FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Natural Fiber Welding SO MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; cellulose; fibers; ionic liquid; silk ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUID; MORI SILK FIBROIN; CELLULOSE; DISSOLUTION; REGENERATION; COMPOSITES; PLATFORM; CHLORIDE; SURFACE; FILMS AB A process we term "natural fiber welding" is demonstrated by which loose fibers are transformed to create a congealed network using an IL solvent. Several examples are discussed that include cellulosic and protein-based materials. SEM shows the fusion of fibers upon treatment. XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy of cellulosic materials show that significant amounts of the native polymer structure are retained after the process is completed. Data suggest that material at the fiber exterior is preferentially transformed while material in the fiber core is left in the native state. Data also demonstrate that the amount of material modified can be tailored by control of variables such as the IL solvent concentration, the process temperature, and the processing time. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Reichert, W. Matthew; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,MS 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the US Naval Academy for funding portions of this work Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Air Force or the US Navy NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7492 J9 MACROMOL MATER ENG JI Macromol. Mater. Eng. PD MAY 18 PY 2010 VL 295 IS 5 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1002/mame.201000005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 609FR UT WOS:000278641700003 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey TI Comparison of inelastic and quasielastic scattering effects on nonlinear electron transport in quantum wires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPURITY-LIMITED MOBILITY; ROUGHNESS SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTOR; CHANNELS; FIELD AB When impurity and phonon scattering coexist, the Boltzmann equation has been solved accurately for nonlinear electron transport in a quantum wire. Based on the calculated nonequilibrium distribution of electrons in momentum space, the scattering effects on both the nondifferential (for a fixed dc field) and differential (for a fixed temperature) mobilities of electrons as functions of temperature and dc field have been demonstrated. The nondifferential mobility of electrons is switched from a linearly increasing function of temperature to a paraboliclike temperature dependence as the quantum wire is tuned from an impurity-dominated system to a phonon-dominated one, as described by Fang et al. [Phys. Rev. B 78, 205403 (2008)]. In addition, a maximum has been obtained in the dc field dependence of the differential mobility of electrons. The low-field differential mobility is dominated by the impurity scattering, whereas the high-field differential mobility is limited by the phonon scattering as described by Hauser et al. [Semicond. Sci. Technol. 9, 951 (1994)]. Once a quantum wire is dominated by quasielastic scattering, the peak of the momentum-space distribution function becomes sharpened and both tails of the equilibrium electron distribution centered at the Fermi edges are raised by the dc field after a redistribution of the electrons is fulfilled in a symmetric way in the low-field regime. If a quantum wire is dominated by inelastic scattering, on the other hand, the peak of the momentum-space distribution function is unchanged while both shoulders centered at the Fermi edges shift leftward correspondingly with increasing dc field through an asymmetric redistribution of the electrons even in low-field regime as described by Wirner et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2609 (1993)]. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3373413] C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 10 AR 103710 DI 10.1063/1.3373413 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BH UT WOS:000278182400076 ER PT J AU Jordan, JL Dattelbaum, DM Sutherland, G Richards, DW Sheffield, SA Dick, RD AF Jordan, Jennifer L. Dattelbaum, Dana M. Sutherland, Gerrit Richards, D. Wayne Sheffield, Stephen A. Dick, Richard D. TI Shock equation of state of a multi-phase epoxy-based composite (Al-MnO2-epoxy) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE-LOADED MATERIALS; DYNAMICAL RESPONSE; ALUMINA PARTICLES; WAVE PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; MESOSCALE; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; MATRIX AB There are several studies in the literature regarding the equation of state of alumina-epoxy composites. Although these single component systems interact in a complex manner with shock waves, the addition of a second metal or ceramic particulate can result in even more complex interactions. This paper presents the shock equation of state results on a multi-phase composite Al-MnO2-epoxy. Equation of state experiments were conducted using three different loading techniques-single stage light gas gun, two stage light gas gun, and explosive loading-with multiple diagnostic techniques. The U-s-u(p) relationship is shown to be linear, with deviations from linearity at low, and possibly high, pressures due to the behavior of the epoxy binder. The experimental equation of state data is compared to volume averaged and mesoscale mixture models. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3357314] C1 [Jordan, Jennifer L.; Richards, D. Wayne] USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab RWMED, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Dattelbaum, Dana M.; Sheffield, Stephen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Dick, Richard D.] Shocks Unltd, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab RWMED, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jennifer.jordan@eglin.af.mil FU AFRL/RWME FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of several people and groups who assisted in the construction, setup, and implementation of the experiments-Mr. Mark Grimmonpre (AFRL), Mr. Ricky Beesley (AFRL) and Mr. Mark Johnson (AFRL), AFRL/RW Processing Section, Mr. Alan Zakarais (NSWC-IH), Mr. Grant Rogerson (NSWC-IH), and Mr. Andrew Fraser (NSWC-IH and Marquette University). Dr. John Borg and Mr. Andrew Fraser (Marquette University) provided helpful information regarding mesoscale modeling. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jerry Forbes for useful insights and discussions. This research was sponsored by AFRL/RWME. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the United States Air Force. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 10 AR 103528 DI 10.1063/1.3357314 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BH UT WOS:000278182400053 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Bukowinski, AT Smith, TC Smith, B Dennis, LK Chu, LK Gray, GC Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. Bukowinski, Anna T. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Dennis, Leslie K. Chu, Laura K. Gray, Gregory C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Risk Remain Among US Servicemen With Equal Access to Care SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; military personnel; occupational exposure; prostatic neoplasms ID HEALTH-CARE; TIME-SCALE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; CADMIUM; TRENDS; RACE AB BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among US men, however, the etiology remains unclear. Yet, one consistency is that black non-Hispanic men are at increased risk for prostate cancer compared to white, non-Hispanic men. The goal of this study was to assess relations between demographic and other potential prostate cancer risk factors in the context of the US military healthcare system, which provides equal access to all US servicemen. METHODS. Military healthcare and demographic data were used to describe risk factors for prostate cancer in the US military from September 1993 to September 2003. Cox's proportional hazards regression was employed to model the time to prostate cancer hospitalization. RESULTS. Four hundred eight first prostate cancer hospitalizations were identified among 2,761,559 servicemen. The adjusted rate per 100,000 persons rose from 1.41 to 3.62 for white non-Hispanic men and 1.43 to 6.08 for black non-Hispanic men by the end of the study. The increasing incidence over time for combined race/ethnic groups was similar to trends reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for the US civilian population. No association was observed between occupation and prostate cancer hospitalization. However, black non-Hispanic men were at increased risk compared with white non-Hispanic men (hazard ratio = 2.72, 95% confidence interval: 2.12, 3.49). CONCLUSIONS. No association was observed between occupation and prostate cancer hospitalization. In this relatively young cohort, black non-Hispanic race/ethnicity was found to be predictive of prostate cancer, and this association existed regardless of access to care and socioeconomic status. Prostate 70: 727-734, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Bukowinski, Anna T.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Chu, Laura K.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dennis, Leslie K.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), AFRL HEPA, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation; Department of Defense [60002, W81XWH-04-1-0163] FX We thank Scott L. Seggerman from the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Seaside, CA. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD. This work represents report 08-31, which was additionally supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. This work was supported by the Department of Defense, Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs[W81XWH-04-1-0163]. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 70 IS 7 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1002/pros.21105 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 591XM UT WOS:000277338800005 PM 20033887 ER PT J AU Jack, DA Yeh, CS Liang, Z Li, S Park, JG Fielding, JC AF Jack, D. A. Yeh, C-S Liang, Z. Li, S. Park, J. G. Fielding, J. C. TI Electrical conductivity modeling and experimental study of densely packed SWCNT networks SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; TRANSISTORS; COMPOSITES; FILM; ORIENTATION; MOBILITY AB Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks have become a subject of interest due to their ability to support structural, thermal and electrical loadings, but to date their application has been hindered due, in large part, to the inability to model macroscopic responses in an industrial product with any reasonable confidence. This paper seeks to address the relationship between macroscale electrical conductivity and the nanostructure of a dense network composed of SWCNTs and presents a uniquely formulated physics-based computational model for electrical conductivity predictions. The proposed model incorporates physics-based stochastic parameters for the individual nanotubes to construct the nanostructure such as: an experimentally obtained orientation distribution function, experimentally derived length and diameter distributions, and assumed distributions of chirality and registry of individual CNTs. Case studies are presented to investigate the relationship between macroscale conductivity and nanostructured variations in the bulk stochastic length, diameter and orientation distributions. Simulation results correspond nicely with those available in the literature for case studies of conductivity versus length and conductivity versus diameter. In addition, predictions for the increasing anisotropy of the bulk conductivity as a function of the tube orientation distribution are in reasonable agreement with our experimental results. Examples are presented to demonstrate the importance of incorporating various stochastic characteristics in bulk conductivity predictions. Finally, a design consideration for industrial applications is discussed based on localized network power emission considerations and may lend insight to the design engineer to better predict network failure under high current loading applications. C1 [Jack, D. A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Yeh, C-S; Liang, Z.; Li, S.; Park, J. G.] FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Fielding, J. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jack, DA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Bear Pl 97356, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM David_Jack@Baylor.edu RI Park, Jin Gyu/A-5823-2008; Li, Shu/F-7014-2010 OI Li, Shu/0000-0001-5932-7225 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL); High-Performance Materials Institute (HPMI) at FSU FX The authors would like to thank Dr Les Lee of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for partial support of this work. In addition, the support of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) and the High-Performance Materials Institute (HPMI) at FSU are also greatly appreciated for fabricating the CNT films and providing the Raman data referred to in this work. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 14 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 19 AR 195703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/19/195703 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 586LQ UT WOS:000276911000018 PM 20407145 ER PT J AU Jung, S Suchalkin, S Kipshidze, G Westerfeld, D Golden, E Snyder, D Belenky, G AF Jung, Seungyong Suchalkin, Sergey Kipshidze, Gela Westerfeld, David Golden, Eric Snyder, Donald Belenky, Gregory TI Dual wavelength GaSb based type I quantum well mid-infrared light emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; infrared detectors; light emitting diodes; quantum well devices ID SUBSTRATE AB We have designed and developed dual wavelength type I quantum well light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating at 2 mu m and 3-3.4 mu m wavelengths with independently controlled intensities. The room temperature quasicontinuous wave output power was 2.8 mW at 2 mu m and 0.14 mW at 3 mu m. The design of the dual wavelength structure allows for monolithically integrating LED pixels with different wavelengths opening the way for the fabrication of multiwavelength LED arrays for multispectral and hyperspectral imaging applications. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3425899] C1 [Suchalkin, Sergey; Westerfeld, David] Power Photon Corp, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Jung, Seungyong; Kipshidze, Gela; Belenky, Gregory] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Golden, Eric; Snyder, Donald] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Suchalkin, S (reprint author), Power Photon Corp, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM suchal@ece.sunysb.edu FU United States Air Force [FA8651-07-C0152]; Army Research Office [W911NF0610399]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA95500810458] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8651-07-C0152, the Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF0610399, and the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA95500810458. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 19 AR 191102 DI 10.1063/1.3425899 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 597KR UT WOS:000277756400002 ER PT J AU Krucker, S Hudson, HS Glesener, L White, SM Masuda, S Wuelser, JP Lin, RP AF Krucker, Saem Hudson, H. S. Glesener, L. White, S. M. Masuda, S. Wuelser, J. -P. Lin, R. P. TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE CORONAL ACCELERATION REGION OF A SOLAR FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID HARD X-RAY; RHESSI MICROFLARE STATISTICS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MASS EJECTION; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; SPECTROSCOPIC-IMAGER; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY AB The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) and the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) are used to investigate coronal hard X-ray and microwave emissions in the partially disk-occulted solar flare of 2007 December 31. The STEREO mission provides EUV images of the flare site at different viewing angles, establishing a two-ribbon flare geometry and occultation heights of the RHESSI and NoRH observations of similar to 16 Mm and similar to 25 Mm, respectively. Despite the occultation, intense hard X-ray emission up to similar to 80 keV occurs during the impulsive phase from a coronal source that is also seen in microwaves. The hard X-ray and microwave source during the impulsive phase is located similar to 6 Mm above thermal flare loops seen later at the soft X-ray peak time, similar in location to the above-the-loop-top source in the Masuda flare. A single non-thermal electron population with a power-law distribution (with spectral index of similar to 3.7 from similar to 16 keV up to the MeV range) radiating in both bremsstrahlung and gyrosynchrotron emission can explain the observed hard X-ray and microwave spectrum, respectively. This clearly establishes the non-thermal nature of the above-the-loop-top source. The large hard X-ray intensity requires a very large number (>5 x 10(35) above 16 keV for the derived upper limit of the ambient density of similar to 8 x 10(9) cm(-3)) of suprathermal electrons to be present in this above-the-loop-top source. This is of the same order of magnitude as the number of ambient thermal electrons. We show that collisional losses of these accelerated electrons would heat all ambient electrons to superhot temperatures (tens of keV) within seconds. Hence, the standard scenario, with hard X-rays produced by a beam comprising the tail of a dominant thermal core plasma, does not work. Instead, all electrons in the above-the-loop-top source seem to be accelerated, suggesting that the above-the-loop-top source is itself the electron acceleration region. C1 [Krucker, Saem; Hudson, H. S.; Glesener, L.; Lin, R. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glesener, L.; Lin, R. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, S. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [White, S. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Masuda, S.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Wuelser, J. -P.] Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Lin, R. P.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Krucker, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krucker@ssl.berkeley.edu FU NASA [NAS 5-98033, NNG05-GI-91G]; WCU, Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [R31-10016] FX We thank the anonymous referee, and Brian Dennis, Gordon Holman, and Eduard Kontar for critical comments. The work has been supported by NASA contract NAS 5-98033 and NNG05-GI-91G for RHESSI and partially by the WCU grant (No. R31-10016) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. NR 87 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 2 BP 1108 EP 1119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1108 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587ER UT WOS:000276973100010 ER PT J AU Owens, MJ Horbury, TS Arge, CN AF Owens, M. J. Horbury, T. S. Arge, C. N. TI PROBING THE LARGE-SCALE TOPOLOGY OF THE HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD USING JOVIAN ELECTRONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: particle emission ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SPACE; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GALACTIC ELECTRONS; MODULATION; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; 1-AU AB Jupiter's magnetosphere acts as a point source of near-relativistic electrons within the heliosphere. In this study, three solar cycles of Jovian electron data