FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Vincent, RA Hawks, MR AF Vincent, R. Anthony Hawks, Michael R. BE Thompson, WE McManamon, PF TI Passive Ranging of Dynamic Rocket Plumes using Infrared and Visible Oxygen Attenuation SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Monocular Passive Ranging; Band Averaged Absorption; Rocket Plume Emission; Atmospheric Absorption Bands; Radiative Transfer Modeling AB Atmospheric oxygen absorption bands in observed spectra of boost phase missiles can be used to accurately estimate range from sensor to target. One method is to compare observed values of band averaged absorption to radiative transfer models. This is most effective using bands where there is a single absorbing species. This work compares spectral attenuation of two oxygen absorption bands in the near-infrared (NIR) and visible (Vis) spectrum, centered at 762 nm and 690 nm, to passively determine range. Spectra were observed from a static test of a full-scale solid rocket motor at a 900m range. The NIR O-2 band provided range estimates accurate to within 3%, while the Vis O-2 band had a range error of 15%. A Falcon 9 rocket launch at an initial range of 13km was also tracked and observed for 90 seconds after ignition. The NIR O-2 band provided in-flight range estimates accurate to within 2% error for the first 30 seconds of tracked observation. The Vis O-2 band also provided accurate range estimates with an error of approximately 4%. Rocket plumes are expected to be significantly brighter at longer wavelengths, but absorption in the NIR band is nearly ten times stronger than the Vis band, causing saturation at shorter path lengths. An atmospheric band is considered saturated when all the in-band frequencies emitted from the rocket plume are absorbed before reaching the sensor. C1 [Vincent, R. Anthony; Hawks, Michael R.] USA, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Vincent, RA (reprint author), USA, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-626-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8052 AR 80520D DI 10.1117/12.883470 PG 16 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWE44 UT WOS:000293740900008 ER PT S AU Watson, EA AF Watson, Edward A. BE Thompson, WE McManamon, PF TI Conformal apertures: concepts and requirements SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Optical phased array; aperture synthesis; image synthesis AB Architectures for a conformal electro-optical aperture that is based on a collection of subapertures are considered. Such architectures have different requirements for passive and active systems. In this paper we consider requirements for active systems. In particular we consider concepts for measuring the scattered illumination field at the subaperture. We discuss requirements on the subapertures, such as phasing and steering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watson, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edward.watson@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-626-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8052 AR 805205 DI 10.1117/12.887397 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWE44 UT WOS:000293740900003 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Smith, MJ AF Bunker, Christopher E. Smith, Marcus J. TI Nanoparticles for hydrogen generation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM(0) NANOCLUSTERS CATALYST; HIGHLY-ACTIVE CATALYSTS; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; AMMONIA-BORANE; ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; HYDROLYTIC DEHYDROGENATION; STABILIZED RUTHENIUM(0); COBALT(0) NANOCLUSTERS; NICKEL(0) NANOCLUSTERS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION AB In this Highlight article, we review recent progress in the application to nanoparticles for hydrogen generation. We focus primarily on reactive nanoparticles that produce hydrogen through chemical reaction and nanoparticle catalysts that promote hydrogen release from high hydrogen content materials. The area of nanoparticle photocatalysts is briefly mentioned for completeness. To facilitate comparison of the various approaches, we report mass normalized hydrogen generation rates for the papers reviewed. These values are determined using the reported experimental data. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.; Smith, Marcus J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Christopher.Bunker@wpafb.af.mil NR 91 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 33 BP 12173 EP 12180 DI 10.1039/c1jm10856e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 804ZH UT WOS:000293694700001 ER PT S AU Iacono, ST Peloquin, AJ Smith, DW Mabry, JM AF Iacono, Scott T. Peloquin, Andrew J. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Mabry, Joseph M. BE HartmannThompson, C TI Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane Surfaces and Superhydrophobicity SO APPLICATIONS OF POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES SE Advances in Silicon Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES; COPOLYMERS; POSS; POLYMERS; BLENDS C1 [Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Peloquin, Andrew J.] USAF, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. [Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Engn Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3108 BN 978-90-481-3786-2 J9 ADV SILICON SCI PY 2011 VL 3 BP 229 EP 246 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3787-9_6 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BTI96 UT WOS:000287048400006 ER PT B AU Pagnotto, MR Klatt, BA AF Pagnotto, Michael R. Klatt, Brian A. BE Parvizi, J Klatt, BA TI AVOIDING AND OVERCOMING YOUR NIGHTMARES SO ESSENTIALS IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; PERONEAL NERVE PALSY; MEDIAL SIDE; REPLACEMENT; STIFFNESS; COMPLICATIONS; ARTERIAL; INJURY; MANIPULATION; COMPARTMENT C1 [Pagnotto, Michael R.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Rothman Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Pagnotto, MR (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-851-7 PY 2011 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BTN09 UT WOS:000287380900012 ER PT B AU Steele, GD Klatt, BA AF Steele, Garen Daxton Klatt, Brian A. BE Parvizi, J Klatt, BA TI PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY SO ESSENTIALS IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FEMORAL FRACTURES; SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES; INTERNAL-FIXATION; FEMUR; MANAGEMENT; REPLACEMENTS; TIBIA C1 [Steele, Garen Daxton] Wilmington Orthoped Grp, Wilmington, NC USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Klatt, Brian A.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Rothman Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Steele, GD (reprint author), Wilmington Orthoped Grp, Wilmington, NC USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-851-7 PY 2011 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BTN09 UT WOS:000287380900018 ER PT S AU Heiderscheidt, JL Illangasekare, TH Borden, RC Thomson, NR AF Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L. Illangasekare, Tissa H. Borden, Robert C. Thomson, Neil R. BE Siegrist, RL Crimi, M Simpkin, TJ TI PRINCIPLES OF ISCO RELATED SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT AND MODELING SO IN SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SE SERDP ESTCP Remediation Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; NATURAL OXIDANT DEMAND; LIMITED MASS-TRANSFER; PUMP-AND-TREAT; POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SOURCE ZONES C1 [Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Borden, Robert C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Thomson, Neil R.] Univ Waterloo, Water Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Thomson, Neil R.] Univ Waterloo, Environm Modeling & Anal Grp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Illangasekare, Tissa H.] Colorado Sch Mines, AMAX Chair Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heiderscheidt, JL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 183 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1869-6864 BN 978-1-4419-7825-7 J9 SERDP ESTCP REMEDIAT PY 2011 BP 233 EP 284 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4 PG 52 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BUN93 UT WOS:000289869300006 ER PT S AU Pettyjohn, EN AF Pettyjohn, Erin N. BE Epstein, R SheikBahae, M TI USAF Space Sensing Cryogenic Considerations SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids IV CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE air force; cryogenic; cryocooler; efficiency; satellite; space; payload; AFRL AB Infrared (IR) space sensing missions of the future depend on low mass, highly capable imaging technologies. Limitations in visible imaging due to the earth's shadow drive the use of IR surveillance methods for a wide variety of applications. Utilization of IR sensors greatly improves mission capabilities including target behavioral discrimination. Background IR emissions and electronic noise that is inherently present in Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) and surveillance optics bench designs obviates their use unless they are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The interaction between cryogenic refrigeration component performance and the IR sensor optics and FPA can be seen as not only mission enabling but also as mission performance enhancing when the refrigeration system is considered as part of an overall optimization problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettyjohn, EN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-488-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7951 AR 795102 DI 10.1117/12.878962 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWE42 UT WOS:000293739500001 ER PT B AU Tokish, JM Kozlowski, EJ AF Tokish, John M. Kozlowski, Erick J. BE Abrams, JS TI A Dynamic Approach to a Postoperative Rehabilitative Program for the Surgically Stabilized Shoulder SO MANAGEMENT OF THE UNSTABLE SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPIC AND OPEN REPAIR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR; ACCELERATED REHABILITATION; SURETAC DEVICE; IMMOBILIZATION C1 [Tokish, John M.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Kozlowski, Erick J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-925-5 PY 2011 BP 285 EP 297 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ00 UT WOS:000288482300022 ER PT S AU Haji-saeed, B Khoury, J Woods, CL Kierstead, J Peyghambarian, N Yamamoto, M AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Peyghambarian, Nasser Yamamoto, Michiharu BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Optical correlation via dynamic range compression using organic photorefractive materials SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; RADAR IMAGE CORRELATION; SCATTERING CENTERS; DECONVOLUTION; RECOGNITION AB In this paper, we demonstrate optical correlation via dynamic range compression in two-beam coupling using thin-film organic materials. In contrast to the first demonstration, in which it was not possible to demonstrate correlation with complicated input, here we demonstrate correlation with extremely challenging cases involving finger prints, images in clutter, C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Khoury, Jed; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Haji-saeed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hancom.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-629-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8055 AR 80550H DI 10.1117/12.883206 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BWE41 UT WOS:000293738500015 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Peyghambarian, N Yamamoto, M AF Khoury, Jed Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Peyghambarian, Nasser Yamamoto, Michiharu BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Optical dynamic range compression deconvolution and correlation using organic photorefractive materials SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE photorefractive optics; nonlinear optical signal processing; optical nonlinearities in organic materials ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; NOISE-REDUCTION; RECOGNITION; LIMITER AB Imaging in atmospheric turbulence and target recognition in cluttered environments have been research topics for many years. Currently, there are some well-established techniques for image restoration and recognition; however, if the atmospheric turbulence becomes a severe scattering medium and the surrounding environment is very cluttered, most conventional methods, such as inverse filtering and Wiener filtering, will be inadequate for correcting and recognizing the captured images. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate nonlinear dynamic range compression techniques for image restoration and correlation via two-beam coupling and four wave mixing in organic photorefractive films. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-629-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8055 AR 80550I DI 10.1117/12.884117 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BWE41 UT WOS:000293738500016 ER PT S AU Usechak, NG Grupen, M Naderi, N Li, Y Lester, LF Kovanis, V AF Usechak, Nicholas G. Grupen, Matt Naderi, Nader Li, Yan Lester, Luke F. Kovanis, Vassilios BE Witzigmann, B Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y Freundlich, A TI Modulation effects in multi-section semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XIX CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Multi-section semiconductor lasers; laser modulation; RF photonics; gain lever; feedback-enhanced modulation; resonant modulation ID MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES; ACTIVE-MODE LOCKING; QUANTUM-DOT LASERS; OPTICAL GAIN LEVER; INJECTION-LASERS; DIODE-LASERS; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; BAND MODULATION; GAALAS LASERS; FEEDBACK AB The current modulation of a two-section semiconductor laser is first reviewed analytically using a well-known, closed-form, modulation expression. A system of traveling-intensity equations is then used to investigate spatial effects in these lasers including cavity layout and the role played by cavity length. The numerical simulations verify the accuracy of the analytic expression for short cavities (low frequencies) but identify shortcomings as the cavity length (modulation frequency) is increased. One notable difference is the presence of resonant peaks in the modulation response. Although this effect has been addressed in the past, the arrangement of sections within the laser is shown to play a prominent role in these monolithic devices for what we believe to be the first time. In the course of this investigation the thirteen different ways a two-section semiconductor laser can be current modulated are identified and computationally investigated. C1 [Usechak, Nicholas G.; Grupen, Matt; Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Usechak, NG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8470-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7933 AR 79331I DI 10.1117/12.876513 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWC87 UT WOS:000293511600029 ER PT S AU Bedford, RG Terry, N Hessenius, C Fallahi, M Moloney, J AF Bedford, Robert G. Terry, Nathan Hessenius, Chris Fallahi, Mahmoud Moloney, Jerome BE Razeghi, M Sudharsanan, R Brown, GJ TI Latest Progress in High Power VECSELs SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VIII CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; CAVITY; INTRACAVITY; BEAM; WAVE AB Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) have captured the interest of high-brightness semiconductor researchers, primarily due to their simplicity in design, power scalability, and "open cavity architecture," wherein it is simple to integrate nonlinear elements into the cavity. Through direct emission and indirect (frequency-converted) means, wavelengths from the UV through to the mid-wave infrared regimes have been demonstrated, increasing the suitability of the VECSEL platform for multiple applications. This presentation outlines recent progress in VECSELs, measurements, novel cavities, and potential applications for these lasers. C1 [Bedford, Robert G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bedford, RG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-482-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7945 AR 794508 DI 10.1117/12.873871 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BWE00 UT WOS:000293695800005 ER PT S AU Williams, C Burggraf, L Adamson, P Petrosky, J AF Williams, Christopher Burggraf, Larry Adamson, Paul Petrosky, James BE Buckman, SJ Sullivan, JP Makochekanwa, C White, R TI Three-dimensional electron-positron momentum distribution of O(3+)-irradiated 6H SIC using two positron spectroscopy techniques simultaneously SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SLOW POSITRON BEAM TECHNIQUES (SLOPOS12) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Slow Positron Beam Techniques CY AUG 01-06, 2010 CL Magnetic Island, AUSTRALIA SP ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Australian Natl Univ, Flinders Univ, James Cook Univ, Inst Phys, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res AB A three-dimensional (3D) positron annihilation spectroscopy system (3DPASS) capable of determining 3D electron-positron (e(-)-e(+)) momentum densities from measurements of deviations from co-linearity and energies of photons from e(-)-e(+) annihilation events was employed to examine the effects of O-atom defects in 6H SiC. Three-dimensional momentum datasets were determined for 6H SiC irradiated with 24 MeV O(3+) Angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) and coincidence Doppler-broadening of annihilation radiation (CDBAR) analyses are presented. In addition, a novel technique is illustrated for analyzing 3D momentum datasets in which the parallel momentum component, p(parallel to) (obtained from the CDBAR measurement) is selected for annihilation events that possess a particular perpendicular momentum component, observed in the 2D ACAR spectrum. C1 [Williams, Christopher; Burggraf, Larry; Petrosky, James] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, C (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.williams@afit.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 262 AR 012064 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/262/1/012064 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BVW62 UT WOS:000292990500064 ER PT J AU Drab, DM Smiglak, M Shamshina, JL Kelley, SP Schneider, S Hawkins, TW Rogers, RD AF Drab, David M. Smiglak, Marcin Shamshina, Julia L. Kelley, Steven P. Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tommy W. Rogers, Robin D. TI Synthesis of N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium nitrate and dicyanamide ionic liquids with a comparison of their thermal properties for energetic applications SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTOMETRY; GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; AZOLATE ANIONS; SALTS; DERIVATIVES; TRANSITION; EXPLOSIVES; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY AB The synthesis of 10 N-alkyl-N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium (N-methyl- and N-butyl-N-((CH2)(n)CN) imidazolium; n = 1-4) nitrate and 11 N-alkyl-N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium (N-methyl-N-((CH2)(n)CN) imidazolium; n = 1-6, N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-((CH2)(n)CN) imidazolium; n = 1,3-6) dicyanamide salts was achieved via N-alkylation of substituted imidazoles with commercially available haloalkylnitriles followed by anion exchange. Based on their observed melting points, all dicyanamide salts and all but one nitrate salt (1-cyanomethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate) had melting points <100 degrees C, as did 13 of the 17 halide precursors also reported here. Differential scanning calorimetry data indicated that melting points decreased by increasing the N-alkyl or N-cyanoalkyl chain length or by exchanging with the dicyanamide anion, which produced the lowest melting points in comparison to analogous halide or nitrate salts. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated that thermal stability increased for longer N-cyanoalkyl substituent lengths and decreased significantly for nitrates and more so for dicyanamides bearing short-chain N-cyanoalkyl substituents (e.g., N-cyanomethyl, N-(1-cyanoethyl), and N-(2-cyanoethyl)) in comparison to halide precursors. Furthermore, for many of the N-cyanoalkyl-substituted salts (especially the dicyanamides), there was a significant production of thermally-stable char - presumably due to by-products formed from the reaction of either N-cyanoalkyl substituents, dicyanamide anion, or both, which resulted in thermally-stable polymers or cycles. C1 [Drab, David M.; Smiglak, Marcin; Shamshina, Julia L.; Kelley, Steven P.; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Drab, David M.; Smiglak, Marcin; Shamshina, Julia L.; Kelley, Steven P.; Rogers, Robin D.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Schneider, Stefan; Hawkins, Tommy W.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Rogers, RD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM Tommy.Hawkins@edwards.af.mil; rdrogers@as.ua.edu RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Smiglak, Marcin/N-8284-2013 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Smiglak, Marcin/0000-0003-4444-5354 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0521] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-10-1-0521). NR 84 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 EI 1369-9261 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2011 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1701 EP 1717 DI 10.1039/c0nj00889c PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 796XQ UT WOS:000293087200017 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Tuttle, RF AF Borel, Christoph C. Tuttle, Ronald F. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Multi- and hyperspectral scene modeling SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Scene modeling; raytracing; hyper-spectral; radiosity; vegetation modeling ID PARAMETERS AB This paper shows how to use a public domain raytracer POV-Ray (Persistence Of Vision Raytracer) to render multi- and hyper-spectral scenes. The scripting environment allows automatic changing of the reflectance and transmittance parameters. The radiosity rendering mode allows accurate simulation of multiple-reflections between surfaces and also allows semi-transparent surfaces such as plant leaves. We show that POV-Ray computes occlusion accurately using a test scene with two blocks under a uniform sky. A complex scene representing a plant canopy is generated using a few lines of script. With appropriate rendering settings, shadows cast by leaves are rendered in many bands. Comparing single and multiple reflection renderings, the effect of multiple reflections is clearly visible and accounts for 25% of the overall apparent canopy reflectance in the near infrared. C1 [Borel, Christoph C.; Tuttle, Ronald F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cborel@afit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 80481G DI 10.1117/12.884585 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000051 ER PT S AU Massman, JL Gross, KC AF Massman, Jennifer L. Gross, Kevin C. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Understanding the Influence of Turbulence in Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometry of Smokestack Plumes SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Imaging Fourier-transform spectrometry (IFTS); Smokestack Effluents; Turbulence; Secondary Flow ID REMOTE; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSIONS; EFFLUENTS; STACK AB A Telops Hyper-Cam Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS) was used to collect infrared hyper-spectral imagery of the smokestack plume from a coal-burning power facility to assess the influence of turbulence on spectral retrieval of temperature (T) and pollutant concentrations (C-i). The mid-wave (1.5-5.5 mu m) system features a 320x256 InSb focal-plane array with a 326 mu rad instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV). The line-of-sight distance to the 76 m tall smokestack exit was 350 m(11.4 x 11.4 cm(2) IFOV). Approximately 5000 interferogram cubes were collected in 30 minutes on a 128x128 pixel window corresponding to a spectral resolution of 20 cm(-1). Radiance fluctuations due to plume turbulence were observed on a time scale much shorter than hyper-spectral image acquisition rate, suggesting scene change artifacts (SCA) would be present in the Fourier-transformed spectra. Time-averaging the spectra minimized SCA magnitudes, but accurate T and C-i retrieval requires a priori knowledge of the statistical distribution of temperature and other stochastic flow field parameters. A method of quantile sorting in interferogram space prior to Fourier-transformation is presented and used to identify turbulence throughout the plume. Immediately above the stack exit, T and CO2 concentration estimates from the median spectrum are 395 K and 6%, respectively, which compare well to in situ measurements. Turbulence is small above the stack exit and introduced systematic errors in T and C-i on the order of 0.5 K and 0.01%, respectively. In some plume locations, turbulent fluctuations introduced errors in T and C-i on the order of 8 K and 1%, respectively. While more complicated radiance fluctuations precluded straightforward retrieval of the temperature probability distribution, the results demonstrate the utility of additional information content associated with multiple interferogram quantiles and suggest IFTS may find use as a tool for non-intrusive flow field analysis. C1 [Massman, Jennifer L.; Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Massman, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 80480A DI 10.1117/12.883197 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000009 ER PT S AU Meola, J Eismann, MT Moses, RL Ash, JN AF Meola, Joseph Eismann, Michael T. Moses, Randolph L. Ash, Joshua N. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Extension and Implementation of a Model-based Approach to Hyperspectral Change Detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; change detection; optimization; subspace models AB A new method for hyperspectral change detection derived from a parametric radiative transfer model was recently developed. The model-based approach explicitly accounts for local illumination variations, such as shadows, which act as a constant source of false alarms in traditional change detection techniques. Here we formally derive the model-based approach as a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) developed from the data model. Additionally, we discuss variations on implementation techniques for the algorithm and provide results using tower-based data and HYDICE data. C1 [Meola, Joseph; Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meola, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 804806 DI 10.1117/12.883265 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000005 ER PT S AU Mindrup, FM Friend, MA Bauer, KW AF Mindrup, Frank M. Friend, Mark A. Bauer, Kenneth W. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Selecting training and test images for optimized anomaly detection algorithms in hyperspectral imagery through robust parameter design SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral imagery; robust parameter design; anomaly detection; training/test set selection AB There are numerous anomaly detection algorithms proposed for hyperspectral imagery. Robust parameter design (RPD) techniques have been applied to some of these algorithms in an attempt to choose robust settings capable of operating consistently across a large variety of image scenes. Typically, training and test sets of hyperspectral images are chosen randomly. Previous research developed a framework for optimizing anomaly detection in HSI by considering specific image characteristics as noise variables within the context of RPD; these characteristics include the Fisher's score, ratio of target pixels and number of clusters. This paper describes a method for selecting hyperspectral image training and test subsets yielding consistent RPD results based on these noise features. These subsets are not necessarily orthogonal, but still provide improvements over random training and test subset assignments by maximizing the volume and average distance between image noise characteristics. Several different mathematical models representing the value of a training and test set based on such measures as the D-optimal score and various distance norms are tested in a simulation experiment. C1 [Mindrup, Frank M.; Friend, Mark A.; Bauer, Kenneth W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mindrup, FM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641,Rm 201B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM francis.mindrup@us.af.mil; mark.friend@afit.edu; kenneth.bauer@afit.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 80480C DI 10.1117/12.884120 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000011 ER PT S AU Southall, HL O'Donnell, TH AF Southall, Hugh L. O'Donnell, Terry H. BE Blowers, M ODonnell, TH MendozaSchrock, OL TI Initial Data Sampling in Design Optimization SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications V CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Efficient global optimization (EGO); computational electromagnetic (CEM); evolutionary computation (EC); antenna design optimization; design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE); Latin Hypercube Design (LHD); orthogonal-maximin LHD (OMLHD); kriging; deterministic function approximation AB Evolutionary computation (EC) techniques in design optimization such as genetic algorithms (GA) or efficient global optimization (EGO) require an initial set of data samples (design points) to start the algorithm. They are obtained by evaluating the cost function at selected sites in the input space. A two-dimensional input space can be sampled using a Latin square, a statistical sampling technique which samples a square grid such that there is a single sample in any given row and column. The Latin hypercube is a generalization to any number of dimensions. However, a standard random Latin hypercube can result in initial data sets which may be highly correlated and may not have good space-filling properties. There are techniques which address these issues. We describe and use one technique in this paper. C1 [Southall, Hugh L.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Southall, HL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-633-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8059 AR 805909 DI 10.1117/12.883490 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVU28 UT WOS:000292763600004 ER PT S AU Sturtz, K Culbertson, J Oxley, ME Rogers, SK AF Sturtz, Kirk Culbertson, Jared Oxley, Mark E. Rogers, Steven K. BE Blowers, M ODonnell, TH MendozaSchrock, OL TI Categorification of the Layered Sensing Construct SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications V CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE agent model; category theory; probabilistic; Giry monad; layered sensing ID CATEGORIES AB We propose a mathematical formulation for a layered sensing architecture based on the theory of categories that will allow us to abstractly define agents and their interactions in such a way that we can treat human and machine (or systems of these) agents homogeneously. One particular advantage is that this general formulation will allow the development of multi-resolution analyses of a given situation that is independent of the particular models used to represent a given agent or system of agents. In this paper, we define the model and prove basic facts that will be fundamental in future work. Central to our approach is the integration of uncertainty into our model. Such a framework is necessitated by our desire to define (among other things) measures of alignment and efficacy for systems of heterogeneous agents operating in a diverse and complex environment. C1 [Sturtz, Kirk] Universal Math, Dayton, OH 45417 USA. RP Culbertson, J (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM jared.culbertson@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-633-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8059 AR 80590D DI 10.1117/12.886121 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVU28 UT WOS:000292763600007 ER PT B AU Dimiduk, DM AF Dimiduk, Dennis M. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI Microstructure-Property-Design Relationships in the Simulation Era: An Introduction SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE MICROSTRUCTURES; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE; REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENTS; MATERIALS INFORMATICS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CREEP DEFORMATION; MODEL; DAMAGE; ORIENTATION; SUPERALLOYS AB Computational methods are affecting a paradigm change for using microstructure property relationships within materials and structures engineering. This chapter examines the emergent use of quantitative computational tools for microstructure property design relationships, primarily for structural alloys. Three major phases are described as a historical "serial paradigm," current "integrated computational materials engineering" and, future "virtual materials systems" emerging from advances in multiscale materials modeling. The latter two phases bring unique demands for integrating microstructure representations, constitutive descriptions, numerical codes, and experimental methods. Importantly, these approaches are forcing a fundamental restructuring of materials data for structural engineering wherein data centers on a hierarchy of model parameterizations and validations, rather than the current application-specific design limits. Examining aspects of current research on microstructure-sensitive design tools for single-crystal turbine blades provides an accessible glimpse into future computational tools and their data requirements. Finally, brief descriptions set context and interrelationships for the remaining chapters of the book. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300001 ER PT B AU Uchic, MD AF Uchic, Michael D. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI Serial Sectioning Methods for Generating 3D Characterization Data of Grain- and Precipitate-Scale Microstructures SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; DUAL-BEAM FIB; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; SEM; MICROANALYSIS; SIMULATIONS AB This chapter provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art for experimental collection of microstructural data of grain assemblages and other features of similar scale in three dimensions (3D). The chapter focuses on the use of serial sectioning methods and associated instrumentation, as this is the most widely available and accessible technique for collecting such data for the foreseeable future. Specifically, the chapter describes the serial sectioning methodology in detail, focusing in particular on automated systems that can be used for such experiments, highlights possibilities for including crystallographic and chemical data, provides a concise discussion of the post-experiment handling of the data, and identifies current shortcomings and future development needs for this field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 52 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300002 ER PT B AU Groeber, MA AF Groeber, Michael A. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI Digital Representation of Materials Grain Structure SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; GENERATED SERIAL SECTIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES; STOCHASTIC RECONSTRUCTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ELLIPSOIDAL PARTICLES; BOUNDARY DISTRIBUTION; 3D CHARACTERIZATION; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; GROWTH AB Recent initiatives to accelerate the insertion of materials and link the materials design and systems design processes have called for the advancement of microstructure property relationships. To achieve these goals, the development of digital microstructure models in conjunction with computational methods for simulating material response is a necessity. There have been significant advancements in the collection and representation of microstructure, which coupled with computational power increases, has yielded microstructure models with increasing complexity and accuracy. It is the emphasis of this chapter to discuss the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in the field of microstructure representation. Specific focus will be paid to the areas of: experimental data collection, feature identification, mesh generation, quantitative characterization, and synthetic structure generation. In presenting the status of the field, the key links to other fields that must be developed will also be addressed wherever possible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Groeber, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Groeber@wpafb.af.mil NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 53 EP 97 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 45 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300003 ER PT B AU Rosenberger, AH AF Rosenberger, Andrew H. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI Emerging Methods for Matching Simulation and Experimental Scales SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Design methodology; Digital image correlation; Experiments; Material behavior; Micropillar; Microsample; Test techniques ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FATIGUE VARIABILITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CYCLE FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR; PLASTICITY; COMPRESSION; ALLOYS; SIZE; LIFE AB Structures are on the scale of meters, yet the material deforms on the scale of the microstructure micrometers or smaller. This chapter examines the experimental methods that are emerging at the different length scales that are important tools in building models for location-specific design. Current design practice is discussed to provide a baseline understanding of today's design methodology. Many of the design decisions are based on the stress or constitutive response of the structure to loading. This has been sufficient, but the idea behind location-specific design is that the material at each location can be tailored to the design requirements. Location-specific design will request a variation of material at each location, wherein each material will have a distinct constitutive response and specific damage accumulation. While special experimental techniques are needed to probe the material at finer scales to assess the local behaviors, testing methods at all scales are discussed to demonstrate the breadth of experimental capability available at each scale of the material. The chapter concludes with the thoughts on the experimental capabilities and material understanding that are still elusive and need to be developed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Andrew.Rosenberger@wpafb.af.mil NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 591 EP 615 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300016 ER PT S AU Arulselvan, A Commander, CW Shylo, O Pardalos, PM AF Arulselvan, Ashwin Commander, Clayton W. Shylo, Oleg Pardalos, Panos M. BE Gulpinar, N Harrison, P Rustem, B TI Cardinality-Constrained Critical Node Detection Problem SO PERFORMANCE MODELS AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NETWORKS C1 [Arulselvan, Ashwin] Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Ctr Discrete Math & Applicat, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Commander, Clayton W.] Univ Florida, USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Gainesville, FL USA. [Shylo, Oleg; Pardalos, Panos M.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Arulselvan, A (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Ctr Discrete Math & Applicat, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM ashwin@ufl.edu; clayton.commander@eglin.af.mil; shylo@ufl.edu; pardalos@ufl.edu OI Commander, Clayton/0000-0001-8477-932X NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-0533-8 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2011 VL 46 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0534-5_4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BSH89 UT WOS:000284501100004 ER PT S AU Alsing, PM McDonald, N AF Alsing, Paul M. McDonald, Nathan BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Grover's search algorithm with an entangled database state SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum computing; Grover's search algorithm; quantum algorithms AB Grover's oracle based unstructured search algorithm is often stated as "given a phone number in a directory, find the associated name." More formally, the problem can be stated as "given as input a unitary black box U-f for computing an unknown function f:{0,1}(n)->{0,1} find x=x(0) an element of {0,1}(n) such that f(x(0)) = 1, (and zero otherwise). The crucial role of the externally supplied oracle U-f (whose inner workings are unknown to the user) is to change the sign of the solution vertical bar x(0)>, while leaving all other states unaltered. Thus, U-f depends on the desired solution x(0). This paper examines an amplitude amplification algorithm in which the user encodes the directory (e. g. names and telephone numbers) into an entangled database state, which at a later time can be queried on one supplied component entry (e. g. a given phone number t(0)) to find the other associated unknown component (e. g. name x(0)). For N=2(n) names vertical bar x > with N associated phone numbers vertical bar t >, performing amplitude amplification on a subspace of size N of the total space of size N-2 produces the desired state vertical bar x(0)>vertical bar t(0)> in root N steps. We discuss how and why sequential (though not concurrent parallel) searches can be performed on multiple database states. Finally, we show how this procedure can be generalized to databases with more than two correlated lists (e.g. vertical bar x >vertical bar t >vertical bar s >vertical bar r > ... ). C1 [Alsing, Paul M.; McDonald, Nathan] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-631-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8057 AR 80570R DI 10.1117/12.883092 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT60 UT WOS:000292734600024 ER PT S AU Erdmann, RK Fanto, ML Alsing, PM Peters, CJ Galvez, EJ Miller, WA AF Erdmann, Reinhard K. Fanto, Michael L. Alsing, Paul M. Peters, Corey J. Galvez, Enrique J. Miller, Warner A. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Experimental limits on local realism with separable and entangled photons SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE polarization-entangled photons; Bell inequalities; local realism AB Bell's theorem, and inequalities that stem from it, address the conflict between the explanation of key experimental observations by quantum mechanics (QM) and by models expressing Locally Realistic (LR) properties, regardless of their inclusion or exclusion of hidden variables. To demonstrate the conflict between experimental results described by QM and LR models, a physical realization of the quantum state must be chosen. Entangled photons or electrons provide the most viable choices. In this work we consider a simplified version of a Bell inequality (BI) that focuses entirely on the physical state properties of photons in order to demonstrate the difference between QM and LR correlations. While the experiment we propose is in principle similar in intent to prior Bell inequality experiments, our version requires fewer measurements, and is more advantageous in its conceptual clarity. C1 [Erdmann, Reinhard K.; Fanto, Michael L.; Alsing, Paul M.; Peters, Corey J.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Erdmann, RK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-631-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8057 AR 805707 DI 10.1117/12.883434 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT60 UT WOS:000292734600006 ER PT S AU Fanto, ML Erdmann, RK Alsing, PM Peters, CJ Galvez, EJ AF Fanto, Michael L. Erdmann, Reinhard K. Alsing, Paul M. Peters, Corey J. Galvez, Enrique J. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Multipli-entangled photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum; entangled photons; spontaneous parametric down-conversion AB In this work, we discuss a novel compact source that generates six pairs of entangled photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a single pass of a pump beam through a crystal assembly. The experimental demonstrations reported are at 810 nm so as to utilize high quantum efficiency Si-APD detectors, but the design can be readily implemented in other wavelength regimes including the telecom bands near 1550 nm. An immediate application of this source enables particular multi-qubit cluster states to be generated in a highly compact unidirectional configuration. This can significantly simplify the interferometric stability, as well as feed-forward methods required in photon-based quantum logic circuitry. C1 [Fanto, Michael L.; Erdmann, Reinhard K.; Alsing, Paul M.; Peters, Corey J.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Fanto, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-631-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8057 AR 805705 DI 10.1117/12.883261 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT60 UT WOS:000292734600004 ER PT S AU Meyer, GJ Stallings, FP AF Meyer, Gregory J. Stallings, Francis P. BE Pham, KD Zmuda, H Cox, JL Meyer, GJ TI Is Space the Ultimate High Ground? SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space; observation; intelligence; surveillance; reconnaissance; information; context; knowledge AB Military experts often refer to space as the ultimate high ground under the premise that placing systems in orbit provides advantages consistent with the military doctrine of high ground. Although space provides the ultimate "observation post", it has none of the other advantages traditionally associated with high ground. Army Field Manual (FM) 34-130 states the other advantages of holding key terrain: commanding avenues of approach, overcoming obstacles, and affording cover and concealment as additional benefits of high ground. Yet systems in orbit incur none of these additional advantages. Finally, international restrictions and reciprocity concerns limit the employment of weapons in space nullifying many of the unique capability advantages that would otherwise support the "high ground" aspect of space. As the ultimate observation post, satellites provide a large quantity of vital data to military decision makers. This massive amount of data needs to have as much context as possible to convert this data to useful knowledge. To use space assets optimally, the military needs to learn from the past and make space and cyber products distributed and tactical. It is absolutely essential to distribute the right information to the lowest level (tactical elements) of the organization or the "boots on the ground" in a timely manner. C1 [Meyer, Gregory J.; Stallings, Francis P.] USAF, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Meyer, GJ (reprint author), USAF, 1030 S Highway A1A, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. EM gregory.meyer@patrick.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-618-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8044 AR 80440K DI 10.1117/12.889117 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVS72 UT WOS:000292687100016 ER PT B AU Poley, RE White, BM AF Poley, Robert E. White, Bryan M. BE Lawless, CE TI Heart Murmurs SO SPORTS CARDIOLOGY ESSENTIALS: EVALUATION, MANAGEMENT AND CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTOLIC MURMURS; AUSCULTATION C1 [Poley, Robert E.] William Beaumont Hosp, Div Sports Med, Troy, MI USA. [White, Bryan M.] USAF, Dayton, OH USA. RP Poley, RE (reprint author), William Beaumont Hosp, Div Sports Med, Troy, MI USA. EM dr_poley@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-92774-9 PY 2011 BP 213 EP 234 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92775-6_11 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92775-6 PG 22 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Sport Sciences SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Sport Sciences GA BSK44 UT WOS:000284744900011 ER PT S AU Lowry, H Fedde, M Crider, D Horne, H Gastineau, J Bynum, K Steely, S Labello, J AF Lowry, H. Fedde, M. Crider, D. Horne, H. Gastineau, J. Bynum, K. Steely, S. Labello, J. BE Mobley, SB Murrer, RL TI Development of Technologies for Imaging Sensor Testing at AEDC SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVI CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; cryovacuum chamber AB Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) is involved in the development of technologies that enable hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing with high-fidelity complex scene projection to validate sensor mission performance. Radiometric calibration with National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) radiometers has improved radiometric and temporal fidelity testing in this cold background environment. This paper provides an overview of pertinent technologies being investigated and implemented at AEDC to support a variety of program needs such as HWIIL testing and space situational awareness (SSA). C1 [Lowry, H.; Fedde, M.; Crider, D.; Horne, H.; Gastineau, J.; Bynum, K.; Steely, S.; Labello, J.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, H (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. EM heard.lowry@arnold.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-589-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8015 AR 80150D DI 10.1117/12.883639 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT10 UT WOS:000292701200012 ER PT S AU Lightfoot, L Laubie, E Natarian, J AF Lightfoot, Leonard Laubie, Ellen Natarian, Joseph BE Suresh, R TI The Effects of Synthetically Augmented Training Data on Parameter Tuning for Anomaly Detection Algorithms SO DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION AND NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE anomaly detection; anomaly injection; k-fold cross-validation; Local Outlier Factor; parameter tuning; simple threshold; wavelet decomposition; wireless sensor networks AB While many years of research have been dedicated to anomaly detection algorithms and their applications, little research has been devoted to the act of tuning parameters to perfect the performance of these algorithms. This paper investigates three anomaly detection algorithms (Local Outlier Factor, wavelet decomposition, and a simple sliding threshold) and the effect of synthetically augmented training data on the resulting false positive and false negative rates. Four datasets were developed by injecting varying quantities of synthetic anomalies (0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%) into naturally sampled light sensor data collected from a wireless sensor network. A five-fold cross validation method was implemented for training and testing with the results of each training set applied to all four test sets. The false positive and false negative rates, the traditional accuracy, and the geometric means were analyzed to determine the relationship of the number of anomalies assumed to occur in a test environment, the number of anomalies that actually occur in the environment, and the resulting performance of the anomaly detection algorithms. C1 [Lightfoot, Leonard; Laubie, Ellen; Natarian, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lightfoot, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-636-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8062 AR 80620M DI 10.1117/12.883526 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVJ32 UT WOS:000291643900016 ER PT J AU Price, SD Smith, BJ Kuchar, TA Mizuno, DR Kraemer, KE AF Price, Stephan D. Smith, Beverly J. Kuchar, Thomas A. Mizuno, Donald R. Kraemer, Kathleen E. TI 3.6 YEARS OF DIRBE NEAR-INFRARED STELLAR LIGHT CURVES (vol 190, pg 203, 2010) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Correction C1 [Price, Stephan D.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Smith, Beverly J.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Kuchar, Thomas A.; Mizuno, Donald R.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; smithbj@etsu.edu; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 192 IS 1 AR 13 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/13 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700CO UT WOS:000285710500013 ER PT S AU Buchwald, W AF Buchwald, Walter BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Programmatic perspectives with technical examples for THz materials characterization SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE THz; comb-FTIR; metamaterials; plasmonics; quantum optics ID FREQUENCY-COMB; TERAHERTZ; PLASMON; ELECTRODYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON AB THz technology has a rich history of use in the field of interstellar molecule identification where a variety of molecule specific vibrational and rotational spectroscopic signatures exist and has been aggressively investigated for use in advanced radar applications because of the immediate improvement in object resolution obtained at higher frequencies. Traditionally, high power THz systems have relied upon millimeter wave sources and frequency multiplication techniques to achieve acceptable output power levels, while lower power, table top spectroscopic systems, have relied on broadband incoherent light sources. With the advent of high power lasers, advances in non-linear optics, and new material systems, a number of promising techniques for the generation, detection and manipulation of THz radiation are currently under development and are considered the enabling technologies behind a variety of advanced THz applications. This work presents a programmatic overview of current trends in THz technology of interest to a variety of government organizations. It focuses on those techniques currently under investigation for the generation and detection of THz fields motivated, for example, by such diverse applications as metamaterial spectroscopy, TH imaging, long standoff chem/bio detection and THz communications. Examples of these new techniques will be presented which in turn will motivate the need for the characterization of application specific active and passive THz components. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Buchwald, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80310F DI 10.1117/12.884599 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400014 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Kierstead, J Donoghue, JJ AF Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Donoghue, John J. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Highly tunable corrugated metal nano-grating laser using current injection SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tunable laser; light-emitting device ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; STIMULATED-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB In this paper we designed a highly tunable laser with a corrugated metallic nano-grating. The design leverages the free electron laser design based on either the transit of an e-beam in the vicinity of a metallic grating or the transit of an e-beam through a periodic, transverse magnetic field produced by arranging magnets with alternating poles. Our design consists of a nano-film that is evaporated over a PMMA nano-grating. Current is injected into the nano-grating thin film. The electrons in the injected current experience an oscillating motion due to the corrugated grating structure. If the mean free path of the electrons within the nano-grating is long enough compared to the nano-grating spacing, the electron wave emits electromagnetic radiation. We developed the electromagnetic emission theory by solving Maxwell's equations for a current injected into a nano-wave grating, taking into consideration the electron mean free path. A corrugated nano-grating device with an area of 300 mu m x 300 mu m and a 30 nm grating spacing was fabricated. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80312L DI 10.1117/12.883519 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400081 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Boeckl, JJ Park, J AF Mitchel, W. C. Boeckl, John J. Park, Jeongho BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Growth of carbon based nanostructures SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; FILMS; NANOTUBES; SENSORS; TRANSISTORS; WAFER AB Carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are being applied to a wide variety of sensor applications. Both CNTs and graphene can be grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from hydrocarbons using catalysts. Both materials require metallic catalysts. CNTs require small particles while graphene requires continuous films. Both materials can be grown by the thermal decomposition of SiC. Under the proper conditions either vertically aligned CNT arrays or planar graphene can be grown. Carbon source molecular beam epitaxy (CMBE) is also under development for growth of graphene. Like SiC decomposition, CMBE is catalyst free but it is not restricted to SiC substrates. C1 [Mitchel, W. C.; Boeckl, John J.; Park, Jeongho] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80311X DI 10.1117/12.884651 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400061 ER PT J AU Clark, JW Sheppard, E AF Clark, John W. Sheppard, Eric TI Dreaming of Flight SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ART LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Clark, John W.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Clark, John W.] USAF, Art Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sheppard, Eric] Hampton Univ, Sch Engn & Technol, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Clark, JW (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUSEUM AFR AMER ART PI LOS ANGELES PA 4005 CRENSHAW BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90008-2534 USA SN 1045-0920 J9 INT REV AFR AM ART JI Int. Rev. Afr. Am. Art PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 SI SI BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Art SC Art GA 764BZ UT WOS:000290604700007 ER PT J AU Tassev, V Bliss, D Snure, M Bryant, G Peterson, R Bedford, R Yapp, C Goodhue, W Termkoa, K AF Tassev, V. Bliss, D. Snure, M. Bryant, G. Peterson, R. Bedford, R. Yapp, C. Goodhue, W. Termkoa, K. TI HVPE growth and characterization of GaP on different substrates and patterned templates for frequency conversion devices SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOCIETY-RAPID PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hydride vapor phase epitaxy; nonlinear optical materials; quasi-phase matching; frequency conversion devices ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; GALLIUM ARSENIDE ALLOYS; INFRA-RED ABSORPTION; III-V COMPOUNDS; LOW-PRESSURE; GAAS FILMS; HIGH-POWER; PHOSPHIDE; LASER; DEFECTS AB This article describes efforts to achieve fast deposition of thick Quasi-Phase-Matched (QPM) GaP structures with high surface and structural quality on oriented patterned (OP) templates in a Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxial (HVPE) process. These QPM structures will be incorporated in devices for conversion of frequencies from the near infrared to the mid infrared and THz regions, where powerful and tunable sources are in great demand for both military and civilian applications. In contrast with GaAs - the most studied OP QPM material - the two-photon absorption of GaP is predicted to be extremely low, which allows pumping with a number of convenient sources between 1 - 1.7 mu m. Unpatterned GaP layers up to 370 mu m thick were grown with growth rates up to 93 mu m/hr with high reproducibility on bare substrates. The layers demonstrated smooth surface morphology with RMS < 1 nm and high structural quality with FWHM equal to 39 arcsec for layers grown on GaP and 112 arcsec for those grown on GaAs. Growth on OP-GaP templates resulted in 142 mu m thick QPM structures deposited at a growth rate of 71 mu m/ h with good vertical (normal to the layer surface) propagation of the initial pattern. When the growth was performed on OP-GaAs one of the domains showed a trend toward a faceting growth. Further investigations are in progress to equalize the vertical and lateral growth of the two domains, and determine the best orientation of the substrate and pattern in order to achieve structures thick enough for high power nonlinear applications. [DOI: 10.2971/jeos.2011.11017] C1 [Tassev, V.; Bliss, D.; Snure, M.; Bryant, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Peterson, R.; Bedford, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yapp, C.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Goodhue, W.; Termkoa, K.] Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Tassev, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM vladimir.tassev@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research FX The authors thank to the Air Force Office for Scientific Research for their financial support, and also Ms. Sandra Wentzell for preparing the half-patterned templates. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOC PI HANNOVER PA C/O LASER ZENTRUM HANNOVER, HOLLERITHALLEE 8, HANNOVER, 30419, GERMANY SN 1990-2573 J9 J EUR OPT SOC-RAPID JI J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ. PY 2011 VL 6 AR 11017 DI 10.2971/jeos.2011.11017 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765DV UT WOS:000290684500003 ER PT J AU Wittich, DJ Cain, AB Jumper, EJ AF Wittich, D. J., III Cain, Alan B. Jumper, Eric J. TI Strong flow-acoustic resonances of rectangular cavities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; PAST CAVITIES; SHEAR-LAYER; DEEP CAVITY; OSCILLATIONS; FREQUENCIES; TONES AB Several studies relating to strongly resonating cavity shear layers in subsonic or supersonic flows are reviewed and discussed. Special consideration is given to cavity configurations which Rockwell and Naudascher (1978) branded "whistle-type" cavities, deep cavities and cavities mounted in the wall of an otherwise solid-walled duct (such as a wind tunnel). At certain flow conditions, each configuration can promote a strong, acoustic resonance which tends to favor a single dominant frequency in the pressure spectrum. The resultant shear layer motions and unsteady pressure fluctuations may be of large amplitude at the peak frequency. The empirical constants in Rossiter's formula and a similar frequency prediction formula for partially-covered cavities are also discussed. C1 [Wittich, D. J., III] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cain, Alan B.] Innovat Technol Applicat Co, Chesterfield, MO 63006 USA. [Jumper, Eric J.] Univ Notre Dame, Hessert Lab Aerosp Res, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wittich, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM donald.wittich@kirtland.af.mil RI Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 277 EP 294 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 758QM UT WOS:000290180000006 ER PT J AU Wu, T Soni, S Hu, MQ Li, F Badiru, A AF Wu, Teresa Soni, Som Hu, Mengqi Li, Fan Badiru, Adedeji TI The Application of Memetic Algorithms for Forearm Crutch Design: A Case Study SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DECISION-BASED DESIGN; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION; CHOICE; PRODUCTS AB Product design has normally been performed by teams, each with expertise in a specific discipline such as material, structural, and electrical systems. Traditionally, each team would use its member's experience and knowledge to develop the design sequentially. Collaborative design decisions explore the use of optimization methods to solve the design problem incorporating a number of disciplines simultaneously. It is known that such optimized product design is superior to the design found by optimizing each discipline sequentially due to the fact that it enables the exploitation of the interactions between the disciplines. In this paper, a bi-level decentralized framework based on Memetic Algorithm (MA) is proposed for collaborative design decision making using forearm crutch as the case. Two major decisions are considered: the weight and the strength. We introduce two design agents for each of the decisions. At the system level, one additional agent termed facilitator agent is created. Its main function is to locate the optimal solution for the system objective function which is derived from the Pareto concept. Thus to Pareto optimum for both weight and strength is obtained. It is demonstrated that the proposed model can converge to Pareto solutions. C1 [Wu, Teresa; Hu, Mengqi; Li, Fan] Arizona State Univ, Ind Engn Program, Sch Comp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Soni, Som] USAF, Ctr Rapid Prod Dev, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Badiru, Adedeji] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ind Engn Program, Sch Comp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM teresa.wu@asu.edu RI Hu, Mengqi/A-2900-2013 OI Hu, Mengqi/0000-0002-8653-1245 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1024-123X J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2011 AR 162580 DI 10.1155/2011/162580 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 760LZ UT WOS:000290327100001 ER PT J AU Litzinger, T Colket, M Kahandawala, M Lee, SY Liscinsky, D McNesby, K Pawlik, R Roquemore, M Santoro, R Sidhu, S Stouffer, S AF Litzinger, T. Colket, M. Kahandawala, M. Lee, S. -Y. Liscinsky, D. McNesby, K. Pawlik, R. Roquemore, M. Santoro, R. Sidhu, S. Stouffer, S. TI FUEL ADDITIVE EFFECTS ON SOOT ACROSS A SUITE OF LABORATORY DEVICES, PART 2: NITROALKANES SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitroethane; Nitromethane; Nitropropane; Soot ID LIQUID NITROMETHANE; DECOMPOSITION; HYDROCARBONS; FLAMES; NO; COMBUSTION; ETHANOL AB This is the second in a series of papers to summarize results of the impact of nonmetallic fuel additives on soot. The research was conducted by a university, industry, and government team with the primary objective of obtaining fundamental understanding of the mechanisms through which additive compounds blended into a fuel affect soot emissions. The work involved coordinated testing across a suite of laboratory devices: a shock tube, a well-stirred reactor, a premixed flat flame, an opposed-jet diffusion flame, and a high-pressure turbulent reactor. This article summarizes results on the addition of nitroalkanes to a base fuel consisting of n-heptane and toluene as a simple surrogate for jet fuels. In these experiments, the nitroalkanes serve as chemical probes of key reactions leading to soot. The effects of nitroalkane addition on soot were found to be device and condition dependent with no simple trends across the suite of devices. C1 [Litzinger, T.; Santoro, R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Colket, M.; Liscinsky, D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Kahandawala, M.; Sidhu, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lee, S. -Y.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [McNesby, K.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Pawlik, R.; Roquemore, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stouffer, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Litzinger, T (reprint author), 201 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM TAL2@psu.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [PP1179] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Project PP1179, under the direction of Dr. Charles Pellerin. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 183 IS 8 BP 739 EP 754 DI 10.1080/00102202.2010.539293 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 749IS UT WOS:000289459100001 ER PT B AU Fagin, B Skrien, D AF Fagin, Barry Skrien, Dale BE Cortina, TJ Walker, EL King, LS Musicant, DR McCann, LI TI IASSim: A Programmable Emulator for the Princeton IAS/Von Neumann Machine SO SIGCSE 11: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 42ND ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 09-12, 2011 CL Dallas, TX SP ACM SIGCSE DE Emulation; IAS Machine; Von Neumann Architecture; Courseware; Computer Architecture AB In this paper, we describe a programmable emulator for the Princeton IAS/Von Neumann machine. The emulator is historically accurate, preserving the quirks and eccentricities of the machine. It is also user-friendly and robust, suitable for undergraduate architecture and programming classes as a teaching tool. Users can write non-trivial programs in IAS assembly code or machine code. We present some examples here, and discuss assignments from its first use in two undergraduate classes. IASSim is a Java application publicly available at no cost. C1 [Fagin, Barry] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fagin, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM barry.fagin@usafa.edu; djskrien@colby.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-0500-6 PY 2011 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BUJ07 UT WOS:000289490900072 ER PT J AU Dahlstrom, N Nahlinder, S Wilson, GF Svensson, E AF Dahlstrom, Nicklas Nahlinder, Staffan Wilson, Glenn F. Svensson, Erland TI Recording of Psychophysiological Data During Aerobatic Training SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE; MENTAL WORKLOAD; EYE ACTIVITY; FLIGHT; EEG; SIMULATOR AB Measuring pilot mental workload can be important for understanding cognitive demands during flight involving unusual movements and attitudes. Data on heart rate, eye movements, EEG, and subjective ratings from 7 flight instructors were collected for a flight including a repeated aerobatics sequence. Heart rate data and subjective ratings showed that aerobatic sequences produced the highest levels of mental workload and that heart rate can identify low-G flight segments with high mental workload. Blink rate and eye movement data did not support previous research regarding their relation to mental workload. EEG data were difficult to analyze due to muscle artifacts. C1 [Dahlstrom, Nicklas] Lund Univ, Sch Aviat, SE-26070 Ljungbyhed, Sweden. [Nahlinder, Staffan; Svensson, Erland] Swedish Def Res Agcy, Stockholm, Sweden. [Wilson, Glenn F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dahlstrom, N (reprint author), Lund Univ, Sch Aviat, Drottningvagen 5, SE-26070 Ljungbyhed, Sweden. EM nicklas.dahlstrom@tfhs.lu.se RI Nahlinder, Staffan/B-2930-2009 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 105 EP 122 AR PII 935835117 DI 10.1080/10508414.2011.556443 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 746MJ UT WOS:000289250800001 ER PT J AU Harrowell, P Fernandez, JR Miracle, DB AF Harrowell, Peter Fernandez, Julian R. Miracle, D. B. TI The chemically ordered glass: the limiting composition for chemical order in amorphous packings of hard-sphere mixtures SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE glass transition; random close packing; amorphous alloys ID METALLIC GLASSES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; FORMING ABILITY; STABILITY; ALLOYS AB We consider the limits of chemical order (i.e. avoidance of solute-solute contact) in amorphous close-packed mixtures of hard spheres of two different sizes. The upper bound on the solute concentration, beyond which solute-solute contact cannot be avoided, is determined for a range of particle size ratios. Scaling the composition by this limiting value is found to collapse plots of the solute coordination and mixture energies as a function of composition for different values of size ratios onto a single master curve. A number of features of the behaviour of amorphous alloys in the vicinity of this limiting concentration are discussed. C1 [Harrowell, Peter] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Fernandez, Julian R.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Harrowell, P (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM peter@chem.usyd.edu.au FU Australian Research Council FX P. H. gratefully acknowledges valuable discussions with Toby Hudson. This work has been supported by funding from the Discovery Program of the Australian Research Council. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 EI 1029-0435 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1080/08927022.2010.548386 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 741VK UT WOS:000288893400007 ER PT J AU Forster, NH Svendsen, VR Givan, GD Thompson, KL Dao, NH Nicholson, BD AF Forster, Nelson H. Svendsen, Vaughn R. Givan, Garry D. Thompson, Kevin L. Dao, Ngoc H. Nicholson, Brian D. TI Parametric Testing and Heat Generation Modeling of 133-mm Bore Ball Bearings: Part I - Results with Metal Rolling Elements SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Rolling Element Bearing; Heat Generation; Power Loss; Gas Turbine Engine; SHABERTH ID MIL-L-7808-TYPE LUBRICANT; HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE; HIGH-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; AEROENGINE; CONTACTS; MOMENT; OIL AB 133 mm bore ball bearings with metal rolling elements were tested at the following conditions: speeds from 1.5 x 106 to 2.6 x 106 DN; thrust loads from 13,350 to 53,400 N; oil delivery temperatures from 66 to 121 degrees C; and oil flow rates from 7.3 to 11.4 L/min. The resulting bearing outer race temperature, oil exit temperature, and power loss determined from the shaft torque and power loss determined from the oil temperature rise are reported. Experimental power loss values are compared to the analytical results obtained with the computer code SHABERTH.The experimental data are also fitted to an empirical equation to predict the total bearing power loss. The results indicate that bearing operating temperature is a challenge for next-generation engines, primarily driven by limits of polyolester lubricants used in gas turbine engines. The results also indicate that the computer code SHABERTH underpredicts the bearing lower loss at high load conditions. A new empirical model was able to reasonably predict the bearing power loss over the conditions studied. C1 [Forster, Nelson H.; Svendsen, Vaughn R.; Givan, Garry D.; Thompson, Kevin L.; Dao, Ngoc H.; Nicholson, Brian D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Forster, NH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors express their thanks to Douglas Eisentraut, David Gerardi, and Hitesh Trivedi of UES Inc. for experimental support. Thanks to Lt. Timothy N. Baldwin for support with the ANSYS analyses. Thanks to the Air Force Research Laboratory for funding and permission to publish this research. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 315 EP 324 AR PII 935033572 DI 10.1080/10402004.2010.542276 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 738SP UT WOS:000288662800014 ER PT J AU Forster, NH Svendsen, VR Givan, GD Thompson, KL Dao, NH Nicholson, BD AF Forster, Nelson H. Svendsen, Vaughn R. Givan, Garry D. Thompson, Kevin L. Dao, Ngoc H. Nicholson, Brian D. TI Parametric Testing and Heat Generation Modeling of 133-mm Bore Ball Bearings: Part II - Results with Silicon Nitride Rolling Elements SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Rolling Element Bearing; Silicon Nitride; Hybrid Bearing; Heat Generation; Power Loss; Gas Turbine Engine ID PERFORMANCE; LUBRICATION AB 133 mm bore ball bearings with silicon nitride rolling elements were tested at the following conditions: speeds from 1.5 to 2.6 x 106 DN; thrust loads from 13,350 to 53,400 N; oil delivery temperatures from 66 to 121 degrees C; and oil flow rates from 7.3 to 11.4 L/min. The resulting bearing outer race temperature, oil exit temperature, power loss determined from shaft torque, and power loss determined from oil temperature rise are reported. The experimental data are fitted to an empirical equation to predict power loss. The results are compared to the same bearings fitted with metal rolling elements discussed in Part I. C1 [Forster, Nelson H.; Svendsen, Vaughn R.; Givan, Garry D.; Thompson, Kevin L.; Dao, Ngoc H.; Nicholson, Brian D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Forster, NH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors express their thanks to Douglas Eisentraut, David Gerardi, and Hitesh Trivedi of UES Inc. for experimental support. Thanks to Lt. Timothy N. Baldwin for support with the ANSYS analyses. Thanks to the Air Force Research Laboratory for funding and permission to publish this research and thanks to the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 325 EP 331 AR PII 932228925 DI 10.1080/10402004.2010.540770 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 738SP UT WOS:000288662800015 ER PT S AU Chandersekaran, C Simpson, WR AF Chandersekaran, Coimbatore Simpson, William R. BE Meghanathan, N Kaushik, BK Nagamalai, D TI A Model for Delegation Based on Authentication and Authorization SO ADVANCED COMPUTING, PT III SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology CY JAN 02-04, 2011 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP Acad & Ind Res Collaborate Ctr DE Credentialing; Authentication; Authorization; Delegation; Attribution; Least Privilege; Public Key Infrastructure; Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML); WS-* AB Sharing information and maintaining privacy and security is a requirement in distributed environments. Mitigating threats in a distributed environment requires constant vigilance and defense-in-depth. Most systems lack a secure model that guarantees an end-to-end security. We devise a model that mitigates a number of threats to the distributed computing pervasive in enterprises. This authentication process is part of a larger information assurance systemic approach that requires that all active entities (users, machines and services) be named, and credentialed. Authentication is bi-lateral using PKI credentialing, and authorization is based upon Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) attribution statements. Communication across domains is handled as a federation activity using WS-* protocols. We present the architectural model, elements of which are currently being tested in an operational environment. Elements of this architecture include real time computing, edge based distributed mashups, and dependable, reliable computing. The architecture is also applicable to a private cloud. C1 [Chandersekaran, Coimbatore] USAF, SAF A6, 1500 Wilson Blvd, Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA. [Simpson, William R.] Inst Defense Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Chandersekaran, C (reprint author), USAF, SAF A6, 1500 Wilson Blvd, Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA. EM Coimbatore.Chandersekaran.ctr@pentagon.af.mil; rsimpson@ida.org NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-642-17880-1 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2011 VL 133 BP 217 EP + PN III PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTZ44 UT WOS:000288517900022 ER PT J AU Mall, S Sullivan, MA AF Mall, Shankar Sullivan, Mark A. TI Creep Rupture and Fatigue Behavior of a Notched Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at an Elevated Temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; POROUS-MATRIX AB Oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have the potential to provide a longer lifetime and better strength when subjected to thermomechanical loads due to their inherent resistance to oxidation. Different notches are usually required during their applications. Their time-dependent behavior in the presence of a notch must therefore be characterized. This study investigated the creep rupture and fatigue behavior of a woven oxide/oxide CMC (N720/A) consisting of Nextel (TM) 720 (metastable mullite) fibers in an alumina matrix with a 0 degrees/90 degrees fiber orientation having a hole diameter to width ratio of 0.33 at 1200 degrees C in a laboratory air environment. Monotonic tensile tests at 1200 degrees C were also conducted. Fracture surfaces were examined to analyze failure and damage mechanisms. Comparisons with unnotched data showed N720/A to be insensitive to the notch (hole) under monotonic tensile, creep, and fatigue-loading conditions. Deformation under the cyclic loading condition was affected by fatigue and creep; however, the damage mechanisms were the same under creep and fatigue-loading conditions. C1 [Mall, Shankar; Sullivan, Mark A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02502.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 730EP UT WOS:000288016300002 ER PT J AU Kim, TT Mall, S Zawada, LP AF Kim, Ted T. Mall, Shankar Zawada, Larry P. TI Fatigue Behavior of Hi-Nicalon Type-S (TM)/BN/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites in a Combustion Environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The fatigue behavior of Hi-Nicalon Type-S (TM)/BN/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated in a combustion environment. Two versions of this CMC were tested. The first version was manufactured by a slurry casting process using woven fiber architecture and the matrix was densified by melt-infiltration (MI) of silicon. The other was a cross-ply laminate prepared by a traditional lamination process from unidirectional prepreg followed by the MI processing. Several tests were conducted at a frequency of 1 Hz and a stress ratio of 0.05 to develop the fatigue life diagrams for both material systems. The Prepreg MI CMC exhibited higher fatigue strength, especially for cycles-to-failure > 10,000, in comparison with the slurry cast MI CMC. Micrographic analysis was conducted to document the oxidation and embrittlement, which was observed to be dependent upon the applied stress level and cycles-to-failure. Overall, the prepreg MI CMC was less prone to oxidation and had better fatigue properties, demonstrating the potential for long-term use as a structural high-temperature material for high-temperature oxidative service environments, such as those found in gas turbine engines. C1 [Kim, Ted T.; Mall, Shankar] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Ted T.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zawada, Larry P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, TT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ted.kim@wpafb.af.mil FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) FX We thank Dr. Ronald J. Kerans of Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for providing vision and opportunity to put forth the development efforts for the AFIT/AFRL burner rig facility and also thank Dr. Michael J. Verrilli of General Electrics (GE) for providing specimens as well as invaluable insights of CMCs. We also express sincere gratitude to Dr. Elizabeth Downie and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) for generous support and funding for this research. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02558.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 730EP UT WOS:000288016300003 ER PT J AU Moore, EA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL AF Moore, E. A. Yeo, Y. K. Ryu, Mee-Yi Hengehold, R. L. TI Electrical Activation Studies of Silicon-Implanted AlxGa1-xN with Aluminum Mole Fraction of 11% to 51% SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; Hall-effect measurements; implantation; electrical activation; mobility ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OHMIC CONTACTS; OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SI; ALGAN; GAN; AL0.18GA0.82N; HEMTS; NM AB Electrical activation studies of Si-implanted AlxGa1-xN with an Al mole fraction of 11% to 51% have been carried out as a function of ion dose and annealing temperature. The AlxGa1-xN samples were implanted at room temperature with Si ions at 200 keV in doses ranging from 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), and subsequently annealed from 1100 degrees C to 1350 degrees C for 20 min in a nitrogen environment. The maximum electrical activation efficiencies for the AlxGa1-xN samples with an Al mole fraction less than 40% were obtained for samples implanted with the highest Si dose of 1 9 10 15 cm(-2). On the other hand, for the AlxGa1-xN samples with an Al mole fraction more than 40%, nearly perfect activation efficiencies of 99% and 100% were obtained for the samples implanted with the lowest Si dose of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2). The mobility of the Si-implanted AlxGa1-xN samples increased with increasing annealing temperature in spite of the increased number of ionized donors and thus increased impurity scattering, indicating that a greater amount of lattice damage is being repaired with each successive increase in annealing temperature. These results provide suitable annealing conditions for Si-implanted AlxGa1-xN-based devices with an Al mole fraction from 11% to 51%. C1 [Moore, E. A.; Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. RP Moore, EA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-314-D00249]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work. This work was also partially supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund; KRF-2008-314-D00249). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1394-y PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 728FW UT WOS:000287861000003 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Murphey, TW Zatman, M AF Lane, Steven A. Murphey, Thomas W. Zatman, Michael TI Overview of the Innovative Space-Based Radar Antenna Technology Program SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; SIMULATION AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency accomplished technology development and demonstration toward a 300 m deployable space antenna under the Innovative Space. Based Radar Antenna Technology program. Risk-reduction activities focused on deployment testing, calibration, structural metrology, and real-time compensation. A 12 m phased-array-fed reflector engineering test unit was tested in a laboratory environment and demonstrated shaping of a single-curved, parabolic-cylinder mesh surface and deployment repeatability. A 12 m engineering test unit using rigidizable-inflatable structural components was also tested, but this approach was more problematic and less robust. Finally, two antenna metrology and compensation engineering test units were tested in a compact range. The mulls from one were reported. Data showed that the closed-loop system minimized phase error to less than 1/30 of a wavelength, given realistic disturbance inputs. C1 [Lane, Steven A.; Murphey, Thomas W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Zatman, Michael] QinetiQ N Amer, Technol Solut Grp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.2514/1.50252 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 726ME UT WOS:000287725600016 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Sun, GA Ding, YJ Zotova, IB Mandal, KC Mertiri, A Pabst, G Roy, R Fernelius, NC AF Xu, Guibao Sun, Guan Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Mandal, Krishna C. Mertiri, Alket Pabst, Gary Roy, Ronald Fernelius, Nils C. TI Investigation of Terahertz Generation due to Unidirectional Diffusion of Carriers in Centrosymmetric GaTe Crystals SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Broadband terahertz (THz) pulses; centrosymmetric crystal; GaTe; unidirectional diffusion of photogenerated carriers ID LAYERED CHALCOGENIDES GATE; POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; EFFICIENT GENERATION; OPTICAL RECTIFICATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PULSES; GASE; RADIATION; COHERENT; INAS AB Terahertz (THz) radiation generated by ultrafast laser pulses focused on each monoclinic semiconductor crystal, i.e., GaTe, exhibits unique features. By systemically measuring the dependence of the THz output on the ultrafast pump pulses, in terms of polarization, azimuth angle, incident angle, pump beam size, and pump intensity, we have observed the strong evidence of the unidirectional diffusion of photogenerated carriers within the surface layer of each crystal. Regardless of whether each crystal is pumped above or below its bandgap, the mechanism for THz generation is always attributed to diffusion of the photogenerated carriers. By analyzing data and introducing simplified models, it appears to us that the diffusion of the photogenerated carriers takes place along three different directions. C1 [Xu, Guibao; Sun, Guan; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Mandal, Krishna C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mertiri, Alket] Boston Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Pabst, Gary; Roy, Ronald] EIC Lab Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Fernelius, Nils C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fernelius, Nils C.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 44435 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM gux206@lehigh.edu; gus208@lehigh.edu; yud2@lehigh.edu; yzotova@hotmail.com; mandalk@cec.sc.edu; nils.fernelius@wpafb.af.mil RI Xu, Guibao/F-3461-2010 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force [FA 86540-06-M-541] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and in part by the Air Force under Contract FA 86540-06-M-541. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2046628 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 717YV UT WOS:000287086100005 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Haji-Saeed, B Buchwald, W Woods, C Wentzell, S Krejca, B Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Haji-Saeed, Bahareh Buchwald, Walter Woods, Charles Wentzell, Sandra Krejca, Brian Kierstead, John TI Electrically Tunable Surface Plasmon Source for THz Applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Plasmonic; solid-state tunable lasers; surface plasmon; terahertz (THz) ID SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB In this paper, we propose a design for a widely tunable solid-state optically and electrically pumped terahertz source based on the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser. Our design consists of a thin dielectric layer sandwiched between an upper corrugated structure and a lower layer of thin metal, semiconductor, or high-electron-mobility material. The lower layer is for current streaming, which replaces the electron beam in the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser design. The upper layer consists of two micro-gratings for optical pumping, and a nanograting to couple with electrical pumping in the lower layer. The optically generated surface plasmon waves from the upper layer and the electrically induced surface plasmon waves from the lower layer are then coupled. Emission enhancement occurs when the plasmonic waves in both layers are resonantly coupled. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Haji-Saeed, Bahareh; Buchwald, Walter; Woods, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Wentzell, Sandra; Krejca, Brian; Kierstead, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil; bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil; walter.buchwald@hanscom.af.mil; charles.woods@hanscom.af.mil; sandra.wentzell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; bdkrejca@yahoo.com; john.kierstead.ctr@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049255 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 717YV UT WOS:000287086100017 ER PT J AU Foster, ST Wallin, C Ogden, J AF Foster, S. Thomas, Jr. Wallin, Cynthia Ogden, Jeffrey TI Towards a better understanding of supply chain quality management practices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE supply chain quality management (SCQM); supply chain management; operations management; quality management; quality control ID OPERATIONS; FIRMS; PERFORMANCE; INTEGRATION; IMPACT AB This paper reports the results of a comparative study of quality tools and methods adoption by operations and supply chain managers. A survey was administered to both types of managers in the Western United States. Performing a Kruskal Wallis analysis, we found support for the hypothesis that operations and supply chain managers approach quality management differently. We found that operations managers tend to manage supply chains through procedural methods such as ISO 9000 and supplier evaluation. Supply chain managers tend to be more collaborative, emphasising supplier development and complaint resolution. We found that both types of managers adopted on the job training, data analysis, supply chain management, customer relationship management, project management and surveys. This paper represents another step in defining the field of supply chain quality management. C1 [Foster, S. Thomas, Jr.; Wallin, Cynthia] Brigham Young Univ, Marriott Sch Management, Dept Business Management, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ogden, Jeffrey] USAF, AFIT ENS, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foster, ST (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Marriott Sch Management, Dept Business Management, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM tom_foster@byu.edu NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2011 VL 49 IS 8 BP 2285 EP 2300 DI 10.1080/00207541003733791 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 715IZ UT WOS:000286879000008 ER PT J AU Abdel-Motaleb, I Shetty, N Leedy, K Cortez, R AF Abdel-Motaleb, Ibrahim Shetty, Neeraj Leedy, Kevin Cortez, Rebecca TI Investigation of the drain current shift in ZnO thin film transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; LAYER AB A ZnO thin film transistor (TFT), with barium strontium titanate (BST) as a gate oxide, has been fabricated and characterized. The ZnO and the BST layers were deposited using pulsed laser deposition. The I-V characteristics were measured, and an upward shift in the drain current was observed when the voltage sweeping was repeated. The reasons for this shift were investigated and it was found that the shift could be attributed to the combination effect of the reduction in the built-in potential of the grain boundaries, the population and depopulation of trap centers in the channel, and the existence of mobile charges in the gate oxide layer. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3525998] C1 [Abdel-Motaleb, Ibrahim; Shetty, Neeraj] No Illinois Univ, Dept Elect Engn, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Leedy, Kevin] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cortez, Rebecca] Union Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Abdel-Motaleb, I (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Elect Engn, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM ibrahim@ceet.niu.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education; National Science Foundation [EEC-0824341]; Union College FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the American Society for Engineering Education through the Air Force Summer Faculty Program. The authors would like to thank Dr. B. Bayraktaroglu of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Sensors Directorate. The AFM measurements are based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC-0824341. Electron microscopy efforts were supported by Union College's Faculty Research Fund. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 014503 DI 10.1063/1.3525998 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300135 ER PT J AU Jordan, JL Herbold, EB Sutherland, G Fraser, A Borg, J Richards, DW AF Jordan, Jennifer L. Herbold, Eric B. Sutherland, Gerrit Fraser, Andrew Borg, John Richards, D. Wayne TI Shock equation of state of multi-constituent epoxy-metal particulate composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPACTION; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; POWDER; RESIN AB The shock properties of epoxy-based particulate composites have been extensively studied in the literature. Generally, these materials only have a single particulate phase; typically alumina. This paper presents equation of state experiments conducted on five epoxy-based particulate composites. The shock stress and shock velocity states were measured for five different composites: two epoxy-aluminum two-phase composites, with various amounts of aluminum, and three epoxy-aluminum-(metal) composites, where the metal constituent was either copper, nickel, or tungsten. The impact velocities ranged from 300 to 960 m/s. Numerical simulations of the experiments of epoxy-Al are compared with mesoscale simulations of epoxy-Al(2)O(3) composites to investigate the effect of the soft versus hard particulate; additionally, an epoxy-Al-W simulation was conducted to investigate the material properties of the second phase on shock response of these materials. In these epoxy-based particulate composites, the slope of the shock velocity-particle velocity curve appears to depend on the epoxy binder. It is shown that the addition of only 10 vol% of a second, denser metallic phase significantly affects the shock response in these composites. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3531579] C1 [Jordan, Jennifer L.; Richards, D. Wayne] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Herbold, Eric B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Fraser, Andrew; Borg, John] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jennifer.jordan@eglin.af.mil RI Herbold, Eric/G-3432-2011 OI Herbold, Eric/0000-0002-9837-1824 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Mr. Grant Rogerson (NSWC-IH) for assistance with the gas gun experiments. This research was funded by Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013531 DI 10.1063/1.3531579 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300056 ER PT J AU Weaver, AB Alexeenko, AA Greendyke, RB Cambero, JA AF Weaver, Andrew B. Alexeenko, Alina A. Greendyke, Robert B. Cambero, Jose A. TI Flowfield Uncertainty Analysis for Hypersonic Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID POLYNOMIAL CHAOS AB Uncertainty quantification in the hypersonic flow regime offers valuable information to determine physical models in need of improvement and to assist in design of vehicles and flight experiments. Here we present results of uncertainty quantification analysis based on polynomial chaos method to determine flowfield and surface heat flux uncertainty under typical blunt-body reentry conditions. The NASA Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm code [Cheatwood, F., and Gnoffo, P., "Manual for the Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA)," NASA TM 4674, 1996.], was used for axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics calculations of chemically-reacting, hypersonic flow over FIRE 2 configuration. A third-order polynomial chaos method using the Gauss-Hermite quadrature was applied for determining probability density functions and moments of output quantities. Input parameters such as freestream density, velocity, and temperature were varied, and the propagation of their corresponding uncertainties on output properties of interest through the flowfield were studied. The flowfield regions where the uncertainties are amplified due to nonlinear effects have been determined. An order of magnitude increase in surface heat flux uncertainties was observed for an input freestream velocity uncertainty of +/- 30 m/s, or 0.29%. This parameter thus has the greatest sensitivity to variations, and conversely the freestream temperature has the least sensitivity. The utility of analyzing higher moments, such as skewness, in addition to mean and deviation of the uncertain output parameters has also been demonstrated. C1 [Weaver, Andrew B.; Alexeenko, Alina A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Greendyke, Robert B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cambero, Jose A.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weaver, AB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Alexeenko, Alina/B-7168-2011; OI Weaver, Andrew/0000-0001-8799-6549 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.2514/1.49522 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 725IV UT WOS:000287639300001 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Bailey, WF Suchyta, CJ AF Josyula, Eswar Bailey, William F. Suchyta, Casimir J., III TI Dissociation Modeling in Hypersonic Flows Using State-to-State Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID DIATOM-DIATOM COLLISIONS; BLUNT-BODY FLOW; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; NONEQUILIBRIUM NITROGEN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RATE CONSTANTS; RECOMBINATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATION AB Numerical simulations are presented of steady-state hypersonic blunt-body nitrogen flow for conditions under which there is considerable thermal dissociation. The internal energy relaxation processes of vibrational energy transfer and dissociation were treated using state-to-state kinetics of diatomic nitrogen. To gain understanding of the role of vibrational translational rates on dissociation, the vibrational translational rates were implemented in a ladder-climbing model, and the effect of vibrational bias on dissociation was investigated. For temperatures up to 25,000 K, a simplified depletion model with two different sets of vibrational translational rates established the sensitivity of depletion to the relative magnitude of vibrational translational and dissociation rates for dissociation in nitrogen. State-specific vibrational translational and dissociation rates were incorporated into a solution of the master kinetic equations and coupled to the fluid dynamic equations to describe the thermochemical nonequilibrium phenomenon in high-temperature hypersonic flowfields. The flowfield consists of a Mach 19.83 nitrogen flow past a hemisphere cylinder with a radius of 0.1524 m. The full state-specific dissociation model, consisting of 48 quantum levels in the vibrational manifold, was coupled to the fluid dynamic equations. For temperatures in the shock layer ranging from 9000 to 21,000 K, the dissociation primarily takes place from the lower energy levels. C1 [Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Suchyta, Casimir J., III] USAF, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bailey, William F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 47 DI 10.2514/1.49903 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 725IV UT WOS:000287639300003 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Tiley, J Wang, YD Liaw, PK Lilleodden, E AF Barabash, R. I. Tiley, Jaimie Wang, Y. D. Liaw, P. K. Lilleodden, Erica TI Foreword: Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Advanced Materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barabash, R. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wang, Y. D.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lilleodden, Erica] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Mat Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@oml.gov RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42A IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WS UT WOS:000286840300002 ER PT J AU Sasaki, TT Fu, B Torres, K Thompson, GB Srinivasan, R Cherukuri, B Tiley, J AF Sasaki, T. T. Fu, B. Torres, K. Thompson, G. B. Srinivasan, R. Cherukuri, B. Tiley, J. TI Nucleation and growth of alpha-Ti on TiB precipitates in Ti-15Mo-2.6Nb-3Al-0.2Si-0.12B SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE beta-titanium alloy; alpha-titanium; titanium boride; transmission electron microscopy; 3D atom probe analysis ID TRACE BORON ADDITION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; MATRIX COMPOSITE; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION AB The microstructure was investigated of a beta-stabilized Ti-15Mo-2.6Nb-3Al-0.2Si-0.12B alloy at two different aging temperatures, 540 degrees C/8 h and 660 degrees C/8 h. In particular, the heterogeneous nucleation of alpha-Ti from TiB particles was studied at these aging temperatures. At the lower aging temperature, alpha-Ti precipitated as needle-like shapes on the TiB phase. In contrast, the higher aged sample exhibited globular alpha-Ti morphology around the TiB phase. This difference was rationalized in terms of the coarsening behavior of alpha-Ti around the TiB phase. Various orientation relationships were observed between these two samples. This difference is because of the precipitation of alpha-Ti on two different TiB planes. In addition, atom probe analysis confirmed the segregation of alpha and beta stabilizing elements to the respective phases. At the lower aging temperature, it was noted that silicon enriched the alpha-Ti/beta-Ti interface when the alpha-Ti/beta-Ti/TiB were all in contact. Upon alpha-Ti coarsening, silicon enrichment was observed at the alpha-Ti/TiB interface at the higher aging temperature. C1 [Sasaki, T. T.; Fu, B.; Torres, K.; Thompson, G. B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Cherukuri, B.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Thompson, GB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Box 870202, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gthompson@eng.ua.edu RI Sasaki, Taisuke/H-2866-2011; OI Fu, Bianzhu/0000-0003-4085-0889 FU AFRL [FA8650-04-D-5235] FX This research was performed under AFRL contract FA8650-04-D-5235. The Tecnai G2 F20 Super-twin TEM and laser upgrade to the LEAP 3000XSi was acquired through the National Science Foundation Major Instrumentation Program, NSF-DMR-0421376 and NSF-DMR-0722631, respectively. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 6 BP 850 EP 864 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.533134 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 717CO UT WOS:000287020500001 ER PT J AU Richardson, DR Lucht, RP Roy, S Kulatilaka, WD Gord, JR AF Richardson, Daniel R. Lucht, Robert P. Roy, Sukesh Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Gord, James R. TI Single-laser-shot femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering thermometry at 1000 Hz in unsteady flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; Ultrafast spectroscopy; Temporally resolved diagnostics; Driven flame; Thermometry ID FS-CARS SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION FLAME; TEMPERATURE AB Temperature measurements at 1000 Hz in driven and turbulent flames are performed using single-laser-shot femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS). A Hencken burner H-2-air flame is driven at 10 Hz by means of a piston actuator in the air supply line. Temperature measurements are performed by fitting single-laser-shot fs-CARS spectra of N-2. The probe pulse is chirped to map the temporal shape of the Raman coherence into the frequency domain of the CARS signal. The probe pulse is delayed by approximately 2 picoseconds (ps) compared to the simultaneous arrival of the pump and Stokes pulses at the probe volume. The method for calculating theoretical fs-CARS spectra is presented and the procedure for fitting theoretical to experimental spectra is explained. Previous fs-CARS measurements were performed in a heated gas cell and in laminar adiabatic flames. Measurements in a driven H-2-air flame and a turbulent methane-air flame are discussed in this paper. fs-CARS spectra are acquired with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Temperature excursions in the driven flame due to the movement of the piston actuator in the air line are clearly evident, as well as the fluctuations in the turbulent flame. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, Daniel R.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Roy, Sukesh; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@purdue.edu FU US Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-03ER15391]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918, FA8650-09-C-2001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15391, by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Nos. FA8650-09-C-2918 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager), FA8650-09-C-2001, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Tatjana Curcic, Program Manager). NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.060 PN 1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200089 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Roquemore, WM Stouffer, S Blunck, D AF Katta, Viswanath R. Roquemore, William M. Stouffer, Scott Blunck, David TI Dynamic lifted flame in centerbody burner SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Diffusion flame; Lifted flame; Recirculation zone; Soot; Radiation ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; SOOT FORMATION; TRIPLE FLAME; JET; STABILIZATION; PROPAGATION; METHANE; MODELS; EDGE AB During some exploratory experiments performed on a centerbody burner it was observed that the sooting behavior of the burner could be altered dramatically without changing the fluid dynamics. One of the interesting operating regimes, in which the flame lifts off and forms a column of soot, was identified when oxygen in the annular flow was sufficiently reduced. More interestingly, within a narrow window of flow conditions, an unusual toroidal flame was observed near the base of the lifted flame. This paper describes the numerical and experimental studies performed for understanding this peculiar toroidal flame tube. A time-dependent, axisymmetric, detailed-chemistry CFD model (UNICORN) is used. Combustion and PAH formation are modeled using Wang-Frenklach mechanism and soot is simulated using a two-equation model of Lindstedt. Calculations have accurately predicted the steady lifted flame that is anchored to the outer edge of the recirculation zone. Lift-off height of the computed flame matched well with that of the experiment. A dynamic lifted flame is then established through periodically oscillating the annular flow. The edge of the lifted flame is found to dance along the outer periphery of the recirculation zone while vortical structures establish downstream of it. However, none of the calculations made with varying flow conditions or perturbations yielded a toroidal-flame structure near the base of the lifted flame. Surprisingly, when time-averaging was performed for the CH-radical distributions of the dancing flame a toroidal flame-like structure, very similar to that observed in the experiment, appeared near the flame base. Based on these calculations and high-speed movies of the experimental flame it is concluded that the observed toroidal flame is an optical illusion created through the natural time-averaging process of the human eye. Detailed structures of the computed oscillating flame are compared with the thermal images of the flame obtained using an infrared camera. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Roquemore, William M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stouffer, Scott] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blunck, David] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@gmail.com FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, Bruce Sartwell) FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, Bruce Sartwell). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.153 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200129 ER PT J AU Yizengaw, E Moldwin, MB Mebrahtu, A Damtie, B Zesta, E Valladares, CE Doherty, P AF Yizengaw, E. Moldwin, M. B. Mebrahtu, A. Damtie, B. Zesta, E. Valladares, C. E. Doherty, P. TI Comparison of storm time equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics in the African and American sectors SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equatorial Electrojet; Equatorial ionosphere; Electric fields; CIR-driven storm ID SEVERE MAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETOMETER OBSERVATIONS; LONGITUDINAL VARIATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DRIFT VELOCITIES; ELECTROJET; SYSTEM; FIELD AB The characteristics of storm time (corotating interaction regions (CIR)-driven storm that happened on 9 August 2008) equatorial electrojet (EEJ) phenomena and their effect on the ionospheric density structure at two different longitudinal sectors are presented. Equatorial magnetometer data, occultation density profiles from COSMIC and CHAMP LEO satellites, and ground-based GPS TEC are used. We find unusual density reduction around local noon at the same time when we observe the reversal of electrojet current and thus counter-equatorial electrojet (CEJ) signatures. The continuous energy deposition in to high latitudes due to the CIR-driven storm that triggers the E-region dynamo and the penetrating magnetospheric origin electric field is suggested to be responsible for the reversal of equatorial electrojet current flows. We also compare the magnitude and direction of the driving force (E x B drift) in the American and African sectors for the first time. It was found that at the same local time the E x B drift in the American sector is stronger than that of the African sector. Previously, the uneven distribution of ground-based instruments hindered our ability to obtain a global understanding of the dynamics and structure of the ionosphere. The newly deployed ground-based instruments, primarily in the African sector, provide the opportunity to observe the governing equatorial electrodynamics simultaneously with the ionospheric density structures detected by the instrument onboard low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. To our knowledge this is the first simultaneous observation performed in the African sector. This case study may provide additional input that could be used to explain the unique density irregularities that are often seen from in situ satellite observation in the African sector, a region that has been devoid of ground-based instrumentations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yizengaw, E.; Valladares, C. E.; Doherty, P.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Moldwin, M. B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mebrahtu, A.] Mekelle Univ, Dept Phys, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Damtie, B.] Bahir Dar Univ, Washera Geospace & Radar Sci Lab, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. [Zesta, E.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Yizengaw, E (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kassie@bc.edu RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011; Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770; Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 FU NASA [NNX07AM22G, NNX08AF33G]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0096] FX This work was supported by NASA IHY and Guest Investigator programs (NNX07AM22G and NNX08AF33G) and AFOSR grant (FA9550-10-1-0096). The authors are indebted to the IGS and UCAR/COSMIC program for the GPS and occultation data, respectively. We also thank the WIND and ACE team for the solar wind data. The geomagnetic indexes (Dst, Kp) and solar wind data are obtained from the World Data Center. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 73 IS 1 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.08.008 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717UO UT WOS:000287073100018 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB Sigthorsson, DO AF Oppenheimer, Michael W. Doman, David B. Sigthorsson, David O. TI Dynamics and Control of a Biomimetic Vehicle Using Biased Wingbeat Forcing Functions SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; HAWKMOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; FLAPPING FLIGHT; POWER REQUIREMENTS; ROBOTIC INSECTS; AERODYNAMICS; KINEMATICS; MECHANICS; LIFT; BUMBLEBEES AB A wingbeat forcing function and control method are presented that allow six-degree-of-freedom control of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle using only two actuator's, each of which independently actuate a wing. Split-cycle constant-period frequency modulation with wing bias is used to produce nonzero cycle-averaged drag. The wing bias provides pitching-moment control and, when coupled with split-cycle constant-period frequency modulation, requires only independently actuated wings to enable six-degree-of-freedom flight. Wing bias shifts the cycle-averaged center-of-pressure locations of the wings, thus providing the ability to pitch the vehicle. Implementation of the wing bias is discussed, and modifications to the wingbeat forcing function are made to maintain wing position continuity. Instantaneous and cycle-averaged forces and moments are computed, cycle-averaged control derivatives are calculated, and a controller is developed. The controller is designed using a simplified aerodynamic model derived with blade-element theory and cycle averaging. The controller is tested using a simulation that includes blade-element-based estimates of the instantaneous aerodynamic forces and moments that are generated by the combined motion of the rigid-body fuselage and the flapping wings. Simulations using this higher-fidelity model indicate that the cycle-averaged blade-element-based controller is capable of achieving controlled flight. C1 [Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Doman, David B.; Sigthorsson, David O.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oppenheimer, MW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146,Room 305, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil; David.Sigthorsson@gdit.com FU National Research Council FX This research was performed while David O. Sigthorsson held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.2514/1.49735 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 719CV UT WOS:000287178100015 ER PT J AU Gruber, D Warner, W Lombardini, E Zahn, C Buller, J AF Gruber, Daniel Warner, William Lombardini, Eric Zahn, Christopher Buller, Jerome TI ANATOMIC AND HISTOLOGIC EXAMINATION OF THE PORCINE VAGINA AND SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURES: IN SEARCH OF AN IDEAL MODEL FOR PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT SO NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Winter Meeting of the Society-for-Urodynamics-and-Female-Urology CY MAR 01-06, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Soc Urodynam Female Urol C1 [Gruber, Daniel; Warner, William] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lombardini, Eric] USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Zahn, Christopher; Buller, Jerome] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-2467 J9 NEUROUROL URODYNAM JI Neurourol. Urodyn. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 223 EP 224 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 716UB UT WOS:000286997900046 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Peyghambarian, N Yamamoto, M AF Khoury, Jed Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Peyghambarian, Nasser Yamamoto, Michiharu TI Four-wave mixing real-time intensity filtering with organic photorefractive materials SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE photorefractive optics; nonlinear optical signal processing; optical nonlinearities in organic materials ID EDGE-ENHANCEMENT AB In this paper, we exploit the nonlinearity inherent in four-wave mixing in organic photorefractive materials and demonstrate edge enhancement, contrast conversion, and defect enhancement in a periodic structure. With the availability of these materials, which have large space-bandwidth products, edge enhancement, contrast conversion and defect enhancement are possible. Some simulation results also are provided. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3530048] C1 [Khoury, Jed; Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kierstead, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Peyghambarian, Nasser] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Yamamoto, Michiharu] Nitto Denko Tech, Oceanside, CA 92058 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 AR 018201 DI 10.1117/1.3530048 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 713IL UT WOS:000286731100033 ER PT J AU Sanghera, J Bayya, S Villalobos, G Kim, W Frantz, J Shaw, B Sadowski, B Miklos, R Baker, C Hunt, M Aggarwal, I Kung, F Reicher, D Peplinski, S Ogloza, A Langston, P Lamar, C Varmette, P Dubinskiy, M DeSandre, L AF Sanghera, Jas Bayya, Shyam Villalobos, Guillermo Kim, Woohong Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Sadowski, Bryan Miklos, R. Baker, Colin Hunt, Michael Aggarwal, Ishwar Kung, Fred Reicher, David Peplinski, Stan Ogloza, Al Langston, Peter Lamar, Chuck Varmette, Peter Dubinskiy, Mark DeSandre, Lewis TI Transparent ceramics for high-energy laser systems SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Spinel; Transparent ceramics; Laser ceramics ID GLASS; COEFFICIENT; WINDOW AB We demonstrate that transparent magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic possesses excellent thermo-optical properties, a record low absorption loss of 6 ppm/cm, and superior ruggedness which position it as a prime candidate for an exit window aperture for high energy laser systems, especially in hostile environments. We also demonstrate lasing with an efficiency of about 45% in transparent Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramic made by hot pressing high purity submicron co-precipitated powder. This paves the way forward for high power solid state lasers exploiting hosts with higher thermal conductivity than YAG. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sanghera, Jas; Bayya, Shyam; Villalobos, Guillermo; Kim, Woohong; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Baker, Colin; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Miklos, R.; Kung, Fred] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Reicher, David; Peplinski, Stan] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Ogloza, Al; Langston, Peter] NAWC, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Lamar, Chuck] USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. [Varmette, Peter] SAIC, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Dubinskiy, Mark] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [DeSandre, Lewis] ONR Global, London, England. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jasbinder.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015; OI Reicher, David/0000-0002-3512-1975 FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); Office of Naval Research FX This program was funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to acknowledge the collaboration with MER Corp. (Tucson, AZ) for demonstrating scale-up to a 12 in. x 16 in. ceramic spinel window. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2010.10.038 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 721IY UT WOS:000287348000044 ER PT J AU Kulatilaka, WD Gord, JR Roy, S AF Kulatilaka, W. D. Gord, J. R. Roy, S. TI Effects of O-2-CO2 polarization beating on femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) spectroscopy of O-2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; THERMOMETRY; CO2; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; LASERS; CM(-1); FLOWS; N-2 AB Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) spectroscopy has recently emerged as a promising laser-based temperature-measurement technique in flames. In fs-CARS, the broad spectral bandwidths of the pump and Stokes lasers permit the coupling of each ro-vibrational Raman transition via a large number of pump-Stokes photon pairs, creating a strong Raman coherence. However, the broad-bandwidth fs pulses also excite other molecular transitions that are in resonance. The polarization beating between these closely spaced Raman transitions can affect the coherence dephasing rate of the target molecule, making it difficult to extract accurate medium temperature. In a previous study our group investigated N-2/CO polarization beating in N-2 fs-CARS; in the present work we study O-2/CO2 polarization beating in O-2 fs-CARS. O-2 fs-CARS can be particularly important for thermometry in non-air-breathing combustion in the absence of N-2. The effects of O-2/CO2 polarization beating are investigated in the temperature range 300-900 K at atmospheric pressure and also at 300 K for pressures up to 10 bar. Unlike in the N-2/CO system, it was observed in the O-2/CO2 system that the presence of CO2 can significantly alter the time evolution of the Raman coherence and, hence, affect the measured temperature. C1 [Kulatilaka, W. D.; Roy, S.