. Fitzgerald, Thomas Marciniak, Michael A. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Development of tunable polarimetric optical scattering instrument from 4.3-9.7 microns SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XIX CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Polarimetric; Scatter; BSDF; Infrared; MWIR; LWIR; Dual-Rotating-Retarder; Quantum-Cascade Lasers ID MUELLER MATRIX POLARIMETER AB To examine the polarimetric Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) of samples in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR), a full Stokes polarimetric optical scatter instrument has been developed which is tunable from 4.3-9.7 microns through the use of six external-cavity quantum-cascade lasers. The polarimeter is realized through a dual-rotating-retarder configuration, which allows full Mueller-matrix extraction over the tunable wavelengths. Optical characterization of the polarimeter components was conducted to establish performance baselines for the system. The dynamic range of the system is nine orders of magnitude. C1 [Vap, Jason C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vap, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-764-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8154 AR 81540E DI 10.1117/12.892470 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF54 UT WOS:000295964600011 ER PT S AU Ryer, DM Bihl, TJ Bauer, KW Rogers, SK AF Ryer, David M. Bihl, Trevor J. Bauer, Kenneth W. Rogers, Steven K. BE Southern, SO Montgomery, KN Taylor, CW Weigl, BH Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI QUEST Hierarchy for Hyperspectral Face Recognition SO SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, MILITARY MEDICINE, DISASTER RESPONSE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing Technologies for Global Health, Military Medicine, Disaster Response, and Environmental Monitoring and Biometric Technology for Human Identification VIII CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; facial recognition; fusion; qualia ID EIGENFACES; IMAGES AB A face recognition methodology employing an efficient fusion hierarchy for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is presented. A Matlab-based graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to aid processing, track performance and to display results. gallery as well as the injection of additional probe images during the matching process. Algorithmic results and performance improvements are presented as spatial, and temporal effects are utilized in this Qualia Exploitation of Sensor Technology (QUEST) motivate methodology C1 [Ryer, David M.; Bihl, Trevor J.; Bauer, Kenneth W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryer, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Bihl, Trevor/0000-0003-2431-2749 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8603-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8029 AR 80291M DI 10.1117/12.884082 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BXF13 UT WOS:000295931800040 ER PT S AU del Arroyo, JRG Jackson, JA AF del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez Jackson, Julie Ann GP IEEE TI SAR Imaging Using WiMAX OFDM PHY SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Modern communication systems provide myriad opportunities for passive radar applications. Understanding the structure and potential of these signals becomes critical in the design and concept development process of passive radar systems. Although research exists for passive coherent target location, there is much to be explored in the passive radar imaging realm using signals of opportunity. This paper presents an evaluation of the IEEE 802.16-2009 WiMAX OFDM physical layer as a potential signal for a passive imaging radar system. The use of OFDM signals in radar imaging is explored and basic WiMAX imaging properties are discussed. C1 [del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez; Jackson, Julie Ann] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP del Arroyo, JRG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jose.gutierrez@afit.edu; julie.jackson@afit.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000027 ER PT S AU Tempelis, A Jussaume, M Jackson, JA AF Tempelis, Andreas Jussaume, Matthew Jackson, Julie Ann GP IEEE TI Comparison of Measured and Predicted Bistatic Scattering from a Right-Angle Dihedral SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL DE dihedral; bistatic scattering; radar cross section ID CORNER REFLECTORS AB The bistatic radar cross section of a dihedral at three different orientations is measured and compared to five scattering predictions-method of moments (MoM), finite integration technique (FIT), shooting and bouncing rays (SBR), and two analytic models-closed-form PO (CPO) and a simplified parametric model. For many applications, accurate predictions in the mainlobe response are of most importance. We show that bistatic CPO and PM predictions have good fit to measured data in the mainlobe and are computationally more efficient than the numerical prediction methods. C1 [Tempelis, Andreas; Jussaume, Matthew; Jackson, Julie Ann] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tempelis, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000028 ER PT S AU Pillai, SU Li, KY Himed, B AF Pillai, S. Unnikrishina Li, Ke Yong Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Constant Envelope Signals with Prescribed Discrete Fourier Transform Magnitude SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB This paper presents a new method for constant envelope signal generation using discrete values of the magnitude spectrum. The new approach uses the frequency magnitude values to generate a piece-wise linear chirp-like signal with excellent pulse compression properties. C1 [Pillai, S. Unnikrishina] NYU, Dept EE, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Li, Ke Yong] C&P Technol, inc, Closter, NJ USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL, RYRT, Dayton, OH USA. RP Pillai, SU (reprint author), NYU, Dept EE, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM pillai@hora.poly.edu; kli@cptnj.com; Braham.Himed@wpafb.af.mil FU Air force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate; Radar singal processing Branch [SBIR FA8750-06-C-0202, FA8650-09-C-1628] FX part of the work described here is supported by the Air force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate, Radar singal processing Branch under an SBIR FA8750-06-C-0202 and FA8650-09-C-1628. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000095 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Deming, R Schindler, J AF Linnehan, Robert Deming, Ross Schindler, John GP IEEE TI Multipath Analysis of Dismount Radar Responses SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB This work continues from our article published in RadarCon 2010 titled "Validating Multipath Responses of Moving Targets Through Urban Environments", where we describe the collection and analysis of multipath radar responses from vehicles passing in front of a two-story brick building at Wright-Patterson AFB. In May 2010 we performed a similar experiment that included line-of-sight (LOS) and multipath measurements of dismounts (humans) moving at various speeds and directions in front of the same two-story building. Examination of the data at X-band shows strong multipath responses of the dismounts from specular regions on the background wall, as well as from other structures present in the scene, e. g., a light pole and metal downspouts. Micro-motion analysis of the multipath signatures yields features similar to those extracted from the corresponding direct path responses, suggesting that dismounts could be characterized even when they are not in LOS of the radar. Furthermore, preliminary results show the potential to enhance dismount classification and localization when both direct path and multipath signatures are available. C1 [Linnehan, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Electromagnet Technol Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Deming, Ross; Schindler, John] Hanscom AFB, Solid State Sci Corp, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Electromagnet Technol Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.linnehan@us.af.mil; ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil; j.schindler@ieee.org FU Matrix Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Strategic Technology Office FX The authors would like to thank Tom Caveyou, et al., from Matrix Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Strategic Technology Office for their support. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 474 EP 479 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000096 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Li, HB Rangaswamy, M AF Jiang, Chaoshu Li, Hongbin Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Analysis of the Conjugate Gradient Matched Filter SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL DE Space-time adaptive processing (STAP); conjugate gradient method; matched filter; Krylov subspace AB We consider the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm for the calculation of the weight vector of the optimum matched filter (MF). As an iterative algorithm, it produces a series of approximations to the optimum MF weight vector, each of which can be used to filter the test signal and form a test statistic. This effectively leads to a family of detectors, referred to as the CG-MF detectors, which are indexed by k the number of iterations incurred. We first consider a general case involving an arbitrary covariance matrix of the disturbance (including interference, noise, etc.) and show that all CG-MF detectors attain constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and, furthermore, are optimum in the sense that the k-th CG-MF detector yields the highest output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) among all linear detectors within the k-th Krylov subspace. We then consider a structured case frequently encountered in practice, where the covariance matrix of the disturbance contains a low-rank component (rank-r) due to dominant interference sources, a scaled identity due to the presence of a white noise, and a perturbation component containing the residual interference and/or due to the estimation error. We show that the (r + 1) - st CG-MF detector achieves CFAR and an output SINR nearly identical to that of the optimum MF detector which requires complete iterations of the CG algorithm till reaching convergence. Hence, the (r + 1)-st CG-MF detector can be used in place of the MF detector for significant computational saving when r is small. C1 [Jiang, Chaoshu; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, RYRT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0310] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant FA9550-09-1-0310. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 480 EP 485 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000097 ER PT S AU Frost, SW Rigling, B AF Frost, Shaun W. Rigling, Brian GP IEEE TI Performance Comparison for Constrained Radar Waveform Design SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB With more users populating the frequency spectrum and less available contiguous bandwidth, radar and communication waveforms are slowly forced to become more efficient at using their available frequencies. In this paper, unconstrained algorithms for jointly designing complex digital transmit waveforms and receive filters are considered. Varying a convex weight trades performance between signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and sidelobe levels. Through an empirical study, performance for constrained radar waveform design is established for an instantiation of the interference spectrum. C1 [Frost, Shaun W.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Frost, SW (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shaun.frost@wpafb.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 724 EP 728 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000146 ER PT S AU Lievsay, JR Akers, GA AF Lievsay, James R. Akers, Geoffrey A. GP IEEE TI Moving Target Detection Via Digital Time Domain Correlation of Random Noise Radar Signals SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Ultra-wideband random noise radar theoretically has a thumbtack ambiguity function, which cannot be realized due to hardware, processing, and environmental limitations. Velocity estimation using traditional Doppler processing is not practicable for ultra-wideband random noise radar because of the large fractional bandwidth. Through analysis, this paper explores moving target detection using digital correlation processing of random noise signals in the time domain with a single receive channel. Additionally, simulated and measured results are presented. C1 [Lievsay, James R.; Akers, Geoffrey A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lievsay, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.lievsay@us.af.edu; geoffrey.akers@us.af.edu NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 784 EP 788 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000157 ER PT S AU Stralka, JP Thompson, RM Scanlan, J Jones, A AF Stralka, John P. Thompson, Richard M. Scanlan, Johnathan Jones, Aaron GP IEEE TI MISO Radar Beamforming Demonstration SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID MIMO RADAR; ANTENNAS AB Coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is characterized by having a transmit antenna array and a receive antenna array located in a pseudo-monostatic configuration such that desired target returns from the far-field are coherent. Each element (or subarray) of the transmit array radiates an independent, ideally orthogonal, waveform. Such a radar offers the ability to digitally form beams, possibly adaptively, on both transmit and receive within the receive signal processor. The fundamental advantages of MIMO radar over modern single-input multiple-output (SIMO) radar can be demonstrated with a multiple-input single-output (MISO) radar. A MISO radar testbed with up to four transmit channels and a single receiver was built to evaluate the various classes of MIMO waveforms. Results of these tests are presented. C1 [Stralka, John P.; Thompson, Richard M.] Northrop Grumman, Elect Syst, 7323 Aviat Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21240 USA. [Scanlan, Johnathan; Jones, Aaron] US Air Force, Res Lab, RF Sensor Technol Div AFRL RYRT, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stralka, JP (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, Elect Syst, 7323 Aviat Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21240 USA. EM john.stralka@ngc.com; Richard.M.Thompson@ngc.com; Johnathan.Scanlan@wpafb.af.mil; Aaron.Jones1@wpafb.af.mil FU DMEA; AFRL [H94003-04-D-0004-120] FX This work was sponsored by DMEA and AFRL under contract H94003-04-D-0004-120. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 889 EP 894 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000178 ER PT S AU Priestly, JA Collins, PJ AF Priestly, John A., III Collins, Peter J. GP IEEE TI An Investigation of the Trade-offs Between Electronic Protection and Processing Efficiency in a Multistatic Noise Radar Network SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has developed an experimental multistatic ultrawideband (UWB) random noise (RN) radar to produce highly accurate, highly resolved imagery. Recent experimental studies have shown submeter range resolution performance. A focus of current research is the reduction of signal processing and network latency in multistatic range calculations, while maintaining a high level of electronic protection (EP). Investigated here is the development and application of a software model to accelerate exploration of new concepts in support of this research. The software model, developed using Simulink (R), was verified component-by-component and as a whole with both theoretical and measured performance of the UWB-RN radar hardware. The Simulink (R) model was then applied to qualitatively analyze the EP performance of known pseudorandom template play-back strategies as compared to traditional RN waveforms. Key to this concept is the fact these templates are captured from a thermal noise source and are therefore truly wide-sense stationary, uncorrelated waveforms. The analysis reveals that properly designed pseudorandom templates provide an equivalent level of EP and may provide up to a 75% increase in multistatic processing efficiency. C1 [Priestly, John A., III; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Priestly, JA (reprint author), USAF, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.priestly@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 1015 EP 1020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000202 ER PT S AU Nelms, ME Collins, PJ AF Nelms, Matthew E. Collins, Peter J. GP IEEE TI Development and Evaluation of a Multistatic Ultrawideband Random Noise Radar Network SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB The AFIT noise network (NoNET) is an experimental multistatic ultrawideband random noise radar designed to produce highly accurate, highly resolved imagery of a target scene while maintaining a simple design and low probability of intercept posture. This paper covers the radar node design and processing of the bistatic channel information from a cluster of widely distributed noise radar nodes. Design and integration of a distributed and central signal and data processing architecture enables the matlab-driven signal data acquisition, digital processing and multi-sensor image fusion. Experimental evaluation of the monostatic localization performance reveals its range measurement error standard deviation is 4.8 cm with a range resolution of 87.2(+/- 5.9) cm. AFIT's RCS range provides a clutter free joint coverage area for single and multi-target scenarios for assessing the 16-channel multistatic solution. The average multistatic localization error is assessed as 7.7(+/- 3.1) cm and a comparative analysis is performed against the netted monostatic solution. C1 [Nelms, Matthew E.; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelms, ME (reprint author), USAF, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pcollins@ieee.org NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 1068 EP 1073 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000212 ER PT S AU Parker, JT Moore, LJ Potter, LC AF Parker, Jason T. Moore, Linda J. Potter, Lee C. GP IEEE TI Resolution and Sidelobe Structure Analysis for RF Tomography SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Radio frequency (RF) tomography utilizes a network of spatially diverse sensors to trade geometric diversity for bandwidth, permitting images to be formed with narrowband waveforms. Such a constellation of sensors produces a sparsely and irregularly spaced set of Fourier space samples, complicating the definition and analysis of resolution for these systems. We present an analysis of resolution for RF tomography based on the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) for estimation of target position and velocity. This approach allows the resolution for a given sensor configuration to be determined with minimal computational cost, thus providing a useful design tool for sensor placement and frequency selection for RF tomography. We also explore the impact of Fourier space "filling" with bistatic geometries on sidelobe structure of the ambiguity function. Several simulation results are presented to validate the resolution calculations from the CRB and to illustrate the importance of sensor placement for RF tomographic imaging. C1 [Parker, Jason T.; Moore, Linda J.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Potter, Lee C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH USA. RP Parker, JT (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil; linda.moore2@wpafb.af.mil; potter@ece.osu.edu RI Potter, Lee/F-8668-2014 OI Potter, Lee/0000-0002-1537-1627 FU AFOSR lab; DARPA [N66001-10-1-4090] FX The first author was supported under an AFOSR lab task under the direction of Dr. Arje Nachman. Lee Potter was supported by DARPA through grant N66001-10-1-4090. We would also like to thank Dr. Matt Ferrara, Professor Margaret Cheney, Dr. Braham Himed, and Dr. Murali Rangaswamy for insightful comments on this work. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 1080 EP 1085 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000214 ER PT S AU Burt, JM Boyd, ID AF Burt, Jonathan M. Boyd, Iain D. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI A Global Convergence Criterion for Steady State DSMC Simulations SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds AB A new global convergence criterion is presented to identify transient characteristics during the startup period of a steady state direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulation. Unlike deterministic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) schemes, DSMC is generally subject to large statistical scatter in instantaneous flow property evaluations, which prevents the use of residual tracking procedures as are often employed in CFD simulations. However, reliable prediction of the time to reach steady state is necessary for initialization of DSMC sampling operations. Techniques currently used in DSMC to identify steady state convergence have several limitations, and are usually insensitive to weak transient behavior in small regions of relatively low density or recirculating flow. The proposed convergence criterion is developed with the goal of properly identifying such weak transient behavior, while adding negligible computational expense and allowing simple implementation in any existing DSMC code. Benefits of the proposed technique over existing convergence detection methods are demonstrated for representative nozzle/plume expansion flow, and application to other types of flows is discussed. C1 [Burt, Jonathan M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burt, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1063/1.3562653 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300033 ER PT S AU Schrock, CR Wood, AW AF Schrock, Christopher R. Wood, Aihua W. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI Distributional Collision Modeling for Monte Carlo Simulations SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE DSMC; Boltzmann Equation; Kernel Density Estimation ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; CONVERGENCE PROOF; SCHEME AB In this paper we present the initial results in our development of Distributional DSMC (DDSMC) methods. By modifying Nanbu's method to allow distributed velocities, we have shown that DSMC methods are not limited to convergence in probability measure alone, but can achieve strong convergence for L(1) solutions of the Boltzmann equation and pointwise convergence for bounded solutions. We also present an initial attempt at a general distributional method and apply these methods to the Bobylev, Krook, and Wu space homogeneous solution of the Boltzmann equation. C1 [Schrock, Christopher R.; Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schrock, CR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1063/1.3562668 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300048 ER PT S AU Josyula, E Vedula, P Bailey, WF Suchyta, CJ AF Josyula, Eswar Vedula, Prakash Bailey, William F. Suchyta, Casimir J., III BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI Kinetic Solution of the Structure of a Shock Wave in a Non-Reactive Gas Mixture SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE Shock Wave Structure; Nonequilibrium; Multi-Species Boltzmann Equation AB The multi-species Boltzmann equation is numerically integrated to characterize the internal structure of a Mach 3 shock wave in a hard sphere gas. The collision integral is evaluated by the conservative discrete ordinate method of Tcheremissine [1]. There was excellent agreement of macroscopic variables with those of Kosuge, Aoki, and Takata. [2] The effect of species concentration and mass ratio on the behavior of macroscopic variables and distribution functions in the structure of the shock wave is considered for both two and three-species gas mixtures. In a binary mixture of gases with different masses and varying concentrations, the temperature overshoot of the parallel component of temperature near the center of the shock wave is highest for the heavy component when the concentration of the heavy component is the smallest. A physical basis for the temperature overshoot is put forth. C1 [Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 910 EP 915 DI 10.1063/1.3562761 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300141 ER PT S AU Kendra, M Mizuno, D Kraemer, K O'Neil, R AF Kendra, Michael Mizuno, Donald Kraemer, Kathleen O'Neil, Robert BE LeVanPaul, D Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Razeghi, M Vizcaino, JLP Sudharsanan, R Ulmer, MP Manzur, T TI Earth Limb Infrared Clutter Model from Measurements SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS AND SINGLE PHOTON IMAGING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications and Single Photon Imaging II CY AUG 22-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE clutter model; power spectral densities; infrared; Midcourse Space Experiment; MSX ID MIDCOURSE SPACE EXPERIMENT; MSX SATELLITE AB Mid-Course Space Experiment (MSX) infrared (IR) observations in the earth limb were used to obtain spatial power spectral densities (PSDs) for five sensor bands over a wide range of earth limb background clutter conditions. These backgrounds include daytime, nighttime, terminator, aurora, polar mesospheric cloud, atmospheric gravity wave, stratospheric warming, airglow, and other observations collected over approximately 100 episodic data collection events. Using a subset of detectors and restricting detector tangent altitude variations, a total of more than 33,000 high-quality PSDs were generated. For infrared detection of unresolved objects where the solid angle of the object is much smaller than the instantaneous field-of-view of a sensor element, the spectral component at high spatial frequencies is a critical metric. PSDs were therefore constructed in the spatial domain using one minute data segments, which allowed spatial scale assessment from 0.01-10 cycles/km. PSDs that met the clutter model selection criteria were identified, accumulated, and processed to obtain a small set of empirical, altitude-based model parameters. We describe the MSX sensor bands, data and data processing employed for PSD generation and final reduction to obtain model parameters. Key model features are discussed with emphasis on object detection against stressing limb backgrounds. The model was constructed in a way that facilitates optical design and system engineering application. In particular, it may be used to address Space Situational Awareness (SSA) questions. C1 [Kendra, Michael; Kraemer, Kathleen] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kendra, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Michael.kendra@us.af.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-765-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8155 AR 81550Q DI 10.1117/12.890199 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF58 UT WOS:000295966100024 ER PT S AU Vella, J Urbas, A AF Vella, Jarrett Urbas, Augustine BE Stockman, MI TI Theoretical modeling of relaxation dynamics in gold nanorod-dye assemblies for fluorescence enhancement SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties IX CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fluorescence; spectroscopy; theory; solvochromism; Onsager; Lippert equation; Lippert-Mataga equation; reaction fields ID NANOPARTICLE; MICROCAVITY; WAVELENGTH; PARTICLES; MOLECULES; EMISSION AB Using metal nanostructures to concentrate optical-frequency electric fields has garnered significant interest in the literature. For example, by combining an organic dye with a nanorod whose plasmon resonance frequency overalps the fluorescence maximum of the dye, a significant enhancement in the fluorescence quantum yield can be observed. The prevalent theory for describing such an enhancement is kinetic and ascribed to an increase in the intrinsic rate of fluorescence, while the rate of non-radiative decay remains constant. Analysis of the literature will reveal that systems exhibiting fluorescence enhancement also show an alteration of the Stokes shift. The traditional kinetic description of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence cannot explain the origin of this shift. Using the well-known theory developed by Onsager and Debye and applied to solvochromism, it will be shown that it is possible to model plasmon-enhanced fluorescence not as an increase in the intrinsic rate of fluorescence, but by a perturbation of the equilibrium, photoexcited dipole moment of an emitter coupled to a gold nanorod. This theory is different from the well-known Gersten-Nitzan model and offers an explanation of the altered Stokes shift in plasmon-enhanced fluorescence systems. C1 [Vella, Jarrett; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vella, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM augustine.urbas@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-706-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8096 AR 80960A DI 10.1117/12.892225 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BXF48 UT WOS:000295962800003 ER PT J AU Seeber, M Zdyrko, B Burtovvy, R Andrukh, T Tsai, CC Owens, JR Kornev, KG Luzinov, I AF Seeber, Michael Zdyrko, Bogdan Burtovvy, Ruslan Andrukh, Taras Tsai, Chen-Chin Owens, Jeffery R. Kornev, Konstantin G. Luzinov, Igor TI Surface grafting of thermoresponsive microgel nanoparticles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LINKABLE PNIPAAM COPOLYMERS; TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE CORE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; POLYMER BRUSHES; DRUG-DELIVERY; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) BRUSHES; POLYSTYRENE LAYERS; THERMAL RESPONSE; HYDROGEL LAYERS AB A monolayer of thermoresponsive microgel nanoparticles, containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), has been anchored to the surface of silicon wafers, glass slides, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers, and tungsten wires using a "grafting to'' approach. The behavior of the synthesized grafted layers is compared with the behavior of the PNIPAM brushes (densely end-grafted layers). The comparison demonstrates that in many aspects the microgel grafted layer is comparable to PNIPAM brushes with respect to its thermoresponsive properties. Indeed, the grafted monolayer swells and collapses reversibly at temperatures below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. For the flat silicon substrate, a wettability study of the grafted layer shows an approximately 20 degrees increase in the advancing contact angle of water upon heating above the LCST of PNIPAM. Wettability data obtained for the tungsten wires indicate that the grafted microgel layer retains its ability to undergo morphological changes when exposed to external temperature variations on complex curved surfaces. Therefore, the microgel-grafted layer can be considered as a system capable of competing with the PNIPAM brushes. C1 [Seeber, Michael; Zdyrko, Bogdan; Burtovvy, Ruslan; Andrukh, Taras; Tsai, Chen-Chin; Kornev, Konstantin G.; Luzinov, Igor] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Owens, Jeffery R.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Tech Div, Airbase Sci Branch, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. RP Luzinov, I (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 161 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM luzinov@clemson.