in near-Earth space are examined. Jovian electron intensity is found to peak for an ideal Parker spiral connection, but with considerable spread about this point. Assuming the peak in Jovian electron counts indicates the best magnetic connection to Jupiter, we find a clear trend for fast and slow solar wind to be over-and under-wound with respect to the ideal Parker spiral, respectively. This is shown to be well explained in terms of solar wind stream interactions. Thus, modulation of Jovian electrons by corotating interaction regions (CIRs) may primarily be the result of changing magnetic connection, rather than CIRs acting as barriers to cross-field diffusion. By using Jovian electrons to remote sensing magnetic connectivity with Jupiter's magnetosphere, we suggest that they provide a means to validate solar wind models between 1 and 5 AU, even when suitable in situ solar wind observations are not available. Furthermore, using Jovian electron observations as probes of heliospheric magnetic topology could provide insight into heliospheric magnetic field braiding and turbulence, as well as any systematic under-winding of the heliospheric magnetic field relative to the Parker spiral from footpoint motion of the magnetic field. C1 [Owens, M. J.; Horbury, T. S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Owens, MJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Space Environm Phys Grp, POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453 FU STFC (UK) FX This research at Imperial College London was funded by STFC (UK). We are grateful to the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) and National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) for OMNI data, and the University of New Hampshire for CRNC data (PI: Dr. C. Lopate). M.O. thanks C. Jackman of Imperial College London for useful discussions. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 2 BP 1617 EP 1623 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1617 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587ER UT WOS:000276973100052 ER PT J AU Rabb, D Jameson, D Stokes, A Stafford, J AF Rabb, David Jameson, Douglas Stokes, Andrew Stafford, Jason TI Distributed aperture synthesis SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Distributed aperture synthesis is an exciting technique for recovering high-resolution images from an array of small telescopes. Such a system requires optical field values measured at individual apertures to be phased together so that a single, high-resolution image can be synthesized. This paper describes the application of sharpness metrics to the process of phasing multiple coherent imaging systems into a single high-resolution system. Furthermore, this paper will discuss hardware and present the results of simulations and experiments which will illustrate how aperture synthesis is performed. C1 [Rabb, David; Jameson, Douglas; Stokes, Andrew; Stafford, Jason] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYJM B622, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rabb, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYJM B622, 3109 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Rabb@wpafb.af.mil RI Tippie, Abbie/A-1106-2007 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 10 BP 10334 EP 10342 DI 10.1364/OE.18.010334 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 594TD UT WOS:000277560000060 PM 20588888 ER PT J AU Kalender, A Selvaraj, A Kim, SY Gulati, P Brule, S Viollet, B Kemp, BE Bardeesy, N Dennis, P Schlager, JJ Marette, A Kozma, SC Thomas, G AF Kalender, Adem Selvaraj, Anand Kim, So Young Gulati, Pawan Brule, Sophie Viollet, Benoit Kemp, Bruce E. Bardeesy, Nabeel Dennis, Patrick Schlager, John J. Marette, Andre Kozma, Sara C. Thomas, George TI Metformin, Independent of AMPK, Inhibits mTORC1 in a Rag GTPase-Dependent Manner SO CELL METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; MAMMALIAN TARGET; CELL-GROWTH; AMINO-ACIDS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; TUMOR SUPPRESSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; S6 KINASE; COMPLEX; RAPTOR AB Dysfunctional mTORC1 signaling is associated with a number of human pathologies owing to its central role in controlling cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. Regulation of mTORC1 is achieved by the integration of multiple inputs, including those of mitogens, nutrients, and energy. It is thought that agents that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio, such as the antidiabetic biguanides metformin and phenformin, inhibit mTORC1 through AMPK activation of TSC1/2-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Unexpectedly, we found that biguanides inhibit mTORC1 signaling, not only in the absence of TSC1/2 but also in the absence of AMPK. Consistent with these observations, in two distinct preclinical models of cancer and diabetes, metformin acts to suppress mTORC1 signaling in an AMPK-independent manner. We found that the ability of biguanides to inhibit