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM waruna.kulatilaka@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918, FA8650-09-C-2001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Nos. FA8650-09-C-2918 and FA8650-09-C-2001 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. Julian Tishkoff and Tatjana Curcic, Program Managers). NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-4188-2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 709HS UT WOS:000286429700021 ER PT J AU Morscher, GN John, R Zawada, L Brewer, D Ojard, G Calomino, A AF Morscher, Gregory N. John, Reji Zawada, Larry Brewer, David Ojard, Greg Calomino, Anthony TI Creep in vacuum of woven Sylramic-iBN melt-infiltrated composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Thermomechanical properties; Environmental degradation ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SICF-SIBC COMPOSITES; STRESS-RUPTURE; HI-NICALON; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; AIR; MINICOMPOSITES; INTERPHASE AB In order to better understand the effect of stressed-oxidation, the performance of woven Sylramic-iBN fiber-reinforced slurry cast melt-infiltrated (MI) composites were tested in creep and fatigue under non-oxidizing conditions. Initially creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204 degrees C in an argon atmosphere; however, it was observed that sufficient oxidizing species existed in the environment to degrade the composites in a manner similar to air environments. Therefore, creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204 degrees C in a vacuum environment which showed no evidence of oxidation and superior properties to composites subjected to stressed-oxidation conditions. The mechanical results and microscopy of the vacuum and argon are compared to the behavior of these composites tested in air. It was found that the stress-rupture properties of the vacuum-tested composites could be predicted from single fiber creep rupture data assuming reasonable values for the Weibull modulus. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morscher, Gregory N.] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [John, Reji; Zawada, Larry] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brewer, David] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. [Ojard, Greg] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Calomino, Anthony] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Morscher, GN (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM gm33@uakron.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate through University of Dayton Research Institute FX We would like to thank John Zima of the University of Toledo for running the vacuum tests, Professor William Curtin for discussions concerning the use of his model, and Thomas Smith for programming assistance. This effort was partially funded by Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate under a subcontract through University of Dayton Research Institute. All tests were performed at NASA Glenn Research Center. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.10.003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 702ON UT WOS:000285904100009 ER PT J AU Davis, B Barrett, AR Murray, TM AF Davis, B. Barrett, A. R. Murray, T. M. TI USE OF A FORCE PLATE VERSUS ARMATURE ACCELEROMETER FOR MEASURING FREQUENCY RESPONSE FUNCTIONS SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FLOORS C1 [Davis, B.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Civil Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Barrett, A. R.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Murray, T. M.] Virginia Tech, Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Davis, B (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Civil Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM bdavis@engr.uky.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2009.00557.x PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 711PU UT WOS:000286604700013 ER PT J AU Cao, YC Gu, GX Pachter, M AF Cao, Yichao Gu, Guoxiang Pachter, Meir TI Target Motion Analysis Based on Peak Power Measurements using Networked Sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING AB Target motion analysis (TMA) using a network of wireless sensors/receivers which measure the power from a mobile RF emitter is considered. Due to limited communication capability of each sensor node, only peak power measurements from sensor nodes are transmitted to the fusion center. We present two main results that yield the optimum sensors' configuration such that the asymptotically achievable error variance of the target trajectory's estimate is minimized, and we derive efficient numerical algorithms for computing the optimum estimates of the trajectory of the moving target, thus achieving the goal of TMA. C1 [Cao, Yichao] Donghua Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Gu, Guoxiang] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), Donghua Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. EM ggu@lsu.edu FU United States Air Force FX This research is supported in part by the United States Air Force. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705701 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YO UT WOS:000286931800047 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Cain, SC Schmidt, JD Havrilla, MJ AF Hyde, Milo W. Cain, Stephen C. Schmidt, Jason D. Havrilla, Michael J. TI Material Classification of an Unknown Object Using Turbulence-Degraded Polarimetric Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Deconvolution; dielectric materials; imaging; metals; optical scattering; polarimetry; random media ID REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; BLIND DECONVOLUTION; COMPUTER VISION; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; SURFACES; NOISE; LASER; SAR AB In this paper, a material-classification technique using polarimetric imagery degraded by atmospheric turbulence is presented. The classification technique described here determines whether an object is composed of dielectric or metallic materials. The technique implements a modified version of the LeMaster and Cain polarimetric maximum-likelihood blind-deconvolution algorithm in order to remove atmospheric distortion and correctly classify the unknown object. The dielectric/metal classification decision is based on degree-of-linear-polarization (DOLP) maximum-likelihood estimates provided by two novel DOLP priors (one being representative of dielectric materials and the other being representative of metallic materials) developed in this paper. The DOLP estimate, which maximizes the log-likelihood function, determines the image pixel's classification. Included in this paper is the review and modification of the LeMaster and Cain deconvolution algorithm. Also provided is the development of the novel DOLP priors, including their mathematical forms and the physical insight underlying their formulation. Lastly, the experimental results of two dielectric and metallic samples are provided to validate the proposed classification technique. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Cain, Stephen C.; Schmidt, Jason D.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2053547 PN 1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701SZ UT WOS:000285845000023 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Dannenhoffer, JF Clark, JP AF Davis, Roger L. Dannenhoffer, John F., III Clark, John P. TI Conjugate Design/Analysis Procedure for Film-Cooled Turbine Airfoil Sections SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-07, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION; FLOW; JET AB An automated procedure is presented for the conjugate Navier-Stokes with heat conduction design and analysis of film-cooled turbine airfoil sections. In this procedure, the internal-cooling plenums inside of the airfoil and the layer of thermal barrier coating are automatically constructed and computational grids for the main flowpath, cooling plenums, turbine walls, thermal barrier coating, and cooling tubes are generated. Embedded overlaid grids are used for the cooling tubes, allowing for any arbitrary placement without regridding of the main flowpath, turbine walls, or cooling plenums. The multidisciplinary use of embedded overlaid grids makes this approach unique and effective for automated optimization procedures. The techniques used to construct the geometry and various computational grids and the treatment of embedded overlaid grids in the Navier-Stokes procedure are described. Demonstration of the procedure is provided for a transonic turbine vane. C1 [Davis, Roger L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dannenhoffer, John F., III] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Clark, John P.] USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM davisrl@ucdavis.edu; jfdannen@syr.edu; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.2514/1.48451 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 711EZ UT WOS:000286571200005 ER PT J AU Blunck, DL Gore, JP AF Blunck, David L. Gore, Jay P. TI Study of Narrowband Radiation Intensity Measurements from Subsonic Exhaust Plumes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID INFRARED SIGNATURE; JET AB Narrowband radiation intensity measurements were obtained of exhaust plumes exiting from a converging nozzle with varying Reynolds numbers (2.4-6.1 x 10(5)), Mach numbers (0.4-1.0), and temperatures and species compositions corresponding to low fuel-to-air equivalence ratios (0.17-0.28). The plumes were generated by burning jet A with dry air flowing through a laboratory gas turbine combustor. Radiation intensity measurements were acquired using an infrared camera fitted with a narrowband filter (4.34 +/- 0.1 mu m). The narrowband radiation intensity leaving a diametric path exhibited a power dependence (2.8) on the equivalence ratio. Smaller changes in the intensity were observed for plumes with near-identical equivalence ratios but varying exit velocities. These smaller changes are attributed to differences in the sensible and kinetic energy and the changes in the mixing rates with ambient air. The magnitude of the radiation intensities emanating from chordlike paths normalized by that emitted from the diametric path (at an identical distance from the nozzle exit) plotted as a function of the distance between these paths show approximately self-similar profiles for some conditions. A departure from the self-similar profiles is observed for conditions where the width of the infrared images contracts significantly. For the test conditions studied, the intensity emanating from the diametric paths first decayed linearly with increasing distance from the nozzle exit and then decayed exponentially with an inflexion point near the end of the plume core. C1 [Blunck, David L.] USAF, Res Lab, Combust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gore, Jay P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Blunck, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Combust Branch, 1950 5th St,Bldg 490, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.2514/1.47962 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 711EZ UT WOS:000286571200022 ER PT J AU Fu, XA Zhang, C Liang, R Wang, B Fielding, JC AF Fu, Xiang Zhang, Chuck Liang, Richard Wang, Ben Fielding, Jennifer C. TI High Temperature Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding of Phenylethynyl Terminated Imide Composites SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article AB Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) has proven to be a cost effective process for manufacturing composite structures compared with prepreg/autoclave and traditional resin transfer molding (RTM) processes. However, VARTM has not been accomplished with high temperature resins (such as polyimides) until recently, primarily because no resins had low melt viscosity and long melt stability that are required by VARTM. With the recent invention of phenylethynyl terminated imides (PETIs), high temperature VARTM has been achieved. Two processing methods, in-plane and through-thickness resin flow, were proposed and tested. Both methods are capable of fabricating polyimide matrix composites; and the carbon fiber laminates yield good fiber-resin interfacial bonding and comparable mechanical properties to those laminates fabricated using RTM. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:52-58, 2011. (C) 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Fu, Xiang; Zhang, Chuck; Liang, Richard; Wang, Ben] FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Fu, Xiang; Zhang, Chuck; Liang, Richard; Wang, Ben] Florida State Univ, High Performance Mat Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Fielding, Jennifer C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM chzhang@eng.fsu.edu FU AFOSR; ONR; NSF I/UCRC FX Contract grant sponsors: AFOSR, ONR, and NSF I/UCRC Program. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1002/pc.21015 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 702OP UT WOS:000285904300008 ER PT J AU Ashokkumar, CR Jeffcoat, DE AF Ashokkumar, C. R. Jeffcoat, D. E. TI Dynamic feasibility of cooperative systems under communication delay SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE distributed systems; dynamic feasibility; formations; communication delay AB In this article, the dynamic feasibility of a finite set of spatially distributed systems to engage in a formation is investigated. When system design capabilities such as state and input constraints are given, formation options may be limited, due to initial condition errors resulting from modelling uncertainties, exogenous inputs, etc. These underlying factors in turn affect the feasibility of interconnection, which are the design variables used to synthesize a formation. In a leader-follower framework, it is shown that, in some cases, the communication delay has a favourable effect on the feasibility of interconnections, i.e. a communication delay can convert an infeasible interconnection into a feasible one and increase the formation options. A mobile robot example is provided for illustration. C1 [Ashokkumar, C. R.] Jain Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bangalore 562 112, Karnataka, India. [Ashokkumar, C. R.; Jeffcoat, D. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Ashokkumar, CR (reprint author), Jain Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bangalore 562 112, Karnataka, India. EM chimpalthradi@gmail.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2011 VL 225 IS G1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1243/2041302510JAERO767 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 712AZ UT WOS:000286635700006 ER PT J AU Andino, MY Wallace, RD Glauser, MN Camphouse, RC Schmit, RF Myatt, JH AF Andino, Marlyn Y. Wallace, Ryan D. Glauser, Mark N. Camphouse, R. Chris Schmit, Ryan F. Myatt, James H. TI Boundary Feedback Flow Control: Proportional Control with Potential Application to Aero-Optics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LAYER AB A large percentage of the losses in performance and effectiveness of airborne optical systems are caused by turbulence. In an effort to reduce these adverse effects in airborne optical systems, we are exploring the use of both open- and closed-loop flow control over a cylindrical turret. A series of experiments were performed at a Reynolds number of 2 x 10(6), based on the turret's diameter and freestream velocity, which corresponds to a Mach number of 0.3. The three-dimensional turret contained an actuation system that consists of 17 synthetic jets placed upstream from the leading edge of the aperture. Initially, a large database containing no control and open-loop control was obtained. These data sets provide a rich ensemble for the development and application of a simple proportional closed-loop control with the use of proper orthogonal decomposition. Surface pressure measurements were acquired across the aperture region for all cases studied. Results from the open-loop test demonstrate a reduction of 19.6% in the root-mean-square values when compared to the baseline case. The closed-loop flow control results show that the root-mean-square pressure fluctuations are reduced by 25.7%, the integral scales are significantly reduced, and the flow is driven toward homogeneity. C1 [Andino, Marlyn Y.; Wallace, Ryan D.; Glauser, Mark N.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13211 USA. [Camphouse, R. Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. [Schmit, Ryan F.; Myatt, James H.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Andino, MY (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13211 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.2514/1.44742 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707RT UT WOS:000286304400002 ER PT J AU Jennings, A Black, J Allen, C Simpkins, J Sollars, R AF Jennings, A. Black, J. Allen, C. Simpkins, J. Sollars, R. TI Vibrometer Steering System for Dynamic In-flight Tracking and Measurement SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Laser steering; Videogrammetry; Data fusion; Noncontact measurement ID VIDEOGRAMMETRY; UNCERTAINTY AB A noncontact measurement system is developed for measuring lightweight flexible structures in motion by steering a vibrometer beam to a point on the structure located by videogrammetry. Triangulation of video data, videogrammetry, can capture large scale motion in near real-time, but has limited data collection rates and spatial resolution. Laser vibrometry can capture minute structural vibrations but requires precise alignment. This paper presents a method to register a vibrometry system within a videogrammetry system so that the vibrometer can be steered to sub-degree accuracy. Because videogrammetry is data intensive, there is some processing delay resulting in tracking error. By using a Kalman filter, dynamic tracking error can be reduced by half. Vibration results compared to baseline cases show no impairment to natural frequency measurement. The dynamic in-flight tracking and measurement system will allow testing of more sensitive structures such as flexible wing air vehicles or deployable space structures. C1 [Black, J.; Allen, C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jennings, A.] So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Simpkins, J.; Sollars, R.] Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Allen, C (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2905 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.Jennings.ctr@afit.edu; Jonathan.Black@afit.edu; Christopher.Allen@afit.edu; jsimpkin@nd.edu; rsollars@trinity.edu RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s11340-010-9337-3 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 706GK UT WOS:000286205800006 ER PT S AU Dorman, SEG Lee, Y AF Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon Lee, Yongwon BE Guagliano, M Vergani, L TI Effect of chromate primer on corrosion fatigue in aluminum alloy 7075 SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS (ICM11) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Materials (ICM) CY 2011 CL Como, ITALY DE chromate primer; corrosion fatigue; aluminum alloy 7075; corrosion fatigue inhibition AB The Center for Aircraft Structural Life Extension (CAStLE) at the United States Air Force (USAF) Academy has undertaken work to produce a standardized test method for determining the effect of a corrosion inhibitor containing chromate on small scale fatigue damage. CAStLE is specifically focusing their research on the effect of chromate primers on the pit-to-crack transition and crack growth under the USAF damage tolerant flaw size (1.5 mm). Quantifying the chromate effect on the small damage scale is necessary to provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of new and safer coatings on fatigue life. To correctly account for these factors, bare and chromate primered test specimens of AA7075-T651 were produced with a center hole and a corrosion pit at the edge of the hole, and subsequently fatigued using representative environments and loading schemes until a thumbnail crack of approximately 1 mm radius was produced. How chromate coatings effect fatigue crack growth is dependent on enough chromate leaching from a coating to reduce the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in the time it takes to grow from a 300 mu m pit to a 1 mm fatigue crack. The current results suggest that the amount of chromate required to leach from the primer to affect FCGR may be highly dependent on the amount of chloride present. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of ICM11 C1 [Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon; Lee, Yongwon] USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dorman, SEG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2L7, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM sarah.galyon_dorman.ctr@usafa.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2011 VL 10 BP 1220 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.203 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BYU61 UT WOS:000300451301040 ER PT B AU Iyer, N Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Iyer, Nandini Brungart, Douglas S. Simpson, Brian D. GP Int Speech Commun Assoc TI Segregation of whispered speech interleaved with noise or speech maskers SO 12TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011) CY AUG 27-31, 2011 CL Florence, ITALY SP Int Speech Commun Assoc (ISCA) DE Target intelligibility; whispered speech; voiced speech; sequential segregation; simultaneous segregation ID SYLLABLES; VOWELS AB Some listening environments require listeners to segregate a whispered target talker from a background of other talkers. In this experiment, a whispered speech signal was presented continuously in the presence of a continuous masker (noise, voiced speech or whispered speech) or alternated with the masker at an 8-Hz rate. Performance was near ceiling in the alternated whisper and noise condition, suggesting that harmonic structure due to voicing is not necessary to segregate a speech signal from an interleaved random-noise masker. Indeed, when whispered speech was interleaved with voiced speech, performance decreased relative to the continuous condition when the target talker was voiced but not when it was whispered, suggesting that listeners are better at selectively attending to unvoiced intervals and ignoring voiced intervals than the converse. C1 [Iyer, Nandini; Simpson, Brian D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iyer, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nandini.Iyer@wpafb.af.mil; Douglas.Brungart@us.army.mil; Brian.Simpson@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was funded by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INT SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61839-270-1 PY 2011 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEG84 UT WOS:000316502200011 ER PT S AU Hu, M Li, H Chen, YR Wang, XB Pino, RE AF Hu, Miao Li, Hai Chen, Yiran Wang, Xiaobin Pino, Robinson E. GP IEEE TI Geometry Variations Analysis of TiO2 Thin-Film and Spintronic Memristors SO 2011 16TH ASIA AND SOUTH PACIFIC DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (ASP-DAC) SE Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) CY JAN 25-28, 2011 CL Yokohama, JAPAN ID INTRINSIC PARAMETER FLUCTUATIONS; MOSFETS AB The fourth passive circuit element, memristor, has attracted increased attentions since the first real device was discovered by HP Lab in 2008. Its distinctive characteristic to record the historic profile of the voltage/current through itself creates great potentials in future system design. However, as a nano-scale device, memristor is facing great challenge on process variation control in the manufacturing. In this work, we analyze the impact of the geometry variations on the electrical properties of both TiO2 thin-film and spintronic memristors, including line edge roughness and thickness fluctuation. A simple algorithm was proposed to generate a large volume of geometry variation-aware three-dimensional device structures for Monte-Carlo simulations. Our simulation results show that due to the different physical mechanisms, TiO2 thin-film memristor and spintronic memristor demonstrate very different electrical characteristics even when exposing them to the same excitations and under the same process variation conditions. C1 [Hu, Miao; Li, Hai] Polytech Inst NYU, Dept ECE, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept ECE, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wang, Xiaobin] Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. [Pino, Robinson E.] RITC, Air Force Res Lab, St Bonaventure, NY USA. RP Hu, M (reprint author), Polytech Inst NYU, Dept ECE, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mhu01@students.poly.edu; hli@poly.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; xiaobin.wang@seagate.com; robinson.pino@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6961 BN 978-1-4244-7516-2 J9 ASIA S PACIF DES AUT PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BYN26 UT WOS:000299427300005 ER PT S AU Harmer, PK Williams, MD Temple, MA AF Harmer, Paul K. Williams, McKay D. Temple, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Using DE-Optimized LFS Processing to Enhance 4G Communication Security SO 2011 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (ICCCN) SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, U. S. Nat Sci Fdn (NSF), QUALCOMM, Microsoft Res, Eic DE Wireless; Security; Fingerprinting; Differential Evolution; Genetic; Algorithm; 4G; 802.16; WiMAX; 802.11; WiFi; Learning from Signals AB Wireless communication networks remain under attack with ill-intentioned 'hackers" routinely gaining unauthorized access through Wireless Access Points-one of the most vulnerable points in an Information Technology (IT) system. The goal here is to demonstrate the feasibility of using Radio Frequency (RF) air monitoring to augment conventional bit-level security at WAPs. The specific networks of interest include those based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), to include 802.11a/g WiFi and 4G 802.16 WiMAX. Proof-of-concept results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of a 'Learning from Signals' (LFS) classifier with Gaussian kernel bandwidth parameters optimally determined using Differential Evolution (DE). The resultant DE-optimized LFS classifier is implemented within an RF 'Distinct Native Attribute' (RF-DNA) fingerprinting process with both Time Domain (TD) and Spectral Domain (SD) features input to the classifier. The RF-DNA is used for intra-manufacturer (like-model devices from a given manufacturer) discrimination of IEEE compliant 802.11a WiFi devices and 802.16e WiMAX devices. A comparative performance assessment is provided using results from the proposed DE-optimized LFS classifier and a Bayesian-based Multiple Discriminant Analysis/Maximum Likelihood (MDA/ML) classifier as used in previous demonstrations. The assessment is performed using identical TD and SD fingerprint features for both classifiers. Preliminary results of the DE-optimized classifier are very promising, with correct classification improvement of 15% to 40% realized over the range of signal to noise ratios considered. C1 [Harmer, Paul K.; Williams, McKay D.; Temple, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harmer, PK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Harmer@afit.edu; McKay.Williams@afit.edu; Michael.Temple@afit.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4577-0638-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2011 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYL72 UT WOS:000299260700216 ER PT S AU Tassev, V Snure, M Peterson, R Bliss, D Bryant, G Goodhue, W Vangala, S Termkoa, K Lin, A Harris, JS Fejer, MM Yapp, C AF Tassev, V. Snure, M. Peterson, R. Bliss, D. Bryant, G. Goodhue, W. Vangala, S. Termkoa, K. Lin, A. Harris, J. S. Fejer, M. M. Yapp, C. BE Koch, M TI Fast epitaxial growth of thick quasi-phase matched GaP for applications in the MIR and THz: determination of the optimal substrate and pattern orientation SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB Halide vapor phase epitaxial growth of GaP was performed on GaP half- and orientation-patterned templates. This allowed optimization of substrate material, patterning approach and pattern orientation, which resulted in growth of +350 mu m thick quasi-phase matched GaP with successful replication of the initial patterns. C1 [Tassev, V.; Snure, M.; Peterson, R.; Bliss, D.; Bryant, G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tassev, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300490 ER PT S AU Paez, TL Lacy, SL Babuska, V Miller, DN AF Paez, Thomas L. Lacy, Seth L. Babuska, Vit Miller, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI Improved Stochastic Process Models for Linear Structure Behavior SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID UNCERTAINTIES AB Linear mathematical models frequently provide good approximations to the input-output relations for real systems. However, ensembles of systems that are nominally identical cannot, usually, be adequately represented with a single model because real systems are stochastic. The randomness in real systems must be modeled if the randomness bears on critical behaviors of the system. The behavior of linear systems can be represented in parametric or non-parametric form; the latter framework is used, here. Among the frameworks available for characterization of system behavior, we choose the frequency response function (FRF). We choose to work with the FRF because many system attributes can be interpreted by inspection of the FRF, and it can be used directly for control design. This paper improves a previously developed Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) representation for linear system behavior based on FRF data. The improvement yields a compact representation of the uncertainty inherent in an ensemble of systems and avoids the introduction of unwanted features in the system representation. This non-parametric, compact representation of the distribution of linear systems can then be used to characterize the performance and stability of a given feedback control law, as well as for control law design. C1 [Paez, Thomas L.] MannaTech Engn, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. [Lacy, Seth L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Miller, Daniel N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Paez, TL (reprint author), MannaTech Engn, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. EM tlpaez@bresnan.net; seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil; vbabusk@sandia.gov; d6miller@ucsd.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-09-C-0362]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate under contract FA9453-09-C-0362 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376000008 ER PT S AU Kim, D Leve, FA Fitz-Coy, N Dixon, WE AF Kim, D. Leve, F. A. Fitz-Coy, N. Dixon, W. E. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Attitude Control for a Small Satellite with Integrated Singularity Avoidance and Momentum Management SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID GYROS; IPACS AB An adaptive attitude controller for a small satellite utilizing variable speed control moment gyroscopes (VSCMGs) is proposed, which performs integrated singularity avoidance and momentum management using null motion. An adaptive controller yields accurate attitude tracking while the VSCMG null motion achieves singularity avoidance and momentum management. The proposed controller compensates for parametric uncertainties present in the nonlinear satellite dynamics. Asymptotic attitude tracking and exponential momentum tracking are proven via Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results indicate the performance of the proposed controller as a VSCMG steering law. C1 [Kim, D.; Fitz-Coy, N.; Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Leve, F. A.] US Air Force, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ndsatellite@ufl.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; nfc@ufl.edu; wdixon@ufl.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 1015 EP 1020 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376001087 ER PT S AU Benson, L Grigg, SJ Bowman, DR Cook, M Pargas, RP AF Benson, Lisa Grigg, Sarah Jane Bowman, David R. Cook, Michelle Pargas, Roy P. GP ASEE TI CU THINKING: PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES REVEALED SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB In order to analyze engineering students' problem-solving strategies, we are collecting work completed on Tablet PCs and analyzing the digital Ink using "tags" to identify events of interest using custom-designed software called MuseInk. The work collected includes problems completed in a first year engineering course at Clemson University (CU) specifically selected for their level of complexity, potential for multiple approaches or representations, and the level of structure and/or definition provided. A "Tag Universe," a database of procedural events, errors, and other items of interest, has been developed to tag relevant events within student work. The Tag Universe is organized into categories based on a theoretical framework of process activities used during problem solving: knowledge access, knowledge generation and self-management. Tags include items such as sketching the problem, identifying known and unknown values, manipulating an equation to solve for a desired variable, and checking the reasonableness of a solution. In addition, student errors are categorized (conceptual, procedural, and mechanical), and students' recognition of their errors are being analyzed based on signal detection theory. This identifies "hits" (student makes an error and self-corrects), "misses" (student makes an error and does not recognize it) and "false alarms"(student second-guesses a correct approach). MuseInk also allows the insertion of audio tags to document students' verbal commentaries about what they were thinking when specific events occurred. A user survey was implemented to identify ways to increase benefits to students using MuseInk. Tutorials and additional classroom activities using MuseInk were developed based on survey data for use in Fall 2010/Spring 2011. To date, worked solutions and audio commentary for three problem sets were collected from total of 26 students (19 males, 7 females). One of the three problem sets has been tagged by our research team, and inter-rater reliability analysis was conducted to ensure consistent tagging. Tag data (written and verbal) is in the process of being analyzed in terms of relationships between tag categories and students' academic backgrounds and prior knowledge about engineering. We are beginning to define criteria for structuring problems to allow students from a broad array of prior educational experiences and academic preparation to develop effective and transferrable problem-solving skills. While our methods, which use MuseInk as a research tool, are evolving, we are also considering how the software is being used as an instructional tool. A user survey was implemented to identify ways to increase benefits to students using MuseInk. Activities using MuseInk both inside and outside the classroom are being developed based on survey data, such as tutorials and peer feedback. C1 [Benson, Lisa] Clemson Univ, Dept Engn & Sci Educ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Bowman, David R.; Cook, Michelle] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Pargas, Roy P.] Clemson Univ, Sch Comp, Div Human Ctr Comp, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Pargas, Roy P.] US Air Force Acad, Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Benson, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Engn & Sci Educ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520706005 ER PT S AU Camburn, BA Wood, KL Jensen, DD AF Camburn, Bradley Adam Wood, Kristin L. Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI Examination of a Method for Determining When to Develop Transformable Products through Design Studies SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB Transformable products (or transformers), those with two or more functional states, are increasingly utilized by our society. As the mobility and complexity of life increases, so must the adaptability of the products which we use. To develop more adaptable products and systems, new design techniques are needed. These techniques should be developed through sound research methodologies and enhance designers abilities. Toward this end, we have developed a set of indicators which classify design problems between those for which the preferable design is a transformer, devices with multiple functional states, or a monomorph, devices with a single functional state. The indicators reveal, at an early stage in the design process, if developing a transformable product is likely to be advantageous. A novel design methodology is proposed which incorporates the indicators and has been tested at teaching institutions of higher education. Design application trials are used as a method for determining the impact of this technique on the design process. Surveys were disseminated to student teams at the educational institutions. The survey is used to explain the methodology to students and report results to our researchers. The method assesses design contexts into archetypes. Once mapped to an archetypical design problem, ideal for either transformer or monomorph design, distinct suites of concept generation tools are suggested to accelerate the design process. This process leads to high quantities and novelty of design concepts. The experiment compares the archetypical prediction with the experimental control of actualized results and intra-team consistency of design problem assessment. Based on experimental results, the indicator technique for transformer design is validated and the presented design tool is affirmed. A combined empirical and deductive design research method supports this experiment. Interactions of the experiment also provides links between undergraduate students and graduate level research processes. C1 [Camburn, Bradley Adam; Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Camburn, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522706045 ER PT S AU Dierks, EC Weaver, JM Wood, KL Crider, K Jensen, DD AF Dierks, Eric C. Weaver, Jason M. Wood, Kristin L. Crider, Kendra Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI ENERGY HARVESTING FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATORS SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB Engineering education should include preparing and developing students not only for careers in industry and research currently in demand, but also for those fields and technological areas that are emerging in the near, moderate, and long-term future. This paper serves to provide a cornerstone for engineering educators concerning the emerging and exciting field of energy harvesting such that the subject may be introduced to students who will soon enter industry or academia. An example of its use with senior-level engineering students is then presented. This effort supports, but does not prove, the hypothesis that exposing students to new and upcoming engineering fields, such as energy harvesting, has the potential to plant a seed of inspiration in our students, growing their interest, excitement and dedication to engineering and the service of societal needs. In conjunction with a foundational overview of the field of energy harvesting aimed at educators and students, the paper includes an exploration of energy harvesters by a group of senior-level engineering undergraduates. The students collaborate on a joint project to innovatively capture energy from the environment to power sensors and transmitters which detect cracks, corrosion, and fatigue in bridges in an automated and high-fidelity fashion, replacing manual inspections. This project exemplifies the energy harvesting field as an exciting educational tool useful for preparing students for careers in industry, consulting, entrepreneurial ventures, or applied research. This paper provides a snapshot of this project and seeks to demonstrate the integration of emerging technology studies in undergraduate curriculum while the students explore a suite of concepts to power health monitoring systems. C1 [Dierks, Eric C.; Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Weaver, Jason M.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Crider, Kendra] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dierks, EC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 23 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522704042 ER PT S AU Holloway, DB Jensen, DD Wood, KL Mundy, A Camburn, BA AF Holloway, David Bryce Jensen, Daniel D. Wood, Kristin L. Mundy, Al Camburn, Bradley Adam GP ASEE TI AC 2011-741: A PORTABILITY RUBRIC APPLIED TO THE REDESIGN OF A SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB The portability of a system is a crucial design parameter for many products. In particular, for products where mobility is a critical customer need, portability is paramount. This is often the case for example, for products entering into service with the U.S. Military. A concise rubric for measuring a system's portability can be a critical asset when designing or redesigning a mobile system or when comparing two systems where mobility is important. Unfortunately, such a rubric does not exist. The development and implementation of such a rubric is the focus of this research. Note that this rubric could be used across a wide variety of student design projects and, as such, has wide applicability for enhancing engineering design projects. The portability rubric introduced is designed to allow engineers to analyze systems being designed or systems that already exist. In either context, the rubric is used to quantify how portable a system is. The 18 metrics that make up the rubric combine to cover the key components that constitute a system's portability. The rubric is tested using a portable solar array system and a diesel generator set as a comparison datum. The rubric for the power generation systems is a smaller subset of the original 18 metrics that target the key components of power systems. Once the rubric is validated, it is used to re-design a current portable solar photovoltaic power system. Suggestions are made to re-design the system and focus on the areas of concern that were highlighted using the portability rubric, which include weight and size dimensions. As this research was conducted primarily by an undergraduate student, but working in concert with a graduate student and two professors, the educational benefits of such a structure are also enumerated. C1 [Holloway, David Bryce] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mundy, Al] USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Camburn, Bradley Adam] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wood, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM wood@mail.utexas.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520703057 ER PT S AU Jacques, DR Colombi, JM Cobb, RG AF Jacques, David R. Colombi, John M. Cobb, Richard G. GP ASEE TI FOSTERING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING EDUCATION THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAMS AND GRADUATE CAPSTONE PROJECTS SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB The United States Department of Defense is experiencing significant shortages of scientists and engineers, and the shortage is even more severe in the area of Systems Engineering (SE). The challenge is to not only increase the numbers of scientists and engineers, but to improve the system level thought processes of these individuals. Graduate degree programs, as a part of a larger professional development program, are often relied on to provide this higher level perspective. However, many graduate degree programs, especially those at research focused graduate schools, tend to be narrowly focused within sub-disciplines of an academic department. While this may serve the academic community well in terms of furthering research programs and developing future researchers, it is not the only, and may not be the best, approach for educating practicing engineers returning to industry and/or government offices where their newly acquired knowledge will be applied. The graduate SE program at the Air Force Institute of Technology has been conducting defense-focused interdisciplinary and interdepartmental capstone projects over the last few years that have combined students across multiple disciplines on broadly scoped topics using SE to define, scope and integrate the individual research efforts. These projects typically result in multiple thesis documents covering several research investigations, with an additional document written by the SE students that provides the unifying framework for integration and, where applicable, transition of the demonstrated technologies. All projects have one or more sponsors, often including one from the operational organizations with the Department of Defense. These sponsors are often actively involved in the conduct of the project, thus providing relevance and subject matter expertise. Prior projects combined Systems Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering graduate students, but newer projects are expanding the pool further to include other Engineering, Engineering Management and Cost Analysis students for a variety of projects. In the past, non-SE students have been encouraged, but not required, to take introductory SE courses; recent experience has shown increased benefit from classroom exposure of non-SE students to SE curriculum elements, and this benefit can extend beyond those students directly associated with the SE capstone projects. The program has received positive feedback from most of the graduates that have participated on these projects, and the influence of the SE program has grown far beyond the number of students entering the graduate school for SE. C1 [Jacques, David R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Syst Engn Programs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, John M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Syst Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, John M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Air Force Ctr Syst Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, John M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Operat Technol Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cobb, Richard G.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacques, DR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Syst Engn Programs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520708021 ER PT S AU Jensen, DD Wood, KL Rencis, JJ Brown, AO White, C AF Jensen, Daniel D. Wood, Kristin L. Rencis, Joseph J. Brown, Ashland O. White, Christina GP ASEE TI Development and Assessment of Finite Element Based Active Learning Modules SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE ID STYLES; EDUCATION AB Engaging in active learning promotes deep conceptual understanding and possibilities to cultivate valuable aptitudes for synthesizing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas and creating new ones. Over the last few decades, a plethora of research supporting active learning pedagogy indicates that this approach to learning needs to be incorporated in teaching. Multiple literacy practices, participating in discussions, hands-on activities, collaborative learning, and real world problem solving are among the many ways to facilitate active learning. The skills acquired during active learning tend to go above and beyond basic comprehension of information covered during a lecture. In fact, the goal of active learning is to not only develop student comprehension, but also to a) increase the learner's investment, motivation, and performance, b) empower the learner to make real world connections, c) promote independent, critical, and creative thinking, and d) facilitate collaboration. One model for active learning takes the form of tutorials, or more accurately described as active learning modules (ALMs), aimed at improving student learning in historically difficult subject areas in engineering through the application of finite element analysis. The tutorial set developed here includes learning modules for various subject areas in Mechanical, Electrical, and Biomedical Engineering courses. The purpose of this study is to determine if ALMs of this type are effective active learning tools. In each participating course, after the student completes their traditional lecture series, they are introduced to a computer-based ALM. In order to perform a baseline study, students are administered content quizzes before and after the completion of the module. These quiz results are statistically analyzed to determine if subject aptitude, including comprehension, is improved. The incorporation of a novel assessment methodology reinforces the project goals as we are able to evaluate if these modules afford all students, regardless of learning style or personality type, with an equitable active learning process experience. The ALMs are shown to be a successful step towards improving aptitude and comprehension of challenging engineering content in an active learning environment. C1 [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rencis, Joseph J.] Univ Arkansas, Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Brown, Ashland O.] Univ Pacific, Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95219 USA. [White, Christina] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Jensen, DD (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM wood@mail.utexas.edu; jjrencis@uark.edu; abrown@pacific.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 24 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CH UT WOS:000378523000001 ER PT S AU Jensen, DD Crider, K Wood, KL Wood, JJ AF Jensen, Daniel D. Crider, Kendra Wood, Kristin L. Wood, John J. GP ASEE TI BODY-STORMING, SUPER HEROES AND SCI-TECH PUBLICATIONS: TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE THE IDEATION PROCESS SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB The ideation (concept generation) step in the design process likely has the most potential for designers to exercise their creativity. According to Ulrich and Eppinger 1, the greater the number of concepts developed early in the design process, the more likely the final product is to satisfy the customer's needs. Many techniques are used during the ideation or concept generation phase in order to enhance designers' ability to innovate 2. These techniques may include 6-3-5 ( sometimes called Brain Writing or C-Sketch), Design by Analogy, Mind Mapping, Morphological Analysis and TIPS/TRIZ. In an attempt to augment this set of ideation techniques, we have developed, implemented and assessed three new techniques whose goal is to enhance the ideation process. The first technique involves a very physically oriented process where the designers actively play the role of the systems that they are working to develop. We call the technique "body-storming" as it, in some ways, mimics the brain-storming technique, but in a much more physical manner. The second new ideation technique involves imagining how superheroes and cartoon characters might hypothetically address the specific design requirements. The third technique uses the Sci-Tech publications Popular Mechanics (PM) and Popular Science (PS) to seed the ideation process. C1 [Jensen, Daniel D.; Wood, John J.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crider, Kendra] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wood, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM wood@mail.utexas.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520703070 ER PT S AU Maixner, MR AF Maixner, Michael Rex GP ASEE TI Solar Distillation Project SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB A solar design project has been developed for use at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) in a sustainable energy course; the project entails prediction of solar position, surface insolation intensity, heat transfer modeling of a solar distillation unit, and the possibility for more open-ended applications with other locations, environmental conditions, or system modifications. The course was offered for the first time in the spring of 2011, and included many different aspects of sustainable energy (wind, ocean, solar, geothermal, etc.; the topic which is covered first, and which receives more coverage than most others is solar (active, passive, photovoltaic), so that a solar project is deemed most appropriate. The project's purposes include: to reinforce classroom instruction in solar principles, to provide detailed modeling of the heat transfer process in a specific application (a solar distillation unit), to provide practice in modular programming, and to allow modification of the model for use in a variety of locations or to assess the impact of modifications to the system. The project is divided into stages, timed so that each is due shortly after the topic material is covered in class. While no feedback data are available, it is anticipated that the project will provide students with a practical application of the principles of basic thermodynamics and heat transfer, and of the specific principles associated with solar energy harvesting. Details of the project are provided, along with possible extensions and variations for future course offerings. C1 [Maixner, Michael Rex] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Maixner, MR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522703016 ER PT S AU Pace, PW Wood, KL Wood, JJ Jensen, DD AF Pace, Patrick W. Wood, Kristin L. Wood, John J. Jensen, Daniel D. GP ASEE TI STUDYING IDEATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE ID ANALOGY; GENERATION; REPRESENTATION; INFORMATION; CREATIVITY; EXAMPLES; INSIGHT C1 [Pace, Patrick W.; Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wood, John J.] US Air Force Acad, Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Daniel D.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pace, PW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 24 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CH UT WOS:000378523001050 ER PT S AU Santarelli, KW Shelley, JS Sathianathan, D Smith, MK AF Santarelli, Kenneth Wayne Shelley, J. S. Sathianathan, Dhushy Smith, Mark K. GP ASEE TI EXPLOITING A DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENT: MATURING A MODEL FOR AN ENGINEERING DEGREE COMPLETION PROGRAM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH MULTIPLE COMMUNITY COLLEGES SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE ID HIGHER-EDUCATION AB The evolution of a model for a transfer student degree program for mechanical and electrical engineering was initiated based on a partnership with a single community college which provided articulating course work designed to meet the requirements of a degree granting state university. The single community college was not providing a sufficient number of transfer students to justify the program investment so a second community college partnership was developed. The existing program has been a state supported program but the economic conditions dictate that a state supported program, removed by distance from the main campus, is no longer viable. As a result of the impact on the state university system a new program is being launched through extension. The evolution of the model for the existing program has been largely reactionary but the current economic conditions require that the model be evaluated with data driven forethought and planning. The community college pipeline has been found to be inadequate in providing a sufficient number of qualified transfers to maintain a viable upper division engineering program. Subsequent data collected from a number of community colleges has confirmed that multiple community college partners with articulating programs are required to provide a sufficient transfer pool. The new launch has allowed the opportunity to review the model from the perspective of what has been learned and to consider implications based on data collected through surveys and market analysis. The new launch also has afforded the opportunity to mature the model through considering the integration of the transformation models for engineering education described by Owens and Fortenberry and to consider the application of the supply chain approach suggested by Al-Turki, Duffuaa, Ayar, and Demirel. The issues surrounding maturation of this model, the existing impact resulting from the economic conditions, the pertinent data, and the nature of the effort required to mature this model are discussed. The conditions necessary for program success are defined and the strategies required to address the necessary conditions are developed as is the current program status. C1 [Santarelli, Kenneth Wayne] Calif State Univ Fresno, Antelope Valley Engn Program Lancaster Calif, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Shelley, J. S.] US Air Force, Air Force Res Labs, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Sathianathan, Dhushy] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Coll Engn, Acad Programs, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Smith, Mark K.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Coll Continuing & Profess Educ, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Santarelli, KW (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Antelope Valley Engn Program Lancaster Calif, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522705072 ER PT S AU Thorn, CR Barlow, CN Bryant, EM AF Thorn, Caitlin R. Barlow, Col Neal Bryant, Elaine M. GP ASEE TI THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS GLIDER DESIGN WORKSHOP SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE C1 [Thorn, Caitlin R.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Barlow, Col Neal] US Air Force Acad, Div Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Barlow, Col Neal] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bryant, Elaine M.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Thorn, CR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CH UT WOS:000378523001006 ER PT S AU York, G Pack, DJ AF York, George Pack, Daniel J. GP ASEE TI AC 2011-187: MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT: AN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (UAS) FOR VEHICLE TRACKING SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB Over the past several years we have used a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications as multidisciplinary capstone design projects. In this paper, we present one of those projects in which the goal of the UAS is to search, detect, and identify an approaching vehicle, then relay the identity of the vehicle to a ground station in an environment with radio frequency (RF) interferences. The project team had seven students from four different majors: System Engineering Management, System Engineering, Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering. We show how the project met not only technical requirements, but also the course objectives of following the proper engineering design process. This paper includes the assessment methods used and lessons learned. C1 [York, George] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pack, Daniel J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP York, G (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522701010 ER PT S AU Bliss, D Wang, BG Mann, M AF Bliss, David Wang, Buguo Mann, Matthew GP IEEE TI True bulk GaN technology for high efficiency devices SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID NA FLUX METHOD; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB As GaN device technologies confront the need to increase yield and performance metrics, expected material improvements will come from the use of lattice-matched substrates. There is a growing interest in utilizing low-defect density GaN substrates for certain high performance applications. Manufacturers who make use of true bulk substrates will have the first opportunity to achieve the theoretically predicted performance and reliability for GaN-based devices. This paper will outline the progress of bulk GaN crystal growth techniques, and compare their various merits and deficiencies. Solvothermal growth, flux growth, and vapor phase growth are the main contenders that must prove their ability to provide high quality material consistently and at a competitive price. To validate their claims, we will discuss issues such as wafer purity, defect density, lattice bending, growth rate, and reproducibility. C1 [Bliss, David] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Wang, Buguo; Mann, Matthew] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Bliss, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400056 ER PT S AU Flores, A Shay, TM Lu, CA Robin, C Pulford, B Sanchez, AD Hult, DW Rowland, KB AF Flores, Angel Shay, Thomas M. Lu, Chunte A. Robin, Craig Pulford, Benjamin Sanchez, Anthony D. Hult, Dane W. Rowland, Ken B. GP IEEE TI Coherent Beam Combining of Fiber Amplifiers in a kW Regime SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Single-frequency coherent beam combination (CBC) of 16 fiber lasers with kW class output power is presented. In addition, kW scale CBC of three Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) amplifiers in a filled aperture configuration is reported. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Flores, Angel; Shay, Thomas M.; Lu, Chunte A.; Robin, Craig; Pulford, Benjamin; Sanchez, Anthony D.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hult, Dane W.] TREX Enterprises Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Rowland, Ken B.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM angel.flores@kirtland.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400083 ER PT S AU French, D Jovanovic, I Peterson, R AF French, Douglas Jovanovic, Igor Peterson, Rita GP IEEE TI Energy-Scalable Pulsed Mid-Infrared Source Using Orientation-Patterned GaAs SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a five-fold increase in the energy of mid-infrared pulses from an optical parametric oscillator by amplification in an optical parametric amplifier using OPGaAs. Our approach represents an energy-scalable mid-infrared pulse source. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [French, Douglas; Jovanovic, Igor] Penn State Univ, Sch Mech & Nucl Engn, 127 Reber Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Peterson, Rita] AFRL RYJW, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP French, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Mech & Nucl Engn, 127 Reber Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dfrench@psu.edu FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402020 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, LP Upchurch, DC Schunemann, PG Mohnkern, L Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Upchurch, Derek C. Schunemann, Peter G. Mohnkern, Lee Guha, Shekhar GP IEEE TI Continuous-wave second harmonic generation of a tunable CO2 laser in orientation-patterned GaAs SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Frequency doubling of a tunable continuous wave CO2 laser in orientation patterned GaAs is demonstrated. For 1.8 W incident power at 9.29 mu m, 1.9 mu W of second harmonic power was obtained from a 4 cm long crystal. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Upchurch, Derek C.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.; Mohnkern, Lee] BAE Systs Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402376 ER PT S AU Hsu, PS Kulatilaka, WD Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Hsu, Paul S. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI Advances in Fiber-Based Picosecond Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Thermometry in Reacting Flows SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB A picosecond-laser-based, fiber-coupled CARS system employing multimode step-index fibers is developed for gas-phase thermometry in harsh combustion environments. Temperature measurements using this system are demonstrated in a laboratory flame. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsu, PS (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM paul.hsu@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400090 ER PT S AU Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S Gord, JR AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI High-Bandwidth, Spatially Resolved Thermometry in Reacting Flows Using Femtosecond-CARS Line Imaging SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID STOKES-RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY AB Spatially resolved thermometry at speeds up to 1000 Hz is demonstrated using 1-D femtosecond CARS. Such measurements can provide invaluable data for validating turbulent combustion models as well as addressing spatio-temporal instabilities. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM waruna.kulatilaka@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400087 ER PT S AU Martyshkin, DV Goldstein, JT Camata, RP Fedorov, VV Mirov, SB AF Martyshkin, D. V. Goldstein, J. T. Camata, R. P. Fedorov, V. V. Mirov, S. B. GP IEEE TI New Mid-IR Gain Media Based on Transition Metal Doped II-VI Ternary - Quaternary Compounds and Glassy Composites SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report on crystal-field engineering of solid-state laser gain materials based on new transition metals (Iron and Chromium) doped II-VI Ternary (Quaternary) and Cr2+ glassy composite materials for mid-IR tunable laser applications C1 [Martyshkin, D. V.; Camata, R. P.; Fedorov, V. V.; Mirov, S. B.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Ctr Opt Sensors & Spect, CH 310,1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Martyshkin, D. V.; Fedorov, V. V.; Mirov, S. B.] IPG Photon Mid IR Lasers, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. [Goldstein, J. T.] FRL RXPSO, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martyshkin, DV (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Ctr Opt Sensors & Spect, CH 310,1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402022 ER PT S AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Kaspi, R Chavez, JR AF Ongstad, A. P. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Kaspi, R. Chavez, J. R. GP IEEE TI The antiguiding parameter in mid-infrared optically pumped semiconductor lasers SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID GAIN AB We describe measurements of the antiguiding parameter, alpha, for several optically pumped semiconductor lasers. The two W lasers, incorporated 14 type-II quantum wells (QWs) and operated at wavelengths of similar to 3.5 and similar to 4.5 mu m. The lasers displayed low antiguiding factors of similar to 1.0. We attribute the low alpha's for the W lasers to the higher QW gain as well as to inhomogeneous broadening induced by the 14 QWs. The differing well widths and the independent optical pumping of the wells, leads to a net gain spectrum that is symmetrical about the gain peak. This symmetry, in turn, leads to small differential index shifts at the gain peak; the result of the small differential index and large differential gain is low antiguiding. C1 [Ongstad, A. P.; Dente, G. C.; Tilton, M. L.; Kaspi, R.; Chavez, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, RDLA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RDLA, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Andrew.ongstad@Kirtland.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402446 ER PT S AU Wrzesinski, PJ Pestov, D Lozovoy, VV Roy, S Gord, JR Dantus, M AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Pestov, Dmitry Lozovoy, Vadim V. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Dantus, Marcos GP IEEE TI Single-beam CARS Imaging for Reacting Flow Diagnostics SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Imaging of a CO2 gas jet in ambient air via single-beam CARS method is demonstrated. This method will be applied to examine reacting flow systems and flames for diagnostic measurements. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Pestov, Dmitry; Lozovoy, Vadim V.; Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectra Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Prop Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dantus, Marcos] Biophoton Solut Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. RP Wrzesinski, PJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wrzenins@msu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400088 ER PT S AU Yakovlev, VV Zhang, HF Petrov, GI Noojin, GD Denton, ML Thomas, RJ Scully, MO AF Yakovlev, Vladislav V. Zhang, Hao F. Petrov, Georgi I. Noojin, Gary D. Denton, Michael L. Thomas, Robert J. Scully, Marlan O. GP IEEE TI Chemically-Specific Photoacoustic Imaging using Vibrational Raman Excitationle SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID MICROSCOPY AB We demonstrate, for the first time, molecular contrast imaging in deep tissue by successfully combining chemically-selective, stimulated Raman photoexcitation with high-frequency ultrasound detection. C1 [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Petrov, Georgi I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Zhang, Hao F.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Denton, Michael L.] Life Sci Res & Appl Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM yakovlev@uwm.edu RI Zhang, Hao/H-6199-2012; Zhang, Hao/C-2451-2015; Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU NIH [R21EB011703, R15EY020805]; NSF [DBI-0964225] FX This work was supported by the NIH grants R21EB011703, R15EY020805 and the NSF grant DBI-0964225. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402437 ER PT S AU Yang, C Kaspi, R Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Ongstad, AP AF Yang, Chi Kaspi, Ron Dente, Gregory C. Tilton, Michael L. Chavez, Joseph R. Ongstad, Andrew P. GP IEEE TI High Power Mid-Infrared In-plane DBR laser SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB An optically pumped in-plane DBR mid-infrared laser is described. A quasi continuous-wave power of similar to 2.8 Watts is obtained at similar to 3.59 mu m that is contained within a spectral width of similar to 5 nm. C1 [Yang, Chi; Kaspi, Ron; Dente, Gregory C.; Tilton, Michael L.; Chavez, Joseph R.; Ongstad, Andrew P.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM chi.yang@kirtland.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402009 ER PT S AU Scott, A Hardy, TJ Martin, RK Thomas, RW AF Scott, Amber Hardy, T. J. Martin, Richard K. Thomas, Ryan W. GP IEEE TI What are the Roles of Electronic and Cyber Warfare in Cognitive Radio Security? SO 2011 IEEE 54TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 07-10, 2011 CL Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS, IEEK, SK Telecom, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org HO Yonsei Univ AB Traditionally, Electronic Warfare (EW) and Cyber Warfare (CW) have been viewed as independent, disparate disciplines. However, they are often trying to accomplish similar tasks, and thus may be viewed as two sides of the same coin. When both the attacher and defender employ cognitive techniques, the edge may go to the side that integrates techniques from both EW and CWo In this paper, we examine two case studies in radio security. We examine what happens when the attacker is cognitive, and consider cognitive EW/CW approaches to defend against the attacks. C1 [Scott, Amber; Hardy, T. J.; Martin, Richard K.; Thomas, Ryan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scott, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM amber.scott@afit.edu; tyler.hardy@afit.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-61284-857-0 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXG35 UT WOS:000296057200237 ER PT J AU Hu, M Li, H Pino, RE AF Hu, Miao Li, Hai Pino, Robinson E. GP IEEE TI Fast Statistical Model of TiO2 Thin-Film Memristor and Design Implication SO 2011 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat (CEDA), Special Interest Grp Design Automat (SICDA), ACM AB The emerging memristor devices have recently received increased attention since HP Lab reported the first TiO2-based memristive structure. As it is at nano-scale geometry size, the uniformity of memristor device is difficult to control due to the process variations in the fabrication process. The incurred design concerns in a memristor-based computing system, e. g, neuromorphic computing, can be very severe because the analog states of memristors are heavily utilized. Therefore, the understanding and quantitative characterization of the impact of process variations on the electrical properties of memristors become crucial for the corresponding VLSI designs. In this work, we examined the theoretical model of TiO2 thin-film memristors and studied the relationships between the electrical parameters and the process variations of the devices. A statistical model based on a process-variation aware memristor device structure is extracted accordingly. Simulations show that our proposed model is 3 similar to 4 magnitude faster than the existing Monte-Carlo simulation method, with only similar to 2% accuracy degradation. A variable gain amplifier (VGA) is used as the case study to demonstrate the applications of our model in memristor-based circuit designs. C1 [Hu, Miao; Li, Hai] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept ECE, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Pino, Robinson E.] Air Force Res Lab, Adv Comp, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hu, M (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept ECE, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mhu01@students.poly.edu; hli@poly.edu; robinson.pino@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1398-9 PY 2011 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ27 UT WOS:000299009100056 ER PT S AU Burns, A Harper, D Barfield, AF Whitcomb, S Jurusik, B AF Burns, Amy Harper, Daniel Barfield, Arthur F. Whitcomb, Shawn Jurusik, Brian GP IEEE TI AUTO GCAS FOR ANALOG FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Over the past forty years, the number of fighter aircraft controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents per flight hour has not improved despite the addition of multiple manual warning systems. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has undertaken a program to develop an automatic system that will take over when the pilot can no longer recover the aircraft, perform an automatic recovery and quickly return control to the pilot. It is called the Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System or Auto GCAS. This system has been successfully demonstrated on a Block 50 F-16 with a digital flight control system as shown in Figure 1 and is transitioning to operational Block 40/50 F-16s. Until now the technology could not be applied to early model F-16s with analog flight control systems because of the lack of a high authority autopilot needed for the automatic recovery and the absence of a way for the flight control system to ascertain system integrity to insure safe operation. AFRL is now focused on finding a technical solution that will allow the implementation of Auto GCAS on aircraft with analog flight control systems. The effort is called Analog Auto GCAS. The Analog Auto GCAS project has developed an innovative method of adding redundant digital processor modules to the existing analog flight control computers of pre-block 40 F-16' s. This will not only allow Auto GCAS to be added to F-16s with analog flight control computer but demonstrates a technical path forward for incorporating Auto GCAS onto other older aircraft with analog flight control computers. This paper provides a description of Auto GCAS, discusses the changes needed to implement Auto GCAS on an analog aircraft, and covers the results to date as well as the future path forward for implementing Auto GCAS on the pre-block 40 F-16 fleet. C1 [Burns, Amy; Harper, Daniel] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barfield, Arthur F.] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Whitcomb, Shawn] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut, Fort Worth, NY USA. [Jurusik, Brian] BAE Syst, Binghamton, NY USA. RP Burns, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001058 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Mayer, CB Cousin, K AF Peterson, Gilbert L. Mayer, Christopher B. Cousin, Kevin GP IEEE TI WoLF Ant SO 2011 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY JUN 05-08, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc DE Ant Colony Optimization; Ant System; Traveling Salesman Problem; Win or Learn Fast; Gradient Descent ID QUADRATIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM; COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM; HYBRID; SYSTEM; PARAMETERS AB Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms can generate quality solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. However, like many stochastic algorithms, the quality of solutions worsen as problem sizes grow. In an effort to increase performance, we added the variable step size off-policy hill-climbing algorithm called PDWoLF (Policy Dynamics Win or Learn Fast) to several ant colony algorithms: Ant System, Ant Colony System, Elitist-Ant System, Rank-based Ant System, and Max-Min Ant System. Easily integrated into each ACO algorithm, the PDWoLF component maintains a set of policies separate from the ant colony's pheromone. Similar to pheromone but with different update rules, the PDWoLF policies provide a second estimation of solution quality and guide the construction of solutions. Experiments on large traveling salesman problems (TSPs) show that incorporating PDWoLF with the aforementioned ACO algorithms that do not make use of local optimizations produces shorter tours than the ACO algorithms alone. C1 [Peterson, Gilbert L.; Cousin, Kevin] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. [Mayer, Christopher B.] United States Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; cmayer@usna.edu; kevin.cousin@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311/ FX] FX This paper was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, project number 2311/ FX. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7835-4 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2011 BP 995 EP 1002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BDE13 UT WOS:000312932600136 ER PT J AU Hancock, DL Lamont, GB AF Hancock, David L. Lamont, Gary B. GP IEEE TI MULTI AGENT SYSTEM FOR NETWORK ATTACK CLASSIFICATION USING FLOW-BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SO 2011 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY JUN 05-08, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB Intrusion Detection (ID) is essential for protecting contemporary computer networks from a range of threats. Modern ID techniques must cope with increasingly sophisticated attacks as well as rapidly rising network line speeds. Signature-based ID is forced to sample sparsely, increasing the likelihood of malicious traffic entering the network without scrutiny. Consequently, flow-based ID is gaining attention as an effective complement. ID systems are furthermore often characterized as either network-based or host-based. The autonomous multi agent design paradigm is a scalable, attractive alternative for its potential to leverage the strengths of both architectures: the broad perspective and visibility into distributed malicious activity provided by network-based ID, and the comprehensive view of the local node provided by host-based ID. This paper therefore develops an architecture for a new multi agent, flow-based intrusion detection sysem. The architecture is designed in two iterations of increasing complexity. These innovative ID designs use a "repuation" system to permit agents to dynamically find nodes that are most effective for classifying malicious network activity. Furthermore, each system design includes the development of an innovative classifier that uses multi objective evolutionary algorithms to aid in the search for effective operational parameter values. Evaluation using an extensive agent simulation framework highlights the conditions under which the reputation system provides a significant classification benefit. C1 [Hancock, David L.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hancock, DL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.hancock@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7835-4 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2011 BP 1535 EP 1542 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BDE13 UT WOS:000312932600208 ER PT S AU Sweeney, N Fisher, K AF Sweeney, Nicholas Fisher, Kenneth GP IEEE TI Air-to-Air Missile Vector Scoring SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB An air-to-air missile vector scoring system is proposed for test and evaluation applications. A linear six-state constant velocity (CV) dynamics model is used, consisting of missile position and velocity in a Cartesian coordinate system. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensors, carefully located to provide spherical coverage around the target, provide updates of missile kinematic information relative to a drone aircraft. Data from the radar sensors are linearized about a nominal measurement and fused with missile model predictions using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. The performance of the system is evaluated through highfidelity, six-degree of freedom (6DOF) simulations yielding submeter end-game accuracy in a variety of scenarios. C1 [Sweeney, Nicholas; Fisher, Kenneth] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sweeney, N (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.sweeney@afit.edu; kenneth.fisher@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500067 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, K Pachter, M Chandler, P AF Krishnamoorthy, K. Pachter, M. Chandler, P. GP IEEE TI Maximizing the Throughput of a Patrolling UAV by Dynamic Programming SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB This paper addresses the following base defense scenario: an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) performs the task of perimeter alert patrol. There are m alert stations/sites located on the perimeter where a nearby breaching of the perimeter by an intruder can be sensed and is flagged by an Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS). We assume that the alert arrival process is Poisson. In order to determine whether an incursion flagged by a UGS is a false alarm or a real threat, a patrolling UAV flies to the alert site to investigate the alert. The decision problem for a UAV is to determine, in real-time, which station to head toward next, upon completion of a service, so as to maximize the system throughput or equivalently minimize the mean waiting time of an alert in the system. The throughput is defined as the number of messages/alerts serviced on average in unit time. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Infoscitex Corp, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandler, P.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Infoscitex Corp, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 916 EP 920 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500102 ER PT S AU Zhu, JD Zheng, YF Ewing, RE AF Zhu, Junda Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert E. GP IEEE TI Measuring Object Speed Using Stereo Tracking SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID PARTICLE FILTER; LANE DETECTION AB Stereo vision provides us the ability to perceive objects in 3D. By continuously tracking an object in stereo videos, the information about object motion can be acquired. In this paper, we propose a novel method which unifies the tracking and speed measuring within the Bayesian filtering framework and solves this problem using particle filtering approach. Vehicle speed measuring is studied as a specific example. Environment constraints are integrated into the tracking for reducing the uncertainty to achieve more robust and accurate results. Experiment results on both synthetic and real traffic sequences demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our proposed method. C1 [Zhu, Junda; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhu, JD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM zhuj@ece.osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383405031 ER PT S AU Collins, PJ AF Collins, Peter J. GP IEEE TI Dielectric Strings: A Low Clutter Method for Bistatic RCS Measurements SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI AB Bistatic RCS measurements have seen a recent resurgence as interest in passive coherent location (PCL) systems and other survivable detection schemes has increased. Low RCS bistatic measurements in particular provide a unique challenge to the RCS metrologist as noise, clutter, and interfering signals become significant relative to the desired signal. Traditional methods for supporting the bistatic antenna/receiver often provide a significant source of moving clutter that interacts strongly with the target. This paper presents a new low clutter method based on recent advances in string-based target support systems. A simple experiment is described and the resulting fixed angle bistatic measurement results are qualitatively analyzed, clearly demonstrating the benefits of the proposed methodology. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Collins, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.collins@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 1639 EP 1642 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298501200 ER PT S AU Kim, KT AF Kim, Kristopher T. GP IEEE TI Slepian Transverse Vector Spherical Harmonics and Their Application to Near-Field Scanning SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI AB We introduce the Slepian transverse vector spherical harmonics (TVSH). Unlike the classical TVSH, they are orthogonal over a given truncated spherical surface and the orthogonality constants can be computed. We apply the Slepian TVSH to the problem of reconstructing the far field from spatially truncated near-field samples and show that the far field can be reconstructed accurately over the entire angular sector where the near-field samples are available. C1 USAF, Electromagnet Div, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Electromagnet Div, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM trout@ieee.org NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2138 EP 2141 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502092 ER PT S AU Tomasic, B Herscovici, N Steyskal, H AF Tomasic, Boris Herscovici, Naftali Steyskal, Hans GP IEEE TI Analysis and Physical Aspects of a Metamaterial Slab of Wire-Split Ring Resonators SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI AB A metamaterial slab of Wire-Split Ring Resonators was analyzed focusing on physical aspects. Effective constitutive parameters were extracted vs. number of W-SRR layers in the slab. We have shown that a minimum of 8 layers is required to accurately characterize the bulk metamaterial properties. Losses, spatial dispersion, and mode conversion in the unit cell are also discussed. C1 [Tomasic, Boris; Herscovici, Naftali; Steyskal, Hans] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil; hans.steyskal.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2609 EP 2612 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502212 ER PT S AU Chick, DF Collins, PJ Goodman, SA Martin, RK Terzuoli, AJ AF Chick, D. F. Collins, P. J. Goodman, S. A. Martin, R. K. Terzuoli, A. J., Jr. GP IEEE TI Direction Finding With Mutually Orthogonal Antennas SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE direction finding; direction-of-arrival estimation; orthogonal antennas AB Electromagnetic direction finding using a set of three mutually orthogonal antennas is studied. The vector effective height concept from antenna theory is employed to develop three direction finding algorithms for use with the proposed antenna arrangement. The first algorithm estimates the direction-of-arrival by computing a vector that is perpendicular to the locus of the instantaneous electric field vector measured at the origin of the coordinate system. The second and third algorithms are based on the well-known maximum likelihood and MUSIC algorithms. For all algorithms we assume a narrowband signal model and that multiple incident waves can be separated in the frequency domain before processing each signal separately. In simulation, each algorithm successfully located the direction-of-arrival to within 2 degrees for circularly polarized waves at SNR >= 35dB. C1 [Chick, D. F.; Collins, P. J.; Goodman, S. A.; Martin, R. K.; Terzuoli, A. J., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chick, DF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2849 EP 2852 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298503033 ER PT S AU Rose, GS Pino, R Wu, Q AF Rose, Garrett S. Pino, Robinson Wu, Qing GP IEEE TI Exploiting Memristance for Low-Energy Neuromorphic Computing Hardware SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 15-18, 2011 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE AB As conventional CMOS technology approaches fundamental scaling limits novel nanotechnologies offer great promise for VLSI integration at nanometer scales. The memristor, or memory resistor, is a novel nanoelectronic device that holds great promise for continued scaling for emerging applications. Memristor behavior is very similar to that of the synapses necessary for realizing a neural network. In this research, we have considered circuits that leverage memristance in the realization of an artificial synapse that can be used to implement neuromorphic computing hardware. A novel charge sharing based neural network is described which consists of a hybrid of conventional CMOS technology and novel memristors. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate that dense CMOS-memristive neural networks can be implemented with energy consumption on the order of tens of femto-joules. C1 [Rose, Garrett S.] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Pino, Robinson; Wu, Qing] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate Adv Comp Architectures Rome, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Rose, GS (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM grose@poly.edu; robinson.pino@rl.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8750-09-2-0157] FX paper. This material is based upon work funded by AFRL under contract No. FA8750-09-2-0157. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4244-9474-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2011 BP 2942 EP 2945 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV37 UT WOS:000297265303080 ER PT S AU Zhou, RL Li, X Chakravarthy, V Wu, ZQ AF Zhou, Ruolin Li, Xue Chakravarthy, Vasu Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Spectrum Mobility Demonstration of SMSE Based Overlay Cognitive Radio via Software Defined Radio SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS NETWORKS (DYSPAN) SE IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (IEEE DySPAN) CY MAY 03-06, 2011 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP IEEE C1 [Zhou, Ruolin; Li, Xue; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhou, RL (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-3125 BN 978-1-4577-0178-8 J9 IEEE INT SYMP DYNAM PY 2011 BP 668 EP 669 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BD3YB UT WOS:000360301900079 ER PT J AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Performance Information in Risk-Averse Control of Model-Following Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL (ISIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC)/IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control (MSC) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE ID TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEMS; FEEDFORWARD CONTROL AB The paper presents an extension of the theory of risk-averse control of a linear-quadratic class of model-following control systems with incomplete state feedback. It is shown that performance information can improve control decisions with only available output measurements for system performance reliability but information structures can also be costly. Many of the results entail measures of the amount, value, and cost of performance information, and the design of model-following control strategy with risk aversion. It becomes clear that the topic of performance information in control is of central importance for future research and development of correct-by-design of high performance and reliable systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1103-9 PY 2011 BP 593 EP 600 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX73 UT WOS:000297500400012 ER PT S AU Sego, DJ Griffiths, H Wicks, MC AF Sego, Daniel J. Griffiths, Hugh Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Radar Tomography using Doppler-Based Projections SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Image reconstruction using tomography is based on inverse filtering a series of projections, collected at angular positions surrounding an object or scene, where the form of the projection is derived from the measurement geometry (monostatic/bistatic, point/plane transducer/sensor) as well as the probing phenomenology. Quality image reconstruction requires that sensors are positioned to adequately sample target/scene Fourier space. In a remote sensing application this is done by sequentially positioning a limited number of sensors in the half-space above the target region. Typically projections are formed by integration along the locus of points of constant delay (the line integration path). Such projections are defined purely spatially. In this paper we define and evaluate projections that are derived from the Doppler relationships of the measurement geometry and temporal integration. The circular aperture is subdivided into overlapping SAR subapertures. This has the effect of creating fan beam-like projections, in 2D the projections linearly diverge from the source point with the formation of an image referenced to scene center effects the receiving array. Images are reconstructed using back projection filtering. The Doppler-based phenomenology is demonstrated and point spread function(s) generated. The advantage of this technique is the production of high resolution 2D, and extendable to 3D, images using very low bandwidth. This is applicable to low frequency waveforms operating in spectrum challenged environments or where communications bandwidths do not support wideband data transfer. C1 [Sego, Daniel J.] Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Griffiths, Hugh] UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. [Wicks, Michael C.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Sego, DJ (reprint author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM daniel.j.sego@boeing.com; h.griffiths@ee.ucl.ac.uk; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000082 ER PT S AU Lo Monte, L Wicks, MC Yazici, B AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Wicks, Michael C. Yazici, Birsen GP IEEE TI RF Tomography for Building Penetration SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID DYADIC GREENS-FUNCTIONS; PLANAR AIR-SOIL; HALF-SPACE; INTERFACE; OBJECTS; SCATTERING; INVERSION; SHRINKAGE; ALGORITHM; INTEGRALS AB The method of Radio Frequency Tomography is proposed for the application of imaging inside buildings. The mathematical formulation described in [4] is extended to incorporate the shape of the known structure of the building by means of numerical Green's functions. Simulations and image reconstructions are provided. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Corp, Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Yazici, Birsen] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Lorenzo.Lomonte.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Wicks@rl.af.mil; Yazici@ecse.rpi.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-8601-09-F-0024] FX The authors are thankful to Maj. Dennis Birchenough, Air Force Research Laboratory, and to Dr. Jon A. Sjogren, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for sponsoring and funding this research under grant FA-8601-09-F-0024. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000086 ER PT S AU Avery, K Finchel, J Mee, J Kemp, W Netzer, R Elkins, D Zufelt, B Alexander, D AF Avery, Keith Finchel, Jeffery Mee, Jesse Kemp, William Netzer, Richard Elkins, Donald Zufelt, Brian Alexander, David GP IEEE TI Total Dose Test Results for CubeSat Electronics SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm AB CubeSats are increasingly important for space research. Their low orbits and short mission durations permit using electronics with modest radiation failure thresholds. Total ionizing dose irradiation results are presented for microelectronics interesting for CubeSat applications. C1 [Avery, Keith; Finchel, Jeffery; Mee, Jesse; Netzer, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kemp, William] SAIC, Appl Sci Operat, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Elkins, Donald] Microelect Res & Dev Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Zufelt, Brian] COSMIAC, Ctr Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Avery, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM keith.avery@kirtland.af.mil; jeffery.finchel@kirtland.af.mil; jesse.mee@kirtland.af.mil; william.t.kemp@saic.com; richard.netzer@kirtland.af.mil; don.elkins@micro-rdc.com; brian.zufelt@cosmiac.org; dralexa@comcast.net FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-08-2-0259] FX Manuscript received July 20, 2011. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Number FA9453-08-2-0259. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900008 ER PT S AU Weyers, C Peterson, G AF Weyers, Christopher Peterson, Gilbert GP IEEE TI Improving Occupancy Grid FastSLAM by Integrating Navigation Sensors SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) ID SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION; PARTICLE FILTERS; MOBILE ROBOT; SLAM AB When an autonomous vehicle operates in an unknown environment, it must remember the locations of environmental objects and use those object to maintain an accurate location of itself. This vehicle is faced with Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), a circularly defined robotics problem of map building with no prior knowledge. The SLAM problem is a difficult but critical component of autonomous vehicle exploration with applications to search and rescue missions. This paper presents the first SLAM solution combining stereo cameras, inertial measurements, and vehicle odometry into a Multiple Integrated Navigation Sensor (MINS) path. The FastSLAM algorithm, modified to make use of the MINS path, observes and maps the environment with a LIDAR unit. The MINS FastSLAM algorithm closes a 140 meter loop with a path error that remains within 1 meter of surveyed truth. This path reduces the error 79% from an odometry FastSLAM output and uses 30% of the particles. C1 [Weyers, Christopher] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Peterson, Gilbert] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weyers, C (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL/RYMN LabTask [06SN02COR]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank the Advanced Navigation Technology Center staff for all their supporting efforts. This work was supported in part through AFRL/RYMN Lab Task 06SN02COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United State Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 BP 859 EP 864 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477501032 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Thomas, RW Wu, ZQ AF Martin, Richard K. Thomas, Ryan W. Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI USING SPECTRAL CORRELATION FOR NON-COOPERATIVE RSS-BASED POSITIONING SO 2011 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY JUN 28-30, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Source localization; received signal strength; spectral correlation function; noise floor AB Typically, methods for received signal strength (RSS) based source localization assume that the signal can be separated from the noise and interference. However, in non-cooperative applications where the details of the modulation format are not known a priori, this is not possible. In a high SNR environment, the RSS of the signal can be estimated from the power spectral density (PSD) via energy detection, but the PSD becomes dominated by noise at low SNR, leading to a loss of positioning information. This paper proposes the use of the spectral correlation function (SCF) for RSS-based localization, as the SCF has been shown to outperform simple energy detection for detecting the presence of a signal. C1 [Martin, Richard K.; Thomas, Ryan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu; zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Labs FX Funded in part by the Office of Naval Research, and the Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0570-0 PY 2011 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYF18 UT WOS:000298377500061 ER PT J AU Huie, LM Fowler, ML AF Huie, Lauren M. Fowler, Mark L. GP IEEE TI BIASING EMITTER LOCATION ESTIMATES VIA FALSE LOCATION INJECTION SO 2011 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY JUN 28-30, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Emitter location; TDOA; non-linear least squares; information injection AB We consider the problem of a rogue introducing bias into a network estimating location under the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method. In particular we consider how a rogue by injecting only a single false sensor position can drive the network's location estimate a specified distance away from the true value. The least squares (LS) residuals is minimized to find the false location to inject given the rogue's desired distance offset. In order to illustrate the success of our method, we consider the statistical tools that the locating network might employ to handle our false information injection including least squares and in the presence of outliers robust least median squares (LMS). We show that our method can successfully bias the location estimate of an estimating network when both LS and LMS methods are used. C1 [Huie, Lauren M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huie, Lauren M.; Fowler, Mark L.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Huie, LM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFOSR LRIR [09RI02COR] FX This work is supported in part by AFOSR LRIR 09RI02COR NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0570-0 PY 2011 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYF18 UT WOS:000298377500063 ER PT J AU Tyner, J Coates, M Holloway, D Goldsmith, K Daniels, C Vranicar, T Roling, J Jensen, D Mundy, A Peterson, B AF Tyner, Justin Coates, Matt Holloway, Dave Goldsmith, Kyle Daniels, Chris Vranicar, Trevor Roling, John Jensen, Dan Mundy, Al Peterson, Brian BE Neeley, KA TI The Design of a Portable and Deployable Solar Energy System for Deployed Military Applications SO 2011 IEEE SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING DESIGN SYMPOSIUM (SIEDS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS) CY APR 29, 2011 CL Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA SP IEEE HO Univ Virginia AB Global Positioning Systems, thermal imaging scopes, satellite phones, and other electronic devices are critical to the warfighter in Forward Operating Environments. Many are battery operated and require charging. We used a Systems Engineering approach to compare existing portable energy systems and to specifically design a portable solar energy system for use tailored for a deployed military/combat unit. We considered ease of setup/teardown, power delivered, weight, and many other factors that contribute to the level portability required. As deployed units are often in areas with little or no permanent sources of electricity, powering and/or charging electronic devices can be a challenge and diesel generators are the typical solution. Generators require fuel (approximately 1 gallon/hour for 10KVA) which is extremely costly in both money and safety of soldiers tasked with transporting fuel. Understanding the factors that affect portability and knowing which ones are the most important is key to determining whether a particular energy generation system is an asset or liability. Currently, there is no simple rubric to characterize what portability is and how to compare two systems. We therefore created a rubric to aid our analysis of portability. With such a set of measurements and procedures, designs can be meaningfully compared and once designed, we used the new metrics to improve our overall design. Several conceptual designs were drafted and compared, using the metric, to current diesel generators used by the U. S. military in both Iraq and Afghanistan. We identified areas where diesel generators are superior and areas where the solar energy systems are superior. The remainder of this paper outlines our process and results. C1 [Tyner, Justin; Coates, Matt; Holloway, Dave; Goldsmith, Kyle; Daniels, Chris; Vranicar, Trevor; Roling, John; Jensen, Dan; Mundy, Al; Peterson, Brian] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tyner, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Justin.tyner@usafa.edu; matthew.coates@usafa.edu; david.holloway@usafa.edu; kyle.goldsmith@usafa.edu; chris.daniels@usafa.edu; trevor.vranicor@usafa.edu; John.Roling@usafa.edu; dan.jensen@usafa.edu; alan.mundy@usafa.edu; brian.peterson@usafa.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0447-5 PY 2011 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYH10 UT WOS:000298729200010 ER PT J AU Pino, RE Moore, M Rogers, J Wu, Q AF Pino, Robinson E. Moore, Michael Rogers, Jason Wu, Qing GP IEEE TI A Columnar V1/V2 Visual Cortex Model and Emulation using a PS3 Cell-BE Array SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst ID CORTICAL AREA V2; MACAQUE MONKEY; HORIZONTAL DISPARITY; AWAKE MONKEYS; NEURONS; V1; CONNECTION; MOTION; ORGANIZATION; FORM AB The United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been exploring the implementation of neurophysiological and psychological constructs to develop a hyper-parallel computing platform. This approach is termed neuromorphic computing. As part of that effort, the primary visual cortex (V1) has been modeled in high performance computing facility. The current columnar V1 model is being expanded to include binocular disparity and motion perception. Additionally, V2 thick and pale stripes are being added to produce a V1/V2 stereomotion and form perception system. Both the V1 and V2 models are based upon structures approximating neocortical minicolumns and functional columns. The neuromorphic strategies employed include columnar organization, integrate-and-fire neurons, temporal coding, point attraction recurrent networks, Reichardt detectors and "confabulation" networks. The interest is driven by the value of applications which can make use of highly parallel architectures we expect to see surpassing one thousand cores per die in the next few years. A central question we seek to answer is what the architecture of hyper-parallel machines should be. We also seek to understand computational methods akin to how a brain deals with sensation, perception, memory, attention decision-making. C1 [Pino, Robinson E.; Moore, Michael; Wu, Qing] USAF, USAF, AFRL RITC, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rogers, Jason] Syracuse Univ, Informat Inst, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Pino, RE (reprint author), USAF, USAF, AFRL RITC, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM Robinson.Pino@rl.af.mil; mike.moore@itt.com; rogersja@sunyit.edu; Qing.Wu@rl.af.mil FU AFRL AFOSR [FA8750-10-C-0233]; [88ABW-2011-0333] FX The authors thank Dr. Richard Linderman for his foresight, encouragement and support and Dr. Richard Michalak for his diligence and oversight. This material is based upon work funded by AFRL AFOSR, under contract FA8750-10-C-0233 and cleared for publication on 27 January 2011 case number 88ABW-2011-0333. Any Opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL or its contractors. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 1667 EP 1674 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541201112 ER PT J AU Qiu, QR Wu, Q Linderman, R AF Qiu, Qinru Wu, Qing Linderman, Richard GP IEEE TI Unified Perception-Prediction Model for Context Aware Text Recognition on a Heterogeneous Many-Core Platform SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst AB Existing optical character recognition (OCR) software tools can perform text image detection and pattern recognition with fairly high accuracy, however their performance will be significantly impaired when the image of the character is partially blocked or smudged. Such missing information does not hinder the human perception because we predict the missing part based on the word level and sentence level context of the character. In order to mimic the human cognitive behavior, we developed a hybrid cognitive architecture combining two neuromorphic computing models, i.e. brain-state-in-a-box (BSB) and cogent confabulation, to achieve context-aware text recognition. The BSB model performs the character recognition from input image while the confabulation models perform the context-aware prediction based on the word and sentence knowledge bases. The software tool is implemented on an 1824-core computing cluster. Its accuracy and performance are analyzed in the paper. C1 [Qiu, Qinru] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Wu, Qing; Linderman, Richard] USAF, AFMC, AFRL RITC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Qiu, QR (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM qqiu@binghamton.edu; Qing.Wu@rl.af.mil; Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil FU AFRL/AFOSR [23T1PROJ] FX This work is supported by AFRL/AFOSR, under project 23T1PROJ. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 1714 EP 1721 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541201118 ER PT J AU Rose, GS Pino, R Wu, Q AF Rose, Garrett S. Pino, Robinson Wu, Qing GP IEEE TI A Low-Power Memristive Neuromorphic Circuit Utilizing a Global/Local Training Mechanism SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst AB As conventional CMOS technology approaches fundamental scaling limits novel nanotechnologies offer great promise for VLSI integration at nanometer scales. The memristor, or memory resistor, is a novel nanoelectronic device that holds great promise for continued scaling for emerging applications. Memristor behavior is very similar to that of the synapses necessary for realizing a neural network. In this research, we have considered circuits that leverage memristance in the realization of an artificial synapse that can be used to implement neuromorphic computing hardware. A charge sharing based neural network is described which consists of a hybrid of conventional CMOS technology and novel memristors. Results demonstrate that the circuit can be implemented with energy consumption on the order of tens of femto-joules. Furthermore, a training circuit is presented for implementing supervised learning in hardware with low area overhead. C1 [Rose, Garrett S.] NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Pino, Robinson; Wu, Qing] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Director, Adv Comp Architect, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Rose, GS (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM grose@poly.edu; robinson.pino@rl.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8750-09-2-0157] FX This material is based upon work funded by AFRL under contract No. FA8750-09-2-0157 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 2080 EP 2086 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541202032 ER PT J AU Yakopcic, C Taha, TM Subramanyam, G Rogers, S AF Yakopcic, Chris Taha, Tarek M. Subramanyam, Guru Rogers, Stanley GP IEEE TI Multiple Memristor Read and Write Circuit for Neuromorphic Applications SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst AB A memristor based write circuit is presented that can update multiple memristors using a neuron spike generated by the Izhikevich model. A memristor read circuit is also presented that is capable of quantizing the resistance into 5 discrete values that could be digitally decoded. Together, these circuits provide the basic block for a memristor based neuromorphic architecture. The memristors were modeled using published device characterization data. C1 [Yakopcic, Chris; Taha, Tarek M.; Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rogers, Stanley] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yakopcic, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yakopccg@notes.udayton.edu; tarek.taha@notes.udayton.edu; guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu; Stanley.Rogers2@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 2676 EP 2682 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541202118 ER PT J AU Yakopcic, C Taha, TM Subramanyam, G Pino, RE Rogers, S AF Yakopcic, Chris Taha, Tarek M. Subramanyam, Guru Pino, Robinson E. Rogers, Stanley GP IEEE TI Analysis of a Memristor based 1T1M Crossbar Architecture SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst AB The recently discovered memristor has the potential to be the building block of a high-density memory system. A memristor based crossbar memory system was analyzed in terms of timing and switching energy using SPICE. The memristor model in the simulations was designed to match the I-V characteristics of three different published devices. The simulation results for each device were compared to demonstrate the performance of a one transistor one memristor (1T1M) memristor crossbar. C1 [Yakopcic, Chris; Taha, Tarek M.; Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Pino, Robinson E.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Rogers, Stanley] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yakopcic, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yakopccg@notes.udayton.edu; tarek.taha@notes.udayton.edu; guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu; Robinson.Pino@rl.af.mil; Stanley.Rogers2@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 3243 EP 3247 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541203055 ER PT S AU Joslyn, TB Ketsdever, AD AF Joslyn, Thomas B. Ketsdever, Andrew D. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI Droplet Charging Effects in the Space Environment SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA), Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE liquid droplet charging; plasma environment ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; OILS AB Several applications exist for transiting liquid droplets through the near-Earth space environment. Numerical results are presented for the charging of liquid droplets of trimethyl pentaphenyl siloxane (DC705) in three different plasma environments: ionosphere, auroral, and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). Nominal and high geomagnetic activity cases are investigated. In general, high levels of droplet charging (>100V) exist only in GEO during periods of high geomagnetic or solar activity. An experiment was conducted to assess the charging of silicon-oil droplets due to photoemission. The photoemission yield in the 120-200nm wavelength range was found to be approximately 0.06. C1 [Joslyn, Thomas B.] USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ketsdever, Andrew D.] Univ Colorado Colorado Springs, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Joslyn, TB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate (EdwardsAFB, California) FX The authors wish to thank the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate (EdwardsAFB, California) for their support of this research. The figure-making skills of Mr. Ryan Bosworth are appreciated. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 1079 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3562788 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300168 ER PT S AU Bellens, P Palaniappan, K Badia, RM Seetharaman, G Labarta, J AF Bellens, Pieter Palaniappan, Kannappan Badia, Rosa M. Seetharaman, Guna Labarta, Jesus BE BlancTalon, J Kleihorst, R Philips, W Popescu, D Scheunders, P TI Parallel Implementation of the Integral Histogram SO ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR INTELLIGENT VISION SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems (ACIVS) / 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC) CY AUG 22-25, 2011 CL Ghent Univ, Ghent, BELGIUM SP Flemish Fund Sci Res (FWO Vlaanderen), Ghent Univ, Fac Engn & Architecture, Interdisciplinary Inst Broadband Technol (IBBT), Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, Philips, NICTA, Object Video (OV), ACM, IEEE, VITO, TMC Grp HO Ghent Univ ID PROCESSOR; MULTICORE AB The integral histogram is a recently proposed preprocessing technique to compute histograms of arbitrary rectangular gridded (i.e. image or volume) regions in constant time. We formulate a general parallel version of the the integral histogram and analyse its implementation in Star Superscalar (StarSs). StarSs provides a uniform programming and runtime environment and facilitates the development of portable code for heterogeneous parallel architectures. In particular, we discuss the implementation for the multi-core IBM Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) and provide extensive performance measurements and tradeoffs using two different scan orders or histogram propagation methods. For 640 x 480 images, a tile or block size of 28 x 28 and 16 histogram bins the parallel algorithm is able to reach greater than real-time performance of more than 200 frames per second. C1 [Bellens, Pieter; Badia, Rosa M.; Labarta, Jesus] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Labarta, Jesus] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Catalunya, Spain. [Badia, Rosa M.] Spanish Natl Res Council, CSIC, Intelligence Res Inst, IIIA, Madrid, Spain. [Palaniappan, Kannappan] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Seetharaman, Guna] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, New York, NY USA. RP Bellens, P (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. RI Badia, Rosa/L-1980-2014; Labarta, Jesus/G-5256-2015 OI Badia, Rosa/0000-0003-2941-5499; Labarta, Jesus/0000-0002-7489-4727 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TIN2007-60625]; European Commission in the context of the HiPEAC Network of Excellence [IST-004408]; MareIncognito project under BSC-IBM; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8750-10-1- 0182, FA8750-11-1-0073] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract no. TIN2007-60625), the European Commission in the context of the HiPEAC Network of Excellence (contract no. IST-004408), and the MareIncognito project under the BSC-IBM collaboration agreement. This research was partially supported by grants to KP from the the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under agreements FA8750-10-1- 0182 and FA8750-11-1-0073. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied of AFRL or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The FPSS video sequences were provided by Dr. Alex Chan at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23687-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6915 BP 586 EP 598 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBI37 UT WOS:000306962700053 ER PT J AU Lee, H Owens, J AF Lee, Hoonjoo Owens, Jeffery BE Vassiliadis, S TI Superhydrophobic Superoleophobic Woven Fabrics SO ADVANCES IN MODERN WOVEN FABRICS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER DROPLETS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; LIQUID DROPLETS; SLIDING ANGLES; LOTUS; WETTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; FILMS C1 [Lee, Hoonjoo] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Owens, Jeffery] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-337-8 PY 2011 BP 179 EP 196 D2 10.5772/678 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BE4WX UT WOS:000372183300010 ER PT S AU Anderson, MD Guild, E Perram, GP AF Anderson, Monte D. Guild, Eric Perram, Glen P. BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR TI Tunable optical delay hole burning and ground state depletion effects in cesium vapor SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light IV CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE slow light; cesium; optical delay; saturation spectroscopy; hole-burning ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; LIGHT; PROPAGATION; SLOW; PULSE AB Optically tunable pulse delays in cesium vapor were demonstrated by pumping several D-2 transitions and burning holes in the D-1 absorption spectrum. A modified sub-Doppler absorption spectroscopy setup was used with counter propagating beams with a Gaussian 7-ns full-width at half-maximum probe pulse is scanned across the D-1 absorption spectrum. Probe laser optical delays followed Kramers-Kronig model prediction for Cs D-1 without D-2 pump laser. Optical control of pulse delay was demonstrated by varying pump intensity. Localized delay effects in agreement with model predictions were observed in the neighborhood of a burnt hole. C1 [Anderson, Monte D.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anderson, MD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM monte.anderson@usafa.edu RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009; OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8486-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7949 AR 79490V DI 10.1117/12.875238 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWE06 UT WOS:000293700300016 ER PT J AU Chimakurthi, SK Cesnik, CES Stanford, BK AF Chimakurthi, Satish K. Cesnik, Carlos E. S. Stanford, Bret K. TI Flapping-Wing Structural Dynamics Formulation Based on a Corotational Shell Finite Element SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 02-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID GENERALIZED-ALPHA METHOD; NONLINEAR-ANALYSIS; LARGE ROTATIONS; BEAMS; CHOICE; THIN AB Flexible flapping wings have garnered a large amount of attention within the micro aerial vehicle community: a critical component of computational micro aerial vehicle simulations is the representation of the structural dynamics behavior of the flapping-wing structure. This paper discusses the development of a new nonlinear finite element solver that is based on a corotational approach and suitable for simulating flapping plate/shell-like wing structures undergoing small strains and large displacements/rotations. Partial verification and validation studies are presented on rectangular/elliptic wing structures to test the rigid body kinematics, nonlinear statics, and dynamics capabilities of the solver. Results obtained showed good agreement with available analytical/experimental/commercial solutions. The new structural dynamics formulation along with the numerical test cases contribute to the very limited set of tools and examples existing in the flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle literature. C1 [Chimakurthi, Satish K.; Cesnik, Carlos E. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stanford, Bret K.