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0826067, CMMI-0825773]; U.S. Air Force [FA8650-09-D-5900] FX The research presented has been supported by the National Science Foundation grants CMMI-0826067 and CMMI-0825773, and the U.S. Air Force contract FA8650-09-D-5900. NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 21 BP 9962 EP 9971 DI 10.1039/c1sm05924f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 835HH UT WOS:000296026700023 ER PT J AU Meuler, AJ Chhatre, SS Nieves, AR Mabry, JM Cohen, RE McKinley, GH AF Meuler, Adam J. Chhatre, Shreerang S. Nieves, Amarilys Rivera Mabry, Joseph M. Cohen, Robert E. McKinley, Gareth H. TI Examination of wettability and surface energy in fluorodecyl POSS/polymer blends SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; ARYL ETHER COPOLYMERS; SOLID-SURFACES; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; HOMOSCEDASTIC ERROR; ERRONEOUS DATA; LIQUID-DROPS; SILSESQUIOXANE; POLYMERS; WATER AB Fluorodecyl Polyhedral Oligomeric SilSesquioxane (POSS) is a low surface energy material (gamma(sv) approximate to 10 mN m(-1)) that has been used as a coating to prepare a variety of liquid repellent surfaces. There are several drawbacks to employing pure fluorodecyl POSS as a coating, including high cost, poor adherence to the underlying substrate, and a lack of optical transparency. One potential strategy for overcoming these shortcomings while retaining liquid repellency is to prepare composite coatings by judiciously blending polymers with fluorodecyl POSS. Here varying amounts of fluorodecyl POSS are blended with commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), and the commercial fluoroelastomer Tecnoflon BR9151. A film of each blend is spin cast onto a silicon wafer and its surface wettability is probed by measuring advancing and receding contact angles of six liquids: water, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, diiodomethane, rapeseed oil, and hexadecane. Surface energy analysis techniques developed by Girifalco, Good, and colleagues are used to extract the hydrogen bond donating (acidic), hydrogen bond accepting (basic), and nonpolar (dispersion) components of the solid surface energy from both advancing and receding contact angle measurements. It is emphasized that a proper assessment of the wetting behavior of a liquid on a surface requires consideration of the complementary acid-base interactions between the solid and the liquid, not just a determination of the polar contribution to the solid surface energy. Maximum liquid repellency is attained in composite PMMA or PEMA films with fluorodecyl POSS loadings of at least 20 wt %. Furthermore, cross-cut adhesion tests reveal that the optically transparent methacrylate-containing fluorodecyl POSS coatings adhere quite strongly to the underlying substrate, unlike the Tecnoflon-containing blends and the pure fluorodecyl POSS. These results will potentially facilitate the incorporation of fluorodecyl POSS into commercial coatings. C1 [Meuler, Adam J.; Chhatre, Shreerang S.; Nieves, Amarilys Rivera; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meuler, Adam J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cohen, RE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM recohen@mit.edu; gareth@mit.edu OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Army Research Office [W911NF-07-D-004]; National Research Council (NRC); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Materials Processing Center; MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE); NSF FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Army Research Office through Contract W911NF-07-D-004. A.J.M. acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC) for a Postdoctoral Fellowship and A.R.N. thanks the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Materials Processing Center and MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE) for support through the NSF REU program. We thank Prof. Michael F. Rubner for the use of the contact angle goniometer, Mr. J. David Smith and Prof. Kripa K. Varanasi for providing the Teflon AF-2400 solution, the CMSE and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies at MIT for the use of various experimental equipment, Ms. Elizabeth L. Shaw for help with the XPS, and Mr. Siddarth Srinivasan for helpful discussions and assistance with the AFM measurements. NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 21 BP 10122 EP 10134 DI 10.1039/c1sm05994g PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 835HH UT WOS:000296026700044 ER PT S AU Rhoby, MR Harley, JL Gross, KC AF Rhoby, Michael R. Harley, Jacob L. Gross, Kevin C. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI IFTS measurements of a laboratory scale laminar flame SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XVI CY AUG 22-23, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS); combustion; laminar flame; flue gas analysis ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY AB A point-and-shoot, passive remote sensing technology is highly desired to accurately monitor the combustion efficiency (CE) of petrochemical flares. A Phase II DOE-funded SBIR effort is being led by Spectral Sciences, Inc. to develop the methodologies needed to enable remote CE measurements via spectral remote sensing. Part of this effort entails standing up a laboratory-scale flare measurement laboratory to develop and validate CE measurements. This paper presents an overview and summarizes current progress of the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) contribution to this multi-organization, two-year effort. As a first step, a Telops Hyper-Cam longwave infrared (LWIR, 750-1300cm(-1) or 7.7-13.3 mu m) imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS) is used to examine a laminar, calibration flame produced by a Hencken burner. Ethylene and propane were combusted under several different fuel/air mixing ratios. For each event, 300 hyperspectral datacubes were collected on a 172(W) x 200(H) pixel window at a 1.5cm(-1) spectral resolution. Each pixel had approximately a 1.5 x 1.5 mm(2) instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV). Structured emission is evident throughout the combustion region with several lines arising from H2O; other lines have not yet been assigned. These first known IFTS measurements of a laminar Hencken-burner flame are presented along with some preliminary analysis. While the laminar flame appears stationary to the eye, significant flame flicker at a fundamental frequency of 17Hz was observed in the LWIR, and this is expected to complicate spectral interpretation for species concentrations and temperature retrieval. Changes to the fuel-air ratio (FAR) produced sizable changes in spectral intensity. Combustion spectra of ethylene and propane corresponding to ideal FAR were nearly identical. C1 [Rhoby, Michael R.; Harley, Jacob L.; Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rhoby, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-768-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8158 AR 81580P DI 10.1117/12.897238 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXC99 UT WOS:000295777500018 ER PT J AU Kattumenu, R Lee, CH Tian, LM McConney, ME Singamaneni, S AF Kattumenu, Ramesh Lee, Chang H. Tian, Limei McConney, Michael E. Singamaneni, Srikanth TI Nanorod decorated nanowires as highly efficient SERS-active hybrids SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ZINC-OXIDE; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES; PLASMON RESONANCE; FIELD-EMISSION; WAVE-GUIDES; SCATTERING AB In order to propel surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing into the real world, novel SERS-active nanostructure designs that enable facile, scalable, cost-effective, highly efficient and homogenous SERS substrates are paramount. We demonstrate the facile fabrication of highly efficient SERS-active 3D nanohybrids based on vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires uniformly decorated with gold nanorods. The dramatic enhancement of the surface area (nearly 20 times) and hence the number of plasmonic nanostructures within the incident laser foot print results in more than three orders of magnitude increase in SERS intensity compared to planar SERS substrates. The SERS enhancement factor was found to be similar to 3 x 10(7) with a detection limit of sub-pM for a non-resonant analyte. Apart from excellent sensitivity, the nanohybrids also exhibited excellent lateral and vertical homogeneity in SERS activity. We believe that under optimal conditions these nanohybrids can surpass the best 2D substrate designs in SERS enhancement and homogeneity. C1 [Kattumenu, Ramesh; Lee, Chang H.; Tian, Limei; Singamaneni, Srikanth] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McConney, Michael E.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singamaneni, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM singamaneni@wustl.edu RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU Army Research Office [W81XWH-11-1-0439]; Center for Materials Innovation at Washington University FX The authors thank Prof. Younan Xia from Biomedical Engineering at Washington University for providing access to confocal Raman microscopy system, Dr. Timothy J. Bunning from Air Force Research lab at Wright Patterson Air Force Base for valuable discussions and Dr. Abdennour Abbas at Washington University for technical help. The work was supported by Army Research Office (W81XWH-11-1-0439) and Center for Materials Innovation at Washington University. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 39 BP 15218 EP 15223 DI 10.1039/c1jm12426a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 825LR UT WOS:000295278000021 ER PT J AU Park, K Drummy, LF Vaia, RA AF Park, Kyoungweon Drummy, Lawrence F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Ag shell morphology on Au nanorod core: role of Ag precursor complex SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEED-MEDIATED GROWTH; GOLD NANORODS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SILVER NANOCUBES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACE; FACETS AB Multicomponent nanostructures have substantial potential in a wide range of applications due to their unique chemical, optical, and magnetic properties, which arise from their architecture, composition, and associated heterojunctions. Colloidal approaches provide synthetic routes to fabricate these multicomponent metal nanostructures; however the complexity of processing parameters many times limits reproducibility and minimization of undesired secondary structures. By comparing the architecture across a diverse set of processing parameters for Ag shell growth on Au nanorods (NRs), we demonstrate that the composition and size of the in situ formed Ag precursor complex are the most critical contribution to the growth mechanism. Systematic control of these characteristics by varying hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration and aging time of the precursor-template solution, as well as pH and temperature of the final reaction solution, enables reproducible and continuous variation of the Ag shell architecture from conformal to rectilinear, and provides a unifying view of prior literature reports. C1 [Park, Kyoungweon; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for financial support. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 66 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 39 BP 15608 EP 15618 DI 10.1039/c1jm12489g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 825LR UT WOS:000295278000074 ER PT J AU Rameshbabu, K Zou, L Kim, C Urbas, A Li, Q AF Rameshbabu, Krishnamurthy Zou, Lu Kim, Chanjoong Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Self-organized photochromic dithienylcyclopentene organogels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SWITCHES; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; SOFT MATERIALS; GELATORS; BISTHIENYLETHENE; DERIVATIVES; CHIRALITY; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN AB A series of photochromic organogelators based on dithienylcyclopentene amides with a phenylene unit as a bridge between the amide and long alkyl chain were synthesized, their gelation behaviors were characterized by rheology, FT-IR, H-1 NMR, SEM, optical microscopy, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. These organogelator molecules were found to be able to induce gelation in apolar solvents such as benzene, toluene and p-xylene to form entangled networks driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding together with pi-pi interactions. Their excellent reversible photochromism with thermal stability in both solution and gel states was observed, and the thermally reversible property in sol-gel transition was exhibited. C1 [Rameshbabu, Krishnamurthy; Zou, Lu; Kim, Chanjoong; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Kim, Chanjoong/B-1406-2010 OI Kim, Chanjoong/0000-0001-5349-038X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254]; Department of Energy [DOE DE-SC0001412] FX The work is partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254), the Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0001412), and the National Science Foundation (NSF IIP 0750379). We thank A. Gericke for the use of his characterization equipment and Y. Li for spectroscopic assistance. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 39 BP 15673 EP 15677 DI 10.1039/c1jm13342j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 825LR UT WOS:000295278000082 ER PT S AU Hack, DE Saville, MA AF Hack, Daniel E. Saville, Michael A. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Analysis of SAR Moving Grid Processing for Focusing and Detection of Ground Moving Targets SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVIII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE GMTI; SAR; SAR-GMTI; moving grid processing; moving target focusing ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB This paper investigates the performance of single-channel SAR-GMTI systems in the focusing and detection of translating ground targets moving in the presence of a clutter background. Specifically, focusing and detection performance is investigated by applying the Moving Grid Processing (MGP) focusing technique to a scene containing an accelerating target moving in the presence of both uniform and correlated K-distributed clutter backgrounds. The increase in detection sensitivity resulting from the focusing operation is found to result from two separable effects, target focusing and clutter defocusing. While the detection sensitivity gain due to target focusing is common for both clutter types, the gain due to clutter defocusing is found to be significantly greater for textured clutter than for uniform clutter, by approximately 5 to 6 dB in the simulated scenario under consideration. This paper concludes with a discussion of the phenomenological causes for this difference and implications of this finding for single channel SAR-GMTI systems operating in heterogeneous clutter environments. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Saville, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.hack@dynetics.com RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-625-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8051 AR 80510S DI 10.1117/12.884277 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWW02 UT WOS:000295118700022 ER PT S AU Jackson, JA Brady, P AF Jackson, Julie Ann Brady, Patrick BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Radar Target Classification Using Morphological Image Processing SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVIII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE morphological image processing; automatic target recognition; synthetic aperture radar ID SAR ATR AB Morphological operators are commonly used in image processing. We study their suitability for use in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image enhancement and target classification. Morphological operations are nonlinear operators defined by set theory. The dilation and erosion operations grow or shrink image features that match to a predefined structuring element. The opening and closing operations are combinations of successive dilation and erosion. These morphological operations can visually emphasize scattering of interest in an image. We investigate whether these operations can also improve target classification performance. The operators are nonlinear and image dependent; thus we cannot predict performance without empirical testing. We test and evaluate the morphological operators using simulated and measured SAR data. Results show the dilation operator is most promising for increasing match score and separation between classes in the decision space. C1 [Jackson, Julie Ann; Brady, Patrick] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-625-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8051 AR 805114 DI 10.1117/12.883452 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWW02 UT WOS:000295118700034 ER PT J AU Sadeh, E AF Sadeh, Eligar BE Sadeh, E TI Politics of Space SO POLITICS OF SPACE: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXPORT CONTROLS C1 [Sadeh, Eligar] Astroconsulting Int, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] Univ Colorado, Ctr Space Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] USAF Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] George Washington Univ, Inst Space Policy, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Sadeh, E (reprint author), Astroconsulting Int, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-419-4 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 28 PG 26 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE18 UT WOS:000293731000002 ER PT J AU Sadeh, E AF Sadeh, Eligar BE Sadeh, E TI THE POLITICS OF SPACE A SURVEY FIRST EDITION Foreword SO POLITICS OF SPACE: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sadeh, Eligar] Astroconsulting Int, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] Univ Colorado, Ctr Space Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] USAF Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] George Washington Univ, Inst Space Policy, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Sadeh, E (reprint author), Astroconsulting Int, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-419-4 PY 2011 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE18 UT WOS:000293731000001 ER PT J AU Hays, PL AF Hays, Peter L. BE Sadeh, E TI National Security Space SO POLITICS OF SPACE: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hays, Peter L.] SAIC, Dept Def, Frederick, MD USA. [Hays, Peter L.] SAIC, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Frederick, MD USA. [Hays, Peter L.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hays, Peter L.] White House Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Hays, Peter L.] USAF Acad, Space Policy Courses, Sch Adv Airpower Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hays, Peter L.] Natl Def Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Hays, PL (reprint author), SAIC, Dept Def, Frederick, MD USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-419-4 PY 2011 BP 29 EP 57 PG 29 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE18 UT WOS:000293731000003 ER PT S AU Anderson, JR Hawks, MR Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Anderson, Joel R. Hawks, Michael R. Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Henry, DJ Cheng, BT VonBerg, DCL Young, DL TI Flight test of an imaging O-2(X-b) monocular passive ranging instrument SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VIII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Monocular passive ranging; oxygen absorption; airborne imaging; near infrared; flight test AB An instrument for monocular passive ranging based on atmospheric oxygen absorption near 762 nm has been designed, built and deployed to track emissive targets. An intensified CCD array is coupled to variable band pass liquid crystal filter and 3.5 - 8.8 degree field of view optics. The system was first deployed for a ground test viewing a static jet engine in afterburner at ranges of 0.35 - 4.8 km, establishing a range error of 15%. The instrument was also flight tested in a C-12 imaging an the exhaust plume of another aircraft afterburner at ranges up to 11 km. C1 [Anderson, Joel R.; Hawks, Michael R.; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-594-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8020 AR 802005 DI 10.1117/12.883484 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWU69 UT WOS:000294911100005 ER PT S AU Steward, BJ Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Steward, Bryan J. Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Henry, DJ Cheng, BT VonBerg, DCL Young, DL TI Reduction of optically observed artillery blast wave trajectories using low dimensionality models SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VIII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE muzzle blast; artillery; blast wave; point blast; high speed imagery; optical characterization ID MUZZLE BLAST; JET AB Muzzle blast trajectories from firings of a 152 mm caliber gun howitzer were obtained with high-speed optical imagers and used to assess the fidelity with which low dimensionality models can be used for data reduction. Characteristic flow regions were defined for the blast waves. The near-field region was estimated to extend to 0.98 - 1.25 meters from the muzzle and the far-field region was estimated to begin at 2.61 - 3.31 meters. Blast wave geometries and radial trajectories were collected in the near through far-fields with visible imagers operating at 1,600 Hz. Beyond the near-field the blast waves exhibited a near-spherical geometry in which the major axis of the blast lay along the axis of the gun barrel and measured within 95% of the minor axis. Several blast wave propagation models were applied to the mid and far-field data to determine their ability to reduce the blast wave trajectories to fewer parameters while retaining the ability to distinguish amongst three munitions configurations. A total of 147 firings were observed and used to assess within-configuration variability relative to separation between configurations. Results show that all models perform well, and drag and point blast model parameters additionally provide insight into phenomenology of the blast. C1 [Steward, Bryan J.; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steward, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bryan.steward@us.af.mil; kevin.gross@afit.edu; glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-594-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8020 AR 80200D DI 10.1117/12.883524 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWU69 UT WOS:000294911100012 ER PT J AU Klein, G AF Klein, Gary BE Sinclair, M TI Expert intuition and naturalistic decision making SO HANDBOOK OF INTUITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTION-GENERATION; COGNITION; JUDGMENT C1 [Klein, Gary] MacroCognition LLC, Yellow Springs, OH USA. [Klein, Gary] Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Klein, Gary] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klein, G (reprint author), MacroCognition LLC, Yellow Springs, OH USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-888-9 PY 2011 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BWD45 UT WOS:000293622500007 ER PT S AU Smith, ML Heitfeld, K Tchoul, M Vaia, RA AF Smith, Matthew L. Heitfeld, Kevin Tchoul, Maxim Vaia, Richard A. BE MartinPalma, RJ Lakhtakia, A TI Chemical wave characterization of self-oscillating gelatin and polyacrylamide gels SO BIOINSPIRATION, BIOMIMETICS, AND BIOREPLICATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication CY MAR 07-09, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE responsive hydrogel; Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction; autonomic material; biomimetic ID BELOUSOV-ZHABOTINSKY REACTION; POLYMER GELS; ACID; SYSTEMS AB Self-oscillating hydrogels driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction provide a unique foundation for the mimicry of autonomic biological systems. One of the key challenges for assessing practical performance limits of these materials is detailed knowledge of the chemical and mechanical characteristics of the BZ gels at various states of autonomic behavior. Recently we developed two BZ gel systems based on gelatin and polyacrylamide. The desired chemical response for effective swelling-deswelling oscillation and mechanical force production involves a delicate balance of chemical wave period, amplitude, and gel swelling properties. The chemical performance of gelatin and polyacrylamide BZ gels according to this criteria is discussed. C1 [Smith, Matthew L.; Tchoul, Maxim; Vaia, Richard A.] AFRL, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), AFRL, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-537-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7975 AR 79750A DI 10.1117/12.880939 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWT18 UT WOS:000294773800007 ER PT S AU Rummelt, NI Barrows, GL Massie, MA AF Rummelt, Nicholas I. Barrows, Geoffrey L. Massie, Mark A. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Hexagonal Sampling in the Infrared Domain: an Introduction to Array Set Addressing SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVII CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hexagonal grid; hexagonal imaging; hexagonal addressing; hexagonal sensors; infrared FPAs; on-FPA processing AB It has been known since the early 1960s that hexagonal sampling is the optimal sampling approach for isotropically band-limited images, providing a 13.4% improvement in sampling efficiency over rectangular sampling. Despite this fact and other significant advantages of hexagonal sampling, rectangular sampling is still used for virtually all modern digital image processing systems. This is arguably due to the lack of an efficient addressing system for hexagonal grids. Array set addressing (ASA) is a recent advance in addressing hexagonal grids that allows image processing techniques to be performed efficiently on hexagonally sampled images. This paper will describe ASA and discuss its advantages. With ASA, a renewed interest in sensors that sample hexagonally is occurring. We will describe a new visible imager that simultaneously samples both hexagonally and rectangularly. This novel research tool has the ability to provide real imagery that can be used to quantitatively compare the performance of an image processing operation on both hexagonally sampled and rectangularly sampled images. We will also describe current efforts and plans for future visible sensors that sample hexagonally. The advantages of hexagonal sampling are not limited to the visible domain and should be equally realizable in the infrared domain. This paper will discuss considerations for developing infrared sensors that sample hexagonally. On-focal plane array (FPA) processing, readout architectures, detector materials, and bump-bonding are among the topics to be discussed. C1 [Rummelt, Nicholas I.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Rummelt, NI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM nicholas.rummelt@eglin.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-586-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8012 AR 80120I DI 10.1117/12.896888 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS70 UT WOS:000294735100017 ER PT S AU Han, KJ Hodge, M Ross, VW AF Han, Keesook J. Hodge, Matthew Ross, Virginia W. BE Carapezza, EM TI Entropy-based heavy tailed distribution transformation and visual analytics for monitoring massive network traffic SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense X CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Entropy-Based Heavy Tailed Distribution Transformation (EHTDT); visual analytics of massive data; Quality of Services; network traffic characterization; statistical processing; overdispersion; mixture of heavy tailed distribution; linearization ID OVERDISPERSION AB For monitoring network traffic, there is an enormous cost in collecting, storing, and analyzing network traffic datasets. Data mining based network traffic analysis has a growing interest in the cyber security community, but is computationally expensive for finding correlations between attributes in massive network traffic datasets. To lower the cost and reduce computational complexity, it is desirable to perform feasible statistical processing on effective reduced datasets instead of on the original full datasets. Because of the dynamic behavior of network traffic, traffic traces exhibit mixtures of heavy tailed statistical distributions or overdispersion. Heavy tailed network traffic characterization and visualization are important and essential tasks to measure network performance for the Quality of Services. However, heavy tailed distributions are limited in their ability to characterize real-time network traffic due to the difficulty of parameter estimation. The Entropy-Based Heavy Tailed Distribution Transformation (EHTDT) was developed to convert the heavy tailed distribution into a transformed distribution to find the linear approximation. The EHTDT linearization has the advantage of being amenable to characterize and aggregate overdispersion of network traffic in real-time. Results of applying the EHTDT for innovative visual analytics to real network traffic data are presented. C1 [Han, Keesook J.; Ross, Virginia W.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Han, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Keesook.Han@rl.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-593-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8019 AR 80190B DI 10.1117/12.884388 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS81 UT WOS:000294757600007 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Donoghue, J Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Donoghue, John Kierstead, John BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Plasmonic modulation using high-frequency current SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS V: ADVANCE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems V - Advance Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE modulator; plasmons ID ACTIVE PLASMONICS AB We propose a new optical plasmonic modulator consisting of an electrically modulated corrugated metallic grating for coupling-in and coupling-out light, and a limited-aperture detector. The coupling-out angles oscillate with the external modulation, while the demodulation is decoded through the limited-aperture detector. There are several operating mechanisms behind this modulation; however, the most prominent one, at low currents, is due to the beats between the plasmon oscillations and the external applied electrical field modulation. We derived the device theory and found that the beats split the plasmon into two oscillating frequencies and two speeds, while keeping the propagation constant for both. Preliminary observations of all operating mechanisms of this device have been investigated experimentally. Modulation in the GHz regime was detected, and it is expected that this modulation can be pushed further up to sub-THz frequencies using appropriate signal generators. C1 [Khoury, Jed] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-597-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8023 AR 80230Z DI 10.1117/12.883538 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWU64 UT WOS:000294901700028 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Donoghue, JJ Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Donoghue, John J. Kierstead, John BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Plasmonic parametric oscillator via coupling between optically and electrically induced plasmons SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS V: ADVANCE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems V - Advance Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE plasmons; nonlinear optics; parametric oscillator; frequency conversion; lasers ID THZ; SPECTROSCOPY AB In this paper, we propose a plasmonic parametric oscillator. The device is based on coupling between optically generated and electrically induced surface plasmon waves. The device can be used for a variety of applications involving spectrum analysis, widely tunable electromagnetic emitters, heterodyne detection, and amplification. We developed Maxwell's equations based on the theoretical model of the coupling between plasmons and electrically induced plasmons. Electrically induced plasmons are generated when a current is injected in the vicinity of a metallic grating. The coupling between the two kinds of plasmon bands is dependent on the skin depth of each. The skin depth of an optically generated plasmon is well known, while the skin depth of an electrically induced plasmon vanishes as the grating frequency becomes small or the injected current becomes large. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-597-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8023 AR 80230Y DI 10.1117/12.883527 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWU64 UT WOS:000294901700027 ER PT S AU Ostrow, SA Lombardi, JP Coutu, RA AF Ostrow, Scott A., II Lombardi, Jack P., III Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. BE Allen, RD Somervell, MH TI Using positive photomasks to pattern SU-8 masking layers for fabricating inverse MEMS structures SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXVIII CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); bulk micromachining; lithography; image reversal; unexposed SU-8; uncrosslinked SU-8 ID NEGATIVE RESIST; MICROFABRICATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB This paper discusses a novel processing technique that uses a combination of negative and positive photoresists for use with positive photomasks, resulting in masking layers suitable for bulk micromachining in the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). MicroChem's negative photoresist Nano (TM) SU-8 and Clariant's image reversal photoresist AZ 5214E are utilized, along with a barrier layer, to effectively convert a positive photomask into a negative photomask. This technique allows for the use of positive photomasks with negative resists, which opens the door to the ability to create complementary mechanical structures without the fabrication delays and cost associated with having to obtain a negative photomask. Furthermore, the SU-8 mask created is robust enough to withstand the bulk micromachining and aggressive etch chemistries needed to create MEMS structures. This processing technique was successfully demonstrated by translating a positive photomask to an SU-8 layer that was then utilized as a mask to etch trenches and other features into a silicon substrate. C1 [Ostrow, Scott A., II; Lombardi, Jack P., III; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ostrow, SA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-531-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7972 AR 79722J DI 10.1117/12.881653 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWM06 UT WOS:000294216900077 ER PT B AU Branson, R Blakeman, TC Rodriquez, D AF Branson, Richard Blakeman, Thomas C. Rodriquez, Dario BE Esquinas, AM TI Mechanical Ventilation in Disaster Management SO APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES IN PULMONARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CASUALTY RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; CRITICAL-CARE; MASS; EPIDEMICS; CAPACITY C1 [Branson, Richard; Blakeman, Thomas C.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario] USAF, Univ Hosp, Cincinnati CSTARS, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Branson, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma & Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Richard.branson@uc.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-8055-9584-1 PY 2011 BP 238 EP 245 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA BSN62 UT WOS:000285026500041 ER PT S AU Knox, KT Easton, RL Christens-Barry, WA Boydston, K AF Knox, Keith T. Easton, Roger L., Jr. Christens-Barry, William A. Boydston, Kenneth BE Stork, DG Coddington, J BentkowskaKafel, A TI Recovery of handwritten text from the diaries and papers of David Livingstone SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS OF ART II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computer Vision and Image Analysis of Art II CY JAN 25-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Palimpsests; spectral imaging; pseudocolor; principal component analysis AB During his explorations of Africa, David Livingstone kept a diary and wrote letters about his experiences. Near the end of his travels, he ran out of paper and ink and began recording his thoughts on leftover newspaper with ink made from local seeds. These writings suffer from fading, from interference with the printed text and from bleed through of the handwriting on the other side of the paper, making them hard to read. New image processing techniques have been developed to deal with these papers to make Livingstone's handwriting available to the scholars to read. A scan of the David Livingstone's papers was made using a twelve-wavelength, multispectral imaging system. The wavelengths ranged from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. In these wavelengths, the three different types of writing behave differently, making them distinguishable from each other. So far, three methods have been used to recover Livingstone's handwriting. These include pseudocolor (to make the different writings distinguishable), spectral band ratios (to remove text that does not change), and principal components analysis (to separate the different writings). In initial trials, these techniques have been able to lift handwriting off printed text and have suppressed handwriting that has bled through from the other side of the paper. C1 [Knox, Keith T.] USAF, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Knox, KT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 535 Lipoa Pkwy, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8406-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7869 AR 786909 DI 10.1117/12.877135 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWD62 UT WOS:000293633300007 ER PT S AU Reynolds, WD Doyle, D Arritt, B AF Reynolds, Whitney D. lx Doyle, Derek Arritt, Brandon BE Kundu, T TI Wave Propagation in Isogrid Structures SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2011 CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE structural health monitoring; damage localization; isogrid; satellite ID WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS; MODE AB This work focuses on an analysis of wave propagation in isogrid structures as it relates to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods. Assembly, integration, and testing (AI&T) of satellite structures in preparation for launch includes significant time for testing and reworking any issues that may arise. SHM methods are being investigated as a means to validate the structure during assembly and truncate the number of tests needed to qualify the structure for the launch environment. The most promising of these SHM methods uses an active wave-based method in which an actuator propagates a Lamb wave through the structure; the Lamb wave is then received by a sensor and evaluated over time to detect structural changes. To date this method has proven effective in locating structural defects in a complex satellite panel; however, the attributes associated with the first wave arrival change significantly as the wave travels through ribs and joining features. Previous studies have been conducted in simplified ribbed structures, giving initial insight into the complex wave propagation phenomena. In this work, the study has been extended numerically to the isogrid plate case. Wave propagation was modeled using commercial finite element analysis software. The results of the analyses offer further insight into the complexities of wave propagation in isogrid structures. C1 [Reynolds, Whitney D. lx; Doyle, Derek; Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Reynolds, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-546-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7984 AR 798402 DI 10.1117/12.879829 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWQ88 UT WOS:000294550700002 ER PT J AU Hammond, GD Gresch, EB Vitale, DC AF Hammond, Gregory D. Gresch, Eric B. Vitale, Dean C. TI Homegrown process improvement employing a change message model SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Organizational change; Communication; Participation; Change management; Public sector organizations ID ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; FIELD EXPERIMENT; DECISION-MAKING; RESISTANCE; READINESS; SCALE; PERCEPTIONS; PREDICTORS; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for the employee-led development of a planned organizational change. Design/methodology/approach - The authors, as action researchers, aid a large public sector organization through the diagnosis and planning of an organizational change. The data were collected via mixed method web-based surveys, while the change development and implementation planning leveraged change-cynical opinion leaders from within the organization to develop the focal change. Findings - Communication and participation transformed the cynics into change agents. Furthermore, the described technique can help organizations develop a sense of self-reliance with regards to problem-solving capabilities. Originality/value - While the importance of communication is well-known, this effort used change communication as an a priori tool in the development of a planned change. This method enabled team members to focus on helping their peers accept the change in addition to meeting operational requirements. Furthermore, using change cynics as the principal participants in the change development enabled the organization to garner support from its toughest critics. C1 [Hammond, Gregory D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Gresch, Eric B.] Georgia Gwinnett Coll, Sch Business, Lawrenceville, GA USA. [Vitale, Dean C.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Fairborn, OH USA. RP Hammond, GD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM gdhammond@wisc.edu OI Hammond, Gregory D./0000-0002-8433-5152 NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4814 EI 1758-7816 J9 J ORGAN CHANGE MANAG JI J. Organ. Chang. Manage. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 487 EP 510 DI 10.1108/09534811111144638 PG 24 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 817FO UT WOS:000294656900006 ER PT S AU Dolce, PF Cain, SC AF Dolce, Paul F. Cain, Stephen C. BE Bouman, CA Pollak, I Wolfe, PJ TI An Expectation Maximization Solution for Fusing 2-D and 3-D LADAR Data SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging IX CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, GE Healthcare DE Range Estimation; LADAR; Expectation Maximization; Data Fusion AB LADAR (LAser Detection and Ranging) systems can be used to provide 2-D and 3-D images of scenes. Generally, 2-D images possess superior spatial resolution without range data due to the density of their focal plane arrays. A 3-D LADAR system can produce range to target data at each pixel, but lacks the 2-D system's superior spatial resolution. It is the goal of this work to develop an algorithm using an Expectation Maximization approach for fusing 2-D and 3-D LADAR data. The algorithm developed demonstrates both spatial and range resolution improvement using simulated 2-D and 3-D LADAR data. C1 [Dolce, Paul F.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dolce, PF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8410-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7873 AR 78730W DI 10.1117/12.871794 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWF30 UT WOS:000293787600024 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Cigrang, JA Isler, WC AF Peterson, Alan L. Cigrang, Jeffrey A. Isler, William C. BE Freeman, SM Moore, BA Freeman, A TI Future Directions: Trauma, Resilience, and Recovery Research SO LIVING AND SURVIVING IN HARMS WAY: A PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT HANDBOOK FOR PRE- AND POST-DEPLOYMENT OF MILITARY PERSONNEL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; PROCESSING THERAPY; RAPE VICTIMS; 5 SESSIONS; FRONTLINE TREATMENT C1 [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Peterson, Alan L.; Cigrang, Jeffrey A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] STRONG STAR Multidisciplinary PTSD Res Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cigrang, Jeffrey A.; Isler, William C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-89390-6 PY 2011 BP 467 EP 491 PG 25 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUU04 UT WOS:000290304900024 ER PT B AU Heyman, RE Slep, AMS Nelson, JP AF Heyman, Richard E. Slep, Amy M. Smith Nelson, John P. BE Wadsworth, SM Riggs, D TI Empirically Guided Community Intervention for Partner Abuse, Child Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Misuse SO RISK AND RESILIENCE IN U S MILITARY FAMILIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PREVENTION PROGRAMS; HEALTH; FAMILY; CARE; DEPRESSION; COALITIONS; VIOLENCE; SCIENCE; TRIAL; RISK AB This chapter describes an initial implementation and evaluation of NORTH STAR, a community-based framework for the prevention of family maltreatment, suicidality, and substance problems. NORTH STAR was evaluated using existing installation-level prevention teams at 24 U.S. Air Force bases worldwide in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). NORTH STAR organizes teams' prevention efforts by (a) providing the results of a needs assessment focused both on problems and risk/promotive factors, (b) prioritizing among problems and associated factors, (c) implementing activities from a menu of empirically supported community-based initiatives for each risk factor, (d) evaluating those activities, and (e) ensuring sustainability through a reliance on preexisting resources. NORTH STAR had promising results, appearing to reduce some problems, especially in communities with more adverse prevention climates. The implications of our efforts for community-wide prevention generally and within the U.S. Air Force are considered. C1 [Heyman, Richard E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Family Translat Res Grp, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Nelson, John P.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Heyman, RE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Family Translat Res Grp, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Richard.heyman@stonybrook.edu NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7063-3 PY 2011 BP 85 EP 107 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA BSJ70 UT WOS:000284727200005 ER PT J AU Thomas, JC Meeke, H French, LS AF Thomas, Jay C. Meeke, Heidi French, Lisa Selthon BE Thomas, JC Hersen, M TI Planning Data Collection and Performing Analyses SO UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; HYPOTHESIS; KNOWLEDGE; SCIENCE; ERROR C1 [Thomas, Jay C.] Univ Pacific, Sch Profess Psychol, Hillsboro, OR 97123 USA. [French, Lisa Selthon] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Thomas, JC (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Sch Profess Psychol, Hillsboro, OR 97123 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-83170-0 PY 2011 BP 293 EP 316 PG 24 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BUP10 UT WOS:000289949300013 ER PT S AU McNicholl, PJ Dao, PD AF McNicholl, Patrick J. Dao, Phan D. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Improved correlation determination for intensity interferometers SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hanbury Brown Twiss; intensity interferometry; phase retrieval; photon counting AB To image astronomical objects, the Hanbury Brown Twiss (HBT) technique involves measuring intensity correlation for an array of telescopes. The correlation of the intensity fluctuations is a measure of the magnitude of the coherence and can be used to retrieve the intensity distribution of the source using the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem. For low spectral irradiance sources, coincidence counting using modern techniques can drastically reduce data storage/processing requirements as well as allowing for optimization of the effective SNR bandwidth. In counting Intensity Interferometry (II), count fluctuations are measured instead of intensity fluctuations as with an analog II. Those are the two II techniques currently reported in the literature. Since the successful width measurements of bright stars by HBT in the 70's, advances in detectors promise opportunities to apply II to dimmer non-point source objects. To improve SNRs, we propose a new data processing technique for measuring correlation in the low light regime that ensures maximum bandwidth allowed by the reproducibility of photon pulses. C1 [McNicholl, Patrick J.; Dao, Phan D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP McNicholl, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-607-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8033 AR 803313 DI 10.1117/12.883405 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWL86 UT WOS:000294206400025 ER PT B AU Topp, K Desjardins, JH AF Topp, Kelly Desjardins, Jon H. BE Wolf, JA Hanson, H Moir, MJ TI SPAN OF CONTROL Designing Organizations for Effectiveness SO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT IN HEALTH CARE: HIGH IMPACT PRACTICES FOR A COMPLEX AND CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE Contemporary Trends in Organization Development and Change LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As organizations strive to be more effective, one of the variables they consider is how many direct reports their leaders can effectively manage; this is referred to as span of control (SOC). Although much research has been Conducted on this topic, the literature does not identify an optimal SOC for leaders; appropriate SOCs reported in the literature range from 5 to 30. This is due to the significant number of factors that need to be taken into consideration when determining the optimal number of direct reports for a manager. These factors fall into four categories: employee characteristics, manager characteristics, work characteristics, and organization characteristics. Central questions explored in this chapter are whether or not it is appropriate, given the complexity of health care, to have SOCs that are more than double what they are in less complex industries and what can be done to optimize the number of direct reports a manager might have. This chapter concludes with a case study that explains a systematic approach for exploring, analyzing, and optimizing an organization's SOC, while highlighting the role of the OD practitioner in this process. C1 [Desjardins, Jon H.] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-351-2 J9 CONT TREND ORGAN DEV PY 2011 BP 211 EP 230 PG 20 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Management SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA BTX25 UT WOS:000288356600012 ER PT S AU Anisimov, I Dooley, SB AF Anisimov, Igor Dooley, Sarah B. BE Thompson, WE McManamon, PF TI Optical Characterization of MEMS Micro-Mirror Arrays Using Digital Holographic Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor: a New Technique SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS; Digital Holographic Imaging; Beam Steering; Interferometer; Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor AB Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Micro-Mirror Arrays (MMAs) are widely used in advanced laser beam steering systems and as adaptive optical elements. The new generation of MEMS MMAs are fabricated by bulk micromachining of a single Silicon-On-Insulator wafer. Optical characterization of MEMS MMAs can be done by direct detection of the reflected beams or by using more advanced wavefront measuring techniques, such as a phase-shifting interferometer or Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. In the case of an interferometer, the geometry of the tested MMA can be calculated after performing the phase unwrapping procedure, which can be quite complex. In the latter case of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, careful selection of a high-quality array of microlenses is required in order to match the capabilities of the wavefront sensor to the measured wavefront produced by the MMA. The presented digital Shack-Hartmann technique is a modified approach for wavefront characterization based on digital processing of the interferometer data. The optical wavefront from the tested MMA is mixed with the reference wavefront. Then the recorded interference intensity image is Fourier transformed producing digitally synthesized images of the optical beams in the far field. Therefore, the digital version of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor does not require the use of an array of microlenses and is primarily limited by the detector array geometry. One can digitally generate any configuration of subapertures corresponding to various geometries of microlenses. However, this new technique does require coherent optical mixing of the two wavefronts in order to produce the interference pattern. C1 [Anisimov, Igor; Dooley, Sarah B.] USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Anisimov, I (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-626-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8052 AR 80520O DI 10.1117/12.885482 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWE44 UT WOS:000293740900016 ER EF