mTORC1 activation and signaling is, instead, dependent on the Rag GTPases. C1 [Kalender, Adem; Selvaraj, Anand; Gulati, Pawan; Dennis, Patrick; Kozma, Sara C.; Thomas, George] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Canc & Cell Biol, Metab Dis Inst, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. [Kalender, Adem; Selvaraj, Anand; Kim, So Young; Kozma, Sara C.; Thomas, George] Friedrich Miescher Inst Biomed Res, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. [Kim, So Young] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Brule, Sophie; Marette, Andre] Laval Univ Hosp Res Ctr, Dept Anat & Physiol, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4G5, Canada. [Brule, Sophie; Marette, Andre] Laval Univ Hosp Res Ctr, Lipid Res Unit, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4G5, Canada. [Viollet, Benoit] Univ Paris 05, Inst Cochin, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France. [Viollet, Benoit] INSERM, U567, F-75014 Paris, France. [Kemp, Bruce E.] Univ Melbourne, St Vincents Inst Med Res, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Australia. [Bardeesy, Nabeel] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Canc & Cell Biol, Metab Dis Inst, 2180 E Galbraith Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. EM thomasg4@uc.edu RI Marette, Andre/E-9342-2013; Thomas, George/K-9235-2014; Kemp, Bruce/L-2633-2014 OI Thomas, George/0000-0003-3518-8149; Kemp, Bruce/0000-0001-6735-5082 FU Association Nationale de la Recherche [R06428KS]; European Commission [LSHM-CT-2004-005272]; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); Australia and the Australian Research Council (ARC); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U01 CA141464]; NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [DK73802, DK078019]; Strauss Chair in Cancer Research FX We are indebted to all members of the Kozma/Thomas laboratory for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank M. Daston and G. Doerman for editing the manuscript and computer graphics, respectively. We thank Birgit Ehmer for assistance in microscopy, D. Pan for the Drosophila TSC1 antibody, and the D. Sabatini laboratory for RagB constructs and useful discussions. A.K. was supported by the Krebsliga, Basel. A.K. and A.S/are supported by appointments to the Research Participation Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioscience and Protection, Wright Patterson Air Force Base administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. B.V. is supported by funding from the Association Nationale de la Recherche (Muscle bioenergetics R06428KS), Association de Langue Francaise pour l'Etude du Diabete et des Maladies Metaboliques and by the EXGENESIS Integrated Project (LSHM-CT-2004-005272) funded by the European Commission. B.E.K. is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and the Australian Research Council (ARC). A.M. is supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). G.T. and S.C.K. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Mouse Models for Human Cancer Consortium, U01 CA141464, and NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) grants DK73802 and DK078019. G.T. is supported by the Strauss Chair in Cancer Research. NR 63 TC 312 Z9 320 U1 5 U2 36 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1550-4131 J9 CELL METAB JI Cell Metab. PD MAY 5 PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 390 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.014 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 591YH UT WOS:000277341000009 PM 20444419 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Jones, SE Pandey, RB Farmer, BL Vaia, RA Naik, RR AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Jones, Sharon E. Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, B. L. Vaia, Richard A. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Bioassembled Layered Silicate-Metal Nanoparticle Hybrids SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE phage display; peptide; montmorillonite; nanoclay; CoPt; bionanotechnology ID MOLECULAR BIOMIMETICS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; INORGANIC SURFACES; PHAGE DISPLAY; CLAY; MONTMORILLONITE; ADSORPTION; PEPTIDES; GOLD; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Here we report on the bioenabled assembly of layered nanohybrids using peptides identified with regard to their affinity to the nanoparticle surface. A dodecamer peptide termed M1, determined from a phage peptide display library, was found to bind to the surface of a layered aluminosilicate (montmorillonite, MMT). Fusion of a metal binding domain to the M1 peptide or the M1 peptide by itself was able to direct the growth of metal nanoparticles, such as gold and cobalt-platinum, respectively, on the MMT. This method of producing hybrid nanoclay materials will have utility in catalytic, optical, biomedical, and composite materials applications. C1 [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Jones, Sharon E.; Farmer, B. L.; Vaia, Richard A.