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Chimakurthi, SK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 128 EP 142 DI 10.2514/1.J050494 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707RT UT WOS:000286304400010 ER PT J AU Lucey, BP Clifford, DB Creighton, J Edwards, RR McArthur, JC Haythornthwaite, J AF Lucey, Brendan P. Clifford, David B. Creighton, Jason Edwards, Robert R. McArthur, Justin C. Haythornthwaite, Jennifer TI Relationship of depression and catastrophizing to pain, disability, and medication adherence in patients with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV; neuropathy; depression; catastrophizing; medication adherence ID SELF-REPORTED ADHERENCE; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; SYMPTOMS; VALIDATION; INFECTION; IMPACT; SCALE AB Few studies have examined how patients with chronic HIV infection cope with pain and how pain relates to medication adherence. Pain coping strategies such as catastrophizing are often associated with increased pain and disability and may also influence adherence to medications. The goal of our study is to assess the relationship of catastrophizing and depression to pain, disability, and medication adherence through questionnaires administered to a cross-section of patients with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. In our study, 46 HIV-seropositive subjects completed questionnaires evaluating neuropathic pain severity, pain catastrophizing, pain-related disability, depressive symptoms, severity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) side effects, and common reasons for medication nonadherence. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that pain catastrophizing correlated with severity of neuropathic pain independent of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, depressive symptoms were not associated with multiple factors independent of pain catastrophizing such as severity of neuropathic pain and pain-related disability. Pain catastrophizing, but not depressive symptoms, correlated with increased pain disability even after controlling for the effects of age and neuropathic pain. We also found that poor adherence attributed to fear of side effects or forgetfulness was associated with increased severity of neuropathic pain, while depressive symptoms but not catastrophizing correlated with ART side effects. These findings suggest that both catastrophizing and depressive symptoms are important factors to consider in the management of pain from HIV neuropathy and adherence to ART. C1 [Lucey, Brendan P.] Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Neurol, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Clifford, David B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Creighton, Jason; McArthur, Justin C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Edwards, Robert R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Haythornthwaite, Jennifer] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Lucey, BP (reprint author), Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Neurol, Nellis AFB, NV USA. EM brendanlucey@hotmail.com OI Lucey, Brendan/0000-0001-5400-825X FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH075673, MH075673]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS26643] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PY 2011 VL 23 IS 8 BP 921 EP 928 DI 10.1080/09540121.2010.543883 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 881JM UT WOS:000299479600001 PM 21500021 ER PT J AU Lifson, AR Krantz, EM Eberly, LE Dolan, MJ Marconi, VC Weintrob, AC Crum-Cianflone, NF Ganesan, A Grambsch, PL Agan, BK AF Lifson, Alan R. Krantz, Elizabeth M. Eberly, Lynn E. Dolan, Matthew J. Marconi, Vincent C. Weintrob, Amy C. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Ganesan, Anuradha Grambsch, Patricia L. Agan, Brian K. CA IDCRP HIV Working Grp TI Long-term CD4+lymphocyte response following HAART initiation in a US Military prospective cohort SO AIDS RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Article AB Background: Among HIV-infected persons initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), early CD4+ lymphocyte count increases are well described. However, whether CD4+ levels continue to increase or plateau after 4-6 years is controversial. Methods: To address this question and identify other determinants of CD4+ response, we analyzed data for 1,846 persons from a prospective HIV military cohort study who initiated HAART, who had post-HAART CD4+ measurements, and for whom HIV seroconversion (SC) date was estimated. Results: CD4+ count at HAART initiation was <= 200 cells/mm(3) for 23%, 201-349 for 31%, 350-499 for 27%, and >= 500 for 19%. The first 6 months post-HAART, the greatest CD4+ increases (93-151 cells) occurred, with lesser increases (22-36 cells/year) through the first four years. Although CD4+ changes for the entire cohort were relatively flat thereafter, HIV viral load (VL) suppressors showed continued increases of 12-16 cells/year. In multivariate analysis adjusting for baseline CD4+ and post-HAART time interval, CD4+ responses were poorer in those with: longer time from HIV SC to HAART start, lower pre-HAART CD4+ nadir, higher pre-HAART VL, and clinical AIDS before HAART (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Small but positive long-term increases in CD4+ count in virally suppressed patients were observed. CD4+ response to HAART is influenced by multiple factors including duration of preceding HIV infection, and optimized if treatment is started with virally suppressive therapy as early as possible. C1 [Lifson, Alan R.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Krantz, Elizabeth M.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Grambsch, Patricia L.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def Inst Mil Operat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lifson, Alan R.; Krantz, Elizabeth M.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Weintrob, Amy C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Grambsch, Patricia L.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lifson, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM lifso001@umn.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669; Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X FU Department of Defense through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [IDCRP-000-03]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP-000-03) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-6405 J9 AIDS RES THER JI Aids Res. Ther. PY 2011 VL 8 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1742-6405-8-2 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V27LK UT WOS:000208614500002 PM 21244701 ER PT J AU Springer, NC Chang, C Fields, HW Beck, FM Firestone, AR Rosenstiel, S Christensen, JC AF Springer, Nathan C. Chang, Chan Fields, Henry W. Beck, F. Michael Firestone, Allen R. Rosenstiel, Stephen Christensen, James C. TI Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID DENTAL ATTRACTIVENESS RATINGS; BUCCAL CORRIDOR SPACE; ARC AB Introduction: Computer-based smile esthetic surveys based on slider technology allow more precise control of variables and the possibility of obtaining continuous data. Variations in the perception of smiles from different facial perspectives have not been resolved. The objective of this study was to quantify the ideal and the range of acceptable values for smile variables judged by laypersons from a full-face perspective for comparison with lower-face data. Methods: Mirrored and symmetric male and female full faces previously determined by peers to be of average attractiveness were used. Ninety-six laypersons judged these smile variables: smile arc, buccal corridor fill, maxillary gingival display, maxillary midline to face, maxillary to mandibular midline discrepancy, overbite, central incisor gingival margin discrepancy, maxillary anterior gingival height discrepancy, incisal edge discrepancy, and cant. The judges manipulated the variables using adjustable image technology that allowed the variable to morph and appear continuous on a computer monitor. Medians for each smile variable were compiled, and the Fleiss-Cohen weighted kappa statistic was calculated to measure reliability. Multiple randomization tests with adjusted P values were used to compare these data with those for lower-face views. Results: Reliability ranged from 0.25 for ideal overbite to 0.60 for upper midline to face, except for upper and lower buccal corridor limits, which each had a kappa value near 0. There were no statistically significant differences between the ratings of male and female raters. The following variables showed statistically and clinically significant differences (>1 mm) when compared with the lower-face view: ideal smile arc, ideal buccal corridor, maximum gingival display, upper to lower midline, and occlusal cant. Although the smile arc values differed because of model lip curvature variations, the principle of tracking the curve of the lower lip was confirmed. For the full-face view, the raters preferred less maximum gingival display, less buccal corridor, more upper to lower midline discrepancy, and less cant of the occlusal plane. Conclusions: Reliability was fair to moderate with the exception of the buccal corridor limits. Most variables showed no clinically meaningful differences from the lower-face view. The acceptable range was quite large for most variables. Detailed knowledge of the ideal values of the various variables is important and can be incorporated into orthodontic treatment to produce an optimal esthetic smile. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:e91-e101) C1 [Chang, Chan; Fields, Henry W.; Firestone, Allen R.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Orthodont, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beck, F. Michael] Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Oral Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Christensen, James C.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fields, HW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Orthodont, 4088F Postle Hall,305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fields.31@osu.edu OI Rosenstiel, Stephen/0000-0001-8645-7383 FU Delta Dental Foundation; Delta Dental of Michigan, Ohio; Delta Dental of Michigan, Indiana FX Financial support provided by the Dental Master's Thesis Award Program sponsored by Delta Dental Foundation, the philanthropic affiliate of Delta Dental of Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 24 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 AR 139:e91 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.06.019 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 700XQ UT WOS:000285779300010 PM 21195262 ER PT J AU Hall, AB Keller, LL Varner, L Naing, W Countryman, D Mitchell, JD AF Hall, Andrew B. Keller, Leslie L. Varner, Louis Naing, Win Countryman, David Mitchell, James D. TI Positron Emission Tomography and Carcinosarcoma of the Esophagus SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHASE-III TRIAL; SURGERY; CANCER; CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; CHEMORADIATION; PSEUDOSARCOMA; CARCINOMA; RADIOTHERAPY; THERAPY; PET C1 [Hall, Andrew B.; Keller, Leslie L.; Varner, Louis; Mitchell, James D.] USAF, MC, Keesler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab,MDSS SGSE 81, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Naing, Win; Countryman, David] Gulf Coast Vet Hlth Care Syst, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Hall, AB (reprint author), USAF, MC, Keesler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab,MDSS SGSE 81, 301 Fisher St,Room BA 144, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM andrew.hall.2@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 77 IS 1 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 710WP UT WOS:000286548000035 PM 21396330 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Hawkins, T Ahmed, Y Rosander, M Hudgens, L Mills, J AF Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tom Ahmed, Yonis Rosander, Michael Hudgens, Leslie Mills, Jeff TI Green Bipropellants: Hydrogen-Rich Ionic Liquids that Are Hypergolic with Hydrogen Peroxide SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen-rich fuels; hypergolicity; ionic liquids; propellants ID SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; IODIDES; FUELS C1 [Schneider, Stefan; Hawkins, Tom; Ahmed, Yonis; Rosander, Michael; Hudgens, Leslie; Mills, Jeff] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM stefan.schneider@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge Dr. M. Berman (Air Force Office of Scientific Research) for financial support and Dr. M. Gembicky (Bruker AXS Inc.) for helping refine the X-ray data. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 7 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 26 BP 5886 EP 5888 DI 10.1002/anie.201101752 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 782IM UT WOS:000292001700018 PM 21567698 ER PT J AU Yu, DS Nagelli, E Naik, R Dai, LM AF Yu, Dingshan Nagelli, Enoch Naik, Rajesh Dai, Liming TI Asymmetrically Functionalized Graphene for Photodependent Diode Rectifying Behavior SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE diodes; graphene; nanoparticles; photophysics; surface chemistry ID CARBON NANOTUBES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; SOLAR-CELLS; FILMS; ZNO; OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSPARENT; COMPOSITE; SHEETS C1 [Yu, Dingshan; Nagelli, Enoch; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromolecular Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Yu, Dingshan; Nagelli, Enoch; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Yu, Dingshan; Nagelli, Enoch; Dai, Liming] UNIST, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromolecular Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM liming.dai@case.edu RI Yu, Dingshan/C-8881-2014; OI Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-7650-5131; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-2913-2432 FU NSF; AFRL/DAGSI [RX2-CWRU-10-1]; WCU-UNIST; AFOSR-NBIT; NSFC FX This work was supported financially by the NSF and AFRL/DAGSI (RX2-CWRU-10-1). Partial support from WCU-UNIST, AFOSR-NBIT, and NSFC is also acknowledged. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 29 BP 6575 EP 6578 DI 10.1002/anie.201101305 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 791DV UT WOS:000292644400022 PM 21648034 ER PT J AU Chingin, K Perry, RH Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL Zare, RN AF Chingin, Konstantin Perry, Richard H. Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Zare, Richard N. TI Generation of Melamine Polymer Condensates upon Hypergolic Ignition of Dicyanamide Ionic Liquids SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE dicyanamides; hypergolic ignition; ionic liquids; melamines; triazines ID GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTOMETRY; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ISOCYANIC ACID; CONVERSION; MELEM; PROPELLANTS C1 [Chingin, Konstantin; Perry, Richard H.; Zare, Richard N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chambreau, Steven D.; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Zare, RN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, 333 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zare@stanford.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR: FA 9550-10-1-0235]; Center for Molecular Analysis and Design at Stanford University [CMAD: 1123893-1-AABGE]; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZP2-133126] FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR: FA 9550-10-1-0235) and the Center for Molecular Analysis and Design at Stanford University (CMAD: 1123893-1-AABGE). K. C. acknowledges financial help from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PBEZP2-133126). We thank Prof. Wolfgang Schnick (LMU Munich) and Dr. Joseph Mabry (AFRL, Edwards Air Force Base) for helpful discussions on nitride chemistry. We also thank Dr. Pavel Aronov and Dr. Allis Chien (Stanford University Mass Spectrometry) for providing instrumentation and their expertise in the field of mass spectrometry. Dr. Jun Ge (Stanford University) is acknowledged for his help with SEM measurements. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 37 BP 8634 EP 8637 DI 10.1002/anie.201101247 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 825HF UT WOS:000295261200034 PM 21786369 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Boatz, JA Williams, JM Christe, KO AF Haiges, Ralf Boatz, Jerry A. Williams, Jodi M. Christe, Karl O. TI Preparation and Characterization of the Binary Group 13 Azides M(N-3)(3) and M(N-3)(3)center dot CH3CN (M = Ga, In, Tl), [Ga(N-3)(5)](2-), and [M(N-3)(6)](3-) (M = In, Tl) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; electronic structure; group 13 elements; structure elucidation; vibrational spectroscopy ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; POLYAZIDE CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COVALENT AZIDES; THIN-FILMS; GALLIUM; EFFICIENT; ELEMENTS; ANION C1 [Haiges, Ralf; Christe, Karl O.] Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Haiges, Ralf; Christe, Karl O.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab AFRL RZSP, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Haiges, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; National Science Foundation FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the National Science Foundation. We thank Profs. G. Olah and S. Prakash for their steady support, and Drs. W. Wilson and R. Wagner for their help and stimulating discussions. Grants of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Engineer Research and Development (ERDC) and Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Centers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 84 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 38 BP 8828 EP 8833 DI 10.1002/anie.201103101 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 826VP UT WOS:000295383900007 PM 21766406 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Iyyamperumal, E Roy, A Xue, YH Yu, DS Dai, LM AF Wang, Shuangyin Iyyamperumal, Eswaramoorthi Roy, Ajit Xue, Yuhua Yu, Dingshan Dai, Liming TI Vertically Aligned BCN Nanotubes as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: A Synergetic Effect by Co-Doping with Boron and Nitrogen SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE doping; electrochemistry; fuel cells; nanotubes; oxygen reduction ID DOPED CARBON NANOTUBES; ARRAYS; NITRIDE; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; NANOFIBERS; PROPERTY C1 [Wang, Shuangyin; Iyyamperumal, Eswaramoorthi; Xue, Yuhua; Yu, Dingshan; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Roy, Ajit] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM Liming.Dai@case.edu RI Wang, Shuangyin/C-6784-2009; Yu, Dingshan/C-8881-2014; OI Wang, Shuangyin/0000-0001-7185-9857; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-7650-5131; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-2913-2432 FU AFOSR [FA 9550-10-1-0546]; MURI FX This work was supported financially by AFOSR (FA 9550-10-1-0546) and MURI under Low Density Materials Program (Dr. Joycelyn Harrison-program Manager). NR 40 TC 301 Z9 308 U1 29 U2 261 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 49 BP 11756 EP 11760 DI 10.1002/anie.201105204 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 862IR UT WOS:000298084900038 PM 21990139 ER PT J AU Pedersen, T McCarrick, M Reinisch, B Watkins, B Hamel, R Paznukhov, V AF Pedersen, T. McCarrick, M. Reinisch, B. Watkins, B. Hamel, R. Paznukhov, V. TI Production of artificial ionospheric layers by frequency sweeping near the 2nd gyroharmonic SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Active experiments; Ionization mechanisms; Instruments and techniques ID HAARP AB Artificial ionospheric plasmas descending from the background F-region have been observed on multiple occasions at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility since it reached full 3.6 MW power. Proximity of the transmitter frequency to the 2nd harmonic of the electron gyrofrequency (2f(ce)) has been noted as a requirement for their occurrence, and their disappearance after only a few minutes has been attributed to the increasing frequency mismatch at lower altitudes. We report new experiments employing frequency sweeps to match 2f(ce) in the artificial plasmas as they descend. In addition to revealing the dependence on the 2f(ce) resonance, this technique reliably produces descending plasmas in multiple transmitter beam positions and appears to increase their stability and lifetime. High-speed ionosonde measurements are used to monitor the altitude and density of the artificial plasmas during both the formation and decay stages. C1 [Pedersen, T.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. [McCarrick, M.] Marsh Creek LLC, Mclean, VA USA. [Reinisch, B.; Hamel, R.; Paznukhov, V.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA USA. [Watkins, B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, College, AK USA. RP Pedersen, T (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Space Vehicles Directorate FX HAARP is a Department of Defense program operated jointly by the US Air Force and US Navy. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Space Vehicles Directorate Innovation Fund. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-47-2011 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GM UT WOS:000286723200004 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Pedersen, TR AF Streltsov, A. V. Pedersen, T. R. TI Excitation of zero-frequency magnetic field-aligned currents by ionospheric heating SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Active experiments; Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; Magnetospheric physics; MHD waves and instabilities ID LINE RESONANCES; ALFVEN WAVES; SMALL-SCALE; MAGNETOSPHERE; AURORA; PLASMA AB Time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical simulations of the reduced MHD model describing shear Alfven waves in the magnetosphere provide an interesting prediction superficially similar to results of several ionospheric heating experiments conducted at high altitudes. In these experiments, heating of the ionospheric F-region with a constant/zero-frequency beam of HF waves causes luminous structures in the ionosphere in the form of a ring or a solid spot with a characteristic size comparable to the size of the heated spot. Simulations suggest that spots/rings or similar optical appearance might be associated with a magnetic field-aligned current system produced by the ionospheric heating. Two of the most interesting features of this current system are (1) strong localization across the ambient magnetic field and (2) distinctive non-symmetrical luminous signatures (ring/spot) in magnetically conjugate locations in the ionosphere. C1 [Streltsov, A. V.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM streltsov@dartmouth.edu FU ONR [N00014-08-1-0439]; DARPA [HR0011-09-C-0099]; ONR MURI [N00014-07-1-0789]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a Department of Defense project operated jointly by the US Air Force and US Navy. The authors wish to thank Dennis Papadopoulos, Evgeny Mishin, and Chia-Lie Chang for fruitful discussions of the ionospheric heating with HAARP. This work is supported in part by the HAARP project under ONR award N00014-08-1-0439 and DARPA contract HR0011-09-C-0099 to Dartmouth College and by ONR MURI award N00014-07-1-0789 to the University of Maryland. Work at AFRL was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1152 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1147-2011 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 785SW UT WOS:000292250900005 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Stolfi, A Tankersley, MS AF Calabria, Christopher W. Stolfi, Adrienne Tankersley, Michael S. TI The REPEAT study: recognizing and evaluating periodic local reactions in allergen immunotherapy and associated systemic reactions SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RUSH-IMMUNOTHERAPY; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; DOSE ADJUSTMENT; RISK-FACTORS; INJECTIONS; VENOM; PRETREATMENT; PREMEDICATION; FATALITIES AB Background: Prior studies have demonstrated that large local reactions (LLRs) to subcutaneous immunotherapy do not predict systemic reactions (SRs). However, a recent study demonstrated an increase in LLRs among systemic reactors in practices using routine local reaction dose adjustments. Objective: To investigate the association between LLRs and SRs within a practice that does not dose adjust for LLRs. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of an electronic immunotherapy database during a 12-month period at a single site that does not dose adjust for LLRs. An LLR was defined as larger than the size of the patient's palm measured at 30 minutes. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between SRs and LLRs after controlling for variable numbers of injections and visits among patients. Results: Three hundred sixty patients received a total of 9,679 injections (6,609 visits). Twenty-four patients (6.7% of patients) experienced 38 LLRs (0.4% of injections, 0.6% of visits), whereas 46 patients (12.7% of patients) experienced 51 SRs (0.5% of injections, 0.77% of visits). Only 10 patients (2.8%) experienced both LLRs and SRs, and 36 of 46 SR patients (78.3%) never had an LLR. Among the 24 LLR patients, the SR rate was 1.3% (12/932) of injections and 2.0% (12/611) of visits compared with the 336 non-LLR patients for whom the SR rate was 0.4% (39/8,747) of injections and 0.7% (39/5998) of visits. Of these 24 LLR patients, 10 (41.7%) experienced at least 1 SR vs 36 of 336 non-LLR patients (10.7%). After controlling for number of injections and 1 vs 2 injections per visit, a subgroup of LLR patients were more likely to have an SR during their subcutaneous immunotherapy course (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-11.7). Recurrent LLR patients (n = 10) were not more likely to experience an SR (0.4% per injection). Conclusions: Although LLRs do not predict SRs, a subgroup (41.7%) of LLR patients experience a higher frequency of SRs during their immunotherapy course. In light of a similar previous study, this association occurs irrespective of whether a dose adjustment protocol is used for LLRs. Ann Allergy Asthma hnmunol. 2011;106:49-53. C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Stolfi, Adrienne] Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM chriscalabs@aol.com NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 106 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.10.025 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 707PA UT WOS:000286297300009 PM 21195945 ER PT J AU Shen, LX Suter, BW AF Shen, Lixin Suter, Bruce W. TI Eigengaps for hub-dominant matrices SO APPLICABLE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE hub matrices; eigengaps; equiangular tight frames; arrowhead matrices ID FRAMES; EIGENVALUES; ERASURES AB Hub-dominant matrices are natural extensions of hub matrices. In this article we study eigengaps of the Gram matrix associated with a hub-dominant matrix. A class of hub-dominant matrices is then constructed by using equiangular tight frames. C1 [Shen, Lixin] Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Shen, LX (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM lshen03@syr.edu FU Air Force Visiting Summer Faculty Program; US National Science Foundation [DMS-0712827] FX B.W. Suter would like to thank Dr Daubechies for pointing out the relation between the hub-dominant matrices and equiangular tight frames. L. Shen was supported by Air Force Visiting Summer Faculty Program and by the US National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0712827. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6811 J9 APPL ANAL JI Appl. Anal. PY 2011 VL 90 IS 8 SI SI BP 1227 EP 1242 DI 10.1080/00036810903517571 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 884DC UT WOS:000299684100003 ER PT S AU Martin, RK Mathews, KA Motes, JW AF Martin, Richard K. Mathews, Kirk A. Motes, Jeramy W. BE Tescher, AG TI LADAR range image interpolation exploiting pulse width expansion SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIV CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Laser radar; LADAR; interpolation; gradient; pulse width expansion ID LASER-RADAR AB Laser radar (LADAR) systems produce both a range image and an intensity image. When the transmitted LADAR pulse strikes a sloped surface, the returned pulse is expanded temporally. This makes it possible to estimate the gradient of a surface, pixel by pixel. This paper seeks to find the gradient of the surface of an object from a realistic LADAR return pulse that includes probabilistic noise models. Additionally, optimal and computationally simple interpolation filters are each derived to recover Nyquist-sampled data from data spatially sampled below the Nyquist rate. The filters will then be applied to the embedded information in the gradient to allow the sampling density in the spatial domain to be taken at below the Nyquist criterion while still facilitating an effective 3D reconstruction of an image. C1 [Martin, Richard K.; Motes, Jeramy W.] USAF, Inst Technol AFIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Motes, JW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol AFIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeramy.motes@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-745-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8135 AR 81350E DI 10.1117/12.899480 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY81 UT WOS:000297641400011 ER PT J AU Salnaitis, CL Baker, CA Holland, J Welsh, M AF Salnaitis, Christina L. Baker, Crystal A. Holland, James Welsh, Marilyn TI Differentiating Tower of Hanoi Performance: Interactive Effects of Psychopathic Tendencies, Impulsive Response Styles, and Modality SO APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE executive function; impulsivity; modality; psychopathy; Tower of Hanoi ID PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; WORKING-MEMORY; PRELIMINARY VALIDATION; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; SELF-REPORT; OF-HANOI; MODEL; INTELLIGENCE; INHIBITION; BEHAVIOR AB Previous research has demonstrated that performance on the computerized Tower of Hanoi is lower than performance on the manual Tower of Hanoi. The present study was conducted to elucidate potential factors that contribute to performance differences across modalities. Personality characteristics related to psychopathy and impulsive response styles were hypothesized to be correlates of poor performance on the computerized version of the Tower of Hanoi, which is a problem-solving task that requires working memory, planning, and inhibition. Eighty-four college students from a mid-sized university participated. Participants were grouped as low, middle, or high psychopathy based on their total scores on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory. A 2 (Modality)x3 (Psychopathy) analysis of covariance, controlling for visuospatial working memory, yielded a significant interaction, in which the high psychopathy group did not differ in performance across modality, whereas the low and middle psychopathy groups performed more poorly on the computerized version. Subsequent analyses on reaction time and accuracy for the computerized modality indicated that a reflective, methodical approach to the computerized task was more productively utilized in the low psychopathy group, whereas the fast and accurate approach was more productively utilized in the high psychopathy group. These results suggest that individuals with elevated psychopathic tendencies within a normal population are not necessarily deficient in problem-solving performance on the Tower of Hanoi. Impulsive responding is associated with poor performance in the computerized version of the Tower of Hanoi, irrespective of psychopathic tendencies. Caution should be exercised in interpreting scores on the computerized Tower of Hanoi because the psychometric properties required for comparability with the manual version have not been sufficiently demonstrated. C1 [Salnaitis, Christina L.] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Baker, Crystal A.; Holland, James; Welsh, Marilyn] Univ No Colorado, Sch Psychol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Salnaitis, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 6J147, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM christina.salnaitis@usafa.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0908-4282 J9 APPL NEUROPSYCHOL JI Appl. Neuropsychol. PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 AR PII 934407894 DI 10.1080/09084282.2010.523381 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 733MC UT WOS:000288265800006 PM 21390899 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI Our Army: Soldiers, Politics, and American Civil-Military Relations SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Coletta, Damon] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1177/0095327X10379727 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 698XD UT WOS:000285627300011 ER PT S AU Rice, CA Perram, G AF Rice, Christopher A. Perram, Glen BE Korotkova, O TI A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption System for Long Path Atmospheric Transmission and High Energy Laser Applications SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves CY JAN 25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE TDLAS; Open-Path; Tunable Diode Laser; DPAL; Potassium; Molecular Oxygen ID SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSIONS; OXYGEN AB An open-path Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) system composed of narrow band (similar to 300 kHz) diodes fiber coupled to a 12 '' Ritchey-Chretien transmit telescope has been developed to study atmospheric transmission of key High Energy Laser wavelengths. The ruggedized system has been field deployed and tested for propagation distances of greater than 1 km. Initial experiments were performed in the vicinity of molecular oxygen X(3)Sigma(-)(g) to b(1)Sigma(+)(g) electronic transition lines near 760 nm. The potassium version of the Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) operates in between two of the sharp oxygen rotational features in the PP and the PQ branches. By scanning across many laser free spectral ranges and monitoring the laser frequency with a very precise wavemeter, the full structure of the oxygen molecular feature is observed. The device can also be used to observe rotational temperatures, oxygen concentrations, and total atmospheric pressure. C1 [Rice, Christopher A.; Perram, Glen] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, G (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8461-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7924 AR 79240K DI 10.1117/12.874929 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC56 UT WOS:000297975400013 ER PT J AU Erupe, ME Viggiano, AA Lee, SH AF Erupe, M. E. Viggiano, A. A. Lee, S. -H. TI The effect of trimethylamine on atmospheric nucleation involving H2SO4 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACID-WATER NUCLEATION; PARTICLE FORMATION; SULFURIC-ACID; ALIPHATIC-AMINES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; AMMONIA; NANOPARTICLES AB Field observations and quantum chemical calculations have shown that organic amine compounds may be important for new particle formation involving H2SO4. Here, we report laboratory observations that investigate the effect of trimethylamine (TMA) on H2SO4-H2O nucleation made under aerosol precursor concentrations typically found in the lower troposphere ([H2SO4] of 10(6) - 10(7) cm(-3); [TMA] of 180-1350 pptv). The threshold [H2SO4] needed to produce the unity J was from 10(6) - 10(7) cm(-3) and the slopes of Log J vs. Log [H2SO4] and Log J vs. Log [TMA] were 4-6 and 1, respectively, strikingly similar to the case of ammonia (NH3) ternary nucleation (Benson et al., 2011). At lower RH, however, enhancement in J due to TMA was up to an order of magnitude greater than that due to NH3. These findings imply that both amines and NH3 are important nucleation species, but under dry atmospheric conditions, amines may have stronger effects on H2SO4 nucleation than NH3. Aerosol models should therefore take into account inorganic and organic base compounds together to fully understand the widespread new particle formation events in the lower troposphere. C1 [Erupe, M. E.; Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Viggiano, A. A.] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44240 USA. EM slee19@kent.edu RI Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014 FU NOAA [NA08OAR4310537]; NSF [ATM-0645567, ATM-0904044]; Ohio Board of Regents FX This study was supported by NOAA (NA08OAR4310537), NSF (Career ATM-0645567; ATM-0904044) and Ohio Board of Regents. We also thank Greg Huey and Dave Tanner for technical support for CIMS; Jyri Mikkila for technical assistances on PSM; John Passett, Bob Twieg, Li-Hao Young and Dave Moore for useful discussions; and Dave Benson, Andrey Makovich, and Vijay Kanawade for technical assistances; Jason Yu for providing TMA CIMS measurements. NR 67 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 72 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4767 EP 4775 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4767-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770NU UT WOS:000291094500013 ER PT S AU Gudimetla, VSR Holmes, RB Farrell, TC Lucas, J AF Gudimetla, V. S. Rao Holmes, Richard B. Farrell, Thomas C. Lucas, Jacob BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Phase screen simulations of laser propagation through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Atmospheric Propagation VIII CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Atmospheric turbulence; non-Kolmogorov turbulence; simulation; scintillation ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WAVES AB Phase Screen simulations for laser propagation through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are presented and the results for scintillation index and correlation functions for the intensity are compared with the theory at low turbulence levels at selected non-Kolmogorov exponents. Additional simulation results are presented the strong turbulence region. In particular, effects of transitioning from Kolmogorov to non-Kolmogorov turbulence using their spectral equivalence at the Fresnel scale (as suggested in the literature) on the scintillation index and correlation functions at the receiver are examined for two example paths. C1 [Gudimetla, V. S. Rao; Farrell, Thomas C.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Gudimetla, VSR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Det 15,535 Lipoa Pkwy 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-612-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8038 AR 803808 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BVO29 UT WOS:000292039500007 ER PT S AU Leakeas, CL Capehart, SR Bartell, RJ Cusumano, SJ Whiteley, MR AF Leakeas, Charles L. Capehart, Shay R. Bartell, Richard J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Whiteley, Matthew R. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Performance Modeling of the Effects of Aperture Phase Error, Turbulence, and Thermal Blooming on Tiled Subaperture Systems SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Atmospheric Propagation VIII CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tiled subapertures; thermal blooming; atmospheric turbulence; aperture phase errors; multivariable linear regression analysis; HEL performance models ID LASER ARRAY; PROPAGATION AB Laser weapon systems comprised of tiled subapertures are rapidly emerging in importance in the directed energy community. Performance models of these laser weapon systems have been developed from numerical simulations of a high fidelity wave-optics code called WaveTrain which is developed by MZA Associates. System characteristics such as mutual coherence, differential jitter, and beam quality rms wavefront error are defined for a focused beam on the target. Engagement scenarios are defined for various platform and target altitudes, speeds, headings, and slant ranges along with the natural wind speed and heading. Inputs to the performance model include platform and target height and velocities, Fried coherence length, Rytov number, isoplanatic angle, thermal blooming distortion number, Greenwood and Tyler frequencies, and atmospheric transmission. The performance model fit is based on power-in-the-bucket (PIB) values against the PIB from the simulation results for the vacuum diffraction-limited spot size as the bucket. The goal is to develop robust performance models for aperture phase error, turbulence, and thermal blooming effects in tiled subaperture systems. C1 [Leakeas, Charles L.; Bartell, Richard J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leakeas, CL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cleakeas@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-612-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8038 AR 803803 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BVO29 UT WOS:000292039500002 ER PT S AU Randall, RM Fiorino, ST Via, MF Downs, AD AF Randall, Robb M. Fiorino, Steven T. Via, Michelle F. Downs, Adam D. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Validation of Technique to Hyperspectrally Characterize the Lower Atmosphere with Limited Surface Observations SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Atmospheric Propagation VIII CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Atmospheric boundary layer; radiative transfer; hyperspectral; surface observations; vertical profiles; LEEDR AB This paper demonstrates the capability of AFIT/CDE's Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) model to accurately characterize the meteorological parameters and radiative transfer effects of the atmospheric boundary layer with only surface observations of temperature, pressure, and humidity. The LEEDR model is a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface to 100 km, atmospheric propagation and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. Physics-based cloud and precipitation characterizations are coupled with a probability of cloud free line of sight (CFLOS) algorithm for air-to-air, air-to-surface, and surface-to-air (or space) look angles. In general, LEEDR defines the well-mixed atmospheric boundary layer with a worldwide, probabilistic surface climatology based on season and time of day, and then computes the radiative transfer and propagation effects from the vertical profile of meteorological variables. However, the LEEDR user can also directly input surface observations. This research compares the LEEDR vertical profiles created from input surface observations to actual observations from balloon launches. Results are then compared to the LEEDR ExPERT climatological sounding for the same time of day and season. RMSE are calculated and it was found that closer for those profiles made from surface observations than those made from climatological data for the same season and time. Impacts of those differences are shown with a relevant tactical scenario in AFIT/CDE HELEEOS program. C1 [Randall, Robb M.; Fiorino, Steven T.; Via, Michelle F.; Downs, Adam D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Randall, RM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robb.randall@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-612-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8038 AR 803807 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BVO29 UT WOS:000292039500006 ER PT S AU Schmidt, JD Steinbock, MJ Berg, EC AF Schmidt, Jason D. Steinbock, Michael J. Berg, Eric C. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI A flexible testbed for adaptive optics in strong turbulence SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Atmospheric Propagation VIII CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; atmospheric turbulence; wavefront sensing ID DEGRADED POLARIMETRIC IMAGERY; MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION; STRONG SCINTILLATION; PHASE; COMMUNICATION; PERFORMANCE; SENSORS AB In recent years, optical wave propagation through strong atmospheric turbulence and adaptive optics compensation thereof has received much attention in literature and technical meetings. At the Air Force Institute of Technology, recent simulation-based efforts in strong turbulence compensation are expanding into laboratory experiments utilizing a versatile surrogate turbulence simulator and adaptive optics system. The system can switch between using two different wavefront sensors, a Shack-Hartmann and a self-referencing interferometer. Wavefront reconstruction takes place on field programmable gate arrays, operating at kilohertz frame rates. Further, the system is able to perform reconstruction and control in software for testing of advanced algorithms (at frame rates below 10 Hz). The entire package is compact enough for transportation to other laboratories and live test facilities. This paper describes the optical layout, architecture, and initial results of real-time operation. C1 [Schmidt, Jason D.; Steinbock, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jason.Schmidt@afit.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-612-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8038 AR 80380O PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BVO29 UT WOS:000292039500021 ER PT J AU Courtney, MW Courtney, AC AF Courtney, M. W. Courtney, A. C. BE Baker, E Templeton, D TI ATTENUATION OF A BLAST WAVE THROUGH CRANIAL BONE SO BALLISTICS 2011: 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOL 1 AND VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Ballistics CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Miami, FL SP Ballist Div Natl Def Ind Assoc (NDIA) ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MINERAL-CONTENT; PRESSURE; EXPOSURE; RAT; AGE AB Results from animal models suggest that a blast wave may be directly transmitted through cranial bone. Numerical models of blast wave interaction with the human head suggest that transmission may be large, and magnification may occur, but models have not yet been experimentally validated. Here, attenuation of a localized blast wave was measured through a layer of dry, cranial deer bone lined with 4mm of 10% gelatin. Peak unobstructed pressures of 461.6 and 166.0 kPa were reduced to 24.8 and 6.1 kPa, respectively (attenuations of 0.946 and 0.963, which are much larger than model predictions). The issues of accurate material properties at strain rates induced by blast waves, the role of skull flexure, and understanding both peak pressures and positive pulse durations of expected exposures are critical issues to resolve if numerical model results are to have quantitative validity for risk assessment and armor development. C1 [Courtney, M. W.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Courtney, MW (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-052-5 PY 2011 BP 2096 EP 2107 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BXY64 UT WOS:000297632200226 ER PT B AU Stephan, CN Emanovsky, PD Tyrrell, AJ AF Stephan, Carl N. Emanovsky, Paul D. Tyrrell, Andrew J. BE Lestrel, PE TI The Use of Clavicle Boundary Outlines to Identify Skeletal Remains of US Personnel Recovered From Past Conflicts: Results of Initial Tests SO BIOLOGICAL SHAPE ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Biological Shape Analysis CY JUN 03-06, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Agr Ctr Tsukuba ID IDENTIFICATION AB The identification of skeletons cannot always be achieved using DNA and/or dental records. This is especially true of remains thought to belong to US military personnel that were recovered from the Korean War. A solution to this problem may be found by matching ante-mortem and post-mortem radiographs since the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC) holds ante-mortem chest radiographs of 71% of the unaccounted for individuals from this conflict. Initial tests of visual methods revealed that seven skeletons of known identity (representing five true positive and two true negative identification scenarios) could be morphoscopically identified without errors from radiographs of up to 1000 subjects and from "open" ended sequential tests using claviculae and cervical/thoracic vertebrae anatomy. While visual radiographic comparison methods therefore hold promise, their quantification is paramount for efficient database searching. As radiographs for more than 6500 missing personnel exist, weeks would be required for human operators to undertake visual searches for any single individual. This paper, therefore, reports the results of Elliptical Fourier Analysis (EFA) to quantify clavicle shapes and to provide the basis for expedited electronic searches. To accommodate for radiographs that display only partial clavicles, outlines of clavicle shafts were used to generate four closed shapes for each individual (representing the superior and inferior borders of the left and right clavicles). Amplitudes, calculated from EFA of these shapes, served as the basis for post-mortem-ante-mortem image comparisons. Although some complicating factors existed, amplitude values provided a simple numerical coding system that enabled large proportions of the AM chest radiograph library to be quickly and correctly excluded, when searches for a correctly matching AM radiograph are made in reference to a single skeleton. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.; Emanovsky, Paul D.; Tyrrell, Andrew J.] Cent Identificat Lab JPAC CIL, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab JPAC CIL, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil FU Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory FX This paper is supported, in part, by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and JPAC/CIL. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4355-23-0 PY 2011 BP 105 EP 130 PG 26 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BH0AI UT WOS:000394470900008 ER PT S AU Perlovsky, LI Ilin, R AF Perlovsky, L. I. Ilin, R. BE Samsonovich, AV Johannsdottir, KR TI Neurally and Mathematically Motivated Architecture for Language and Cognition SO BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES 2011 SE Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Meeting of the Biologically-Inspired-Cognitive-Architectures-Society (BICA) CY NOV 04-06, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP Biologically Inspired Cognit Architectures Soc DE Cognitive development; language acquisition; abstract cognition AB Neural structures of interaction between thinking and language are unknown. This paper suggests a possible architecture motivated by mathematical and neural considerations. A mathematical requirement of computability imposes significant constraints on possible architectures consistent with brain neural structure and with a wealth of psychological knowledge. How does language interacts with cognition? Do we think with words, or is thinking independent from language with words being just labels for decisions? Why is language learned by the age of 5 or 7, but the acquisition of knowledge represented by this language takes a lifetime? This paper discusses hierarchical aspects of language and thought and argues that high level abstract thinking is impossible without language. We discuss a mathematical technique that can model the joint language-thought architecture, while overcoming previously encountered difficulties of computability. This architecture explains a contradiction between the human ability for rational thoughtful decisions and the irrationality of human thinking revealed by Tversky and Kahneman; a crucial role in this contradiction might be played by language. The proposed model resolves long- standing issues: how the brain learns correct words-object associations; why animals are not able to talk and think like people. We propose the role played by language emotionality in its interaction with thought. We relate the mathematical model to Humboldt's " firmness" of languages; and discuss the possible influence of language grammar on its emotionality. Psychological and brain imaging experiments related to the proposed model are discussed. Future theoretical and experimental research is outlined. C1 [Perlovsky, L. I.] WP AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ilin, R.] Harvard Univ, Martinos Brain Imaging Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), WP AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 978-1-60750-959-2; 978-1-60750-958-5 J9 FRONT ARTIF INTEL AP PY 2011 VL 233 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BC0DP UT WOS:000348931200047 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Fitzgerald, LA Ray, R Little, BJ Lizewski, SE Petersen, ER Ringeisen, BR Sanders, WC Sheehan, PE Pietron, JJ Baldwin, JW Nadeau, LJ Johnson, GR Ribbens, M Finkel, SE Nealson, KH AF Biffinger, Justin C. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda J. Lizewski, Stephen E. Petersen, Emily R. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Sanders, Wesley C. Sheehan, Paul E. Pietron, Jeremy J. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Johnson, Glenn R. Ribbens, Meghann Finkel, Steven E. Nealson, Kenneth H. TI The utility of Shewanella japonica for microbial fuel cells SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cell; Shewanella; Sucrose; Mediators; Carbohydrate ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; BIOFILM; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; FLAVINS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Shewanella-containing microbial fuel cells (MFCs) typically use the fresh water wild-type strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 due to its metabolic diversity and facultative oxidant tolerance. However. S. oneidensis MR-1 is not capable of metabolizing polysaccharides for extracellular electron transfer. The applicability of Shewanella japonica (an agar-lytic Shewanella strain) for power applications was analyzed using a diverse array of carbon sources for current generation from MFCs, cellular physiological responses at an electrode surface, biofilm formation, and the presence of soluble extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes. Critically, air-exposed S. japonica utilizes biosynthesized extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes with sucrose as the sole carbon source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Lizewski, Stephen E.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Sanders, Wesley C.; Sheehan, Paul E.; Pietron, Jeremy J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ribbens, Meghann; Finkel, Steven E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Sect, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research [62123 N, 61153 N]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0292]; US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX) FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (NRL 6.2 Program Element Number 62123 N), NRL Program Element Number 61153 N, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program, Award No. FA9550-06-1-0292) and the AFRL research was funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX). NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.078 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 699IY UT WOS:000285658300039 PM 20663660 ER PT J AU Crossley, BL Glauvitz, NE Quinton, BT Coutu, RA Collins, PJ AF Crossley, Benjamin L. Glauvitz, Nathan E. Quinton, Betty T. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Collins, Peter J. BE Marulanda, JM TI Characterizing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis for Field Emission Applications SO CARBON NANOTUBES APPLICATIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EMITTERS; DENSITY; GROWTH C1 [Crossley, Benjamin L.; Glauvitz, Nathan E.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Collins, Peter J.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Quinton, Betty T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Crossley, BL (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-496-2 PY 2011 BP 105 EP 126 D2 10.5772/977 PG 22 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BE4KQ UT WOS:000371824800005 ER PT S AU Gordon, JM Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Gordon, J. Motos Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Empirical model for the temporally resolved temperatures of post-detonation fireballs for aluminized high explosives SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fireball temperature; radiative cooling; detonation; RDX; spectra AB A physics-based empirical model is developed to characterize the time varying temperature profile from post-detonation combustion. Fourier-transform infrared signatures are collected from field detonations of RDX-based aluminized high explosives surrounded by an aluminized plastic-bonded spin-cast liner. The rate of change of temperature in the post-detonation combustion fireballs are modeled using a radiative cooling term and a double exponential combustion source term. Optimized nonlinear least-squares fit of the numerical solution of the empirical model to the temperature data yields peak temperatures of 1290-1850. The observed heat released in the secondary combustion is well correlated with the high explosive and liner heat of combustion with an average efficiency of 54%. C1 [Gordon, J. Motos; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordon, JM (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joe.gordon@dtra.mil; kevin.gross@afit.edu; glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-592-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8018 AR 80181M DI 10.1117/12.883515 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXX76 UT WOS:000297515800051 ER PT S AU Hagen, JA Kim, SN Kelley-Loughnane, N Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Hagen, Joshua A. Kim, Sang Nyon Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Naik, Rajesh R. Stone, Morley O. BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Selective vapor phase sensing of small molecules using biofunctionalized field effect transistors SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE DNA aptamer; biological recognition element; field effect transistor; sensor; zinc oxide; riboflavin ID PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; APTAMER; RECOGNITION; SENSORS; PEPTIDE AB This work details a proof of concept study for vapor phase selective sensing using a strategy of biorecognition elements (BRE) integrated into a zinc oxide field effect transistor (ZnO FET). ZnO FETs are highly sensitive to changes to the environment with little to no selectivity. Addition of a biorecognition element retains the sensitivity of the device while adding selectivity. The DNA aptamer designed to bind the small molecule riboflavin was covalently integrated into the ZnO FET and detects the presence of 116 ppb of riboflavin in a nitrogen atmosphere by a change in current. The unfunctionalized ZnO FET shows no response to this same concentrations of riboflavin, showing that the aptamer-binding strategy may be a promising strategy for vapor phase sensing. C1 [Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hagen, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-592-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8018 AR 80180B DI 10.1117/12.882119 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXX76 UT WOS:000297515800010 ER PT S AU Harley, JL Gross, KC AF Harley, Jacob L. Gross, Kevin C. BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Remote Quantification of Smokestack Effluent Mass Flow Rates Using Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometry SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE imaging Fourier-transformspectrometer (IFTS); smokestack effluents; turbulence; flow estimation ID JETS; SPECTROSCOPY; VELOCIMETRY; IMAGES AB A Telops Hyper-Cam midwave infrared (1.5 - 5.5 mu m) imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS) was used to estimate industrial smokestack total effluent mass flow rates by combining spectrally-determined species concentrations with flow rates estimated via analysis of sequential images in the raw interferogram cube. Measurements of the coal-burning smokestack were made with the IFTS at a stand-off distance of 350 m. 185 hyperspectral datacubes were collected on a 128(W) x 64(H) pixel sub-window (11.4 x 11.4 cm(2) per pixel) at a 0.5 cm(-1) spectral resolution. Strong emissions from H2O, CO2, CO, SO2, and NO were observed in the spectrum. A previously established single-layer radiative transfer model was used to estimate gas concentrations immediately above stack exit, and results compared reasonably with in situ measurements. A simple temporal cross-correlation analysis of sequential imagery enabled an estimation of the flow velocity at center stack. The estimated volumetric flow rate of 106 +/- 23m/s was within 4% of the reported value. Final effluent mass flow rates for CO2 and SO2 of 13.5 +/- 3.8kg/s and 71.3 +/- 19.3g/s were in good agreement with in situ rates of 11.6 +/- 0.1kg/s and 67.8 +/- 0.5g/s. NO was estimated at 16.1 +/- 4.2g/s, which did not compare well to the total NOx (NO + NO2) reported value of 11.2 +/- 0.2g/s. Unmonitored H2O, HCl, and CO were also estimated at 7.76 +/- 2.25kg/s, 7.40 +/- 2.00g/s, and 15.0 +/- 4.1 g/s respectively. C1 [Harley, Jacob L.; Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-592-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8018 AR 801813 DI 10.1117/12.883193 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXX76 UT WOS:000297515800035 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Tondiglia, VP Hurtubise, JM White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Hurtubise, Jennifer M. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Photoinduced hyper-reflective cholesteric liquid crystals enabled via surface initiated photopolymerization SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A structured polymer was synthesized by surface initiated photopolymerization in the presence of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The templated helical polymer (traversing 2/3 the cell thickness) was backfilled with an opposite handedness, photoresponsive CLC mixture yielding a photo-induced, large contrast, hyper-reflective (R > 99%) CLC film. C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Hurtubise, Jennifer M.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wp AFB, OH USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wp AFB, OH USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU AFOSR; AFRL; National Research Council FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Q. Li from Kent State University for providing the photosensitive chiral dopant and Dr L. Natarajan (SAIC) for useful discussions. This work was supported by AFOSR and AFRL. MEM gratefully acknowledges the National Research Council for fellowship support. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 505 EP 507 DI 10.1039/c0cc02215b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 691GM UT WOS:000285068300122 PM 20976312 ER PT J AU Strack, G Luckarift, HR Nichols, R Cozart, K Katz, E Johnson, GR AF Strack, Guinevere Luckarift, Heather R. Nichols, Robert Cozart, Kristofor Katz, Evgeny Johnson, Glenn R. TI Bioelectrocatalytic generation of directly readable code: harnessing cathodic current for long-term information relay SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BARCODED METAL NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR LOGIC; BIOFUEL CELLS; SYSTEMS AB Here we present an exceptionally stable bioelectrocatalytic architecture for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction using a carbon nanotube electrode as the electron donor and a fungal enzyme as electrocatalyst. Controlling oxygen content in the electrolyte enables generation of a directly readable barcode from monitoring the enzyme response. C1 [Strack, Guinevere; Luckarift, Heather R.; Nichols, Robert; Cozart, Kristofor; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Sci Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Nichols, Robert; Cozart, Kristofor] Appl Res Associates, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. [Strack, Guinevere; Katz, Evgeny] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Sci Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Glenn.Johnson@tyndall.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (US Department of Energy) FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Walt Kozumbo, Program Manager). G.S. was supported by a visiting scientist fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (US Department of Energy). NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 27 BP 7662 EP 7664 DI 10.1039/c1cc11475a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 783WB UT WOS:000292113700024 PM 21660357 ER PT J AU Navarathne, D Ner, Y Grote, JG Sotzing, GA AF Navarathne, Daminda Ner, Yogesh Grote, James G. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Three dye energy transfer cascade within DNA thin films SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB An efficient cascade FRET was realized in solid state DNA-CTMA thin films using a three chromophore system without any covalent attachments. The extent of energy transfer from Cm102 to SRh was studied and found to improve eight-fold using the bridging dye Pm567. C1 [Navarathne, Daminda; Ner, Yogesh; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Navarathne, Daminda; Ner, Yogesh; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 44 BP 12125 EP 12127 DI 10.1039/c1cc14416b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 839CR UT WOS:000296342800026 PM 21998819 ER PT J AU Lucas, PM Morgan, OW Gibbons, TF Guerrero, AC Maupin, GM Butler, JL Canas, LC Fonseca, VP Olsen, SJ MacIntosh, VH AF Lucas, Pauline M. Morgan, Oliver W. Gibbons, Thomas F. Guerrero, Alicia C. Maupin, Genny M. Butler, Jenny L. Canas, Linda C. Fonseca, Vincent P. Olsen, Sonja J. MacIntosh, Victor H. TI Diagnosis of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (pH1N1) and Seasonal Influenza Using Rapid Influenza Antigen Tests, San Antonio, Texas, April-June 2009 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; H1N1 VIRUS; B VIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; SENSITIVITY; CULTURE AB Clinicians frequently use influenza rapid antigen tests for diagnostic testing. We tested nasal wash samples from 1 April to 7 June 2009 from 1538 patients using the QuickVue Influenza A+B (Quidel) rapid influenza antigen test and compared the results with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay (gold standard). The prevalence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) was 1.98%, seasonal influenza type A .87%, and seasonal influenza type B 2.07%. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test for pH1N1 was 20% (95% CI, 8-39) and 99% (95% CI, 98-99), for seasonal influenza type A 15% (95% CI, 2-45) and 99% (95% CI, 98-99), and for influenza type B was 31% (95% CI, 9-61) and 99% (95% CI, 98-99.7). Rapid influenza antigen tests were of limited use at a time when the prevalence of pH1N1 and seasonal influenza in the United States was low. Clinicians should instead rely on clinical impression and laboratory diagnosis by rRT-PCR. C1 [MacIntosh, Victor H.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Dept Def Global Lab Based Influenza Surveillance, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Morgan, Oliver W.; Olsen, Sonja J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Preparedness & Emerging Infect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fonseca, Vincent P.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Guerrero, Alicia C.; Butler, Jenny L.] Conceptual Mind Works, San Antonio, TX USA. [Maupin, Genny M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP MacIntosh, VH (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Dept Def Global Lab Based Influenza Surveillance, 2513 Kennedy Cir,Bldg 180, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM omorgan@cdc.gov; victor.macintosh@us.af.mil FU Unites States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX Unites States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center.; Published as part of a supplement entitled "The 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic: Field and Epidemiologic Investigations," sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 52 SU 1 BP S116 EP S122 DI 10.1093/cid/ciq027 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 706JK UT WOS:000286214500017 PM 21342882 ER PT J AU Timko, MT Herndon, SC Blanco, ED Wood, EC Yu, ZH Miake-Lye, RC Knighton, WB Shafer, L DeWitt, MJ Corporan, E AF Timko, Michael T. Herndon, Scott C. Blanco, Elena de la Rosa Wood, Ezra C. Yu, Zhenhong Miake-Lye, Richard C. Knighton, W. Berk Shafer, Linda DeWitt, Matthew J. Corporan, Edwin TI COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM JET FUEL, A FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHETIC FUEL, AND A BIOMASS FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER FUEL FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative fuels; Emissions; Gas turbine engine ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT ENGINE; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; DIESEL-ENGINES; INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; ALTERNATIVE FUEL; BIODIESEL AB We report combustion emissions data for several alternatives to petroleum based Jet A jet fuel, including a natural gas-derived Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthetic fuel; a 50/50 blend of the FT synthetic fuel with Jet A-1; a 20/80 blend of a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with jet fuel; and a 40/60 blend of FAME with jet fuel. The chief distinguishing features of the alternative fuels are reduced (for blends) or negligible (for pure fuels) aromatic content and increased oxygen content (for FAME blends). A CFM International CFM56-7 gas turbine engine was the test engine, and we measured NOX, CO, speciated volatile organic compounds (including oxygenates, olefins, and aromatic compounds), and nonvolatile particle size distribution, number, and mass emissions. We developed several new methods that account for fuel energy content and used the new methods to evaluate potential fuel effects on emissions performance. Our results are categorized as follows: (1) regulated pollutant emissions, CO, and NOX; (2) volatile organic compound emissions speciation; and (3) particle emissions. Replacing all or part of the petroleum jet fuel with either FAME or FT fuel reduces NOX emissions and may reduce CO emissions. Combustion of FT fuel and fuel blends increases selectivities and in some cases yields of oxygenates and some hydrocarbon volatile organic compound emissions relative to petroleum jet fuel. Combustion of FAME fuel increases propene and butene emissions, but despite its oxygen content does not strongly affect oxygenate emissions. Replacing petroleum jet fuel with zero aromatic alternatives decreases the emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons. The fuel effects become more pronounced as the size of the aromatic molecule increases (e. g., toluene is reduced more strongly than benzene). Particle emissions are decreased in particle size, number density, and total mass when petroleum jet fuel is replaced with the zero aromatic fuels. The effects of fuel composition on particle emissions are most pronounced at lower power conditions, i.e., when combustion temperature and pressure are lower, and less efficient mixing may lead to locally higher fuel/air ratios than are present at higher power. C1 [Timko, Michael T.; Herndon, Scott C.; Blanco, Elena de la Rosa; Wood, Ezra C.; Yu, Zhenhong; Miake-Lye, Richard C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Knighton, W. Berk] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Shafer, Linda; DeWitt, Matthew J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Corporan, Edwin] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Timko, MT (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM timko@aerodyne.com FU CFM International FX The Federal Aviation Administration supported the emissions characterization through the PARTNER Center of Excellence, Carl Ma Program Manager, via the Missouri University of Science and Technology's Center of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research. CFM International funded the engine testing, and GE Aviation engineers operated the engine during the emissions study. The U. S. Air Force provided the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel and fuel blend. Boeing generously provided the FAME fuel and fuel blends. We thank GE Aviation, CFM International, Boeing, AFRL, and Missouri University of Science & Technology personnel for their support during the engine tests and post-test data evaluation. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 183 IS 10 BP 1039 EP 1068 DI 10.1080/00102202.2011.581717 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 820HT UT WOS:000294897000005 ER PT J AU O'Hara, P Duarte, CA Eason, T AF O'Hara, P. Duarte, C. A. Eason, T. TI Transient analysis of sharp thermal gradients using coarse finite element meshes SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Generalized finite elements; Global local finite elements; hp methods; Multiscale problems; Rough solutions; Transient analysis ID LEVEL SETS; SIMULATION; PARTITION; FLOW; FEM AB This paper investigates the application of the generalized finite element method with global-local enrichments (GFEM(gl)) to problems of transient heat transfer involving localized features. The GFEM(gl) is utilized in order to numerically construct general, specially-tailored shape functions yielding high levels of accuracy on coarse FEM meshes. The use of time-dependent shape functions requires that the system of equations be discretized temporally first, and then spatially in order to properly account for the time-dependency. The standard alpha-method is used for the time integration scheme. The transient three-dimensional GFEM(gl) is then applied to a laser heating example in order to demonstrate its ability to resolve localized, transient features on a fixed, coarse mesh. Convergence analysis of the proposed method as well as applications to heterogeneous materials, and moving heat sources are also provided. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Hara, P.; Duarte, C. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Eason, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Duarte, CA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pohara@illinois.edu; caduarte@illinois.edu; Thomas.Eason@wpafb.af.mil RI Duarte, Carlos Armando/B-1753-2008 OI Duarte, Carlos Armando/0000-0002-0048-0679 FU US Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-06-2-3620] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Midwest Structural Sciences Center (MSSC) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Center is supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate under Contract No. FA8650-06-2-3620. The authors also wish to thank Prof. Uday Banerjee from Syracuse University for fruitful discussions during the course of this research. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2011 VL 200 IS 5-8 BP 812 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2010.10.005 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 715SA UT WOS:000286905000025 ER PT J AU Hebert, JE Deckro, RF AF Hebert, John E. Deckro, Richard F. TI Combining contemporary and traditional project management tools to resolve a project scheduling problem SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Project Managment and Scheduling CY AUG 28-30, 2008 CL Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY SP Duzce Univ HO Bogazici Univ DE Project management; Precedence diagrams; Time/cost tradeoff; Linear programming ID NETWORK AB In this paper we examine a construction project involving the building of large concrete slabs for three buildings in an office park complex. There are finish-to-start (FS) as well as start-to-start (SS) and finish-to-finish (FF) precedence relationships among the project activities. We prepare an initial project schedule using Microsoft Project and manually validate the results using the precedence diagramming method (PDM) procedure. When the client informs us that the schedule must be shortened we find that Microsoft Project does not have the capability for resolving our particular time/cost tradeoff issues. So we revert to the traditional approach for resolving time/cost tradeoffs in projects and develop an original linear programming formulation for the time/cost tradeoff problem when a project is modeled as a precedence diagram. By combining contemporary (Microsoft Project) and traditional (a linear programming time/cost tradeoff model) project management tools we are able to successfully resolve the scheduling issues associated with the slab construction project. Further, we demonstrate the anomalous effects of start-to-start (SS) and finish-to-finish (FF) relationships via our construction project example in which the solution to the time/cost tradeoff problem requires that certain activities be lengthened in order to shorten the project duration. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hebert, John E.] Univ Akron, Coll Business Adm, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Deckro, Richard F.] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hebert, JE (reprint author), Univ Akron, Coll Business Adm, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM jhebert@uakron.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2009.12.004 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 658XU UT WOS:000282529100004 ER PT J AU Reese, D Henning, JS Rockers, K Ladd, D Gilson, R AF Reese, Drew Henning, J. Scott Rockers, Kyle Ladd, Denise Gilson, Robert TI Cyclosporine for SJS/TEN: A Case Series and Review of the Literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS; STEVENS-JOHNSON-SYNDROME; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; RECEPTORS; CELLS AB Clear guidelines for the treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are lacking due to its infrequency and the absence of large controlled studies. Systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have received considerable attention, though reports of the use of these agents have demonstrated mixed success rates in improving morbidity and mortality from SJS/TEN. We present a case series of 4 patients with SJS/TEN who rapidly responded to treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA). We discuss the proposed mechanism of action and the rationale for the use of cyclosporin based on the currently understood pathophysiologic mechanism of TEN. Cutis. 2011;87:24-29. C1 [Reese, Drew; Henning, J. Scott; Rockers, Kyle; Ladd, Denise; Gilson, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Reese, D (reprint author), Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Dept Dermatol, 4301 Wilson St, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. EM drew.reese@amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2011 VL 87 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 713EH UT WOS:000286717300006 PM 21323097 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ Shakir, SA Starcher, Y Jacobo, A Colet, P Aceves, AB Braiman, Y Deiterding, R Miller, C Rhodes, C AF Bochove, Erik J. Shakir, Sami A. Starcher, Yuji Jacobo, Adrian Colet, Pere Aceves, Alejandro B. Braiman, Yehuda Deiterding, Ralf Miller, Casey Rhodes, Charley BE Hein, J Silva, LO Korn, G Gizzi, LA Edwards, C TI Simple Model to Explain Instability in Passively-Phased High-Power Fiber Laser Arrays SO DIODE-PUMPED HIGH ENERGY AND HIGH POWER LASERS ELI: ULTRARELATIVISTIC LASER-MATTER INTERACTIONS AND PETAWATT PHOTONICS AND HIPER: THE EUROPEAN PATHWAY TO LASER ENERGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diode-Pumped High Energy and High Power Lasers/ELI: Ultrarelativistic Laser-Matter Interactions and Petawatt Photonics/HiPER: the European Pathway to Laser Energy CY APR 18-20, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID SUPERMODE SELECTION; LOCKING; BEAM; CAVITY AB We propose a simple physical mechanism to explain observed instabilities in the dynamics of passively phased fiber amplifier arrays that arises from two properties: First that a weak phase disturbance of the output field of the array is converted into a strong intensity disturbance through the mode-selective feedback mechanism. Second, that this intensity fluctuation regenerates a phase fluctuation due to the nonlinear properties of the amplifying media. At sufficiently high operating power levels this cyclic disturbance continues to grow upon each cavity round trip, creating instability. This simple picture is supported by the results of a linear stability analysis of the set of propagation and population rate equations, which are in good agreement with observed critical power levels. A third level of quantitative confirmation was obtained by comparison to the results of numerical integration of the original set of nonlinear equations. This predicted instability is entirely a property of passively phased arrays of more than one element. C1 [Bochove, Erik J.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM erik.bochove@kirtland.af.mil RI Jacobo, Adrian/F-7081-2010; Deiterding, Ralf/A-3394-2009; Colet, Pere/A-2472-2011 OI Jacobo, Adrian/0000-0001-9381-6292; Deiterding, Ralf/0000-0003-4776-8183; Colet, Pere/0000-0002-5992-6292 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-670-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8080 AR 808009 DI 10.1117/12.886659 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BVT65 UT WOS:000292735900005 ER PT B AU Wainer, GA Al-Zoubi, K Dalle, O Hill, DRC Mittal, S Martin, JLR Sarjoughian, H Touraille, L Traore, MK Zeigler, BP AF Wainer, Gabriel A. Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon Dalle, Olivier Hill, David R. C. Mittal, Saurabh Risco Martin, Jose L. Sarjoughian, Hessam Touraille, Luc Traore, Mamadou K. Zeigler, Bernard P. BE Wainer, GA Mosterman, PJ TI DEVS Standardization: Foundations and Trends SO DISCRETE-EVENT MODELING AND SIMULATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Computational Analysis Synthesis and Design of Dynamic Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wainer, Gabriel A.; Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon] Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Dalle, Olivier] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Dept Informat UFR Sci, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Lab I3S,UMR CNRS 6070, Nice, France. [Hill, David R. C.; Touraille, Luc; Traore, Mamadou K.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, ISIMA LIMOS UMR CNRS 6158, Comp Sci & Modeling Lab, Aubiere, France. [Mittal, Saurabh] Dunip Technol, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mittal, Saurabh] US Air Force Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ USA. [Risco Martin, Jose L.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Comp Architecture & Automat, Madrid, Spain. [Sarjoughian, Hessam] Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zeigler, Bernard P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wainer, GA (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7234-1; 978-1-4200-7233-4 J9 COMPUT ANAL SYNTH DE PY 2011 BP 389 EP 391 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC5IX UT WOS:000353305600016 ER PT B AU Wainer, GA Al-Zoubi, K Hill, DRC Mittal, S Martin, JLR Sarjoughian, H Touraille, L Traore, MK Zeigler, BP AF Wainer, Gabriel A. Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon Hill, David R. C. Mittal, Saurabh Risco Martin, Jose L. Sarjoughian, Hessam Touraille, Luc Traore, Mamadou K. Zeigler, Bernard P. BE Wainer, GA Mosterman, PJ TI An Introduction to DEVS Standardization SO DISCRETE-EVENT MODELING AND SIMULATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Computational Analysis Synthesis and Design of Dynamic Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIMULATION C1 [Wainer, Gabriel A.; Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon] Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Hill, David R. C.; Touraille, Luc; Traore, Mamadou K.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, ISIMA LIMOS UMR CNRS 6158, Comp Sci & Modeling Lab, Aubiere, France. [Mittal, Saurabh] Dunip Technol, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mittal, Saurabh] US Air Force Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ USA. [Risco Martin, Jose L.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Comp Architecture & Automat, Madrid, Spain. [Sarjoughian, Hessam] Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zeigler, Bernard P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wainer, GA (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7234-1; 978-1-4200-7233-4 J9 COMPUT ANAL SYNTH DE PY 2011 BP 393 EP 425 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC5IX UT WOS:000353305600017 ER PT B AU Wainer, GA Al-Zoubi, K Hill, DRC Mittal, S Martin, JLR Sarjoughian, H Touraille, L Traore, MK Zeigler, BP AF Wainer, Gabriel A. Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon Hill, David R. C. Mittal, Saurabh Risco Martin, Jose L. Sarjoughian, Hessam Touraille, Luc Traore, Mamadou K. Zeigler, Bernard P. BE Wainer, GA Mosterman, PJ TI Standardizing DEVS Model Representation SO DISCRETE-EVENT MODELING AND SIMULATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Computational Analysis Synthesis and Design of Dynamic Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIMULATION C1 [Wainer, Gabriel A.; Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon] Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Hill, David R. C.; Touraille, Luc; Traore, Mamadou K.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, ISIMA LIMOS UMR CNRS 6158, Comp Sci & Modeling Lab, Aubiere, France. [Mittal, Saurabh] Dunip Technol, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mittal, Saurabh] US Air Force Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ USA. [Risco Martin, Jose L.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Comp Architecture & Automat, Madrid, Spain. [Sarjoughian, Hessam] Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zeigler, Bernard P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wainer, GA (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7234-1; 978-1-4200-7233-4 J9 COMPUT ANAL SYNTH DE PY 2011 BP 427 EP 458 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC5IX UT WOS:000353305600018 ER PT B AU Wainer, GA Al-Zoubi, K Dalle, O Mittal, S Martin, JLR Sarjoughian, H Zeigler, BP AF Wainer, Gabriel A. Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon Dalle, Olivier Mittal, Saurabh Risco Martin, Jose L. Sarjoughian, Hessam Zeigler, Bernard P. BE Wainer, GA Mosterman, PJ TI Standardizing DEVS Simulation Middleware SO DISCRETE-EVENT MODELING AND SIMULATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Computational Analysis Synthesis and Design of Dynamic Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wainer, Gabriel A.; Al-Zoubi, Khaldoon] Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Dalle, Olivier] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Dept Informat UFR Sci, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Lab I3S,UMR CNRS 6070, Nice, France. [Mittal, Saurabh] Dunip Technol, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mittal, Saurabh] US Air Force Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ USA. [Risco Martin, Jose L.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Comp Architecture & Automat, Madrid, Spain. [Sarjoughian, Hessam] Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zeigler, Bernard P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wainer, GA (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Visualizat & Simulat V Sim, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7234-1; 978-1-4200-7233-4 J9 COMPUT ANAL SYNTH DE PY 2011 BP 459 EP 493 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC5IX UT WOS:000353305600019 ER PT S AU Pinkus, AR Dommett, DW Task, HL AF Pinkus, Alan R. Dommett, David W. Task, H. Lee BE Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD Guell, JJ Bernier, KL TI A comparison of synthetic and human observer approaches to multispectral sensor resolution assessment SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE resolution; sensor resolution; image fusion; image quality; visual resolution AB Resolution is one of the key parameters addressing the quality capability of a sensor. One approach to determining the resolution of a sensor/display system is to use a resolution target pattern to find the smallest "resolved" element using the system, which typically requires a human in the loop to make the assessment. This paper compares the results of a software approach to generate an effective resolution value for a sensor with human vision results using the same images. Landolt Cs were selected as the resolution target, which were imaged at multiple distances from multiple sensors. The images were analyzed using the software to determine the orientation of the C at each distance, resulting in a probability of correct orientation detection curve as a function of distance. Probability of correct orientation detection as a function of distance was also obtained directly from subjects that viewed the imagery. These curves were then used to generate "resolution" values for the sensor using the software results and the subject results. Resolution results for both the software and the participants were obtained for four different spectral band sensors as well as for fused images from two pairs of sensors. C1 [Pinkus, Alan R.; Dommett, David W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pinkus, AR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-616-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8042 AR 80420V DI 10.1117/12.882721 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVQ76 UT WOS:000292308100025 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Kichambare, P Rodrigues, S Kumar, J Keil, RG AF Kumar, Binod Kichambare, Padmakar Rodrigues, Stanley Kumar, Jitendra Keil, Robert G. TI Lisicon Glass-Ceramics Mediated Catalysis of Oxygen Reduction SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE AB The role of lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) glass-ceramic (a lisicon structure) on catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated by conducting thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The analysis of the CV data reveals that the LAGP glass-ceramic possesses some inherent catalytic activity toward reduction of oxygen. However, the data also suggest an irreversible nature of the reaction. The TGA and BET data complement the CV results. The Lisicon family of materials appears to be an attractive catalyst for ORR. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3567028] All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Binod; Kumar, Jitendra] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Electrochem Power Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kichambare, Padmakar; Rodrigues, Stanley] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Keil, Robert G.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Electrochem Power Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM binod.kumar@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA 8650-08-C-O-2917, FA 8650-04-D-2404-004] FX Authors (B. K. and J.K.) and (P. K.) gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract no. FA 8650-08-C-O-2917 and FA 8650-04-D-2404-004, respectively. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP A97 EP A99 DI 10.1149/1.3567028 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 745KX UT WOS:000289165400005 ER PT J AU Douglas, EA Pearton, SJ Poling, B Via, GD Liu, L Ren, F AF Douglas, E. A. Pearton, S. J. Poling, B. Via, G. D. Liu, L. Ren, F. TI Effect of Drain Bias on Degradation of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors under X-Band Operation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN; HEMTS; SILICON; DEVICES AB Sub-micron gate length AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were electrically stressed at 10 GHz at various drain bias conditions under 3 dB compression. The output power and drain current degradation was minimal up to drain bias of 20 V. Rapid degradation was observed at a threshold drain bias of 25 V. While most RF and DC device characteristics exhibited negligible change up to 20 V drain bias conditions, the Ni/Au Schottky contact showed considerable degradation at all drain bias conditions with an increase in gate leakage current, threshold voltage and Schottky barrier height. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.019111esl] All rights reserved. C1 [Douglas, E. A.; Pearton, S. J.] Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Poling, B.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Via, G. D.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, L.; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Douglas, EA (reprint author), Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM rede0001@ufl.edu RI LIU, LU/H-2307-2013; Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014 OI LIU, LU/0000-0001-7256-3775; Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223 FU AFOSR MURI FX This work is supported by an AFOSR MURI monitored by Gregg Jessen. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 11 BP H464 EP H466 DI 10.1149/2.019111esl PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 825NH UT WOS:000295284800019 ER PT S AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Blodgett, MP AF Knopp, Jeremy S. Aldrin, John C. Blodgett, Mark P. BE Chady, T Gratkowski, S Takagi, T Udpa, SS TI Efficient Propagation of Uncertainty in Simulations Via the Probabilistic Collocation Method SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XIV) SE Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (ENDE) CY JUN 13-16, 2010 CL Szczecin, POLAND SP Japan Society of Maintenology, Oddzial Szczecinski Stowarzyszenia Elektrykow Polskich, Federacja Stowarzyszen Naukowo Technicznych NOT Szczecinie, ZAPOL Grupa Reklamowa, Technika Obliczeniowa, W Pomeranian Univ Technol DE eddy current; Polynomial Chaos; Probabilistic Collocation Method ID CHAOS AB Eddy current models have matured to such a degree that it is now possible to simulate realistic nondestructive inspection (NDI) scenarios. Models have been used in the design and analysis of NDI systems and to a limited extent, model-based inverse methods for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE). The science base is also being established to quantify the reliability of systems via Model-Assisted Probability of Detection (MAPOD). In realistic situations, it is more accurate to treat the input model variables as random variables rather than deterministic quantities. Typically a Monte-Carlo simulation is conducted to predict the output of a model when the inputs are random variables. This is a reasonable approach as long as computational time is not too long; however, in most applications, introducing a flaw into the model results in extensive computational time ranging from hours to days, prohibiting Monte-Carlo simulations. Even methods such as Latin-Hypercube sampling do not reduce the number of simulations enough for reasonable use. This paper presents the Probabilistic Collocation Method as a non-intrusive alternative to other uncertainty propagation techniques. C1 [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computational Tools, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeremy.Knopp@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Office of Scientific Researc FX Funding was provided in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Many thanks to Matt Cherry for reviewing the manuscript. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-60750-750-5; 978-1-60750-749-9 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2011 VL 35 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-750-5-141 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BC2EN UT WOS:000350803300018 ER PT S AU Perlovsky, L Deming, R Ilin, R AF Perlovsky, Leonid Deming, Ross Ilin, Roman TI Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications - Dynamic Logics: From Vague to Crisp SO EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE NEURAL ALGORITHMS WITH ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS - DYNAMIC LOGICS: FROM VAGUE TO CRISP SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book ID CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; COMPUTATIONAL MODELS; GROUNDING TRANSFER; IMPROVED TRACKING; MUSIC PERCEPTION; CORE AFFECT; LANGUAGE; EVOLUTION; RECOGNITION; BRAIN C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid; Deming, Ross; Ilin, Roman] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil; Ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil; Roman.ilin@hanscom.af.mil NR 349 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-22829-2 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2011 VL 371 BP 1 EP 198 PG 198 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BWU88 UT WOS:000295017300001 ER PT S AU Dalzell, DR Roth, CC Bernhard, JA Payne, JA Wilmink, GJ Ibey, BL AF Dalzell, Danielle R. Roth, Caleb C. Bernhard, Joshua A. Payne, Jason A. Wilmink, Gerald J. Ibey, Bennett L. BE Ryan, TP TI Lysosomal Exocytosis in Response to Subtle Membrane Damage Following Nanosecond Pulse Exposure SO ENERGY-BASED TREATMENT OF TISSUE AND ASSESSMENT VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy-Based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment VI CY JAN 23-24, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nsEP; lysosomal exocytosis; LAMP-1; FM1-43; nanopores ID ELECTRIC-FIELD NSPEF; CELLS; ULTRASHORT; REPAIR; PERMEABILIZATION; SUBMICROSECOND; TRANSLOCATION; APOPTOSIS; VESICLES; TISSUES AB The cellular response to subtle membrane damage following exposure to nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is not well understood. Recent work has shown that when cells are exposed to nsEP, ion permeable nanopores (< 2nm) are created in the plasma membrane in contrast to larger diameter pores (> 2nm) created by longer micro and millisecond duration pulses. Macroscopic damage to a plasma membrane by a micropipette has been shown to cause internal vesicles (lysosomes) to undergo exocytosis to repair membrane damage, a calcium mediated process called lysosomal exocytosis. Formation of large pores in the plasma membrane by electrical pulses has been shown to elicit lysosomal exocytosis in a variety of cell types. Our research objective is to determine whether lysosomal exocytosis will occur in response to nanopores formed by exposure to nsEP. In this paper we used propidium iodide (PI) and Calcium Green-1 AM ester (CaGr) to differentiate between large and small pores formed in CHO-K1 cells following exposure to either 1 or 20, 600-ns duration electrical pulses at 16.2 kV/cm. This information was compared to changes in membrane organization observed by increases in FM1-43 fluorescence, both in the presence and absence of calcium ions in the outside buffer. In addition, we monitored the real time migration of lysosomes within the cell using Cellular Lights assay to tag LAMP-1, a lysosomal membrane protein. Both 1 and 20 pulses elicited a large influx of extracellular calcium, while little PI uptake was observed following a single pulse exposure. Statistically significant increases in FM1-43 fluorescence were seen in samples containing calcium suggesting that calcium-triggered membrane repair may be occurring. Lastly, density of lysosomes within cells, specifically around the nucleus, appeared to change rapidly upon nsEP stimulation suggesting lysosomal migration. C1 [Dalzell, Danielle R.; Bernhard, Joshua A.; Payne, Jason A.; Wilmink, Gerald J.; Ibey, Bennett L.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Dalzell, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8438-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7901 AR 79010J DI 10.1117/12.874358 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXZ28 UT WOS:000297679200018 ER PT S AU Ibey, BL Roth, CC Bernhard, JA Pakhomov, AG Wilmink, GJ Pakhomova, O AF Ibey, Bennett L. Roth, Caleb C. Bernhard, Joshua A. Pakhomov, Andrei G. Wilmink, Gerald J. Pakhomova, Olga BE Ryan, TP TI Determination of Cellular Injury and Death Thresholds Following Exposure to High Voltage 10ns Electrical Pulses SO ENERGY-BASED TREATMENT OF TISSUE AND ASSESSMENT VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy-Based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment VI CY JAN 23-24, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nanopores; nanosecond electrical pulses; apoptosis; membrane damage; Annexin V; propidium iodide ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; FIELDS INDUCE APOPTOSIS; COLON-CARCINOMA CELLS; IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION; HIGH-INTENSITY; NANOSECOND; ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY; TUMORS; NSPEF; ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION AB Intense, nanosecond-duration electric pulses (nsEP) have been introduced as a novel modality to alter cellular function, with a mechanism of action qualitatively different from micro-and millisecond duration pulses used in electroporation. In this study, we determined the thresholds for plasma membrane injury (within 15 minutes) and cell death (at 24 hours) for 4 different cell types (CHO-K1, HeLa, Jurkat and U937). Plasma membrane injury was measured by flow cytometry using two fluorescent dyes, namely Annexin V-FITC, which binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) upon its externalization (subtle membrane injury), and propidium iodide (PI), which is typically impermeable to the cell, but enters when large pores are formed in the plasma membrane. In all cell types, 10-ns pulses caused phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization at low doses (<150kV/cm and 100 pulses for each cell type) and no PI uptake. Jurkat and U937 cell lines showed substantial cell death without uptake of PI (15 minutes post exposure) suggesting either delayed permeabilization due to swelling, or damage to intracellular components. In CHO-K1 and HeLa cell lines, PI uptake occurred at low doses relative to that necessary to cause cell death suggesting a necrotic death similar to longer pulse exposures. These findings suggest that nanosecond pulses may be beneficial in applications that require selective elimination of specific cell types. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Bernhard, Joshua A.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8438-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7901 AR 79010G DI 10.1117/12.875826 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXZ28 UT WOS:000297679200016 ER PT S AU Johnson, GR Luckarift, HR AF Johnson, Glenn R. Luckarift, Heather R. BE Minteer, SD TI Enzyme Stabilization via Bio-templated Silicification Reactions SO ENZYME STABILIZATION AND IMMOBILIZATION: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Lysozyme; Biomineralization; Silica; Sol-gel; Biosensor; Biocatalysis; Enzyme immobilization; Butyrylcholinesterase; Silicification ID SILICA-PRECIPITATING PEPTIDES; SYNTHESIZED SILICA; ENTRAPMENT; IMMOBILIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; ENCAPSULATION; BIOSILICA AB Effective entrapment of enzymes in solid-phase materials is critical to their practical application. The entrapment generally stabilizes biological activity compared to soluble molecules and the material simplifies catalyst integration significantly. A silica sol-gel process based upon biological mechanisms of inorganic material formation (biomineralization) supports protein immobilization reactions within minutes. The material has high protein binding capacity and the catalytic activity of the enzyme is retained. We have demonstrated that both oligopeptides and selected proteins will mediate the biomineralization of silica and allow effective co-encapsulation of other proteins present in the reaction mixture. The detailed methods described here provide a simple and effective approach for molecular biologists, biochemists, and bioengineers to create stable, solid-phase biocatalysts that may be integrated within sensors, synthetic processes, reactive barriers, energy conversion materials, and other biotechnology concepts. C1 [Johnson, Glenn R.; Luckarift, Heather R.] AF Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-894-2 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 679 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-895-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-895-9 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BRG13 UT WOS:000282661900008 PM 20865390 ER PT J AU Ruan, YX Jayaweera, SK Erwin, RS AF Ruan, Yongxiang Jayaweera, Sudharman K. Erwin, Richard Scott TI Distributed tracking with consensus on noisy time-varying graphs with incomplete data SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SENSOR NETWORKS; COMMUNICATION; COORDINATION; TOPOLOGY; AGENTS; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we formulate a problem of distributed tracking with consensus on a time-varying graph with incomplete data and noisy communication links. We develop a framework to handle a time-varying network topology in which not every node has local observations to generate own local tracking estimates (incomplete data). A distributed tracking-with-consensus algorithm that is suitable for such a noisy, time-varying graph is proposed. We establish the graph conditions so that distributed consensus can be achieved in the presence of noisy communication links when the effective network graph is time-varying. The steady-state performance of the proposed distributed tracking with consensus algorithm is also analyzed and compared with that of the distributed local Kalman filtering with the centralized fusion and centralized Kalman filter. Simulation results and performance analysis of the proposed algorithm are given, showing that the proposed distributed tracking with consensus algorithm performs almost the same as the distributed local Kalman filtering with centralized fusion on noisy time-varying graphs with incomplete data, while the proposed algorithm has the additional advantages of robustness and scalability. C1 [Ruan, Yongxiang; Jayaweera, Sudharman K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CISL, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Erwin, Richard Scott] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruan, YX (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CISL, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM yruan@unm.edu FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); National Science foundation (NSF) [CCF-0830545] FX This research was supported in part by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and in part by the National Science foundation (NSF) under the grant CCF-0830545. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2011 BP 1 EP 21 AR 110 DI 10.1186/1687-6180-2011-110 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 893JD UT WOS:000300351300001 ER PT J AU Wisman, D Ganguly, B AF Wisman, David Ganguly, Biswa TI Point-to-plane corona discharge for high-speed reacting flow visualization SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLAME; AIR; STREAMER AB We present the results of a novel technique for the high-speed visualization of a flame reaction zone using a streamer-initiated point-to-plane unipolar pulsed corona discharge. Our results show images of the flame front under conditions of natural hydrodynamic flame instability, as well as external air flow modulation induced flame instability. This technique can potentially be used as a high-speed 2-D flow visualization diagnostic tool to monitor flow instabilities in reacting and non-reacting fluids that have a density gradient. We also show that this technique does not modify the flame characteristics in any measurable way, if the high electric field region of the streamer/corona discharge is located in the downstream region. C1 [Ganguly, Biswa] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Wisman, David] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Aerosp Power & Prop Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ganguly, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We wish to thank Mr. Brian Sands for many helpful discussions on streamer propagation. We also wish to thank Dr. S. Douglas Marcum for many insightful discussions while preparing this paper. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0890-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 705GX UT WOS:000286118000004 ER PT S AU Zeringue, C Dajani, I Vergien, C Robin, C AF Zeringue, Clint Dajani, Iyad Vergien, Christopher Robin, Craig BE Dawson, JW Honea, EC TI Pump limited 203 W monolithic single frequency fiber amplifier: a two-tone approach SO FIBER LASERS VIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VIII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Yb-doped fiber lasers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; nonlinear optics AB We present high power results of a co-pumped monolithic polarization maintaining (PM) Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded with a combination of broad and single-frequency laser signals. For the former, a tunable 1035-1045 nm source was used while the latter operated at 1065 nm. This two-tone concept was used in conjunction with externally applied or intrinsically formed thermal gradients to demonstrate at high power combined SBS suppression factors of up to 7 dB in a 7 meter long Nufern 25/400 fiber. Depending on the input parameters (seed powers and wavelength of broadband source) and the thermal gradient, the output power of the single- frequency signal ranged from 80 W to 203 W with slope efficiencies from 70-80%. The 203 W output with a nominal linewidth of 100 kHz was obtained through the application of an external thermal gradient and by seeding the broadband signal at 100 times the power of that of the single-frequency seed. To the best of our knowledge, the 203 W result is the highest reported in the literature for monolithic PM single frequency fiber amplifiers. Furthermore, measurements of the spectral content of the backward light as recorded on an optical spectrum analyzer and a photodiode indicated that we were operating below the SBS threshold. We estimate that, with sufficient pump power and optimized fiber length, approximately 300 W of single-frequency output can be obtained. C1 [Zeringue, Clint; Dajani, Iyad; Vergien, Christopher; Robin, Craig] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-451-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7914 BP XXXIII EP XXXV PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA86 UT WOS:000297791600005 ER PT S AU Henry, LJ Shay, TM Hult, D Rowland, K AF Henry, L. J. Shay, T. M. Hult, D. Rowland, K., Jr. BE Dawson, JW Honea, EC TI A novel method of increasing the efficiency of 1064 nm two tone amplifiers through heating of the gain fiber SO FIBER LASERS VIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VIII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Two tone; fiber lasers; SBS suppression; temperature dependence; efficiency ID SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; SILICA GLASS; POWER; LASERS AB The efficiency of two tone fiber amplifiers can be changed rather significantly by altering the temperature of the external environment surrounding the gain fiber. It is shown experimentally that changes in the temperature of the core of the gain fiber has dramatic effects on the 1064 nm / 1040 nm power distribution in the output of narrow linewidth 1064 nm two tone amplifiers with a greater percentage of the output being 1064 nm at higher core temperatures. By increasing the environmental temperature of the gain fiber from 20 to 80 degrees C, the efficiency of a 1064 nm two tone amplifier can be increased up to 40% with the greatest increases seen in amplifiers seeded hardest in 1040 nm, i.e., having the smallest 1064 nm / 1040 nm seed ratios. This has been attributed to temperature dependence of the absorption and emission cross-sections at the wavelengths of interest. Finally, the temperature of the gain fiber can be used as a design tool to enable a higher efficiency 1064 nm two tone amplifier. C1 [Henry, L. J.; Shay, T. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Henry, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM kandula7221@cs.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-451-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7914 AR 79140A DI 10.1117/12.876148 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA86 UT WOS:000297791600012 ER PT S AU Robin, C Dajani, I Chiragh, F AF Robin, Craig Dajani, Iyad Chiragh, Furqan BE Dawson, JW Honea, EC TI Experimental studies of segmented acoustically tailored photonic crystal fiber amplifier with 494 W single-frequency output SO FIBER LASERS VIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VIII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Photonic crystal fibers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; Yb-doped fiber lasers AB We present experimental studies of a novel polarization-maintaining (PM) Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) possessing a two-segment transverse acoustic profile and a mode field diameter (MFD) of approximately 30 mu m. The concentrations of the dopants (fluorine, aluminum, germanium) in the two segments were selected such that the corresponding Brillouin shifts were sufficiently separated to allow for the introduction of a large thermal gradient for further SBS suppression. A pump-probe experiment was conducted in order to characterize the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) and to confirm the existence of two narrow Brillouin gain peaks. The separation of the two peaks was approximately 220 MHz and the bandwidth of each was estimated to be 50 MHz. The application of a step temperature profile resulted in the BGS displaying four distinct peaks; thus demonstrating further SBS suppression through a thermal gradient. By utilizing the thermal gradient obtained through quantum defect heating, we obtained 494 W of output power in a counter-pumped configuration without the onset of SBS. Measurements of the beam quality at various power levels and up to the highest reported power consistently indicated an M-2 of less than 1.3 C1 [Robin, Craig; Dajani, Iyad; Chiragh, Furqan] USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robin, C (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-451-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7914 AR 79140B DI 10.1117/12.876303 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA86 UT WOS:000297791600013 ER PT S AU Zeringue, CM Dajani, I Moore, GT AF Zeringue, Clint M. Dajani, Iyad Moore, Gerald T. BE Dawson, JW Honea, EC TI Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers through phase-modulation: a time dependent model SO FIBER LASERS VIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VIII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE phase modulation; fiber lasers; nonlinear optics; stimulated Brillouin scattering ID INITIATION; NOISE AB We describe a time-dependent model that describes the evolution of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in fibers under phase-modulated pump conditions. In order to accurately model fast modulations, the triply-coupled system of differential equations describing the interaction of SBS through optical and phonon fields is solved numerically. SBS is initiated from noise by using a Langevin term. We initially consider single-frequency sinusoidal modulations as a function of modulation amplitude and frequency. We then investigate the effects of SBS mitigation when a single-frequency seed is phase modulated with a broad-band white-noise source (WNS). C1 [Zeringue, Clint M.; Dajani, Iyad; Moore, Gerald T.] USAF, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, CM (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-451-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7914 AR 791409 DI 10.1117/12.875482 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA86 UT WOS:000297791600011 ER PT B AU Winner, JL Nelson, SF Burditt, RL Pohl, AJ AF Winner, Jennifer L. Nelson, Stephen F. Burditt, Rebecca L. Pohl, Adam J. BE Si, M TI EVALUATING GAMES ENGINES FOR INCORPORATION IN MILITARY SIMULATION AND TRAINING SO GAMEON-NA 2011: 6TH INTERNATIONAL NORTH- AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT GAMES AND AND SIMULATION / 3RD INTERNATIONAL NORTH AMERICAN SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, NASTEC 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International North-American Conference on Intelligent Games and Simulation / 3rd International North American Simulation Technology Conference CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP ETI, EUROSIS, Ghent Univ, UBISOFT, GAME PIPE, Model Benders LLC, Univ Skovde, Larian Studios, GRAM, MOVES Inst, Binary Illus, BITE HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst DE Game engines; modeling and simulation; instructional theory; training effectiveness; distributed mission training ID VIDEO; EXPERIENCE; ATTENTION AB A game engine is a tool through which interactive, real-time simulations can be created. Our interest in game engines is motivated by the instructional needs of the United States Air Force (USAF). In this paper we discuss our evaluation criteria for incorporating game engines into pre-existing Air Force distributed mission-training systems. Data availability, 3D model correlation, and ground database integration are primary considerations. If a game engine does not accommodate these criteria as outlined above, it will most likely not be considered for incorporation into Air Force training systems as it would limit our ability to simulate a real world environment. The remaining criteria add significant value to the training environment and help to distinguish game engines from one another. C1 [Winner, Jennifer L.] Lumir Res Inst Inc, 195 Bluff Ave, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. [Nelson, Stephen F.] Ball Aerosp, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Burditt, Rebecca L.; Pohl, Adam J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Winner, JL (reprint author), Lumir Res Inst Inc, 195 Bluff Ave, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. EM jennifer.winner.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; sfnelson@ball.com; Rebecca.burditt@wpafb.af.mil; Adam.pohl@holloman.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 978-90-77381-65-6 PY 2011 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG9ML UT WOS:000393442700007 ER PT J AU Williams, CD Stengel, J Asike, MI Torres, DM Shaw, J Contreras, M Landt, CL Harrison, SA AF Williams, Christopher D. Stengel, Joel Asike, Michael I. Torres, Dawn M. Shaw, Janet Contreras, Maricela Landt, Cristy L. Harrison, Stephen A. TI Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Among a Largely Middle-Aged Population Utilizing Ultrasound and Liver Biopsy: A Prospective Study SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NAFLD; NASH: Prevalence; Ultrasound: Liver Biopsy; Fatty Liver Disease; Hepatic Steatosis ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; DIETARY HABITS; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; DONORS; TRANSPLANTATION; SURVIVAL; OBESITY; COHORT AB BACKGROUND & AIMS: Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to prospectively define the prevalence of both NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Outpatients 18 to 70 years old were recruited from Brooke Army Medical Center. All patients completed a baseline questionnaire and ultrasound. If fatty liver was identified, then laboratory data and a liver biopsy were obtained. RESULTS: Four hundred patients were enrolled. Three hundred and twenty-eight patients completed the questionnaire and ultrasound. Mean age (range, 28-70 years) was 54.6 years (7.35); 62.5% Caucasian, 22% Hispanic, and 11.3% African American; 50.9% female; mean body mass index (BMI) (calculated as kg/m(2)) was 29.8 (5.64); and diabetes and hypertension prevalence 16.5% and 49.7%, respectively. Prevalence of NAFLD was 46%. NASH was confirmed in 40 patients (12.2% of total cohort, 29.9% of ultrasound positive patients). Hispanics had the highest prevalence of NAFLD (58.3%), then Caucasians (44.4%) and African Americans (35.1%). NAFLD patients were more likely to be male (58.9%), older (P = .004), hypertensive (P < .00005), and diabetic (P < .00005). They had a higher BMI (P < .0005), ate fast food more often (P = .049), and exercised less (P = 0.02) than their non-NAFLD counterparts. Hispanics had a higher prevalence of NASH compared with Caucasians (19.4% vs 9.8%; P = .03). Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, BMI, insulin, Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index, and cytokeratin-18 correlated with NASH. Among the 54 diabetic patients, NAFLD was found in 74% and NASH in 22.2%. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of NAFLD and NASH is higher than estimated previously. Hispanics and patients with diabetes are at greatest risk for both NAFLD and NASH. C1 [Harrison, Stephen A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gastroenterol & Hepatol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Shaw, Janet] Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Contreras, Maricela] Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Landt, Cristy L.] Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Shaw, Janet] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gastroenterol & Hepatol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Stephen.harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 584 Z9 610 U1 7 U2 44 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.038 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 697HF UT WOS:000285503200028 PM 20858492 ER PT B AU Ritz, MW AF Ritz, Michael W. BE Hensel, HM Michaud, N TI Global Media Engagement: Lessons From Operation Just Cause SO GLOBAL MEDIA PERSPECTIVES ON THE CRISIS IN PANAMA LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ritz, Michael W.] USAF Publ Affairs Ctr Excellence, Montgomery, AL 36112 USA. [Ritz, Michael W.] USAF, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Ritz, MW (reprint author), USAF Publ Affairs Ctr Excellence, Montgomery, AL 36112 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-2950-0; 978-1-4094-2949-4 PY 2011 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC History SC History GA BA7MD UT WOS:000337634500012 ER PT S AU Geiselman, EE Havig, PR AF Geiselman, Eric E. Havig, Paul R. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Rise of the HMD: the need to review our human factors guidelines SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and Applications CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE HMD; Symbology; Color; Human Factors; Guidelines; Research Principles ID HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS; PSYCHOMETRIC FUNCTION; LUMINANCE CONTRAST; SYMBOLOGY; REQUIREMENTS AB Recent years have brought on a new breed of HMDs. They have high resolution, are daylight readable, and some even have color. While these are all welcomed advances to the field we must remember to review our history. Here we review some the of the research from years past that was done before these advances and discuss them so as to make sure the past is not forgotten and mistakes are not repeated. C1 [Geiselman, Eric E.; Havig, Paul R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Geiselman, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711HPW RHCV,2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.geiselman@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-615-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8041 AR 804102 DI 10.1117/12.883859 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVO18 UT WOS:000292033000001 ER PT S AU Havig, P McIntire, J Geiselman, E AF Havig, Paul McIntire, John Geiselman, Eric BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Virtual reality in a cave: limitations and the need for HMDs? SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and Applications CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE virtual reality; CAVE; helmet-mounted display; head-mounted display; virtual environments AB In virtual reality (VR) circles a "cave" is a 3 - 6 sided box with displays on each side. It has for many years sufficed as the "immersive" portion of VR mostly due to the insufficient head-mounted displays (HMDs) in the domain. However, current HMDs rival many caves and indeed are taking over. Here we discuss the pros and cons of this advent as well as human factors issues related to VR and the use of HMDs. C1 [Havig, Paul; McIntire, John; Geiselman, Eric] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCV,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-615-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8041 AR 804107 DI 10.1117/12.883855 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVO18 UT WOS:000292033000006 ER PT S AU McIntire, J Geiselman, E Heft, E Havig, P AF McIntire, John Geiselman, Eric Heft, Eric Havig, Paul BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI How much camera separation should be used for the capture and presentation of 3D stereoscopic imagery on binocular HMDs? SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and Applications CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE HWD; camera separation; stereoscopic photography; virtual environments; baseline; orthostereopsis ID PARAMETERS AB Designers, researchers, and users of binocular stereoscopic head-or helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) face the tricky issue of what imagery to present in their particular displays, and how to do so effectively. Stereoscopic imagery must often be created in-house with a 3D graphics program or from within a 3D virtual environment, or stereoscopic photos/videos must be carefully captured, perhaps for relaying to an operator in a teleoperative system. In such situations, the question arises as to what camera separation (real or virtual) is appropriate or desirable for end-users and operators. We review some of the relevant literature regarding the question of stereo pair camera separation using desk-mounted or larger scale stereoscopic displays, and employ our findings to potential HMD applications, including command & control, teleoperation, information and scientific visualization, and entertainment. C1 [McIntire, John; Geiselman, Eric; Heft, Eric; Havig, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McIntire, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing RHCVZ,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-615-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8041 AR 804104 DI 10.1117/12.883392 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVO18 UT WOS:000292033000003 ER PT J AU De Jong, MJ Schmelz, J Evers, K Bradshaw, P McKnight, K Bridges, E AF De Jong, Marla J. Schmelz, Joseph Evers, Karen Bradshaw, Patricia McKnight, Kathleen Bridges, Elizabeth TI Accuracy and precision of buccal pulse oximetry SO HEART & LUNG LA English DT Article DE Pulse oximetry ID OXYGEN-SATURATION; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; HYPOXEMIA; SENSOR; FLIGHT; SITE AB OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the accuracy and precision of buccal pulse oximetry (SbpO(2)) compared with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) in healthy adults at normoxemia and under 3 induced hypoxemic conditions. METHODS: In this prospective, correlational study, SbpO(2), SaO(2), and SpO(2) values were recorded at normoxemia and at three hypoxemic conditions (SpO(2) = 90%, 80%, and 70%) for 53 healthy, nonsmoking adults who were without cardiac or pulmonary disease, baseline hypoxemia, peripheral edema, dyshemoglobinemia, and fever. Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess agreement and precision between SbpO(2) and SaO(2) measures and between SbpO(2) and SpO(2) measures. Data were adjusted to account for a lag time between buccal and finger sites. RESULTS: When comparing SbpO(2) and SaO(2) values, mean differences of -1.8%, .3%, 2.4%, and 2.6% were evident at the normoxemia, 90%, 80%, and 70% levels, respectively. When comparing SbpO(2) and SpO(2) values, the mean differences were -1.4%, .1%, 3.3%, and 4.7% at the normoxemia, 90%, 80%, and 70% levels, respectively. The SbpO(2) and SaO(2) values met a priori precision criteria (1.6%; 95% confidence limit, -4.9% to 1.3%) at normoxemia. The SbpO(2) and SpO(2) values met precision criteria at normoxemia (1.5%; 95% confidence limit, -4.4% to 1.5%) and 90% (1.9%; 95% confidence limit, -3.6% to 3.8%) conditions, but exceeded precision criteria at the other tested conditions. On average, SpO(2) lagged 21 seconds behind SbpO(2). CONCLUSION: Buccal oximetry is an inaccurate and imprecise method of assessing SpO(2) when oxygen saturation is <90%. The divergence between StpO(2) and both SaO(2) or SpO(2) values increased as hypoxemia worsened. The buccal method overestimated oxygen saturation in proportion to the degree of hypoxemia. Such overestimates may lead nurses to conclude falsely that a patient's arterial oxygen saturation is acceptable when further assessment or intervention is warranted. C1 [De Jong, Marla J.; Schmelz, Joseph; Evers, Karen; Bradshaw, Patricia; McKnight, Kathleen; Bridges, Elizabeth] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, TriServ Nursing Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP De Jong, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, TriServ Nursing Res Program, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mdejong@aol.com FU TriService Nursing Research Program [N06-P08]; TriService Nursing Research Program of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences FX The authors express their appreciation to Colonel Steven Eby, Colonel Andrew Woodrow, Captain Benjamin Landry, Captain Ronald Wyatt, Captain David Pojman, Captain Brian Glenn, Captain Matthew McGregor, Master Sergeant Jermaine Williams, Master Sergeant Keith Ravenal, Staff Sergeant Christopher Hoopes, Airman First Class Joseph Cobb, and Airman First Class Alexander Hoang for their invaluable contributions and support to the research team. In addition, we thank Nellcor Puritan Bennett, LLC, doing business as Covidien, for loaning continuous data-acquisition equipment and software to the research team. This study was supported by TriService Nursing Research Program Grant N06-P08.; This research was sponsored by the TriService Nursing Research Program of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. However, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0147-9563 J9 HEART LUNG JI Heart Lung PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.12.002 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing; Respiratory System SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing; Respiratory System GA 726ZK UT WOS:000287766700006 PM 20598746 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Shaffer, Michael K. Knize, Randall J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Demonstration of a diode pumped continuous wave Potassium laser SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications V CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Alkali lasers; DPALs; Potassium laser ID VAPOR LASER; CS LASER; ARRAYS; POWER AB This paper presents a first demonstration of a diode pumped Potassium laser. Two narrowband laser diode arrays with a linewidth about 10 GHz operating at 766.7 nm were used to pump Potassium vapor buffered by Helium gas at 600 torr. A stable laser cavity with longitudinal pumping and orthogonal polarizations of the pump and laser beams was used in this experiment. A slope efficiency about 25% was obtained. C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Shaffer, Michael K.; Knize, Randall J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-452-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7915 AR 791506 DI 10.1117/12.871599 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA88 UT WOS:000297793100005 ER PT J AU Barrows, SP AF Barrows, Stephen P. TI America's Economic Moralists SO HISTORY OF ECONOMIC IDEAS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Barrows, Stephen P.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barrows, SP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FABRIZIO SERRA EDITORE PI PISA PA PO BOX NO,1, SUCC NO. 8, PISA, I-56123, ITALY SN 1122-8792 J9 HIST ECON IDEAS JI Hist. Econ. Ideas PY 2011 VL 19 IS 1 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Economics; History; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; History; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 770EI UT WOS:000291069400011 ER PT J AU Halverson, T Hornof, AJ AF Halverson, Tim Hornof, Anthony J. TI A Computational Model of "Active Vision" for Visual Search in Human-Computer Interaction SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID EYE-TRACKING DATA; INTEGRATING INFORMATION; WORKING-MEMORY; MOVEMENTS; ATTENTION; DISPLAYS; AUTOMATICITY; ARCHITECTURE; STRATEGIES; SELECTION AB Human visual search plays an important role in many human-computer interaction (HCI) tasks. Better models of visual search are needed not just to predict overall performance outcomes, such as whether people will be able to find the information needed to complete an HCI task, but to understand the many human processes that interact in visual search, which will in turn inform the detailed design of better user interfaces. This article describes a detailed instantiation, in the form of a computational cognitive model, of a comprehensive theory of human visual processing known as "active vision" (Findlay & Gilchrist, 2003). The computational model is built using the Executive Process-Interactive Control cognitive architecture. Eye-tracking data from three experiments inform the development and validation of the model. The modeling asks-and at least partially answers-the four questions of active vision: (a) What can be perceived in a fixation? (b) When do the eyes move? (c) Where do the eyes move? (d) What information is integrated between eye movements? Answers include: (a) Items nearer the point of gaze are more likely to be perceived, and the visual features of objects are sometimes misidentified. (b) The eyes move after the fixated visual stimulus has been processed (i.e., has entered working memory). (c) The eyes tend to go to nearby objects. (d) Only the coarse spatial information of what has been fixated is likely maintained between fixations. The model developed to answer these questions has both scientific and practical value in that the model gives HCI researchers and practitioners a better understanding of how people visually interact with computers, and provides a theoretical foundation for predictive analysis tools that can predict aspects of that interaction. C1 [Halverson, Tim] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hornof, Anthony J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Halverson, T (reprint author), 711 HPW RHCP,Bldg 840,Rm W200,2510 5th St,5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.halverson@wpafb.af.mil; hornof@cs.uoregon.edu RI Halverson, Tim/E-2632-2014 OI Halverson, Tim/0000-0002-4036-0620 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-10440, N00014-06-10054]; National Science Foundation [IIS-0308244] FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-02-10440 and N00014-06-10054, and by National Science Foundation grant IIS-0308244; all were awarded to the University of Oregon with Anthony J. Hornof as the principal investigator. The opinions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0024 EI 1532-7051 J9 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT JI Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 285 EP 314 DI 10.1080/07370024.2011.625237 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 878IS UT WOS:000299250300001 ER PT J AU Omitaomu, OA Jeong, MK Badiru, AB AF Omitaomu, Olufemi A. Jeong, Myong K. Badiru, Adedeji B. TI Online Support Vector Regression With Varying Parameters for Time-Dependent Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE Condition monitoring; inferential sensing; online prediction; support vector machine; system diagnosis ID SYSTEMS; TESTS; NOISE AB Support vector regression (SVR) is a machine learning technique that continues to receive interest in several domains, including manufacturing, engineering, and medicine. In order to extend its application to problems in which data sets arrive constantly and in which batch processing of the data sets is infeasible or expensive, an accurate online SVR (AOSVR) technique was proposed. The AOSVR technique efficiently updates a trained SVR function whenever a sample is added to or removed from the training set without retraining the entire training data. However, the AOSVR technique assumes that the new samples and the training samples are of the same characteristics; hence, the same value of SVR parameters is used for training and prediction. This assumption is not applicable to data samples that are inherently noisy and nonstationary, such as sensor data. As a result, we propose AOSVR with varying parameters that uses varying SVR parameters rather than fixed SVR parameters and hence accounts for the variability that may exist in the samples. To accomplish this objective, we also propose a generalized weight function to automatically update the weights of SVR parameters in online monitoring applications. The proposed function allows for lower and upper bounds for SVR parameters. We tested our proposed approach and compared results with the conventional AOSVR approach using two benchmark time-series data and sensor data from a nuclear power plant. The results show that using varying SVR parameters is more applicable to time-dependent data. C1 [Omitaomu, Olufemi A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jeong, Myong K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08854 USA. [Jeong, Myong K.] Rutgers State Univ, RUTCOR, New Brunswick, NJ 08854 USA. [Jeong, Myong K.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Badiru, Adedeji B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Omitaomu, OA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM omitaomuoa@ornl.gov; mjeong@rci.rutgers.edu; Adedeji.Badiru@afit.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2055156 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 678QQ UT WOS:000284095400018 ER PT S AU Cowan, VM Morath, CP Myers, S Gautam, N Krishna, S AF Cowan, Vincent M. Morath, Christian P. Myers, Stephen Gautam, Nutan Krishna, Sanjay BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Low Temperature Noise Measurement of an InAs/GaSb-based nBn MWIR Detector SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVII CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nBn; SLS; InAs/GaSb; superlattice; noise; infrared ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AB Recent experiments on conventional p-on-n and n-on-p Type II superlattices (SLS) infrared detectors still indicate larger than theoretically predicted dark current densities, despite the well known suppression of the Auger recombination mechanism. Rather, dark current in SLS is thought to still be limited by trap-assisted tunneling in the depletion region and surface leakage currents resulting from lack of fully passivated mesa sidewalls. An emerging infrared detector technology utilizing a unipolar, single-band barrier design, the so-called nBn architecture, potentially suppresses these remaining noise current mechanisms. In this report, measurements of the noise current spectral density of a mid-wave infrared nBn detector, composed of a type-II InAs/GaSb strain layer superlattice (SLS) absorber (n) and contact (n) layers with an AlGaSb barrier (B), under low-temperature, low-background conditions are presented. Here, noise was measured using a transimpedance amplifier incorporating a dewar-mounted feedback resistor RF and source-follower MOSFET, both held at 77 K. This configuration confines high detector impedance issues to the dewar, minimizes Johnson noise due to the electronics, and enhances bandwidth by reducing stray capacitance. Features of the detector's noise spectrums at different bias are examined. C1 [Cowan, Vincent M.; Morath, Christian P.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cowan, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vincent.cowan@kirtland.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-586-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8012 AR 801210 DI 10.1117/12.884808 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS70 UT WOS:000294735100035 ER PT S AU Newbury, K AF Newbury, Kendra BE Stam, G Ishino, M TI Gesture and language shift on the Uruguayan-Brazilian border SO INTEGRATING GESTURES: THE INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF GESTURE SE Gesture Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The linguistic phenomenon in which a prestige language variety supplants a traditional one, language shift, as well as the related phenomenon of superstratum and substratum interference, leading to mixture, have been widely studied in linguistics. Scholars, however, have not applied these linguistic theories to non-verbal communication, such as gesture. In applying these concepts to the hegemonic displacement in northern Uruguay of the traditional Portuguese variety by the national language, Spanish, this chapter demonstrates that gestural convention is interconnected with the linguistic outcome of language contact among these border bilinguals. Focusing on gestures that are traditionally associated with each language, the results confirm expected generalizations about gesture shift as a parallel phenomenon, while they reveal conclusions about how gesture differs from language, including the absence of gesture-switching and the phenomenon of latency, or rather, the delay in the adoption of culturally-defined paralinguistic forms when a speech community undergoes language shift. C1 [Newbury, Kendra] Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Newbury, Kendra] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Newbury, K (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN BENJAMINS B V PUBL PI AMSTERDAM ME PA PO BOX 36224, 1020 AMSTERDAM ME, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6829 BN 978-90-272-8720-5; 978-90-272-2845-1 J9 GESTURE STUD PY 2011 VL 4 BP 231 EP 242 D2 10.1075/gs.4 PG 12 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Social SC Linguistics; Psychology GA BE1ML UT WOS:000368132700017 ER PT J AU Arkes, HR Kajdasz, J AF Arkes, Hal R. Kajdasz, James BE Fischhoff, B Chauvin, C TI Intuitive Theories of Behavior SO INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS: BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONFIDENCE; JUDGMENT; QUALITY; TASK; PERSONALITY; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; PREDICTION; EXPERTISE; MEMORY C1 [Arkes, Hal R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Arkes, Hal R.] Ohio State Univ, Moritz Coll Law, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Arkes, Hal R.] Amer Psychol Soc, Washington, DC USA. [Arkes, Hal R.] Soc Judgment & Decis Making, Long Beach, CA USA. [Kajdasz, James] US Air Force, Pentagon, VA USA. [Kajdasz, James] Joint Base Anacostia Bolling, Natl Def Intelligence Collo, Washington, DC USA. [Kajdasz, James] Hurlburt Field, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. [Kajdasz, James] Prince Sultan Air Base, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia. [Kajdasz, James] Osan Air Base, Pyongtaek, South Korea. [Kajdasz, James] US Air Force Acad, Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Arkes, HR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-17698-9 PY 2011 BP 143 EP 168 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4IE UT WOS:000352541500011 ER PT J AU Schreiber, BT Schroeder, M Bennett, W AF Schreiber, Brian T. Schroeder, Mark Bennett, Winston, Jr. TI Distributed Mission Operations Within-Simulator Training Effectiveness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This study examined the effectiveness of distributed mission operations (DMO) training using objective and subjective measures. DMO consists of multiplayer networked environments that facilitate the training of higher order individual and team-oriented combat skills. Objective measures included performance assessments, and subjective measures included performance ratings by subject matter experts and pilot perceptions of DMO utility. Results indicated that DMO training improved pilot performance, most notably in the reduction of the number of enemy strikers reaching their target and the number of F-16 mortalities. Considerations of real-world reductions in loss of life and expenditures are discussed. C1 [Schreiber, Brian T.; Schroeder, Mark] Lumir Res Inst, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. [Bennett, Winston, Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Schreiber, BT (reprint author), Lumir Res Inst, 195 Bluff Ave, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. EM brian.schreiber@lumirresearch.com NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 254 EP 268 DI 10.1080/10508414.2011.582448 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 885HU UT WOS:000299770400003 ER PT J AU McClernon, CK Miller, JC AF McClernon, Christopher K. Miller, James C. TI Variance as a Measure of Performance in an Aviation Context SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TASK-PERFORMANCE; STRESS AB A combined measure of performance (i.e., constant error plus variable error) is a common approach to determining aircraft pilot performance. However, a variable error measure has worked well as a performance measure in highway driving. Twenty novice participants were recruited to participate in a study that tested flying performance in a simulator criterion trial following simulated flight training. The data were analyzed first using a common root mean square error measure (combined error). The same data were subsequently analyzed using a variable error measure and the results were compared and contrasted. Results indicated that the variable error approach was sensitive, precise, and efficient when measuring pilot performance. Explanations for why this is a particularly suitable approach in an aviation context are provided. C1 [McClernon, Christopher K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP McClernon, CK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.mcclernon@wpafb.af.mil OI Miller, James/0000-0002-3897-8376 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 397 EP 412 DI 10.1080/10508414.2011.606765 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 885HV UT WOS:000299770500006 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Exploration of plasma-based control for low-Reynolds number airfoil/gust interaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE plasma-flow control; low-Reynolds number airfoil; large-eddy simulation; vortex/airfoil interaction; gust ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLOW-CONTROL; ACTUATORS; SCHEMES; VORTEX; FLOWFIELDS; STRATEGIES; BLADES AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) is employed to investigate the use of plasma-based actuation for the control of a vortical gust interacting with a wing section at a low Reynolds number. Flow about the SD7003 airfoil section at 4 degrees angle of attack and a chord-based Reynolds number of 60,000 is considered in the simulation, which typifies micro air vehicle (MAV) applications. Solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations that were augmented by source terms used to represent body forces imparted by the plasma actuator on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided these body forces resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme and an implicit LES approach which are used to obtain solutions on a locally refined overset mesh system. A Taylor-like vortex model is employed to represent a gust impinging upon the wing surface, which causes a substantial disruption to the undisturbed flow. It is shown that the fundamental impact of the gust on unsteady aerodynamic forces is due to an inviscid process, corresponding to variation in the effective angle of attack, which is not easily overcome. Plasma control is utilised to mitigate adverse effects of the interaction and improve aerodynamic performance. Physical characteristics of the interaction are described, and several aspects of the control strategy are explored. Among these are uniform and non-uniform spanwise variations of the control configuration, co-flow and counter-flow orientations of the directed force, pulsed and continuous operations of the actuator and strength of the plasma field. Results of the control situations are compared with regard to their effect upon aerodynamic forces. It was found that disturbances to the moment coefficient produced by the gust can be greatly reduced, which may be significant for stability and handling of MAV operations. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Aerophys Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Aerophys Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Donald.Rizzetta@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The work presented here was sponsored by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under a task monitored by D. Smith. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of supercomputer time from the US Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center, MS, and Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 10 BP 509 EP 533 DI 10.1080/10618562.2011.632374 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 884EO UT WOS:000299687900001 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Miller, SC Adler, AB Engel, CC Smith, TC Fairbank, JA AF Wells, Timothy S. Miller, Shannon C. Adler, Amy B. Engel, Charles C. Smith, Tyler C. Fairbank, John A. TI Mental health impact of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts: A review of US research, service provision, and programmatic responses SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER; NATIONAL-GUARD SOLDIERS; WAR VETERANS; PRIMARY-CARE; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; D-CYCLOSERINE; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; MILITARY PERSONNEL AB Although documentation that war inflicts psychological casualties dates back to the American Civil War and earlier, most research began after the Vietnam conflict, when studies focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). With ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there has been significant research to illuminate the epidemiology of war-related psychological casualties. Significant findings include an appreciation for the role combat plays in the development of mental disorders, including PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent research has endeavoured to understand and improve psychological resilience to temper potentially adverse mental health effects of military service in the theatre of combat operations. Over 2 million US service members have now deployed and returned over 3 million times to the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Mental health providers in the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs healthcare systems have consequently observed steep increases in mental health service use among these personnel. The Departments have responded aggressively to bolster staffing levels, increase capacity, improve available services, and anticipate future needs. Scientists and clinicians continue efforts to understand the determinants, prevention, recognition, and treatment of combat-related mental disorders. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] USAF, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Ctr Treatment Res & Educ Addict Disorders, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Adler, Amy B.] USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Heidelberg, Germany. [Engel, Charles C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Engel, Charles C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Fairbank, John A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Fairbank, John A.] Mid Atlantic VISN 6 Mental Illness Res Educ & Cli, Durham, NC USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM timothy.wells@med.navy.mil RI Fairbank, John/F-8972-2013; Schueter, nicos/A-3625-2014 OI Fairbank, John/0000-0003-2604-7256; NR 91 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 21 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0954-0261 J9 INT REV PSYCHIATR JI Int. Rev. Psych. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.3109/09540261.2011.558833 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 755PO UT WOS:000289946800004 PM 21521083 ER PT J AU Bradley, JM Taylor, CN AF Bradley, Justin M. Taylor, Clark N. TI Georeferenced Mosaics for Tracking Fires Using Unmanned Miniature Air Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATIC AEROTRIANGULATION; FOREST-FIRES AB Fire tracking is an increasingly important area of research aiming to help firefighters more effectively fight fires. In the past, piloted aircraft have been the main source for obtaining fire characteristics from the air. In recent years unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) have become popular for the same purpose. While large UAVs are an effective means of assisting firefighters, they are expensive to purchase and operate. Mini UAVs or MAVs, on the other hand, have become cheap and reliable platforms for surveillance missions. However, due to weight and size constraints, MAVs are often equipped with error-prone sensors, in contrast to large UAVs, resulting in poor-quality georeferencing and geolocating. Techniques to solve this problem in the fire tracking context have focused on fusing information from on-board infrared and color cameras and using various filters to correct single geolocation estimates. However, a fire can be very large and arbitrarily shaped, thereby invalidating the single geolocation point assumption. We aim to solve this problem by producing a Georeferenced Uncertainty Mosaic (GUM) in which size, shape, and geolocation information is shown simultaneously in an easy to understand georeferenced image. The GUM is created by appropriately blurring the infrared images captured by the on-board camera, and using the blurred images as observations in a particle filter. C1 [Bradley, Justin M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] USAF, Sensor Exploitat Applicat Branch, Layered Sensing Exploitat Div, Sensors Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bradley, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM bradley.justin@gmail.com FU MAGICC lab at BYU FX The authors would like to thank the MAGICC lab at BYU and members Evan Andersen, Andres Rodriguez, and Bryce Ready for many hours of help and support. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 10 BP 295 EP 309 DI 10.2514/1.45342 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 889RD UT WOS:000300090000001 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Harris, M Garcia, D deBlonk, BJ AF Maji, Arup K. Harris, Mark Garcia, Daniel deBlonk, Brett J. TI Feasibility Assessment of Deployable Composite Telescope SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Composite; Telescope; Deployable; Structure AB Volume constraints in existing launch vehicles require large space-based sensors to be folded during launch and subsequently deployed in space. This paper outlines the development of a prototype deployable astronomical telescope that would maintain both structural stability and optical alignment for potential space-based deployment. To achieve this goal, the structure must possess adequate stiffness and maintain its positional accuracy after a deployment cycle has ensued. The development and testing were based on a consumer-astronomy Newtonian telescope. A foldable carbon-epoxy composite replacement structure was integrated to replace the aluminum-truss assembly provided by the manufacturer. The composite telescope's structure and optical output were evaluated using computational (finite-element analyses and closed-form equations) and experimental methods. The structure was subjected to postdeployment displacement tests to quantify alignment accuracy. The stresses introduced in folding the tape springs were evaluated for both magnitude and mode of failure using the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. C1 [Maji, Arup K.; Harris, Mark; Garcia, Daniel] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [deBlonk, Brett J.] USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, MSC 01 1070, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate FX This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate under the guidance of Dr. Jeffry Welsh. Jeffrey Whetzal assisted with some of the fabrication and testing. The writers would like to thank Dr. Thomas Murphey for his helpful technical discussions and for providing graphics. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000045 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 695IV UT WOS:000285364700002 ER PT J AU Fiorino, ST Randall, RM Bartell, RJ Downs, AD Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Fiorino, Steven T. Randall, Robb M. Bartell, Richard J. Downs, Adam D. Chu, Peter C. Fan, C. W. TI Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW DECOMPOSITION; AEROSOLS; SPARSE AB This study quantifies the potential impacts on ship-defense high-energy-laser (HEL) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer driven by recent observations and analysis of worldwide sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The atmospheric effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model, which includes an SST database for the period 1854-1997. A more recent worldwide sea surface temperature database was provided by the Naval Postgraduate School for the period 1990-2008. Mean differences and trends between the two SST databases are used to deduce possible climate change impacts on simulated maritime HEL engagements. The anticipated effects on HEL propagation performance are assessed at an operating wavelength of 1.0642 mu m across the world's oceans and mapped onto a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid. The scenario evaluated is near surface and nearly horizontal over a range of 5000 m in which anticipated clear-air maritime aerosols occur. Summer and winter scenarios are considered. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering, correlated optical turbulence profiles in probabilistic (percentile) format are used. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, C. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu FU USAF QDR Office FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office in development of the underlying models. They also thank Professor Daniel A. Nussbaum in the Operations Research Department at NPS and the USAF QDR Office for funding support. Additionally, the authors are indebted to the insightful comments and suggested improvements offered by two unnamed reviewers. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2482.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719QD UT WOS:000287222400010 ER PT J AU Dea, JR AF Dea, John R. TI An experimental adaptation of Higdon-type non-reflecting boundary conditions to linear first-order systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Absorbing boundary conditions; Maxwell equations; Linearized shallow-water equations; Linearized Euler equations; Acoustic waves; Finite differences ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; DISPERSIVE WAVES; EULER EQUATIONS; DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; RADIATION; MODELS AB Experiments in adapting the Higdon non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) method to linear 2-D first-order systems are presented. Finite difference implementations are developed for the free-space Maxwell equations, the linearized shallow-water equations with Coriolis, and the linearized Euler equations with uniform advection. This NRBC technique removes up to 99% of the reflection error generated by the Sommerfeld radiation condition with only a modest increase in computational overhead. Published by Elsevier By. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dea, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.dea@af.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology FX The author would like to express his appreciation to current and former colleagues Mike Saville (Air Force Institute of Technology); and Frank Giraldo, Beny Neta, and Clyde Scandrett (Naval Postgraduate School) for their comments about using staggered grids. In addition, the author is indebted to the Air Force Institute of Technology for its support of this research. Finally, sincere appreciation is due the reviewer whose helpful comments and suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 EI 1879-1778 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 235 IS 5 BP 1354 EP 1366 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2010.08.023 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 682GP UT WOS:000284389700022 ER PT J AU Rosman, I Russell, M Hefferna, M AF Rosman, I. Russell, M. Hefferna, M. TI KERATOSIS LICHENOIDES CHRONICA SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosman, I.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Russell, M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hefferna, M.] Cent Dermatol, St Louis, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 682AI UT WOS:000284367300254 ER PT J AU Schulz, CS Kunz, DL Wereley, NM AF Schulz, Chris S. Kunz, Donald L. Wereley, Norman M. TI Cramer-Rao Bound Development for Linear Time Periodic Systems SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB System identification techniques are often used to determine the parameters required to define a model of a linear time invariant (LTI) system. The Cramer-Rao bound can be used to validate those parameters in order to ensure that the system model is an accurate representation of the system. Unfortunately, the Cramer-Rao bound is only valid for LTI systems and is not valid for linear time periodic (LTP) systems such as a helicopter rotor in forward flight. This paper describes an extension of the Cramer-Rao bound to LTP systems and demonstrates the methodology for a simple LTP system. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002104] C1 [Schulz, Chris S.] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kunz, Donald L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wereley, Norman M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schulz, CS (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM christopher.schulz@darpa.mil; donald.kunz@afit.edu; wereley@eng.umd.edu RI Wereley, Norman/I-8122-2012 OI Wereley, Norman/0000-0002-9932-6988 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 1 AR 011001 DI 10.1115/1.4002104 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 700SG UT WOS:000285764000001 ER PT J AU Hilfer, PB Bergeron, BE Mayerchak, MJ Roberts, HW Jeansonne, BG AF Hilfer, Paul B. Bergeron, Brian E. Mayerchak, Michael J. Roberts, Howard W. Jeansonne, Billie G. TI Multiple Autoclave Cycle Effects on Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files Produced by New Manufacturing Methods SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Autoclave; cyclic fatigue; nickel-titanium ID ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS; CLINICAL-USE; CUTTING EFFICIENCY; STERILIZATION; RESISTANCE; PROTAPER; MICROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR; RACE AB Introduction: Novel nickel-titanium rotary files with proprietary manufacturing techniques have recently been marketed. The purpose of this study was to assess multiple autoclave cycle effects on cyclic fatigue of GT Series X files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and Twisted Files (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) Methods: A jig using a 5-mm radius curve with 90 degrees of maximum file flexure was used to induce cyclic fatigue failure. Files (n = 10) representing each experimental group (GT Series X 20/.04 and 20/.06; Twisted Files 25/.04 and 25/.06) were first tested to establish baseline mean cycles to failure (MCF). Experimental groups (n = 20) were then cycled to 25% of the established baseline MCF and then autoclaved. Additional autoclaving was accomplished at 50% and 75% of MCF followed by continual testing until failure. Control groups (n = 20) underwent the same procedures except autoclaving was not accomplished. Results: The GT Series X (20/.04 and 20/.06) files showed no significant difference (p = 0.918/p = 0.096) in MCF for experimental versus control files. Twisted Files (25/.04) showed no significant difference (p = 0.432) in MCF between experimental and control groups. However, the Twisted Files (25/.06) experimental group showed a significantly lower (p = 0.0175) MCF compared with the controls. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this evaluation, autoclave sterilization significantly decreased cyclic fatigue resistance of one of the four file groups tested. Repeated autoclaving significantly reduced the MCF of 25/.06 Twisted Files; however, 25/.04 Twisted Files and both GT Series X files tested were not significantly affected by the same conditions. (J Endod 2011;37:72-74) C1 [Hilfer, Paul B.; Bergeron, Brian E.; Mayerchak, Michael J.] Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Jeansonne, Billie G.] LSU Sch Dent, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Bergeron, BE (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, 815 Dent Squadron,606 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM brian.bergeron@us.af.mil FU AAE Foundation FX Supported by the AAE Foundation. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2010.09.011 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 705UW UT WOS:000286165000016 PM 21146081 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Wilks, GB Spowart, JE AF Tschopp, M. A. Wilks, G. B. Spowart, J. E. TI Multiscale Characterization of Spatial Heterogeneity in Multiphase Composite Microstructures SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE multiscale characterization; three-phase composite microstructure; reactivity ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; REINFORCED ALUMINUM COMPOSITES; 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES; QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; RECONSTRUCTION; VISUALIZATION; SIMULATION AB A computational characterization technique is presented for assessing the spatial heterogeneity of two reactant phases in a three-phase chemically reactive composite. This technique estimates the reaction yield on multiple microstructure length scales based on the segregation of the two reactant phases and the expected reaction stoichiometry. The result of this technique is a metric, quantifying the effectiveness of phase mixing in a particular microstructure as a function of length scale. Assuming that the proportionate mixing of reactant phases on multiple length scales will enhance reaction kinetics and the overall level of reaction completion, this tool can subsequently be used as a figure-of-merit for optimizing microstructure via appropriate processing. To illustrate this point, an example is shown where a bimodal three-phase microstructure has a higher reaction yield at every length scale when compared with a monomodal three-phase microstructure with the same constituent loading. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002639] C1 [Tschopp, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Wilks, G. B.; Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wilks, G. B.] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems at Mississippi State University; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR/RSA; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH FX M.A.T. would like to acknowledge support for this work from the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems at Mississippi State University. G.B.W. and J.E.S. would like to acknowledge support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR/RSA (Dr. Charles Lee, Dr. Victor Giurgiutiu, Dr. David Stargel, PM's) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 1 AR 011004 DI 10.1115/1.4002639 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 695IK UT WOS:000285363600005 ER PT J AU Comeaux, JA Jauchem, JR Cox, DD Crane, CC D'Andrea, JA AF Comeaux, James A. Jauchem, James R. Cox, D. Duane Crane, Carrie C. D'Andrea, John A. TI Muscle Contraction During Electro-muscular Incapacitation: A Comparison Between Square-wave Pulses and the TASER (R) X26 Electronic Control Device SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; Sus scrofa; TASER; muscle contraction; Rana pipiens; electromuscular incapacitation; electronic control devices ID STIMULATION AB Electronic control devices (including the Advanced TASER (R) X26 model produced by TASER International) incapacitate individuals by causing muscle contractions. To provide information relevant to development of future potential devices, effects of monophasic square waves with different parameters were compared with those of the X26 electronic control device, using two animal models (frogs and swine). Pulse power, electrical pulse charge, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency affected muscle contraction. There was no difference in the charge required, between the square waveform and the X26 waveform, to cause approximately the same muscle-contraction response (in terms of the strength-duration curve). Thus, on the basis of these initial studies, the detailed shape of a waveform may not be important in terms of generating electro-muscular incapacitation. More detailed studies, however, may be required to thoroughly test all potential waveforms to be considered for future use in ECDs. C1 [Jauchem, James R.] USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Comeaux, James A.] Adv Informat Engn Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Cox, D. Duane; Crane, Carrie C.; D'Andrea, John A.] USN, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab Detachment, Res Operat Div, Hlth Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil FU Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Virginia; US Navy [N001408WR20088] FX This work was supported by the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program, Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Virginia. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy, or decision. This research complied with the Animal Welfare Act and adhered to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of the Laboratory Animals per SECNAVINST 3800.38B and AFMAN 40-401(I). The authors have not had any relationship with any manufacturers of electronic control devices, including employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Research was supported by US Navy Contract #N001408WR20088. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 SU 1 BP S95 EP S100 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01580.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 701RM UT WOS:000285840200014 PM 20950313 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Increased Hematocrit After Applications of Conducted Energy Weapons (Including TASER (R) Devices) to Sus scrofa SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic pathophysiology; conducted energy weapon; electronic control device; TASER; electro-muscular disruption; hematocrit; animal model; swine ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BLOOD-VISCOSITY; TIME-COURSE; SPLENIC CONSTRICTION; MINIATURE SWINE; OXYGEN DELIVERY; ANIMAL-MODEL; EXERCISE; POLYCYTHEMIA; PARAMETERS AB Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without intending to cause lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures in some cases. In laboratory animal models, central venous hematocrit has increased significantly after CEW exposure. Even limited applications (e.g., three 5-sec applications) resulted in statistically significant increases in hematocrit. Preexposure hematocrit was significantly higher in nonsurvivors versus survivors after more extreme CEW applications. The purpose of this technical note is to address specific questions that may be generated when examining these results. Comparisons among results of CEW applications, other electrical muscle stimulation, and exercise/voluntary muscle contraction are included. The anesthetized swine appears to be an acceptable animal model for studying changes in hematocrit and associated red blood cell changes. Potential detrimental effects of increased hematocrit, and considerations during law enforcement use, are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Funding provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy or decision. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 SU 1 BP S229 EP S233 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01629.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 701RM UT WOS:000285840200039 PM 21198623 ER PT J AU Koo, HJ Chang, ST Slocik, JM Naik, RR Velev, OD AF Koo, Hyung-Jun Chang, Suk Tai Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. Velev, Orlin D. TI Aqueous soft matter based photovoltaic devices SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; CARBON NANOTUBES; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; TIO2 FILMS; LOW-COST; EFFICIENCY; ELECTROLYTES; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE AB We present a new type of photovoltaic systems based on aqueous soft gel materials. Two photosensitive ions, DAS(-) and [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+), were used as photoactive molecules embedded in aqueous gel. The hydrogel photovoltaic devices (HGPVs) showed performance comparable with or higher than those of other biomimetic or ionic photovoltaic systems reported recently. We suggest a provisional mechanism, which is based on a synergetic effect of the two dye molecules in photocurrent generation. We found an efficient replacement of the expensive Pt counter-electrode with copper coated with carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon black or graphite. These Cu electrodes coated with carbon layers could drastically reduce the cost of such hydrogel devices without efficiency loss. Thus, a new class of low cost and flexible photovoltaic cells made of biocompatible matrix was demonstrated. Biologically derived photoactive molecules, such as Chlorophyll and Photosystem II, were successfully operated in aqueous gel media of such HGPVs. C1 [Koo, Hyung-Jun; Velev, Orlin D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chang, Suk Tai] Chung Ang Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 156756, South Korea. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Velev, OD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM odvelev@unity.ncsu.edu RI Koo, Hyung Jun/D-7145-2011 OI Koo, Hyung Jun/0000-0001-6804-741X FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-D-5421, D0004]; DOE [08NT0001925] FX This work was supported by grants from the Air Force Research Laboratory (F33615-03-D-5421, D0004) and DOE (08NT0001925). We thank Gregory Parsons and Jesse Jur for the helpful discussions. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1039/c0jm01820a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 691GC UT WOS:000285067300008 ER PT J AU Govorov, AO Gun'ko, YK Slocik, JM Gerard, VA Fan, ZY Naik, RR AF Govorov, Alexander O. Gun'ko, Yurii K. Slocik, Joseph M. Gerard, Valerie A. Fan, Zhiyuan Naik, Rajesh R. TI Chiral nanoparticle assemblies: circular dichroism, plasmonic interactions, and exciton effects SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CDS QUANTUM DOTS; INTENSE OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CDTE NANOCRYSTALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE PROBE; SHAPE CONTROL; DNA; NANOCOMPOSITES; SURFACE AB The paper reviews recent progress on chiral nanocrystal assemblies with induced optical chirality and related circular dichroism. Many natural molecules and biomolecules are chiral and exhibit remarkably strong optical chirality (circular dichroism) due to their amazingly uniform atomic composition in a large ensemble. It is challenging to realize artificial nanoscale systems with optical chirality since the atomic structure of artificial nanostructures may not be always controlled or even known. Nevertheless, the artificial optical chirality has been accomplished and it is the main scope of this review. In particular, we discuss assemblies incorporating chiral molecules, metal nanocrystals, and semiconductor quantum dots. Plasmon-induced and plasmon-enhanced circular dichroism effects appear in nanoscale assemblies built with metal nanocrystals, while excitonic and surface-states related phenomena are observed in semiconductor quantum dots conjugated with chiral molecules. C1 [Govorov, Alexander O.; Fan, Zhiyuan] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Gun'ko, Yurii K.; Gerard, Valerie A.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Chem, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Govorov, AO (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM Govorov@ohiou.edu; IGOUNKO@tcd.ie; Joseph.Slocik.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Fan, Zhiyuan/C-2504-2015; OI Fan, Zhiyuan/0000-0002-9312-2271; Gun'ko, Yurii/0000-0002-4772-778X FU NSF [CBET-0933415]; Air Force Research Laboratories, Dayton, Ohio; Volkswagen Foundation; Science Foundation of Ireland; Higher Education Authority FX This work was supported by NSF (A.O.G., Z. F.; project: CBET-0933415), Air Force Research Laboratories, Dayton, Ohio (A.O.G., J. M. S, R.R.N.), by Volkswagen Foundation (A.O.G.), and by Science Foundation of Ireland and Higher Education Authority (Y. K.G. and V. A. G.). NR 97 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 15 U2 151 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 42 BP 16806 EP 16818 DI 10.1039/c1jm12345a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 835HJ UT WOS:000296026900012 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Owens, JR AF Lee, Hoon Joo Owens, Jeffery R. TI Motion of liquid droplets on a superhydrophobic oleophobic surface SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; WATER AB Developing a superhydrophobic oleophobic material is achieved by two criteria: low surface energy and properly designed surface morphology. The relationships among surface tensions, contact angles, contact angle hystereses, roll-off angles, and surface morphologies of such materials are studied. Numerical formulae related to the surface energy of liquids and solids are used to predict the wetting behavior of superhydrophobic and oleophobic materials. Using chemical and geometrical modifications, a superhydrophobic oleophobic surface was prepared. Good agreement between the predicted and measured contact angles and roll-off angles were obtained. The effect of the contact angle hysteresis on the roll-off angle is described to understand the motion of a droplet when the droplet begins to roll off. C1 [Lee, Hoon Joo] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Owens, Jeffery R.] USAF, Res Lab, RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, 2401 Res Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hoonjoo_lee@ncsu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-07-1-5903]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense [HDTRA1-08-1-0049]; US Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) FX This material was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under grant number FA8650-07-1-5903. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. We also appreciate support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (grant number HDTRA1-08-1-0049) and US Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC). NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4810-z PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 700PG UT WOS:000285755800006 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Roslyak, O AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Roslyak, O. TI Optical modulation effects on nonlinear electron transport in graphene in terahertz frequency range SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE graphene; Maxwell equation; optical modulation; Boltzmann transport equation; nanoribbon; moment equations ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; TRANSISTORS; GAS AB We describe very fast electron dynamics for a graphene nanoribbon driven by a control electromagnetic field in the terahertz frequency regime. The mobility as a function of bias field has been found to possess a large threshold value when entering a nonlinear transport regime. This value depends on the lattice temperature, electron density, impurity scattering strength, nanoribbon width and correlation length for the line-edge roughness. An enhanced electron mobility beyond this threshold has been observed, which is related to the initially-heated electrons in high energy states with a larger group velocity. However, this mobility enhancement quickly reaches a maximum governed by the Fermi velocity in graphene and the dramatically increased phonon scattering. Super-linear and sub-linear temperature dependences of the mobility are seen in the linear and nonlinear transport regimes, which is attributed separately to the results of sweeping electrons from the right Fermi edge to the left one through elastic scattering and moving electrons from low-energy states to high-energy ones through field-induced electron heating. The threshold field is pushed up by a decreased correlation length in the high field regime, and is further accompanied by a reduced magnitude in the mobility enhancement. This implies an anomalous high-field increase of the line-edge roughness scattering with decreasing correlation length due to the occupation of high-energy states by field-induced electron heating. Additionally, a self-consistent device modeling has been proposed for graphene transistors under an optical modulation on its gate, which employs Boltzmann moment equations up to the third-order for describing fast carrier dynamics and full wave electromagnetics coupled to the Boltzmann equation for describing spatial-temporal dependence of the total field. Finally, a detailed comparison of the derived Maxwell-Boltzmann moment equations in this paper with the well known Vlasov-Maxwell equations is also included. C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Roslyak, O.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by contract # FA 9453-07-C-0207 of AFRL. DH would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. DH would also like to thank Prof. Xiang Zhang for hosting the Visiting Scientist Program sponsored by AFOSR. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 21 SI SI BP 1898 EP 1907 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.588345 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866RK UT WOS:000298399200002 ER PT J AU Arora, R Petrov, GI Noojin, GD Thomas, PA Denton, ML Rockwell, BA Thomas, RJ Yakovlev, VV AF Arora, Rajan Petrov, Georgi I. Noojin, Gary D. Thomas, Patrick A. Denton, Michael L. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Thomas, Robert J. Yakovlev, Vladislav V. TI Detecting mineral content in turbid medium using nonlinear Raman imaging: feasibility study SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Raman scattering; stimulated Raman scattering; photoacoustics; osteoporosis ID FUNCTIONAL PHOTOACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; BONE; COHERENT; SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUE AB Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by reduced mineral content with resulting changes in bone architecture, which in turn increases the risk of bone fracture. Raman spectroscopy has an intrinsic sensitivity to the chemical content of the bone, but its application to study bones in vivo is limited due to strong optical scattering in tissue. It has been proposed that Raman excitation with photoacoustic detection can successfully address the problem of chemically specific imaging in deep tissue. In this report, the principal possibility of photoacoustic imaging for detecting mineral content is evaluated. C1 [Arora, Rajan; Petrov, Georgi I.; Yakovlev, Vladislav V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Denton, Michael L.] TASC Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Thomas, Patrick A.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1900 E Kenwood Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM yakovlev@uwm.edu RI Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU NIH [R15EY020805, R21EB011703]; NSF [0925950, 0964225]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate [FA8650-08-D-6920]; USAF Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate; Consortium Research Fellows Program FX The authors acknowledge generous support of the NIH (Grants # R15EY020805, and R21EB011703), the NSF (ECS Grant # 0925950 and DBI Grant # 0964225), and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate contract FA8650-08-D-6920 (G.D. Noojin and M.L. Denton). Support for P.A. Thomas was from the Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate's Repperger Summer Research Fellowship Program. V.V. Yakovlev acknowledges visiting scientist support from the USAF Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate and the Consortium Research Fellows Program. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 21 SI SI BP 1914 EP 1921 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.591507 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866RK UT WOS:000298399200004 PM 22337734 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Roslyak, O Huang, D Balassis, A AF Gumbs, Godfrey Roslyak, O. Huang, Danhong Balassis, Antonios TI Spectroscopic characterization of gapped graphene in the presence of circularly polarized light SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE graphene; plasmon excitations; electron energy loss; dressed Dirac electrons ID INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; CHARGED-PARTICLE; PLASMA LOSSES; ENERGY-LOSS; THIN-FILMS AB We present a description of the energy loss of a charged particle moving parallel to a graphene layer and graphene double layers. Specifically, we compare the stopping power of the plasma oscillations for these two configurations in the absence as well as the presence of circularly polarized light whose frequency and intensity can be varied to yield an energy gap of several hundred meV between the valence and conduction bands. The dressed states of the Dirac electrons by the photons yield collective plasma excitations whose characteristics are qualitatively and quantitatively different from those produced by Dirac fermions in gapless graphene, due in part to the finite effective mass of the dressed electrons. For example, the range of wave numbers for undamped self-sustaining plasmons is increased as the gap is increased, thereby increasing the stopping power of graphene for some range of charged particle velocity when graphene is radiated by circularly polarized light. C1 [Gumbs, Godfrey; Roslyak, O.] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Balassis, Antonios] Fordham Univ, Dept Phys, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. RP Roslyak, O (reprint author), CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM avroslyak@gmail.com FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by contract # FA 9453-07-C-0207 of AFRL. Dr Huang would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 21 SI SI BP 1990 EP 1996 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.601330 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866RK UT WOS:000298399200014 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Han, W Abeysinghe, DC Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Chen, Weibin Han, Wei Abeysinghe, Don C. Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Generating cylindrical vector beams with subwavelength concentric metallic gratings fabricated on optical fibers SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE polarization-selective devices; radially polarized beam; subwavelength structures ID POLARIZED-LIGHT; LASER AB We report the generation of cylindrical vector beams using a concentric metallic grating fabricated on optical fibers with a period smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. Similar to the wiregrid linear polarizer, such a subwavelength metallic annular structure strongly reflects azimuthal polarization and allows radial polarization to transmit through. Due to the polarization selectivity of the concentric metallic grating, a cylindrical vector beam is obtained when a circularly polarized light is launched into the fiber. Such a device is suitable for the end mirror coupler in an all-fiber laser design to produce radially polarized modes. C1 [Chen, Weibin; Han, Wei; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, WB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chenweib@notes.udayton.edu RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010; Han, Wei/M-8404-2013 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/13/1/015003 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 692OD UT WOS:000285161200004 ER PT J AU Werneke, MW Hart, DL Cutrone, G Oliver, D McGill, MT Weinberg, J Grigsby, D Oswald, W Ward, J AF Werneke, Mark W. Hart, Dennis L. Cutrone, Guillermo Oliver, Dave McGill, Maj Troy Weinberg, Jon Grigsby, David Oswald, William Ward, Jason TI Association Between Directional Preference and Centralization in Patients With Low Back Pain SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE computerized adaptive testing; lumbar spine; outcomes ID THERAPY CLINIC PERFORMANCE; BETWEEN-SESSION CHANGES; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; CLASSIFICATION APPROACH; NONORGANIC SIGNS; PREDICTION RULE; PRIMARY-CARE; SPINAL PAIN; OUTCOMES AB STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort. OBJECTIVES: Primary aims were to determine (1) baseline prevalence of directional preference (DP) or no directional preference (no-DP) observed for patients with low back pain whose symptoms centralized (CEN), did not centralize (non-CEN), or could not be classified (NC), and (2) to determine if classifying patients at intake by DP or no-DP combined with CEN, non-CEN, or NC predicted functional status and pain intensity at discharge from rehabilitation. BACKGROUND: Although evidence suggests that patient response classification criteria DP or CEN improve outcomes, previous studies did not delineate relations between DP and CEN findings and outcomes. METHODS: Eight therapists classified patients using standardized definitions for DP and CEN. Prevalence rates for DP and no-DP and CEN, non-CEN, and NC were calculated. Ordinary least-squares multivariate regression models assessed whether multilevel classification combining DP and CEN (DP/CEN, DP/non-CEN, DP/NC, no-DP/non-CEN, and no-DP/NC categories) predicted discharge functional status (scale range, 0 to 100, with higher values representing better function) or pain intensity (scale range, 0 to 10, with higher values representing more pain). RESULTS: Overall prevalence of DP and CEN was 60% and 41%, respectively. For those with DP, prevalence rates for DP/CEN, DP/non-CEN. and DP/NC were 65%, 27%, and 8%, respectively. The amount of variance explained (R-2 values) for function and pain models was 0.50 and 0.39, respectively. Compared to patients classified as DP/CEN, patients classified as DP/non-CEN or no-DP/non-CEN reported 7.7 and 11.6 functional status units less at discharge (P<.001), respectively, and patients classified as no-DP/non-CEN reported 1.7 pain units more at discharge (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that classification by pain pattern and DP can improve a therapist's ability to provide a short-term prognosis for function and pain outcomes. C1 [Werneke, Mark W.] CentraState Med Ctr, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. [Hart, Dennis L.] Focus Therapeut Outcomes Inc, White Stone, VA USA. [Cutrone, Guillermo] St Vincents Med Ctr NE, Fisher, IN USA. [Oliver, Dave] Phys Therapy Mot, Saline, MI USA. [McGill, Maj Troy] USAF, Ft Richardson, AK USA. [Weinberg, Jon] Team Care Phys Therapy, Oxford, NC USA. [Grigsby, David; Ward, Jason] MidSouth Orthopaed Rehabil, Germantown, TN USA. [Oswald, William] NYU, Hosp Joint Dis, New York, NY USA. RP Werneke, MW (reprint author), CentraState Med Ctr, 901 W Main St, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. EM mwerneke@centrastate.com OI Oswald, William/0000-0002-2303-5623 NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.2519/jospt.2011.3415 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 716HN UT WOS:000286959800004 PM 20972343 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Edwards, JM Menke, LE AF Alarcon, Gene M. Edwards, Jean M. Menke, Lauren E. TI Student Burnout and Engagement: A Test of the Conservation of Resources Theory SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burnout; college students; coping; engagement ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; JOB BURNOUT; PERSONALITY; METAANALYSIS; STRESS; LIFE AB The current study explored predictors of burnout and engagement in 1st-year college students. The theory of conservation of resources was used to create a path model for burnout and engagement. Specifically, the theory suggests that perceptions of demands mediate the relationship between resources and coping strategies. In turn, coping mediates the relationship of demands on the outcomes of burnout and engagement. Results indicate demands partially mediated the relationship between resources and coping strategies. Similarly, coping partially mediated the relationship between demands and burnout and engagement. Results suggest that teaching students adaptive ways of coping and extinguishing maladaptive ways of coping with the academic environment can increase engagement and decrease burnout. Implications for research, theory, and practice are discussed. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Edwards, Jean M.; Menke, Lauren E.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), 2698 G St,Bldg 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gene.alarcon.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 21 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3980 J9 J PSYCHOL JI J. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 145 IS 3 BP 211 EP 227 AR PII 935837390 DI 10.1080/00223980.2011.555432 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 746MW UT WOS:000289252400004 PM 21560805 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Lyons, JB AF Alarcon, Gene M. Lyons, Joseph B. TI The Relationship of Engagement and Job Satisfaction in Working Samples SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE construct validity; engagement; job satisfaction ID METAANALYTIC EXAMINATION; PERSON-ORGANIZATION; BURNOUT; PREDICTORS; CONSTRUCT; MODEL; RESOURCES; DEMANDS; STRESS; FIT AB The present study explored the factor structure of engagement and its relationship with job satisfaction. The authors hypothesize that work engagement comprises 3 constructs: vigor, dedication, and absorption. Using structural equation modeling, the authors analyze data from 3 archival data sets to determine the factor structure of engagement. In addition, they examine the hypothesis that engagement and job satisfaction are separate but related constructs, using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression. The authors test models in which engagement and job satisfaction items loaded onto a single latent variable and 1 in which they loaded onto 2 separate variables. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis indicate engagement has 3 factors. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regressions indicate engagement and job satisfaction are separate constructs. Last, hierarchical regressions demonstrated the constructs have different relationships with the areas of work-life scale. Implications for theory and research are discussed. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.; Lyons, Joseph B.] USAF, Res Lab, Org Effectiveness Res Area Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), 2698 G St,Bldg 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gene.alarcon.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3980 J9 J PSYCHOL JI J. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 145 IS 5 BP 463 EP 480 DI 10.1080/00223980.2011.584083 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 888LT UT WOS:000300005800004 PM 21902012 ER PT J AU Zameroski, ND Hager, GD Rudolph, W Erickson, CJ Hostutler, DA AF Zameroski, Nathan D. Hager, Gordon D. Rudolph, Wolfgang Erickson, Christopher J. Hostutler, David A. TI Pressure broadening and collisional shift of the Rb D2 absorption line by CH4, C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, and He SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Absorption spectroscopy; Pressure broadening; Diode pumped alkali metal vapor lasers (DPALs) ID SPECTRAL-LINES; SEMIEMPIRICAL POTENTIALS; NOBLE-GASES; D-2 LINES; CONSTANTS; DOPPLER; LASER; N-2; NM AB The pressure broadening and shift rates of the rubidium D2 absorption line 5(2)S(1/2) -> 5(2)P(3/2) (780.24 nm) with CH4, C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, and He were measured for pressures <= 80 Torr using high-resolution laser spectroscopy. The broadening rates gamma(B) for CH4, C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, and He are 28.0, 28.1, 30.5, 31.3, and 20.3 (MHz/Torr), respectively. The corresponding shift rates gamma(S) are -8.4, -8.8, -9.7, -10.0, and 0.39 (MHz/Torr), respectively. The measured rates of Rb for the hydrocarbon buffer gas series of this study are also compared to the theoretically calculated rates of a purely attractive van der Waals difference potential. Good agreement is found to exist between measured and theoretical rates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zameroski, Nathan D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hager, Gordon D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rudolph, Wolfgang] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Erickson, Christopher J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zameroski, ND (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ndz103@hotmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA-9550-06-1-0508] FX The authors would like to express their thanks and gratitude towards Billy Pike and Wade Klennert at AFRL who helped with the experimental aspects of this work. This research was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant # FA-9550-06-1-0508. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.08.016 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 690AK UT WOS:000284972100005 ER PT J AU Born, CT Cullison, TR Dean, JA Hayda, RA McSwain, N Riddles, LM Shimkus, AJ AF Born, Christopher T. Cullison, Thomas R. Dean, Jeffrey A. Hayda, Roman A. McSwain, Norman Riddles, Lawrence M. Shimkus, Albert J. TI Partnered Disaster Preparedness: Lessons Learned From International Events SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article AB Military, governmental, and civilian agencies routinely respond to disasters around the world, including large-scale mass casualty events such as the earthquake in Pakistan in 2005, Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, and the earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Potential exists for improved coordination of medical response between civilian and military sectors and for the creation of a planned and practiced interface. Disaster preparedness could be enhanced with more robust disaster education for civilian responders; creation of a database of precredentialed, precertified medical specialists; implementation of a communication bridge; and the establishment of agreements between military and civilian medical/surgical groups in advance of major catastrophic events. C1 [Born, Christopher T.; Hayda, Roman A.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Born, Christopher T.; Hayda, Roman A.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Orthopaed Trauma Serv, Providence, RI USA. [Cullison, Thomas R.] Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Dean, Jeffrey A.] Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. [McSwain, Norman] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [McSwain, Norman] Tulane Univ, Spirit Char Trauma Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Riddles, Lawrence M.] US Transportat Command, Scott AFB, IL USA. [Shimkus, Albert J.] Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Born, CT (reprint author), Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. FU Stryker FX Dr. Born or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American College of Surgeons, the Orthopaedic Trauma Association, the American Academy of Surgeons, and the Foundation for Orthopaedic Trauma; serves as a paid consultant to Stryker and IlluminOss Medical; serves as an unpaid consultant to BioIntraface; has received research or institutional support from Stryker; and has stock or stock options held in BioIntraface and IlluminOss Medical. Dr. Hayda or an immediate family member is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of AO North America and serves as an unpaid consultant to BioIntraface. None of the following authors or any immediate family member has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Rear Admiral Cullison, Dr. Dean, Dr. McSwain, Dr. Riddles, and Captain Shimkus. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2011 VL 19 SU 1 BP S44 EP S48 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 722IE UT WOS:000287425100010 PM 21304048 ER PT J AU Derby, R Rohal, P Jackson, C Beutler, A Olsen, C AF Derby, Richard Rohal, Patrick Jackson, Constance Beutler, Anthony Olsen, Cara TI Novel Treatment of Onychomycosis using Over-the-Counter Mentholated Ointment: A Clinical Case Series SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mentholated Ointment; Onychomycosis; Treatment ID ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ESSENTIAL OIL; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OFFICES AB Background: Current medication treatments for onychomycosis have less than full cure-rate efficacy and have the potential for adverse side effects. Vicks VapoRub (The Proctor & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH) has been advocated in the lay literature as an effective treatment for onychomycosis. This pilot study tested Vicks VapoRub as a safe, cost-effective alternative for treating toenail onychomycosis. Methods: Eighteen participants were recruited to use Vicks VapoRub as treatment for onychomycosis. Participants were followed at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks; digital photographs were obtained during initial and follow-up visits. Primary outcome measures were mycological cure at 48 weeks and clinical cure through subjective assessment of appearance and quantifiable change in the area of affected nail by digital photography analysis. Patient satisfaction was a secondary outcome, measured using a single-item questionnaire scored by a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Fifteen of the 18 participants (83%) showed a positive treatment effect; 5 (27.8%) had a mycological and clinical cure at 48 weeks; 10 (55.6%) had partial clearance, and 3 (16.7%) showed no change. All 18 participants rated their satisfaction with the nail appearance at the end of the study as "satisfied" (n = 9) or "very satisfied" (n = 9). Conclusions: Vicks VapoRub seems to have a positive clinical effect in the treatment onychomycosis. (J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24:69-74.) C1 [Derby, Richard] USAF, Med Grp 375, Family Med Residency Program, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. [Rohal, Patrick] USAF, Med Grp 779, Dept Family Med, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Joint Base Andrews, MD USA. [Jackson, Constance] USAF, Med Grp 28, Dept Family Med, Ellsworth Afb, SD USA. [Beutler, Anthony] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Olsen, Cara] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Derby, R (reprint author), USAF, Med Grp 375, Family Med Residency Program, 180 S 3rd St,Suite 400, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. EM Richard.derby-02@scott.af.mil FU TRUE Research Foundation, San Antonio, TX FX Funding as provided by the TRUE Research Foundation, San Antonio, TX. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100124 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 702TZ UT WOS:000285920100010 PM 21209346 ER PT J AU Pan, YF Boyd, LE Kruplak, JF Cleland, WE Wilkes, JS Hussey, CL AF Pan, Yunfeng Boyd, Laura E. Kruplak, Joan F. Cleland, Walter E., Jr. Wilkes, John S. Hussey, Charles L. TI Physical and Transport Properties of Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Application to the Diffusion of Tris(2,2 '-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE; SURFACE-TENSION; VISCOSITY; PRESSURE; DENSITY; CATION; ANION AB The densities, viscosities, molar conductivities, and surface tensions of room temperature ionic liquids based on the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion and the 1-(1-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyltrimethylammonium, 1-(1-butyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-(1-butyl) pyridinium, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cations were measured as a function of temperature over the range from 298 to 353 K. The surface tension of tri-(1-butyl)methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is also reported. Linear equations were fitted to the experimental density and surface tension data, and the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation for glass-forming liquids was fitted to the experimental viscosity and conductivity data. The surface energies, surface entropies, and critical temperatures were estimated from the temperature dependence of the surface tension data. All of the liquids studied obey the fractional Walden rule and fall only slightly below the ideal line, indicating that they possess high ionicity. In each case, the viscosity shows only modest decoupling from the conductivity as the temperature is increased. Diffusion coefficients for the oxidation of tris (2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) were measured in the six ionic liquids as a function of temperature. The hydrodynamic radius of tris (2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) was estimated from the Stokes-Einstein equation and was found to be remarkably close to the crystallographic radius of this species. (c) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3505006] All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Yunfeng; Boyd, Laura E.; Cleland, Walter E., Jr.; Hussey, Charles L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kruplak, Joan F.; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pan, YF (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chclh@chem1.olemiss.edu FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [154868] FX The authors express their appreciation to Xiaofei Zhang and Margo Montgomery for assistance with the synthesis of ionic liquids. This research was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science of the U.S. Department of Energy through Grant no. DE-AC02-98CH10886, Subcontract 154868, from Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 1 BP F1 EP F9 DI 10.1149/1.3505006 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 686LN UT WOS:000284697900031 ER PT J AU Luethcke, CA Bryan, CJ Morrow, CE Isler, WC AF Luethcke, Cynthia A. Bryan, Craig J. Morrow, Chad E. Isler, William C. TI Comparison of Concussive Symptoms, Cognitive Performance, and Psychological Symptoms Between Acute Blast-Versus Nonblast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Blast injuries; Brain concussion; Brain injuries/psychology; Cognition disorder; Neuropsychological tests; Military personnel ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT METRICS; US SOLDIERS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; MECHANISMS; TBI AB Blast-related head injuries are one of the most prevalent injuries among military personnel deployed in service of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Although several studies have evaluated symptoms after blast injury in military personnel, few studies compared them to nonblast injuries or measured symptoms within the acute stage after traumatic brain injury (TB!). Knowledge of acute symptoms will help deployed clinicians make important decisions regarding recommendations for treatment and return to duty. Furthermore, differences more apparent during the acute stage might suggest important predictors of the long-term trajectory of recovery. This study evaluated concussive, psychological, and cognitive symptoms in military personnel and civilian contractors (N = 82) diagnosed with mild TBI (mTBI) at a combat support hospital in Iraq. Participants completed a clinical interview, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric (ANAM), PTSD Checklist-Military Version (PCL-M), Behavioral Health Measure (BHM), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) within 72 hr of injury. Results suggest that there are few differences in concussive symptoms, psychological symptoms, and neurocognitive performance between blast and nonblast mTBIs, although clinically significant impairment in cognitive reaction time for both blast and nonblast groups is observed. Reductions in ANAM accuracy were related to duration of loss of consciousness, not injury mechanism. (JINS, 2011, 17, 36-45) C1 [Luethcke, Cynthia A.; Bryan, Craig J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Morrow, Chad E.] Maxwell AFB, MDOS SGOMH 42, Montgomery, AL USA. [Isler, William C.] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, 7550 W IH-10,Suite 1325, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM bryanc3@uthscsa.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 28 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1355-6177 J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1017/S1355617710001207 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 702KX UT WOS:000285894700005 PM 21083963 ER PT J AU Wilfong, ER Lyles, M Rietcheck, RL Arfsten, DP Boeckman, HJ Johnson, EW Doyle, TL Chapman, GD AF Wilfong, E. R. Lyles, M. Rietcheck, R. L. Arfsten, D. P. Boeckman, H. J. Johnson, E. W. Doyle, T. L. Chapman, G. D. TI THE ACUTE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MIDDLE EAST SAND PARTICLES ON THE RAT AIRWAY FOLLOWING A SINGLE INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DUST STORM EVENTS; SAUDI-ARABIA; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PULMONARY TOXICITY; F344 RATS; LUNG; INFLAMMATION; PARTICULATE; INHALATION AB Military personnel deployed in the Middle East have emphasized concerns regarding high levels of dust generated from blowing desert sand and the movement of troops and equipment. Airborne particulate matter levels (PM(10); PM < 10 mu m) in the region may exceed 1500 mu g/m(3), significantly higher than the military exposure guideline (MEG) of 50 mu g/m(3). Increases in PM(10) have been linked to a rise in incidences of asthma, obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intratracheal (IT) instillation of 1, 5, or 10 mg of Middle East PM(10) collected at a military occupied site in Kuwait, silica (positive control), or titanium dioxide (TiO(2); negative control) suspended in 400 mu l sterile saline, or saline alone (vehicle control). Twenty-four hours, 3 d, 7 d and 6 mo postexposure (n = 15/group), organs including lung were evaluated for histopathological changes and for particle contaminants. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) was also analyzed for cellular and biochemical parameters, including cytokines and chemokines. Instillation of silica resulted in early, pronounced, sustained inflammation indicated by significant increases in levels of total protein and neutrophils, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase activity and beta-glucuronidase activity. Lower magnitude and transient changes using the same markers were observed in animals exposed to TiO(2) and Middle East PM(10). The results suggest that for acute exposures, this Middle East PM(10) is a nuisance-type dust with relatively low toxicity. However, since average deployment of military personnel to the Middle East is 180 d with potential for multiple follow-on tours, chronic exposure studies are needed to fully understand the pulmonary effects associated with Middle East PM exposure. C1 [Wilfong, E. R.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lyles, M.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Rietcheck, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Tri Serv Res Support, Pathol Sect, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arfsten, D. P.] USN, Air Stn, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Boeckman, H. J.; Johnson, E. W.; Doyle, T. L.; Chapman, G. D.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wilfong, ER (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Wilfong@usna.edu FU Defense Health Promotion work unit [60262] FX This work was supported by Defense Health Promotion work unit number 60262. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. The authors are military service members (or employees of the U.S. government). This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States government. Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. government as part of that person's official duties. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 20 BP 1351 EP 1365 DI 10.1080/15287394.2010.516239 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 865PD UT WOS:000298321900004 PM 21899408 ER PT J AU Inaba, K DuBose, JJ Barmparas, G Barbarino, R Reddy, S Talving, P Lam, L Demetriades, D AF Inaba, Kenji DuBose, Joseph J. Barmparas, Galinos Barbarino, Raffaella Reddy, Sravanthi Talving, Peep Lam, Lydia Demetriades, Demetrios TI Clinical Examination Is Insufficient to Rule Out Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Thoracolumbar spine; Injury; Trauma; Epidemiology; Prospective; Clinical examination; Clinically significant; Brace; TLSO; Pain; Tenderness; Neurologic deficit ID BLUNT TRAUMA; SCORING SYSTEM; FRACTURES; CLASSIFICATION; GUIDELINES; VALIDITY; CRITERIA AB Purpose: The role of clinical examination in the diagnosis of thoracolumbar (TL) spine injuries is highly controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a standardized clinical examination for diagnosing TL spine injuries after blunt trauma. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a level I trauma center from March 2008 to September 2008. After Institutional Review Board approval, all evaluable blunt trauma patients older than 15 years were evaluated by a senior resident or attending surgeon for TL spine deformity, tenderness to palpation, and neurologic deficits. Patients were followed through their hospital course to capture all TL spine injury diagnoses, all imaging performed, and any immobilization or stabilization procedures. Results: Of the 884 patients enrolled, 81 (9%) had a TL spine injury. More than half (55.6%) had two or more fractures with 30.9% having three or more. Isolated L-spine fractures occurred in 56.8%, T-spine fractures occurred in 34.6% only, and combination injuries sustained in 8.6%. The most commonly identified fractures were of the transverse process (67.9%) followed by the verterbral body (30.9%) and spinous process (12.3%). Among the 666 patients who were evaluable, 56 (8%) had a TL spine fracture. Of these, 29 (52%) had a negative clinical examination, of which 2 (7%) had clinically significant compression fractures. For evaluable patients who had localized pain or tenderness elicited on examination, although the finding triggered imaging appropriately, the site of pain correlated to the site of actual injury in only 61.5% of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination for TL spine fractures were 48.2% and 84.9%, respectively, for all fractures and 78.6% and 83.4% for those that were clinically significant. Conclusion: Clinical examination as a stand-alone screening tool for evaluation of the TL spine is inadequate. In this series, all the clinically significant missed fractures were diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) obtained for evaluation of the visceral torso. A combination of both clinical examination and CT screening based on mechanism will likely be required to ensure adequate sensitivity with an acceptable specificity for the diagnosis of clinically significant injuries of the TL spine. Further research is war-ranted, targeting the at-risk patient with a negative clinical examination, to determine what injury mechanisms warrant evaluation with a screening CT. C1 [Inaba, Kenji; Barmparas, Galinos; Barbarino, Raffaella; Talving, Peep; Lam, Lydia; Demetriades, Demetrios] Univ So Calif, Div Trauma Surg & Surg Crit Care, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [DuBose, Joseph J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Trauma Acute Care Surg & Surg Crit Care, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Reddy, Sravanthi] Univ So Calif, Dept Emergency Radiol, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Div Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Inaba, K (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Div Trauma Surg & Surg Crit Care, USC LAC Med Ctr, 1200 N State St,Inpatient Tower C,Room C5L100, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM kinaba@surgery.usc.edu RI Talving, Peep/G-8621-2015 OI Talving, Peep/0000-0002-9741-2073 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2011 VL 70 IS 1 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181d3cc6e PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 707WD UT WOS:000286320300035 PM 20489662 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, GE Gifford, SM Propper, B Spencer, JR Williams, K Jones, L Sumner, N Cowart, J Rasmussen, TE AF Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Gifford, Shaun M. Propper, Brandon Spencer, Jerry R. Williams, Ken Jones, Lyell Sumner, Nathan Cowart, Jerry Rasmussen, Todd E. TI The impact of ischemic intervals on neuromuscular recovery in a porcine (Sus scrofa) survival model of extremity vascular injury SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID REPERFUSION INJURY; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LIMB; MANAGEMENT; REGISTRY; DISEASE; SHUNTS; WAR AB Background: Despite advances in revascularization following extremity vascular injury, the relationship between time to restoration of flow and functional limb salvage is unknown. The objectives of this study are to describe a large animal survival model of hind limb ischemia/reperfusion and define neuromuscular recovery following increasing ischemic periods. Methods: Sass scrofa swine (N = 38; weight, 87 +/- 6.2 kg) were randomized to iliac artery occlusion for 0 (Control), 1 (1HR), 3 (3HR), or 6 (6HR) hours, followed by vessel repair and 14 days of recovery. Additionally, one group underwent iliac artery division with no restoration of flow (Ligation), and one group underwent iliac artery exposure only without intervention (Sham) A composite physiologic measure of recovery (PMR) was generated to assess group differences over 14 days of survival. PMR included limb function (Tarlov score) and electrophysiologic measures (compound muscle action potential amplitude, sensory nerve action potential amplitude, and nerve conduction velocity). Using the PMR and extrapolating the point at which recovery following ligation crosses the slope connecting recovery after 3 and 6 hours of ischemia, an estimate of the ischemic threshold for the hind limb is made. These results were correlated with peroneus muscle and peroneal nerve histology. Results: Baseline physiologic characteristics were similar between groups. Neuromuscular recovery in groups with early restoration of flow (Control, 1HR, 3HR) was similar and nearly complete (92%, 98%, and 88%, respectively; P>.45). While recovery was diminished in both 6HR and Ligation, Ligation, rather than repair, exhibited greater recovery (68% vs 53%; P < .05). These relationships correlated with the pathologic grade of degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis (P < .05). The PMR model predicts minimal and similar persistent loss of function in groups undergoing early surgical restoration of flow (Control 8%, 1HR 1%, 3HR 12%; P>.45). In contrast, the Ligation group exhibited the greatest degree of injury early in the reperfusion period, followed by more complete recovery and at a faster rate than 6HR. Extrapolating from the PMR the point at which Ligation (68% recovery) crosses the slope connecting 3 hours (84% recovery) and 6 hours (53% recovery) of ischemia estimates the ischemic threshold to be 4.7 hours. Restoration of flow at ischemic intervals exceeding this are associated with less physiologic recovery than ligation. Conclusion: In this model, surgical and therapeutic adjuncts to restore extremity perfusion early (1-3 hours) after extremity vascular injury are most likely to provide outcomes benefit compared with delayed restoration of flow or ligation. Furthermore, the ischemic threshold of the extremity after which neuromuscular recovery is significantly diminished is less than 5 hours. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of other factors such as shock or therapeutic measures on this ischemic threshold. (J Vasc Surg 2011;53:165-73.) Clinical Relevance: Restoration of axial flow following extremity vascular injury is ideally addressed early and definitively. However, in the setting of associated life-threatening and/or orthopedic injuries or prolonged evacuation, the importance of and decision to restore perfusion is guided by a paucity of data. This study provides new insight into the extent of neuromuscular recovery that can be expected after progressive periods of extremity ischemia, to include ligation. C1 [Rasmussen, Todd E.] USAF, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr Consortium, Div Surg Flight CC, Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Gifford, Shaun M.; Propper, Brandon] Univ Texas HSC, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Gifford, Shaun M.; Propper, Brandon; Spencer, Jerry R.; Williams, Ken; Jones, Lyell; Sumner, Nathan; Cowart, Jerry; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Genesis Concepts & Consultants, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USAF, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr Consortium, Div Surg Flight CC, Med Ctr, Wilford Hall,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil FU Office of the Surgeon General of the United States Air Force FX Supported by funding from the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States Air Force. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.07.012 PG 9 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 704WB UT WOS:000286085200023 PM 20965686 ER PT J AU Turek, NF Kasten, L Lytle, DA Goltz, MN AF Turek, Nadja F. Kasten, Linda Lytle, Darren A. Goltz, Mark N. TI Impact of plumbing age on copper levels in drinking water SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE copper; drinking water; plumbing age ID BY-PRODUCT RELEASE; NEUTRAL TAP WATER; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ORGANIC-MATTER; LEAD; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; METALS; PH AB Theory and practical experiences suggest that higher copper levels in drinking water tap samples are typically associated with newer plumbing systems, and levels decrease with increasing plumbing age. Past researchers have developed a conceptual model to explain the 'aging effect' founded in the proposed evolution of copper(II) corrosion by-products on the pipe surface, based on theoretical considerations, anecdotal evidence and some data. In this study, the impact of plumbing age on copper levels in tap water samples and the internal surface corrosion of copper plumbing were systematically evaluated in 16 buildings with plumbing ages ranging from less than one to 44 years, using solids analysis approaches including XPS and XRD. Copper levels decreased with plumbing age and supported theory. A mix of stable and relatively unstable scales appeared on pipes, including cupric hydroxide, cuprite and malachite, although no obvious trend in scale composition with age was noted. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Turek, Nadja F.] Woolpert, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. [Kasten, Linda] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.2166/aqua.2011.014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 711LA UT WOS:000286591900001 ER PT S AU Palm, WJ Marciniak, MA Perram, GP Gross, KC Bailey, WF Walters, CT AF Palm, William J. Marciniak, Michael A. Perram, Glen P. Gross, Kevin C. Bailey, William F. Walters, Craig T. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Laser-induced damage of Kapton (TM) thin films demonstrating temperature and wavelength dependent absorptance: a case study in remote-sensing material analysis SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Laser Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Spica Technol, Inc, Off Naval Res, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE Laser heating; Kapton; polyimide; spectral emittance AB Optical properties and laser damage characteristics of thin-film aluminized Kapton were investigated. Optical absorption of virgin and irradiated samples was measured from the Kapton side using a Cary 5000 Grating Spectrophotometer and an ABB/Bomem MB157S FTIR Spectrometer with a combined range of 0.2 to 15 mu m at both room-temperature and 150 degrees C. Laser-induced damage parameters of penetration time and maximum temperature were measured in a vacuum environment using an IPG Photonics continuous-wave solid-state laser operating at 1.07 mu m and an electric-discharge CO2 laser operating at 10.6 mu m. Rather large differences in damage behavior at the two wavelengths were observed due to the variability in starting absorption properties between the NIR and LWIR. A FLIR Systems Quantum Well Infrared Photometer at 8-9.2 mu m was used to remotely examine the thin-film temperature evolution based on a known LWIR band of nearly-constant emissivity. A dual-detector FTIR spectrometer was also employed during testing in order to extract spectral emittance information from high-temperature irradiation exposures. Surface emittance was found to change after the material heated past approximately 500 degrees C and during subsequent post-test cooling. This evolving spectral emittance with temperature successfully predicted increases in absorption that led to more rapid penetration times and higher heating rates at increased 1.07-mu m laser power. A simplified one-dimensional thermal conduction and radiation model replicated the remotely-sensed temperature as a function of time in tests with constant absorptance and no material breakdown. With the result of evolving emittance data, this model could be modified to capture more realistic heating trends at higher irradiances whereby damage occurs and absorption properties vary spectrally. C1 [Palm, William J.] USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Marciniak, Michael A.; Perram, Glen P.; Gross, Kevin C.; Bailey, William F.] AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Walters, Craig T.] Craig Walters Assoc, Powell, OH 43065 USA. RP Palm, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-823-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8190 AR 819009 DI 10.1117/12.899248 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYH40 UT WOS:000298790800008 ER PT S AU Seletskiy, DV Epstein, RI Sheik-Bahae, M AF Seletskiy, Denis V. Epstein, Richard I. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor BE Epstein, R SheikBahae, M TI Progress toward sub-100 Kelvin operation of an optical cryocooler SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids IV CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE laser cooling of solids; laser refrigeration; cryocooler ID LASER; REFRIGERATION; SOLIDS AB In this paper we review our recent progress in development of a ytterbium doped yttrium-lithium fluoride cryocooler. Preliminary modeling results are presented that indicate requirements on the material parameters to reach sub-100 K temperatures. C1 [Seletskiy, Denis V.; Epstein, Richard I.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Seletskiy, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM dvsunm@gmail.com RI Seletskiy, Denis/G-5523-2011 OI Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-488-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7951 AR 795103 DI 10.1117/12.879050 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWE42 UT WOS:000293739500002 ER PT S AU Paxton, AH AF Paxton, Alan H. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L TI Unstable ring resonator with bidirectional propagation through the gain medium: analysis SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control XIII CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE laser; resonator; beam rotation; field rotation; mode ID ROTATION AB Unique properties of unstable ring resonators are sometimes useful. A collimated beam in the gain medium may be desirable. Spatial hole burning is eliminated. Beam rotation may be helpful. There is a drawback, however. As usually constructed, a ring resonator has half as many passes through the gain medium as can be achieved with a standing-wave resonator. We have performed a geometrical and a wave-optics numerical simulation of a type of ring resonator that allows counter-propagating collinear passes through the gain medium, while there is also a section with a unidirectional beam. The resonator includes a polarizing beam splitter. The linear polarization is transformed to the orthogonal state by optical elements at the two ends of the region with counter-propagating beams. The wave-optics simulation treats a UR90, for which the output beam is unobscured. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8450-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7913 AR 791302 DI 10.1117/12.879854 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA84 UT WOS:000297790700001 ER PT S AU Carson, T Vretenar, N Newell, TC Peterson, P Lucas, T Latham, WP AF Carson, T. Vretenar, N. Newell, T. C. Peterson, P. Lucas, T. Latham, W. P. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI High Efficiency Yb:YAG Thin-Disk Laser at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Laser Technology for Defense and Security VII CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Laser materials; Lasers, ytterbium; Lasers, solid-state; Lasers, diode-pumped; Optical materials ID YAG; AMPLIFIERS AB Yb:YAG thin-disk laser performance at room and cryogenic (80K) temperatures is presented. The Yb: YAG gain media, which is Indium soldered to specialized CuW mounting caps, is cooled using either a pressurized R134A refrigerant system or by a two-phase liquid nitrogen spray boiler. At cryogenic temperatures spontaneous emission measurements reveal sharper transition lines and a decrease in the fluorescence lifetime. Lasing reflects that a true four-level laser. Interchangeable mounting caps allow the same Yb: YAG media to be switched between the two systems. This allows direct comparison of lasing, amplified spontaneous emission, and temperature performance at 15 degrees C and at -200 degrees C. C1 [Carson, T.; Newell, T. C.; Latham, W. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Carson, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-613-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8039 AR 80390A DI 10.1117/12.891910 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BVO30 UT WOS:000292040500005 ER PT S AU Fair, GE Kim, HJ Lee, HD Parthasarathy, TA Keller, KA Miller, ZD AF Fair, Geoff E. Kim, Hyun Jun Lee, HeeDong Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Keller, Kristin A. Miller, Zachary D. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Development of Ceramic Fibers for High Energy Laser Applications SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Laser Technology for Defense and Security VII CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Polycrystalline ceramics offer a number of advantages relative to single crystal materials such as lower processing temperatures, improved mechanical properties, and higher doping levels with more uniform distribution of dopants for improved laser performance. Ceramic YAG (Y3Al5O12) and rare earth sesquioxide (RE2O3) fibers promise to enable a number of high power laser devices via high thermal conductivity and higher allowable dopant concentration; however, these materials are not currently available as fine diameter optical-quality fibers. Powder processing approaches for laser quality polycrystalline ceramic fibers are in development at AFRL. Current processing techniques will be reviewed. The effects of a number of processing variables on the resulting fibers as well as preliminary optical characterization will also be presented. C1 [Fair, Geoff E.] USAF, Res Lab, Ceram Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ceram Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-613-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8039 AR 80390X DI 10.1117/12.886424 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BVO30 UT WOS:000292040500019 ER PT S AU Zeringue, C Vergien, C Dajani, I AF Zeringue, Clint Vergien, Chris Dajani, Iyad BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Co-pumped 130 W monolithic single frequency fiber amplifier with an optically induced thermal gradient SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Laser Technology for Defense and Security VII CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE stimulated Brillouin scattering; lasers; fiber amplifiers; laser gain competition ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; HIGH-POWER; MODE AB We present theoretical and experimental results of a 130 W continuous-wave (CW), single-frequency, 7 m, polarization-maintaining (PM) Yb:doped fiber (25/400) mu m amplifier simultaneously seeded with a combination of broadband and narrow-line signals. Experiments were performed for two thermal configurations and the SBS threshold of the doubly seeded amplifier is compared to the singly seeded case. In the first configuration, the fiber was wrapped around a cold spool held at 12 degrees C to diminish thermally induced shifts in the acoustic resonance of the fiber, which is known to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). In this case, over 80 W of single-frequency output was obtained demonstrating an enhancement of 3 dB in the SBS threshold compared to the single-tone case whereby the SBS threshold was 40 W. In the second thermal configuration, 6 m of the fiber is wrapped around the same cold spool, but approximately 1 m of the fiber is left to cool in ambient conditions. In this case, an optically induced thermal gradient was formed due to the quantum defect heating associated with power transfer from the pump and broadband seed signals into the single-frequency signal at the output end of the fiber. Over 130 W of single-frequency output was demonstrated yielding an effective increase of similar to 5 dB in the SBS threshold when compared to the single-tone case. C1 [Zeringue, Clint; Vergien, Chris; Dajani, Iyad] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-613-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8039 AR 80390I DI 10.1117/12.886154 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BVO30 UT WOS:000292040500011 ER PT J AU Zaman, RT Rajaram, N Walsh, A Oliver, J Rylander, HG Tunnell, JW Welch, AJ Mahadevan-Jansen, A AF Zaman, Raiyan T. Rajaram, Narasimhan Walsh, Alex Oliver, Jeffrey Rylander, Henry G., III Tunnell, James W. Welch, Ashley J. Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita TI Variation of Fluorescence in Tissue with Temperature SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fluorescence spectrometer system; fluorescence intensity; emission spectrum; fluorophores; pulsed nitrogen laser; NADH; collagen ID LOG-NORMAL COMPONENTS; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIVER-TISSUE; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; PEPTIDE-BOND; PROTEINS; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY AB Background and Objective: Previous studies demonstrated a decrease in fluorescence intensity as tissue temperature increased. In vitro samples were increased from room temperature and in vivo canine liver from body temperature. This study investigated variations in fluorescence intensity with temperatures starting at 14 degrees C and compared in vivo and in vitro results for consistency. Study Design/Material and Methods: A fiber optic-based noninvasive system was used to characterize the temperature effect on tissue fluorescence in hamster dorsal skin in vivo, and in sclera and cornea of enucleated pig eyes in vitro. As tissue was allowed to progress through the temperature range of 14-42 degrees C, the spectra of auto-fluorescence with respect to temperature was sampled every 1-2 minutes. A pulsed nitrogen laser was used to excite fluorescence through a fiber optic probe with a source-detector aperture separation of 370 mm. Results: Fluorescence intensity decreased as temperature increased from 14 to 42 degrees C in a phantom containing Rhodamine B dye. Results from both in vivo and in vitro tissue followed the same trend of decreasing intensity as tissue temperature increased from 14 degrees C. Spectral intensity lineshape changed around 450 nm due to absorption from tissue. Conclusion: Cooling a tissue increased fluorescence intensity of skin in vivo, in all experiments. In vitro results were consistent with in vivo measurements. Lasers Surg. Med. 43: 36-42, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Zaman, Raiyan T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Walsh, Alex; Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Oliver, Jeffrey] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Zaman, RT (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, 1 Univ Stn C0800,BME 1-344, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM raiyan_zaman@yahoo.com RI Rajaram, Narasimhan/A-2249-2010; OI Rajaram, Narasimhan/0000-0003-1224-8567; Oliver, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8226-7152 FU National Science Foundation [UTA06-688]; Caster Foundation; ASLMS FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant number: UTA06-688; Contract grant sponsor: Caster Foundation.; This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (UTA06-688) and Caster Foundation. Raiyan Zaman was a recipient of the ASLMS Travel Grant to attend and present at the Annual Conference of American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2009. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1002/lsm.21023 PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 709LU UT WOS:000286440300006 PM 21254141 ER PT J AU Anderson, D AF Anderson, Donald TI War Chatter: Collage SO MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anderson, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW PI AMHERST PA MEMORIAL HALL, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA SN 0025-4878 J9 MASS REV JI Mass. Rev. PY 2011 VL 52 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 670 EP 685 PG 16 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 854HE UT WOS:000297484800043 ER PT S AU Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, PS Parthasarathy, TA Hay, RS Cinibulk, MK Ahrens, M AF Boakye, Emmanuel E. Mogilevsky, Pavel S. Parthasarathy, T. A. Hay, Randall S. Cinibulk, Michael K. Ahrens, M. BE Singh, D Salem, J Widjaja, S TI OXIDE FIBER COATINGS FOR SILICON CARBIDE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES3 SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VI SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium / 35th International Conf and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID YTTRIUM DISILICATE POWDER; LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; MONAZITE COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GEL METHOD; GAMMA-Y2SI2O7; STABILITY; POLYMORPHISM; Y2SI2O7; SYSTEM AB The gamma-polymorph of the rare-earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) is a potential oxidation-resistant alternative to carbon or BN for CMC fiber-matrix interphases. The formation of gamma-Y2Si2O7 and gamma-Ho2Si2O7 at different temperatures and processing environments was investigated. Silica - yttrium hydroxide and silica - holmium hydroxide dispersions were made and heat-treated at 1200 - 1400 degrees C for 8 h in air. Dense pellets of Y2Si2O7 and Ho2Si2O7 were made and indented. Sections below Vickers indents were analyzed for evidence of plastic deformation. SCS-0 fibers were put in gamma-Re2Si2O7 matrix (RE = Y and Ho) and densified at 1200 degrees C/1 h using the field assisted sintering technique (FAST). Fiber push-out experiments were then conducted on these fibers. Preliminary results for characterization of deformation of gamma-RE2Si2O7 after indentation, and sliding stress values from fiber push-out are reported. C1 [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Mogilevsky, Pavel S.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hay, Randall S.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ahrens, M.] Wright State Univ, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-05987-6; 978-1-118-09535-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BEE94 UT WOS:000316347000002 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, GE Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Parthasarathy, TA Ahrens, M Godar, TJ AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. E. Boakye, E. E. Mogilevsky, P. Parthasarathy, T. A. Ahrens, M. Godar, T. J. BE Singh, D Salem, J Widjaja, S TI TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF RARE-EARTH ORTHOPHOSPHATE FIBER-MATRIX INTERPHASES THAT DEFORM BY TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY DURING FIBER PUSH-OUT SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VI SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium / 35th International Conf and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; HEAT-CAPACITY; SILICON; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; LAPO4 AB The mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites are sensitive to the stresses that develop along the fiber-matrix interface during fiber pullout. Lowering these stresses in rare-earth orthophosphate coated fibers by use of a coating that deforms easily by transformation plasticity is studied. Single-crystal alumina fibers (Saphikon (TM)) were coated with a (Gd-0.4, Dy-0.6)PO4 xenotime slurry. Polycrystalline alumina matrices were densified around the coated fibers. Deformation and the xenotime -> monazite martensitic phase transformation in the (Gd-0.4, Dy-0.6)PO4 fiber-matrix interphase were characterized by TEM after fiber push-out. The coated fibers were pushed out with stresses averaging about 30 MPa, significantly lower than those for fibers coated with orthophosphates that do not undergo a phase transformation. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Boakye, E. E.; Mogilevsky, P.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Ahrens, M.; Godar, T. J.] Wright State Univ, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-05987-6; 978-1-118-09535-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BEE94 UT WOS:000316347000003 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, GE Bouffioux, R Urban, E Morrow, J Hart, A Wilson, M AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. E. Bouffioux, R. Urban, E. Morrow, J. Hart, A. Wilson, M. BE Singh, D Salem, J Widjaja, S TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FIBER STRENGTH. PASSIVE OXIDATION AND SCALE CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF HI-NICALON (TM)-S SIC FIBERS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VI SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium / 35th International Conf and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID SILICON-CARBIDE FIBERS; LOW-OXYGEN CONTENT; THERMAL-OXIDATION; WATER-VAPOR; THIN-FILMS; HI-NICALON; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; LIQUID-PHASE; SOLID-STATE AB The strengths of Hi-Nicalon (TM)-S SiC fibers were measured after oxidation in dry air between 700 and 1400 degrees C. The oxidation and scale crystallization kinetics were also measured. Scale thickness was measured by TEM so that amorphous scale could be clearly distinguished from crystalline scale. Oxidation initially produces an amorphous scale that has significant carbon. These scales begin to crystallize to cristobalite and tridymite in 100 hours at 1000 degrees C or in one hour at 1300 degrees C. Crystallization nucleates at the scale surface with rapid growth parallel to the surface relative to through thickness. The activation energy for parabolic oxidation for uncrystallized SiO2 scale was 248 kJ/mol. The fiber strength increased by approximately 10% for SiO2 scale thickness up to similar to 100 run, and decreased for thicker scales. The onset of strength degradation was strongly correlated with crystallization of the scale. Possible mechanisms for strength increases and decreases with scale thickness are discussed. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bouffioux, R.] New Mexico Tech U, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Morrow, J.; Hart, A.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Wilson, M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 103 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-05987-6; 978-1-118-09535-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 39 EP 51 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BEE94 UT WOS:000316347000005 ER PT S AU Ojard, G Gowayed, Y Morscher, G Santhosh, U Ahmad, J Miller, R John, R AF Ojard, G. Gowayed, Y. Morscher, G. Santhosh, U. Ahmad, J. Miller, R. John, R. BE Singh, D Salem, J Widjaja, S TI FREQUENCY AND HOLD-TIME EFFECTS ON DURABILITY OF MELT-INFILTRATED SIC/SIC SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VI SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium / 35th International Conf and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE AB With the growing interest in ceramic matrix composites for multiple applications, the response of the material to service conditions needs to be understood. A range of durability assessment was undertaken on Melt Infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite. MI SiC/SiC was tested under 30 Hz fatigue, 1 Hz fatigue, dwell fatigue (2 hour hold cycle) and creep loading. The applied stresses ranged from the micro-cracking initiation point to well above the saturation stress of the material. Test temperatures included room, 815 C and 1204 C. The effects of fatigue loading frequency and dwell (hold) time on the durability of the composite are discussed. C1 [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [John, R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gowayed, Y.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Morscher, G.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Santhosh, U.; Ahmad, J.] Inc, Res Applicat, San Diego, CA 92113 USA. [Santhosh, U.] Inc, Struct Anaht, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RP Ojard, G (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) [F33615-01-C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-D04] FX The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) sponsored this work under contracts F33615-01-C-5234 and F33615-03-D-2354-D04. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-05987-6; 978-1-118-09535-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BEE94 UT WOS:000316347000010 ER PT S AU Boedeker, BH Boedeker, KA Bernhagen, MA Miller, DJ Lacy, T AF Boedeker, Ben H. Boedeker, Kirsten A. Bernhagen, Mary A. Miller, David J. Lacy, Timothy BE Westwood, JD Westwood, SW FellanderTsai, L Haluck, RS Hoffman, HM Robb, RA Senger, S Vosburgh, KG TI Battlefield Tracheal Intubation Training Using Virtual Simulation: A Multi Center Operational Assessment of Video Laryngoscope Technology SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 18 SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference / NextMed Conference CY FEB, 2011 CL Newport Beach, CA DE Videolaryngoscope; laryngoscopy; intubation ID ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION AB Airway management is an essential skill in providing care in trauma situations. The video laryngoscope is a tool which offers improvement in teaching airway management skills and in managing airways of trauma patients on the far forward battlefield. An Operational Assessment (OA) of videolaryngoscope technology for medical training and airway management was conducted by the Center for Advanced Technology and Telemedicine (at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE) for the US Air Force Modernization Command to validate this technology in the provision of Out of OR airway management and airway management training in military simulation centers. The value for both the training and performance of intubations was highly rated and the majority of respondents indicated interest in having a video laryngoscope in their facility. C1 [Boedeker, Ben H.; Miller, David J.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Boedeker, Ben H.; Boedeker, Kirsten A.; Bernhagen, Mary A.; Miller, David J.] Omaha VA Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Lacy, Timothy] US Air Force, Med Support Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Boedeker, BH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 984455 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM bboedeker@unmc.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-60750-706-2 J9 STUD HEALTH TECHNOL PY 2011 VL 163 BP 74 EP 76 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-706-2-74 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BG8CY UT WOS:000392219500016 PM 21335763 ER PT J AU Hall, AB Blake, A Wheeler, B Cromer, R AF Hall, Andrew B. Blake, Andrea Wheeler, Brad Cromer, Robert TI Possible Vicarious Contrast Excretion Causing Symptomatic Cholelithiasis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GALLBLADDER; MEDIA AB A case report of a unique malleable, rubbery, white mass found at cholecystectomy after a diagnosis of symptomatic cholelithiasis. This likely represents either a unique form of a calcium-containing or contrast-containing stone. There are no reported incidents of vicarious contrast stones and calcium-containing stones are reported to be crystalline and hard. C1 [Hall, Andrew B.; Blake, Andrea; Wheeler, Brad; Cromer, Robert] Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Hall, AB (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 176 IS 1 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 703XS UT WOS:000286015800023 PM 21305973 ER PT J AU Parnell, GS Buckley, M Ernesto, A McGrath, D Miller, M AF Parnell, Gregory S. Buckley, Mark Ernesto, Andrew McGrath, Daniel Miller, Maria TI Acquisition Program Information Assurance Assessment Model SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 [Parnell, Gregory S.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Parnell, GS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM gregory.parnell@usafa.edu FU National Security Agency FX We would like to acknowledge the outstanding support of our National Security Agency research sponsors (Michael Redgraves, COL John Levine, Mr. Kris Britton, MAJ Adontis Atkins and MAJ Charles Ruehling) and the thorough and helpful reviews of the two anonymous reviewers. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.5711/1082598316441 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 902FF UT WOS:000301023300003 ER PT J AU Strang, AJ Knott, BA Funke, GJ Russell, SM Miller, BT Dukes, AW Courtice, AM Lyons, J Brown, RD Hyson, J Bolia, RS AF Strang, Adam J. Knott, Benjamin A. Funke, Gregory J. Russell, Sheldon M. Miller, Brent T. Dukes, Allen W. Courtice, April M. Lyons, Joseph Brown, Rebecca D. Hyson, James Bolia, Robert S. TI Collaboration Technologies Improve Performance and Communication in Air Battle Management SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB Team communication is critical for Air Battle Management (ABM). In this study, two communication tools (text chat and electronic whiteboard) and two team resource aids (tabular and graphical displays) were introduced during simulated ABM to supplement radio communication. Results showed that combined chat and virtual whiteboard improved team performance, decreased number and duration of radio transmissions, but had mixed effects on workload. In addition, the graphical resource display improved team performance, decreased number and duration of radio transmissions, and reduced workload compared to the tabular display. These findings indicate that collaboration technologies introduced in this experiment may benefit military operations. C1 [Strang, Adam J.] Consortium Res Fellows Program, Alexandria, VA USA. [Knott, Benjamin A.; Funke, Gregory J.; Russell, Sheldon M.; Miller, Brent T.; Dukes, Allen W.; Courtice, April M.; Lyons, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Rebecca D.; Hyson, James] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Bolia, Robert S.] Off Naval Res Global, Tokyo, Japan. RP Strang, AJ (reprint author), AFRL 711 HPW RHCP,2255 H St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.strang.ctr@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 390 EP 409 DI 10.1080/08995605.2011.589348 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 878LP UT WOS:000299258800004 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DR Day, DV Halpin, SM AF Lindsay, Douglas R. Day, David V. Halpin, Stanley M. TI Shared Leadership in the Military: Reality, Possibility, or Pipedream? SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORK TEAMS; CONTEXT; EVENTS AB Shared leadership involves building a broader and deeper capacity for leadership that goes beyond a formally appointed leader. Several models of team leadership are reviewed, distinguishing between the leadership of teams from leadership in teams. Shared leadership is a variant of the latter in which everyone on the team is responsible for leadership and where leadership emerges through patterned interactions of team members. Overall, shared leadership appears to be a possibility for the military-and one that is needed because of the increasing complexity of missions-but efforts need to be undertaken to incorporate it into formal training and doctrine. C1 [Lindsay, Douglas R.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Day, David V.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Business, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Halpin, Stanley M.] USA, Ft Leavenworth Res Unit, Inst Behav & Social Sci, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Lindsay, DR (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L-101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM douglas.lindsay@usafa.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 15 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 SI SI BP 528 EP 549 DI 10.1080/08995605.2011.600150 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 878LS UT WOS:000299259100006 ER PT J AU Clemmons, AB Fields, D AF Clemmons, Alton B., III Fields, Dail TI Values as Determinants of the Motivation to Lead SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY FOCUS; SELF-EFFICACY; LEADERSHIP; HEXACO; ACHIEVEMENT; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; BEHAVIOR; FOLLOW; SCALE AB We examined the incremental contribution of personal values in predicting individuals' motivation to lead (MTL) in a military personnel sample (n = 231). We operationalized self-transcendence through personal values (spirituality, integrity, and willingness to serve) and self-enhancement value orientation through desire for power/achievement. In multivariate analyses, personal values made significant incremental contributions in explaining of all three forms of MTL. Personal values had the largest incremental effect in explaining noncalculative MTL. Self-enhancement values had a larger positive relationship with affective-identity and social-normative MTL than did self-transcendence values. Inversely, self-transcendence values had a significantly larger relationship with noncalculative MTL. C1 [Clemmons, Alton B., III] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Fields, Dail] Regent Univ, Sch Global Leadership & Entrepreneurship, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Clemmons, AB (reprint author), 5478-A Arnold Ave SW, Washington, DC 20032 USA. EM al.clemmons@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 6 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1080/08995605.2011.616787 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 878LW UT WOS:000299259500002 ER PT J AU Walker, ES Hook, IM Sullivan, M Howell, DA Astier, P Balland, C Basa, S Bronder, TJ Carlberg, R Conley, A Fouchez, D Guy, J Hardin, D Pain, R Perrett, K Pritchet, C Regnault, N Rich, J Aldering, G Fakhouri, HK Kronborg, T Palanque-Delabrouille, N Perlmutter, S Ruhlmann-Kleider, V Zhang, T AF Walker, E. S. Hook, I. M. Sullivan, M. Howell, D. A. Astier, P. Balland, C. Basa, S. Bronder, T. J. Carlberg, R. Conley, A. Fouchez, D. Guy, J. Hardin, D. Pain, R. Perrett, K. Pritchet, C. Regnault, N. Rich, J. Aldering, G. Fakhouri, H. K. Kronborg, T. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Perlmutter, S. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Zhang, T. TI Supernova Legacy Survey: using spectral signatures to improve Type Ia supernovae as distance indicators SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; supernovae: general ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; PRECISE DISTANCE; HOST GALAXIES; DARK ENERGY; SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION; ULTRAVIOLET AB Optical long-slit spectroscopy at the Gemini-North telescope using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) was used to classify targets from the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) from 2005 July and 2006 May-2008 May. During this time, 95 objects were observed. Where possible, the objects' redshifts (z) were measured from narrow emission or absorption features in the host galaxy spectrum, otherwise they were measured from the broader supernova features. We present spectra of 68 confirmed or probable SNe Ia from SNLS with redshifts in the range 0.17 < z < 1.02. In combination with earlier SNLS Gemini and VLT spectra, we used these new observations to measure pseudo-equivalent widths (EWs) of three spectral features - Ca ii H&K, Si ii and Mg ii - in 144 objects and compared them to the EWs of low-redshift SNe Ia from a sample drawn from the literature. No signs of changes with z are seen for the Ca ii H&K and Mg ii features. Systematically lower EW Si ii is seen at high redshift, but this can be explained by a change in demographics of the SNe Ia population within a two-component model combined with an observed correlation between EW Si ii and photometric light-curve stretch. C1 [Walker, E. S.; Hook, I. M.; Sullivan, M.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Walker, E. S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Walker, E. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Hook, I. M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Howell, D. A.] Global Telescope Network, Las Cumbres Observ, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Howell, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Astier, P.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Kronborg, T.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Balland, C.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Balland, C.; Basa, S.; Zhang, T.] CNRS, LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Bronder, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Carlberg, R.; Perrett, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Conley, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fouchez, D.] CNRS Marseille Luminy, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Perrett, K.] DRDC Ottawa, Netowrk Informat Operat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. [Pritchet, C.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Rich, J.; Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu Spp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Aldering, G.; Fakhouri, H. K.; Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walker, ES (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM emma.walker@sns.it RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council; ASI [I/016/07/0]; Alberta-Bart Holaday; Royal Society FX We gratefully acknowledge the Gemini queue observers and support staff for taking all the SNLS Gemini data. This work is based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog e Innovacin Productiva (Argentina). This work is also based in part on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the CFHT which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Universe of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. The work also makes use of SUSPECT, the Online Supernova Spectrum Archive. ESW acknowledges the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council and ASI contract I/016/07/0; TJB acknowledges the support of the Alberta-Bart Holaday scholarship and MS acknowledges support from the Royal Society. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 410 IS 2 BP 1262 EP 1282 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17519.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700TA UT WOS:000285766000041 ER PT S AU Sanchez, AD AF Sanchez, Anthony D. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Temperature effects of an all-fiber polarization maintaining Ytterbium optical amplifier SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments V (NMSE) CY AUG 22-23, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fiber optics; fiber laser; fiber amplifier; all-fiber components; double clad fiber combiner ID LASERS AB An overview of recent fiber based component developments is presented that lead to robust all-fiber lasers and optical amplifiers. Critical issues impacting the integration of high power rare earth doped optical amplifiers are presented. The optical performance of key fiber components is reported with emphasis on temperature effects of a monolithically integrated multi-Watt, single mode, Polarization Maintaining (PM), Ytterbium (Yb) doped double clad optical amplifier. Performance of an all-fiber optical amplifier design that integrates two fiber coupled laser diode pumps and one PM Yb double clad feed through fiber directly in to a combiner is reported. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sanchez, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-774-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8164 AR 81640L DI 10.1117/12.895094 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BXZ24 UT WOS:000297674100020 ER PT J AU Schaeublin, NM Braydich-Stolle, LK Schrand, AM Miller, JM Hutchison, J Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Schaeublin, Nicole M. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Schrand, Amanda M. Miller, John M. Hutchison, Jim Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Surface charge of gold nanoparticles mediates mechanism of toxicity SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; IN-VITRO; CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; SUPEROXIDE; PEROXYNITRITE; PARTICLES; APOPTOSIS; DAMAGE AB Recently gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have shown promising biological and military applications due to their unique electronic and optical properties. However, little is known about their biocompatibility in the event that they come into contact with a biological system. In the present study, we have investigated whether modulating the surface charge of 1.5 nm Au NPs induced changes in cellular morphology, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular calcium levels, DNA damage-related gene expression, and of p53 and caspase-3 expression levels after exposure in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The evaluation of three different Au NPs (positively charged, neutral, and negatively charged) showed that cell morphology was disrupted by all three NPs and that they demonstrated a dose-dependent toxicity; the charged Au NPs displayed toxicity as low as 10 mu g ml(-1) and the neutral at 25 mu g ml(-1). Furthermore, there was significant mitochondrial stress (decreases in MMP and intracellular Ca(2+) levels) following exposure to the charged Au NPs, but not the neutral Au NPs. In addition to the differences observed in the MMP and Ca(2+) levels, up or down regulation of DNA damage related gene expression suggested a differential cell death mechanism based on whether or not the Au NPs were charged or neutral. Additionally, increased nuclear localization of p53 and caspase-3 expression was observed in cells exposed to the charged Au NPs, while the neutral Au NPs caused an increase in both nuclear and cytoplasmic p53 expression. In conclusion, these results indicate that surface charge is a major determinant of how Au NPs impact cellular processes, with the charged NPs inducing cell death through apoptosis and neutral NPs leading to necrosis. C1 [Schaeublin, Nicole M.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, John M.; Hutchison, Jim] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,Area B, 711 Human Performance Wing,R St,BLDG 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil FU AFSG; Henry M Jackson Foundation; Defense Threat Reduction Agency- National Research Council FX The authors would like to thank Col Patricia Reilly for her strong support and encouragement for this research. They would also like to thank Mr. Timothy Reid for performing the ICP-MS samples. This work was supported through the AFSG funding. Ms. Schaeublin and Dr. Braydich-Stolle are funded through the Henry M Jackson Foundation and Dr. Schrand a post-doctoral fellowship from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency- National Research Council. NR 40 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 410 EP 420 DI 10.1039/c0nr00478b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 721OE UT WOS:000287363500008 PM 21229159 ER PT J AU Pacardo, DB Slocik, JM Kirk, KC Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Pacardo, Dennis B. Slocik, Joseph M. Kirk, Kyle C. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Interrogating the catalytic mechanism of nanoparticle mediated Stille coupling reactions employing bio-inspired Pd nanocatalysts SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-FREE PALLADIUM; DENDRIMER-ENCAPSULATED NANOPARTICLES; HECK REACTIONS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; HYDROGENATION; SIZE; GOLD AB To address issues concerning the global environmental and energy state, new catalytic technologies must be developed that translate ambient and efficient conditions to heavily used reactions. To achieve this, the structure/function relationship between model catalysts and individual reactions must be critically discerned to identify structural motifs responsible for the reactivity. This is especially true for nanoparticle-based systems where this level of information remains limited. Here we present evidence indicating that peptide-capped Pd nanoparticles drive Stille C-C coupling reactions via Pd atom leaching. Through a series of reaction studies, the materials are shown to be optimized for reactivity under ambient conditions where increases in temperature or catalyst concentration deactivate reactivity due to the leaching process. A quartz crystal microbalance analysis demonstrates that Pd leaching occurs during the initial oxidative addition step at the nanoparticle surface by aryl halides. Together, this suggests that peptide-based materials may be optimally suited for use as model systems to isolate structural motifs responsible for the generation of catalytically reactive materials under ambient synthetic conditions. C1 [Pacardo, Dennis B.; Kirk, Kyle C.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, 101 Chem Phys Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM mrknec2@email.uky.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1033334]; AFOSR; American Chemical Society FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-1033334 (MK) and AFOSR (RN). Further acknowledgement is made to the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research (MK). NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 5 BP 2194 EP 2201 DI 10.1039/c1nr10089k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 763CN UT WOS:000290531500038 PM 21455527 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Roy, AK Froudakis, G Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Roy, Ajit K. Froudakis, George Farmer, Barry L. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of thermal transport in porous nanotube network structures SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HEAT-CONDUCTION; Y-JUNCTIONS; ION-BEAMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEFORMATION; GRAPHENE; LOGIC AB Carbon nanotube based 3D nanostructures have shown a lot of promise towards designing next generation of multi-functional systems, such as nano-electronic devices. Motivated by their recent successful experimental synthesis as well as characterization, and realizing that thermal dissipation is an important concern in proposed devices because of ever-increasing power density, we have investigated the phononic thermal transport behavior in 3D porous nanotube network structures using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Based on our study, the length scale associated with the distance between nanotube junctions emerges as the most dominating parameter that governs phonon scattering (hence the characteristic mean free path) and the heat flow in these nanostructures at molecular length scales. However, because of their spatial inhomogeneity, we show that the aerial density of carbon nanotubes (normal to heat flow) is also of critical importance in determining their system-level thermal conductivity. Based on our findings, we postulate that both parameters should be considered while designing nano-devices where thermal management is relevant. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Froudakis, George] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion, Greece. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/RSA); Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-D-5800-20] FX The authors thank Dr Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/RSA) and Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract No# FA8650-07-D-5800-20) for the financial support for this study. The authors also thank A. Henry for implementing the AIREBO potential in LAMMPS MD package. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 9 BP 3679 EP 3684 DI 10.1039/c1nr10331h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 814QS UT WOS:000294472600034 PM 21808788 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Hong, Y Muratore, C Su, M Voevodin, AA AF Hu, Jianjun Hong, Yan Muratore, Chris Su, Ming Voevodin, Andrey A. TI In situ transmission electron microscopy of solid-liquid phase transition of silica encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; HEAT-TRANSFER; PARTICLES; GOLD AB The solid-liquid phase transition of silica encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles was studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles were prepared by a two-step chemical synthesis process involving thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors for nucleating bismuth and a sol-gel process for growing silica. The microstructural and chemical analyses of the nanoparticles were performed using high-resolution TEM, Z-contrast imaging, focused ion beam milling, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Solid-liquid-solid phase transitions of the nanoparticles were directly recorded by electron diffractions and TEM images. The silica encapsulation of the nanoparticles prevented agglomeration and allowed particles to preserve their original volume upon melting, which is desirable for applications of phase change nanoparticles with consistently repeatable thermal properties. C1 [Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hong, Yan; Su, Ming] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Hu, Jianjun; Muratore, Chris; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Su, Ming/F-4001-2014 FU The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support, and Dr R. Wheeler and S. Apt of UES, Inc. (Microstructure Characterization Facility at AFRL/RX) are thankfully acknowledged for assisting on TEM and FIB experiments. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 9 BP 3700 EP 3704 DI 10.1039/c1nr10394f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 814QS UT WOS:000294472600037 PM 21796304 ER PT J AU Tsai, CC Mikes, P Andrukh, T White, E Monaenkova, D Burtovyy, O Burtovyy, R Rubin, B Lukas, D Luzinov, I Owens, JR Kornev, KG AF Tsai, Chen-Chih Mikes, Petr Andrukh, Taras White, Edgar Monaenkova, Daria Burtovyy, Oleksandr Burtovyy, Ruslan Rubin, Binyamin Lukas, David Luzinov, Igor Owens, Jeffery R. Kornev, Konstantin G. TI Nanoporous artificial proboscis for probing minute amount of liquids SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); ELECTROSPUN FIBERS; NANOFIBER YARNS; PHASE CONTENT; EXTRACTION; PARTICLES; MECHANISM; MEMBRANE; NOZZLES; SOLVENT AB We describe a method of fabrication of nanoporous flexible probes which work as artificial proboscises. The challenge of making probes with fast absorption rates and good retention capacity was addressed theoretically and experimentally. This work shows that the probe should possess two levels of pore hierarchy: nanopores are needed to enhance the capillary action and micrometer pores are required to speed up fluid transport. The model of controlled fluid absorption was verified in experiments. We also demonstrated that the artificial proboscises can be remotely controlled by electric or magnetic fields. Using an artificial proboscis, one can approach a drop of hazardous liquid, absorb it and safely deliver it to an analytical device. With these materials, the paradigm of a stationary microfluidic platform can be shifted to the flexible structures that would allow one to pack multiple microfluidic sensors into a single fiber. C1 [Tsai, Chen-Chih; Andrukh, Taras; White, Edgar; Monaenkova, Daria; Burtovyy, Oleksandr; Burtovyy, Ruslan; Rubin, Binyamin; Luzinov, Igor; Kornev, Konstantin G.] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mikes, Petr; Lukas, David] Tech Univ Liberec, Fac Text Engn, Liberec 46117, Czech Republic. [Owens, Jeffery R.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Tech Div, Airbase Sci Branch, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. RP Kornev, KG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 161 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM kkornev@clemson.edu OI Lukas, David/0000-0003-4037-6435 FU NSF [CMMI-0826067, CMMI-0825773, EFRI 0937985]; U.S. Air Force [FA8650-09-D-5900]; Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic [(BV II/2-VS) 1656] FX We acknowledge the support from NSF grants CMMI-0826067 and CMMI-0825773, EFRI 0937985, and the U.S. Air Force contract FA8650-09-D-5900. D. Lukas and P. Mikes acknowledge the support from The Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, grant no. (BV II/2-VS) 1656. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 11 BP 4685 EP 4695 DI 10.1039/c1nr10773a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 843FZ UT WOS:000296659000030 PM 21994037 ER PT J AU Speshock, JL Braydich-Stolle, LK Szymanski, ER Hussain, SM AF Speshock, Janice L. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Szymanski, Eric R. Hussain, Saber M. TI Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Alter Cathepsin Activity In vitro SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MHC CLASS-II; STEM-CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; NA,K-ATPASE; TOXICITY AB Nanomaterials are being incorporated into many biological applications for use as therapeutics, sensors, or labels. Silver nanomaterials are being utilized for biological implants and wound dressings as an antiviral material, whereas gold nanomaterials are being used as biological labels or sensors due to their surface properties and biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity data of these materials are becoming more prevalent; however, little research has been performed to understand how the introduction of these materials into cells affects cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate the impact that silver and gold nanoparticles have on cathepsin activity in vitro. Cathepsins are important cellular proteases that are imperative for proper immune system function. We have selected to examine gold and silver nanoparticles due to the increased use of these materials in biological applications. This manuscript depicts how both of these types of nanomaterials affect cathepsin activity, which could impact the host's immune system and its ability to respond to pathogens. Cathepsin B activity decreases in a dose-dependent manner with all nanoparticles tested. Alternatively, the impact of nanoparticles on cathepsin L activity depends greatly on the type and size of the material. C1 [Speshock, Janice L.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Szymanski, Eric R.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab HPW RHPB 711,Area B,R ST, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Szymanski, Eric R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab HPW RHPB 711,Area B,R ST, 711th Human Performance Wing,Bldg 837, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); JSTO-NRC FX We would like to thank the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for funding the project, the JSTO-NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for supporting Dr. Janice Speshock, the STEP summer student program for supporting Mr. Szymanski, and the Henry Jackson Foundation for funding Dr. Braydich-Stolle. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PY 2011 VL 6 AR 17 DI 10.1007/s11671-010-9746-3 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 744OP UT WOS:000289104200017 PM 27502641 ER PT B AU Al-Rjoub, MF Roy, AK Ganguli, S Banerjee, RK AF Al-Rjoub, Marwan F. Roy, Ajit K. Ganguli, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Rupak K. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Hot spots active-cooling micro-channel heat sink device, using electro-osmotic flow SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011: ELECTRONICS, DEVICES, FABRICATION, MEMS, FLUIDICS AND COMPUTATIONAL, NSTI-NANOTECH 2011, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, European Patent Off, Greenberg Traurig, Innovat & Mat Sci Inst, Jackson Walker LLP, Linde Nanomaterials, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Nano Tech Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanpolis Suzhou, Suzhou Nanotech Co Ltd, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Fraunhofer, Res Germany, TechConnect, Technol Innovat Program, Canadian Trade Commiss Serv, Italian Trade Commiss DE Electro-osmotic flow; Micro-scale heat exchanger; Hot spot cooling; zeta-potential AB Non-uniform heat flux generated by microchips causes "hot spots" in very small areas on the microchip surface. These hot spots are generated by the logic blocks in the microchip bay; however, memory blocks generate lower heat flux in contrast. The goal of this research is to design, fabricate, and test an active cooling, micro-channel heat sink device that can operate under atmospheric pressure while achieving a high-heat dissipation rate with a reduced chip-backside volume, particularly for spot cooling applications. An experimental setup was assembled and electro-osmotic flow (EOF) was used thus eliminating the high pressure pumping system. A flow rate of 82 mu L/min was achieved at 400 V of applied EOF voltage. An increase in the cooling fluid (buffer) temperature of 9.6 degrees C, 29.9 degrees C, 54.3 degrees C, and 80.1 degrees C was achieved for 0.4 W, 1.2 W, 2.1 W, and 4 W of heating powers, respectively. The substrate temperature at the middle of the microchannel was below 80.5 degrees C for all input power values. Numerical calculations of temperatures and flow were conducted and the results were compared to experimental data. Nusselt number (Nu) for the 4 W case reached a maximum of 5.48 at the channel entrance and decreased to reach 4.56 for the rest of the channel. Nu number for EOF was about 10% higher when compared to the pressure-driven flow. It was found that using a shorter channel length and an EOF voltage in the range of 400-600 V allows application of a heat flux in the order of 10(4) W/m(2), applicable to spot cooling. For elevated voltages, the velocity due to EOF increased, leading to an increase in total heat transfer for a fixed duration of time; however, the joule heating was also elevated with increase in voltage. C1 [Al-Rjoub, Marwan F.; Banerjee, Rupak K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.; Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Al-Rjoub, MF (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7139-3 PY 2011 BP 508 EP 511 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BG9XB UT WOS:000394060800129 ER PT J AU Courtney, MW Courtney, AC AF Courtney, Michael W. Courtney, Amy C. TI Working toward exposure thresholds for blast-induced traumatic brain injury: Thoracic and acceleration mechanisms SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Blast injury; Traumatic brain injury; TBI; Behind armor blunt trauma; Blast wave; Ballistic pressure wave ID PRESSURE WAVE INJURIES; MISSILE EXTREMITY IMPACT; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ARMOR BLUNT TRAUMA; INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA; HUMAN TORSO; PIGS; IRAQ; INVOLVEMENT; VELOCITY AB Research in blast-induced lung injury resulted in exposure thresholds that are useful in understanding and protecting humans from such injury. Because traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to blast exposure has become a prominent medical and military problem, similar thresholds should be identified that can put available research results in context and guide future research toward protecting war fighters as well as diagnosis and treatment. At least three mechanical mechanisms by which the blast wave may result in brain injury have been proposed-a thoracic mechanism, head acceleration, and direct cranial transmission. These mechanisms need not be mutually exclusive. In this study, likely regions of interest for the first two mechanisms based on blast characteristics (positive pulse duration and peak effective overpressure) are developed using available data from blast experiments and related studies, including behind-armor blunt trauma and ballistic pressure wave studies. These related studies are appropriate to include because blast-like pressure waves are produced that result in neurological effects like those caused by blast. Results suggest that injury thresholds for each mechanism are dependent on blast conditions, and that under some conditions, more than one mechanismmay contribute. There is a subset of blast conditions likely to result in TBI due to head acceleration and/or a thoracic mechanism without concomitant lung injury. These results can be used to guide experimental designs and compare additional data as they become available. Additional data are needed before actual probabilities or severity of TBI for a given exposure can be described. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Courtney, Michael W.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Courtney, Amy C.] Force Protect Ind Inc, Ladson, SC 29456 USA. RP Courtney, MW (reprint author), BTG Res, POB 62541, Colorado Springs, CO 80962 USA. EM Michael.Courtney@usafa.edua; amy_courtney@post.harvard.edu NR 65 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S55 EP S61 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.025 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 813ZF UT WOS:000294408600008 PM 20483376 ER PT B AU Kahn, L AF Kahn, Leonard BE Brooks, T TI Conflict, Regret, and Modern Moral Philosophy SO NEW WAVES IN ETHICS SE New Waves in Philosophy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kahn, L (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-23276-1; 978-0-230-30588-5; 978-0-230-23275-4 J9 NEW WAVES PHILOS PY 2011 BP 7 EP 27 D2 10.1057/9780230305885 PG 21 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA BB4BO UT WOS:000343131200003 ER PT S AU Jespersen, ML Mirau, PA von Meerwall, E Vaia, RA Rodriguez, R Fernandes, NJ Giannelis, EP AF Jespersen, Michael L. Mirau, Peter A. von Meerwall, Ernst Vaia, Richard A. Rodriguez, Robert Fernandes, Nikhil J. Giannelis, Emmanuel P. BE Cheng, HN Asakura, T English, AD TI NMR Characterization of Canopy Dynamics in Nanoscale Ionic Materials SO NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYMERS: INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX MACROMOLECULES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium at the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem) CY DEC 17-21, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Agilent Technologies, Bruker Corp, Chlorella Ind Co Ltd, Japan Med Mat Co, JOEL Ltd, MR Resources, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, New Era Enterprises, REC Mat Inc ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIQUID-LIKE BEHAVIOR; MODEL-FREE APPROACH; NANOPARTICLES; DIFFUSION; MACROMOLECULES; POLYDISPERSITY; RELAXATION; NANOFLUIDS; FLUIDS AB Nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs) are organic-inorganic hybrids in which a core nanoparticle is functionalized with a covalently attached corona and an ionically tethered polymer canopy. NIMs exhibit liquid-like character under ambient conditions in the absence of solvent and are of interest for a variety of applications. We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and pulsed-field gradient (PFG) diffusion experiments to measure the canopy dynamics of NIMs prepared from 18-nm silica nanoparticles. NMR studies show that the fast (ns) local dynamics of the canopy are insensitive to the presence of the silica nanoparticles. Canopy diffusion in the NIMs is slowed relative to the neat copolymer, but not all canopy molecules are slowed equally due to crowding at the nanoparticle surface, resulting in a strongly bound fraction at the surface and a weakly bound outer sphere. Electrostatic interactions with other ionic (Na+) species alter the dynamics by screening interactions with the nanoparticle. C1 [Jespersen, Michael L.; Mirau, Peter A.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [von Meerwall, Ernst] Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Rodriguez, Robert; Fernandes, Nikhil J.; Giannelis, Emmanuel P.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rodriguez, Robert] Intel Corp, Hillsoboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Jespersen, ML (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2667-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1077 BP 149 EP + PG 3 WC Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BDE75 UT WOS:000312965300009 ER PT S AU Dajani, I Vergien, C Zeringue, C Robin, C AF Dajani, Iyad Vergien, Christopher Zeringue, Clint Robin, Craig BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Analysis of single frequency Raman amplifier for guide star application SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications X CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Raman amplifier; stimulated Brillouin scattering; stimulated Raman scattering ID FIBER; LASER AB We present theoretical and experimental results on the scalability of amplifying a single-frequency diode laser operating at 1178 nm through the utilization of a core pumped Raman fiber amplifier. A model that accounts for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in both co-pumped and counter-pumped configurations is developed. In order to mitigate the SBS process, a multi-step temperature distribution that is spatially optimized along the length of fiber is investigated numerically. We also present preliminary experimental results on a co-pumped Raman amplifier with an output power of 12 W and a measured Brillouin gain coefficient of approximately 1.2x10(-11) m/W. C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Vergien, Christopher; Zeringue, Clint; Robin, Craig] USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM iyad.dajani@kirtland.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8454-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7917 AR 79171W DI 10.1117/12.875857 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BYA76 UT WOS:000297785600058 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, LP Upchurch, DC Barnes, JO Schunemann, PG Mohnkern, L Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Upchurch, Derek C. Barnes, Jacob O. Schunemann, Peter G. Mohnkern, Lee Guha, Shekhar BE Vodopyanov, KL TI Frequency Doubling of a CO(2) Laser Using Orientation Patterned GaAs SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications X CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optics; frequency conversion; second harmonic generation ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB High efficiency second harmonic generation of a pulsed TEA CO(2) laser operating at 9.569 mu m was demonstrated in a quasi-phase-matched GaAs structure, 1.48 mm thick, 39.7 mm long and 8.3 mm wide, and having a grating period of 219.6 mu m. The structure was grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and was dual-band anti-reflection coated on both entrance and exit surfaces. Energy of 1.2 mJ was obtained at 4.78 mu m from single pass conversion with incident energy of 2.56 mJ. C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Upchurch, Derek C.; Barnes, Jacob O.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8454-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7917 AR 79171H DI 10.1117/12.879273 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BYA76 UT WOS:000297785600046 ER PT B AU Siegel, SG Romer, M Imamura, J Fagley, C McLaughlin, T AF Siegel, Stefan G. Roemer, Marcus Imamura, John Fagley, Casey McLaughlin, Thomas GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL WAVE GENERATION AND CANCELLATION WITH A CYCLOIDAL WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 5: OCEAN SPACE UTILIZATION ; OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB We investigate a lift based wave energy converter (WEC), namely, a cycloidal turbine, as a wave termination device. A cycloidal turbine employs the same geometry as the well established Cycloidal or Voith-Schneider Propeller. The main shaft is aligned parallel to the wave crests and fully submerged at a fixed depth. We show that the geometry of the Cycloidal WEC is suitable for single sided wave generation as well as wave termination of straight crested waves using feedback control. The cycloidal WEC consists of a shaft and one or more hydrofoils that are attached eccentrically to the main shaft An experimental investigation into the wave generation capabilities of the WEC are presented in this paper; along with initial wave cancellation results for deep water waves. The experiments are conducted in a small 2D wave flume equipped with a flap type wave maker as well as a 1:4 sloped beach. The operation of the Cycloidal WEC both as a wave generator as well as a wave energy converter interacting with a linear Airy wave is demonstrated. The influence that design parameters radius and submergence depth on the performance of the WEC have is shown. For wave cancellation, the incoming wave is reduced in amplitude by approximate to 80% in these experiments. In this case wave termination efficiencies of up to 95% of the incoming wave energy with neglegible harmonic waves generated are achieved by synchronizing the rotational rate and phase of the Cycloidal WEC to the incoming wave. C1 [Siegel, Stefan G.; Roemer, Marcus; Imamura, John; Fagley, Casey; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, AF Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, AF Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM stefan@siegels.us NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4437-3 PY 2011 BP 347 EP 357 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT21 UT WOS:000314736400044 ER PT B AU Imamura, JT Siegel, SG Fagley, C McLaughlin, T AF Imamura, John T. Siegel, Stefan G. Fagley, Casey McLaughlin, Tom GP ASME TI CANCELLATION OF NON-HARMONIC WAVES USING A CYCLOIDAL TURBINE SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 5: OCEAN SPACE UTILIZATION ; OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB We computationally investigate the ability of a cycloidal turbine to cancel two-dimensional non-harmonic waves in deep water. A cycloidal turbine employs the same geometry as the well established Cycloidal or Voith-Schneider Propeller. It consists of a shaft and one or more hydrofoils that are attached eccentrically to the main shaft and can be independently adjusted in pitch angle as the cycloidal turbine rotates. We simulate the cycloidal turbine interaction with incoming waves by viewing the turbine as a wave generator superimposed with the incoming flow. The generated waves ideally are 180 degrees out of phase and cancel the incoming wave downstream of the turbine. The upstream wave is very small as generation of single-sided waves is a characteristic of the cycloidal turbine as has been shown in prior work. The superposition of the incoming wave and generated wave is investigated in the far-field and we model the hydrofoil as a point vortex. This model has previously been used to successfully terminate regular deep water waves as well as intermediate depth water waves. We explore the ability of this model to cancel non-harmonic waves. Near complete cancellation is possible for a non-harmonic wave with components designed to match those generated by the cycloidal turbine for specified parameters. Cancellation of a specific wave component of a multi-component system is also shown. Also, step changes in the device operating parameters of circulation strength, rotation rate, and submergence depth are explored to give insight to the cycloidal turbine response characteristics and adaptability to changes in incoming waves. Based on these studies a linear, time-invarient (LTI) model is developed which captures the steady state wave frequency response. Such a model can be used for control development in efforts to efficiently cancel more complex incoming waves. C1 [Imamura, John T.; Siegel, Stefan G.; Fagley, Casey; McLaughlin, Tom] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Air Force Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Imamura, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Air Force Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM john.imamura@usafa.edu; stefan@siegels.us NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4437-3 PY 2011 BP 385 EP 393 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT21 UT WOS:000314736400048 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Dearborn, ME McHarg, MG Harvey, J AF Andersen, Geoff Dearborn, Michael E. McHarg, Matthew G. Harvey, Jeff BE Mazuray, L Wartmann, R Wood, A Tissot, JLM Raynor, JM TI Membrane Photon Sieve Telescope SO OPTICAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Design and Engineering IV CY SEP 05-08, 2011 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, POPsud - Optitec, Communaute Urbaine Marseille Provence Metropole, Ville Marseille DE Space telescopes; lightweight optics; diffractive optics ID MODEL AB We have developed diffractive primaries in flat membranes for space-based imagery. They are an attractive approach in that they are much simple to fabricate, launch and deploy compared to conventional three-dimensional optical structures. In this talk we highlight the design of a photon sieve which consists of a large number of holes in an otherwise opaque substrate. We present both theoretical and experimental results from small-scale prototypes and key solutions to issues of limited bandwidth and efficiency that have been addressed. Our current efforts are being directed towards an on-orbit 0.2m solar observatory demonstration deployed from a 3U CubeSat bus. C1 [Andersen, Geoff; Dearborn, Michael E.; McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr Ste2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-793-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8167 AR 816714 DI 10.1117/12.898186 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BZA64 UT WOS:000300931600034 ER PT S AU Grundt, JE Roth, CC Rivest, BD Doroski, ML Payne, J Ibey, BL Wilmink, GJ AF Grundt, Jessica E. Roth, Caleb C. Rivest, Benjamin D. Doroski, Michael L. Payne, Jason Ibey, Bennett L. Wilmink, Gerald J. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Gene Expression Profile of Jurkat Cells Exposed to High-Power Terahertz Radiation SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXII CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE terahertz; THz; biomarkers; gene expression; heat shock; hyperthermic; tissue; applications ID NITRIC-OXIDE FREQUENCIES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EGR-1; NF-KAPPA-B; ALBINO RATS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; C-FOS; GROWTH; STRESS; BCL6; DIFFERENTIATION AB Terahertz (THz) radiation sources are now being used in a host of military, defense, and medical applications. Widespread employment of these applications has prompted concerns regarding the health effects associated with THz radiation. In this study, we examined the gene expression profile of mammalian cells exposed to THz radiation. We hypothesized that if THz radiation couples directly to cellular constituents, then exposed cells may express a specific gene expression profile indicative of ensuing damage. To test this hypothesis, Jurkat cells were irradiated with a molecular gas THz laser (2.52 THz, 636 mWcm(-2), durations: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 minutes). Viability was assessed 24 h post-exposure using MTT assays, and gene expression profiles were evaluated 4 h post-exposure using mRNA microarrays. Comparable analyses were also performed for hyperthermic positive controls (44 degrees CC for 40 minutes). We found that cellular temperatures increased by similar to 6 degrees C during THz exposures. We also found that cell death increased with exposure duration, and the median lethal dose (LD(50)) was calculated to be similar to 44 minutes. The microarray data showed that THz radiation induced the transcriptional activation of genes associated with cellular proliferation, differentiation, transcriptional activation, chaperone protein stabilization, and apoptosis. For most genes, we found that the magnitude of differential expression was comparable for both the THz and thermal exposure groups; however, several genes were specifically activated by the THz exposure. These results suggest that THz radiation may elicit effects that are not exclusively due to the temperature rise created during THz exposures (i.e. thermal effects). In future work, we plan to verify the results of our microarray experiments using qPCR techniques. C1 [Grundt, Jessica E.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Doroski, Michael L.; Payne, Jason; Ibey, Bennett L.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Grundt, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8434-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7897 AR 78970E DI 10.1117/12.874255 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXY63 UT WOS:000297631800009 ER PT S AU Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Stoltenberg, KE AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Dymale, Raymond C. Stoltenberg, Kurt E. BE Lewis, C Burgess, D Zamboni, R Kajzar, F Szep, AA Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG TI Free-space quantum key distribution with spatial modes of the optical field SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR COUNTERTERRORISM AND CRIME FIGHTING VII OPTICAL MATERIALS IN DEFENCE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY VIII AND QUANTUM-PHYSICS-BASED INFORMATION SECURITY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism and Crime Fighting VII/Optical Materials in Defence Systems Technology VIII/Quantum-Physics-Based Information Security CY SEP 19-21, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE quantum key distribution; optical vortices; photon orbital angular momentum; computer-generated holography; volume holography; spatial light modulators; projective quantum measurements ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; TURBULENCE; SECURITY AB The scalar attributes of the optical field are considered as an approach to enhancing bit rates in quantum key distribution over free-space optical links The implications of spatial-mode encoding to system aperture requirements are considered for rectilinear and azimuthal bases of phase modulation. Diffractive-optics-based approaches to generating and discriminating photons based on spatial mode characteristics are quantified through analysis and experimentation Spatial modes based on phase modulation are generated via modulo-In phase modulation with a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC SLM). The phase and amplitude modulation associated with superpositions of phase modulated fields are achieved via computer-generated holography with single LC SLM. Transmission volume holograms are evaluated as a technique for de-multiplexing phase modulated modes and cascaded volume holograms are considered as an approach to performing projective measurements on optical fields. C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research. FX We gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Samuel Gasster, Glenn Tyler, and Robert Boyd. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-817-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8189 AR 81891B DI 10.1117/12.898926 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXY58 UT WOS:000297629200036 ER PT S AU Murray-Krezan, J Dayton, D Allen, J Gonglewski, J Myers, M Nolasco, R Fertig, G AF Murray-Krezan, Jeremy Dayton, David Allen, Jeffery Gonglewski, John Myers, Michael Nolasco, Rudolph Fertig, Gregory BE Stein, K Gonglewski, JD TI Investigations of SNR for a Short-Wave Infrared Intensity Interferometer SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIV CY SEP 20, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE ID COHERENT BEAMS; LIGHT; FLUCTUATIONS; PHOTONS; SIRIUS AB Intensity interferometery holds tremendous potential for remote sensing of space objects. Whereas spatial resolution of imagery obtained from earth-based observatories is typically limited by both the size of the primary mirror and atmospheric effects, intensity interferometers (IIs) are relatively unaffected by atmospheric distortions and their effective apertures can be substantially larger than is practical for traditional observatories. Most intensity interferometer measurements have been performed in the visible region due to well-known issues of poor signal to noise ratios and the performance of detectors in the visible spectral bands. In fact the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral band is relatively unexplored for II applications. In this paper we investigate the measurement signal to noise terms for a notional SWIR intensity interferometer. Our study goes beyond the most basic SNR equations of II, and analyzes atmospheric effects, sky backgrounds, and detector characteristics, considering the current state-of-the-art for experiments in the short-wave infrared spectral region. C1 [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] USAF, Res Lab, RVBYB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Murray-Krezan, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBYB, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-805-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8178 AR 817804 DI 10.1117/12.899887 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BYA83 UT WOS:000297790100003 ER PT J AU Moody, JD VanDerveer, D Smith, DW Iacono, ST AF Moody, Justin D. VanDerveer, Don Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Iacono, Scott T. TI Synthesis of internal fluorinated alkenes via facile aryloxylation of substituted phenols with aryl trifluorovinyl ethers SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; CHEMISTRY; HEXAFLUOROPROPENE; FLUOROOLEFINS; INTERMEDIATE; OLEFINS; ION AB Nucleophilic addition-elimination of ortho-or para-substituted phenols to aryl trifluorovinyl ethers (TFVEs) in N, N-dimethylformamide was studied. Using sodium hydride as a base afforded vinyl substitution products R-Ar-O-CF = CF-O-Ar-R', where R or R' = H, Br, OMe, tert-Bu, or Ph. The vinyl substitution products produced mixtures of (Z)/(E)-isomers and this isomer ratio was influenced by substitution with more sterically encumbered phenol nucleophiles. Reactions using caesium carbonate afforded addition products R-Ar-O-CHFCF(2)-O-Ar-R' whereas upon dehydrofluorination using sodium hydride produced vinyl substitution products. The preparation of vinyl substituted and addition products proceeded in overall good isolated yields and were elucidated using (1)H and (19)F NMR, GC-MS, and X-ray analysis. Vinyl substituted products were inert to UV light and chemical reactivity using common polymerization promoters. Thermal activation of the (Z)/(E)-fluoroolefin (-CF = CF-) was observed at an onset of 310 degrees C in nitrogen using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) producing insoluble network material. The synthesis, characterization, and mechanism for stereoselectivity are discussed. C1 [Moody, Justin D.; VanDerveer, Don; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.; Iacono, Scott T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moody, Justin D.; VanDerveer, Don; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, COMSET, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Iacono, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.iacono@usafa.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR 0514622]; CU through NSF [CHE 0453318] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF DMR 0514622) for financial support. JDM also acknowledges CU for financial support through the REU program of the NSF (CHE 0453318). We also thank Dr Rama V. Rajagopal (CU) and Dr Chris Topping (Tetramer Technologies, L. L. C.) for technical assistance. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 13 BP 4842 EP 4849 DI 10.1039/c1ob05041a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 777WC UT WOS:000291654800024 PM 21552580 ER PT J AU Clark, C Gidvani, VK AF Clark, Cheryll Gidvani, Vinod K. TI Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in a Patient With Severe Factor IX Deficiency SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE hemophilia; leukemia ID ACQUIRED HEMOPHILIA AB We present a case of acute myelogenous leukemia in a patient with severe hemophilia and our approach to the prevention of bleeding complications during chemotherapy In the few reports of acute leukemia occurring in patients with hemophilia management of bleeding has mostly consisted of replacement of factor and platelets on demand By prophylactically treating our patient with Factor IX at 50% correction three times per week and maintaining his platelet count above 30 x 10(3)/mm(3), bleeding complications were avoided However due to the rarity of this combination it is difficult to draw a best practice recommendation Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011 56 156-157 (C) 2010 Wiley Liss Inc C1 [Clark, Cheryll; Gidvani, Vinod K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Clark, C (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1545-5009 EI 1545-5017 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 156 EP 157 DI 10.1002/pbc.22762 PG 2 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 687PM UT WOS:000284790400029 PM 20842752 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Woodward, C Parthasarathy, TA AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. Woodward, C. Parthasarathy, T. A. TI On the Escaig obstacle hypothesis for cross-slip in face-centered-cubic materials SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cross-slip; activation volume; analytical equations; copper; glide stresses ID SCREW DISLOCATION INTERSECTIONS; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; COPPER; NICKEL AB There is a significant body of literature wherein a linear approximation of Escaig's model is used to justify the large experimentally measured activation-volumes for cross-slip in face-centered-cubic copper. Here, by examining the error between the linear approximation and the original theory, we show that this explanation is not satisfactory. The calculated value for activation volume in copper, using Escaig's original equations, yields similar to 60b(3) (b = Burgers vector) while the linear approximation yields 200b(3), the latter result fortuitously matching the experimental values. C1 [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.; Woodward, C.] AFRL MLLM, AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM satish.rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FAB650-04-D-5235] FX This material is published by permission of the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FAB650-04-D-5235. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 7 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1080/09500839.2011.581703 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 814KM UT WOS:000294450300003 ER PT S AU Brown, DP Walker, M Urbas, AM AF Brown, Dean P. Walker, Mark Urbas, Augustine M. BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Controlling Ultrafast Light with Dispersive Metamaterials SO PHOTONIC AND PHONONIC PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERED NANOSTRUCTURES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Dispersion; Metamaterials; Ultrafast Pulses; Pulse Shaping ID INTERFERENCE PHASE SCAN; GROUP-VELOCITY; INTERFEROMETRY; GENERATION; OPTICS AB Because metamaterials often utilize strong resonances, a strong group delay dispersion (GDD) is also possible. This property is an important parameter for ultrafast laser pulse propagation. The Multiphoton Intrapulse Interference Phase Scan (MIIPS) technique was used to measure the GDD directly over the bandwidth of an ultrafast laser. The measured GDD of a double-chirped dielectric mirror with a strong resonance was an order of magnitude larger than that of a dispersive optical glass three orders of magnitude thicker and was shown to be highly wavelength dependent. The impact of the measured dispersion of this dielectric mirror was explored computationally and the impact on pulse shape of ultrashort pulses of light with a bandwidth comparable to the wavelength-dependent features of the GDD is shown. C1 [Brown, Dean P.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Walker, Mark] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, DP (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM dean.brown.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0669-DOD35CAP]; National Science Foundation under Award [ECS-0335765]; US Department of Homeland Security (DHS); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); US Department of Energy (DOE); DHS; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23100] FX This project was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-09-1-0669-DOD35CAP. The work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award ECS-0335765. L.M. thanks the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for the fellowship. The DHS Scholarship and Fellowship Program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and DHS. ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE Contract DE-AC05-06OR23100. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8483-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7946 AR 79460U DI 10.1117/12.875465 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BYE67 UT WOS:000298244400012 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Sell, JF Johnson, MD Reinhardt, K Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Sell, J. F. Johnson, M. D. Reinhardt, K. Knize, R. J. BA Kissinger, G Pizzini, S Tu, H YamadaKaneta, H BF Kissinger, G Pizzini, S Tu, H YamadaKaneta, H TI Adding a thin metallic plasmonic layer to silicon thin film solar cells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 3 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium I on Advanced Silicon Materials Research for Electronic and Photovoltaic Applications II/Symposium J on Silicon-Based Nanophotonics CY JUN 08-11, 2010 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc (E-MRS) DE Si; thin film; solar cells; surface plasmon; absorption enhancement AB Currently, thin film solar cells' performances are limited by poor light absorption and poor photon-generated carrier collection. Theoretically, large, broadband, and polarization-insensitive light absorption enhancement can be realized via integrating with unique metallic nanostructures either at the surface or buried inside the structures. In order further to understand the mechanisms and to reduce the fabrication cost, an experimental demonstration of light absorption affection by adding a thin metallic plasmonic layer to the thin film a-Si solar cells was performed. By adjusting those structural parameters such as thicknesses of the a-Si thin layer and the thin plasmonic layer's thickness, and the incident angle, light absorption enhancement by cavity resonances and by the planar plasmonic coupling was carefully analyzed. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Lu, Yalin; Sell, J. F.; Johnson, M. D.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, K.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); United States Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) FX The authors appreciate the strong support from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the United States Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL). NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.1002/pssc.201000224 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BZG61 UT WOS:000301537100048 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Reinhardt, K AF Lu, Yalin Reinhardt, Kitt BA Kissinger, G Pizzini, S Tu, H YamadaKaneta, H BF Kissinger, G Pizzini, S Tu, H YamadaKaneta, H TI Manipulation of absorption in Si thin films with ordered nanostructures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 8, NO 3 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS)/Symposium I on Advanced Silicon Materials Research for Electronic and Photovoltaic Applications II/Symposium J on Silicon-Based Nanophotonics CY JUN 08-11, 2010 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc (E-MRS) DE surface plasmon; Si thin film; absorption enhancement; nanostructure AB Silicon thin film solar cells have attracted an increasing attention because of the potential to provide clean energy at relatively low cost. Currently, their performances are limited by poor light absorption and low efficiency carrier collection. In this research with a goal to enhance the light absorption, integration with metallic surface nanostructures to thin film silicon solar cells was investigated. Large, broadband, and polarization-insensitive light absorption enhancement was verified. The enhancement was explained by a few possible mechanisms such as the planar cavity resonance, surface plasmonic resonance (SPR), planar waveguide coupling, etc. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] US Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu; kitt.reinhardt@afosr.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.1002/pssc.201000221 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BZG61 UT WOS:000301537100047 ER PT J AU Joshi, P Shewale, V Pandey, R Shanker, V Hussain, S Karna, SP AF Joshi, Prachi Shewale, Vasundhara Pandey, Ravindra Shanker, Virendra Hussain, Saber Karna, Shashi P. TI Site specific interaction between ZnO nanoparticles and tryptophan: a first principles quantum mechanical study SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; DESIGN AB First principles density functional theory calculations are performed on tryptophan-ZnO nanoparticles complex in order to study site specific interactions between tryptophan and ZnO. The calculated results find the salt bridge structure involving the -COOH group and ZnO cluster to be energetically more favorable than other interacting sites, such as indole and amine groups in tryptophan. The interaction between tryptophan and ZnO appears to be mediated by both ionic and hydrogen bonds. The calculated molecular orbital energy levels and charge distributions suggest non-radiative energy transfer from an excited state of tryptophan to states associated with ZnO, which may lead to a reduction in the emission intensity assigned to the pi pi* transition of the indole functional group of tryptophan. C1 [Joshi, Prachi; Shewale, Vasundhara; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Shanker, Virendra] Natl Phys Lab CSIR, New Delhi 110012, India. [Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, ATTN RDRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Hussain, Saber] USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM pandey@mtu.edu; shashi.karna@us.army.mil RI Shanker, Virendra/B-5338-2011 FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. [611-243-2AFWP-00-104583] FX We acknowledge the support from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (611-243-2AFWP-00-104583). Helpful discussions with Saikat Mukhopadhyay and Prof. Mrinalini Deshpande are acknowledged. PJ and VS also acknowledge the support received during their stay at Michigan Technological University. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.1039/c0cp01466d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 695RN UT WOS:000285390400015 PM 21031225 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Johnson, GR Farmer, BL Pandey, RB AF Eby, D. Matthew Johnson, Glenn R. Farmer, Barry L. Pandey, Ras B. TI Supramolecular assembly of a biomineralizing antimicrobial peptide in coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICA NANOSPHERES; PHASE-SEPARATION; DIATOM BIOSILICA; LIPID-BILAYERS; POLYAMINES; MODEL; BIOSILICIFICATION; MORPHOGENESIS; AGGREGATION; CHEMISTRY AB Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the self-organizing behavior of the biomineralizing peptide KSL (KKVVFKVKFK) in the presence of phosphate. Originally identified as an antimicrobial peptide, KSL also directs the formation of biosilica through a hypothetical supramolecular template that requires phosphate for assembly. Specificity of each residue and the interactions between the peptide and phosphate are considered in a coarse-grained model. Both local and global physical quantities are calculated as the constituents execute their stochastic motion in the presence and absence of phosphate. Ordered peptide aggregates develop after simulations reach thermodynamic equilibrium, wherein phosphates form bridging ligands with lysines and are found interdigitated between peptide molecules. Results demonstrate that interactions between the lysines and phosphate drive self-organization into lower energy conformations of interconnected peptide scaffolds that resemble the supramolecular structures of polypeptide-and polyamine-mediated silica condensation systems. Furthermore, the specific phosphate-peptide organization appears to mimic the zwitterionic structure of native silaffins (scaffold proteins of diatom shells), suggesting a similar template organization for silica deposition between the in vitro KSL and silaffin systems. C1 [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Eby, D. Matthew] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Eby, D. Matthew; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil; barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil; ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX); Joint Science Technology Office of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AA06CBT008] FX This work was supported through funding from the Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) and the Joint Science Technology Office of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Project Code AA06CBT008 (Ilya Elashvili, Jennifer Becker and Stephen Lee, Program Managers). NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1039/c0cp01364a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 700NJ UT WOS:000285750100036 PM 21072418 ER PT J AU Hissam, RS Farmer, BL Pandey, RB AF Hissam, R. S. Farmer, B. L. Pandey, R. B. TI Scaffolding of an antimicrobial peptide (KSL) by a scale-down coarse-grained approach SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; DIATOM BIOSILICA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SILICA FORMATION; POLYAMINES; BIOSILICIFICATION; SILAFFINS; PALLADIUM; SURFACES; MODEL AB A coarse-grained approach with enhanced representation of amino acid (involving four components, i.e. a central alpha carbon and its side group along with C and N terminals) is used to study the multi-scale assembly of an antimicrobial peptide (KSL) in an explicit solvent (in a scale-down hierarchy of Eby et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 1123-1130]). Both local (mobility, solvent-surrounding, energy profiles) and global (variation of the root mean square displacement of peptides and its gyration radius with time steps, radial distribution function, and structure factors) physical quantities are analyzed as a function of the solvent quality (i.e. the solvent-residue interaction strength). We find that the mobility of the interacting side group (lysine) decays as the number of its surrounding solvent constituents grows systematically on increasing the interaction strength. Pinning of lysine directs the underlying segmental conformation that propagates to larger scale scaffolding. The radial distribution function (a measure of the correlated peptide assembly) decays with the distance (faster with stronger solvent interaction). Scaling of the structure factor (S(q)) of peptide assembly with the wave vector q = 2 pi/lambda (lambda is the wavelength), S(q) proportional to q(-1/v) provides an insight into its multi-scale mass (N) distribution. The effective dimension D(e) = 1/v of the peptide assembly over the spatial distribution (R) can be estimated using N proportional to R(e)(D). On scales larger than the size (i.e. the radius of gyration R(g)) of the peptide, D(e) approximate to 1.303 +/- 0.070 to D(e) approximate to 1.430 +/- 0.096, a rather fibrous morphology appears perhaps due to directed pinning while the morphology appears like an ideal chain, D(e) approximate to 1.809 +/- 0.017 to D(e) approximate to 1.978 +/- 0.017, at a smaller scale R <= R(g). C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Hissam, R. S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Support by the Air Force Research Laboratory is acknowledged by RBP. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 48 BP 21262 EP 21272 DI 10.1039/c1cp22361e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 855JM UT WOS:000297560200010 PM 22031450 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME AF Fajardo, Mario E. BE Khriachtchev, L TI MATRIX ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY IN SOLID PARAHYDROGEN: A PRIMER SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY AT LOW TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; PARA-HYDROGEN; QUANTUM DIFFUSION; CONDENSED PHASE; IR-ABSORPTION; 4.2 K; MOLECULES AB Solid parahydrogen (pH(2)) offers several advantages as a host for matrix isolation spectroscopy over conventional rare-gas solids. These arise from the special "quantum solid" nature of the pH(2) host, and include facile preparation of thick, optically transparent samples, enabling true isolation of dopants at vanishingly low concentrations; minimal inhomogeneous broadening of dopant rovibrational transitions allowing for high-resolution infrared spectroscopy; a greatly reduced cage effect opening up new dopant photochemical processes; and the participation of the delocalized excitations of the pH(2) host in a number of unique phenomena. The price of these advantages is additional complexity in both sample preparation and spectral data interpretation. This chapter is intended as a short introduction to the field, with an emphasis on practical lessons learned over the past two decades of research. C1 USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab AFRL RWME, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM mario.fajardo@eglin.af.mil NR 88 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-782-3 PY 2011 BP 167 EP 202 D2 10.4032/9789814267823 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BXW04 UT WOS:000297316000007 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Vedula, P Bailey, WF Suchyta, CJ AF Josyula, Eswar Vedula, Prakash Bailey, William F. Suchyta, Casimir J., III TI Kinetic solution of the structure of a shock wave in a nonreactive gas mixture SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE MOLECULES; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION AB The multispecies Boltzmann equation is numerically integrated to characterize the internal structure of a Mach 3 shock wave in a hard sphere gas. The collision integral is evaluated by the conservative discrete ordinate method [F.G. Tcheremissine, Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 46, 315 (2006)]. There was excellent agreement of macroscopic variables [Kosuge et al.., Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 20, 87 (2001)]. The effect of species concentration and mass ratio on the behavior of macroscopic variables and distribution functions in the structure of the shock wave is considered for both two- and three-species gas mixtures. In a binary mixture of gases with different masses and varying concentrations, the temperature overshoot of the parallel component of temperature near the center of the shock wave is highest for the heavy component when the concentration of the heavy component is the smallest. The rise in the parallel component of temperature is revealed by the behavior of the distribution function. [doi:10.1063/1.3541815] C1 [Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bailey, William F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vedula, Prakash; Suchyta, Casimir J., III] AFRL RBAT, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Support is provided by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract monitored by F. Fahroo. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 AR 017101 DI 10.1063/1.3541815 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 722HV UT WOS:000287424200058 ER PT S AU Mao, XY Wang, W Chen, XB Lu, YL AF Mao, Xiangyu Wang, Wei Chen, Xiaobing Lu, Yalin GP Electromagnet Acad TI Enhanced Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Properties of La Doped Multiferroic Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 Ceramics SO PIERS 2011 MARRAKESH: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Marrakesh, MOROCCO SP EPL, CST, DIRECTEVENT, CNRS, SUPELEC, Univ Paris W, Natl Univ Singapore, Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Zhejiang Univ, Lab Genie Electrique Paris, Energy, Mech & Electromagnet Lab, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILMS; BIFEO3; BI4TI3O12; POLARIZATION; BI5FETI3O15; COMPOUND; OXIDES AB A novel four-layer Bi4.25La0.75Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 (BLFCT) ceramics was synthesized via sintering the mixture of Fe2O3, Co2O3, Bi2O3 oxides and already-prepared Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) powders. The ferromagnetic transition is seen at T-CM approximate to 210 degrees C in M-T curves. At room temperature, the remanent magnetization (2M(r)), and the coercive fields (2H(c)) in BLFCT samples were about 49.7 memu/g and 475 Oe, respectively. The remnant polarization (2P(r)) and the coercive field (2E(c)) were about 15.4 mu C/cm(2) and 129 kV/cm at 180 kV/cm, respectively. C1 [Mao, Xiangyu; Wang, Wei; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mao, XY (reprint author), Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [51072177]; Jiangsu Province Department of Education [08KJB140011] FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 51072177) and Jiangsu Province Department of Education (Grant No. 08KJB140011). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-16-5 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2011 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BA1GN UT WOS:000332513000006 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Mandeville, WJ Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ Reinhardt, K AF Lu, Yalin Mandeville, W. J. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. Reinhardt, Kitt GP Electromagnet Acad TI Enhanced Absorption in Si Solar Cells via Adding Thin Surface Plasmonic Layers and Surface Microstructures SO PIERS 2011 MARRAKESH: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Marrakesh, MOROCCO SP EPL, CST, DIRECTEVENT, CNRS, SUPELEC, Univ Paris W, Natl Univ Singapore, Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Zhejiang Univ, Lab Genie Electrique Paris, Energy, Mech & Electromagnet Lab, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID SILICON; FEMTOSECOND AB In order further to understand the mechanisms and to reduce the fabrication cost, experimental demonstrations of light absorption affection by adding thin metallic plasmonic layers and laser-created surface microstructures to the thin film a-Si solar cells was performed. For adding the plasmonic layer, by adjusting those structural parameters such as thicknesses of the a-Si thin layer and the thin plasmonic layer's thickness, and the incident angle, light absorption enhancement by cavity resonances and by the planar plasmonic coupling was carefully analyzed. For creating the dense microstructures on silicon surface, frequency doubled, nanosecond (nsec) Nd:YAG laser pulses in the SF6 ambient, were used. The infrared absorption is increased to near unity and extends well below the original bandgap far into the infrared. These results are interesting to making advanced solar cells on both efficiency and cost, as comparing to previous results reported using more complicated and less economical femotosecond (fsec) titanium sapphire and picosecond (psec) and nanosecond excimer lasers. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mandeville, W. J.] MITRE Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU United States Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); United States Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) FX The authors acknowledge the support from the United States Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the United States Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-16-5 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2011 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BA1GN UT WOS:000332513000007 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Brown, G Kozlowski, G Chen, XB AF Lu, Yalin Brown, Gail Kozlowski, Gregory Chen, Xiaobing GP Electromagnet Acad TI Layer-structured Bi5F0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition SO PIERS 2011 MARRAKESH: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Marrakesh, MOROCCO SP EPL, CST, DIRECTEVENT, CNRS, SUPELEC, Univ Paris W, Natl Univ Singapore, Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Zhejiang Univ, Lab Genie Electrique Paris, Energy, Mech & Electromagnet Lab, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS AB Layer-structured Bi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 (BFCTO) ceramics exhibits a large magnetic moment increase of 3 times by substituting half Fe by Co. The material has a four-layer unit cell, and presents a remarkable coexistence of ferroelectricity (FE) and ferromagnetism (FM) above room temperature (RT). The measured 2P(r) and 2M(r) are 13 mu C/cm(2) and 7.8 memu/g, respectively, and the material's magnetic transition temperature is similar to 345 degrees C. This therefore raised an interest in further exploring the material's potential photonic applications when in thin films. In this research, an initial effort of thin film growth using the advanced pulsed laser deposition (PLD) approach was demonstrated. Such films' structural, morphological, and dielectric properties were studied. C1 [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Brown, Gail] AFRL RXPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kozlowski, Gregory] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU United States Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); United States Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) FX The authors acknowledge the support from the United States Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the United States Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-16-5 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2011 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BA1GN UT WOS:000332513000008 ER PT J AU Morgan, AB Putthanarat, S AF Morgan, Alexander B. Putthanarat, Sirina TI Use of inorganic materials to enhance thermal stability and flammability behavior of a polyimide SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Polyimides; Thermal decomposition; Flammability; Inorganic nanoparticles ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; COMBUSTION FLOW CALORIMETRY; FLAME-RETARDANT MECHANISM; POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES; CARBON NANOTUBES; THERMOOXIDATIVE BEHAVIOR; ANISOTROPIC OXIDATION; PMR-15 RESIN; TEMPERATURE; PYROLYSIS AB While a great variety of high temperature polyimide materials exist, these materials are being subjected to higher and higher use temperatures in oxidative and environmentally aggressive environments. There is a limit to the extent one can take a polyimide before it will oxidize and subsequently suffer property degradation, thermal decomposition, and structural failure. Therefore, we instead sought to use materials which do not oxidize (inorganic materials) to enhance the polyimide composition and perhaps move the properties of the organic polymer more into the realm of ceramics while maintaining polyimide composite weights and processing advantages. In this paper we present results of the combination of inorganic micron sized particles with and without carbon nanofibers to produce a variety of highly inorganic particle filled polyimides. These polyimides were tested for thermal stability and flammability in resin pellet form and as a protective coating for a carbon fiber composite structure. Our results demonstrate that the resin with inorganic particles exhibited significant reductions in flammability by themselves, but minimal flammability reduction when used as a thin coating to protect a carbon fiber composite. Further, the gains in thermal stability are limited by the thermal stability of the polyimide matrix, suggesting that more work is needed in measuring the limits of inorganic fillers to improve thermal stability. Still, the results are promising and may yield polyimide systems useful for providing resistance to damage from high heat flux exposures/fire risk scenarios. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morgan, Alexander B.; Putthanarat, Sirina] Univ Dayton, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Putthanarat, Sirina] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morgan, AB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alexander.morgan@udri.udayton.edu FU Ohio Department of Development Research Commercialization [ODOD TECH 09-007]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX This publication is approved for public release. AFRL release number 88ABW-2010-4325 (August 12, 2010). The authors would like to thank Maverick Corporation for the donation of MVK-10 polyimide to this program. Additional support for the work in this report was provided by the Ohio Department of Development Research Commercialization Program "Protective Integrated Coatings for Extreme Environments" ODOD TECH 09-007. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Weidong Liu for the SEM images. Direct funding for the work in this report was provided by Air Force Research Laboratory "Hybrid Demonstration Materials Development" task on Task Order #4 of Contract FA8650-05-D-5052. This paper is authorized for release. Finally the authors wish to thank Dr. Vernon Bechel and Mrs. Marilyn Unroe for their technical advice on the program. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 96 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.11.005 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 710UD UT WOS:000286541600003 ER PT J AU Chaudhari, M Du, JC Tiley, J Banerjee, R AF Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar Du, Jincheng Tiley, Jaimie Banerjee, Rajarshi BE Allison, J Collins, P Spanos, G TI DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY BASED CALCULATIONS OF SITE OCCUPANCY IN THE GAMMA PRIME Ni3Al PHASE OF NICKEL BASED SUPER ALLOYS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST WORLD CONGRESS ON INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS ENGINEERING (ICME) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL Seven Springs, PA SP The Minerals, Met, & Mat Soc, Met Soc Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Brazilian Met, Mat & Minerals Soc, Mat Australia, Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, AF Mat Lab, Army Res Off, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; POINT-DEFECTS; PREFERENCE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; ELEMENTS; FE; CO AB Nickel based super alloys are used in turbine engines for aerospace and land based applications. These alloys have unique combinations of high temperatur e tensile strength, creep and oxidation resistance. The precipitation of Ll(2) structured Ni3Al gamma prime phase in the gamma matrix is one of the major strengthening mechanism of these alloys. Various studies have shown that the high temperatur e creep and oxidation resistance of the nickel based alloys can be improved by the addition of substitutional elements. The distribution of these elements in the gamma and gamma prime phases and their site occupancy behavior in gamma prime precipitate (Ni3Al) are especially important to the high temperatur e properties. In this paper, we investigated site occupancy of a common substitutional element, chromium in the gamma'-Ni3Al using periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) based first principles calculations. Comparisons are made between the site occupancy behavior using formalism namely vacancy based, anti-site based and standard defect formation based formalism. The impact of the simulation size (2x2x2 and 3x3x3) has also been studied in order to gain more understanding of the simulation size effect on the occupancy behavior. In addition, this paper also investigated the interaction energy between two substituted atoms as a function of separation distance has also been studied. Various comparisons are made between our results, existing theoretical and experimental studies in the literature. C1 [Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar; Du, Jincheng; Banerjee, Rajarshi] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Du, JC (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM jincheng.du@unt.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation FX We would like to acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47094-319-9 PY 2011 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHZ84 UT WOS:000327096700020 ER PT J AU Ret, PL AF Ret, P. L. BE Allison, J Collins, P Spanos, G TI WHAT BARRIERS PREVENT ICME FROM BECOMING PART OF THE DESIGNER'S TOOLBOX? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST WORLD CONGRESS ON INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS ENGINEERING (ICME) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL Seven Springs, PA SP The Minerals, Met, & Mat Soc, Met Soc Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Brazilian Met, Mat & Minerals Soc, Mat Australia, Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, AF Mat Lab, Army Res Off, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res DE Validation; Design; Model; Accuracy; Precision; Culture AB Integrated computational materials engineering methodologies promise a revolutionary step forward in the qualification, certification, and sustainment of Air Force systems via reduction of the historically slow and costly materials data development footprint [1,2,3]. The establishment of scientifically-based, statistically-robust processes by which computational materials models can be quantitatively graded, accepted and utilized by the aerospace structures design, manufacture, and sustainment communities for cost and time savings presents a major hurdle towards the realization of the potential of ICME. To allow for the change to the materials qualification paradigm offered by ICME, several barriers (economic, cultural, and technical) must be overcome. Via identification and discussion of these issues, this article challenges the ICME community to position itself for success via integration with the industrial structural design community. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ret, PL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47094-319-9 PY 2011 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHZ84 UT WOS:000327096700035 ER PT J AU Mehresh, R Upadhyaya, S Kwiat, K AF Mehresh, Ruchika Upadhyaya, Shambhu Kwiat, Kevin BE Armistead, L TI Secure Proactive Recovery - a Hardware Based Mission Assurance Scheme SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 17-18, 2011 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE security; fault tolerance; mission assurance; critical systems; hardware AB Mission Assurance in critical systems entails both fault tolerance and security. Since fault tolerance via redundancy or replication is contradictory to the notion of a limited trusted computing base, normal security techniques cannot be applied to fault tolerant systems. Thus, in order to enhance the dependability of mission critical systems, designers employ a multi-phase approach that includes fault/threat avoidance/prevention, detection and recovery. Detection phase is the fallback plan for avoidance/prevention phase, as recovery phase is the fallback plan for detection phase. However, despite this three-stage barrier, a determined adversary can still defeat system security by staging an attack on the recovery phase. Recovery being the final stage of the dependability life-cycle, unless certain security methodologies are used, full assurance to mission critical operations cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, we propose a new methodology, viz. secure proactive recovery that can be built into future mission-critical systems in order to secure the recovery phase at low cost. The solution proposed is realized through a hardware-supported design of a consensus protocol. One of the major strengths of this scheme is that it not only detects abnormal behavior due to system faults or attacks, but also secures the system in case where a smart attacker attempts to camouflage by playing along with the predefined protocols. This sort of adversary may compromise certain system nodes at some earlier stage but remain dormant until the critical phase of the mission is reached. We call such an adversary The Quiet Invader. In an effort to minimize overhead, enhance performance and tamper-proof our scheme, we employ redundant hardware typically found in today's self-testing processor ICs, like design for testability (DFT) and built-in self-test (BIST) logic. The cost and performance analysis presented in this paper validates the feasibility and efficiency of our solution. C1 [Mehresh, Ruchika; Upadhyaya, Shambhu] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Mehresh, R (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM rmehresh@buffalo.edu; shambhu@buffalo.edu; kwiatk@rl.af.mil FU ITT [200821J]; [88ABW-2010-6094] FX This work was supported in part by ITT Grant No. 200821J. This paper has been approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-6094 dated 16 Nov 2010. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-92-4 PY 2011 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BET38 UT WOS:000318019700020 ER PT J AU Merritt, D Mullins, B AF Merritt, David Mullins, Barry BE Armistead, L TI Identifying Cyber Espionage: Towards a Synthesis Approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 17-18, 2011 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE covert channel; cyber espionage; data exfiltration; intrusion detection; malware analysis AB Espionage has existed in many forms for as long as humans have kept secrets. With the skyrocketing growth of digital data storage, cyber espionage has quickly become the tool of choice for corporate and government spies. Cyber espionage typically occurs over the Internet with a consistent methodology: 1) infiltrate a targeted network, 2) install malware on the targeted victim(s), and 3) exfiltrate data at will. Detection methods exist and are well-researched for these three realms: network attack, malware, and data exfiltration. However, formal methodology does not exist for identifying cyber espionage as its own classification of cyber attack. This paper proposes a synthesis approach for identifying targeted espionage by fusing the intelligence gathered from current detection techniques. This synthesis of detection methods establishes a formal decision-making framework for determining the likelihood of cyber espionage. C1 [Merritt, David; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merritt, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.merritt@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-92-4 PY 2011 BP 180 EP 187 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BET38 UT WOS:000318019700021 ER PT B AU Pratt, DM Moorhouse, DJ AF Pratt, David M. Moorhouse, David J. GP ASME TI COMMON CURRENCY FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION OF HIGH INTENSITY ENERGY SUBSYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1 PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mecg Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engn AB Aerospace vehicle design has progressed in an evolutionary manner, with certain discrete changes such as turbine engines replacing propellers for higher speeds. The evolution has worked very well for commercial aircraft because the major components can be optimized independently. This is not true for many military configurations which require a more integrated approach. In addition, the introduction of aspects for which there is no pre-existing database requires special attention. Examples of subsystem that have no pre-existing data base include directed energy weapons (DEW) such as high power microwaves (HPM) and high energy lasers (HEL). These devices are inefficient, therefore a large portion of the energy required to operate the device is converted to waste heat and must be transferred to a suitable heat sink. For RPM, the average heat load during one 'shot' is on the same order as traditional subsystems and thus designing a thermal management system is possible. The challenge is transferring the heat from the RPM device to a heat sink. The power density of each shot could be hundreds of megawatts. This heat must be transferred from the RPM beam dump to a sink. The heat transfer must occur at a rate that will support shots in the 10-100Hz range. For HEL systems, in addition to the high intensity, there are substantial system level thermal loads required to provide an 'infinite magazine.' Present models are inadequate to analyze these problems, current systems are unable to sustain the energy dissipation required and the high intensity heat fluxes applied over a very short duration phenomenon is not well understood. These are examples of potential future vehicle integration challenges. This paper addresses these and other subsystems integration challenges using a common currency for vehicle optimization. Exergy, entropy generation minimization, and energy optimization are examples of methodologies that can enable the creation of energy optimized systems. These approaches allow the manipulation of fundamental equations governing thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics to produce minimized irreversibilities at the vehicle, subsystem and device levels using a common currency. Applying these techniques to design for aircraft system-level energy efficiency would identify not only which subsystems are inefficient but also those that are close to their maximum theoretical efficiency while addressing diverse system interaction and optimal subsystem integration. Such analyses would obviously guide researchers and designers to the areas having the highest payoff and enable departures from the evolutionary process and create a breakthrough design. C1 [Pratt, David M.; Moorhouse, David J.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pratt, DM (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5454-9 PY 2011 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH11 UT WOS:000319843000013 ER PT B AU Kihm, KD Hussey, D Pratt, DM Swanson, AD AF Kihm, K. D. Hussey, D. Pratt, D. M. Swanson, A. D. GP ASME TI NEUTRON IMAGING FEASIBILITY OF LIQUID METAL COOLANT BEHAVIORS INSIDE A HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOY HEAT PIPE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1 PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers AB Experimental study has been conducted for multiscale characterization of liquid metal(Na) transport within a heat pipe using a neutron imaging technique. Feasibility of nonintrusive imaging of liquid sodium contained inside a nickel alloy heat pipe has been examined for the imaging resolution, exposure time requirements, background noises, and other basic considerations associated with neutron beam scattering. Preliminary results of neutron imaging show fairly acceptable feasibility of neutron imaging of liquid sodium contained inside an alloy jacket. Furthermore, challenges are identified to enhance the spatial and thermal resolutions in order to achieve more physically demanding imaging of the liquid metal thermal transport behaviors. C1 [Kihm, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pratt, D. M.; Swanson, A. D.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, AFRL, OH USA. [Hussey, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU U.S. Government FX This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's contributions. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5454-9 PY 2011 BP 1383 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH11 UT WOS:000319843000161 ER PT B AU Amama, PB Spowart, JE Voevodin, AA Fisher, TS AF Amama, Placidus B. Spowart, Jonathan E. Voevodin, Andrey A. Fisher, Timothy S. GP ASME TI MODIFIED MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE AND CALCIUM BOROHYDRIDE FOR HIGH-CAPACITY THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1 PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mecg Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engn ID DESORPTION PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN STORAGE; PARTICLE; HEAT; MGH2; NI AB MgH2 and Ca(BH4)(2) are potential thermal energy storage (TES) materials that possess extraordinarily high inherent thermal energy densities of up to 2 MJ/kg. However, the high desorption temperatures at atmospheric pressure [>300 degrees C for Ca(BH4)(2), >400 degrees C for MgH2] coupled with slow kinetics represent significant challenges for their use in TES. In order to address these challenges, the present work focuses on the development of new modification approaches based on nanostructuring via high-energy vibratory ball milling and catalytic enhancement using pure Ni and Ni alloys. Our work reveals that high-energy vibrating-mill technique with ball-to-powder weight ratio as low as 13:1can produce MgH2 powders with nanocrystallites after 2h of milling. MgH2 milled with Ni (5 wt%) and Ni5Zr2 (5 wt%) catalysts for 2 h showed apparent activation energies, E-A of 81 and 79 kJ/mol, respectively, corresponding to similar to 50% decrease in E-A and similar to 100 degrees C decrease in the decomposition temperature (T-dec). On the other hand, the decomposition reaction of Ca(BH4)(2) does not seem to be catalyzed by the Ni-based catalysts tested. C1 [Amama, Placidus B.; Spowart, Jonathan E.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amama, PB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Placidus.Amama@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5454-9 PY 2011 BP 1617 EP 1623 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH11 UT WOS:000319843000188 ER PT B AU Lin, LC Leland, Q AF Lin, Lanchao Leland, Quinn GP ASME TI MULTI-NOZZLE SPRAY COOLING IN A CLOSED LOOP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1 PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers DE Spray cooling; two-phase heat transfer; closed loop; CHF ID HEAT-TRANSFER; SURFACE AB A closed two-phase loop system was developed that combined with a multi-nozzle spray cooling unit for the cooling of high heat flux power sources. The fluid circulation was sustained by a magnetic gear pump operating with an ejector pump unit. The motive flow of the ejector shared the pumping liquid flow with the multi-nozzle spray. The use of the ejector stabilized the circulation of the two-phase flow. A multi-nozzle plate with 48 miniature nozzles was designed to generate an array of 4x12 sprays. A closed loop spray cooling experimental setup with a cooling area of 19.3 cm(2) was built. The spray nozzle to target distance was 10 mm. Water and FC-72 were used as the working fluids. Spray cooling experiments were performed in three orientations of the spray target surface, namely (a) horizontal facing upward, (b) vertical, and (c) horizontal facing downward. The thermal performance of the horizontal facing downward surface was the best. A comparison with the thermal performance data for a smaller cooling surface area of 2.0 cm(2) was made. C1 [Lin, Lanchao] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leland, Quinn] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, LC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM lanchao.lin@wpafb.af.mil; quinn.leland@wpafb.af.mil FU Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This research was supported by the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The experiment was performed at the Themial Laboratory of the Propulsion Directorate and the Vortek Radiant Heating Facility of the Air Vehicles Directorate. The authors wish to thank Roger P. Can (UDRI), Sean Coghlan (AFRL) and Larry Kretz (AFRL) for helping with the operation of the plasma heater. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5454-9 PY 2011 BP 1861 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH11 UT WOS:000319843000219 ER PT B AU Hunter, CN Glavin, NR Muratore, C Fisher, TS Jones, JG Putnam, SA Khramov, AN Li, CH AF Hunter, Chad N. Glavin, Nicholas R. Muratore, Chris Fisher, Timothy S. Jones, John G. Putnam, Shawn A. Khramov, Alexander N. Li, Calvin H. GP ASME TI MICRO-PATTERNED SUBSTRATES WITH NANO-SCALE ELEMENTS FOR POOL BOILING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers DE Pool boiling; Critical heat flux; Nanostructure ID HEAT-TRANSFER; ENHANCEMENT; INTERFACES AB The critical heat flux values of copper substrates were increased from 87 to 125 W/cm(2) by using a simple chemical process resulting in growth of micro and nano-scale copper structures on the surface. Pre- and post-test surface analysis revealed that the morphology of the micro and nano-scale features of these copper structures changed during the boiling process accompanied by a change in oxide layer composition. Boiling performance of the micro and nano-structured samples was repeatable when testing at lower heat fluxes. C1 [Hunter, Chad N.; Glavin, Nicholas R.; Muratore, Chris; Fisher, Timothy S.; Jones, John G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Putnam, Shawn A.; Khramov, Alexander N.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Li, Calvin H.] Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA USA. RP Hunter, CN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5456-3 PY 2011 BP 29 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH14 UT WOS:000319843300004 ER PT B AU Roy, AK Varshney, V Ganguli, S Sihn, S Lee, J Farmer, B AF Roy, Ajit K. Varshney, V. Ganguli, S. Sihn, S. Lee, J. Farmer, B. GP ASME TI ATOMISTIC SCALE THERMAL TRANSPORT IN AMORPHOUS MATERIALS AND ITS INTERFACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mecg Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engn DE Thermal materials; Thermal interface; Multiscale modeling; Composite materials; Bonded joints ID COMPOSITES; MANAGEMENT AB The thermal loads (excess heat) in all DoD systems (aircrafts and spacecrafts) have steadily been increasing at an alarming rate. The current practice is use fuel as the heat sink to dump the excess heat. This operational approach currently is not adequate to sufficiently cool the electronics and thermal devices, and thus limiting the system performance and its system readiness. Amorphous materials system (polymers, adhesive, etc), which is known to be thermally non-conductive material, is prevalent in almost all DoD systems. So, there is a big incentive in tailoring its thermal transport characteristics to meet the system requirements. Advent of the conductive nano material constituents (such as, carbon nanotubes, graphite platelets, graphene, etc.) and its adaptation in polymers provides us such opportunity. The success of adapting the nano constituents in polymers in providing the conductive pathways through the polymer phase solely lies on the extent how the interface thermal transport characteristics are tailoring between the polymer and nano constituent interfaces. In order to understand the thermal transport phenomena is amorphous materials and to design its interface consistent to the nano constituent morphology. scale, computational methodology using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) is developed. Examples for tailoring thermal interface of nano constituents with polymer will be presented. C1 [Roy, Ajit K.; Varshney, V.; Ganguli, S.; Sihn, S.; Lee, J.; Farmer, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch AFRL RXBT, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil; Vikas.Varshney@afmcx.net; Sabyasachi.Ganguli@wpafb.af.mil; Sangwook.sihn@wpafb.af.mil; jonghoon.lee@wpafb.af.mil; barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5456-3 PY 2011 BP 441 EP 444 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH14 UT WOS:000319843300061 ER PT B AU Heltzel, A Mishra, C Ruoff, RS Fleming, A AF Heltzel, Alex Mishra, Columbia Ruoff, Rodney S. Fleming, Andrew GP ASME TI ANALYSIS OF A GRAPHENE/ULTRATHIN GRAPHITE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR AEROSPACE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers ID RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNELS; LAYER GRAPHENE; LARGE-AREA; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; FILMS; SINK AB Fast evolving techniques for macroscale graphene and ultrathin graphite material production are promising for applications of graphene-based materials in thermal management. A numerical comparison of aluminium and graphene-based plate-fin heat exchangers is conducted. Anisotropic thermal conductivity of graphene-based solution shows an improvement of up to twenty percent in heat rejection over the aluminium design. Thermal and hydraulic performance is characterized for both designs over a range of air flow rates in both laminar and turbulent regimes. Steady and unsteady 3-D conjugate simulations reveal a faster equilibration rate for the graphene-based solution, minimizing thermal lag that must be accounted for in on-demand electronics cooling. The combination of improved heat rejection, rapid response rate, and low material density make a graphene-based solution uniquely suited to aerospace thermal management. C1 [Heltzel, Alex] PC Krause & Associates Inc, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Mishra, Columbia; Ruoff, Rodney S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fleming, Andrew] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heltzel, A (reprint author), PC Krause & Associates Inc, W Lafayette, IN USA. RI Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015 FU United States Air Force [FA8650-09-C2004]; University of Texas at Austin (to RSR) FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8650-09-C2004. CM and RSR appreciate support from startup funds from The University of Texas at Austin (to RSR). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5456-3 PY 2011 BP 635 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH14 UT WOS:000319843300093 ER PT B AU Davis, MW Cousins, WT AF Davis, Milt W., Jr. Cousins, William T. GP ASME TI EVALUATING COMPLEX INLET DISTORTION WITH A PARALLEL COMPRESSOR MODEL: PART 2-APPLICATIONS TO COMPLEX PATTERNS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2011, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2011 CY JUN 06-10, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper is the second paper (Part 2) in a companion set and presents results of computer simulations using a parallel compressor model developed with the extended concepts presented in the previous paper (Part 1). The computer model, constructed using the parallel compressor theory with extensions, has been exercised and compared with test results from several gas turbine engines to demonstrate the usefulness of this simulation technique. Distortion patterns used in the tests were created using distortion-generator devices such as distortion screens. A technique to simplify complex distortion patterns through approximate means is presented. This simplification is implemented based upon the flow physics of the compression system, thus allowing the model to better represent the distortion pattern while providing minimal impact on the simulation output and the comparison to the test results. The usefulness of the extended parallel compressor model is demonstrated from its ease of use, simplicity, and ability for quick turn-around of results. Applying a timely analysis capability using the demonstrated parallel compressor model provides an additional physical understanding of the effects of complex distortion on compression system operation. C1 [Davis, Milt W., Jr.] USAF AEDC Analysis Branch, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, AEDC Arnold AF Base, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), USAF AEDC Analysis Branch, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, AEDC Arnold AF Base, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5461-7 PY 2011 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFO06 UT WOS:000320677300002 ER PT J AU Stohr, M Boxx, I Carter, C Meier, W AF Stoehr, M. Boxx, I. Carter, C. Meier, W. TI Dynamics of lean blowout of a swirl-stabilized flame in a gas turbine model combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Lean blowout; Swirl-stabilized flame; Precessing vortex core; Gas turbine combustion; High-speed laser diagnostics ID PREMIXED FLAMES; FLOW-FIELD; ACTIVE CONTROL; EXTINCTION; DISSIPATION; VORTEX AB Lean blowout (LBO) of a partially premixed swirl flame is studied using chemiluminescence imaging and simultaneous stereo-PIV and OH-PLIF measurements at repetition rates up to 5 kHz. The flame, which is operated with methane and air in a gas turbine model combustor at atmospheric pressure, features a pronounced precessing vortex core (PVC) at the inner shear layer. In the first part of the study, the stabilization mechanism of the flame close to LBO is investigated. The fields of velocity and OH show that near LBO there are essentially two regions where reaction takes place, namely the helical zone along the PVC and the flame root around the lower stagnation point. The zone along the PVC is favorable to the flame due to low strain rates in the vortex center and accelerated mixing of burned and fresh gas. The flame root, which is located close to the nozzle exit, is characterized by an opposed flow of hot burned gas and relatively fuel-rich fresh gas. Due to the presence of high strain rates, the flame root is inherently unstable near LBO, featuring frequent extinction and reignition. The blowout process, discussed in the second part of the study, starts when the extinction of the flame root persists over a critical length of time. Subsequently, the reaction in the helical zone can no longer be sustained and the flame finally blows out. The results highlight the crucial role of the flame root, and suggest that well-aimed modifications of flow field or mixture fraction in this region might shift the LBO limit to leaner conditions. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stoehr, M.; Boxx, I.; Meier, W.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Combust Technol, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stohr, M (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Combust Technol, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM michael.stoehr@dlr.de NR 30 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2953 EP 2960 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.103 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000149 ER PT J AU Sun, WT Uddi, M Ombrello, T Won, SH Carter, C Ju, YG AF Sun, Wenting Uddi, Mruthunjaya Ombrello, Timothy Won, Sang Hee Carter, Campbell Ju, Yiguang TI Effects of non-equilibrium plasma discharge on counterflow diffusion flame extinction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Plasma assisted combustion; Atomic oxygen; TALIF; Counterflow extinction ID PULSED NANOSECOND DISCHARGE; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; GLIDING ARC PLASMA; AIR-FLOWS; COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT; PREMIXED HYDROCARBON; ETHYLENE-AIR; IGNITION; MECHANISM; MIXTURES AB A non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion system was developed by integrating a counterflow burner with a nano-second pulser to study the effects of atomic oxygen production on the extinction limits of methane diffusion flames at low pressure conditions. The production of atomic oxygen from the repetitive nano-second plasma discharge was measured by using two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF). The results showed that both the atomic oxygen concentration production and the oxidizer stream temperature increased with the increase of the pulse repetition frequency for a constant plasma voltage. The experimental results revealed that the plasma activated oxidizer significantly magnified the reactivity of diffusion flames and resulted in an increase of extinction strain rates through the coupling between thermal and kinetic effects. Numerical computations showed that atomic oxygen quenching strongly depends on the oxidizer stream temperature. The kinetic effect of atomic oxygen production by a non-equilibrium plasma discharge on the enhancement of flame extinction limits was demonstrated, for the first time, at high repetition frequencies with elevated oxidizer temperatures. The reaction paths for radical production and consumption were analyzed. It was concluded that in order to achieve significant kinetic enhancement from atomic oxygen production on flame stabilization, the plasma discharge temperature needs to be above the critical crossover temperature which defines the transition point from radical termination to chain-branching. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Wenting; Uddi, Mruthunjaya; Won, Sang Hee; Ju, Yiguang] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ju, YG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yju@princeton.edu RI Won, Sang Hee/B-4839-2012; Sun, Wenting/C-7540-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0136]; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the MURI research grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the grant FA9550-07-1-0136 under the technical monitor of program manager Dr. Julian Tishkoff. Part of the research was performed while one of the authors (Timothy Ombrello) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The authors also with to thank Mr. Tim Bennett from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University for the technical support. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3211 EP 3218 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.148 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000180 ER PT J AU Rao, X Hemawan, K Wichman, I Carter, C Grotjohn, T Asmussen, J Lee, T AF Rao, Xing Hemawan, Kadek Wichman, Indrek Carter, Campbell Grotjohn, Timothy Asmussen, Jes Lee, Tonghun TI Combustion dynamics for energetically enhanced flames using direct microwave energy coupling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Plasma enhanced combustion; Microwave; Hydroxyl; Carbon monoxide; Laser induced fluorescence ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; OH BAND; PLASMA; IGNITION; STABILIZATION; A(2)SIGMA+; METHANE AB An atmospheric high-Q re-entrant cavity applicator is used to couple microwave (2.45 GHz) electromagnetic energy directly into the reaction zone of a premixed laminar methane-oxygen flame for flame enhancement. As microwave energy increases, a transition from electric field enhancement to microwave plasma discharge is observed. At low microwave powers (1-5 W), the flame is influenced by an electromagnetic field only. When power is increased, ionization and eventually breakdown of gas molecules result in a plasma plume with significant increase in the flammability limit. 2-D laser induced fluorescence imaging of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and carbon monoxide (CO) are conducted in the reaction zone over this transition, as well as spectrally resolved flame emission measurements to monitor excited state species and derive rotational temperatures using OH chemiluminescence for a range of equivalence ratios (phi = 0.9-1.1) and total flow rates. In the electromagnetic field only phase (1-5 W), flame stability, excited state species, and temperature slightly increased with power while no significant change in OH number density was detected. With the onset of a plasma plume, a significant rise in both excited state species, CO and OH number density was observed. The importance of in-situ fuel reforming in plasma coupled flames is shown through the concentration of CO, which increases similar to 18% with 30 W microwave power. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, Xing; Wichman, Indrek; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hemawan, Kadek; Grotjohn, Timothy; Asmussen, Jes] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 2555 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48840 USA. EM Tonghun@msu.edu RI rao, xing/G-8464-2012; Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0282]; Michigan State University FX This work was supported by the AFOSR (Award# FA9550-09-1-0282) with Dr. Julian Tishkoff as Technical Monitor and through the Michigan State University IRGP Funding. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3233 EP 3240 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.024 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000183 ER PT B AU Fischbach, E Jenkins, JH Buncher, JB Gruenwald, JT Sturrock, PA Javorsek, D AF Fischbach, E. Jenkins, J. H. Buncher, J. B. Gruenwald, J. T. Sturrock, P. A. Javorsek, D., II BE Kostelecky, VA TI EVIDENCE FOR SOLAR INFLUENCES ON NUCLEAR DECAY RATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; NEUTRINO; VARIABILITY AB Recent reports of periodic fluctuations in nuclear decay data of certain isotopes have led to the suggestion that nuclear decay rates are being influenced by the Sun, perhaps via neutrinos. Here we present evidence for the existence of an additional periodicity that appears to be related to the Rieger periodicity well known in solar physics. C1 [Fischbach, E.; Buncher, J. B.; Gruenwald, J. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Javorsek, D., II] 416th Flight Test Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Fischbach, E (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sturrock@stanford.edu FU NSF [AST-0097128]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX We are indebted to D. Alburger, G. Harbottle and H. Schrader for supplying us with their respective raw data. The work of PAS was supported in part by the NSF through Grant AST-0097128, and EF was supported in part by the U.S. DOE contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the USAF, the US DOD, or the US Government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4327-67-1 PY 2011 BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZT UT WOS:000394395200033 ER PT J AU Stevens, CA Pertl, FA Hoke, JL Schauer, FR Smith, JE AF Stevens, C. A. Pertl, F. A. Hoke, J. L. Schauer, F. R. Smith, J. E. TI Comparative testing of a novel microwave ignition source, the quarter wave coaxial cavity igniter SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microwave plasma ignition; microwave cavity; spark ignited; QWCCR ID ENGINES AB The performance of a novel microwave ignition source was experimentally tested against a standard multi-spark ignition system. Comparison of the combustion and detonation performance was measured. The growth of combustion kernels and the discharge pattern of the igniters were recorded using high-speed video cameras for visual comparison. The results showed that the transition of deflagration to detonation transition was comparable between the two ignition systems. Significant improvement in ignition of lean mixtures of ethylene and ethane were observed for the microwave ignition system over the baseline multi-spark ignition and thus should be considered for application as a lean ignition source. C1 [Pertl, F. A.; Smith, J. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Stevens, C. A.; Hoke, J. L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Schauer, F. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pertl, FA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, RM 343 Engn Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM franz.pertl@mail.wvu.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PY 2011 VL 225 IS D12 BP 1633 EP 1640 DI 10.1177/0954407011411389 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 881LC UT WOS:000299485200006 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, Vincent A. Tsou, Brian H. TI To Honor Fechner and Obey Stevens: Relationships Between Psychophysical and Neural Nonlinearities SO PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE inner and outer psychophysics; Naka Rushton neural nonlinearity; MacKay model; Weber's law; psychophysical power law ID CONTRAST RESPONSE FUNCTION; HUMAN-VISION; WEBERS LAW; POWER-LAW; DARK-ADAPTATION; GAIN-CONTROL; NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCES; SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; SENSORY INTENSITY; LIGHT ADAPTATION AB G. T. Fechner (1860/1966) famously described two kinds of psychophysics: Outer psychophysics captures the black box relationship between sensory inputs and perceptual magnitudes, whereas inner psychophysics contains the neural transformations that Fechner's outer psychophysics elided. The relationship between the two has never been clear. Moreover, psychophysical power laws are found in almost every sensory system, yet the vast majority of neurons show sigmoid nonlinearities. Here, we selectively review the literatures on psychophysical and physiological nonlinearities and show how they can be placed within a framework for understanding the relationship between inner and outer psychophysics: a neural organization with a logical structure commensurate to outer psychophysical theory. In theoretical treatments of Stevens's law, the power law is a consequence of combining a Weber's law scaling of inputs with a Weber's law like scaling of sensation magnitudes, yielding an exponent that is the ratio of the Weber constants. A neural derivation using physiological sigmoid nonlinearities should be commensurate to this internal logic. There is a class of models in which two nonlinear neural mechanisms (e.g., a sensory channel and the cortical numerosity mechanism tapped by magnitude estimation) are coupled through feedback, yielding power law behavior as an emergent property of the system, with an exponent that is a ratio of neural coupling strengths. Rather than a discrepancy between psychophysics and physiology, these models suggest complementarity between inner and outer psychophysics, because the Weber constants required for outer psychophysics modeling can be derived from the sigmoid nonlinearities of inner psychophysics. C1 [Billock, Vincent A.] USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Room 210,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vincent.billock.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council/Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was funded in part by a National Research Council/Air Force Office of Scientific Research Senior Associate Award to Vincent A. Billock. We thank John C. Baird and Donald Laming for critiquing earlier versions of this article and Richard Rand and Phillip Holmes for help in deriving Equation 23. NR 166 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0033-2909 J9 PSYCHOL BULL JI Psychol. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1037/a0021394 PG 18 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 707KL UT WOS:000286285100001 PM 21219055 ER PT S AU Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Feller, B Landau, M Morath, C AF Cardimona, D. A. Huang, D. H. Feller, B. Landau, M. Morath, C. BE Razeghi, M Sudharsanan, R Brown, GJ TI Enhancing the Performance of Infrared Detectors for Space Applications SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VIII CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE plasmonics; tunable detectors; quantum well detectors; quantum dot detectors; metamaterials ID OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; HOLE ARRAYS AB At the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate, we are investigating how nanostructured metal surfaces can produce plasmon-enhanced fields to improve detectivity of a detector material placed directly below the metal surface. We are also investigating a wavelength-tunable detector scheme that involves a coupled double quantum well structure with a thin middle barrier between the two wells. The photocurrent from this structure will be swept out with a lateral bias. Another form of wavelength tunability is to have a tunable filter in front of a broadband detector. There are many avenues of research that lead to such a device. The way we are approaching this is via the new field of metamaterials. Not only might these new materials present us a way to tune the light that is incident upon a detector, but such research might also lead to ways to obtain sub-diffraction-limit resolution and the concentration of light using flat lenses for increased signal-to-noise ratios. In this talk we will discuss the research efforts being pursued in the above areas. C1 [Cardimona, D. A.; Huang, D. H.; Feller, B.; Landau, M.; Morath, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-482-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7945 AR 79451J DI 10.1117/12.870326 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BWE00 UT WOS:000293695800046 ER PT S AU Cowan, VM Morath, CP Swift, SM Myers, S Gautam, N Krishna, S AF Cowan, Vincent M. Morath, Christian P. Swift, Seth M. Myers, Stephen Gautam, Nutan Krishna, Sanjay BE Razeghi, M Sudharsanan, R Brown, GJ TI Gamma-ray Irradiation Effects on InAs/GaSb-based nBn IR Detector SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VIII CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE nBn; SLS; InAs/GaSb; total ionizing dose; TID; superlattice; gamma irradiation; infrared ID SUPERLATTICE AB IR detectors operated in a space environment are subjected to a variety of radiation effects while required to have very low noise performance. When properly passivated, conventional mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-based infrared detectors have been shown to perform well in space environments. However, the inherent manufacturing difficulties associated with the growth of MCT has resulted in a research thrust into alternative detector technologies, specifically type-II Strained Layer Superlattice (SLS) infrared detectors. Theory predicts that SLS-based detector technologies have the potential of offering several advantages over MCT detectors including lower dark currents and higher operating temperatures. Experimentally, however, it has been found that both p-on-n and n-on-p SLS detectors have larger dark current densities than MCT-based detectors. An emerging detector architecture, complementary to SLS-technology and hence forth referred to here as nBn, mitigates this issue via a uni-polar barrier design which effectively blocks majority carrier conduction thereby reducing dark current to more acceptable levels. Little work has been done to characterize nBn IR detectors tolerance to radiation effects. Here, the effects of gamma-ray radiation on an nBn SLS detector are considered. The nBn IR detector under test was grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy and is composed of an InAs/GaSb SLS absorber (n) and contact (n) and an AlxGa1-xSb barrier (B). The radiation effects on the detector are characterized by dark current density measurements as a function of bias, device perimeter-to-area ratio and total ionizing dose (TID). C1 [Cowan, Vincent M.; Morath, Christian P.; Swift, Seth M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cowan, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vincent.cowan@kirtland.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-482-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7945 AR 79451S DI 10.1117/12.873413 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BWE00 UT WOS:000293695800053 ER PT J AU Lyon, DR Gunzelmann, GM AF Lyon, Don R. Gunzelmann, Glenn M. TI Functional equivalence and spatial path memory SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spatial memory; Spatial cognition; Visualization; Self-motion; Mental imagery ID LOCATIONAL REPRESENTATION; 3-D SOUND; LANGUAGE; IMAGERY; VISION; TESTS; TASK AB Loomis, Klatzky, Avraamides, Lippa and Golledge (2007) suggest that, when it comes to spatial information, verbal description and perceptual experience are nearly functionally equivalent with respect to the cognitive representations they produce. We tested this idea for the case of spatial memory for complex paths. Paths consisted entirely of unit-length segments followed by 90-degree turns, thus assuring that a path could be described with equal precision using either an egocentric verbal description or a virtual self-motion experience. The verbal description was analogous to driving directions (e. g., turn left and go one block, then turn right, etc.) except in three dimensions (allowing rotation followed by up or down movement). Virtual self-motion was depicted as first-person travel through a 3D grid of featureless corridors. Comparison of these two conditions produced a result that may be surprising to some, but nevertheless appears to support the notion of functional equivalence: Virtual self-motion does not produce better path memory than verbal description, when care is taken to present equally precise path information. This result holds for even very complex paths and despite evidence from proximity-based interference that the memory representation of the path is spatial. C1 [Lyon, Don R.] USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Lyon, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM don.lyon@mesa.afmc.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [02HE01COR, 10RH06COR] FX We thank Kevin Gluck, Michael Krusmark, Chris Myers, Gabriel Radvansky, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments; Rayka Mohebbi and Ben Sperry for software development; Christy Caballero and Monica Nguyen for research assistance; and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support (Grants 02HE01COR and 10RH06COR). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1747-0218 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 64 IS 11 BP 2081 EP 2087 DI 10.1080/17470218.2011.618227 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 878TZ UT WOS:000299281200001 PM 22044400 ER PT S AU Siegel, S AF Siegel, Stefan BE Noack, BR Morzynski, M Tadmor, G TI Feedback Flow Control in Experiment and Simulation Using Global Neural Network Based Models SO REDUCED-ORDER MODELLING FOR FLOW CONTROL SE CISM Courses and Lectures LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSIENT CYLINDER WAKE; LOW-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; DYNAMICS AB For feedback control of complex spatio-temporally evolving flow fields, it imperative to use a global flow model for both flow state estimation, as well as controller development. It is important that this model correctly presents not just the natural, unforced flow state, but also the interaction of actuators with the flow for both open and closed loop situations. In order to achieve this, a novel extension of POD is introduced in this chapter, which we refer to as Double POD (DPOD). This decomposition allows the construction of a POD basis that is valid for a variety of flow conditions, which may be distinguished by changes in actuation, Reynolds number or other parameters. While traditionally the velocity field has been used as input for POD, other variables, for example the pressure or density field, may be used as well. The mode amplitudes of the DPOD spatial modes are then used as input for a system identification process, the nonlinear ANN-ARX method is employed here. The result is a dynamic model that represents both the unforced, open loop forced and closed loop flow fields with good accuracy. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 6H27, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Noack, Bernd/B-1242-2012 OI Noack, Bernd/0000-0001-5935-1962 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0254-1971 BN 978-3-7091-0757-7 J9 CISM COURSES LECT PY 2011 VL 528 BP 253 EP 286 D2 10.1007/978-3-7091-0758-4 PG 34 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mechanics GA BWG93 UT WOS:000293862600005 ER PT S AU Mooers, RD Cherry, MR Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Sabbagh, HA Boehnlein, TR AF Mooers, R. D. Cherry, M. R. Knopp, J. S. Aldrin, J. C. Sabbagh, H. A. Boehnlein, T. R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI LOW FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT BENCHMARK STUDY FOR MODEL VALIDATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Model Validation; Benchmark; Eddy Current; Oblique Notch; VIC 3D (c); ECSIM; COMSOL (R) AB This paper presents results of an eddy current model validation study. Precise measurements were made using an impedance analyzer to investigate changes in impedance due to Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) notches in aluminum plates. Each plate contained one EDM notch at an angle of 0, 10, 20, or 30 degrees from the normal of the plate surface. Measurements were made with the eddy current probe both scanning parallel and perpendicular to the notch length. The experimental response from the vertical and oblique notches will be reported and compared to results from different numerical simulation codes. C1 [Mooers, R. D.; Boehnlein, T. R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cherry, M. R.; Knopp, J. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, J. C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Sabbagh, H. A.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. RP Mooers, RD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1063/1.3591874 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300041 ER PT S AU Cherry, M Mooers, R Knopp, J Aldrin, JC Sabbagh, HA Boehnlein, T AF Cherry, M. Mooers, R. Knopp, J. Aldrin, J. C. Sabbagh, H. A. Boehnlein, T. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI LOW FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT FINITE ELEMENT MODEL VALIDATION AND BENCHMARK STUDIES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Finite Element; Eddy Current; Benchmark; Modeling AB A finite element method (FEM) model was created to calculate the change in impedance of a coil due to the presence of a notch in a plate. The rectangular notches were created via electrical discharge machining (EDM) in a thick aluminum plate and were positioned at normal and oblique angles (10, 20, and 30 degrees) with respect to the vertical axis of the coil. The FEM method was chosen for this model due to its ability to solve problems in complicated geometries with the use of irregular mesh elements to discretize the solution domain. The change in impedance was calculated from the field variables in the simulation for each probe position along the parallel axis of the plate. The error between the model and the experimental data was approximately 5% for the majority of cases. The validated model was used to investigate more complex problems. C1 [Cherry, M.; Knopp, J.] Univ Dayton, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mooers, R.; Boehnlein, T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Aldrin, J. C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL USA. [Sabbagh, H. A.] LLC, Victor Technol, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Cherry, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1063/1.3591875 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300042 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP Sabbagh, HA AF Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. Blodgett, Mark P. Sabbagh, Harold A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION IN EDDY CURRENT NDE INVERSE PROBLEMS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Corrosion; Eddy Current; Inverse Problems; Uncertainty Propagation AB The probabilistic collocation method (PCM) was introduced to efficiently propagate the distributions of input parameters for eddy current NDE inverse problems. A multilevel approach was also considered to simultaneously address input parameter variability and the uniqueness of the inversion result. A case study is presented for the problem of characterizing material loss in a multi-layer structure with varying liftoff and material properties. The performance and sensitivity of the uncertainty propagation method using PCM was evaluated under varying conditions. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge support for this study was provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Support for the acquisition of the experimental data was provided by Rick Reibel of UDRI. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1063/1.3591909 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300076 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Modic, A AF Blackshire, James L. Modic, Aaron BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI SURFACE-BREAKING CRACK DEPTH ASSESSMENT USING NEAR-FIELD SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE SIGNAL RESPONSE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Surface Acoustic Wave; Surface Breaking Crack Depth; Near-Field Scatter ID ULTRASONIC SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH-WAVES AB A method for determining the local depth of a surface-breaking crack is presented based on near-field surface acoustic wave signal responses. Finite element models were used to study the forward problem, where the characteristic response of a surface acoustic wave incident on a surface-breaking crack oriented normal to the material surface was investigated. Experimental validation of the modeling predictions was accomplished using a wedge transducer for surface wave generation and a scanning laser vibrometry system for surface wave detection. The characteristic near-field amplitude response in reflection and in transmission showed several unique features, which are attributed to the superposition of incident, transmitted, reflected, and scattered energy fields. In the d/lambda range of 0.1 - 0.8, an approximate linear trend was observed, which provides an opportunity to characterize and quantify local crack depth based on a simple linear inversion method. Finite element and experimental evidence of this effect are presented for surface-breaking slots with depths between 300um to 450um. C1 [Blackshire, James L.; Modic, Aaron] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1063/1.3591915 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300082 ER PT S AU Cooney, AT Flattum-Riemers, RY Scott, BJ AF Cooney, Adam T. Flattum-Riemers, Richard Y. Scott, Benjamin J. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIAL DEGRADATION IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES USING INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Infrared; Spectroscopy; Ceramic Matrix Composites ID OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Ceramic matrix composite materials for thermal protection systems are required to maintain operational performance in extreme thermal and mechanical environments. In-service inspection of materials capable of assessing the degree and extent of damage and degradation will be required to ensure the safety and readiness of future air vehicles. Infrared reflectance spectroscopy is an established material characterization technique capable of extracting information regarding the chemical composition of substances. The viability of this technique as a potentially powerful nondestructive evaluation method capable of monitoring degradation in thermal protection system materials subjected to extreme mechanical and thermal environments is analyzed. Several oxide-based and non-oxide-based ceramic matrix composite materials were stressed to failure in a high temperature environment and subsequently measured using infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Spectral signatures at locations along the length of the samples were compared resulting in distinct and monotonic reflectance peak changes while approaching the fracture point. The chemical significance of the observed signatures and the feasibility of infrared reflectance nondestructive evaluation techniques are discussed. C1 [Cooney, Adam T.; Flattum-Riemers, Richard Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NonDestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Scott, Benjamin J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Cooney, AT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NonDestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 950 EP 955 DI 10.1063/1.3592040 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300115 ER PT S AU Medina, EA Blodgett, MP Martin, RW Sathish, S AF Medina, E. A. Blodgett, M. P. Martin, R. W. Sathish, S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF DUAL MICROSTRUCTURE TURBINE ENGINE DISK MATERIAL SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Nondestructive Evaluation; LSHR Alloy; Hybrid Disk; Dual Microstructure Disk; Dual Microstructure Heat Treatment; Turbine Engine Disk; Ultrasonic Testing; Eddy Current Testing ID GRAIN-SIZE; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; ULTRASONIC-ATTENUATION AB We present development status and plans for NDE of graded material microstructures such as those found in dual microstructure turbine engine disks. These hybrid disks feature coarse grain microstructures in the rim for increased creep resistance and fine grain microstructures in the bore for optimal fracture toughness and fatigue resistance. Preliminary eddy current measurements and ultrasonic measurements, including longitudinal, shear, and Rayleigh wave velocity, frequency dependent attenuation, and backscattered grain noise resulted in clear identification of the coarse grain, transition, and fine grain regions, and are the basis for development of quantitative methods for NDE of microstructure. C1 [Medina, E. A.; Blodgett, M. P.] AFRL, NDE Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, R. W.; Sathish, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Medina, EA (reprint author), AFRL, NDE Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 1144 EP 1151 DI 10.1063/1.3592064 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300139 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Medina, EA Lindgren, EA Buynak, CF Knopp, JS AF Aldrin, John C. Medina, Enrique A. Lindgren, Eric A. Buynak, Charles F. Knopp, Jeremy S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CASE STUDIES FOR MODEL-ASSISTED PROBABILISTIC RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 30A AND 30B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 18-23, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE DE Model-Assisted POD Evaluation; Probability of Detection (POD); Reliability; Structural Health Monitoring AB This paper describes progress on the development of a protocol and presents several case studies for model-assisted probabilistic reliability assessment of structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies. The design and progress of an experimental demonstration study is presented highlighting the protocol and test plan. A simulation-based study for an SHM system incorporating vibration methods is also introduced to demonstrate the protocol process. Probability of detection and probability of correct characterization curves were generated for different transducer locations providing key insight on sensor placement and expected detection and characterization performance. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Medina, Enrique A.; Lindgren, Eric A.; Buynak, Charles F.; Knopp, Jeremy S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. FU NDE Branch, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-5204]; Radiance Technologies, Inc FX This work was supported by the NDE Branch, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (contract FA8650-09-C-5204 with Radiance Technologies, Inc). The authors would like to thank Hank Rinehart, Wes Tharp, Louie Elliot, and Michael Pearson of Radiance Technologies for support and manufacture of the test fixture. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0888-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1335 BP 1589 EP 1596 DI 10.1063/1.3592119 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BYH04 UT WOS:000298674300194 ER PT S AU Murray-Krezan, J Crabtree, PN Picard, RH AF Murray-Krezan, Jeremy Crabtree, Peter N. Picard, Richard H. BE Pham, KD Zmuda, H Cox, JL Meyer, GJ TI A study of image quality for imagery generated by standard and hybrid intensity interferometers SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Phase retrieval; hybrid input-output algorithm; intensity interferometry; computational imaging ID PHASE RETRIEVAL AB Phase retrieval is explored for image reconstruction using outputs from both a simulated intensity interferometer (II) and a hybrid system that combines the II outputs with partially resolved imagery from a traditional imaging telescope. Partially resolved imagery provides an additional constraint for the phase retrieval process, as well as an improved starting point for the algorithm. The benefits of this additional a priori information are explored, and when combined with standard constraints such as positivity and compact support include faster convergence, increased sensitivity, and improved image quality. C1 [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy; Crabtree, Peter N.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Murray-Krezan, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-618-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8044 AR 80440Q DI 10.1117/12.883458 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVS72 UT WOS:000292687100020 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Druschitz, AP Senkova, SV Kendig, KL Griffin, J AF Senkov, O. N. Druschitz, A. P. Senkova, S. V. Kendig, K. L. Griffin, J. BE Tiryakioglu, M Campbell, J Crepeau, PN TI ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH SAND CASTINGS FROM ALUMINUM ALLOY 7042 SO SHAPE CASTING: 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 2011 IN HONOR OF PROF. JOHN T. BERRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Shape Casting held during the 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div, Aluminum Comm, The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Solidificat Comm DE cast aluminum alloy; solidification under pressure; ultra-high strength AB Ultra high strength aluminum alloy castings with good ductility have been successfully produced using the combination of bonded sand casting, an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc alloy (AA 7042) and solidification under pressure. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Senkova, S. V.; Kendig, K. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0002-9336-3702; Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the UAB metals casting group for producing the castings evaluated in this study. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported through the through the Air Force Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11802-937-4 PY 2011 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIB51 UT WOS:000327261400024 ER PT B AU Carlisle, MC AF Carlisle, Martin C. GP ACM TI Why I Came Back to Ada SO SIGADA 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADA AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the ACM SIGada Programming Language CY NOV 06-10, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP ACM SIGAda, ACM SIGCSE, ACM SIGAPP, ACM SIGBED, ACM SIGPLAN, ACM SIGCAS, Ada Europe, AdaCore, Ellidiss Software, LRDA, Rapita Syst DE SPARK; Formal Methods C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carlisle, MC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K41, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM martin.carlisle@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-1028-4 PY 2011 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAG40 UT WOS:000304072500013 ER PT S AU Jones, E Scalzo, M Bubalo, A Alford, M Arthur, B AF Jones, Eric Scalzo, Maria Bubalo, Adnan Alford, Mark Arthur, Benjamin BE Kadar, I TI Measures of Nonlinearity for Single Target Tracking Problems SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XX CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Nonlinearity; Tracking; Parameter Effects Curvature; Normalized Estimation Error Squared; Normalized Innovation Squared; Extended Kalman Filter; Unscented Kalman Filter AB The tracking of objects and phenomena exhibiting nonlinear motion is a topic that has application in many areas ranging from military surveillance to weather forecasting. Observed nonlinearities can come not only from the nonlinear dynamic motion of the object, but also from nonlinearities in the measurement model. Many techniques have been developed that attempt to deal with this issue, including the development of various types of filters, such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), variants of the Kalman Filter (KF), as well as other filters such as the Particle Filter (PF). Determining the effectiveness of any of these techniques in nonlinear scenarios is not straightforward. Testing needs to be accomplished against scenarios whose degree of nonlinearity is known. This is necessary if reliable assessments of the effectiveness of nonlinear mitigation techniques are to be accomplished. In this effort, three techniques were investigated regarding their ability to provide useful measures of nonlinearity for representative scenarios. These techniques were the Parameter Effects Curvature (PEC), the Normalized Estimation Error Squared (NEES), and the Normalized Innovation Squared (NIS). Results indicated that the NEES was the most effective, although it does require truth values in its formulation. C1 [Jones, Eric; Scalzo, Maria; Bubalo, Adnan; Alford, Mark; Arthur, Benjamin] USAF, Res Lab, RIEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Jones, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RIEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-624-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8050 AR 805003 DI 10.1117/12.884773 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVN64 UT WOS:000291978200002 ER PT S AU Oxley, ME Daly, KE Schubert-Kabban, CM Zitelli, DA AF Oxley, Mark E. Daly, Kathleen E. Schubert-Kabban, Christine M. Zitelli, David A. BE Kadar, I TI Sequential Fusion SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XX CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sequential Fusion; Classification System; ROC Curve; ROC Manifold; Believe the Positive; Believe the Negative; Believe the Extreme AB A classification system such as an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system might yield better performance when fused sequentially than in parallel. Most fused systems have parallel architecture, but, the medical community often uses sequential tests due to costs constraints. We define the different types of sequential fusion and investigate their characteristics. We compare parallel fused systems with sequential fused systems. Another goal of this paper is to compare competing sequential fused systems to arrive at an optimal architecture design given the systems at hand. These systems may be legacy systems whose performances are well known. If these systems have known Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves/manifolds then we derive a formula that yields the ROC curve/manifold for the resultant sequentially fused system, thus, enabling one to make these comparisons. This formula is distribution free. We give an example to demonstrate the utility of our method, and show that one can play "what if" scenarios. C1 [Oxley, Mark E.; Schubert-Kabban, Christine M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.oxley@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-624-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8050 AR 80500V DI 10.1117/12.884702 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVN64 UT WOS:000291978200026 ER PT S AU Scalzo, M Jones, E Bubalo, A Alford, M Wood, G AF Scalzo, Maria Jones, Eric Bubalo, Adnan Alford, Mark Wood, Gregory BE Kadar, I TI Road Network Estimation through GMTI Track Fusion SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XX CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE road networks; ground moving target indicator; dynamic time warping; conflation; track fusion AB Road networks and associated traffic flow information are topics that have an innumerable number of applications, ranging from highway planning to military intelligence. Despite the importance of these networks, archival databases that often have update rates on the order of years or even decades have historically been the main source for obtaining and analyzing road network information. This somewhat static view of a potentially changing infrastructure can cause the information to therefore be incomplete and incorrect. Furthermore, these road databases are not only static, but rarely provide information beyond a simple two-dimensional view of a road, where divided high-ways are represented in the same manner as a rural dirt road. It is for these reasons that the use of Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) data and tracks to create road networks is explored. This data lends itself to being able to not only provide a single static snapshot of a network that is considered the network for years, but to provide a consistently accurate and updated changing picture of the environment. The approach employed for creating a road network from GMTI tracks includes a technique known as Continuous Dynamic Time Warping (CDTW), as well as a general fusion routine. C1 [Scalzo, Maria; Jones, Eric; Bubalo, Adnan; Alford, Mark; Wood, Gregory] USAF, Res Lab, RIEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Scalzo, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RIEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-624-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8050 AR 805002 DI 10.1117/12.884699 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVN64 UT WOS:000291978200001 ER PT J AU Zumas, B Dyche, J Fogler, KA Nash, MI AF Zumas, B. Dyche, J. Fogler, K. A. Nash, M., I TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONOTYPE, GPA AND TOTAL SLEEP TIME IN A MILITARY COLLEGE POPULATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Zumas, B.] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Sch Appl Profess Psychol, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Dyche, J.] James Madison Univ, Dept Psychol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Fogler, K. A.] St Louis Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Nash, M., I] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Usafa, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0169 BP A61 EP A61 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834400170 ER PT J AU Feng, J Pandey, RB Berry, RJ Farmer, BL Naik, RR Heinz, H AF Feng, Jie Pandey, Ras B. Berry, Rajiv J. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. Heinz, Hendrik TI Adsorption mechanism of single amino acid and surfactant molecules to Au {111} surfaces in aqueous solution: design rules for metal-binding molecules SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORGANIC-SURFACES; AU(111) SURFACES; FORCE-FIELD; DYNAMICS; GOLD; PEPTIDES; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACES; PROTEINS AB The adsorption mechanism of twenty amino acids and four surfactants was examined on a {111} surface of gold in dilute aqueous solution using molecular dynamics simulation with a broadly applicable intermolecular potential CHARMM-METAL. All molecules are attracted to the surface between -3 and -26 kcal mol(-1). The adsorption strength correlates with the degree of coordination of polarizable atoms (O, N, C) to multiple epitaxial sites. Therefore, the molecular size and geometry rather than the specific chemistry determine the adsorption energy. Large molecules with planar sp(2) hybridized groups (Arg, Trp, Gln, Tyr, Asn, and PPh3) adsorb most strongly, followed by molecules with polar sp(3) hybridized groups, and short molecules with sp(3) hybridized alkyl groups exhibit least attraction. Conformationally flexible, extended molecules such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) also showed significant attraction to the metal surface related to accommodation in epitaxial grooves and coordination with numerous epitaxial sites. Computational results are consistent with combinatorial binding experiments, observations in the growth and stabilization of metal nanoparticles, and ab initio data. The mechanism of adsorption conforms to soft epitaxy observed for peptides on metal surfaces (H. Heinz et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 9704) and enables the de novo design of molecules for binding to a given metal surface. In addition to soft epitaxy, contributions to adsorption are possible by covalent bonding and induced charges. C1 [Feng, Jie; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Berry, Rajiv J.; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); National Science Foundation [DMR-0955071]; Ohio Department of Development; University of Akron FX We acknowledge support by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), the National Science Foundation (DMR-0955071), the Ohio Department of Development, the University of Akron, as well as the allocation of computer resources at the Ohio Supercomputing Center. We are grateful for discussions with Lawrence Drummy, Richard Vaia, AFRL, and Michael Bockstaller, Carnegie Mellon University. NR 56 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 92 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2113 EP 2120 DI 10.1039/c0sm01118e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 724PN UT WOS:000287588800070 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Koerner, H Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI Light-activated shape memory of glassy, azobenzene liquid crystalline polymer networks SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ELASTOMERS; ACTUATORS; COMPOSITES; FILM AB Rapidly reconfigurable, adaptive materials are essential for the realization of "smart'', highly engineered technologies sought by aerospace, medicine, and other application areas. Shape memory observed in metal alloys and polymers (SMPs) is a primary example of shape change (adaptation). To date, nearly all shape adaptations in SMPs have been thermally triggered. A desire for isothermal, remotely cued shape adaptations of SMP has motivated examinations of other stimuli, such as light. Only a few reports document so-called light-activated SMP, in both cases exploiting photoinduced adjustments to the crosslink density of a polymer matrix with UV light of 365 nm (crosslinking) and <260 nm (decrosslinking). This work presents a distinctive approach to generating light-activated SMP by employing a glassy liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) material that is capable of rapid photo-fixing with short exposures (<5 min) of eye-safe 442 nm light. Here, linearly polarized 442 nm light is used to photo-fix temporary states in both cantilever and free-standing geometries which are then thermally or optically restored to the permanent shape. The combination of thermal and photo-fixable shape memory presented here yields substantial functionality in a single adaptive material that could reduce part count in applications. As a demonstration of the opportunities afforded by this functional material, the glassy, photoresponsive LCN is thermally fixed as a catapult and subsequently used to transduce light energy into mechanical work, demonstrated here in the "photo-fueled'' launching of an object at a rate of 0.3 m s(-1). C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI Lee, Kyung Min/B-4408-2011; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 40 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 19 U2 119 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 9 BP 4318 EP 4324 DI 10.1039/c1sm00004g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 751QZ UT WOS:000289634000032 ER PT J AU Birnkrant, MJ Li, CY Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Birnkrant, Michael J. Li, Christopher Y. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Permeable nanoconfinement of hierarchical block copolymer volume gratings SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; BOTTOM-UP; LITHOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; BANDGAP AB A hierarchical structure of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) block copolymer (BCP) confined between crosslinked resin was patterned into Bragg volume gratings using a holographic polymerization (HP) process. The BCP formed a lamellar structure confined between the layers of the grating created by HP. The periods of the volume grating and the BCP were controlled to be similar to 200 nm and 20 nm, respectively. These two different length scale layers were aligned parallel to one another yielding a polymeric film which exhibits distinct diffraction behavior due to a periodic refractive index variation. This system exhibits complex thermo-optical behavior during heating and cooling cycles with reversible changes in both the diffraction wavelength and efficiency induced by BCP melting and crystallization in the confined region. Transmission electron microscopy studies show reversible diffusion of PEO-b-PCL into and out of the crosslinked resin, indicating that the nanoconfinement imposed by the resin is soft and permeable for the BCP. The morphological changes in nanoconfinement with temperature account for the complex thermo-optical behavior of the grating and the system provides an interesting platform to investigate soft nanoconfinement of BCP materials. C1 [Birnkrant, Michael J.; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Birnkrant, Michael J.; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM Chrisli@drexel.edu RI Li, Christopher/A-1603-2012; Fan, Yin/G-2594-2011 FU NSF [CMMI-0900162, DMR-0804838]; Drexel University; Sigma Xi FX This work was supported by the NSF CMMI-0900162 and DMR-0804838. MJB thanks the NSF GK-12 Fellowship, Drexel University Dean's Fellowship and Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research for their support. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 10 BP 4729 EP 4734 DI 10.1039/c0sm01558j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 759FZ UT WOS:000290227400022 ER PT S AU Balasubramaniam, KS Pevtsov, A AF Balasubramaniam, K. S. Pevtsov, Alexei BE Fineschi, S Fennelly, J TI Ground Based Synoptic Instrumentation for Solar Observations SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation IV CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION AB We will describe the status of current ground-based solar spectroscopic and imaging instruments used in solar observations. We will describe the advantages and disadvantages of using these two classes of instruments with examples drawn from the Improved Solar Optical Observing Network (ISOON) and Synoptic Long Term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) Network. Besides instrumental requirements and lessons learned from existing ground-based instruments, this talk will also focus on the future needs and requirements of ground-based solar optical observations. C1 [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Balasubramaniam, KS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933; Pevtsov, Alexei/0000-0003-0489-0920 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-758-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8148 AR 814809 DI 10.1117/12.892824 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ21 UT WOS:000297671900008 ER PT S AU Lindstrom, CD Sullivan, JD Dichter, BK Hanser, FA Carssow, D Galica, GE AF Lindstrom, Chadwick D. Sullivan, James D. Dichter, Bronislaw K. Hanser, Frederick A. Carssow, Douglas Galica, Gary E. BE Fineschi, S Fennelly, J TI Characterization of Teledyne Microdosimeters for Space Weather Applications SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation IV CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE dosimetry; space particles; radiation detectors; total integrated dose; solar proton events AB The Teledyne microdosimeter is a novel miniature dosimeter that has become recently available to satellite manufacturers and programs to provide awareness of the total radiation dose received by the satellite and its associated subsystems. A characterization of the response of the dosimeter to protons of energies from 30 - 200 MeV as a function of angle, energy and dose rate is presented in this paper. In addition, the response of the dosimeter to a simulated Solar proton event with several different levels of shielding has been measured. These results show that the dosimeter response is relatively uniform over a wide range of conditions for protons. Monte Carlo modeling of the dosimeter for isotropic particle fluxes (both electrons and protons) has also been accomplished. It is shown that a simplified model is appropriate in determining the response of the dosimeter when using it to design low cost, simple instruments for space weather and situational awareness applications. C1 [Lindstrom, Chadwick D.; Carssow, Douglas] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland, NM 87117 USA. RP Lindstrom, CD (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-758-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8148 AR 814806 DI 10.1117/12.893814 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXZ21 UT WOS:000297671900005 ER PT B AU Jata, KV Parthasarathy, TA AF Jata, Kumar V. Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. BE Johnson, SB Gormley, TJ Kessler, SS Mott, CD PattersonHine, A Reichard, KM Scandura, PA TI Physics of Failure SO SYSTEM HEALTH MANAGEMENT: WITH AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DELAMINATION; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS C1 [Jata, Kumar V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Jata, KV (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-99404-6; 978-0-470-74133-7 PY 2011 BP 199 EP 217 D2 10.1002/9781119994053 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BA6FH UT WOS:000337126800017 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. BE Titterton, DH Richardson, MA TI Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures VIII CY SEP 21-22, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE Alkali lasers; Optically pumped lasers; Diode laser pump; DPAL ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; INDUCED AMPLIFIED EMISSION; SODIUM VAPOR; POTASSIUM LASER; CS LASER; ARRAY; POWER; EXCITATION; ATOMS AB Diode pumped alkali lasers attract growing attention during the past several years because they have demonstrated potential to compete and, possibly, replace the best existing high power laser systems. In spite of the fact that an optically pumped alkali (potassium) vapor laser was first proposed by A.L. Schawlow and C.H. Townes in 1958, the intensive research and development of alkali vapor started only in 2003, when really efficient lasing in Rb and Cs vapors was demonstrated. The interest to this research was stimulated by the possibility of using efficient diode lasers for optical pumping of the alkali gain medium that promises high overall efficiency of the device. A variety of experiments on alkali lasers, including the demonstration of efficient Rb, Cs and K vapor lasers, power scaling experiments with multiple diode laser pumping sources and experiments on diode pumped alkali vapor amplifiers were performed during the past several years. In this paper we present a review of the most important achievements in high power alkali lasers research and development, discuss some problems existing in this field and future perspectives in DPAL development. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-815-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8187 AR 818707 DI 10.1117/12.897533 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXX95 UT WOS:000297571800004 ER PT J AU Michael, G AF Michael, George TI 7 Deadly Scenarios: A Military Futurist Explores War in the 21st Century SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Michael, George] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Michael, G (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 AR PII 931347991 DI 10.1080/09546553.2011.533078 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 696AV UT WOS:000285415200014 ER PT J AU Michael, G AF Michael, George TI Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What To Do About It SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Michael, George] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Michael, G (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 124 EP 126 AR PII 931348210 DI 10.1080/09546553.2011.533082 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 696AV UT WOS:000285415200017 ER PT J AU Michael, G AF Michael, George TI Peddling Peril: How the Secret Nuclear Trade Arms America's Enemies SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Michael, George] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Michael, G (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1080/09546553.2011.621825 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 881FD UT WOS:000299466400010 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS AF Lucas, Matthew S. GP TMS TI Phonon thermodynamics of binary Fe alloys SO TMS2011 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2: MATERIALS FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TMS 140th Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS DE Phonons; Order-Disorder; Phase Diagrams ID ELASTIC STIFFNESS COEFFICIENTS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND FEAL; IRON-ALUMINUM ALLOYS; EMBRITTLEMENT; TEMPERATURES; BEHAVIOR; ENTROPY; RANGE; CR AB The phonon density of states provides the vibrational entropy, making it a key thermodynamic function for understanding alloy phase transformations. The significance of phonon thermodynamics is discussed in the context of recent measurements on binary alloys of Fe with Al, Co, and Cr. For equiatomic B2 ordered FeAl, the vibrational entropy of vacancy formation counteracts the corresponding change in configurational entropy, destabilizing vacancies. Changes in the phonon spectrum upon ordering in equiatomic FeCo are accurately captured using the cluster inversion method for measurements on random solid solutions. For FeCr alloys, the positive vibrational entropy of mixing helps to stabilize the random solid solution with respect to the unmixed phase. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11802-946-6 PY 2011 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHY36 UT WOS:000327013200048 ER PT J AU Debon, M Vander Weg, MW Sherrill-Mittleman, D Klesges, RC Talcott, GW AF Debon, Margaret Vander Weg, Mark W. Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah Klesges, Robert C. Talcott, Gerald W. TI Drinking and Driving and Riding With an Alcohol Impaired Driver Among United States Air Force Recruits SO TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Alcohol use; Binge drinking; Military trainees ID DUTY MILITARY PERSONNEL; BINGE DRINKING; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; MEN AB Objective: To identify the prevalence and correlates of binge drinking, driving after drinking, and riding in a vehicle with a driver who had consumed alcohol in US Air Force active duty recruits. Methods: A military cohort (N = 31,108; 25.1% female) was analyzed to identify variables associated with binge drinking, drinking and driving, and riding with a driver who had consumed alcohol. Results: Results indicated that 53 percent (including 45% of those under the legal drinking age) reported alcohol use in the month prior to entering basic military training (BMT). Thirty-eight percent of all active duty recruits reported binge drinking (ie, consuming 5 or more drinks on a single occasion) at least one time in the past 30 days. Nearly 1 in 4 (23%) reported 1 to 3 episodes of binge drinking. Three percent of reported alcohol users drove after consuming five or more drinks, and 9 percent rode as a passenger in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking heavily. Conclusions: Several demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of risky drinking patterns were identified. Prevention efforts are needed to address the implications of these findings because they influence the health, safety, and military readiness of active duty personnel. C1 [Debon, Margaret; Klesges, Robert C.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Vander Weg, Mark W.] VA Med Ctr, CRIISP, Iowa City, IA USA. [Vander Weg, Mark W.] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah; Klesges, Robert C.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Talcott, Gerald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Debon, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 66 N Pauline,Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM mdebon@uthsc.edu OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL053478] FX The authors thank the staff of Wilford Hall Medical Center at Lackland Air Force Base for their assistance in the completion of this study. This study was supported by research grant HL053478 awarded to Dr. Robert C. Klesges by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1538-9588 EI 1538-957X J9 TRAFFIC INJ PREV JI Traffic Inj. Prev. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 AR PII 935981704 DI 10.1080/15389588.2010.543202 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation GA 746NT UT WOS:000289254700003 PM 21469019 ER PT B AU Stokes, CK Lyons, JB Schneider, TR AF Stokes, Charlene K. Lyons, Joseph B. Schneider, Tamera R. BE Stanton, NA TI The Impact of Mood on Interpersonal Trust: Implications for Multicultural Teams SO TRUST IN MILITARY TEAMS SE Human Factors in Defence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUP MEMBERSHIP; VIRTUAL TEAMS; EMOTION; MODEL; COMMUNICATION; ORGANIZATIONS; COOPERATION; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; DIMENSIONS C1 [Stokes, Charlene K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensemaking & Org Effectiveness Branch, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lyons, Joseph B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Schneider, Tamera R.] Wright State Univ, Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Stokes, CK (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensemaking & Org Effectiveness Branch, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0449-1; 978-1-4094-0448-4 J9 HUM FACT DEFENCE PY 2011 BP 13 EP 30 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4PI UT WOS:000352812500003 ER PT B AU Lyons, JB Stokes, CK Schneider, TR AF Lyons, Joseph B. Stokes, Charlene K. Schneider, Tamera R. BE Stanton, NA TI Predictors and Outcomes of Trust in Teams SO TRUST IN MILITARY TEAMS SE Human Factors in Defence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERPERSONAL-TRUST; 5-FACTOR MODEL; VIRTUAL TEAMS; PERFORMANCE; PERSONALITY; WORK; TRUSTWORTHINESS; NEUROTICISM; VALIDATION; ABILITY C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Stokes, Charlene K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensemaking & Org Effectiveness Branch, Dayton, OH USA. [Schneider, Tamera R.] Wright State Univ, Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0449-1; 978-1-4094-0448-4 J9 HUM FACT DEFENCE PY 2011 BP 31 EP 47 PG 17 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4PI UT WOS:000352812500004 ER PT B AU Lyons, JB Funke, GJ Nelson, A Knott, BA AF Lyons, Joseph B. Funke, Gregory J. Nelson, Alex Knott, Benjamin A. BE Stanton, NA TI Exploring the Impact of Cross-Training on Team Process SO TRUST IN MILITARY TEAMS SE Human Factors in Defence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIRTUAL TEAMS; RISK-TAKING; TRUST; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; TRUSTWORTHINESS; AUTOMATION; TIME C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.; Funke, Gregory J.; Nelson, Alex; Knott, Benjamin A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0449-1; 978-1-4094-0448-4 J9 HUM FACT DEFENCE PY 2011 BP 49 EP 67 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4PI UT WOS:000352812500005 ER PT B AU Fitzhugh, EW Hoffman, RR Miller, JE AF Fitzhugh, Elisabeth W. Hoffman, Robert R. Miller, Janet E. BE Stanton, NA TI Active Trust Management SO TRUST IN MILITARY TEAMS SE Human Factors in Defence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST; INTEGRATIVE MODEL; AUTOMATION; RELIANCE C1 [Fitzhugh, Elisabeth W.] SRA Int Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hoffman, Robert R.] Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. [Miller, Janet E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fitzhugh, EW (reprint author), SRA Int Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0449-1; 978-1-4094-0448-4 J9 HUM FACT DEFENCE PY 2011 BP 197 EP 218 PG 22 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4PI UT WOS:000352812500012 ER PT S AU Cain, SC AF Cain, Stephen C. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL Rogers, S Casasent, DP TI Power Requirements for Polarimetric SAR Imaging SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING, WAVEFRONT SENSING, AND ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING AND NON-IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Speckle Imaging; Image Reconstruction; Statistical Optics AB Polarimetric SAR imaging is a direct-detection LADAR imaging technique designed to synthesize a large aperture made up of independent detectors all sensing a common beam of light that is polarized in nature. The aperture synthesis allows the array of detectors to achieve spatial resolution consistent with a monolithic aperture of a similar size. Unanswered questions remain about the use of this technique including how much power/aperture product is required in order to achieve a specified degree of spatial resolution. Also of concern is how much speckle averaging is necessary to overcome noise inherent in this type of synthetic aperture system. This paper addresses these questions by formulating relationships between array size, target size, laser energy per pulse, number of pulses required in averaging and the desired resolution of the system. Computer simulations are presented which demonstrate these relationships for a common resolution target. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-775-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8165 AR 81650H DI 10.1117/12.891388 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXZ26 UT WOS:000297677300008 ER PT S AU Crabtree, PN Murray-Krezan, J Picard, RH AF Crabtree, Peter N. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy Picard, Richard H. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL Rogers, S Casasent, DP TI A Study of Image Reconstruction Algorithms for Hybrid Intensity Interferometers SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING, WAVEFRONT SENSING, AND ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING AND NON-IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Phase retrieval; hybrid input-output algorithm; saddle-point optimization; intensity interferometry; computational imaging; data fusion ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL AB Phase retrieval is explored for image reconstruction using outputs from both a simulated intensity interferometer (II) and a hybrid system that combines the II outputs with partially resolved imagery from a traditional imaging telescope. Partially resolved imagery provides an additional constraint for the iterative phase retrieval process, as well as an improved starting point. The benefits of this additional a priori information are explored and include lower residual phase error for SNR values above 0.01, increased sensitivity, and improved image quality. Results are also presented for image reconstruction from II measurements alone, via current state-of-the-art phase retrieval techniques. These results are based on the standard hybrid input-output (HIO) algorithm, as well as a recent enhancement to HIO that optimizes step lengths in addition to step directions. The additional step length optimization yields a reduction in residual phase error, but only for SNR values greater than about 10. Image quality for all algorithms studied is quite good for SNR >= 10, but it should be noted that the studied phase-recovery techniques yield useful information even for SNRs that are much lower. C1 [Crabtree, Peter N.; Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Crabtree, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-775-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8165 AR 81650S DI 10.1117/12.894069 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXZ26 UT WOS:000297677300018 ER PT S AU Crabtree, PN Murray-Krezan, J AF Crabtree, Peter N. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL Rogers, S Casasent, DP TI Geometric super-resolution via log-polar FFT image registration and variable pixel linear reconstruction SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING, WAVEFRONT SENSING, AND ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING AND NON-IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE multi-frame super-resolution; geometric super-resolution; image registration; optical flow; variable pixel linear reconstruction; data fusion AB Various image de-aliasing techniques and algorithms have been developed to improve the resolution of pixel-limited imagery acquired by an optical system having an undersampled point spread function. These techniques are sometimes referred to as multi-frame or geometric super-resolution, and are valuable tools because they maximize the imaging utility of current and legacy focal plane array (FPA) technology. This is especially true for infrared FPAs which tend to have larger pixels as compared to visible sensors. Geometric super-resolution relies on knowledge of subpixel frame-to-frame motion, which is used to assemble a set of low-resolution frames into one or more high-resolution (HR) frames. Log-polar FFT image registration provides a straightforward and relatively fast approach to estimate global affine motion, including translation, rotation, and uniform scale changes. This technique is also readily extended to provide subpixel translation estimates, and is explored for its potential combination with variable pixel linear reconstruction (VPLR) to apportion a sequence of LR frames onto a HR grid. The VPLR algorithm created for this work is described, and HR image reconstruction is demonstrated using calibrated 1/4 pixel microscan data. The HR image resulting from VPLR is also enhanced using Lucy-Richardson deconvolution to mitigate blurring effects due to the pixel spread function. To address non-stationary scenes, image warping, and variable lighting conditions, optical flow is also investigated for its potential to provide subpixel motion information. Initial results demonstrate that the particular optical flow technique studied is able to estimate shifts down to nearly 1/10(th) of a pixel, and possibly smaller. Algorithm performance is demonstrated and explored using laboratory data from visible cameras. C1 [Crabtree, Peter N.; Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Crabtree, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-775-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8165 AR 81650O DI 10.1117/12.894123 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXZ26 UT WOS:000297677300014 ER PT S AU Mantravadi, S Cain, SC AF Mantravadi, Samuel Cain, Stephen C. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL Rogers, S Casasent, DP TI Blind Deconvolution of Long Exposure Lens-Based Chromotomographic Spectrometer Data SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING, WAVEFRONT SENSING, AND ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING AND NON-IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SIMULTANEOUS ACQUISITION AB Projection-based chromotomographic spectrometers are sensors that collect both spatial and spectral information with fairly simple optical as well as electronic hardware. Efforts to utilize them for remote sensing applications have met with obstacles primarily due to the fact that the impulse response of the imaging system as a function of wavelength must be know in order to reconstruct the spatial/spectral content of the scene under study. This paper reports a blind deconvolution algorithm specifically designed to reconstruct the spectrum of the scene under study as well as an estimate of the wavelength dependent atmospheric transfer function of the system. The method is tested using simulated data with realistic turbulence and noise factors in order to demonstrate its effectiveness. C1 [Mantravadi, Samuel] USAF, Off Sci Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mantravadi, S (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-775-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8165 AR 81650Q DI 10.1117/12.892801 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXZ26 UT WOS:000297677300016 ER PT S AU Neff, BJ Cain, SC Martin, RK AF Neff, Brian J. Cain, Stephen C. Martin, Richard K. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL Rogers, S Casasent, DP TI Discrimination of multiple ranges per pixel in 3D FLASH LADAR while minimizing the effects of diffraction SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING, WAVEFRONT SENSING, AND ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING AND NON-IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Gaussian mixture model; expectation maximization (EM); Richardson-Lucy deconvolution; LADAR; Range estimation AB The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm to enhance the utility of 3D FLASH laser radar sensors through accurate ranging to multiple surfaces per image pixel. Using this algorithm it will be possible to realize numerous enhancements over both traditional Gaussian mixture modeling and single surface range estimation. While traditional Gaussian mixture modeling can effectively model the received pulse, we know that the received pulse is likely corrupted due to optical aberrations from the imaging system and the medium through which it is imaging. Additionally, only identifying a single surface per pulse may result in the loss of valuable information about partially obscured surfaces. Ultimately, this algorithm in conjunction with other recent research may allow for techniques that enhance the spatial resolution of an image, improve image registration and enable the detection of obscured targets with a single pulse. C1 [Neff, Brian J.; Cain, Stephen C.; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Neff, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-775-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8165 AR 81650J DI 10.1117/12.891783 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXZ26 UT WOS:000297677300010 ER PT S AU Spencer, MF Cusumano, SJ AF Spencer, Mark F. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL Rogers, S Casasent, DP TI Impact of branch points in adaptive optics compensation of thermal blooming and turbulence SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING, WAVEFRONT SENSING, AND ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING AND NON-IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thermal Blooming; Phase Compensation Instability; Adaptive Optics AB Adaptive optics (AO) can be used to mitigate turbulence; however, when a single deformable mirror is used for phase-only compensation of thermal blooming, analysis predicts the possibility of instability. This instability is appropriately termed phase compensation instability (PCI) and arises with the time-dependent development of spatial perturbations found within the high-energy laser (HEL) beam. These spatial perturbations act as local hot spots that produce negative-lens-like optical effects in the atmosphere. An AO system corrects for the hot spots by applying positive-lens-like phase compensations. In turn, this increases the strength of the thermal blooming and leads to a runaway condition, i.e., positive feedback, in the AO control loop. This study uses computational wave-optics simulations to model horizontal propagation with the effects of thermal blooming and turbulence for a focused Gaussian HEL beam. A point-source beacon and nominal AO system are used for phase compensation. Previous results show that a high number of branch points limit the development of PCI for phase compensation of only thermal blooming. For phase compensation of thermal blooming and turbulence, the number of branch points decreases and system performance is reduced. A series of computational wave-optics experiments are presented which explore the possibility for PCI. C1 [Spencer, Mark F.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spencer, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.spencer@afit.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-775-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8165 AR 816503 DI 10.1117/12.894079 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXZ26 UT WOS:000297677300002 ER PT S AU Bedford, RG Hessenius, C Terry, N Moloney, J Fallahi, M AF Bedford, Robert G. Hessenius, Chris Terry, Nathan Moloney, Jerome Fallahi, Mahmoud BE Keller, U TI Gain coupling VECSELs SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) provide a laser design platform in order to explore a variety of systems, and their flexibility eases this exploration. Moreover, their high-brightness operation makes them attractive for many applications. In considering the methods of coupling VECSELs as well as their potential uses, we begin by reporting on the development of a gain coupled VECSEL for use in optical switching. In particular, two VECSEL cavities share a common gain region; the competition for a common set of carriers dictate how these cavities interact. The easiest manifestation to realize gain coupling is to utilize a linear cavity as well as a v-cavity, built around a single half-vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) chip. The cavity gain/loss of each cavity can be controlled independently through use of birefringent filters, allowing us to explore the design space, which can be divided up into coarse behavior, easy to analyze through comparing the two uncoupled lasers, and a fine behavior, where one cavity will affect the other and each cavity can lase simultaneously, sometimes at dramatically different wavelengths. These two regions may be explained with simple rate equations, and it will be shown that if prepared properly, spontaneous emission plays a large role in balancing the two laser cavities within the fine regime, while may be completely neglected in the coarse regime. C1 [Bedford, Robert G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bedford, RG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8456-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7919 AR 791906 DI 10.1117/12.873864 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC29 UT WOS:000297922400004 ER PT J AU Myers, CW Gray, WD Sims, CR AF Myers, Christopher W. Gray, Wayne D. Sims, Chris R. TI The insistence of vision: Why do people look at a salient stimulus when it signals target absence? SO VISUAL COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Visual search; Exogenous; Endogenous; Ideal performer model; Saccadic reaction time ID STATISTICAL DECISION-THEORY; SACCADIC EYE-MOVEMENTS; VISUAL-SEARCH; COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES; INTERACTIVE BEHAVIOR; ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE; REFLEXIVE SACCADES; SOFT CONSTRAINTS; MODEL; MEMORY AB Researchers and practitioners across many fields would benefit from the ability to predict human search time in complex visual displays. However, a missing element in our ability to predict search time is our ability to quantify the exogenous attraction of visual objects in terms of their impact on search time. The current work represents an initial step in this direction. We present two experiments using a quadrant search task to investigate how exogenous and endogenous factors influence human visual search. In Experiment 1, we measure the oculomotor capture-or the tendency of a stimulus to elicit a saccade-of a salient quadrant under conditions in which the salient quadrant does not predict target location. Despite the irrelevance of quadrant salience, we find that subjects persist in making saccades towards the salient quadrant at above-chance levels. We then present a Bayesian-based ideal performer model that predicts search time and oculomotor capture when the salient quadrant never contains the search target. Experiment 2 tested the predictions of the ideal performer model and revealed human performance to be in close correspondence with the model. We conclude that, in our speeded search task, the influence of an exogenous attractor on saccades can be quantified in terms of search time costs and, when these costs are considered, both search time and search behaviour reflect a boundedly optimal adaptation to the cost structure of the environment. C1 [Myers, Christopher W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gray, Wayne D.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY USA. [Sims, Chris R.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Myers, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2558 5th St Bldg 852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.myers2@wpafb.af.mil RI Sims, Chris/I-4983-2012; Gray, Wayne/C-1809-2008 OI Gray, Wayne/0000-0002-1704-7433 NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1350-6285 EI 1464-0716 J9 VIS COGN JI Vis. Cogn. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1122 EP 1157 DI 10.1080/13506285.2011.614379 PG 36 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 865ZU UT WOS:000298350200002 ER PT S AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. BE Papadakis, M VanDeVille, D Goyal, VK TI Deterministic matrices with the restricted isometry property SO WAVELETS AND SPARSITY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelets and Sparsity XIV CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE compressed sensing; restricted isometry property; deterministic constructions ID CONSTRUCTIONS AB The state of the art in compressed sensing uses sensing matrices which satisfy the restricted isometry property (RIP). Unfortunately, the known deterministic RIP constructions fall short of the random constructions, which are only valid with high probability. In this paper, we consider certain deterministic constructions and compare different proof techniques that demonstrate RIP in the deterministic setting. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mixon, DG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dmixon@princeton.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-748-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8138 AR 81380A DI 10.1117/12.895080 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXX99 UT WOS:000297583100007 ER PT S AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG Poteet, MJ AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. Poteet, Miriam J. BE Papadakis, M VanDeVille, D Goyal, VK TI Frame completions for optimally robust reconstruction SO WAVELETS AND SPARSITY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelets and Sparsity XIV CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE information fusion; frame completion ID ADVENT; BASES; LIFE AB In information fusion, one is often confronted with the following problem: given a preexisting set of measurements about an unknown quantity, what new measurements should one collect in order to accomplish a given fusion task with optimal accuracy and efficiency. We illustrate just how difficult this problem can become by considering one of its more simple forms: when the unknown quantity is a vector in a Hilbert space, the task itself is vector reconstruction, and the measurements are linear functionals, that is, inner products of the unknown vector with given measurement vectors. Such reconstruction problems are the subject of frame theory. Here, we can measure the quality of a given frame by the average reconstruction error induced by noisy measurements; the mean square error is known to be the trace of the inverse of the frame operator. We discuss preliminary results which help indicate how to add new vectors to a given frame in order to reduce this mean square error as much as possible. C1 [Fickus, Matthew; Poteet, Miriam J.] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-748-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8138 AR 81380Q DI 10.1117/12.891813 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXX99 UT WOS:000297583100019 ER PT S AU Massar, ML Bhagavatula, R Ozolek, JA Castro, CA Fickus, M Kovacevic, J AF Massar, Melody L. Bhagavatula, Ramamurthy Ozolek, John A. Castro, Carlos A. Fickus, Matthew Kovacevic, Jelena BE Papadakis, M VanDeVille, D Goyal, VK TI A domain-knowledge-inspired mathematical framework for the description and classification of H&E stained histopathology images SO WAVELETS AND SPARSITY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelets and Sparsity XIV CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE local histogram; occlusion; texture; classification; segmentation AB We present the current state of our work on a mathematical framework for identification and delineation of histopathology images-local histograms and occlusion models. Local histograms are histograms computed over defined spatial neighborhoods whose purpose is to characterize an image locally. This unit of description is augmented by our occlusion models that describe a methodology for image formation. In the context of this image formation model, the power of local histograms with respect to appropriate families of images will be shown through various proved statements about expected performance. We conclude by presenting a preliminary study to demonstrate the power of the framework in the context of histopathology image classification tasks that, while differing greatly in application, both originate from what is considered an appropriate class of images for this framework. C1 [Massar, Melody L.; Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R03 EB009875] NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-748-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8138 AR 81380U DI 10.1117/12.893641 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXX99 UT WOS:000297583100023 PM 22942990 ER PT J AU Troe, J Marowsky, G Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Troe, Juergen Marowsky, Gerd Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI On the Temperature Dependence of the Thermal Electron Attachment to SF6, SF5Cl, and POCl3 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electron Attachment ID SUPERSONIC BEAM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULES; ENERGY; COLLISIONS; CAPTURE; ANIONS; CF3BR AB A simplified model for electron attachment to neutral molecules, separating electron-phonon coupling (or intramolecular vibrational redistribution, IVR) factors into an electronic and a nuclear contribution, is tested by comparison with experimental results for the nondissociative electron attachments to SF6, SF5Cl, and POCl3. It is shown that the experimental results can approximately be reproduced by the fit of two parameters, one of them characterizing the dependence of the IVR factor on the electron energy and one accounting for an effective threshold energy for overlap of vibrational wave functions on anionic and neutral potential energy surfaces. After fitting these parameters, temperature dependences over wide ranges of conditions can be represented. Likewise, kinetic modeling of dissociative processes of the highly excited anions produced by attachment is facilitated. C1 [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen; Marowsky, Gerd] Laser Lab Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de FU EOARD [FA 8655-10-1-3057] FX This article is dedicated to Professor Katharina Kohse-Hoinghaus, acknowledging her eminent contributions to reaction kinetics and physical chemistry in general. The work was supported by the EOARD Grant Award FA 8655-10-1-3057. Many helpful discussions with E. E. Nikitin and technical help by A. I. Maergoiz are also acknowledged. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 225 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 1405 EP 1416 DI 10.1524/zpch.2011.0187 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 880GQ UT WOS:000299393700015 ER PT J AU Garmatyuk, D Schuerger, J Kauffman, K AF Garmatyuk, Dmitriy Schuerger, Jonathan Kauffman, Kyle TI Multifunctional Software-Defined Radar Sensor and Data Communication System SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Communications; orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM); spread spectrum radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); ultra-wideband (UWB) ID BAND; SUBSURFACE; PEAK AB Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal coding and system architecture were implemented to achieve radar and data communication functionalities. The resultant system is a software-defined unit, which can be used for range measurements, radar imaging, and data communications. Range reconstructions were performed for ranges up to 4 m using trihedral corner reflectors with approximately 203 m of radar cross section at the carrier frequency; range resolution of approximately 0.3 m was demonstrated. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image of a single corner reflector was obtained; SAR signal processing specific to OFDM signals is presented. Data communication tests were performed in radar setup, where the signal was reflected by the same target and decoded as communication data; bit error rate of <5% was achieved at 57 Mb/s. The system shows good promise as a multifunctional software-defined sensor which can be used in radar sensor networks. C1 [Garmatyuk, Dmitriy] Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Schuerger, Jonathan] Raytheon Co, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Kauffman, Kyle] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Garmatyuk, D (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM gar-matd@muohio.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0297] FX Manuscript received May 28, 2010; accepted May 28, 2010. Date of publication June 10, 2010; date of current version November 03, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-07-1-0297. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Evgeny Katz. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2010.2052100 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 676VP UT WOS:000283947100004 ER PT J AU Earle, GD Bhaneja, P Roddy, PA Swenson, CM Barjatya, A Bishop, RL Bullett, TW Crowley, G Redmon, R Groves, K Cosgrove, R Vadas, SL AF Earle, G. D. Bhaneja, P. Roddy, P. A. Swenson, C. M. Barjatya, A. Bishop, R. L. Bullett, T. W. Crowley, G. Redmon, R. Groves, K. Cosgrove, R. Vadas, Sharon L. TI A comprehensive rocket and radar study of midlatitude spread F SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; SPORADIC-E LAYERS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INSTABILITY; ELECTRODYNAMICS; PROPAGATION; CONVECTION; GENERATION; CAMPAIGN AB An instrumented sounding rocket launched from Wallops Island Virginia has flown through a midlatitude spread F (MSF) event in conjunction with simultaneous ionosonde, HF radar, and 244 MHz scintillation observations from the ground. The in situ measurements include the electric field, horizontal neutral wind, and plasma density within the spread F region. The ground-based HF radar measurements of wave signatures in the bottomside F region ledge reveal the presence of waves propagating to the north and northwest prior to and during the spreading event. The periods of these bottomside waves range from 16 to 60 min, and they are shown to be associated with a strong tropical storm located similar to 2000 km southeast of the launch site. Enhancements in the auroral current system occur about an hour before the MSF first appears, but none of the observed waves can be attributed to this source. The new phase-sensitive ionosonde system operated at Wallops Island during the experiment confirms the long-standing hypothesis that this particular spread F event arises from multipath echoes distributed over a wide field of view in the bottomside F region. Evidence of vertically displaced plasma that could produce such multipath echoes is observed in the rocket data at and above the F region peak over spatial scales smaller than the wavelengths observed on the bottomside ledge by the HF radar, but similar to the range separation given by the high resolution ionosonde echoes when the scale lengths of the structures are interpreted in magnetic coordinates. No significant plasma density structures smaller than a few kilometers are observed in the rocket data, and no unusual scintillation is observed along a path coincident with the rocket trajectory. C1 [Earle, G. D.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Bhaneja, P.; Bullett, T. W.] NGDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Roddy, P. A.; Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Swenson, C. M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Barjatya, A.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Bishop, R. L.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Crowley, G.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates LLC, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Redmon, R.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cosgrove, R.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vadas, Sharon L.] NW Res Associates, CoRA Div, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. RP Earle, GD (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd,WT 15, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM preeti.bhaneja@noaa.gov RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011 OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719 FU NASA [NNG04WC19G, NNH07AF501, NNG04WC49G, NNH08CE12C] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNG04WC19G, NNH07AF501, NNG04WC49G, and NNH08CE12C. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12339 DI 10.1029/2010JA015503 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 701RJ UT WOS:000285839900002 ER PT J AU Rother, M Schlegel, K Luhr, H Cooke, D AF Rother, M. Schlegel, K. Luehr, H. Cooke, D. TI Validation of CHAMP electron temperature measurements by incoherent scatter radar data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLAR E-REGION; F-REGION; EISCAT OBSERVATIONS; DENSITY; WAVES AB The CHAMP performed electron temperature, T-e, measurements during its mission period from 2000 to 2010. For the validation of these T-e data comparisons with incoherent scatter radar observations at Arecibo and Tromso (EISCAT) have been performed. Data from 94 (143) close encounters of the satellite with the Arecibo (Tromso) radar are available for the validation. Results at Tromso were reasonable, but at Arecibo significant differences, in particular for low temperature, were observed. Investigations showed that CHAMP T-e measurements have a bias which switches sign between northbound and southbound orbit arcs. The global distribution of the bias shows systematic latitudinal structures antisymmetric to the magnetic equator. After correction of this effect, CHAMP T-e data show a good agreement with the radar observations at both sites. From the mean relative deviation we deduce that CHAMP T-e data are low by 3% with a standard deviation of 8%. Validated CHAMP T-e data are available for the period 20 February 2002 through 20 February 2010. C1 [Rother, M.; Luehr, H.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Schlegel, K.] Copernicus Gesell eV, D-37081 Gottingen, Germany. [Cooke, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rother, M (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM rother@gfz-potsdam.de FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE0944] FX We thank the Directors and the staff of EISCAT and Arecibo for providing the data and allowing the use of the MADRIGAL database. The CHAMP mission is sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, following a decision of the German Federal Parliament (grant code 50EE0944). The data retrieval and operation of the CHAMP satellite by the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) is acknowledged. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 45 AR RS6020 DI 10.1029/2010RS004445 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 701RU UT WOS:000285841200001 ER PT J AU Mathews, M Zola, RS Hurley, S Yang, DK White, TJ Bunning, TJ Li, QA AF Mathews, Manoj Zola, Rafael S. Hurley, Shawn Yang, Deng-Ke White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. Li, Quan TI Light-Driven Reversible Handedness Inversion in Self-Organized Helical Superstructures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; TWIST INVERSION; PHASE; AZOBENZENE; CHIRALITY; SWITCHES; DISPLAYS; PITCH; STATE AB We report here a fast-photon-mode reversible handedness inversion of a self-organized helical superstructure (i.e., a cholesteric liquid crystal phase) using photoisomerizable chiral cyclic dopants. The two light-driven cyclic azobenzenophanes with axial chirality show photochemically reversible trans to cis isomerization in solution without undergoing thermal or photoinduced racemization. As chiral inducing agents, they exhibit good solubility, high helical twisting power, and a large change in helical twisting power due to photoisomerization in three commercially available, structurally different achiral liquid crystal hosts. Therefore, we were able to reversibly tune the reflection colors from blue to near-IR by light irradiation from the induced helical superstructure. More interestingly, the different switching states of the two chiral cyclic dopants were found to be able to induce a helical superstructure of opposite handedness. In order to unambiguously determine the helical switching, we employed a new method that allowed us to directly determine the handedness of the long-pitched self-organized cholesteric phase. C1 [Mathews, Manoj; Zola, Rafael S.; Hurley, Shawn; Yang, Deng-Ke; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Mathews, Manoj; Zola, Rafael S.; Hurley, Shawn; Yang, Deng-Ke; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, QA (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0193]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [IIP 0750379] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-09-1-0193), the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the National Science Foundation (IIP 0750379). NR 54 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 51 BP 18361 EP 18366 DI 10.1021/ja108437n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 701LF UT WOS:000285818700055 PM 21126075 ER PT J AU Jones, WA Barnes, PN Mullins, MJ Baca, FJ Emergo, RLS Wu, J Haugan, TJ Clem, JR AF Jones, W. A. Barnes, P. N. Mullins, M. J. Baca, F. J. Emergo, R. L. S. Wu, J. Haugan, T. J. Clem, J. R. TI Impact of edge-barrier pinning in superconducting thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; CRITICAL CURRENTS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FLUX; STRIPS AB It has been suggested that edge-barrier pinning might cause the critical current density (J(c)) in bridged superconducting films to increase. Subsequent work indicated that this edge-barrier effect does not impact bridges larger than 1 mu m. However, we provide a theoretical assessment with supporting experimental data suggesting edge-barrier pinning can significantly enhance J(c) for bridges of a few microns or even tens of microns thus skewing any comparisons among institutions. As such, when reporting flux pinning and superconductor processing improvements for J(c) comparisons, the width of the sample has to be taken into consideration as is currently done with film thickness. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3529945] C1 [Jones, W. A.; Mullins, M. J.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jones, W. A.; Barnes, P. N.; Mullins, M. J.; Baca, F. J.; Haugan, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baca, F. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Emergo, R. L. S.; Wu, J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Clem, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jones, WA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM wesley.jones@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research supported this work. We thank R. L. Dunning and J. A. Connors for their help. The University of Kansas thanks the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. Theoretical work at the Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 26 AR 262503 DI 10.1063/1.3529945 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 700TV UT WOS:000285768100048 ER PT J AU Bera, NC Maeda, S Morokuma, K Viggiano, AA AF Bera, Narayan C. Maeda, Satoshi Morokuma, Keiji Viggiano, Al A. TI Theoretical Proton Affinity and Fluoride Affinity of Nerve Agent VX SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; O,S-DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOLATE; 298 K; ATMOSPHERE; GAS; DECONTAMINATION; SOLVOLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS AB Proton affinity and fluoride affinity of nerve agent VX at all of its possible sites were calculated at the RI-MP2/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31G* and RI-MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31+G* levels, respectively. The protonation leads to various unique structures, with H(+) attached to oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms; among which the nitrogen site possesses the highest proton affinity of -Delta E similar to 251 kcal/mol, suggesting that this is likely to be the major product. In addition some H(2), CH(4) dissociation as well as destruction channels have been found, among which the CH(4) + [Et-O-P(=O)(Me)-S-(CH(2))(2)-N(+)(iPr)=CHMe] product and the destruction product forming Et-O-P(=O)(Me)-SMe + CH(2)=N(+)(iPr)(2) are only 9 kcal/mol less stable than the most stable N-protonated product. For fluoridization, the S-P destruction channel to give Et-O-P(=O)(Me)(F) + [S-(CH(2))(2)-N-(iPr)(2)](-) is energetically the most favorable, with a fluoride affinity of -Delta E similar to 44 kcal. Various F(-) ion-molecule complexes are also found, with the one having F(-) interacting with two hydrogen atoms in different alkyl groups to be only 9 kcal/mol higher than the above destruction product. These results suggest VX behaves quite differently from surrogate systems. C1 [Bera, Narayan C.; Maeda, Satoshi; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bera, Narayan C.; Maeda, Satoshi; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Viggiano, Al A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Morokuma, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM morokuma@emory.edu RI Maeda, Satoshi/H-3613-2014 FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0395, FA9550-10-1-0304]; DoD; Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation FX The present research is in part supported by grants from AFOSR (FA9550-07-1-0395 and FA9550-10-1-0304). Computer time was provided by a grant under the DoD-High Performance Computing Program as well as by the Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 50 BP 13189 EP 13197 DI 10.1021/jp107718w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 693PR UT WOS:000285236500030 PM 21117653 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Hazari, N Luzik, ED Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Hazari, Nilay Luzik, Eddie D., Jr. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics following addition of sulfur fluorides to a weakly ionized plasma from 300 to 500 K: Rate constants and product determinations for ion-ion mutual neutralization and thermal electron attachment to SF5, SF3, and SF2- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; AFTERGLOW PLASMAS; RECOMBINATION; APPARATUS; MOLECULES; ANIONS; G3 AB Rate constants for several processes including electron attachment to SF2, SF3, and SF5 and individual product channels of ion-ion mutual neutralization between SF6-, SF5-, and SF4- with Ar+ were determined by variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted with a series of related neutral precursors (SF6, SF4, SF5Cl, SF5C6H5, and SF3C6F5) over a temperature range of 300-500 K. Mutual neutralization rate constants for SF6-, SF5-, and SF4- with Ar+ are reported with uncertainties of 10-25% and show temperature dependencies in agreement with the theoretical value of T-0.5. Product branching in the mutual neutralizations is temperature independent and dependent on the electron binding energy of the anion. A larger fraction of product neutrals from the SF6- mutual neutralization (0.9 +/- 0.1) are dissociated than in the SF5- mutual neutralization (0.65 +/- 0.2), with the SF4- (0.7 +/- 0.3) likely lying in between. Electron attachment to SF5 (k = 2.0 x 10(-8) +/- 2/1 cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K) and SF3 (4 +/- 3 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K) show little temperature dependence. Rate constants of electron attachment to closed-shell SFn species decrease as the complexity of the neutral decreases. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3520150] C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Hazari, Nilay; Luzik, Eddie D., Jr.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Luzik, Eddie D., Jr.] Univ New Haven, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council; [FA8718-06-C-0015] FX The AFRL authors are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. N. S. S. was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. T. M. M. is under contract (FA8718-06-C-0015) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 23 AR 234304 DI 10.1063/1.3520150 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 697NG UT WOS:000285519700022 PM 21186868 ER PT J AU Pfaff, R Rowland, D Freudenreich, H Bromund, K Le, G Acuna, M Klenzing, J Liebrecht, C Martin, S Burke, WJ Maynard, NC Hunton, DE Roddy, PA Ballenthin, JO Wilson, GR AF Pfaff, R. Rowland, D. Freudenreich, H. Bromund, K. Le, G. Acuna, M. Klenzing, J. Liebrecht, C. Martin, S. Burke, W. J. Maynard, N. C. Hunton, D. E. Roddy, P. A. Ballenthin, J. O. Wilson, G. R. TI Observations of DC electric fields in the low-latitude ionosphere and their variations with local time, longitude, and plasma density during extreme solar minimum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL-SPREAD-F; VERTICAL ION DRIFTS; PREREVERSAL ENHANCEMENT; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; ELECTRODYNAMICS; REGION; DEPENDENCE; SATELLITE; BUBBLES; DE-2 AB DC electric fields and associated E x B plasma drifts detected with the double-probe experiment on the C/NOFS satellite during extreme solar minimum conditions near the June 2008 solstice are shown to be highly variable, with weak to moderate ambient amplitudes of similar to 1-2 mV/m (similar to 25-50 m/s). Average field or drift patterns show similarities to those reported for more active solar conditions, i.e., eastward and outward during day and westward and inward at night. However, these patterns vary significantly with longitude and are not always present. Daytime vertical drifts near the magnetic equator are largest in the prenoon sector. Observations of weak to nonexistent prereversal enhancements in the vertical drifts near sunset are attributable to reduced dynamo activity during solar minimum as well as seasonal effects. Enhanced meridional drifts are observed near sunrise in certain longitude regions, precisely where the enhanced eastward flow that persisted from earlier local times terminates. The nightside ionosphere is characterized by larger-amplitude, structured electric fields dominated by horizontal scales of 500-1500 km even where local plasma densities appear relatively undisturbed. Data acquired during successive orbits indicate that plasma drifts and densities are persistently organized by longitude. The high duty cycle of the C/NOFS observations and its unique orbit promise to expose new physics of the low-latitude ionosphere. C1 [Pfaff, R.; Rowland, D.; Freudenreich, H.; Bromund, K.; Le, G.; Acuna, M.; Klenzing, J.; Liebrecht, C.; Martin, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hunton, D. E.; Roddy, P. A.; Ballenthin, J. O.; Wilson, G. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Lincoln, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, W. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Maynard, N. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pfaff, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.f.pfaff@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU USAF Space Test Program FX The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) mission, conceived and developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory, is sponsored and executed by the USAF Space Test Program. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12324 DI 10.1029/2010JA016023 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 699BQ UT WOS:000285639300016 ER PT J AU Broyles, JR Cochran, JK Montgomery, DC AF Broyles, James R. Cochran, Jeffery K. Montgomery, Douglas C. TI A statistical Markov chain approximation of transient hospital inpatient inventory SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Markov chain; Regression; Transient inpatient inventory; Statistical inference ID PATIENT FLOW; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; BLOOD; QUEUE; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR AB Inventory levels are critical to the operations, management, and capacity decisions of inventory systems but can be difficult to model in heterogeneous, non-stationary throughput systems. The inpatient hospital is a complicated throughput system and, like most inventory systems, hospitals dynamically make managerial decisions based oil short term subjective demand predictions. Specifically, short term hospital staffing, resource capacity, and finance decisions are made according to hospital inpatient inventory predictions. Inpatient inventory systems have non-stationary patient arrival and service processes. Previously developed models present poor inventory predictions due to model subjectivity, high model complexity, solely expected value predictions, and assumed stationary arrival and service processes. Also, no models present statistical testing for model significance and quality-of-fit. This paper presents a Markov chain probability model that uses maximum likelihood regression to predict the expectations and discrete distributions of transient inpatient inventories. The approach has a foundation in throughput theory, has low model complexity, and provides statistical significance and quality-of-fit tests unique to this Markov chain. The Markov chain is shown to have superior predictability over Seasonal ARIMA models. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Broyles, James R.; Montgomery, Douglas C.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cochran, Jeffery K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Broyles, JR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM James.Broyles@asu.edu; Jeffery.Cochran@afit.edu; Dcug.Montgomery@asu.edu FU Banner Health, Phoenix FX This research is support by Banner Health, Phoenix, AZ. The authors would like to thank Twila Burdick, VP of Organizational Performance, and Management Engineering at Banner Health. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 207 IS 3 BP 1645 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2010.06.021 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 675MX UT WOS:000283835900047 ER PT J AU Wang, X Cao, L Bunker, CE Meziani, MJ Lu, FS Guliants, EA Sun, YP AF Wang, Xin Cao, Li Bunker, Christopher E. Meziani, Mohammed J. Lu, Fushen Guliants, Elena A. Sun, Ya-Ping TI Fluorescence Decoration of Defects in Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; MATRIX; FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYMER; CELLS; DOTS AB Well-dispersed and functionalized carbon nanotubes exhibit visible fluorescence emissions due to passivated defects on the nanotube surface. It was found in this study that the defects in nanotubes could be decorated by an inorganic salt, which augmented the passivation effect of organic functionalization to result in dramatically enhanced emission intensities under both one-and two-photon excitation conditions. The structures and properties of the functionalized carbon nanotubes with inorganic coating were thoroughly characterized by using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The fluorescence decoration with the coating may serve as a tool in the study of surface defects in carbon nanotubes, and these brightly fluorescent pseudo-one-dimensional nanomaterials may be exploited for optical applications. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Xin; Cao, Li; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wang, Xin; Cao, Li; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu OI Lu, Fushen/0000-0002-3323-7181 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Susan G. Komen for the Cure; NSF; ACS-PRF FX This work was made possible by the support from Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanoenergetics program. L.C. was supported by a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellowship. Additional supports from NSF (Y.-P.S.) and ACS-PRF (Y.-P.S.) are also acknowledged. F.L. was a participant in the Palmetto Academy, an education-training program managed by South Carolina Space Grant Consortium. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 20941 EP 20946 DI 10.1021/jp1046408 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 690GP UT WOS:000284990800004 ER PT J AU Kar, T Scheiner, S Patnaik, SS Bettinger, HF Roy, AK AF Kar, Tapas Scheiner, Steve Patnaik, Soumya S. Bettinger, Holger F. Roy, Ajit K. TI IR Characterization of Tip-Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHEMISTRY; PURIFICATION; SOLUBILITY; DENSITY; ONIOM AB Vibrational frequencies of functionalized groups (-COOH, CONH2, and COOCH3) of tip-modified single-wall carbon nanotubes are estimated using density functional theory. Both metallic (5,5) and semiconducting (10,0) nanotubes are considered with single and multiple functional groups at their tip. Several differences in frequency and intensity of the characteristic C=O band between (5,5) and (10,0) tubes are observed, which might help experimentalists to identify different tubes. For example, (5,5) tubes exhibit higher C=O frequencies than (10,0) tubes for all groups, and these bands are more intense in the latter tubes. These differences persist within a narrow range of diameter. To understand the effect of nanotubes on the spectra, fragment models containing parts of tube attached to functional groups are also studied. Such a computationally inexpensive model (compared to full tube) faithfully reproduces IR spectra and may be used for a wide range of end-modified tubes. C1 [Kar, Tapas; Scheiner, Steve] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Patnaik, Soumya S.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Bettinger, Holger F.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapas.kar@usu.edu OI Bettinger, Holger F./0000-0001-5223-662X FU US DoD; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung FX This work was supported by the US DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) and by Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. We thank the AFRL/DSRC personnel for their support in using the AFRL DoD Supercomputing resources. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 20955 EP 20961 DI 10.1021/jp104883e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 690GP UT WOS:000284990800006 ER PT J AU Norquist, DC Meeks, WC AF Norquist, Donald C. Meeks, Warner C. TI A comparative verification of forecasts from two operational solar wind models SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORONA AB The solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) have a significant influence on the near-Earth space environment. In this study we evaluate and compare forecasts from two models that predict SW and IMF conditions: the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry (HAF) version 2, operational at the Air Force Weather Agency, and Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) version 1.6, executed routinely at the Space Weather Prediction Center. SW speed (V-sw) and IMF polarity (B-pol) forecasts at L1 were compared with Wind and Advanced Composition Explorer satellite observations. Verification statistics were computed by study year and forecast day. Results revealed that both models' mean V-sw are slower than observed. The HAF slow bias increases with forecast duration. WSA had lower V-sw forecast-observation difference (F-O) absolute means and standard deviations than HAF. HAF and WSA V-sw forecast standard deviations were less than observed. V-sw F-O mean square skill rarely exceeds that of recurrence forecasts. B-pol is correctly predicted 65%-85% of the time in both models. Recurrence beats the models in B-pol skill in nearly every year forecast day category. Verification by "event" (flare events <= 5 days before forecast start) and "nonevent" (no flares) forecasts showed that most HAF V-sw bias growth, F-O standard deviation decrease, and forecast standard deviation decrease were due to the event forecasts. Analysis of single time step V-sw increases of >= 20% in the nonevent forecasts indicated that both models predicted too many occurrences and missed many observed incidences. Neither model had skill above a random guess in predicting V-sw increase arrival time at L1. C1 [Norquist, Donald C.; Meeks, Warner C.] USAF, Battlespace Environm Div, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Norquist, DC (reprint author), USAF, Battlespace Environm Div, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Space Vehicles Directorate Space Scholars program; applied research program; Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We thank Ghee Fry of Exploration Physics, Inc. for his guidance in setting up and executing the HAF model, as well as for providing the event files listing the specification of flare properties. We express our appreciation to our colleague Nick Arge for providing the WSA model code, the MWO magnetic field map files, and the Wind/ACE observations. The WIND satellite data were originally obtained from Massachusetts Institute of Technology Space Plasma Group and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the ACE data were obtained from the ACE Science Center at California Institute of Technology. Funding for the second author was provided by the Space Vehicles Directorate Space Scholars program. Overall funding and support for this project was provided by the applied research program and the Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S12005 DI 10.1029/2010SW000598 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696XR UT WOS:000285475200002 ER PT J AU Siefert, NS AF Siefert, Nicholas S. TI Electrical double layers at shock fronts in glow discharges and afterglows SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HAIRPIN RESONATOR; WAVE PROPAGATION; DENSITY; PLASMAS; PROBES; FLOW AB This paper examines the propagation of spark-generated shockwaves (1.0 2 MeV electron flux to determine which model or method gives the best +1, +2, and +3 day forecasts of average daily flux during the interval 1996-2008. Model inputs include combinations of Sigma K(p), the daily average solar wind speed, and daily average > 2 MeV electron fluxes for one day or multiple days prior to the forecast days of interest. Prediction efficiencies are calculated for 6 month intervals. After evaluating all the models, there was no clear winner; each model did well at different phases of the solar cycle. All models perform their best during the inclining phase of solar minimum but not as well during solar maximum and the declining phase of solar minimum. While persistence is respectable for +1 day prediction, models clearly give superior +2 and +3 day predictions and should be used to obtain those forecasts. C1 [Perry, K. L.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Ginet, G. P.; Hilmer, R. V.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perry, KL (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM kara.perry.1@bc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8718-06-C-0015, FA8718-05-C-0036] FX Special thanks goes to Terry Onsager, NOAA/SWPC, and Xinlin Li, LASP/University of Colorado, for providing model codes and operating instructions. The author gratefully acknowledges the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for supporting this research under contract FA8718-06-C-0015. The opinions discussed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of AFRL or other affiliated agencies. Work completed by A. G. Ling was supported by AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S12002 DI 10.1029/2010SW000581 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690QB UT WOS:000285018200001 ER PT J AU Fredland, JS AF Fredland, John S. TI BUILDING A BETTER CYBERSECURITY ACT: EMPOWERING THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH AGAINST CYBERSECURITY EMERGENCIES SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Fredland, John S.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fredland, John S.] 92D Air Refueling Wing, Fairchild AFB, WA USA. [Fredland, John S.] AF Legal Operat Agcy, Appellate Def Div, Washington, DC USA. [Fredland, John S.] AF Legal Serv Agcy, Yokota Air Base, Japan. [Fredland, John S.] 374th Airlift Wing, Yokota Air Base, Japan. [Fredland, John S.] 12th Flying Training Wing, Legal Assistance Operat Law & Claims, Randolph AFB, TX USA. RP Fredland, JS (reprint author), Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 206 BP 1 EP 42 PG 42 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 801JP UT WOS:000293435100001 ER PT J AU Revelle, JB AF Revelle, Jack B. TI COMBINING QUALITY, SAFETY AND FINANCE Similar toolsets ease transitions between fields SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Article C1 [Revelle, Jack B.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 12 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA 797UF UT WOS:000293154900025 ER PT J AU Metroke, TL Henley, MV AF Metroke, Tammy L. Henley, Michael V. TI Modification of poly(vinyl butyral) coatings using bis-silanes SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE Bis-silane; Diffusion; Barrier coatings; Poly(vinyl butyral) ID EPOXY COATINGS; SILICA HYBRIDS; GEL; POLYMERIZATION; MONOMER AB A commercially available poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) coating was modified using a combination of 1-10 wt.% bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene and dibutyltin dilaurate as the hydrolysis catalyst. Results of attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR analysis indicated the modification resulted in a hybrid coating material containing silicate moieties covalently bonded to the PVB polymer chains. Gravimetric analysis indicted the bis-silane addition resulted in a reduction in the diffusion coefficient of the parent coating to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), diisopropyl methylphosphonate, and methyl salicylate; the most significant reduction was observed for 2-CEES and DMMP at temperatures >= 50 degrees C. Glass transition temperature, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and coating hardness were increased upon incorporation of the bis-silane. Despite incorporation of an inorganic component, coating flexibility was retained at low temperature (-15 degrees C). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Metroke, Tammy L.] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Henley, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Metroke, TL (reprint author), 139 Barnes,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM tammy.metroke.ctr@tyndall.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory for financial support, Ms. Uttara Mazumdar for her assistance with physical testing of the coatings, Ms. Sue Broxson for assistance with the permeation study, and Ms. Brittney English for assistance with the infrared spectroscopy. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 69 IS 4 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.08.012 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 687YK UT WOS:000284814200023 ER PT J AU Teyskal, H AF Teyskal, Hans TI On the Power Absorbed and Scattered by an Antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Antennas; antenna theory; receiving antennas; electromagnetic scattering; antenna scattering ID RECEIVING ANTENNAS AB We discuss the powers absorbed and scattered by a receiving antenna. Most antennas scatter more than they absorb. Antennas that scatter less power than they absorb are rare, and the few examples that have been presented are all based on numerical optimization. This note presents a simple conceptual model - a partially transparent aperture antenna - which provides physical insight into the case where the scattering is less than the absorption. Finally, we comment on the far field in the forward-scattering direction, noting that the total field actually is increased, although the scatterer blocks the incident field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Teyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM hans.steyskal.ctr@hanscom.af.mil FU AFOSR/NE FX Constructive comments by Dr. A. Yaghjian and Dr. J. K. Schindler, which contributed to the readability of this note, and financial support by AFOSR/NE under Dr. A. Nachman, are gratefully acknowledged. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 6 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1109/MAP.2010.5723219 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 731DG UT WOS:000288085900004 ER PT J AU Cohen, JA Pradipta, R Burton, LM Labno, A Lee, MC Watkins, BJ Fallen, C Kuo, SP Burke, WJ Mabius, D See, BZ AF Cohen, J. A. Pradipta, R. Burton, L. M. Labno, A. Lee, M. C. Watkins, B. J. Fallen, C. Kuo, S. P. Burke, W. J. Mabius, D. See, B. Z. TI Generation of ionospheric ducts by the HAARP HF heater SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference and Advanced School on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond CY JUL 27-AUG 07, 2009 CL Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, ITALY HO Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ID VLF TRANSMISSIONS; IRREGULARITIES AB We report an investigation of ionospheric ducts having the shape of large plasma sheets, generated by vertically transmitted HAARP HF heater waves in several experiments conducted in Gakona, Alaska. Theory predicts that O-mode heater wave-created ionospheric ducts form parallel-plate waveguides within the meridional plane, and those generated by the X-mode heater waves are orthogonal to the meridional plane. Our theoretical prediction is supported by measurements of ionosonde data (namely ionograms), range-time-intensity (RTI) plots of UHF and HF backscatter radars, as well as magnetometer data analyses. When these plasma sheets experienced E x B drifts, they were intercepted by the HAARP UHF radar and seen as slanted stripes in the RTI plots. This striking feature was also observed in our earlier experiments using the Arecibo UHF radar. C1 [Cohen, J. A.; Pradipta, R.; Burton, L. M.; Labno, A.; Lee, M. C.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, M. C.; Mabius, D.; See, B. Z.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Watkins, B. J.; Fallen, C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kuo, S. P.] NYU, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Burke, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cohen, JA (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mclee@mit.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL T142 AR 014040 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2010/T142/014040 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 700XG UT WOS:000285777700042 ER PT J AU Seidel, J Fagley, C McLaughlin, T AF Seidel, J. Fagley, C. McLaughlin, T. TI Structure identification in turbulent flows for feedback flow control SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference and Advanced School on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond CY JUL 27-AUG 07, 2009 CL Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, ITALY HO Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; TRANSIENT CYLINDER WAKE; VORTEX; MODE AB Feedback flow control strategies have traditionally been developed by focusing on prototype laminar flows such as the wake behind a cylinder or a free shear layer. Many strategies rely on some form of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the velocity field to identify the flow structures that need to be mitigated. However, in turbulent flows, POD does not readily identify the large, coherent motion targeted by flow control. Ongoing research at the US Air Force Academy is focused on developing feedback flow control strategies for the turbulent shear layer behind a backward facing step. POD of the velocity and density fields showed that the density is a better marker of the coherent structures in the shear layer and nearly completely eliminates the contribution of the small-scale turbulent motion to the POD spatial modes, allowing for a focused development of strategies to control the coherent motion in the shear layer. C1 [Seidel, J.; Fagley, C.; McLaughlin, T.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Seidel, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, 2410 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jurgen.seidel.ctr.de@usafa.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL T142 AR 014008 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2010/T142/014008 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 700XG UT WOS:000285777700010 ER PT J AU Murdock, A Pizarro, P Mueller, D AF Murdock, Alan Pizarro, Pablo Mueller, Deborah TI WEARABLE DEVICE MEASURING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS HAS LESS VARIABILITY AND IS COMPARABLE TO INDIRECT CALORIOMETRY SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Critical Care Congress CY JAN 15-19, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 [Murdock, Alan] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Pizarro, Pablo] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hants, England. [Mueller, Deborah] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 38 IS 12 SU S MA 262 BP U73 EP U73 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684BA UT WOS:000284520800246 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Schmidt, JD Havrilla, MJ Cain, SC AF Hyde, Milo W. Schmidt, Jason D. Havrilla, Michael J. Cain, Stephen C. TI Determining the complex index of refraction of an unknown object using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE refractive index; remote sensing; polarimetry; scattering; turbulence ID REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; BLIND DECONVOLUTION; SHAPE ESTIMATION; POLARIZATION; SURFACES; MINIMIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; NOISE; MAXIMIZATION; REFLECTION AB A novel index-of-refraction material-characterization technique using passive polarimetric imagery degraded by atmospheric turbulence is presented. The method uses a variant of the LeMaster and Cain [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(9), 2170-2176 (2008)] blind-deconvolution algorithm to recover the true object (i.e., the first Stokes parameter), the degree of linear polarization, and the polarimetric-image point spread functions. Nonlinear least squares is then used to find the value of the complex index of refraction that best fits the theoretical degree of linear polarization, derived using a polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function, to the turbulence-corrected degree of linear polarization. To verify the proposed material-characterization technique, experimental results of two painted metal samples are provided and analyzed. (c) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3518044] C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Schmidt, Jason D.