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors thank James O'Brien of Quantum Design for helpful discussions regarding magnetic property measurements and Melanie Tomczak, Marlene Houtz, and Justin Tomlin for technical assistance. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 11 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 1492 EP 1498 DI 10.1021/am1001184 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 600HY UT WOS:000277977400032 PM 20405826 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, J Rowenhorst, D Aagesen, LK Thornton, K Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. Rowenhorst, D. Aagesen, L. K. Thornton, K. Pollock, T. M. TI Modeling fluid flow in three-dimensional single crystal dendritic structures SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nickel alloys; Dendritic growth; Directional solidification; Modeling; Permeability ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; INTERDENDRITIC LIQUID; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS; FRECKLE FORMATION; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURES; INSTABILITIES; CONVECTION; CASTINGS AB Convection during directional solidification can cause defects such as freckles and misoriented grains To gain a better understanding of conditions associated with the onset of convective instabilities, flow was investigated using three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics simulations in an experimentally obtained dendritic network A serial-sectioned, 3D data set of directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy measuring 2 3 x 2 3 x 15 mm was used to determine the permeability for flow parallel and normal to the solidification direction as a function of solid fraction (f(S)) Anisotropy of permeability varies significantly from 0 4 < f(S) < 0 6 High flow velocity channels exhibit spacings commensurate with primary dendrite arms at the base of the mushy zone but rapidly increase by a factor of three to four towards dendrite tips Permeability is strongly dependent on interfacial surface area, which reaches a maximum at f(S) = 0 65 Results from the 3D simulation are also compared with empirical permeability models, and the microstructural origins of departures from these models are discussed. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Madison, J.; Thornton, K.; Pollock, T. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spowart, J.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aagesen, L. K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Aagesen, Larry/B-6950-2017; OI Aagesen, Larry/0000-0003-4936-676X; /0000-0002-1227-5293 FU AFOSR [FA9550-05-1-0104]; NSF; ONR FX The authors acknowledge support from the AFOSR MEANS-II Program, Grant No FA9550-05-1-0104 and the NSF CAREER Award. The authors are also grateful to P Voorhees of Northwestern University for many useful discussions. The primary author also recognizes the ONR HBEC-FF Fellowship for student support. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2864 EP 2875 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.014 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 584FK UT WOS:000276736200007 ER PT J AU Otto, HF England, RW Quinn, JM AF Otto, Hans F. England, Ronald W. Quinn, James M. TI Inpatient allergy/immunology consultations in a tertiary care setting SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE Adverse drug reactions; allergy immunology; anaphylaxis; angioedema; asthma; immunodeficiency; inpatient consult; outcomes; rash; urticaria ID DRUG ALLERGY; SERVICE; ASTHMA AB Few studies have examined inpatient referral patterns for fellowship training programs and none for allergy/immunology (AI) since 2003. The primary end point was the reason for consultation, and secondary end points included the AI diagnosis made and outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed all inpatient AI consultations from July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2007. These 6 years of data were combined with 14 years of data examining the reason for consult from a previous study. The data were analyzed for trends and changes over the entire 20-year period. A total of 254 AI inpatient consults were reviewed over the 6 years studied. Thirty-six percent (92/254) of inpatient consults were for evaluation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 22% (55/254) miscellaneous reasons, 17% (43/254) urticaria/angioedema, 13% (32/254) for possible immunodeficiency, 9% (23/254) for anaphylaxis, and 3% (8/254) for asthma. AI inpatient consults show a significant decline over the recent 6-year period (p = 0.0023) despite stable total hospital admissions since 1998. Over the last 20 years, an 85% decrease (p < 0.00001) in inpatient asthma consults and increases (p < 0.05) in immunodeficiency, rash, and urticaria/angioedema evaluations have been observed. Not following AI recommendations resulted in a 16.6 odds ratio (95% CI, 5.55-49.93) that a patient's clinical status would be worse or unchanged. Inpatient AI consults have declined with associated reduction in asthma inpatient consults. Although ADRs and anaphylaxis consults have been stable, evaluations for immunodeficiency, rash, and urticaria/angioedema have increased. Following inpatient AI recommendations is associated with improved patient outcomes. (Allergy Asthma Proc 31:244-251, 2010; doi: 10.2500/aap.2010.31.3331) C1 [Otto, Hans F.