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 49 IS 12 AR 126201 DI 10.1117/1.3518044 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 700NF UT WOS:000285749600025 ER PT J AU Tian, YD Peters-Lidard, CD Eylander, JB AF Tian, Yudong Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Eylander, John B. TI Real-Time Bias Reduction for Satellite-Based Precipitation Estimates SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM; GAUGE; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; RADAR AB A new approach to reduce biases in satellite-based estimates in real time is proposed and tested in this study. Currently satellite-based precipitation estimates exhibit considerable biases, and there have been many efforts to reduce these biases by merging surface gauge measurements with satellite-based estimates. Most of these efforts require timely availability of surface gauge measurements. The new proposed approach does not require gauge measurements in real time. Instead, the Bayesian logic is used to establish a statistical relationship between satellite estimates and gauge measurements from recent historical data. Then this relationship is applied to real-time satellite estimates when gauge data are not yet available. This new scheme is tested over the United States with six years of precipitation estimates from two real-time satellite products [i.e., the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) research product 3B42RT and the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing technique (CMORPH)] and a gauge analysis dataset [i.e., the CPC unified analysis]. The first 4-yr period was used as the training period to establish a satellite-gauge relationship, which was then applied to the last 2 yr as the correction period, during which gauge data were withheld for training but only used for evaluation. This approach showed that satellite biases were reduced by 70%-100% for the summers in the correction period. In addition, even when sparse networks with only 600 or 300 gauges were used during the training period, the biases were still reduced by 60%-80% and 47%-63%, respectively. The results also show a limitation in this approach as it tends to overadjust both light and strong events toward more intermediate rain rates. C1 [Tian, Yudong; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eylander, John B.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Air & Space Models Integrat Branch, Offutt AFB, NE USA. RP Tian, YD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Mail Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yudong.Tian@nasa.gov RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU Air Force Weather Agency MIPR [F2BBAJ6033GB01] FX This research is supported by the Air Force Weather Agency MIPR F2BBAJ6033GB01. The authors wish to thank Dr. Kenneth Harrison for reviewing our manuscript, and Mingyue Chen, Mathew Sapiano, Dan Braithwaite, Hiroko Kato Beaudoing, and Pingping Xie for helpful discussions and for assistance with data access. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1275 EP 1285 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1246.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZE UT WOS:000286178800005 ER PT J AU Olson, SE Christlieb, AJ Fatemi, FK AF Olson, Spencer E. Christlieb, Andrew J. Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI PID feedback for load-balanced parallel gridless DSMC SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Load balancing; Parallel; DSMC; Gridless ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; FLOW; IMPLEMENTATION; COMPUTATIONS; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; REGIME; PLATE AB Parallel code presents a non-trivial problem of load balancing computational workload throughout a system of hardware and software resources. The task of load balancing is further complicated when the number of allowable processors changes through time. This paper presents a two-component load-balancing mechanism using optimal initial workload distribution and dynamic load maintenance. The initial guess is provided by inversion of the workload distribution function. Workload distribution inversion enables efficient domain decomposition for arbitrary workloads and easily compensates for changes in system resources. Dynamic load balancing is provided by process feedback control as used, for example, in control mechanisms of physical processes. Proportional, integral, and differential (PID) feedback readily allows controls to compensate for runtime-changes of the workload distribution function. This paper demonstrates a one-dimensional realization of the ideas presented here. We apply this load-balancing technique to our gridless direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm. We demonstrate that the method does indeed maintain uniform workload distribution across available resources as the workload and usable system resources undergo change through time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olson, Spencer E.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christlieb, Andrew J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fatemi, Fredrik K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olson, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM olsonse@umich.edu FU Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research [42791-PH]; National Research Council FX This work was partially supported by the Army Research Office and the Office of Naval Research (Project number 42791-PH). S.E.O. was partially supported for this work by a National Research Council research associateship. Computational resources for this work were provided by the Naval Research Laboratory as a part of the Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 181 IS 12 BP 2063 EP 2071 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2010.06.045 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 679TX UT WOS:000284184800016 ER PT J AU Chhatre, SS Guardado, JO Moore, BM Haddad, TS Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Chhatre, Shreerang S. Guardado, Jesus O. Moore, Brian M. Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Fluoroalkylated Silicon-Containing Surfaces-Estimation of Solid-Surface Energy SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE superhydrophobicity; oleophobicity; solid-surface energy; Zisman analysis; Girifalco-Good method ID CONTACT-ANGLE; INTERFACIAL ENERGIES; WETTING PROPERTIES; COTTON TEXTILES; TENSION; WETTABILITY; CHEMISTRY; POLYMERS; FABRICS; DESIGN AB The design of robust omniphobic surfaces, which are not wetted by low-surface-tension liquids such as octane (gamma(lv) = 21.6 mN/m) and methanol (gamma(lv) = 22.7 mN/m), requires an appropriately chosen surface micro/nanotexture in addition to a low solid-surface energy (gamma(sv)). 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- Heptadecafluorodecyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (fluorodecyl POSS) offers one of the lowest solid-surface energy values ever reported (gamma(sv) approximate to 10 mN/m) and has become the molecule of choice for coating textured surfaces. In this work, we synthesize and evaluate a series of related molecules that either retain the POSS cage and differ in fluoroalkyl chain length or that retain the fluorodecyl chains surrounding a linear or cyclic molecular structure. The solid-surface energy (gamma(sv)) of these molecules was estimated using contact angle measurements on flat spin-coated silicon wafer surfaces. Zisman analysis was performed using a homologous series of n-alkanes (15.5 <= gamma(lv) <= 27.5 mN/m), whereas Girifalco-Good analysis was performed using a set of polar and nonpolar liquids with a wider range of liquid surface tension (15.5 <= gamma(lv) <= 72.1 mN/m). The hydrogen-bond-donating, hydrogen-bond-accepting, polar, and nonpolar (dispersion) contributions to the solid-surface energy of each compound were determined by probing the surfaces using a set of three liquid droplets of either acetone, chloroform, and dodecane or diiodomethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. C1 [McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chhatre, Shreerang S.; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Guardado, Jesus O.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Moore, Brian M.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP McKinley, GH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gareth@mit.edu; recohen@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-07-D-0004]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research laboratory, Propulsion Directorate FX This research was supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) through Contract W911NF-07-D-0004. Financial support was also provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research laboratory, Propulsion Directorate. We thank Prof. Michael Rubner and the Institute of Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) at MIT for the use of various experimental facilities, Ms. Wui Siew Tan and Mr. Siddharth Srinivasan for help with the AFM characterization, and Dr. Adam J. Meuler for helpful discussion during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 12 BP 3544 EP 3554 DI 10.1021/am100729j PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 696NY UT WOS:000285449300022 PM 21067201 ER PT J AU Meuler, AJ McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Meuler, Adam J. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Exploiting Topographical Texture To Impart Icephobicity SO ACS NANO LA English DT Editorial Material ID ICE ADHESION; SURFACES; COATINGS; CONTACT; WATER; WETTABILITY; HYSTERESIS; POLYMERS; STRENGTH AB Appropriately structured topographical features that are found in nature (e.g the lotus leaf) or that are produced synthetically (e.g., via lithography) can impart superhydrophobic properties to surfaces. Water beads up and readily rolls off of such surfaces, making them self-cleaning. Within the past few years, scientists and engineers have begun exploring the utility of these surfaces in mitigating the icing problem prevalent in the operation of critical infrastructure such as airplanes, ships, power lines, and telecommunications equipment. An article in this Issue advances our fundamental knowledge in this area by examining the dynamic impact of water droplets on both smooth and topographically structured supercooled substrates. The results illustrate that, under at least some environmental conditions, superhydrophobic surfaces can minimize or even eliminate ice formation by repelling impinging water drops before they can freeze. Subsequent research will build on these results, possibly leading to the fabrication of commercially viable and durable icephobic surfaces that mitigate the icing problem under all environmental conditions. C1 [Meuler, Adam J.; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meuler, Adam J.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Cohen, RE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM recohen@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 NR 31 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 11 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 12 BP 7048 EP 7052 DI 10.1021/nn103214q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 696NW UT WOS:000285449100003 PM 21186843 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Kozlovskaya, V Wallet, B Shevchenko, VV Naik, RR Vaia, R Kaplan, DL Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Kozlovskaya, Veronika Wallet, Brett Shevchenko, Valeriy V. Naik, Rajesh R. Vaia, Richard Kaplan, David L. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Co-cross-linking Silk Matrices with Silica Nanostructures for Robust Ultrathin Nanocomposites SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE silk nanocomposites; layer-by-layer; POSS; clay; mechanical properties ID GOLD NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SPIDER SILK; TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; POLYMERS; BIOMATERIALS; PROTEIN; AMINO; MONTMORILLONITE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report on a novel assembly approach to fabricate ultrathin robust freely standing nanocomposite membranes. The materials are composed of a pre-cross-linked silk fibroin matrix with incorporated silica nanoparticles with silsesquioxane cores (Poss) or clay nanoplatelets. These reinforced silk membranes have enhanced mechanical properties as compared to traditional silk-based nanocomposites reported previously. Up to 6-fold and 8-fold increase in elastic modulus and toughness, respectively, were found for these nanocomposites. In contrast, traditional LbL-assembled nanocomposites showed only a 3-fold increase In mechanical strength. The silk nanocomposites obtained also revealed excellent optical transparency in the visible region especially if reinforced with PM nanoparticles, which suggests their utility as low cost, nontoxic, and easily scalable reinforced biomaterials for mechanically demanding applications. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Wallet, Brett; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shevchenko, Valeriy V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Macromol Chem, Kiev, Ukraine. [Naik, Rajesh R.; Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Office of Scientific Research, AFRL; NSF-DMR FX This work is supported by the Air Office of Scientific Research, AFRL, and NSF-DMR. The authors thank J. Chan for technical assistance with sample preparation. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 12 U2 96 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 12 BP 7053 EP 7063 DI 10.1021/nn102456w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 696NW UT WOS:000285449100004 PM 21090657 ER PT J AU Hu, H Kumar, AG Abate, G Albertani, R AF Hu, Hui Kumar, Anand Gopa Abate, Gregg Albertani, Roberto TI An experimental investigation on the aerodynamic performances of flexible membrane wings in flapping flight SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Unsteady aerodynamics; Flapping wing; Membrane wing; Flexible wings ID MICRO AIR VEHICLES; WEIS-FOGH MECHANISM; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; HOVERING FLIGHT; AIRFOIL PROPULSION; OSCILLATING FOILS; LIFT GENERATION; INSECT FLIGHT; EFFICIENCY; FLOW AB An experimental study was conducted to assess the aerodynamic benefits of flapping flight compared with fixed-wing soaring flight for the development of flapping-wing Micro-Air-Vehicles (MAVs). The time-averaged aerodynamic performances (i.e. mean lift and thrust/drag) of two flexible membrane wings with different skin flexibility (i.e., a flexible nylon wing and a very flexible latex wing) were compared with that of a conventional rigid wing to evaluate the effects of skin flexibility of the tested wings on their aerodynamic performances for flapping flight applications. The measurement results revealed clearly that, for all the tested wings, flapping motion would bring significant aerodynamic benefits when the flapping flight is in unsteady state regime with advance ratio (i.e., the ratio of forward flight speed to wingtip velocity) of the flapping flight being smaller than 1.0. The aerodynamic benefits of flapping flight were found to decay rapidly as the advance ratio increases. The skin flexibility of the tested wings was found to have considerable effects on their aerodynamic performances for both soaring and flapping flights: The flexible membrane wings were found to have better overall aerodynamic performance (i.e., lift-to-drag ratio) over the rigid wing for soaring flight, especially for high speed soaring flight or at relatively high angle of attack. The rigid wing was found to have better lift production performance for flapping flight in general. The latex wing, which is the most flexible among the three tested wings, was found to have the best thrust generation performance for flapping flight. The less flexible nylon wing, which has the best overall aerodynamic performance for soaring flight, was found to be the worst for flapping flight applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Hui; Kumar, Anand Gopa] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Abate, Gregg] AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Albertani, Roberto] Univ Florida Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL USA. RP Hu, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM huhui@iastate.edu RI Hu, Hui/J-8205-2014 FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX The authors want to thank Mr. Bill Rickard and Mr. Matthew Burkhalter of Iowa State University, Capt. Judson Babcock of AFRL/RWGN, Eglin AFB, and Ms. Pamela Prater of University of West Florida for their help in conducting the experiments. The support of 2008 Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Awarded to H. Hu is gratefully acknowledged. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 8 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2010.05.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 695VD UT WOS:000285399800007 ER PT J AU Wickert, DP Canfield, RA Reddy, JN AF Wickert, Douglas P. Canfield, Robert A. Reddy, J. N. TI Least-Squares Continuous Sensitivity Shape Optimization for Structural Elasticity Applications SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 49th Structures, Structural Dynamic and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2008 CL Schaumburg, IL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID MIXED FINITE-ELEMENTS; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; FORMULATION; SYSTEMS AB A general first-order formulation of the continuous sensitivity equations is introduced that Improves the accuracy of the sensitivity boundary conditions In the continuous sensitivity method, design or shape parameter gradients are computed from a continuous system of partial differential equations Instead ol the discretized system, which avoids the problematic mesh sensitivity calculations of discrete methods for shape variation problems The first-order formulation for both the underlying elasticity and sensitivity equations is amenable to solution by a high-order polynomial least squares finite element model The continuous sensitivity boundary-value problem, which can be posed in local or total derivative form, is generally simpler in local sensitivity form for shape variation problems Although the local form is not unique and total material sensitivities are generally desired for structural elasticity problems, the local sensitivity solution is easily transformed to a material derivative The first-order formulation and the transformation to material derivatives are demonstrated for two elasticity example problems The least squares continuous sensitivity solutions are presented and compared with analytic sensitivities and finite difference results and should prove convenient validation benchmarks for other continuous sensitivity applications C1 [Wickert, Douglas P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Reddy, J. N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Wickert, DP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Reddy, Junuthula/D-7737-2013; Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Reddy, Junuthula/0000-0002-9739-1639; Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2752 EP 2762 DI 10.2514/1.44349 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 689KJ UT WOS:000284926200004 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Large-Eddy Simulation of Plasma-Based Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separation Control SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit CY JUN 22-25, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP AIAA, US AF Off Sci Res (AFOSR), AF Mat Command ID LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; FLOW-CONTROL; ACTUATORS; SCHEMES; FLOWFIELDS; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS; AIRFOIL; BLADES AB Large-eddy simulations were carried out in order to numerically describe plasma based control of turbulent boundary-layer separation The configuration consisted of a flat-plate section, over which the boundary layer developed, followed by a curved convex rearward facing ramp, corresponding to an experimental arrangement. A single dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator was then employed to reduce the extent of the separated flow region Solutions were obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, which were augmented by source terms used to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by the actuator on the fluid A simple phenomenological model provided the electric field generated by the plasma, resulting in the body forces The numerical method used a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme, employing domain decomposition in order to perform calculations on a parallel computing platform Simulations were first conducted for an isolated actuator, which were used to optimize parameters inherent in the plasma model Subsequent calculations were then carried out for the plate development section and for the plate/ramp combination, using both continuous and pulsed control All simulations were compared with experimental measurements, which indicated that, although some deficiencies were apparent in the plasma model, they appeared to be adequate for use with large-eddy simulation in the exploration of plasma based control for turbulent wall bounded flows C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2793 EP 2810 DI 10.2514/1.1050014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 689KJ UT WOS:000284926200008 ER PT J AU Walton, DK Fields, HW Johnston, WM Rosenstiel, SF Firestone, AR Christensen, JC AF Walton, Daniel K. Fields, Henry W. Johnston, William M. Rosenstiel, Stephen F. Firestone, Allen R. Christensen, James C. TI Orthodontic appliance preferences of children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Although attractiveness and acceptability of orthodontic appliances have been rated by adults for themselves and for adolescents, children and adolescents have not provided any substantial data. The objective of this study was to evaluate preferences and acceptability of orthodontic appliances in children and adolescents. Methods: Images of orthodontic appliances previously captured and standardized were selected and incorporated into a computer-based survey. Additional images of shaped brackets and colored elastomeric ties, as well as discolored clear elastomeric ties, were captured and incorporated onto existing survey images with Photoshop (Adobe, San Jose, Calif). The survey displayed 12 orthodontic appliance variations to 139 children in 3 age groups: 9 to 11 years (n = 45), 12 to 14 years (n = 49), and 15 to 17 years (n = 45). The subjects rated each image for attractiveness and acceptability. All images were displayed and rated twice to assess rater reliability. Results: Overall reliability ratings were r = 0.74 for attractiveness and k = 0.66 for acceptability. There were significant differences in bracket attractiveness and acceptability in each age group. The highest-rated appliances were clear aligners, twin brackets with colored ties, and shaped brackets with and without colored ties. Colored elastomeric ties improved attractiveness significantly over brackets without colored ties for children in the 12-to-14 year group. There was a tendency for older subjects to rate clear orthodontic appliances higher than did younger subjects. Ceramic brackets with discolored ties tended to be rated lower than ceramic brackets with new ties and scored lowest in acceptability and attractiveness in all age groups. Girls rated shaped brackets significantly higher than did boys. Conclusions: Children's preferences for orthodontic appliances differ by age and sex. Child and adolescent preferences differ from adult preferences. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:698.e1-698.e12) C1 [Fields, Henry W.; Firestone, Allen R.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Orthodont, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnston, William M.; Rosenstiel, Stephen F.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Restorat & Prosthet Dent, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Christensen, James C.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fields, HW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Div Orthodont, 4088F Postle Hall,305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fields.31@osu.edu RI Johnston, William/E-8458-2012; OI Rosenstiel, Stephen/0000-0001-8645-7383; Johnston, William/0000-0002-4977-6569 FU Delta Dental Foundation; Philanthropic affiliate of Delta Dental of Michigan; Philanthropic affiliate of Delta Dental of Ohio; Philanthropic affiliate of Delta Dental of Indiana FX We recognize the financial support for this research from the Dental Master's Thesis Award Program sponsored by Delta Dental Foundation, the philanthropic affiliate of Delta Dental of Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana. We also thank WildSmiles for providing the brackets. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 6 AR 698.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.06.012 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 689PJ UT WOS:000284940000015 PM 21130314 ER PT J AU Knox, KL Pflanz, S Talcott, GW Campise, RL Lavigne, JE Bajorska, A Tu, X Caine, ED AF Knox, Kerry L. Pflanz, Steven Talcott, Gerald W. Campise, Rick L. Lavigne, Jill E. Bajorska, Alina Tu, Xin Caine, Eric D. TI The US Air Force Suicide Prevention Program: Implications for Public Health Policy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COMPLETED SUICIDE; RISK; OCCUPATION; VETERANS; PATTERNS; ALCOHOL; LIFE AB Objectives We evaluated the effectiveness of the US Air Force Suicide Prevention Program (AFSPP) in reducing suicide and we measured the extent to which air force installations implemented the program Methods We determined the AFSPP s impact on suicide rates in the air force by applying an intervention regression model to data from 1981 through 2008 providing 16 years of data before the program s 1997 launch and 11 years of data after launch Also we measured implementation of program components at 2 points in time during a 2004 increase in suicide rates and 2 years afterward Results Suicide rates in the air force were significantly lower after the AFSPP was launched than before except during 2004 We also determined that the program was being implemented less rigorously in 2004 Conclusions The AFSPP effectively prevented suicides in the US Air Force The long term effectiveness of this program depends upon extensive implementation and effective monitoring of implementation Suicides can be reduced through a multilayered overlapping approach that encompasses key prevention domains and tracks implementation of program activities (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2457-2463 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2009 159871) C1 [Knox, Kerry L.] US Dept Vet Affairs, Canandaigua VA Med Ctr, VA Ctr Excellence Canandaigua, Canandaigua, NY USA. [Knox, Kerry L.; Lavigne, Jill E.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Pflanz, Steven] Bolling AFB, Med Operat Squadron 579, Washington, DC USA. [Talcott, Gerald W.] Lackland AFB, Mental Hlth Squadron 59, San Antonio, TX USA. [Campise, Rick L.] Langley AFB, Med Operat Squadron 1, Hampton, VA USA. [Bajorska, Alina] Univ Rochester, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Tu, Xin] Univ Rochester, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Caine, Eric D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Knox, KL (reprint author), US Dept Vet Affairs, Canandaigua VA Med Ctr, VA Ctr Excellence Canandaigua, 400 Ft Hill Ave, Canandaigua, NY USA. FU National Institute of Mental Health [K01 MH055317, R01 MH075017 01A1, P20 MH071897] FX This project was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (grants K01 MH055317 R01 MH075017 01A1 and P20 MH071897) NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2457 EP 2463 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.159871 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300029 PM 20466973 ER PT J AU Klesges, RC Mittleman, DS Ebbert, JO Talcott, GW Debon, M AF Klesges, Robert C. Mittleman, Deborah Sherrill Ebbert, Jon O. Talcott, G. Wayne DeBon, Margaret TI Tobacco Use Harm Reduction, Elimination, and Escalation in a Large Military Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SMOKELESS TOBACCO; UNITED-STATES; SMOKING-CESSATION; NORTHERN SWEDEN; MOIST SNUFF; SMOKERS; HEALTH; RISK; PREVALENCE; CIGARETTES AB Objectives We evaluated changing patterns of tobacco use following a period of breed tobacco abstinence in a US military cohort to determine rates of harm elimination (e g tobacco cessation) harm reduction (e g from smoking to smokeless tobacco use) and harm escalation (e g from smoking to dual use or from smokeless tobacco use to smoking or dual use) Methods Participants were 5225 Air Force airmen assigned to the health education control condition in a smoking cessation and prevention trial Tobacco use was assessed by self report at baseline and 12 months Results Among 114 baseline smokers initiating smokeless tobacco use after basic military training most demonstrated harm escalation (87%) which was 54 times more likely to occur than was harm reduction (e g smoking to smokeless tobacco use) Harm reduction was predicted in part by higher family income and belief that switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco is beneficial to health Harm escalation predictors included younger age alcohol use longer smoking history and risk taking Conclusions When considering a harm reduction strategy with smokeless tobacco the tobacco control community should balance anticipated benefits of haim reduction with the risk of harm escalation and the potential for adversely affecting public health (Am J Public Health 2010 100 2487-2492 doi 10 2105/AJPH 2009 175091) C1 [Klesges, Robert C.; DeBon, Margaret] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Klesges, Robert C.; Mittleman, Deborah Sherrill] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Canc Control, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Ebbert, Jon O.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Talcott, G. Wayne] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Klesges, RC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 66 N Pauline,Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [HL053478] FX This work was funded by a research grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HL053478 R C Klesges principal investigator) NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2487 EP 2492 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.175091 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684QB UT WOS:000284563300033 PM 21068420 ER PT J AU Testorf, M Fiddy, M Dogariu, A Piestun, R Matson, C Anastasio, M AF Testorf, Markus Fiddy, Michael Dogariu, Aristide Piestun, Rafael Matson, Charles Anastasio, Mark TI Signal Recovery and Computational Sensing and Imaging: introduction to the feature issue SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The fall 2009 conference of the Optical Society of America was held in San Jose, California, 11-15 October. The collocation of topical meetings on Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging (COSI), and Signal Recovery and Synthesis (SRS) with the Frontiers in Optics (FiO) Annual Meeting brought together a diverse group of scientists and engineers sharing a common interest in the processing of information carried by optical fields. The papers featured in this issue highlight several important trends. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Testorf, Markus] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Fiddy, Michael] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Dogariu, Aristide] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Elect, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Piestun, Rafael] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Ctr Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matson, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Anastasio, Mark] IIT, Armour Coll Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Testorf, M (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM markus.e.testorf@dartmouth.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 34 BP SRC1 EP SRC2 DI 10.1364/AO.49.00SRC1 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 688DR UT WOS:000284830500001 PM 21124528 ER PT J AU Engelke, CW Price, SD Kraemer, KE AF Engelke, Charles W. Price, Stephan D. Kraemer, Kathleen E. TI SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION IN THE INFRARED. XVII. ZERO-MAGNITUDE BROADBAND FLUX REFERENCE FOR VISIBLE-TO-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE standards; stars: general; techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; RAPIDLY ROTATING STAR; EJECTION IMAGER SMEI; DA WHITE-DWARFS; A-TYPE STARS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; ABSOLUTE FLUX; 109 VIRGINIS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SPACE-TELESCOPE AB The absolutely calibrated infrared (IR) stellar spectra of standard stars described by Engelke et al. are being extended into the visible and will span a continuous wavelength range from similar to 0.35 mu m to 35.0 mu m. This paper, which is a continuation of the series on calibration initiated with Cohen et al., presents the foundation of this extension. We find that due to various irregularities Vega (alpha Lyr) is not suitable for its traditional role as the primary visible or near-infrared standard star. We therefore define a new zero-point flux that is independent of Vega and, as far as is feasible, uses measured spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and fluxes derived from photometry. The calibrated primary stars now underpinning this zero-point definition are 109 Vir in the visible and Sirius (alpha CMa) in the infrared. The resulting zero-point SED tests well against solar analog data presented by Rieke et al. while also maintaining an unambiguous link to specific calibration stars, thus providing a pragmatic range of options for any researcher wishing to tie it to a given set of photometry. C1 [Engelke, Charles W.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02135 USA. [Price, Stephan D.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.] USAF, Space Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Engelke, CW (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02135 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 94 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1919 EP 1928 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1919 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679EK UT WOS:000284143500027 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Corporan, E AF Cheng, Meng-Dawn Corporan, Edwin TI A study of extractive and remote-sensing sampling and measurement of emissions from military aircraft engines SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aircraft; Emission; Dilution; Remote sensing; Particulate matter; Turbine engine ID INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; PARTICULATE MATTER; EXHAUST AB Aircraft emissions contribute to the increased atmospheric burden of particulate matter (PM) that plays an important role in air quality human health visibility contrail formation and climate change Sampling and measurement of modern aircraft emissions at the engine exhaust plane (EEP) for engine and fuel certification remains challenging as no agency-certified method is available In this paper we summarize the results of three recent field studies devoted to investigate the consistency and applicability of extractive" and optical remote-sensing (ORS) technologies in the sampling and measurement of gaseous and PM emitted by a number of military aircraft engines Three classes of military engines were investigated these include T56 TF33 and T700 & T701C types of engines which consume 70-80% of the military aviation fuel each year JP-8 and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)-derived paraffinic fuels were used to study the effect of fuels It was found that non-volatile particles in the engine emissions were in the 20 nm range for the low power condition of new helicopter engines to 80 nm for the high power condition of legacy engines Elemental analysis indicated little metals were present on particles while most of the materials on the exhaust particles were carbon and sulfate based Alkanes carbon monoxide carbon dioxide nitrogen oxides sulfur dioxide formaldehyde ethylene acetylene and propylene were detected The last five species were most noticeable only under low engine power The emission indices calculated based on the ORS data deviate significantly from those based on the extractive data Nevertheless the ORS techniques were useful in the sense that it provided non-intrusive real-time detection of species in the exhaust plume which warrants further development The results obtained in this program help validate sampling methodology and measurement techniques used for non-volatile PM aircraft emissions as described in the SAE AIR6037 (2009) (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Cheng, Meng-Dawn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Corporan, Edwin] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012 FU UT-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [WP 1401]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle LLC under Contract No DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy The United States Government retains and the publisher by accepting the article for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive paid-up irrevocable worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript or allow others to do so for United States Government purposes This program was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under the project number WP 1401 Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 The SERDP WP-1401 team members acknowledge the assistance of the aircraft maintenance and supporting crews at the Kentucky National Guard Base in Louisville KY the Barksdale Air Force Base in Shreveport LA and the Hunter Army Airfield in Savannah GA The SERDP WP-1401 team consists of the following members (listed in alphabetical order of the last name) Michel Chase (Arcadis) Meng-Dawn Cheng (PI ORNL) Edwin Corporan (Co-PI AFRL) Matthew DeWitt (UDRI) Michael Derlicki (Arcadis) Walter Fisher (Galt Tech) Bruce Harris (US EPA) Rami Hashmonay (Arcadis) Robert Kagann (Arcadis) Christopher Klingshirn (UDRI) Bradley Landgraf (Undergraduate Student Allegany College) Doh-Won Lee (Postdoc ORISE) Shannon Mahurin (ORNL) Curt Maxey (ORNL) Dibyendu Muhkerjee (Postdoc ORISE) James Park Jr (ORNL) Richard Shores (US EPA) and John Storey (ORNL) NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 38 BP 4867 EP 4878 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.033 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 682GM UT WOS:000284389400006 ER PT J AU Sypniewska, RK Millenbaugh, NJ Kiel, JL Blystone, RV Ringham, HN Mason, PA Witzmann, FA AF Sypniewska, Roza K. Millenbaugh, Nancy J. Kiel, Johnathan L. Blystone, Robert V. Ringham, Heather N. Mason, Patrick A. Witzmann, Frank A. TI Protein Changes in Macrophages Induced by Plasma From Rats Exposed to 35 GHz Millimeter Waves SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radiofrequency; oxidative stress; proteomics; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; 3-nitrotyrosine ID RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATION; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; CIRCULATORY FAILURE; IN-VIVO; T-CELL; HEAT; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; NITRATION AB A macrophage assay and proteomic screening were used to investigate the biological activity of soluble factors in the plasma of millimeter wave-exposed rats. NR8383 rat macrophages were incubated for 24 h with 10% plasma from male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been exposed to sham conditions, or exposed to 42 degrees C environmental heat or 35 GHz millimeter waves at 75 mW/cm(2) until core temperature reached 41.0 degrees C. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, image analysis, and Western blotting were used to analyze approximately 600 protein spots in the cell lysates for changes in protein abundance and levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of macrophage stimulation. Proteins of interest were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Compared to plasma from sham-exposed rats, plasma from environmental heat-or millimeter wave-exposed rats increased the expression of 11 proteins, and levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in seven proteins, in the NR8383 cells. These altered proteins are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Findings of this study indicate both environmental heat and 35 GHz millimeter wave exposure elicit the release of macrophage-activating mediators into the plasma of rats. Bioelectromagnetics 31:656-663, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Sypniewska, Roza K.; Millenbaugh, Nancy J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kiel, Johnathan L.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Counterproliferat Branch,Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Blystone, Robert V.] Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Ringham, Heather N.; Witzmann, Frank A.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Mason, Patrick A.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Millenbaugh, NJ (reprint author), Bldg 1162,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM nancy.millenbaugh@brooks.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [F49620-02-1-0372]; Air Force Research Laboratory [F41624-01-C-7002] FX Grant sponsors: U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and Air Force Research Laboratory (awarded to General Dynamics Information Technology); Grant number: F41624-01-C-7002; U.S. AFOSR (to Dr. R. Blystone); Grant number: F49620-02-1-0372. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1002/bem.20598 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 685UP UT WOS:000284653900009 PM 20683908 ER PT J AU Chen, QF Lai, YC Dietz, D AF Chen, Qingfei Lai, Ying-Cheng Dietz, David TI Controlled generation of intrinsic localized modes in microelectromechanical cantilever arrays SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY LOCALIZATION; DISCRETE BREATHERS; NONLINEAR LATTICES; MANIPULATION; EXISTENCE; DYNAMICS; SOLITONS; CHAOS AB We propose a scheme to induce intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) at an arbitrary site in microelectromechanical cantilever arrays. The idea is to locate the particular cantilever beam in the array that one wishes to drive to an oscillating state with significantly higher amplitude than the average and then apply small adjustments to the electrical signal that drives the whole array system. Our scheme is thus a global closed-loop control strategy. We argue that the dynamical mechanism on which our global driving scheme relies is spatiotemporal chaos and we develop a detailed analysis based on the standard averaging method in nonlinear dynamics to understand the working of our control scheme. We also develop a Markov model to characterize the transient time required for inducing ILMs. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3527008] C1 [Chen, Qingfei; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dietz, David] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, QF (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU AFOSR [F9550-09-1-0260] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR under Grant No. F9550-09-1-0260. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 AR 043139 DI 10.1063/1.3527008 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 700TZ UT WOS:000285768500048 PM 21198109 ER PT J AU Steinberg, AM Boxx, I Stohr, M Carter, CD Meier, W AF Steinberg, A. M. Boxx, I. Stoehr, M. Carter, C. D. Meier, W. TI Flow-flame interactions causing acoustically coupled heat release fluctuations in a thermo-acoustically unstable gas turbine model combustor SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Thermo-acoustic instabilities; Gas turbine combustors; Swirl stabilized flames; Turbulence-Flame interaction; High-speed diagnostics; Proper orthogonal decomposition ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; PRECESSING VORTEX CORE; PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TURBULENT COMBUSTION; SWIRL BURNER; JET FLAMES; INSTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB A detailed analysis of the flow-flame interactions associated with acoustically coupled heat-release rate fluctuations was performed for a 10 kW, CH4/air, swirl stabilized flame in a gas turbine model combustor exhibiting self-excited thermo-acoustic oscillations at 308 Hz. High-speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, OH planar laser induced fluorescence, and OH* chemiluminescence measurements were performed at a sustained repetition rate of 5 kHz, which was sufficient to resolve the relevant combustor dynamics. Using spatio-temporal proper orthogonal decomposition, it was found that the flow-field contained several simultaneous periodic motions: the reactant flux into the combustion chamber periodically oscillated at the thermo-acoustic frequency (308 Hz), a helical precessing vortex core (PVC) circumscribed the burner nozzle at 515 Hz, and the PVC underwent axial contraction and extension at the thermo-acoustic frequency. The global heat release rate fluctuated at the thermo-acoustic frequency, while the heat release centroid circumscribed the combustor at the difference between the thermoacoustic and PVC frequencies. Hence, the three-dimensional location of the heat release fluctuations depended on the interaction of the PVC with the flame surface. This motivated the compilation of doubly phase resolved statistics based on the phase of both the acoustic and PVC cycles, which showed highly repeatable periodic flow-flame configurations. These include flames stabilized between the inflow and inner recirculation zone, large-scale flame wrap-up by the PVC, radial deflection of the inflow by the PVC, and combustion in the outer recirculation zones. Large oscillations in the flame surface area were observed at the thermo-accoustic frequency that significantly affected the total heat-release oscillations. By filtering the instantaneous reaction layers at different scales, the importance of the various flow-flame interactions affecting the flame area was determined. The greatest contributor was large-scale elongation of the reaction layers associated with the fluctuating reactant flow rate, which accounted for approximately 50% of the fluctuations. The remaining 50% was distributed between fine scale stochastic corrugation and large-scale corrugation due to the PVC. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Steinberg, A. M.; Boxx, I.; Stoehr, M.; Meier, W.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Combust Technol, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, C. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steinberg, AM (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Combust Technol, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM adam.steinberg@dlr.de RI Steinberg, Adam/A-9604-2010; Steinberg, Adam/H-5104-2011 OI Steinberg, Adam/0000-0001-6571-6673 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX C. Carter acknowledges support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Windows on Europe Program. NR 72 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 12 BP 2250 EP 2266 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.07.011 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 677CS UT WOS:000283967300005 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Kutsal, T AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Kutsal, T. TI Effects of steam environment on creep behavior of Nextel(TM)720/alumina-mullite ceramic composite at elevated temperature SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Creep; High temperature properties; Fractography ID OXIDE FIBER COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRACK-GROWTH; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; STRESS-CORROSION; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; STATIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE; GLASS AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite was investigated at 1000 and 110 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam The composite consists of a porous alumina-mullite matrix reinforced with laminated woven mullite/alumma (Nextel(TM)720) fibers has no interface between the fiber and matrix and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 70-140 MPa range The presence of steam accelerated creep rates and dramatically reduced creep lifetimes The degrading effects of steam become more pronounced with increasing temperature At 1000 degrees C creep run-out (set to 100 h) was achieved in all tests At 1100 degrees C creep run-out was achieved in all tests in air and only in the 87 5 MPa test in steam Composite microstructure as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Kutsal, T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The financial support of Dr R Sikorski and Dr J Zelina Propulsion Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory is highly appreciated NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1807 EP 1816 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.09.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 681GP UT WOS:000284299700009 ER PT J AU Aradag, S Cohen, K Seaver, CA McLaughlin, T AF Aradag, Selin Cohen, Kelly Seaver, Christopher A. McLaughlin, Thomas TI Integration of Computations and Experiments for Flow Control Research With Undergraduate Students SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE cylinder wake; CFD; flow control; plasma AB The methods and outcome of a senior undergraduate project related to the control of a turbulent cylinder wake flow using plasma actuators are summarized in this article. The study integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with experimentation and combines fluid mechanics with flow control research, crossing the boundaries between engineering disciplines Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Erie Educ 18: 727-735, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20278 C1 [Aradag, Selin] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Cohen, Kelly] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Seaver, Christopher A.; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Aradag, S (reprint author), TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM selinaradag@gmail.com OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465; Aradag, Selin/0000-0002-2034-0008 FU AFOSR/Dynamics and Controls Directorate FX The authors would like to thank USAFA cadets Brian Brown-Dymkoski and Dan Helland who performed this research and also like to thank AFOSR/Dynamics and Controls Directorate for their financial support. The contributions of SSgt Mary Church-O'Brien and Mr. Ken Ostasiewski were vital to the success of the data collection in the wind tunnel. The computational help from Dr. James Forsythe of Cobalt Solutions is also appreciated. All the CFD simulations were performed at US Air Force Academy, Blackbird cluster. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1061-3773 J9 COMPUT APPL ENG EDUC JI Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 4 BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1002/cae.20278 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 687BH UT WOS:000284748200014 ER PT J AU Rethinam, RM Yang, B Mall, S Barsoum, MW AF Rethinam, R. M. Yang, B. Mall, S. Barsoum, M. W. TI An integral-equation formulation of nonlinear deformation in a stack of buffered plates SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Boundary element method; Contact mechanics; Graphite; Integral-equation formulation; Kirchhoff plate; Membrane; Multilayers; Nanoindentation; Plasticity ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS AB An integral-equation formulation has been derived for nonlinear deformation in a stack of buffered Kirchhoff plates. The plates are assumed to follow a nonlinear bending moment-curvature law and the buffer material to follow the generalized Hooke's law. By employing the recently derived special Green's function for multilayers with interfacial membrane and flexural rigidities as the kernel, the integral-equation formulation only involves the surface loading area (for application to an indentation problem) and the portion of plates undergoing nonlinear deformation. Based on the integral equation, an efficient and accurate boundary element method has been derived to numerically solve the cylindrical indentation problem of the material with a bilinear flexural bending law for the plates. Numerical examples are presented to show a progressive damage process of yielding across a stack of plates as well as to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the present integral-equation formulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rethinam, R. M.; Yang, B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barsoum, M. W.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0723486] FX BY and RMR acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0723486). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1113 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2010.05.017 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 653QX UT WOS:000282112900014 ER PT J AU Ramsburg, CA Thornton, CE Christ, JA AF Ramsburg, C. Andrew Thornton, Christine E. Christ, John A. TI Degradation Product Partitioning in Source Zones Containing Chlorinated Ethene Dense Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquid SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DILUTION ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; WATER; DISSOLUTION; HYDROCARBONS; SOLUBILITY AB Abiotic and biotic reductive dechlorination with chlorinated ethene dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones can lead to significant fluxes of complete and incomplete transformation products. Accurate assessment of in situ rates of transformation and the potential for product sequestration requires knowledge of the distribution of these products among the solid, aqueous, and organic iquid phases present within the source zone. Here we consider the fluid-fluid partitioning of two of the most common incomplete transformation products, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). The distributions of cis-DCE and VC between the aqueous phase and tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) DNAPLs, respectively, were quantified at 22 degrees C for the environmentally relevant, dilute range. The results suggest that partition coefficients (concentration basis) for VC and cis-DCE are 70 +/- 1 L(aq)/L(TCE DNAPL) and 105 +/- 1 L(aq)/L(PCE DNAPL) respectively. VC partitioning data (in the dilute region) were reasonably approximated using the Raoult's law analogy for liquid-liquid equilibrium. In contrast, data for the partitioning of cis-DCE were well described only when well-parametrized models for the excess Gibbs free energy were employed. In addition, available vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid data were employed with our measurements to assess the temperature dependence of the cis-DCE and VC partition coefficients. Overall, the results suggest that there is a strong thermodynamic driving force for the reversible sequestration of cis-DCE and VC within DNAPL source zones. Implications of this partitioning include retardation during transport and underestimation of the transformation rates observed through analysis of aqueous-phase samples. C1 [Ramsburg, C. Andrew; Thornton, Christine E.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ramsburg, CA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Coll Ave,Room 113,Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM andrew.ramsburg@tufts.edu RI Ramsburg, Andrew/A-8532-2008 OI Ramsburg, Andrew/0000-0002-7138-6575 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0711344, EAR 0711450]; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Tufts University FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grants EAR 0711344 and EAR 0711450. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Additional support was received in the form of a Cataldo Fellowship awarded to C.E.T. by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Tufts University. We gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments provided by the reviewers. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 23 BP 9105 EP 9111 DI 10.1021/es102536f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684CA UT WOS:000284523400051 PM 21053958 ER PT J AU Patlolla, AK Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ Patlolla, S Tchounwou, PB AF Patlolla, Anita K. Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. Patlolla, Srikant Tchounwou, Paul B. TI Comparative Study of the Clastogenicity of Functionalized and Nonfunctionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss-Webster Mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiwalled; carbon; nanotubes; bone marrow cells; leukocytes; Swiss-Webster mice; chromosomal aberrations; micronucleus formation; mitotic index; Comet assay; DNA damage ID HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; PULMONARY TOXICITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; CYTOTOXICITY; NANOMATERIALS; GENOTOXICITY; PARTICLES AB The development of nanotechnologies may lead to environmental release of nanomaterials that are potentially harmful to human health Among the nanomaterials multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are already commercialized in various products which can be in direct contact with populations However few studies address their potential toxicity Although a few reports on the cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been published very little is known about their toxicity or genotoxicity in mammalian cells We have for the first time compared the clastogenic/genotoxic potential of functionalized and nonfunctionalized MWCNTs in bone marrow cells of Swiss-Webster mice using mitotic index (MI) chromosome aberrations (CA) micronuclei (MN) formation, and DNA damage in leukocytes as toxicologic endpoints Six groups of five male mice, each weighing similar to 30 +/- 2 g, were administered intraperitoneally once a day for five days with doses of 0 25 0 5, 0 75 mg/kg body weight (BW) of functionalized and nonfunctionalized MWCNTs Four vehicle control groups (negative) and a positive control group (carbon black) were also made of 5 mice each Chromosome and micronuclei from bone marrow cells and comet slides from leukocytes were examined following standard protocols The results demonstrated that MWCNTs exposure significantly increased (P < 0 05) the number of structural chromosomal aberrations the frequency of micro-nucleated cells and the level of DNA damage, and decreased the mitotic index in treated groups compared to control groups MWCNTs were shown to be toxic at sufficiently high concentrations, however purified functionalized MWCNTs had a higher clastogenic/genotoxic potential compared to nonfunctionalized form of MWCNT The results of our study suggest that exposure to MWCNT has the potential to cause genetic damage Hence, careful monitoring should be done with respect to designing/synthesizing biocompatible carbon nanomaterials Further characterization of their systemic toxicity genotoxicity and carcinogenicity is also essential (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals Inc Environ Toxicol 25 608-621 2010 C1 [Patlolla, Anita K.; Tchounwou, Paul B.] Jackson State Univ, Mol Toxicol Res Lab, NIH, RCMI,Ctr Environm Hlth, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.; Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. [Patlolla, Srikant] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Patlolla, AK (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Mol Toxicol Res Lab, NIH, RCMI,Ctr Environm Hlth, 1400 Lynch St,Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. FU Air Forces Research Laboratory [FA8650 07 1 6851]; National Institutes of Health RCMI Center for Environmental Health at Jackson State University [5G12RR01349 12] FX Contract grant sponsor Air Forces Research Laboratory/Wright Patter son AFB; Contract grant number FA8650 07 1 6851; Contract grant sponsor National Institutes of Health RCMI Center for Environmental Health at Jackson State University; Contract grant number 5G12RR01349 12 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 608 EP 621 DI 10.1002/tox.20621 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 686GC UT WOS:000284683800009 PM 20549644 ER PT J AU Wooten, D Ketsman, I Xiao, J Losovyj, YB Petrosky, J McClory, J Burak, YV Adamiv, VT Brown, JM Dowben, PA AF Wooten, D. Ketsman, I. Xiao, J. Losovyj, Ya. B. Petrosky, J. McClory, J. Burak, Ya. V. Adamiv, V. T. Brown, J. M. Dowben, P. A. TI The electronic structure of Li2B4O7(110) and Li2B4O7(100) SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM TETRABORATE LI2B4O7; RICH NEUTRON DETECTORS; BORON-CARBIDE DIODE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BAND-STRUCTURE; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; LI2O.2B2O3 AB The band structure of Li2B4O7(100) and Li2B4O7(110) was experimentally determined using a combination of angle-resolved photoemission and angle-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopies. The experimental band gap depends on crystallographic direction but exceeds 8.8 eV, while the bulk band gap is believed to be in the vicinity of 9.8 eV, in qualitative agreement with expectations. The occupied bulk band structure indicates relatively large values for the hole mass; with the hole mass as significantly larger than that of the electron mass derived from the unoccupied band structure. The Li2B4O7(110) surface is characterized by a very light mass image potential state and a surface state that falls within the band gap of the projected bulk band structure. C1 [Ketsman, I.; Xiao, J.; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ketsman, I.; Xiao, J.; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wooten, D.; Petrosky, J.; McClory, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Losovyj, Ya. B.] Louisiana State Univ, J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Burak, Ya. V.; Adamiv, V. T.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Brown, J. M.] Cincinatti Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Theodore Jorgensen Hall,855 N 16th St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Xiao, Jie/E-9640-2012; OI Xiao, Jie/0000-0002-2320-6111; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; Nebraska Research Initiative FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128), and the Nebraska Research Initiative. We thank M. W. Swinney, Shan Yang, A. T. Brant, and L. E. Halliburton for the EPR and ENDOR measurements and acknowledge some helpful discussions with Alastair McLean. This work was undertaken in partial fulfillment of the doctoral degree at AFIT by one author (DW). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-0042 J9 EUR PHYS J-APPL PHYS JI Eur. Phys. J.-Appl. Phys PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 AR 31601 DI 10.1051/epjap/2010160 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 687EA UT WOS:000284758400018 ER PT J AU McDonald, TJ Lopez, MA AF McDonald, Timothy J. Lopez, Manuel A. TI Management of Facial Trauma: Lessons of War SO FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Facial trauma; facial fractures; war trauma ID FREE TISSUE TRANSFER; INJURIES; FACE; WOUNDS; SURGERY; PATIENT; HEAD; CARE AB Soft tissue trauma of the head and neck is encountered frequently by the battlefield head and neck surgeon. Repair of the soft tissue (as well as bony fractures) of the head and neck is undertaken with the intent of providing return of form and function to the injured patient. Aggressive management of head and neck wounds is necessary to prevent excessive tissue loss due to ischemia or infection. Fortunately, the battlefield head and neck surgeon is armed with an array of surgical advances including local, regional, and free tissue grafts as well as advances in wound care and wound care products to treat the head and neck trauma patient. Typical outcome measures after head and neck trauma include ability to speak with appropriate articulation, ability to swallow and breathe without difficulty, and acceptable facial cosmesis. Advances in timing of repair have enabled patients to return to a premorbid condition earlier with improved results. C1 [McDonald, Timothy J.; Lopez, Manuel A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Lopez, MA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM manuel.lopez@us.af.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0736-6825 J9 FACIAL PLAST SURG JI Facial Plast. Surg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 482 EP 487 DI 10.1055/s-0030-1267722 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 689ZG UT WOS:000284969000007 PM 21086234 ER PT J AU Doucette, WJ Hall, AJ Gorder, KA AF Doucette, W. J. Hall, A. J. Gorder, K. A. TI Emissions of 1,2-Dichloroethane from Holiday Decorations as a Source of Indoor Air Contamination SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; VAPOR INTRUSION MODEL; JOHNSON; PAINT AB Groundwater contamination associated with an industrial facility in Utah has led to concerns about potential vapor intrusion into residences outside the facility boundary. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is the main contaminant of concern with 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) present in some areas. An air-monitoring program implemented to detect vapor intrusion of these compounds found 1,2-DCA in homes outside areas of groundwater contamination, suggesting indoor sources in these cases. Investigative indoor air and product sampling were conducted to isolate consumer products emitting 1,2-DCA and to quantify the emission rates of identified products. The combination of room-by-room air sampling and emission measurements was successfully used to identify molded plastic holiday ornaments, having measured emission rates as high as 0.3 mu g 1,2-DCA/min. Subsequent testing of seven comparable retail items found similar 1,2-DCA emissions. Screening-level calculations show that the measured emission rates of 1,2-DCA from these items can lead to indoor concentrations high enough to be of regulatory concern (0.094 to 9.4 mu g/m3 based on 10-6 to 10-4 cancer risk levels). C1 [Doucette, W. J.; Hall, A. J.] Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gorder, K. A.] Environm Restorat Branch, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP Doucette, WJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. FU Hill AFB FX The authors would like to thank Dave Firmage and Dr Mike Petersen of the Utah Water Research Laboratory for their assistance with the sampling and analysis and Jarrod Case of the Environmental Restoration Branch at Hill Air Force Base for his logistical support. We would also like to thank the residents involved with this study for their patience and cooperation. The authors would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that improved this manuscript. This work was funded by Hill AFB. However, the views presented in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policy of the U. S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j1745-6592.2009.001267.x PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 554BM UT WOS:000274410500006 ER PT J AU Yoder, PD Grupen, M Smith, RK AF Yoder, P. Douglas Grupen, M. Smith, R. Kent TI Demonstration of Intrinsic Tristability in Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes With the Wigner Transport Equation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Numerical analysis; quantum effect semiconductor devices; resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs); semiconductor device modeling ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICE; BISTABILITY; TRANSIENT; HYSTERESIS; SCATTERING; STATE AB The operation of double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) is investigated through self-consistent numerical solution of the Wigner transport equation. Prevalent boundary conditions are demonstrated to lead to unphysical boundary layers in electrostatically self-consistent calculations. New boundary conditions based on nonequilibrium statistics are proposed and validated. Unphysical solutions are also associated with the application of the popular Boltzmann collision operator in the limit of high electron density. An original formulation of the collision operator in the relaxation time approximation is proposed leading to proper asymptotic behavior in both limits of the relaxation time. Coupled solutions of the Wigner transport equation and the Poisson equation for an RTD structure reveal current to be a continuous but multivalued function of applied bias and tristability to be an intrinsic property of device operation. C1 [Yoder, P. Douglas] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Grupen, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, R. Kent] Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Yoder, PD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM doug.yoder@gatech.edu; matthew.grupen@wpafb.af.mil RI Yoder, Paul/B-2925-2013 OI Yoder, Paul/0000-0001-7462-9416 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-1659]; DARPA [FA8650-07-1-7708]; AFOSR [LRIR 09RY04COR] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-09-C-1659, by DARPA under contract FA8650-07-1-7708, and by AFOSR under Grant LRIR 09RY04COR. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor J. C. S. Woo. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3265 EP 3274 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2081672 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 682QI UT WOS:000284417700006 ER PT J AU Rao, X Hammack, S Lee, T Carter, C Matveev, IB AF Rao, Xing Hammack, Steve Lee, Tonghun Carter, Campbell Matveev, Igor B. TI Combustion Dynamics of Plasma-Enhanced Premixed and Nonpremixed Flames SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide; fuel reforming; hydroxyl; laser induced fluorescence; plasma assisted combustion; premixed and nonpremixed flame ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; IGNITION; OH AB Combustion dynamics are investigated for plasma-enhanced methane-air flames in premixed and nonpremixed configurations using a transient arc dc plasmatron. Planar laser-induced fluorescence images of hydroxyl (OH) and carbon monoxide (CO) radicals are obtained over a range of equivalence ratios (phi = 0.7-1.3), flow rates (6-18 LPM), and plasma powers (100-900 mA) to monitor radical propagation and in situ fuel reforming. The flow rates presented here are outside the range of normal flame stability. In the nonpremixed mode, the fuel is injected separately as a coflow around the plasma discharge, resulting in a unique two-cone flame front geometry, and the flame stability is mainly dependent on the flow dynamics. For premixed flames, partial oxidation occurs inside the chamber, resulting in higher energy conversion efficiencies, and stability is shown to be sensitive to the combustion chemistry. Both configurations are significantly influenced by in situ fuel reforming at higher plasma powers. C1 [Rao, Xing; Hammack, Steve; Lee, Tonghun] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Matveev, Igor B.] Appl Plasma Technol, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Rao, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI rao, xing/G-8464-2012; Lee, Tonghun/A-5263-2014 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0282, FA9550-10-1-0556] FX This work was supported by AFOSR under reward FA9550-09-1-0282 and FA9550-101-0556. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 38 IS 12 SI SI BP 3265 EP 3271 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2087041 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 693TE UT WOS:000285247500002 ER PT J AU Rice, M Butts, J Miller, R Shenoi, S AF Rice, Mason Butts, Jonathan Miller, Robert Shenoi, Sujeet TI Applying public health strategies to the protection of cyberspace SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Cyberspace; Protection strategies; Public health AB Modern society has made massive strides in public health that have contributed to the quality of life we enjoy today. However, the current cyberspace health environment is arguably similar to the public health environment that existed in nineteenth century New York City, if not Europe during the Middle Ages. How would the critical infrastructure cope with a pandemic cyberspace infection with the virulence and potency of the Black Death? This paper presents a strategy for cyberspace health that is inspired by constructs and initiatives in the public health domain. The strategy has five components: (i) sanitizing the environment; (ii) controlling community infections; (iii) educating the actors; (iv) organizing detection and prevention services; and (v) creating the social machinery for cyberspace health. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rice, Mason; Shenoi, Sujeet] Univ Tulsa, Dept Comp Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Butts, Jonathan] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Robert] Natl Def Univ, Informat Resources Management Coll, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Shenoi, S (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Comp Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM sujeet@utulsa.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-5482 J9 INT J CRIT INFR PROT JI Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3-4 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.ijcip.2010.07.002 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA V24NG UT WOS:000208416500004 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ Millwater, HR Yang, XB AF Golden, Patrick J. Millwater, Harry R. Yang, Xiaobin TI Probabilistic fretting fatigue life prediction of Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fretting fatigue; Crack propagation; Probabilistic analysis; Probabilistic sensitivities ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; MODEL AB A probabilistic analysis of the fatigue life of specimens subject to fretting fatigue was developed. A mechanics based fretting life analysis was applied that employed the local stress gradient at the edge of contact. The random variables in the analysis included the initial crack size, coefficient of friction, partial slip slope, crack growth rate law, and the contact pad profile. The variation in pad profiles was determined through measurement of 77 machined pads. Distributions for the other random variables were obtained using previously generated test data. A probabilistic fatigue analysis was applied using Monte Carlo sampling to determine the statistics (mean and standard deviation) of the fatigue life prediction and was compared to fretting fatigue test data. Several qualitative and quantitative sensitivity methods were applied to the results including the calculation of the probabilistic sensitivities (partial derivatives of the fatigue life statistics with respect to the input probability density function parameters) via linear regression and finite difference. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Golden, Patrick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Millwater, Harry R.; Yang, Xiaobin] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), 2230 10th St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [USAF-5212-STI-SC-0021] FX The authors would like to thank Prof. Farris and his students at Purdue University for providing the CAPRI software used in this study. This work was partially supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate through sub-contract USAF-5212-STI-SC-0021 from General Dynamics Information Technology to the University of Texas at San Antonio. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1937 EP 1947 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.06.007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 644BB UT WOS:000281344300007 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, Steven Pachter, Ruth TI The effects of the dimethylether bridging moiety in the H-cluster of the Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase on the mechanism of H-2 production: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE All-iron hydrogenase; QM/MM; Hydrogenase mechanism; Hydrogen production; Dimethyletherdithiolate ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; ACTIVE-SITE; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; COORDINATION; LIGAND; NIFE; IRON AB [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenases are naturally occurring metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible production of H-2 from two protons and two electrons. [Fe Fe]-hydrogenases found in two species Clostridium pasteurianum (CpI) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (DdH) - were shown with x-ray crystallography to have active sites that are very similar, although several atoms that bridge the dithiolate ligand were unresolved. In earlier work, we employed density functional theory (DFT) within a QW/MM method to investigate two previously proposed mechanisms of hydrogen production by DdH and CpI hydrogenases. In one mechanism (I), a CO ligand bridging two Fe atoms in the active site rotates to a terminal position while in the other (II) the CO bridge remains intact throughout the catalytic cycle. We previously assumed that the active sites for the two hydrogenases were identical; each had a dimethylamine bridging moiety, whose basicity is important for Mechanism II. Our overall conclusion, taking into consideration an energy comparison for the two mechanisms and activation energies for the CO-unbridging step in Mechanism I, was that Mechanism II was favored for both hydrogenases. In this paper, we extend our previous work to show that Mechanism II is favored over Mechanism I even if the bridging moiety in CpI hydrogenase is dimethylether, a significantly weaker base than dimethylamine, providing further support for Mechanism II even though experimental verification of the bridging moiety for the CpI H-cluster is lacking. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trohalaki, Steven; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil; ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Calculations were performed with facilities provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense Supercomputing Center. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 24 BP 13179 EP 13185 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.095 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 689YN UT WOS:000284967100005 ER PT J AU Oskay, C Haney, M AF Oskay, Caglar Haney, Mark TI Computational modeling of titanium structures subjected to thermo-chemo-mechanical environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Multi-physics; Titanium; Failure; Embrittlement; Alpha-case ID ALPHA-CASE FORMATION; OXYGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; INVESTMENT CASTINGS; BETA-TITANIUM; ALLOY; DIFFUSION; OXIDATION; METALS AB This manuscript provides a new coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical computational model for titanium structures subjected to extreme loading and environment. The proposed model accounts for the formation of oxygen enriched (alpha-case) titanium, as well as the coupling effects between the response characteristics of mechanical and oxygen infiltration processes into titanium at high temperature environment. The formation of alpha-case at the surface of the structure is modeled as diffusion of oxygen into the titanium substrate. The mechanical response of the structure is idealized using the Johnson-Cook model, which is generalized to account for the effects of oxygen induced embrittlement and hardening. The interplay between mechanical damage, oxygen infiltration and temperature on the chemo-mechanical response is evaluated using numerical simulations. The fully coupled mechanical and diffusion processes are solved based on a staggered coupling algorithm. The capabilities of the computational model are assessed by the analysis of a panel composed of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo titanium alloy subjected to thermal shock loading. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oskay, Caglar] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37325 USA. [Haney, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oskay, C (reprint author), VU Stn B 351831,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM caglar.oskay@vanderbilt.edu RI Oskay, Caglar/F-9032-2011 FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (AF SFFP) [FA9550-09-C-0114]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (AF SFFP Contract No: FA9550-09-C-0114) and Air Force Research Laboratory for support, collaboration and funding of this research. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 47 IS 24 BP 3341 EP 3351 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.08.014 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 672RO UT WOS:000283604800012 ER PT J AU Chen, JZ Green-Church, KB Nichols, KK AF Chen, Jianzhong Green-Church, Kari B. Nichols, Kelly K. TI Shotgun Lipidomic Analysis of Human Meibomian Gland Secretions with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; CHRONIC BLEPHARITIS; HUMAN MEIBUM; DRY EYE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; STEER; POLAR; IDENTIFICATION; ALCOHOLS; MUCIN AB PURPOSE. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the major molecular components of the lipids in normal human meibomian gland secretions (meibum). METHODS. The meibum samples were studied by direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI), quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, in both positive and negative detection modes. RESULTS. Hundreds of peaks were detected, among which the molecular compositions and subclasses of approximately 160 major peaks were confidently identified. The compositions and subclasses of these peaks were determined from collision-induced dissociation fragmentation patterns, high-resolution and high-mass-accuracy spectra, and references of literature reports. The major peaks detected in positive mode were those of nonpolar lipids, including wax esters, cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, and diesters, whereas in negative mode, the major peaks detected were those of polar lipids, including free fatty acids and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS. The analysis of intact lipids in meibum with direct infusion ESI-MS/MS analysis has the advantages of minimal sample preparation (no chromatography or pre-separation needed), mild experimental conditions, high throughput, and high sensitivity. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:6220-6231) DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-5687 C1 [Nichols, Kelly K.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chen, Jianzhong] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Chen, Jianzhong; Green-Church, Kari B.] Ohio State Univ, Mass Spectrometry & Prote Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nichols, KK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, 320 W 10th Ave,Room 101, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM nichols.214@osu.edu RI Green, Kari/H-3541-2011; Chen, Jianzhong/I-4450-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [NEI R01EY015519] FX Supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NEI R01EY015519. NR 44 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 6220 EP 6231 DI 10.1167/iovs.10-5687 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 688GJ UT WOS:000284837500018 PM 20671273 ER PT J AU Chen, JZ Green-Church, KB Nichols, KK AF Chen, Jianzhong Green-Church, Kari B. Nichols, Kelly K. TI Author Response: On the Presence and Role of Polar Lipids in Meibum SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MEIBOMIAN GLAND C1 [Chen, Jianzhong] AF Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH USA. [Chen, Jianzhong; Green-Church, Kari B.] Ohio State Univ, Mass Spectrometry & Prote Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nichols, Kelly K.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chen, JZ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH USA. EM nichols.214@osu.edu RI Green, Kari/H-3541-2011; Chen, Jianzhong/I-4450-2012 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 6910 EP 6911 DI 10.1167/iovs.10-6547 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 688GJ UT WOS:000284837500137 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Banerjee, R Viswanathan, GB Nag, S Hwang, JY Tiley, J Fraser, HL AF Srinivasan, R. Banerjee, R. Viswanathan, G. B. Nag, S. Hwang, J. Y. Tiley, J. Fraser, H. L. TI The Use of Advanced Characterization to study Transitions across Solid State Interfaces SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERALLOY; RESOLUTION; ALLOYS; PHASE; ABERRATIONS; DEPENDENCE; CERAMICS; BAINITE; SILICON AB The atomic-scale study of solid solid interfaces in complex multi-phase multicomponent systems is a challenging but important endeavor This article high-lights the coupling of recently developed advanced characterization techniques such as high resolution scanning trans mission electron microscopy carried out in an aberration corrected micro-scope and atom probe tomography to address the structural and compositional transition at the atomic scale across solid-solid interfaces such as the gamma/gamma' interface in nickel base superalloys and the alpha/beta interface in titanium alloys Possible implications of such investigations of the interface on the understanding of physical and mechanical properties are discussed C1 [Srinivasan, R.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Banerjee, R.; Nag, S.; Hwang, J. Y.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2010 VL 62 IS 12 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11837-010-0183-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 692QU UT WOS:000285171000010 ER PT J AU Wang, X Baca, FJ Emergo, RLS Wu, JZ Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Wang, Xiang Baca, F. Javier Emergo, Rose L. S. Wu, Judy Z. Haugan, Timothy J. Barnes, Paul N. TI Eliminating thickness dependence of critical current density in YBa2Cu3O7-x films with aligned BaZrO3 nanorods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; DEFECT AB The thickness dependence of critical current density (J(c)) has been investigated in YBa2Cu3O7-x films with BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods (YBCO/BZO) aligned along the film normal. With the presence of linear defects in the YBCO/BZO films, the thickness dependence of J(c) becomes negligible at self field and weak applied magnetic field (H), suggesting these linear defects playing a key role to the elimination of the thickness dependence of J(c). The effect of temperature (T) and H on J(c) thickness dependence have been investigated and comparisons have been made between YBCO and YBCO/BZO samples. Since BZO nanorods alignment is greatly influenced by growth temperature, the quantitative difference in terms of nanorod's density and average length is reflected on J(c) angular dependence of H and J(c) thickness dependence as thermally assisted flux motion (TAFM) becomes important above a threshold H determined by the BZO nanorod density. With further increasing H, a monotonically increasing J(c) vs. thickness trend was observed in YBCO/BZO films, in contrast to an opposite trend when collective pinning is dominant. This result suggests the thickness dependence of J(c) is dictated by the microstructure and hence pinning mechanism in YBCO films. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3512988] C1 [Wang, Xiang; Baca, F. Javier; Emergo, Rose L. S.; Wu, Judy Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Haugan, Timothy J.; Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM xiangw@ku.edu FU NSF [NSF-DMR-0803149, NSF EPSCoR-0903806]; AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0458] FX The authors acknowledge the support from NSF (Contract Nos. NSF-DMR-0803149 and NSF EPSCoR-0903806) and AFOSR (Contract No. FA9550-06-1-0458) NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 11 AR 113911 DI 10.1063/1.3512988 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696XG UT WOS:000285474100082 ER PT J AU Kim, TT Mall, S Zawada, LP Jefferson, G AF Kim, Ted T. Mall, Shankar Zawada, Larry P. Jefferson, George TI Simultaneous Fatigue and Combustion Exposure of a SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ceramic matrix composite; combustion; burner rig; fatigue; oxidation; thermal stress; Hi-Nicalon type S fiber; SiC matrix; BN interphase ID STRESS-RUPTURE; BORON-NITRIDE; SIC FIBERS; TEMPERATURES; DEGRADATION; INTERPHASE; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; STRENGTH; CARBON AB A melt-infiltrated (MI) woven ceramic matrix composite consisting of a silicon carbide matrix reinforced by boron nitride coated Hi-Nicalon type S (TM) SiC fiber, Hi-Nic-S/BN/SiC, was tested under tension-tension fatigue loading in combination with combustion conditions representative of those experienced by hot-section components such as turbine blades and vanes in modern gas turbine engines. The burner rig fatigue data and fracture surfaces were analyzed for the effects of oxidation on life, failure, and damage mechanisms. These test results were then compared with those obtained from similar fatigue tests performed in a standard furnace under laboratory air environment. Fatigue life in the combustion condition was lower by an order of magnitude in comparison to the isothermal furnace results across the range of applied stress, and so demonstrates the importance of representative combined environment testing in conjunction with fundamental load testing. The observed difference in fatigue performance is attributed to the thermal gradient stress and increased rate of oxidation due to a high moisture level in the combustion rig test condition. The former was verified using finite element analysis and the latter from microscopic analysis of the fracture surfaces. C1 [Kim, Ted T.; Mall, Shankar] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Ted T.; Zawada, Larry P.; Jefferson, George] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) FX We thank Dr Ronald J. Kerans of AFRL for providing vision and opportunity to put forth the development efforts for the AFIT/AFRL burner rig facility and also thank Dr Michael J. Verrilli of General Electrics (GE) for providing specimens as well as invaluable insights of CMCs. We express sincere gratitude to Dr Elizabeth Downie and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) for providing generous support and funding for this research. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 25 BP 2991 EP 3016 DI 10.1177/0021998310373519 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 690IL UT WOS:000284996400004 ER PT J AU Trad, TM Donley, KB Look, DC Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Taylor, CR AF Trad, Tarek M. Donley, Kyle B. Look, David C. Eyink, Kurt G. Tomich, David H. Taylor, Curtis R. TI Low temperature deposition of zinc oxide nanoparticles via zinc-rich vapor phase transport and condensation SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Nanostructures; Chemical vapor deposition processes; Semiconducting II-VI materials ID HYBRID SOLAR-CELLS; CONJUGATED POLYMER; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; ZNO NANOWIRES; SURFACE AB ZnO nanoparticles as small as 80 nm were successfully synthesized using a modified vapor phase transport (VPT) process at substrate temperatures as low as 222 degrees C Particle size distribution and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate the synthesis of high quality crystalline ZnO structures Low temperature (4 2 K) photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical quality of the nanoparticles Ultraviolet emission and a nanostructure specific feature at 3 366 eV are strong in the PL spectra The 3 366 eV feature is observed to predominate the spectrum with decrease in particle size This size effect corroborates the luminescence as a nanostructure-specific surface related exciton feature as previously speculated in the literature In addition self-assembled ZnO mesoparticles ( > 100 nm) were realized by increasing the growth time Low growth temperatures of the particles allow for their potential utilization in flexible organic hybrid optoelectronics However this work focuses mainly on the modified synthesis and optical characterization of nanoparticles (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Trad, Tarek M.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Donley, Kyle B.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Eyink, Kurt G.; Tomich, David H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Taylor, Curtis R.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Trad, TM (reprint author), Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RI Taylor, Curtis/J-6236-2013 OI Taylor, Curtis/0000-0001-9184-5487 FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0013]; NSF [DMR0803276]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46389] FX We thank W Rice photoluminescence measurements Support for DCL is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources AFOSR Grant FA9550-07-1-0013 (K. Reinhardt) NSF Grant DMR0803276 (L Hess) and DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER46389 (R. Kortan) Our thanks are also extended to Mr James Spivey at Virginia Commonwealth University for his help with electron microscopy NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 24 BP 3675 EP 3679 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.08.062 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 689HD UT WOS:000284917800022 ER PT J AU Rutledge, JL King, PI Rivir, R AF Rutledge, James L. King, Paul I. Rivir, Richard TI Time Averaged Net Heat Flux Reduction for Unsteady Film Cooling SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID JET AB Film cooling flow for reduction in heat flux to a gas turbine engine hot gas path component is generally assumed to be steady. However, unsteady film cooling may occur due to naturally occurring flow unsteadiness or may be induced intentionally. Analysis of pulsed or otherwise unsteady film coolant flow necessitates a reformulation of the existing steady-state technique for net heat flux reduction (NHFR). We show that addition of a cross-coupled term to the traditional steady form of the NHFR equation with time averaged quantities accounts for the unsteady effects. In the experimental technique to determine the time averaged NHFR, we present a new parameter gamma to capture the combined influence of the average adiabatic effectiveness and the coupling between eta' and h'. Measurement of gamma is shown to be straightforward but requiring careful considerations beyond those required to measure eta with steady film cooling. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001810] C1 [Rutledge, James L.; King, Paul I.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rivir, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rutledge, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.rutledge@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 121901 DI 10.1115/1.4001810 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 696JM UT WOS:000285437700006 ER PT J AU Wu, L Dooley, S Watson, EA McManamon, PF Xie, HK AF Wu, Lei Dooley, Sarah Watson, Edward A. McManamon, Paul F. Xie, Huikai TI A Tip-Tilt-Piston Micromirror Array for Optical Phased Array Applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Electrothermal bimorph; microelectromechanical devices; optical phased array (OPA); tip-tilt-piston (TTP) micromirror ID HIGH FILL-FACTOR; ACTUATORS; CRYSTAL AB A tip-tilt-piston micromirror array based on electrothermal bimorph actuation is presented. The micromirror uses a compactly folded actuator design that can realize high fill-factor with a simple fabrication process. A 4x4 micromirror array with sub-apertures of 0.9 mm and a fill-factor of 54% is demonstrated. A piston actuation of about 200 mu m and tip-tilt scanning of +/- 18 degrees optical angles are obtained at a driving voltage as small as 4.5 Vdc. The mirror's tip-tilt steering capability and piston control make it promising for optical phased array applications. The phased array concept is demonstrated by phasing two adjacent mirrors on the mirror array. Other device characterizations including frequency, transient response, and mirror surface quality are also reported. C1 [Wu, Lei] WiOptix Inc, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Dooley, Sarah; Watson, Edward A.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [McManamon, Paul F.] Univ Dayton, Ladar & Opt Commun Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Xie, Huikai] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), WiOptix Inc, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM lesleswu@gmail.com; Sarah.Dooley@wpafb.af.mil; edward.watson@wpafb.af.mil; paul_mcmanamon@yahoo.com; hkxie@ece.ufl.edu RI Wu, Lei/G-5938-2012; li, li/E-9763-2012 FU National Science Foundation [0725598]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0292] FX Manuscript received November 25, 2009; revised July 21, 2010; accepted August 6, 2010. Date of publication October 11, 2010; date of current version November 30, 2010. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Award 0725598 and in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Contract FA9550-08-1-0292. Subject Editor O. Solgaard. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1450 EP 1461 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2010.2076777 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 688TC UT WOS:000284875400019 ER PT J AU Duquette, TL Watson, DJ AF Duquette, Thomas L. Watson, Daniel J. TI Femoral Neck Stress Fracture in a Military Trainee SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Duquette, TL (reprint author), 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 834 EP 834 DI 10.2519/jospt.2010.0421 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 699JQ UT WOS:000285660100009 PM 21169721 ER PT J AU Goodman, MD Makley, AT Lentsch, AB Barnes, SL Dorlac, GR Dorlac, WC Johannigman, JA Pritts, TA AF Goodman, Michael D. Makley, Amy T. Lentsch, Alex B. Barnes, Stephen L. Dorlac, Gina R. Dorlac, Warren C. Johannigman, Jay A. Pritts, Timothy A. TI Traumatic Brain Injury and Aeromedical Evacuation When is the Brain Fit to Fly? SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE traumatic brain injury; aeromedical evacuation; inflammation; en route care; critical care aeromedic transport team ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; HIGH-ALTITUDE; COMBAT CASUALTIES; ENDURING-FREEDOM; PULMONARY-EDEMA; UNITED-STATES; MAJOR TRAUMA; INTERLEUKIN-6; AFGHANISTAN AB Background To review the inflammatory sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and altitude exposure and discuss the potential impact of aeromedical evacuation (AE) on this process Methods Literature review and expert opinion regarding the inflammatory effects of TBI and AE Results Traumatic brain injury has been called the signature injury of the current military conflict As a result of the increasing incidence of blast injury, TBI is responsible for significant mortality and enduring morbidity in injured soldiers Common secondary insults resulting from post-traumatic cerebral inflammation are recognized to adversely impact outcome AE utilizing Critical Care Air Transport Teams has become a standard of care practice following battlefield injury, to quickly and safely transport critically in jured soldiers to more sophisticated echelons of care Exposure to the hypobaric conditions of the AE pro cess may impose an additional physiologic risk on the TBI patient as well as a "second hit" inflammatory stimulus Conclusions We review the known inflammatory effects of TBI and altitude exposure and propose that optimizing the post-traumatic inflammatory profile may assist in determining an ideal time to fly for head-injured soldiers (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Goodman, Michael D.; Makley, Amy T.; Lentsch, Alex B.; Dorlac, Gina R.; Dorlac, Warren C.; Johannigman, Jay A.; Pritts, Timothy A.] Univ Cincinnati Coll Med, UCIMM, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dorlac, Gina R.; Dorlac, Warren C.] US AF Med Corps, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills Cincinn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Barnes, Stephen L.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Div Acute Care Surg, Columbia, MO USA. RP Goodman, MD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Mail Locat 0558,231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. FU United States Air Force/Henry Jackson Foundation [FA8650 05 2 6518] FX The authors acknowledge support in part for this study by the United States Air Force/Henry Jackson Foundation award FA8650 05 2 6518 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 2 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2009.07.040 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 690AO UT WOS:000284972600018 PM 20006349 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Wong, V Haynes, MF Bush, AC Schillerstrom, JE AF Peterson, Alan L. Wong, Vanessa Haynes, Margaret F. Bush, Anneke C. Schillerstrom, Jason E. TI Documented Combat-Related Mental Health Problems in Military Noncombatants SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PRIMARY-CARE; US VETERANS; IRAQ-WAR; PSYCHOLOGICAL RISKS; AFGHANISTAN; SYMPTOMS; DEPRESSION; DEPLOYMENT; VIETNAM AB Although combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been documented for military combatants, little is known about PTSD in noncombatants. Active-duty U.S. Air Force noncombatants (N = 5,367) completed a Post-Deployment Health Assessment upon return from combat zones in Iraq (n = 4,408) or a noncombat zone in Qatar (n = 959). Those deployed to Iraq were significantly more likely to report exposure to someone who was wounded or killed (20.8% vs. 6.3%), feeling in great danger of being killed at some point during deployment (18.9% vs. 3.5%), symptoms of PTSD (4.1% vs. 0.7%), and symptoms of major depression (9.9% vs. 5.4%). These findings suggest that deployment to a war zone is associated with increased mental health problems, even for noncombatants. C1 [Peterson, Alan L.; Wong, Vanessa; Schillerstrom, Jason E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.; Wong, Vanessa] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, 7550 IH-10 W,Suite 1325, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM pertersona3@uthscsa.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.1002/jts.20585 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 697NS UT WOS:000285520900003 PM 21171127 ER PT J AU Singhal, D Weitzel, EK Lin, E Feldt, B Kriete, B McMains, KC Thwin, M Wormald, PJ AF Singhal, Deepti Weitzel, Erik Kent Lin, Elissa Feldt, Brent Kriete, Brian McMains, Kevin Christopher Thwin, May Wormald, Peter-John TI Effect of Head Position and Surgical Dissection on Sinus Irrigant Penetration in Cadavers SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE Nasal irrigation; douching; sinus; sinusitis; frontal; maxillary; sphenoid; cadaver; ostial size; head position ID CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS; NASAL IRRIGATION; BIOFILMS; BACTERIAL AB Background: Effective treatment for recalcitrant rhinosinusitis requires unobstructed surgical marsupialization of sinus cavities and use of delivery systems that will topically penetrate the sinuses. Aims: To determine the extent of sinus penetration achieved with nasal irrigation by varying the ostial size and head position. Methods: Ten thawed fresh-frozen cadaver heads were dissected in a staged manner. After each stage of dissection, sinus squeeze-bottle irrigations were performed in three head positions, and endoscopes placed via external ports into the sinus cavities viewed the sinus ostia. An ordinal scale was developed to grade ostial penetration of irrigations. Three reviewers independently graded the outcomes. Results: Irrigant entry into sinuses increased with ostial size (P <.001) and the greatest differential of improvement in sinus penetration is obtained at an ostial size of 4.7 mm. Stages 2 and 3 (larger sinus ostia) of maxillary and sphenoid dissections have statistically greater irrigant penetration relative to earlier stages. Frontal sinus irrigation is worse in vertex to ceiling head position. There does not appear to be any significant advantage to head position with maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Conclusions: This study shows that the larger the sinus ostium, the better the penetration of irrigant into the sinus, with an ostium of at least 4.7 mm allowing maximal penetration in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. The same benefit was not noted in the frontal sinus. Head position was only relevant to the frontal sinus where less penetration was seen with the head neutral (vertex to ceiling) position when compared to forward angled positions. C1 [Singhal, Deepti; Thwin, May; Wormald, Peter-John] Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Surg Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Weitzel, Erik Kent; Lin, Elissa; Feldt, Brent; Kriete, Brian] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Rhinol Sect, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [McMains, Kevin Christopher] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Wormald, PJ (reprint author), Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. EM pjwormald@professorwormald.com.au OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2010 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2528 EP 2531 DI 10.1002/lary.21092 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 690WW UT WOS:000285041300031 PM 21058393 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Groeber, MA Simmons, JP Rosenberger, AH Woodward, C AF Tschopp, M. A. Groeber, M. A. Simmons, J. P. Rosenberger, A. H. Woodward, C. TI Automated extraction of symmetric microstructure features in serial sectioning images SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Single crystal; Nickel-based superalloy; Materials characterization; Dendrite core; Feature extraction; Image processing ID DENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURES; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURE; FIB TOMOGRAPHY; ALLOY; RECONSTRUCTION; COMPOSITES; SYSTEM; SOLDER; EBSD AB Serial sectioning methods continue to produce a wealth of image data for quantifying the three-dimensional nature of material microstructures. In this work, we discuss a computational methodology for automated detection and 3D characterization of dendrite cores from images taken from slices of a production turbine blade made of a heat-treated single crystal Ni-based superalloy. The dendrite core locations are detected using an automated segmentation technique that incorporates information over multiple length scales and exploits the four-fold symmetry of the dendrites when viewed down the (100) growth direction. Additional rules that take advantage of the continuity of the dendrites from slice to slice help to exclude segmentation artifacts and improve dendrite core segmentation. The significance of this technique is that it may be extended to include any symmetric features. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tschopp, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Groeber, M. A.; Simmons, J. P.; Rosenberger, A. H.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mtschopp@cavs.msstate.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS) at Mississippi State University FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. MAT would like to acknowledge the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS) at Mississippi State University for supporting this work. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1406 EP 1417 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2010.10.008 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 701LI UT WOS:000285819000013 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Tiley, JS Viswanathan, GB AF Tschopp, M. A. Tiley, J. S. Viswanathan, G. B. TI Automated identification and characterisation of secondary and tertiary gamma ' precipitates in nickel-based superalloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy; Automated detection; Nickel based superalloy; Characterisation ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS; PRIMARY CREEP; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; ALLOYS; DT AB The use of different electron loss edges in energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) has allowed researchers to capture images of the morphology and size of precipitates in nickel-based superalloys. In this work, the authors discuss a computational methodology for automated detection of secondary and tertiary gamma' precipitates in EFTEM images. The optimum parameters for the automated region growing technique were identified using a combination of visual inspection and intensity information from the EFTEM images. The microstructural statistics obtained from the segmented gamma' precipitates agreed with those of the manually segmented precipitates. Then, automated segmented precipitates are used to extract microstructural information about the distributions of equivalent diameters of 656 tertiary precipitates along with the distances to the nearest secondary precipitates. The significance of this technique is its ability to automate segmentation of precipitates in a reproducible manner for acquiring microstructural statistics that relate to both processing and properties. C1 [Tschopp, M. A.; Tiley, J. S.; Viswanathan, G. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mtschopp@cavs.msstate.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 EI 1743-2847 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1414 EP 1422 DI 10.1179/026708309X12560332736638 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 686HS UT WOS:000284688000002 ER PT J AU Witkop, CT Warren, MP AF Witkop, Catherine T. Warren, Michelle P. TI Understanding the Spectrum of the Female Athlete Triad SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; EATING-DISORDERS; AMENORRHEA; WOMEN C1 [Witkop, Catherine T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Med, New York, NY USA. RP Witkop, CT (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2355 Fac Dr,Room 2N286, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM katika@aya.yale.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1444 EP 1448 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fbed40 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 683QT UT WOS:000284491000030 PM 21099615 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Xi, HW AF Ullrich, Bruno Xi, Haowen TI Photocurrent theory based on coordinate dependent lifetime SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM-SULFIDE; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY AB Recent work by Pejova [Mater. Res. Bull. 43, 2887 (2008)] showed that the widely cited classical photocurrent theory of DeVore [Phys. Rev. 102, 86 (1956)] does not necessarily apply for photocurrent experiments carried out on thin-film semiconductors. In this Letter, we theoretically and experimentally justify the successful use of the photocurrent model published by Bouchenaki et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 691 (1991)]. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Ullrich, Bruno] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xi, Haowen] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bruno.ullrich@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 23 BP 3910 EP 3912 DI 10.1364/OL.35.003910 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 688EI UT WOS:000284832200018 PM 21124562 ER PT J AU Alvarez, MV Evidente, VGH Grogan, PM AF Alvarez, Maria V. Evidente, Virgilio Gerald H. Grogan, Patrick M. TI Botulinum toxin for painful limbs moving extremities: Are distal injections critical? SO PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID A INJECTIONS; TOES; LEGS C1 [Alvarez, Maria V.; Grogan, Patrick M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol SG05N, San Antonio, TX USA. [Evidente, Virgilio Gerald H.] Mayo Clin, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Grogan, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol SG05N, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM patrick.grogan.1@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-8020 J9 PARKINSONISM RELAT D JI Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 10 BP 693 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.002 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 707QB UT WOS:000286300000017 PM 20800531 ER PT J AU Nath, PI Lattin, GE AF Nath, Priya I. Lattin, Grant E., Jr. TI Patellar sleeve fracture SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nath, Priya I.] USAF, Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lattin, Grant E., Jr.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USAF, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Nath, PI (reprint author), USAF, Sch Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM priya.nath@usuhs.mil NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 SU 1 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s00247-010-1721-8 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692KZ UT WOS:000285153000026 ER PT J AU Byerly, DW Schlesinger, AE AF Byerly, Douglas W. Schlesinger, Alan E. TI Acquired aortic nipple: a potential sign of deep venous obstruction SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schlesinger, Alan E.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Byerly, Douglas W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio Uniformed Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Schlesinger, AE (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 6621 Fannin St,MC CC470-01, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM alanschlesinger@mac.com NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 SU 1 BP 71 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s00247-010-1760-1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692KZ UT WOS:000285153000034 ER PT J AU Courtney, MW Courtney, AC AF Courtney, Michael W. Courtney, Amy C. TI Note: A table-top blast driven shock tube SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The prevalence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury in conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has motivated laboratory scale experiments on biomedical effects of blast waves and studies of blast wave transmission properties of various materials in hopes of improving armor design to mitigate these injuries. This paper describes the design and performance of a table-top shock tube that is more convenient and widely accessible than traditional compression driven and blast driven shock tubes. The design is simple: it is an explosive driven shock tube employing a rifle primer that explodes when impacted by the firing pin. The firearm barrel acts as the shock tube, and the shock wave emerges from the muzzle. The small size of this shock tube can facilitate localized application of a blast wave to a subject, tissue, or material under test. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3518970] C1 [Courtney, Michael W.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Courtney, Amy C.] Force Protect Ind Inc, Ladson, SC 29456 USA. RP Courtney, MW (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.Courtney@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 12 AR 126103 DI 10.1063/1.3518970 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 700UW UT WOS:000285770800052 PM 21198058 ER PT J AU Li, AG Burggraf, LW AF Li, Alex G. Burggraf, Larry W. TI Glass transitions in nanoscale heated volumes of thin polystyrene films SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; SURFACE RELAXATION PROCESS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LINE TENSION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; ADHESION; SIZE; LIQUIDS; BIREFRINGENCE AB Glass transitions in confined polystyrene films on a silicon substrate were studied using atomic force microscopy incorporating a thermal tip. Three-dimensional spatial nanoconfinements were achieved by controlling size and boundary conditions of small heated volumes of polymer nanostrands drawn from the polymer surface with the thermal tip, using appropriate loads and temperatures at the tip-polymer contact. Finite element analysis was performed to model mechanical contact and thermal transport, including the effects of contact radius, film thickness, and load on temperature and pressure distributions in the confined volume at the contact. The glass transition temperature (T-g) was measured by observing the softening of polymers with increasing temperature. The measured surface T-g exhibited a strong size dependence, while the subsurface T-g increased with decreasing the distance to the substrate. A large increase in the surface T-g was observed when the radius of contact was reduced below about 10 nm. The increase in the glass transition temperature at the surface was attributed to the presence of surface and line tension at the nanometer contact, while the enhanced T-g near the substrate was attributed to the pinning effects that reduces the mobility of the polymer molecules in the film over several hundreds of nanometers away from the polymer-substrate interface. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3529016] C1 [Li, Alex G.; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, AG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alex.li@afit.edu FU Department of Engineering Physics of the Air Force Institute of Technology in support of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was partially sponsored by the Department of Engineering Physics of the Air Force Institute of Technology in support of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank David Phillips for producing the polystyrene films. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect official position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 12 AR 123707 DI 10.1063/1.3529016 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 700UW UT WOS:000285770800026 PM 21198032 ER PT J AU Cliver, E van Driel-Gesztelyi, L AF Cliver, Ed van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia TI Solar Physics Memoir Series Reinstituted SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Cliver, Ed] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia] Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, Budapest, Hungary. RP van Driel-Gesztelyi, L (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM Lidia.vanDriel@obspm.fr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 267 IS 2 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9667-4 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 687ID UT WOS:000284771300001 ER PT J AU Sturrock, PA Buncher, JB Fischbach, E Gruenwald, JT Javorsek, D Jenkins, JH Lee, RH Mattes, JJ Newport, JR AF Sturrock, P. A. Buncher, J. B. Fischbach, E. Gruenwald, J. T. Javorsek, D., II Jenkins, J. H. Lee, R. H. Mattes, J. J. Newport, J. R. TI Power Spectrum Analysis of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Decay-Rate Data: Evidence for Solar Rotational Modulation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nuclear physics; Solar structure; Solar neutrinos ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; NUCLEAR DECAY; SPACED DATA; GALLEX-II; PERTURBATION; OSCILLATIONS; FLUX; IV AB Evidence for an anomalous annual periodicity in certain nuclear-decay data has led to speculation on a possible solar influence on nuclear processes. We have recently analyzed data concerning the decay rates of (36)Cl and (32)Si, acquired at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), to search for evidence that might be indicative of a process involving solar rotation. Smoothing of the power spectrum by weighted-running-mean analysis leads to a significant peak at frequency 11.18 year(-1), which is lower than the equatorial synodic rotation rates of the convection and radiative zones. This article concerns measurements of the decay rates of (226)Ra acquired at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany. We find that a similar (but not identical) analysis yields a significant peak in the PTB dataset at frequency 11.21 year(-1), and a peak in the BNL dataset at 11.25 year(-1). The change in the BNL result is not significant, since the uncertainties in the BNL and PTB analyses are estimated to be 0.13 year(-1) and 0.07 year(-1), respectively. Combining the two running means by forming the joint power statistic leads to a highly significant peak at frequency 11.23 year(-1). We will briefly comment on the possible implications of these results for solar physics and for particle physics. C1 [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Buncher, J. B.; Fischbach, E.; Gruenwald, J. T.; Jenkins, J. H.; Mattes, J. J.; Newport, J. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, R. H.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. RP Sturrock, PA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sturrock@stanford.edu; jbuncher@physics.purdue.edu; ephraim@physics.purdue.edu; tom.gruenwald@gmail.com; javorsek@hotmail.com; jere@purdue.edu; Robert.Lee3@usafa.edu; jmattes@purdue.edu; johnnewport@indy.rr.com OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0097128]; US DOE [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX The authors are indebted to D. Alburger and G. Harbottle for supplying us with raw data from the BNL experiment, to H. Schrader for supplying the raw data from the PTB experiment, and to the referee who made a number of suggestions, which significantly improved the article. The work of PAS was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0097128, and that of EF was supported in part by US DOE contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 267 IS 2 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9659-4 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 687ID UT WOS:000284771300003 ER PT J AU de Figueiredo, MR Muratore, C Franz, R Chromik, RR Wahl, KJ Voevodin, AA O'Sullivan, M Lechthaler, M Mitterer, C AF de Figueiredo, M. Rebelo Muratore, C. Franz, R. Chromik, R. R. Wahl, K. J. Voevodin, A. A. O'Sullivan, M. Lechthaler, M. Mitterer, C. TI In Situ Studies of TiC1-x N (x) Hard Coating Tribology SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TiCN; Low-friction; In situ tribometry; Tribofilm ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; 3RD BODIES; FRICTION; WEAR; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; TRIBOMETRY; ARC; MICROSTRUCTURE AB TiC1-x N (x) hard coatings present time-dependent tribological behavior with an initial running-in period (500-2000 cycles) marked by an elevated friction coefficient, followed by > 10000 cycles with low-friction and wear at room temperature (RT) in ambient air. The mechanisms behind this behavior are not completely understood. Tribological tests performed at RT and at different relative humidity (RH) levels revealed that a minimum value between 15 and 25% RH is needed to trigger the low-friction regime at a sliding speed of 100 mm s(-1). By in situ observations of transfer film growth, it could be observed that third body material is formed during this running-in period by plowing of the coating and shearing of the removed material. The appearance and thickening of the transfer film marks the beginning of the steady-state low-friction regime where the velocity is accommodated by interfacial sliding. At this stage in the tribological test, the recorded Raman spectra indicated the presence of C-H bonds in the wear track. Use of in situ analytical tools during wear tests provided insights with respect to tribological phenomena that were not available by conventional, post-mortem analysis methods. C1 [de Figueiredo, M. Rebelo; Franz, R.; Mitterer, C.] Univ Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, Christian Doppler Lab Adv Hard Coatings, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chromik, R. R.] McGill Univ, Dept Min & Mat Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Wahl, K. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mol Interfaces & Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Sullivan, M.] PLANSEE Composite Mat GmbH, D-86983 Lechbruck, Germany. [Lechthaler, M.] OC Oerlikon Balzers AG, FL-9496 Balzers, Liechtenstein. RP de Figueiredo, MR (reprint author), Univ Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, Christian Doppler Lab Adv Hard Coatings, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. EM marisa.figueiredo@unileoben.ac.at RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; Rebelo de Figueiredo, Marisa/F-8671-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Mitterer, Christian/B-4491-2010; Franz, Robert/G-5263-2010; OI Mitterer, Christian/0000-0002-7768-7926; Franz, Robert/0000-0003-4842-7276; Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964; Rebelo de Figueiredo, Marisa/0000-0003-2031-9345 FU Christian Doppler Research Association; Office of Naval Research FX Financial support by the Christian Doppler Research Association is highly acknowledged. K. J. Wahl was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s11249-010-9664-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 684ZK UT WOS:000284593600010 ER PT J AU Gengler, JJ Muratore, C Roy, AK Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA Roy, S Gord, JR AF Gengler, Jamie J. Muratore, Christopher Roy, Ajit K. Hu, Jianjun Voevodin, Andrey A. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Yttria-stabilized zirconia-based composites with adaptive thermal conductivity SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Porosity/voids; Thermal properties ID CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; GRAIN-SIZE; GOLD; WEAR; LUBRICATION; DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION; POROSITY AB Thermal conductivity trends in a "chameleon coating" thin film were characterized with a time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) technique. A yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based nanocomposite material containing similar to 21 vol.% silver (Ag) was employed for this study. The thermal conductivity (k) of the asdeposited composite film was measured with TDTR and found to have a value of 7.4 +/- 1.4 W m(-1) K(-1). The film was then annealed at 500 degrees C for 1 h to stimulate Ag flow from within the composite to the surface via diffusion. The Ag that coalesced on the surface during annealing was removed to expose the underlying porous YSZ matrix, and the sample was reexamined with the TDTR technique. The thermal conductivity of the porous nanocomposite YSZ material was then measured to be 1.6 +/- 0.2 W m(-1) K(-1), which is significantly lower than a fully dense control sample of pure nanocrystalline YSZ (2.0 +/- 0.1 W m(-1) K(-1)). The annealed film displayed a 20% reduction in thermal conductivity as compared to the control sample and a 4-5-fold reduction in thermal conductivity as compared to the as-deposited material. The experiments demonstrate temperature triggering of a composite material, resulting in selfmodifying thermal conductivity and diffusion-controlled porosity. These aspects can be used to enhance or restrict thermal transport (i.e., a thermal switch). The applicability of the TDTR technique to measurements of thin, nanoporous film materials is also demonstrated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gengler, Jamie J.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gengler, Jamie J.; Muratore, Christopher; Roy, Ajit K.; Hu, Jianjun; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, Sukesh; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Combust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gengler, JJ (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM jamie.gengler.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2001]; AFOSR FX The authors would like to thank Professor David G. Cahill for helpful discussions and TDTR calibration samples. This research was performed while one of the authors (J. Gengler) was a National Research Council Associate at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The AFOSR thermal management program is recognized for financial support. Funding was also provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2001. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 70 IS 14 BP 2117 EP 2122 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.08.010 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 674PK UT WOS:000283759400012 ER PT J AU Tiley, J Viswanathan, GB Hwang, JY Shiveley, A Banerjee, R AF Tiley, J. Viswanathan, G. B. Hwang, J. Y. Shiveley, A. Banerjee, R. TI Evaluation of gamma prime volume fractions and lattice misfits in a nickel base superalloy using the external standard X-ray diffraction method SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Volume fraction; Gamma prime; X-ray diffraction ID TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; CR AB The unconstrained lattice parameters and volume fractions of gamma' for a low misfit nickel based superalloy were evaluated using X-ray diffraction techniques. Extraction techniques were used to provide unconstrained gamma' powders for both water quenched and slow cooled samples that were aged at 760 degrees C for 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 h. The external standard method was used to determine the volume fraction for the unaged water quenched sample and the slow cooled sample aged for 200 h. These two extremes in processing conditions provided an increase in the total volume fraction of gamma'. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tiley, J.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Shiveley, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Hwang, J. Y.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Tiley, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM jaimie.tiley@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXLM) under the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation [FA8650-08-C-5226]; Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800, FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXLM) under the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation, Contract FA8650-08-C-5226. Mr. Adam Shiveley was supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-07-D-5800 and Dr. Gopal Viswanathan was supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2010 VL 528 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.036 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 687OQ UT WOS:000284788200005 ER PT J AU Seurer, B Vij, V Haddad, T Mabry, JM Lee, A AF Seurer, Bradley Vij, Vandana Haddad, Timothy Mabry, Joseph M. Lee, Andre TI Thermal Transitions and Reaction Kinetics of Polyhederal Silsesquioxane containing Phenylethynylphthalimides SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE; IMIDE OLIGOMERS; NANOBUILDING BLOCKS; MODEL-COMPOUND; POSS POLYMERS; MAIN-CHAIN; POLYIMIDES; CURE; COPOLYMERS AB Thermal transitions and reaction kinetics of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with phenylethynylphthalimide (PEPI) moieties were investigated Specifically, this study was designed to probe the influence of the POSS peripheries, types of spacer group in between the PEPI and the SiO1 5 core, the architecture of the PEPI arrangement with respect to the SiO1 5 core, and the number of PEPI groups per cage on the thermal transitions and the cross linking reaction of phenylethynyl PEPI-POSS compounds with isobutyl peripheries exhibited lower melting temperatures as compared to those with phenyl periphery consequently these isobutyl PEPI-POSS derivatives have a higher phenylethynyl reaction rate, although the onset of reaction temperature was not significantly affected Changing the spacer group from propyl to phenyl causes an increase in the melting transition temperature along with a higher heat of fusion at melting however, the more rigid phenyl spacer enables the PEPI-POSS to form a higher degree of crystallinity upon cooling The more rigid phenyl spacer also initiates the polyene reactions at lower temperatures For POSS with PEPI attached to either side of the cage, there are two isomers with respect to the SiO1 5 core This mixture of two isomers inhibits the formation of crystallinity as compared with the 'pendent' derivative where both PEPI groups come off from the same corner of FOSS cage Finally, it was found that these PEPI-POSS molecules have reaction kinetics and onset temperatures on par with organic hexafluorophenylethynyl oligoimides, which make these PEPI-POSS molecules excellent candidates as nanocomposite additives in high performance composite applications C1 [Seurer, Bradley; Lee, Andre] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Vij, Vandana; Haddad, Timothy] ERC Inc, USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Lee, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0213] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Polymer Matrix Composites Program, FA9550-08-1-0213, under Dr Charles Lee NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 22 BP 9337 EP 9347 DI 10.1021/ma101640q PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 679QX UT WOS:000284177000016 ER PT J AU Yakovlev, VV Zhang, HF Noojin, GD Denton, ML Thomas, RJ Scully, MO AF Yakovlev, Vladislav V. Zhang, Hao F. Noojin, Gary D. Denton, Michael L. Thomas, Robert J. Scully, Marlan O. TI Stimulated Raman photoacoustic imaging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biomedical imaging; microscopy; nonlinear optics; photoacoustics ID SINGLE LIVING CELLS; IN-VIVO; OPTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENT; DISEASE AB Achieving label-free, molecular-specific imaging with high spatial resolution in deep tissue is often considered the grand challenge of optical imaging. To accomplish this goal, significant optical scattering in tissues has to be overcome while achieving molecular specificity without resorting to extrinsic labeling. We demonstrate the feasibility of developing such an optical imaging modality by combining the molecularly specific stimulated Raman excitation with the photoacoustic detection. By employing two ultrashort excitation laser pulses, separated in frequency by the vibrational frequency of a targeted molecule, only the specific vibrational level of the target molecules in the illuminated tissue volume is excited. This targeted optical absorption generates ultrasonic waves ( referred to as stimulated Raman photoacoustic waves) which are detected using a traditional ultrasonic transducer to form an image following the design of the established photoacoustic microscopy. C1 [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Zhang, Hao F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Denton, Michael L.] TASC Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Coll Appl Sci & Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM yakolev@uwm.edu; zhang25@uwm.edu; scully@tamu.edu RI Zhang, Hao/H-6199-2012; Zhang, Hao/C-2451-2015; Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [R03EB008535]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0925950]; American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) from Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); AFRL [FA8650-08-D-6920]; University of Wisconsin; Shaw Scientist Award FX The authors thank Mr. Tan Liu, Mr. Jing Wang, and Dr. Georgi Petrov for assistance with experimental measurements. The authors acknowledge support of the National Institute of Health (NIH) (Grant R03EB008535), the National Science Foundation (NSF) (ECS Grant 0925950), the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Fellowship from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (to V.V.Y.). Also the Human Effectiveness Directorate, and the St. Mary's University McNair Scholars Program for support of Mr. Corey Harbert in assistance with instrumentation. Support to M. L. D. and G.D.N. was in the form of AFRL Contract FA8650-08-D-6920. The authors thank the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee start-up fund and the Shaw Scientist Award (to H.F.Z.). NR 39 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 47 BP 20335 EP 20339 DI 10.1073/pnas.1012432107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 684DT UT WOS:000284529000037 PM 21059930 ER PT J AU Chen, H Roy, A Baek, JB Zhu, L Qu, J Dai, LM AF Chen, Hao Roy, Ajit Baek, Jong-Beom Zhu, Lin Qu, Jia Dai, Liming TI Controlled growth and modification of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes for multifunctional applications SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanotube; Alignment; Patterning; Functionalization; Application ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM-OXIDE FILM; OXYGEN-REDUCTION; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; PREFERENTIAL GROWTH; PATTERNED GROWTH; SOFT-LITHOGRAPHY; CONTACT TRANSFER; MULTICOMPONENT MICROPATTERNS; CONTROLLED FUNCTIONALIZATION AB Vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes possess many advantages for a wide range of multifunctional applications. Along with the controlled growth of aligned/micropatterned carbon nanotubes, surface modification of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes are essential in order to meet specific requirements demanded for particular applications. While many innovative synthetic methods have been developed for controlled growth of vertically-aligned multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes, various interesting physical and chemical approaches have recently been devised for functionalization of the constituent carbon nanotubes in vertically-aligned carbon nanotube arrays with their alignment being largely retained. In this article, recent developments in the controlled growth and modification of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes for multifunctional applications are reviewed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Hao; Qu, Jia] Wenzhou Med Coll, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Roy, Ajit] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Inst Adv Mat & Chem, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Zhu, Lin; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Zhu, Lin; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Sch Engn, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Qu, J (reprint author), Wenzhou Med Coll, 270 Xueyuan Rd, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM jqu@wzmc.edu.cn; liming.dai@case.edu RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326 FU NSF [CMS-0609077, CTS0438389, CCF-0403130]; MOST of P.R. China [2009DFB30380]; R&D Project of Zhejiang Province of P.R. China [2009C13019]; AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0384, FA9550-09-1-0331, FA8650-07-D-5800]; AFRL; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in Korea; Wenzhou Medical College FX The authors thank our colleagues, including Wei Chen, Michael Durstock, Pinggang He, Mei Gao, Gordon Wallace, Hans Griesser, Chris Strauss, Shaoming Huang, Xiaoyin Hong, Albert Mau, Qiang Peng, Liangti Qu, Morley Stone, Tia Benson-Tolle, Richard Vaia, Zhenhai Xia, Yadong Yang, Yongyong Yang, and Zhonglin Wang for their contributions to the work cited. We are also grateful for financial support from the NSF (CMS-0609077, CTS0438389, CCF-0403130), MOST of P.R. China (2009DFB30380), R&D Project of Zhejiang Province of P.R. China (2009C13019), AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-0384, FA9550-09-1-0331, FA8650-07-D-5800), AFRL, WCU Project through UNIST from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in Korea, and Wenzhou Medical College. NR 275 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0927-796X EI 1879-212X J9 MAT SCI ENG R JI Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep. PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 70 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 63 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.mser.2010.06.003 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 700BC UT WOS:000285706100003 ER PT J AU Rabb, DJ Jameson, DF Stafford, JW Stokes, AJ AF Rabb, David J. Jameson, Douglas F. Stafford, Jason W. Stokes, Andrew J. TI Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LADAR AB Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis is a method in which multiple transmitters can be used to improve resolution and contrast of distributed aperture systems. Such a system utilizes multiple transmitter locations to interrogate a target from multiple look angles thus increasing the angular spectrum content captured by the receiver aperture array. Furthermore, such a system can improve the contrast of sparsely populated receiver arrays by capturing field data in the region between sub-apertures by utilizing multiple transmitter locations. This paper discusses the theory behind multi-transmitter aperture synthesis and provides experimental verification that imagery captured using multiple transmitters will provide increased resolution. C1 [Rabb, David J.; Jameson, Douglas F.; Stafford, Jason W.; Stokes, Andrew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rabb, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYJM B622,3109 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Rabb@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 24 BP 24937 EP 24945 DI 10.1364/OE.18.024937 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 698IF UT WOS:000285586800022 PM 21164838 ER PT J AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, Geoff TI Membrane photon sieve telescopes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB We present results of research into the design and construction of membrane photon sieves as primaries for next-generation lightweight space telescopes. We have created prototypes in electroformed nickel as well as diazo and CP-1 polymer films. In two such cases, diffraction-limited imaging performance was demonstrated over a narrow bandwidth. C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, HQ USAFA DFP, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM geoff.andersen@usafa.edu FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX We would like to acknowledge the support of this research by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR). NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 33 BP 6391 EP 6394 DI 10.1364/AO.49.006391 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 682JA UT WOS:000284396500003 PM 21102662 ER PT J AU Flusche, BM Gartley, MG Schott, JR AF Flusche, Brian M. Gartley, Michael G. Schott, John R. TI Assessing the impact of spectral and polarimetric data fusion via simulation to support multimodal sensor system design requirements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE multimodal fusion; simulation; polarimetric sensing; target detection AB A series of trade studies was carried out using the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model to assess how varying the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spectral ground sample distance (GSD), or target spectrum affected the impact of spectral and polarimetric data fusion via the spectral polarimetric integration (SPI) algorithm for a notional multimodal sensor. When varying the SNR, the impact depended on the constraints placed on the sensor's tasking. When spectral GSD was varied, the benefit of incorporating polarimetric information increased as the GSD increased. However, a threshold GSD was identified beyond which no benefit was observed. Reducing the target/background spectral contrast by changing the target spectrum from a red vehicle to a green vehicle produced variations in the impact due to fusion, although the SPI algorithm produced a general increase in performance in both cases. The trade studies demonstrated that incorporating additional polarimetric information may enable suitable performance with a less capable multispectral sensor. Finally, the SPI decision fusion algorithm was shown to be robust across a range of scenarios possibly encountered in the multimodal sensor design process. C1 [Flusche, Brian M.; Gartley, Michael G.; Schott, John R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Flusche, Brian M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Civilian Inst Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Flusche, BM (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM bxf6324@cis.rit.edu; gartley@cis.rit.edu; schott@cis.rit.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043562 DI 10.1117/1.3525590 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 704PU UT WOS:000286065700001 ER PT J AU Shellhamer, DF Davenport, KJ Hassler, DM Hickle, KR Thorpe, JJ Vandenbroek, DJ Heasley, VL Boatz, JA Reingold, AL Moor, CE AF Shellhamer, Dale F. Davenport, Kevyn J. Hassler, Danielle M. Hickle, Kelli R. Thorpe, Jacob J. Vandenbroek, David J. Heasley, Victor L. Boatz, Jerry A. Reingold, Arnold L. Moor, Curtis E. TI Reaction of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate with Fluorosubstituted Alkenes Evidence of a Concerted Pathway SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC REACTION COORDINATE; BETA-LACTAMS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULES; SOLVATION; CHEMISTRY; ENERGIES; OLEFINS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Concerted reactions are indicated for the electrophilic addition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate with monofluoroalkenes A vinyl fluorine atom on an alkene raises the energy of a stepwise transition state more than the energy of the competing concerted pathway This energy shift induces CSI to react with monofluoroalkenes by a one-step process The low reactivity of CSI with monofluoroalkenes, stereospecific reactions, the absence of 2 1 uracil products with neat fluoroalkenes, and quantum chemical calculations support a concerted pathway C1 [Shellhamer, Dale F.; Davenport, Kevyn J.; Hassler, Danielle M.; Hickle, Kelli R.; Thorpe, Jacob J.; Vandenbroek, David J.; Heasley, Victor L.] Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Reingold, Arnold L.; Moor, Curtis E.] Univ Calif, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shellhamer, DF (reprint author), Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. OI Moore, Curtis/0000-0002-3311-7155 FU National Science Foundation (NSF-RUI) [CHE-0640547]; Research Associates of PLNU (alumni support group); National Science Foundation (NSF MRI) [CHE-0417731] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF-RUI Grant No CHE-0640547) and Research Associates of PLNU (alumni support group) We would like to acknowledge our use of the 400 MHz NMR at the University of San Diego obtained by support from the National Science Foundation (NSF MRI Grant No CHE-0417731) We thank Dr Leroy Lafferty at San Diego State University for conducting the 1-dimensional ROESY experiments at 600 MHz NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 22 BP 7913 EP 7916 DI 10.1021/jo101240s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 678MO UT WOS:000284080300048 PM 20964338 ER PT J AU Dixon, DB Cain, SC AF Dixon, D. Brian Cain, Stephen C. TI Image recovery from polarimetric, nonimaged laser speckle SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE polarization; phase-retrieval; EM algorithm; image recovery; laser speckle; statistical optics ID BLIND DECONVOLUTION; SIMULATION; RECONSTRUCTORS; PATTERNS; FIELDS; NOISE AB The addition of polarization diversity for a non-imaging laser speckle system provides improvement for the phase retrieval problem. The polarization diversity of the remote scene provides additional information for successfully recovering a two-dimensional image from noisy autocorrelations obtained from laser speckle patterns or pupil plane images. The proposed system may be used to characterize space-borne objects and debris with an earth-based sensor array. We propose an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with a simple, statistical-based stopping criteria. Results from both simulation and laboratory experiment are presented. C1 [Dixon, D. Brian; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dixon, DB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.dixon@afit.ed; stephen.cain@afit.ed NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043558 DI 10.1117/1.3524542 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 704PY UT WOS:000286066100001 ER PT J AU Pierce, CJ Palazotto, AN Rosenberger, AH AF Pierce, Christian J. Palazotto, Anthony N. Rosenberger, Andrew H. TI Creep and fatigue interaction in the PWA1484 single crystal nickel-base alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Single crystal; Nickel-base superalloys; Creep; Fatigue; High temperature; PWA1484 ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; TEMPERATURE; SUPERALLOYS; CMSX-4 AB While methods for modeling creep behavior of single crystal turbine airfoils are generally well developed, constant load creep does not fully represent the loading conditions present in a jet engine due to cyclic loading caused by the mission profile and throttle movements. As the aerospace industry seeks to become more accurate in physics-based modeling of materials that are used in turbine blades, creep-fatigue interaction must be incorporated into characterization of turbine blade materials. PWA1484, a second generation single crystal nickel-base superalloy that is used for turbine blades in many of today's high performance jet engines was tested in a creep-fatigue environment that is meant to simulate some conditions of the service environment of a jet engine. This research explores the behavior and microstructural evolution of samples of PWA1484 tested in a creep-fatigue environment at 871 degrees C in air. It was found that specimens subjected to prior fatigue loading exhibit a smaller region of primary creep that is proportional to the number of prior fatigue cycles, and an accelerated transition to a tertiary creep regime. However, specimens that are subject to a static load and allowed to creep to 2.5% creep strain exhibited an un-affected fatigue behavior. Post-test microstructural analysis revealed a coarsening of the gamma prime (gamma') precipitates that was dependent on loading condition and time spent at elevated temperature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pierce, Christian J.; Rosenberger, Andrew H.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pierce, Christian J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pierce, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Christian.Pierce@af.mil FU Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXLMN, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. C.J. Pierce was partially supported by Dr. Tommy George of AFRL/RXTS, Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The authors would like to thank the editor and reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that contributed to the final version of this paper. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 29-30 BP 7484 EP 7489 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.08.033 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 676EJ UT WOS:000283892600004 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Tilton, ML Dente, GC Barresi, R Yang, C Ongstad, AP AF Kaspi, R. Tilton, M. L. Dente, G. C. Barresi, R. Yang, C. Ongstad, A. P. TI Intersubband photoluminescence in InAs quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We conduct a study of photoluminescence in a series of InAs quantum wells with asymmetric barriers that are designed to generate emission from intersubband transitions near 4 mu m wavelength. The results show that optical pumping of the barrier layers can be used to transfer carriers into the upper electron state in the InAs wells to produce photoluminescence. [doi:10.1063/1.3516041] C1 [Kaspi, R.; Tilton, M. L.; Dente, G. C.; Barresi, R.; Yang, C.; Ongstad, A. P.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RDLAS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RDLAS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM ron.kaspi@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for its support. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 20 AR 201104 DI 10.1063/1.3516041 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 684JC UT WOS:000284545200004 ER PT J AU Dragic, PD Ward, BG AF Dragic, Peter D. Ward, Benjamin G. TI Accurate Modeling of the Intrinsic Brillouin Linewidth via Finite-Element Analysis SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Brillouin scattering; finite-element methods; non-linearities; optical fibers ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; SILICA FIBER; GAIN AB We present a finite-element analysis of the Brillouin gain spectrum of a highly Ge-doped azimuthally symmetric nonuniform fiber treating the heterogeneous viscosity profile in detail. Measured Stokes' frequencies and spectral widths for the acoustic modes, and the peak Brillouin gain coefficient are found to be in excellent agreement with the model. An approximate expression for the Brillouin spectral width in azimuthally symmetric, nonuniform fibers is presented and verified for estimating this quantity using simplified boundary-value models. C1 [Dragic, Peter D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ward, Benjamin G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dragic, PD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM p-dragic@illinois.edu; Benjamin.Ward@usafa.edu FU Joint Technology Office (JTO) FX This work was supported by the Joint Technology Office (JTO) through their High Energy Laser Multidisciplinary Research Initiative (HEL-MRI) program. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 22 BP 1698 EP 1700 DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2081974 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 676UY UT WOS:000283945300006 ER PT J AU Louzguine-Luzgin, DV Miracle, DB Louzguina-Luzgina, L Inoue, A AF Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V. Miracle, Daniel B. Louzguina-Luzgina, Larissa Inoue, Akihisa TI Comparative analysis of glass-formation in binary, ternary, and multicomponent alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Flexible and Printed Electronics CY NOV 11-13, 2009 CL JEJU, SOUTH KOREA ID BULK-METALLIC GLASSES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; CU-ZR-TI; NI-NB-SN; EXCELLENT MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOFT-MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; HIGH THERMAL-STABILITY; MOLD CASTING METHOD; Y AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CA-MG-ZN AB In the present work we analyze the composition ranges over which bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are produced in ternary, quaternary, and quinary amorphous alloys. The maximum diameter of the sample over which an amorphous structure can be retained, referred to as the critical diameter, D-c, is consistently large over specific composition ranges. For ternary BMGs, these most stable glasses are centered around the compositions, in decreasing order of accompanying D-c: A(44)B(38)C(18), A(44)B(43)C(13), A(65)B(25)C(10), A(56)B(32)C(12), A(55)B(28)C(17), A(70)B(20)C(10), and A(65)B(20)C(15). As a general trend, the most stable glasses have the lowest concentrations of solvent atoms. Structural analysis using the efficient cluster packing model suggests that the best ternary glasses are near the isostructural composition, which represents the maximum degree of atomic confusion. Both D-c and Delta T-x=T-x -T-g, the difference between the crystallization and glass transition temperatures, are larger in quaternary and quinary systems relative to typical values for ternary BMGs. Glass-forming ability increases with complexity of the alloy, i.e., increasing number of alloying elements. The above results shed some light not only on compositional dependence of the formation of glassy phase but also its relation to the structure of the glasses. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506687] C1 [Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V.; Louzguina-Luzgina, Larissa; Inoue, Akihisa] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Louzguine-Luzgin, DV (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM dml@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp RI LOUZGUINE, Dmitri/D-2492-2010; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 OI LOUZGUINE, Dmitri/0000-0001-5716-4987; FU Air Force Office of Scientific (Tokyo Office) [FA23860914032]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [18070001] FX D.L and L.L. acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific (Tokyo Office, Dr. Jata Kumar, Program Manager) Contract No. FA23860914032 for funding this effort. This work was also supported in part by Grant in Aid "Priority Area on Science and Technology of Microwave Induced Thermally Non-Equilibrium Reaction Field" No. 18070001 from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. D.L. also thanks Alexei Vinogradov from Osaka City University for fruitful discussions. NR 227 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 10 AR 103511 DI 10.1063/1.3506687 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 690KZ UT WOS:000285005000051 ER PT J AU Arritt, B Adomanis, B Khraishi, T Smith, D AF Arritt, B. Adomanis, B. Khraishi, T. Smith, D. TI Parametric analysis of the strain-dependent behavior of a metamaterial electric resonator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we describe the strain-dependent behavior of an electric-LC (ELC) resonator unit cell, commonly used in metamaterial designs. We leverage analytic expression to understand the way strain manifests itself in a change in electromagnetic (EM) response. We verify the simplified physical models using full-wave simulations and generalize the trends to accommodate the strain profile for any arbitrary plane-stress loading scenario. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3507892] C1 [Arritt, B.; Adomanis, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Arritt, B.; Khraishi, T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Smith, D.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Arritt, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM brandon.arritt@kirtland.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to acknowledge financial and programmatic support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 19 AR 191907 DI 10.1063/1.3507892 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 679OE UT WOS:000284169900023 ER PT J AU Manurkar, P Ramezani-Darvish, S Nguyen, BM Razeghi, M Hubbs, J AF Manurkar, Paritosh Ramezani-Darvish, Shaban Nguyen, Binh-Minh Razeghi, Manijeh Hubbs, John TI High performance long wavelength infrared mega-pixel focal plane array based on type-II superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A large format 1k x 1k focal plane array (FPA) is realized using type-II superlattice photodiodes for long wavelength infrared detection. Material growth on a 3 in. GaSb substrate exhibits a 50% cutoff wavelength of 11 mu m across the entire wafer. The FPA shows excellent imaging. Noise equivalent temperature differences of 23.6 mK at 81 K and 22.5 mK at 68 K are achieved with an integration time of 0.13 ms, a 300 K background and f/4 optics. We report a dark current density of 3.3 x 10(-4) A cm(-2) and differential resistance-area product at zero bias R(0)A of 166 Omega cm(2) at 81 K, and 5.1 x 10(-5) A cm(-2) and 1286 Omega cm(2), respectively, at 68 K. The quantum efficiency obtained is 78%. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3514244] C1 [Manurkar, Paritosh; Ramezani-Darvish, Shaban; Nguyen, Binh-Minh; Razeghi, Manijeh] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hubbs, John] USAF, Res Lab, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manurkar, P (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@eecs.northwestern.edu RI Nguyen, Binh-Minh/B-6411-2011; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 FU U.S. Army Night Vision Laboratory; Missile Defense Agency FX This work is partially supported through the U.S. Army Night Vision Laboratory and the Missile Defense Agency. The authors would like to thank Dr. Meimei Tidrow (Army NVL) for her support, encouragement and scientific discussions; and Guanxi Chen and Anh Hoang Minh (both from Center for Quantum Devices) for technical support. NR 12 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 19 AR 193505 DI 10.1063/1.3514244 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 679OE UT WOS:000284169900078 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Kaspi, R Chavez, JR AF Ongstad, A. P. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Kaspi, R. Chavez, J. R. TI The antiguiding parameter in mid-infrared optically pumped semiconductor lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; GAIN; INDEX AB We describe measurements of the antiguiding parameter, alpha, for several optically pumped semiconductor lasers. Three laser structures were investigated; two of the lasers utilize W-quantum wells (QWs) in which 14 InAs/In(0.4) GaSb/InAs QWs are imbedded in lattice-matched In(0.25) GaAsSb layers. The emission wavelengths of the W lasers were similar to 3.5 and 4.5 mu m, respectively. The other laser, a double heterostructure (DH) design, contained a similar to 1.5 mu m InAsSb active region embedded in similar to 2.5 mu m thick AlAsSb clad regions. The emission wavelength of the DH was lambda similar to 3.8 mu m. We employed the Hakki-Paoli method [B. W. Hakki and T. L. Paoli, J. Appl. Phys., 44, 4113, (1973)] in conjunction with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to measure subthreshold gain and index variations as a function of pump intensity. To reduce errors associated with incoherent background emission a full spectral curve fit was used to determine the differential gain and index. The results reveal the antiguiding factor in the W lasers to be low with alpha similar to 1.0. The antiguiding factor for the DH was markedly larger with alpha = 9.4 +/- 1.3. We attribute the low alpha for the W lasers to the higher QW gain as well as to inhomogeneous broadening induced by the 14 QWs. The differing well widths and the independent optical pumping of the wells, leads to a net gain spectrum that is symmetrical about the gain peak. This symmetry, in turn, leads to small differential index shifts at the gain peak; the result of the small differential index and large differential gain is low antiguiding (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3509798] C1 [Ongstad, A. P.; Dente, G. C.; Tilton, M. L.; Kaspi, R.; Chavez, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 19 AR 191111 DI 10.1063/1.3509798 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 679OE UT WOS:000284169900011 ER PT J AU Henry, LJ Shay, TM Hult, DW Rowland, KB AF Henry, Leanne J. Shay, Thomas M. Hult, Dane W. Rowland, Ken B., Jr. TI Enhancement of output power from narrow linewidth amplifiers via two-tone effect - high power experimental results SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB Two-tone 1064 nm fiber amplifiers having both cold (16 degrees C) and pump induced temperature zones co-seeded with narrow linewidth 1064 nm and broad linewidth 1040 nm photons have been shown to have a power enhancement factor between 1.6 and 1.8 relative to the optimum single-tone 1064 nm amplifier while maintaining an efficiency of 65% or greater. The output power and efficiency of 1064 nm narrow linewidth two-tone amplifiers is dependent on the length of the gain fiber, the narrow to broad linewidth seed ratio, the wavelength of the broad linewidth seed and the temperature of the gain fiber. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Henry, Leanne J.; Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hult, Dane W.] TREX Enterprises Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Rowland, Ken B., Jr.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henry, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Leanne.Henry@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 23 BP 23939 EP 23947 DI 10.1364/OE.18.023939 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 676TG UT WOS:000283940900065 PM 21164740 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Hong, GY Johnson, GR Pachter, R Cheung, MS AF Wang, Qian Hong, Gongyi Johnson, Glenn R. Pachter, Ruth Cheung, Margaret S. TI Biophysical Properties of Membrane-Active Peptides Based on Micelle Modeling: A Case Study of Cell-Penetrating and Antimicrobial Peptides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SOLID-STATE NMR; LIPID-BILAYERS; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; ANTENNAPEDIA HOMEODOMAIN; STRUCTURE INDUCTION; SDS MICELLES; TAT PEPTIDE AB We investigated the molecular mechanisms of short peptides interacting with membrane-mimetic systems. Three short peptides were selected for this study: penetratin as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), and temporin A and KSL as antimicrobial peptides (AMP). We investigated the detailed interactions of the peptides with dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, and the subsequent peptide insertion based on free energy calculations by using all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with the united atom force field and explicit solvent models. First, we found that the free energy barrier to insertion for the three peptides is dependent on the chemical composition of the micelles. Because of the favorable electrostatic interactions between the peptides and the headgroups of lipids, the insertion barrier into an SDS micelle is less than a DPC micelle. Second, the peptides' secondary structures may play a key role in their binding and insertion ability, particularly for amphiphilic peptides such as penetratin and KSL. The secondary structures with a stronger ability to bind with and insert into micelles are the ones that account for a smaller surface area of hydrophobic core, thus offering a possible criterion for peptide design with specific functionalities. C1 [Wang, Qian; Cheung, Margaret S.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Hong, Gongyi; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Hong, Gongyi] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.] ARFL RX, Tyndall, FL USA. RP Cheung, MS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM mscheung@uh.edu FU Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH); Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Texas Learning and Computation Center [TLC2]; Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC); IBM Shared University Research (SUR) FX M.S.C. thanks the support partly from the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), UH Grants to Enhance and Advance Research (GEAR), and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. G.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Computations were partly supported by the Texas Learning and Computation Center (TLC2), Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), and 2010 IBM Shared University Research (SUR) Award on IBM's Power7 high performance cluster (BlueBioU) to Rice University as part of IBM's Smarter Planet Initiatives in Life Science/Healthcare and in collaboration with the Texas Medical Center partners, with additional contributions from IBM, CISCO, Qlogic, and Adaptive Computing. Q.W. thanks Dr. Alexander Mackerell for sharing the SIDS coordinate files and Dr. Hugh Nymeyer for the discussion on the interaction cutoffs in Gromacs. M.S.C. thanks Dr. Huey W. Huang for bringing penetratin to her attention. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 43 BP 13726 EP 13735 DI 10.1021/jp1069362 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 671PQ UT WOS:000283519600014 PM 20939546 ER PT J AU Badiru, AB AF Badiru, Adedeji B. TI THE MANY LANGUAGES OF SUSTAINABILITY IEs should push for better resource utilization across all fields SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Article C1 [Badiru, Adedeji B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 11 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA 797UE UT WOS:000293154800016 ER PT J AU Horton, NE AF Horton, Noel E. TI ARTICLE I, SECTION II: A POOR "PLAN B" FOR WASHINGTON'S RELIGIOUS PHARMACISTS SO WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STATE; SMITH AB In Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky,(1) a group of Washington pharmacists contended their religious beliefs precluded them from dispensing the drug Plan B, a post-coital emergency contraceptive. They based their argument on rights conferred by the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.(2) A United States District Court found in the pharmacists' favor and enjoined enforcement of rules issued by the Washington State Board of Pharmacy requiring pharmacies to deliver medications.(3) The Ninth Circuit reversed, finding that the district court erroneously applied a heightened level of scrutiny to a neutral law of general applicability.(4) Interestingly, the pharmacists did not bring a claim under the Washington State Constitution, a document that has been interpreted to confer greater protection for free exercise rights than the U.S. Constitution.(5) This Comment argues that even under the Washington State Constitution's heightened protection of free exercise, the pharmacists' position in Stormans would ultimately fail. The Board's rules protect public health and accommodate individual religious objections, thereby satisfying the Washington State Supreme Court's strict scrutiny test. C1 [Horton, Noel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Law, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Horton, Noel E.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Horton, NE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Law, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF LAW PI SEATTLE PA WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW 1100 NE CAMPUS PARKWAY 410 CONDON HALL, SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA SN 0043-0617 J9 WASH LAW REV JI Wash. Law Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 4 BP 739 EP 780 PG 42 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 711FU UT WOS:000286573300003 ER PT J AU Mejia-Ariza, JM Murphey, TW Dumm, HP AF Mejia-Ariza, Juan M. Murphey, Thomas W. Dumm, Hans-Peter TI Deployable Trusses Based on Large Rotation Flexure Hinges SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH AB Formulations for the strength, stiffness, mass efficiency, and packaging of deployable trusses using flexure hinges are developed and compared with the experiment within. The equations are based on classical buckling theory, Euler buckling with engineering approximations, and finite element-based models to predict the column and bending strengths of solid rod and tubular trusses with slender flexure hinges. Flexure hinge material performance metrics are derived and used to show that, while both mass efficient trusses of solid rods and trusses of tubes are feasible with existing materials, trusses of solid rods are significantly more strain limited. A representative high compaction ratio deployable truss with pultruded carbon fiber reinforced plastic rods and super elastic nickel-titanium alloy flexure hinges was fabricated and tested. The compressive strength of the truss was 48% less than predicted and the compressive stiffness of the truss was 12% less than predicted. C1 [Mejia-Ariza, Juan M.] LGarde Inc, Tustin, CA 92780 USA. [Murphey, Thomas W.; Dumm, Hans-Peter] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Mejia-Ariza, JM (reprint author), LGarde Inc, 15181 Woodlawn Ave, Tustin, CA 92780 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate; National Science Foundation [DGE-0114346] FX This work was funded by the Space Scholars Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate and a National Science Foundation IGERT fellowship, grant number DGE-0114346. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1062 DI 10.2514/1.48658 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 699KN UT WOS:000285662400023 ER PT J AU McQuilling, M Wolff, M Fonov, S Crafton, J Sondergaard, R AF McQuilling, Mark Wolff, Mitch Fonov, Sergey Crafton, Jim Sondergaard, Rolf TI Experimental Investigation of a High-Lift Low-Pressure Turbine Suction Surface SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This work employs a shear and stress sensitive film (S3F) to investigate the suction surface flow features associated with a higher-lift low-pressure turbine airfoil (L2F). Well-behaved higher-lift low-pressure turbine designs suffer from an inability to accurately predict the transition location above the suction surface, and the separation onset locations obtained with the S3F sensor herein allow the validation of the separated-flow transition model used in the L2F design cycle. Improvements to the S3F measurement technique are explained in this work, and results are compared over a range of Reynolds numbers at 3.3% freestream turbulence including skill friction measurements at the trailing edge of the airfoil. Results demonstrate an improvement to the S3F data reduction process by accounting for the tunnel and model vibration, which will allow a greater range of sensor application. C1 [McQuilling, Mark; Wolff, Mitch] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Fonov, Sergey; Crafton, Jim] Innovat Sci Solut, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Sondergaard, Rolf] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuilling, M (reprint author), St Louis Univ, 3450 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2465 EP 2471 DI 10.2514/1.37579 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 680RO UT WOS:000284252300001 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR Reed, HL Saric, WS AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. Reed, Helen L. Saric, William S. TI Direct Numerical Simulation of Discrete Roughness on a Swept-Wing Leading Edge SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 04-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA, Vinnova, Maritime Competence Ctr Lighthouse, Swedish Armed Forces, Swedish Def Mat Agcy, NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Dryden Flight Res Ctr ID CROSS-FLOW VORTICES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY-LAYERS; PARABOLIZED STABILITY EQUATIONS; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; DISTRIBUTED ROUGHNESS; TRANSITION; RECEPTIVITY; FLOWFIELDS; GROWTH AB Direct numerical simulation is employed in order to describe the subsonic flow past an array of micron-sized discrete roughness elements, which were mounted near the leading edge of a 30-degree swept wing at a chord Reynolds number of 7.4 x 10(6). The flow conditions correspond to flight receptivity experiments that were conducted to investigate the effects of roughness on crossflow instabilities. To make the computations tractable, the geometry is scaled by the radius of the wing leading edge, which magnifies the region of interest and enhances resolution. The leading-edge region is then approximated by the flow past an infinite parabolic cylinder. The numerical method is based upon a sixth-order-accurate time-implicit scheme to attain high fidelity and was used in conjunction with an eighth-order low-pass Pade-type nondispersive filter operator to maintain stability. A high-order overset-grid approach preserved spatial accuracy on a local mesh system representing the roughness elements, using domain decomposition to perform calculations on a parallel computing platform. The direct simulation for the flow about the roughness elements was used to capture crossflow vortices and served as input to the nonlinear parabolized stability equations, which were then solved in order to determine receptivity of the flow to the geometric perturbations. Three different geometric roughness elemental shapes were investigated in the study. For one shape, the effect of element height was examined. Features of the roughness-element flowfields are elucidated, and findings of the stability calculations are compared. Results are presented for receptivity of the crossflow instability to the size and shape of elements, as obtained by the direct numerical simulation and by two different stability approaches. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reed, Helen L.; Saric, William S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2660 EP 2673 DI 10.2514/1.J050548 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 680RO UT WOS:000284252300020 ER PT J AU Demidov, VI Adams, SF Blessington, J Koepke, ME Williamson, JM AF Demidov, V. I. Adams, S. F. Blessington, J. Koepke, M. E. Williamson, J. M. TI Short DC Discharge with Wall Probe as a Gas Analytical Detector SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Short dc discharge; electric wall probe; analytical gas detector ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; PLASMAS AB A new approach leading to the development of gas analytical detectors is reported. The approach is based on measurements in the near-cathode plasma of fine structures associated with atomic and molecular plasma processes of the high energy portion of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). A short (without positive column) dc discharge with cold cathode and conducting walls was used. The EEDF measurements in a dc discharge are technically simpler and have dramatically better sensitivity than in the afterglow since temporal resolution is not required. Additional increased probe sensitivity is achieved by using a large-area, larger-radius-of-curvature conducting wall as the probe instead of the more common thin cylindrical Langmuir probe. The wall probe, being almost flat, also greatly reduces the ion current contribution to the measurements. The new approach allows for the development of micro-analytical, dc plasma electron spectroscopy (PLES) gas detectors that are operational up to atmospheric pressure. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Demidov, V. I.; Blessington, J.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Williamson, J. M.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM vIdemidov@mail.wvu.edu RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 FU Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-SC0001939]; AFOSR FX Authors are grateful to I. Kaganovich, A. Kudryavtsev (who suggested using small wall probes for EEDF measurements) and Y. Raitses for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science Contract DE-SC0001939 and AFOSR. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 50 IS 9 SI SI BP 808 EP 813 DI 10.1002/ctpp.201010136 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 679BT UT WOS:000284135100004 ER PT J AU Singh, ARP Hwang, JY Scharf, TW Tiley, J Banerjee, R AF Singh, A. R. P. Hwang, J. Y. Scharf, T. W. Tiley, J. Banerjee, R. TI Bulk nickel-carbon nanotube nanocomposites by laser deposition SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metal-matrix nanocomposite; Carbon nanotube; Ni based composite; Laser deposition; Interface ID COMPOSITES; ALUMINUM; DAMAGE AB Nickel-carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites have been processed in a bulk form using a laser deposition technique, commercially known as the laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process. Mechanical milling of the powder feedstock consisting of nickel powders and CNTs before laser deposition has resulted in not only a more homogeneous distribution of the nanotubes in the nickel matrix, but also two distinct scales of reinforcements within the composite. The larger reinforcement scale consists of submicrometre to micrometre sized bundles of CNTs while the smaller scale consists of individual (or cluster of a few) CNTs within the nickel matrix. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that the nickel/CNT interface is well bonded without the presence of any significant interfacial reaction product. The degree of disorder and defects in the CNT bundles in the nickel matrix varied as a function of bundle size as revealed by Raman spectroscopy results. C1 [Singh, A. R. P.; Hwang, J. Y.; Scharf, T. W.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hwang, JY (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Junyeon.Hwang@unt.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-06-1-0193] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0193) for providing financial support for this study. The authors also acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas for access to the state-of-the-art characterisation and processing facilities used for this study, and Dr. Pranesh Awasth (University of Texas at Arlington) for using his Ball mill facility. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 EI 1743-2847 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1393 EP 1400 DI 10.1179/174328409X411899 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 680EQ UT WOS:000284215600022 ER PT J AU Peter, D Viswanathan, GB Dlouhy, A Eggeler, G AF Peter, D. Viswanathan, G. B. Dlouhy, A. Eggeler, G. TI Analysis of local microstructure after shear creep deformation of a fine-grained duplex gamma-TiAl alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Titanium aluminides; Shear creep deformation; Transmission electron microscopy; Dislocations; Twinning ID POLYSYNTHETICALLY TWINNED CRYSTALS; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; BASE INTERMETALLICS; LAMELLAR STRUCTURE; FAULT ENERGY; BEHAVIOR; SINGLE; NB AB The present work characterizes the microstructure of a hot-extruded Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.2B-0.2C (at.%) alloy with a fine-grained duplex microstructure after shear creep deformation (temperature 1023 K; shear stress 175 MPa; shear deformation 20%). Diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to identify ordinary dislocations, superdislocations and twins. The microstructure observed in TEM is interpreted taking into account the contribution of the applied stress and coherency stresses to the overall local stress state. Two specific locations in the lamellar part of the microstructure were analyzed, where either twins or superdislocations provided c-component deformation in the L1(0) lattice of the gamma phase. Lamellar gamma grains can be in soft and hard orientation; with respect to the resolved shear stress provided by the external load. The presence of twins can be rationalized by the superposition of the applied stress and local coherency stresses. The presence of superdislocations in hard gamma grains represents indirect evidence for additional contributions to the local stress state associated with stress redistribution during creep. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peter, D.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Eggeler, G.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mat, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Viswanathan, G. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dlouhy, A.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys Mat, Brno 61662, Czech Republic. RP Peter, D (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mat, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. EM dennis.peter@rub.de RI Dlouhy, Antonin/F-9721-2014; Eggeler, Gunther/R-9833-2016 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EG 101/20-1]; Interdisciplinary Centre of Advanced Materials Modelling (ICAMS) through the Advanced Study Group Input Data and Validation; Czech Science Foundation [106/07/0762] FX The authors acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through Project EG 101/20-1 and by the Interdisciplinary Centre of Advanced Materials Modelling (ICAMS) through the Advanced Study Group Input Data and Validation. A. Dlouhy acknowledges financial support from the Czech Science Foundation under Contract No. 106/07/0762. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 19 BP 6431 EP 6443 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.08.005 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 675EB UT WOS:000283807900023 ER PT J AU Haji-saeed, B Goodhue, WD Woods, CL Kierstead, J Khoury, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Goodhue, William D. Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Khoury, Jed TI Two-beam coupling dynamic range compression deconvolution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; PHASE-CODING TECHNIQUE; SIGNAL RECOVERY; NOISE-REDUCTION; GAAS CRYSTALS; FILTER AB In this paper, we demonstrate that our nonlinear dynamic range compression two-beam coupling deconvolution outperforms image restoration based on the well-established filters that have been used for the last 50 years, such as the Wiener filter and the inverse filter. In contrast to standard deconvolution approaches, for which noise can be a limiting factor in the performance, our approach allows the retrieval of distorted signals embedded in a very-high-noise environment. We analyzed the deconvolution orders for this device using a nonlinear transform method. Resolution gray-level recovery of blurred noisy images is demonstrated for several different types of image blur. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.; Khoury, Jed] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Goodhue, William D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kierstead, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Haji-saeed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Research Lab (AFRL); U.S. Air Force Office for Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) and was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office for Scientific Research (USAFOSR). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 31 BP 5964 EP 5976 DI 10.1364/AO.49.005964 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673IN UT WOS:000283653000025 ER PT J AU Meuler, AJ Smith, JD Varanasi, KK Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Meuler, Adam J. Smith, J. David Varanasi, Kripa K. Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Relationships between Water Wettability and Ice Adhesion SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE ice adhesion; icephobic; contact angle; hydrophobic; water wettability; fluoro POSS ID SOLID-SURFACES; CONTACT-ANGLE; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; REPELLENT COATINGS; ANTIICING COATINGS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; STRENGTH; POLYMERS AB Ice formation and accretion may hinder the operation of many systems critical to national infrastructure, including airplanes, power lines, windmills, ships, and telecommunications equipment. Yet despite the pervasiveness of the icing problem, the fundamentals of ice adhesion have received relatively little attention in the scientific literature and it is not widely understood which attributes must be tuned to systematically design "icephobic" surfaces that are resistant to icing. Here we probe the relationships between advancing/receding water contact angles and the strength of ice adhesion to bare steel and twenty-one different test coatings (similar to 200-300 nm thick) applied to the nominally smooth steel discs. Contact angles are measured using a commercially available goniometer, whereas the average strengths of ice adhesion are evaluated with a custom-built laboratory-scale adhesion apparatus. The coatings investigated comprise commercially available polymers and fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (fluorodecyl POSS), a low-surface-energy additive known to enhance liquid repellency. Ice adhesion strength correlates strongly with the practical work of adhesion required to remove a liquid water drop from each test surface (i.e., with the quantity [1 + cos theta(rec)]), and the average strength of ice adhesion was reduced by as much as a factor of 4.2 when bare steel discs were coated with fluorodecyl POSS-containing materials. We argue that any further appreciable reduction in ice adhesion strength will require textured surfaces, as no known materials exhibit receding water contact angles on smooth/flat surfaces that are significantly above those reported here (i.e., the values of [1 + cos theta(rec)] reported here have essentially reached a minimum for known materials). C1 [Smith, J. David; Varanasi, Kripa K.; McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meuler, Adam J.; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meuler, Adam J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Space & Missile Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP McKinley, GH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM recohen@mit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Chevron-MIT; National Research Council (NRC); MIT FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Chevron-MIT program. AJM acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC) for a Postdoctoral Fellowship and KKV acknowledges support from MIT Mechanical Engineering startup funds towards building the adhesion test apparatus. We thank Prof. Michael F. Rubner and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the use of various laboratory facilities, Prof. Lallit Anand for use of the Zygo interferometer, Thomas Ober for assistance with the interferometry measurements, and Wuisiew Tan for assistance with the AFM measurements. We acknowledge fruitful discussions with Prof. Ali S. Argon about adhesion and fracture mechanics, and thank Shreerang S. Chhatre and Dr. Wonjae Choi for helpful discussions about wetting and adhesion. NR 88 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 38 U2 233 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 3100 EP 3110 DI 10.1021/am1006035 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 683EL UT WOS:000284454400021 PM 20949900 ER PT J AU Tyner, SD Saunders, DL Yingyuen, K Chaichana, P Teja-Isavadharm, P Khemawoot, P Darapiseth, S Gosi, P Bethell, DB Se, Y Buathong, N Kuntawunginn, W Walsh, DS Socheat, D Lon, C Fukuda, MM AF Tyner, Stuart D. Saunders, David L. Yingyuen, Kritsanai Chaichana, Panjaporn Teja-isavadharm, Paktiya Khemawoot, Phisit Darapiseth, Sea Gosi, Panita Bethell, Delia B. Se, Youry Buathong, Nillawan Kuntawunginn, Worachet Walsh, Douglas S. Socheat, Duong Lon, Chanthap Fukuda, Mark M. TI A COMPARISON OF IN VITRO AND MOLECULAR MARKERS OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUG RESISTANCE IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN CAMBODIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Tyner, Stuart D.; Saunders, David L.; Yingyuen, Kritsanai; Chaichana, Panjaporn; Teja-isavadharm, Paktiya; Khemawoot, Phisit; Gosi, Panita; Bethell, Delia B.; Se, Youry; Buathong, Nillawan; Kuntawunginn, Worachet; Walsh, Douglas S.; Lon, Chanthap] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Darapiseth, Sea; Socheat, Duong] Natl Ctr Parasitol Entomol & Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Fukuda, Mark M.] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 1273 BP 379 EP 379 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701640 ER PT J AU Webber, CM Calabria, CW AF Webber, Christopher M. Calabria, Christopher W. TI Assessing the safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy dose adjustments SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; RISK-FACTORS AB Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy injections are often dose adjusted owing to late injections, for newly mixed vials after refills, or after systemic reactions (SRs) to reduce the subsequent SR risk. This practice is not strongly evidence based. Objectives: To analyze the safety of the Wilford Hall Medical Center dose-adjustment schedule. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of a standardized dose-adjustment schedule across 4 years and covering 12,895 injections was performed to analyze the SR rate immediately after dose adjustments for late reactions (1 dose for each week late starting after 2 weeks), for newly mixed vials (a 50% dose reduction), or after a SR (a 10-fold dilution). Results: Male patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; P < .005), pediatric patients (OR, 1.19; P < .01), and maintenance stage injections (OR, 2.14; P < .001) required more dose adjustments for late injections. Maintenance stage injections also experienced more dose adjustments for newly mixed vials (OR, 10.78; P < .001). Pediatric patients (OR, 2.15; P < .002) and buildup stage injections (OR, 2.38; P < .005) were associated with an increased SR frequency and, as a result, required more post-SR dose adjustments. In each scenario, following the dose-adjustment schedule included in this article did not cause an increase in subsequent SRs. Conclusions: Multiple unique characteristics were found to be associated with the requirement for subcutaneous immunotherapy dose adjustment, and this sample dose-adjustment protocol was not associated with an increased risk of a subsequent SR. The safety of this proposed dose-adjustment protocol should be confirmed in future prospective studies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105:369-375. C1 [Webber, Christopher M.; Calabria, Christopher W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Webber, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 59 MDOS SGO5A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.m.webber@gmail.com NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 105 IS 5 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.09.003 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701PO UT WOS:000285834000009 PM 21055663 ER PT J AU Xu, ZF Bunker, CE Harrington, PD AF Xu, Zhanfeng Bunker, Christopher E. Harrington, Peter de B. TI Classification of Jet Fuel Properties by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using Fuzzy Rule-Building Expert Systems and Support Vector Machines SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Jet fuel property characterization; Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR; Classification; Optimal partial least squares discriminant analysis; oPLS-DA; PLS; Fuzzy rule-building expert system; FuRES; Support vector machines; SVM; Bootstrapped Latin partition; BLP; Chemometrics ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; CROSS-VALIDATION; SPECTROMETRY; PREDICTION; GASOLINE; ADSORPTION; REGRESSION; SELECTION AB Monitoring the changes of jet fuel physical properties is important because fuel used in high-performance aircraft must meet rigorous specifications. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a fast method to characterize fuels. Because of the complexity of NIR spectral data, chemometric techniques are used to extract relevant information from spectral data to accurately classify physical properties of complex fuel samples. In this work, discrimination of fuel types and classification of flash point, freezing point, boiling point (10%, v/v), boiling point (50%, v/v), and boiling point (90%, v/v) of jet fuels (JP-5, JP-8, Jet A, and Jet A-1) were investigated. Each physical property was divided into three classes, low, medium, and high ranges, using two evaluations with different class boundary definitions. The class boundaries function as the threshold to alarm when the fuel properties change. Optimal partial least squares discriminant analysis (oPLS-DA), fuzzy rule-building expert system (FuRES), and support vector machines (SVM) were used to build the calibration models between the NIR spectra and classes of physical property of jet fuels. OPLS-DA, FuRES, and SVM were compared with respect to prediction accuracy. The validation of the calibration model was conducted by applying bootstrap Latin partition (BLP), which gives a measure of precision. Prediction accuracy of 97 +/- 2% of the flash point, 94 +/- 2% of freezing point, 99 +/- 1% of the boiling point (10%, v/v), 98 +/- 2% of the boiling point (50%, v/v), and 96 +/- 1% of the boiling point (90%, v/v) were obtained by FuRES in one boundaries definition. Both FuRES and SVM obtained statistically better prediction accuracy over those obtained by oPLS-DA. The results indicate that combined with chemometric classifiers NIR spectroscopy could be a fast method to monitor the changes of jet fuel physical properties. C1 [Xu, Zhanfeng; Harrington, Peter de B.] Ohio Univ, Dept Chem, Clippinger Labs, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Harrington, PD (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem, Clippinger Labs, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM peter.harrington@ohio.edu OI Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1366/000370210793335115 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 681FO UT WOS:000284297000009 PM 21073794 ER PT J AU Ma, L Li, XS Cai, WW Roy, S Gord, JR Sanders, ST AF Ma, Lin Li, Xuesong Cai, Weiwei Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Sanders, Scott T. TI Selection of Multiple Optimal Absorption Transitions for Nonuniform Temperature Sensing SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Absorption spectroscopy; Multispectral thermometry; Hyperspectral tomography; Nonuniform temperature sensing ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; COMBUSTION GASES; WATER-VAPOR; SENSOR; TOMOGRAPHY AB A crucial aspect in the design of sensors based on absorption spectroscopy involves selecting the optimal transitions. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to develop a method of selecting multiple optimal transitions for the measurement of nonuniform temperature distributions based on absorption spectroscopy. Previously developed methods are largely restricted to the relatively simple case of selecting two transitions for uniform distributions. Our new method addresses the restrictions of previous methods and is applicable to more general cases. The method was validated using both numerical tests and experimental results and is expected to be useful in the design of sensors based on multispectral absorption spectroscopy. C1 [Ma, Lin; Li, Xuesong; Cai, Weiwei] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM LinMa@clemson.edu RI Ma, Lin/A-9441-2012; Li, Xuesong/C-4844-2014; Li, Xuesong/I-5723-2016; cai, weiwei/Q-5932-2016 OI Li, Xuesong/0000-0003-3835-8000; cai, weiwei/0000-0003-3589-7500 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2946]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2946 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager). NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1274 EP 1282 DI 10.1366/000370210793335052 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 681FO UT WOS:000284297000012 PM 21073797 ER PT J AU Gratrix, M Hivnor, C AF Gratrix, Max Hivnor, Chad TI Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Hyperhidrosis in Patients With Prosthetic Limbs SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AMPUTEES C1 [Gratrix, Max; Hivnor, Chad] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Gratrix, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS SB05D Dermatol 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Max.Gratrix@Lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 146 IS 11 BP 1314 EP 1315 DI 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.326 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 680KD UT WOS:000284229900034 PM 21079082 ER PT J AU Nash, WP Vasterling, J Ewing-Cobbs, L Horn, S Gaskin, T Golden, J Riley, WT Bowles, SV Favret, J Lester, P Koffman, R Farnsworth, LC Baker, DG AF Nash, William P. Vasterling, Jennifer Ewing-Cobbs, Linda Horn, Sarah Gaskin, Thomas Golden, John Riley, William T. Bowles, Stephen V. Favret, James Lester, Patricia Koffman, Robert Farnsworth, Laura C. Baker, Dewleen G. TI Consensus Recommendations for Common Data Elements for Operational Stress Research and Surveillance: Report of a Federal Interagency Working Group SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Combat disorders; Military personnel; Preventive psychiatry; Rehabilitation; Research design; Stress; psychological ID MENTAL-HEALTH; POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH; MILITARY PERSONNEL; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; IRAQ-WAR; AFGHANISTAN; DISORDERS; INVENTORY; RESILIENCE; PREVENTION AB Empirical studies and surveillance projects increasingly assess and address potentially adverse psychological health outcomes from the stress of military operations, but no standards yet exist for common concept definitions, variable categories, and measures. This article reports the consensus recommendations of the federal interagency Operational Stress Working Group for common data elements to be used in future operational stress research and surveillance with the goal of improving comparability across studies. Operational stress encompasses more than just combat; it occurs everywhere service members and their families live and work. Posttraumatic stress is not the only adverse mental or behavioral health outcome of importance. The Operational Stress Working Group contends that a primary goal of operational stress research and surveillance is to promote prevention of adverse mental and behavioral outcomes, especially by recognizing the preclinical and subclinical states of distress and dysfunction that portend a risk for failure of role performance or future mental disorders. Recommendations for data elements are divided into 3 tiers: core, supplemental, and emerging, including variable domains and specific measures for assessing operational stressor exposures, stress outcomes, moderating factors, and mediating processes. Attention is drawn to the emerging construct of stress injury as a generic term for subclinical operational stress, and to emerging data elements addressing biological, psychological, and spiritual mediators of risk. Methodologies are needed for identifying preclinical and subclinical states of distress or dysfunction that are markers of risk for failure of role performance and future clinical mental disorders, so that targeted prevention interventions can be developed and evaluated. C1 [Nash, William P.; Horn, Sarah; Golden, John] Def Ctr Excellence Psychol Hlth & Traumat Brain I, Vet Adm, Arlington, VA USA. [Nash, William P.; Baker, Dewleen G.] Vet Adm San Diego Healthcare Syst, Ctr Excellence Stress & Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. [Vasterling, Jennifer] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. [Vasterling, Jennifer] Natl Ctr PTSD, Boston, MA USA. [Ewing-Cobbs, Linda] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Ewing-Cobbs, Linda] Childrens Learning Inst, Dan L Duncan Neurodev Clin, Houston, TX USA. [Nash, William P.; Baker, Dewleen G.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Gaskin, Thomas] Marine Corps, Headquarters, Combat & Operat Stress Control, Quantico, VA USA. [Riley, William T.] NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bowles, Stephen V.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Favret, James] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Lester, Patricia] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosc & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Koffman, Robert] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Farnsworth, Laura C.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Nash, WP (reprint author), POB 10920, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM william.nash@opstress.net NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1673 EP 1683 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.035 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 681UQ UT WOS:000284346400007 PM 21044711 ER PT J AU Propper, BW Lundy, JB Tyner, RP Rasmussen, TE AF Propper, Brandon W. Lundy, Jonathan B. Tyner, Ryan P. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Image of the Month Giant Hepatic Abscess SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Propper, Brandon W.; Lundy, Jonathan B.; Tyner, Ryan P.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Propper, BW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bpropper@me.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 145 IS 11 BP 1125 EP 1126 DI 10.1001/archsurg.2010.244-a PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 680KK UT WOS:000284230600029 PM 21079104 ER PT J AU Carry, B Kaasalainen, M Leyrat, C Merline, WJ Drummond, JD Conrad, A Weaver, HA Tamblyn, PM Chapman, CR Dumas, C Colas, F Christou, JC Dotto, E Perna, D Fornasier, S Bernasconi, L Behrend, R Vachier, F Kryszczynska, A Polinska, M Fulchignoni, M Roy, R Naves, R Poncy, R Wiggins, P AF Carry, B. Kaasalainen, M. Leyrat, C. Merline, W. J. Drummond, J. D. Conrad, A. Weaver, H. A. Tamblyn, P. M. Chapman, C. R. Dumas, C. Colas, F. Christou, J. C. Dotto, E. Perna, D. Fornasier, S. Bernasconi, L. Behrend, R. Vachier, F. Kryszczynska, A. Polinska, M. Fulchignoni, M. Roy, R. Naves, R. Poncy, R. Wiggins, P. TI Physical properties of the ESA Rosetta target asteroid (21) Lutetia II. Shape and flyby geometry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: individual: (21) Lutetia; methods: observational; techniques: high angular resolution; instrumentation: adaptive optics ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL PROPERTIES; LIGHTCURVE INVERSION; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MINOR PLANETS; MISSION; 21-LUTETIA; OBJECTS AB Aims. We determine the physical properties (spin state and shape) of asteroid (21) Lutetia, target of the International Rosetta Mission of the European Space Agency, to help in preparing for observations during the flyby on 2010 July 10 by predicting the orientation of Lutetia as seen from Rosetta. Methods. We use our novel KOALA inversion algorithm to determine the physical properties of asteroids from a combination of optical lightcurves, disk-resolved images, and stellar occultations, although the last are not available for (21) Lutetia. Results. We find the spin axis of (21) Lutetia to lie within 5 degrees of (lambda = 52 degrees, beta = -6 degrees) in the Ecliptic J2000 reference frame (equatorial alpha = 52 degrees, delta = +12 degrees), and determine an improved sidereal period of 8.168 270 +/- 0.000 001 h. This pole solution implies that the southern hemisphere of Lutetia will be in "seasonal" shadow at the time of the flyby. The apparent cross-section of Lutetia is triangular when seen "pole-on" and more rectangular "equator-on". The best-fit model suggests there are several concavities. The largest of these is close to the north pole and may be associated with strong impacts. C1 [Carry, B.; Leyrat, C.; Perna, D.; Fornasier, S.; Fulchignoni, M.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Carry, B.; Fornasier, S.; Fulchignoni, M.] Univ Paris 07, F-75205 Paris, France. [Kaasalainen, M.] Tampere Univ Technol, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Merline, W. J.; Tamblyn, P. M.; Chapman, C. R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Drummond, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Conrad, A.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Weaver, H. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Dumas, C.] European So Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Colas, F.; Vachier, F.] Observ Paris, IMCCE, F-75014 Paris, France. [Christou, J. C.] No Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dotto, E.; Perna, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Perna, D.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bernasconi, L.] Les Engarouines Observ, F-84570 Mallemort Du Comtat, France. [Behrend, R.] Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Kryszczynska, A.; Polinska, M.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Astron Observ, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. [Roy, R.] Blauvac Observ, F-84570 St Esteve, France. [Naves, R.] Observ Montcabre, Barcelona 08348, Spain. [Poncy, R.] Le Cres Observ, F-34920 Le Cres, France. RP Carry, B (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM benoit.carry@obspm.fr RI Kaasalainen, Mikko/G-4236-2014; Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016; OI Dotto, Elisabetta/0000-0002-9335-1656 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA; NSF FX Based on observations collected at the W. M. Keck Observatory and at European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (program ID:079.C-0493, PI: E. Dotto). The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.; This research has made use of IMCCE's Miriade VO tool and NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This work was supported, in part, by the NASA Planetary Astronomy and NSF Planetary Astronomy Programs (Merline PI). We are grateful for telescope time made available to us by S. Kulkarni and M. Busch (Caltech) for a portion of this dataset. We also thank our collaborators on Team Keck, the Keck science staff, for making possible some of these observations, and for observing time granted at Gemini Observatory under NOAO time allocation, as part of our overall Lutetia campaign. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 523 AR A94 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015074 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695BW UT WOS:000285346600097 ER PT J AU Drummond, JD Conrad, A Merline, WJ Carry, B Chapman, CR Weaver, HA Tamblyn, PM Christou, JC Dumas, C AF Drummond, J. D. Conrad, A. Merline, W. J. Carry, B. Chapman, C. R. Weaver, H. A. Tamblyn, P. M. Christou, J. C. Dumas, C. TI Physical properties of the ESA Rosetta target asteroid (21) Lutetia I. The triaxial ellipsoid dimensions, rotational pole, and bulk density SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE minor planets; asteroids: individual: (21) Lutecia; methods: observational; techniques: high angular resolution; instrumentation: adaptive optics ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; FLY-BY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PARENT BODIES; MISSION; SURFACE; 21-LUTETIA; 2867-STEINS AB Context. Asteroid (21) Lutetia was the target of the ESA Rosetta mission flyby in 2010 July. Aims. We seek the best size estimates of the asteroid, the direction of its spin axis, and its bulk density, assuming its shape is well described by a smooth featureless triaxial ellipsoid. We also aim to evaluate the deviations from this assumption. Methods. We derive these quantities from the outlines of the asteroid in 307 images of its resolved apparent disk obtained with adaptive optics (AO) at Keck II and VLT, and combine these with recent mass determinations to estimate a bulk density. Results. Our best triaxial ellipsoid diameters for Lutetia, based on our AO images alone, are a x b x c = 132 x 101 x 93 km, with uncertainties of 4 x 3 x 13 km including estimated systematics, with a rotational pole within 5 degrees of ECJ2000 [lambda beta] = [45 degrees - 7 degrees], or EQJ2000 [RA Dec] = [44 degrees + 9 degrees]. The AO model fit itself has internal precisions of 1 x 1 x 8 km, but it is evident both from this model derived from limited viewing aspects and the radius vector model given in a companion paper, that Lutetia significantly departs from an idealized ellipsoid. In particular, the long axis may be overestimated from the AO images alone by about 10 km. Therefore, we combine the best aspects of the radius vector and ellipsoid model into a hybrid ellipsoid model, as our final result, of diameters 124 +/- 5 x 101 +/- 4 x 93 +/- 13 km that can be used to estimate volumes, sizes, and projected areas. The adopted pole position is within 5 degrees of [lambda beta] = [52 degrees - 6 degrees] or [RA Dec] = [52 degrees + 12 degrees]. Conclusions. Using two separately determined masses and the volume of our hybrid model, we estimate a density of 3.5 +/- 1.1 or 4.3 +/- 0.8 g cm(-3). From the density evidence alone, we argue that this favors an enstatite-chondrite composition, although other compositions are formally allowed at the extremes (low-porosity CV/CO carbonaceous chondrite or high-porosity metallic). We discuss this in the context of other evidence. C1 [Drummond, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Conrad, A.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Merline, W. J.; Chapman, C. R.; Tamblyn, P. M.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Carry, B.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Carry, B.] Univ Paris 07, F-75205 Paris, France. [Weaver, H. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Christou, J. C.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dumas, C.] ESO, Santiago, Chile. RP Drummond, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, 3550 Aberdeen Av SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM benoit.carry@obspm.fr RI Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA; NSF FX Based on observations collected at the W. M. Keck Observatory and the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (program ID: 079.C-0493, PI: E. Dotto). The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.; We thank E. Dotto, D. Perna, and S. Fornasier for obtaining and sharing their VLT data, and for spirited discussions concerning Lutetia's taxonomy, which we feel materially improved the content of this paper. This study was supported, in part, by the NASA Planetary Astronomy and NSF Planetary Astronomy Programs (Merline PI), and used the services provided by the JPL/NASA Horizons web site, as well as NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We are grateful for telescope time made available to us by S. Kulkarni and M. Busch (Caltech) for a portion of this dataset. We also thank our collaborators on Team Keck, the Keck science staff, for making possible some of these observations. In addition, the authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 523 AR A93 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015075 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695BW UT WOS:000285346600096 ER PT J AU Balasubramaniam, KS Cliver, EW Pevtsov, A Temmer, M Henry, TW Hudson, HS Imada, S Ling, AG Moore, RL Muhr, N Neidig, DF Petrie, GJD Veronig, AM Vrsnak, B White, SM AF Balasubramaniam, K. S. Cliver, E. W. Pevtsov, A. Temmer, M. Henry, T. W. Hudson, H. S. Imada, S. Ling, A. G. Moore, R. L. Muhr, N. Neidig, D. F. Petrie, G. J. D. Veronig, A. M. Vrsnak, B. White, S. M. TI ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR MORETON WAVE OF 2006 DECEMBER 6 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; WIND SPACECRAFT DATA; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET WAVE; ENERGETIC PROTON EVENTS; GOPALSWAMY,N. ET-AL; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; LARGE-SCALE WAVES; II RADIO-BURSTS; EIT WAVES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS AB We analyzed ground- and space-based observations of the eruptive flare (3B/X6.5) and associated Moreton wave (similar to 850 km s(-1); similar to 270 degrees azimuthal span) of 2006 December 6 to determine the wave driver-either flare pressure pulse (blast) or coronal mass ejection (CME). Kinematic analysis favors a CME driver of the wave, despite key gaps in coronal data. The CME scenario has a less constrained/smoother velocity versus time profile than is the case for the flare hypothesis and requires an acceleration rate more in accord with observations. The CME picture is based, in part, on the assumption that a strong and impulsive magnetic field change observed by a GONG magnetograph during the rapid rise phase of the flare corresponds to the main acceleration phase of the CME. The Moreton wave evolution tracks the inferred eruption of an extended coronal arcade, overlying a region of weak magnetic field to the west of the principal flare in NOAA active region 10930. Observations of H alpha foot point brightenings, disturbance contours in off-band H alpha images, and He I 10830 angstrom flare ribbons trace the eruption from 18:42 to 18:44 UT as it progressed southwest along the arcade. Hinode EIS observations show strong blueshifts at foot points of this arcade during the post-eruption phase, indicating mass outflow. At 18:45 UT, the Moreton wave exhibited two separate arcs (one off each flank of the tip of the arcade) that merged and coalesced by 18:47 UT to form a single smooth wave front, having its maximum amplitude in the southwest direction. We suggest that the erupting arcade (i.e., CME) expanded laterally to drive a coronal shock responsible for the Moreton wave. We attribute a darkening in H alpha from a region underlying the arcade to absorption by faint unresolved post-eruption loops. C1 [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Pevtsov, A.; Henry, T. W.; Neidig, D. F.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Temmer, M.; Muhr, N.; Veronig, A. M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, IGAM Kanzelhohe Observ, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Imada, S.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Moore, R. L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Petrie, G. J. D.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Vrsnak, B.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [White, S. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Balasubramaniam, KS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RI Veronig, Astrid/B-8422-2009; OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558 FU AFOSR [2301RDA1]; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz [APART11262]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20867-N16]; AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036]; European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 218816]; National Science Foundation FX K.S.B., E.W.C., A.P., T.W.H., H.S.H., R.L.M., and B.V. acknowledge support from AFOSR Task 2301RDA1. M.T. is a recipient of an APART-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz (APART11262). N.M. and A.M.V. acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [P20867-N16]. A.G.L. acknowledges support from AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. B.V. acknowledges funding from European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 218816. The National Solar Observatory (NSO) is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. This work utilizes data obtained by the GONG program, managed by NSO. The data were acquired by instruments operated by Big Bear Solar Observatory, High Altitude Observatory, Learmonth Solar Observatory, Udaipur Solar Observatory, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. We thank the SOHO, LASCO, and TRACE, and Waves teams for their open data policy. NR 135 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 587 EP 601 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/587 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100051 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Ivan, DJ Rubin, RM Gooch, JM Tredici, TJ Reilly, CD AF Davis, Ryan E. Ivan, Douglas J. Rubin, Richard M. Gooch, John M. Tredici, Thomas J. Reilly, Charles D. TI Permanent Grounding of a USAF Pilot Following Photorefractive Keratectomy SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE photorefractive keratectomy; refractive surgery; non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; NA-AION ID ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY; GLAUCOMA; RISK AB DAVIS RE, IVAN DJ, ROBIN RM, GOOCH JM, TREDICI TJ, REILLY CD. Permanent grounding of a USAF pilot following photorefractive keratectomy. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:1041-4. Introduction: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) has been extensively studied in the literature and its potential application in aircrew has not gone unnoticed. Complication rates following corneal refractive surgery (CRS), including PRK and laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK), remain low, with most patients achieving improved uncorrected visual acuity and reduced spectacle dependence. Overall, predictability, low complication rates, high rate of success, stability, and safety have all been cited as instrumental in the adoption of PRK in aviators. Consequently, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) approved PRK for aviators in August 2000. However, quality of vision outcomes following CRS remain a concern given the unique visual performance requirements in military aircrew, especially in austere operational environments. Case Report: This paper will present a recent case of steroid-induced ocular hypertension that is believed to have precipitated non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) associated with reduced visual performance following PRK that resulted in the first permanent grounding of a USAF pilot following CRS. Discussion: CRS has radically widened the aircrew applicant pool and has decreased spectacle dependence in war-fighters. Despite the low-risk profile of modern CRS, this case demonstrates the potential for poor outcomes from such elective surgery. Understanding these rare, but potentially devastating complications and the unique aeromedical risk factors in aircrew is paramount when considering elective vision-enhancing surgery. C1 [Davis, Ryan E.; Ivan, Douglas J.; Rubin, Richard M.; Gooch, John M.; Tredici, Thomas J.; Reilly, Charles D.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM douglas.ivan.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1041 EP 1044 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2857.2010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 670FB UT WOS:000283405500011 PM 21043303 ER PT J AU Ibey, BL Pakhomov, AG Gregory, BW Khorokhorina, VA Roth, CC Rassokhin, MA Bernhard, JA Wilmink, GJ Pakhomova, ON AF Ibey, Bennett L. Pakhomov, Andrei G. Gregory, Betsy W. Khorokhorina, Vera A. Roth, Caleb C. Rassokhin, Mikhail A. Bernhard, Joshua A. Wilmink, Gerald J. Pakhomova, Olga N. TI Selective cytotoxicity of intense nanosecond-duration electric pulses in mammalian cells SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE Nanosecond pulses; Electroporation; Cell death; Dose effect; Pulsed electric field; Nanoelectroporation; Nanopores; Membrane permeabilization ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION; ATP DEPLETION; GENE ELECTROTRANSFER; INDUCE APOPTOSIS; FIELD NSPEF; IN-VITRO; TUMOR; ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY; INACTIVATION AB Background: Nanosecond electric pulses (EP) disrupt cell membrane and organelles and cause cell death in a manner different from the conventional irreversible electroporation. We explored the cytotoxic effect of Ions EP (quantitation, mechanisms, efficiency, and specificity) in comparison with 300-ns, 1.8- and 9-mu s EP. Methods: Effects in Jurkat and 0937 cells were characterized by survival assays. DNA electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Results: 10-ns EP caused apoptotic or necrotic death within 2-20 h. Survival (S, %) followed the absorbed dose (D, J/g) as: S=alpha D((-K)), where coefficients K and a determined the slope and the "shoulder" of the survival curve. K was similar in all groups, whereas a was cell type- and pulse duration-dependent. Long pulses caused immediate propidium uptake and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, whereas 10-ns pulses caused PS externalization only. Conclusions: 1.8- and 9-mu s EP cause cell death efficiently and indiscriminately (LD(50) 1-3 J/g in both cell lines); 10-ns EP are less efficient, but very selective (LD(50) 50-80 J/g for Jurkat and 400-500 J/g for U937); 300-ns EP show intermediate effects. Shorter EP open propidium-impermeable, small membrane pores ("nanopores"), triggering different cell death mechanisms. General significance: Nanosecond EP can selectively target certain cells in medical applications like tumor ablation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Bernhard, Joshua A.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Performance Wing 711, Res Lab,Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pakhomov, Andrei G.; Gregory, Betsy W.; Khorokhorina, Vera A.; Rassokhin, Mikhail A.; Pakhomova, Olga N.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Pakhomova, ON (reprint author), 4211 Monarch Way,Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM olga@pakhomova.net FU National Cancer Institute [R01CAl25482]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM088303]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; HQAF FX The authors thank Mr. Kerfoot Walker III for his contribution to cell survival experiments, Dr. J. Kolb and Mr. John Ashmore for design and assembly of the 10-ns pulser control system. The study was supported in part by R01CAl25482 from the National Cancer Institute and R01GM088303 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (AGP); by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and by HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation Program (BLI). NR 59 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1800 IS 11 BP 1210 EP 1219 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.07.008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 656QC UT WOS:000282350500007 PM 20691249 ER PT J AU Rao, R Eyink, KG Maruyama, B AF Rao, Rahul Eyink, Kurt G. Maruyama, Benji TI Single-walled carbon nanotube growth from liquid gallium and indium SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; SCALE AB We present the first demonstration of single-walled carbon nanotube growth from liquid gallium and indium catalysts. The nanotubes were grown via thermal chemical vapor deposition from 1 to 3 nm films of gallium and indium, which dissociate into liquid droplets on silicon substrates at high temperatures. The nanotubes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy and are found to have diameters between 1 and 2 nm. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Eyink, Kurt G.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benji.Maruyama@wpafb.af.mil RI Rao, Rahul/F-6985-2010; Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 OI Rao, Rahul/0000-0002-6415-0185; FU National Research Council; AFOSR FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship and funding from AFOSR. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 13 BP 3971 EP 3973 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.065 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 642FV UT WOS:000281190800039 ER PT J AU Wilmink, GJ Roth, CL Ibey, BL Ketchum, N Bernhard, J Cerna, CZ Roach, WP AF Wilmink, Gerald J. Roth, Caleb L. Ibey, Bennett L. Ketchum, Norma Bernhard, Joshua Cerna, Cesario Z. Roach, William P. TI Identification of microRNAs associated with hyperthermia-induced cellular stress response SO CELL STRESS & CHAPERONES LA English DT Article DE MicroRNA; Cellular stress response; Thermal stress; Hyperthermia; Thermally regulated microRNAs (TRMs) ID HEAT-SHOCK GENES; MESSENGER-RNA; HUMAN-CELLS; C-ELEGANS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; DOWN-REGULATION; LET-7 MICRORNA; EXPRESSION; TARGETS; PROTEIN AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that play a critical role in the coordination of fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs participate in the cellular stress response (CSR), but their specific involvement remains unclear. In this study, we identify a group of thermally regulated miRNAs (TRMs) that are associated with the CSR. Using miRNA microarrays, we show that dermal fibroblasts differentially express 123 miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia. Interestingly, only 27 of these miRNAs are annotated in the current Sanger registry. We validated the expression of the annotated miRNAs using qPCR techniques, and we found that the qPCR and microarray data was in well agreement. Computational target-prediction studies revealed that putative targets for the TRMs are heat shock proteins and Argonaute-2-the core functional unit of RNA silencing. These results indicate that cells express a specific group of miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia, and these miRNAs may function in the regulation of the CSR. Future studies will be conducted to determine if other cells lines differentially express these miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia. C1 [Wilmink, Gerald J.; Roth, Caleb L.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Ketchum, Norma; Bernhard, Joshua; Roach, William P.] USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78258 USA. [Roth, Caleb L.] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Wilmink, Gerald J.] Natl Acad Sci, NRC Res Associate Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cerna, Cesario Z.] Conceptual Mindworks Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wilmink, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, 711 Human Performance Wing,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78258 USA. EM gerald.wilmink@brooks.af.mil FU HQAF SGRS FX We wish to thank the National Academy of Sciences NRC for providing Dr. Wilmink with a research associateship at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was supported by grants provided by HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation program: "Neurological Impacts of Nanosecond Electric Pulse Exposure" and "Determination of Cellular Bioeffect Thresholds for Terahertz Frequencies." A special thank-you is also extended to Dr. Susan Opalenik, my eternal lily pad, and Mr. Luisiana X. Cundin. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1355-8145 EI 1466-1268 J9 CELL STRESS CHAPERON JI Cell Stress Chaperones PD NOV PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1038 DI 10.1007/s12192-010-0189-7 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 664OH UT WOS:000282971000026 PM 20352393 ER PT J AU Derdak, S Cannon, JW AF Derdak, Stephen Cannon, Jeremy W. TI 'Rescue oxygenation therapies' for severe pH1N1-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE H1N1; influenza; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV); acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); rescue therapy ID EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; 2009 INFLUENZA A(H1N1); ACUTE LUNG INJURY; VENTILATION C1 [Derdak, Stephen] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Cannon, Jeremy W.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Derdak, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2257 EP 2258 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181f848e1 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 667YW UT WOS:000283235400026 PM 20959754 ER PT J AU Timko, MT Yu, Z Onasch, TB Wong, HW Miake-Lye, RC Beyersdorf, AJ Anderson, BE Thornhill, KL Winstead, EL Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Klingshirn, CD Wey, C Tacina, K Liscinsky, DS Howard, R Bhargava, A AF Timko, M. T. Yu, Z. Onasch, T. B. Wong, H-W Miake-Lye, R. C. Beyersdorf, A. J. Anderson, B. E. Thornhill, K. L. Winstead, E. L. Corporan, E. DeWitt, M. J. Klingshirn, C. D. Wey, C. Tacina, K. Liscinsky, D. S. Howard, R. Bhargava, A. TI Particulate Emissions of Gas Turbine Engine Combustion of a Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT ENGINE; GENERATING PARTICLE BEAMS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; COMBINED MOBILITY; DIESEL-ENGINE AB We have performed a comprehensive test of the effects of alternative fuels on the trace gas, nonvolatile particulate material (PM), and volatile PM emissions performance of a PW308 aircraft engine The tests evaluated standard JP-8 Jet fuel, a 'zero sulfur and 'zero aromatic' synthetic fuel produced from a natural gas feedstock using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, and a 50/50 blend of the FT fuel and JP-8 A Pratt & Whitney PW308 engine was operated under the same thrust and combustion conditions to ensure that the tests captured fuel differences, rather than engine operation differences Emissions of trace gases, soot particles, and nucleation/growth PM were directly impacted by the sulfur and aromatic content of the fuel FT fuel combustion greatly reduced SO(2) (> 90%), gaseous hydrocarbons (40%) and NO (6-11%) content compared to JP 8 combustion In general, combustion of the JP-8/FT fuel blend resulted in emissions intermediate to the FT and JP-8 values FT combustion dramatically reduces soot particle number, mass, and size relative to JP-8, but increases effective soot particle density In all cases, the drag behavior of the soot particles indicates deviations from spherical shape and effective soot particle densities are consistent with the soot particles being aggregates of primary spherules As expected, FT combustion plumes support negligible formation of nucleation/growth mode particles (the number of nucleation growth mode particles is <20% the number of soot particles compared to > 500% for sulfur containing JP-8) However, particle nucleation/growth for blended fuel combustion is enhanced relative to JP 8, despite the lower sulfur content of the FT/JP-8 fuel blend A computational model explains the unexpected particle formation result primarily as the effect of much lower soot emissions present in blended fuel combustion exhaust compared to JP-8 Fuel composition, specifically aromatic and sulfur content, affect all aspects of emissions performance and the effect of simultaneously reducing aromatic and sulfur content can lead to surprising behavior C1 [Bhargava, A.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Timko, M. T.; Yu, Z.; Onasch, T. B.; Wong, H-W; Miake-Lye, R. C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Beyersdorf, A. J.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Corporan, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [DeWitt, M. J.; Klingshirn, C. D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Wey, C.] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Tacina, K.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Liscinsky, D. S.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Howard, R.] AEDC ATA, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Bhargava, A (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RI Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013 FU NASA [NNC07CB57C, NNC07CB58C]; U S Air Force [F33615 03 D-2354] FX The U S Air Force sponsored this measurement effort (F33615 03 D-2354) The entire measurement team thanks the Pratt & Whitney test stand crew for use of engine facilities and kind support during the emissions tests Aerodyne personnel thank NASA (NRA grants NNC07CB57C and #NNC07CB58C) for supporting their involvement in this measurement and analysis activity Scott Herndon and Ezra Wood (Aerodyne) offered helpful advice before and during the engine tests, during data analysis and throughout the manuscript preparation process Charlie Hudgins (NASA Langley Research Center), Dan Bulzan (NASA Glenn Research Center) John Jayne (Aerodyne) Joel Kimmel (Aerodyne) and Bill Brooks (Aerodyne) assisted during instrument preparation activities and provided logistical support during field measurement activities NR 70 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5883 EP 5896 DI 10.1021/ef100727t PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 694AE UT WOS:000285265800009 ER PT J AU Shewale, SV Horenziak, M Izu, B Lucot, J Anstadt, M Morris, M AF Shewale, Swapnil V. Horenziak, Michael Izu, Brent Lucot, James Anstadt, Mark Morris, Mariana TI Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Nerve Agent Sarin Treated Mice SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on High Blood Pressure Research CY OCT 13-16, 2010 CL Washington, DC C1 [Shewale, Swapnil V.; Izu, Brent; Lucot, James; Anstadt, Mark; Morris, Mariana] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Horenziak, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD NOV PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 BP E81 EP E81 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 668AI UT WOS:000283240400136 ER PT J AU Kennelly, EJ Price, SD Kraemer, KE Aschbrenner, R AF Kennelly, Edward J. Price, Stephan D. Kraemer, Kathleen E. Aschbrenner, Ryan TI Calibration against the Moon I: A disk-resolved lunar model for absolute reflectance calibration SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon, Surface ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; COHERENT BACKSCATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIANCE; CLEMENTINE; TOPOGRAPHY; SCATTERING AB We present a model of the absolute radiance of the disk-resolved Moon at visible to near infrared wavelengths. It has been developed in order to use the Moon as a calibration reference, particularly by space-based sensors observing the Earth. We begin with the development of Hillier et al. (Hillier, J., Buratti, B., Hill, K. [1999]. Icarus 141, 205-225) for the reflectance as a function of phase angle and base the lunar reflectance on the Clementine 0.750 mu m basemap. We adopt Hapke's (Hapke, B. [2002]. Icarus 157, 523-534) expression for the multiple scattering term, including the more accurate approximation to the Chandrasekhar H function. The geometry is based on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lunar Ephemeris DE 421, and the topographic slope is from the Kaguya-LALT laser altimetry (Araki, H., and 10 colleagues [2009]. Science 323, 897-900). We define three types of terrain by combining the reflectance from the Clementine basemap and the topographic model to specify maria, highlands, and crater regions, and allow mixed types between each class. Parameters of the model are solved for as a function of surface type and wavelength by comparison against data "chips" from the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO; Kieffer, H.H., Stone, T.C. [2005]. Astron. J. 129, 2887-2901). The reflectance in any waveband may be computed by spectral interpolation of the model predictions relative to the scaled Apollo 16 soil spectrum. The accuracy of the model, evaluated against ROLO imagery, was found to be 2-4%. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Price, Stephan D.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Kennelly, Edward J.; Aschbrenner, Ryan] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Div, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU National Geospatial Intelligence Agency; NASA FX We thank Tom Stone and Hugh Kieffer for providing the ROLO data and for useful discussions regarding the interpretation of the data and the reflectance model. Paul Noah performed the initial steps in the development of the model software. This work was funded by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. This work made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. The Map-a-Planet project and web site is maintained by the USGS Astrogeology Research Program, http://astrogeology.usgs.gov: the material is based upon work supported by NASA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV PY 2010 VL 210 IS 1 BP 14 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.024 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665LH UT WOS:000283036100003 ER PT J AU Atkins, BZ Danielson, DS Fitzpatrick, CM Dixon, P Petersen, RP Carpenter, AJ AF Atkins, Broadus Zane Danielson, Daren S. Fitzpatrick, Colleen M. Dixon, Patricia Petersen, Rebecca P. Carpenter, Andrea J. TI Modified ultrafiltration attenuates pulmonary-derived inflammatory mediators in response to cardiopulmonary bypass SO INTERACTIVE CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Ultrafiltration; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Inflammation; Perfusion; Pulmonary vascular resistance AB Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) stimulates systemic and pulmonary inflammation. Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) mitigates deleterious CPB effects by unclear mechanisms. We evaluated pulmonary inflammation in piglets undergoing CPB followed by MUF. Twenty-four piglets underwent 60 min of hypothermic CPB. MUF subjects (n = 12) underwent hemoconcentration postCPB to the target hematocrit. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, and transpulmonary thromboxane gradients were determined at baseline, following CPB, and at end of the study (EOS) in MUF and control (n = 12) groups. PVR significantly increased postCPB in both groups but decreased after MUF. MUF and control groups were similar in regards to systemic cytokine concentrations. Bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 significantly increased in controls throughout the study. Alveolar IL-6 and IL-8 were unchanged at EOS in MUF subjects, and IL-6 concentrations were significantly less than controls at EOS (P = 0.015). Similarly, transpulmonary thromboxane gradient was significantly less at EOS in MUF subjects compared with controls (P = 0.04). MUF removed circulating inflammatory mediators, lessened pulmonary hypertension, and reduced pulmonary-derived inflammatory markers, providing further evidence that MUF ameliorates pulmonary-based inflammation. These findings lend insight into mechanisms behind salutary clinical benefits of MUF after CPB. (C) 2010 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved. C1 [Atkins, Broadus Zane] Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. [Carpenter, Andrea J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Danielson, Daren S.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis Afb, CA USA. [Fitzpatrick, Colleen M.; Dixon, Patricia] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Petersen, Rebecca P.] Univ Washington Sch Med, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA USA. RP Atkins, BZ (reprint author), 508 Fulton St,Surg Serv 112, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM broadus.atkins@va.gov FU United States Air Force Surgeon General Office FX This work was funded by the United States Air Force Surgeon General Office. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1569-9293 EI 1569-9285 J9 INTERACT CARDIOV TH JI Interact Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1510/icvts.2010.234344 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V25MY UT WOS:000208483300023 PM 20682630 ER PT J AU Eschleman, KJ Bowling, NA Alarcon, GM AF Eschleman, Kevin J. Bowling, Nathan A. Alarcon, Gene M. TI A Meta-Analytic Examination of Hardiness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRESS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hardiness; health; meta-analysis AB Hardiness, which is a multidimensional personality trait that is hypothesized to protect people from the effects of stress, has attracted considerable research attention during the last 30 years. The current study provides a meta-analytic review of hardiness. Specifically, we examined the relationships between the hardiness facets, the relationship between hardiness and other personality variables, as well as the relationships between hardiness and several hypothesized criteria, including stressors, strains, social support, coping, and performance. Our analyses generally suggest that hardiness is: (a) positively related to other personality traits that are expected to protect people from stress, (b) negatively related to personality traits that are expected to exacerbate the effects of stress, (c) negatively related to stressors, strains, and regressive coping, and (d) positively related to social support, active coping, and performance. Regression analyses suggest that hardiness is significantly related to important criteria after the effects of other personality traits (e.g., the Five Factor Model traits) are controlled. C1 [Eschleman, Kevin J.; Bowling, Nathan A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Alarcon, Gene M.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Eschleman, KJ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM eschleman.2@wright.edu NR 65 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1072-5245 J9 INT J STRESS MANAGE JI Int. J. Stress Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 277 EP 307 DI 10.1037/a0020476 PG 31 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA V21MB UT WOS:000208210600001 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Balassis, A Huang, DH AF Gumbs, Godfrey Balassis, Antonios Huang, Danhong TI Energy bands, conductance, and thermoelectric power for ballistic electrons in a nanowire with spin-orbit interaction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; MOMENT AB We calculated the effects of spin-orbit interaction on the energy bands, ballistic conductance (G), and the electron-diffusion thermoelectric power (S-d) of a nanowire by varying the temperature, electron density, and width of the wire. The potential barriers at the edges of the wire are assumed to be very high. A consequence of the boundary conditions used in this model is determined by the energy band structure, resulting in wider plateaus when the electron density is increased due to larger energy-level separation as the higher subbands are occupied by electrons. The nonlinear dependence of the transverse confinement on position with respect to the well center excludes the "polelike feature" in G which is obtained when a harmonic potential is employed for confinement. At low temperature, S-d increases linearly with T but deviates from the linear behavior for large values of T. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3493113] C1 [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Balassis, Antonios] Fordham Univ, Dept Phys, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. RP Gumbs, G (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM ggumbs@hunter.cuny.edu; balassis@fordham.edu; danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by Contract No. FA 9453-07-C-0207 of AFRL. D.H. would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 093704 DI 10.1063/1.3493113 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900060 ER PT J AU Oliver, JW Stolarski, DJ Noojin, GD Hodnett, HM Harbert, CA Schuster, KJ Foltz, MF Kumru, SS Cain, CP Finkeldei, CJ Buffington, GD Noojin, ID Thomas, RJ AF Oliver, Jeffrey W. Stolarski, David J. Noojin, Gary D. Hodnett, Harvey M. Harbert, Corey A. Schuster, Kurt J. Foltz, Michael F. Kumru, Semih S. Cain, Clarence P. Finkeldei, C. J. Buffington, Gavin D. Noojin, Isaac D. Thomas, Robert J. TI Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1940-nm continuous-wave laser exposures SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE infrared laser; skin damage; exposure limits; laser-thermal tissue response ID IRRADIATION; TISSUE; MODELS AB A series of experiments are conducted in vivo using Yucatan mini-pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1940-nm continuous-wave thulium fiber laser irradiation. Experiments employ exposure durations from 10 ms to 10 s and beam diameters of approximately 4.8 to 18 mm. Thermal imagery data provide a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. A damage endpoint of minimally visible effect is employed to determine threshold for damage at 1 and 24 h postexposure. Predicted thermal response and damage thresholds are compared with a numerical model of optical-thermal interaction. Results are compared with current exposure limits for laser safety. It is concluded that exposure limits should be based on data representative of large-beam exposures, where effects of radial diffusion are minimized for longer-duration damage thresholds. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3523622] C1 [Oliver, Jeffrey W.; Kumru, Semih S.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Stolarski, David J.; Noojin, Gary D.; Hodnett, Harvey M.; Harbert, Corey A.; Schuster, Kurt J.; Foltz, Michael F.; Cain, Clarence P.; Noojin, Isaac D.] TASC Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Finkeldei, C. J.; Buffington, Gavin D.] Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Phys, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Stolarski, DJ (reprint author), TASC, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City, TX 78265 USA. EM david.stolarski.ctr@brooks.af.mil OI Oliver, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8226-7152 FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory; USAF [F4162402-D-7003] FX The authors wish to acknowledge and thank the veterinary support groups within Northrop Grumman Information Technologies, and the Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Division, Veterinary Sciences Branch for their expert support of these studies. Specifically, Kevin Stockton, Adam Cavazos, specialist Kassandra Heads, specialist Jessica Carr, and Aurora Shingledecker were instrumental in animal handling, test preparation, and maintenance of anesthesia during test procedures. This work was sponsored by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, and USAF contract number F4162402-D-7003. Opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not constitute those of the United States Air Force or Department of Defense. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 AR 065008 DI 10.1117/1.3523622 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 719AI UT WOS:000287171100031 PM 21198172 ER EF