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [England, Ronald W.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Otto, HF (reprint author), 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hans.otto@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.2500/aap.2010.31.3331 PG 8 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 619GH UT WOS:000279416700011 PM 20615326 ER PT J AU O'Connor, CM Miller, AB Blair, JEA Konstam, MA Wedge, P Bahit, MC Carson, P Haass, M Hauptman, PJ Metra, M Oren, RM Patten, R Pina, I Roth, S Sackner-Bernstein, JD Traver, B Cook, T Gheorghiade, M AF O'Connor, Christopher M. Miller, Alan B. Blair, John E. A. Konstam, Marvin A. Wedge, Patricia Bahit, Maria C. Carson, Peter Haass, Markus Hauptman, Paul J. Metra, Marco Oren, Ron M. Patten, Richard Pina, Ileana Roth, Sherryn Sackner-Bernstein, Jonathan D. Traver, Brian Cook, Thomas Gheorghiade, Mihai CA Efficacy Vasopressin Antagonism He TI Causes of death and rehospitalization in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: Results from efficacy of vasopressin antagonism in heart failure outcome study with tolvaptan (EVEREST) program SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL EVENTS COMMITTEE; INFARCTION END-POINTS; TRIAL; MODE; CARVEDILOL; MORTALITY AB Background The postdischarge rehospitalization and death rates are high in patients with acute heart failure (HF) syndromes despite optimization of standard therapy for chronic HF. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no systematic analysis of the causes of death and rehospitalization in this patient population. Methods This was a prespecified analysis of adjudicated cause-specific all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization in the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients hospitalized with worsening HF and left ventricular ejection fraction <= 40% comparing tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin receptor antagonist to placebo, in addition to standard care. Results Of the 4,133 randomized, there were 5,239 rehospitalizations and 1,080 deaths during a median of 9.9 months. Of all deaths, 41.0% were due to HF, 26.0% due to sudden cardiac death (SCD), 2.6% due to acute myocardial infarction (MI), 2.2% due to stroke, and 13.2% due to non-CV causes. Of all hospitalizations, 39.2% were non-CV, whereas 46.3% were for HF, and a minority of hospitalizations was due to stroke, MI, arrhythmia, or other CV causes. Conclusions Despite close follow-up and evidence-based therapy within a clinical trial, rehospitalization and death remain high. Although most deaths were from HF, one quarter of patients had SCD. In addition, there were almost as many non-CV hospitalizations as HF hospitalizations. Knowledge of the causes of death and rehospitalization may be essential for proper management and early initiation of therapy. (Am Heart J 2010; 159: 841-849.e1.) C1 [Gheorghiade, Mihai] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Qual & Outcomes, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [O'Connor, Christopher M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Miller, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Blair, John E. A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Konstam, Marvin A.; Patten, Richard] Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wedge, Patricia] Cardiovasc Clin Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Bahit, Maria C.] Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Carson, Peter] Washington VAMC, Washington, DC USA. [Haass, Markus] Theresienkrankenhaus, Mannheim, Germany. [Hauptman, Paul J.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Metra, Marco] Univ Brescia, Brescia, Italy. [Oren, Ron M.] Iowa City Heart Ctr PC, Iowa City, IA USA. [Pina, Ileana] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Roth, Sherryn] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Traver, Brian; Cook, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Gheorghiade, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Qual & Outcomes, 645 N Michigan Ave,Suite 1006, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM m-gheorghiade@northwestern.edu RI Max, Mad/E-5238-2010 OI Max, Mad/0000-0001-6966-6829 FU National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); Amgen; Astra; Bristol-Meyers Squibb; GlaxoSmithKline; Guidant; Medtronic; Merck; Nitrox LLC; Novartis; Otsuka; Pfizer; ArcaBioPharma; Sanofi-Sythelabo; MedPace; Corthera; Duke Clinical Research Institute; Nile therapeutics; Servier; Case Western Reserve University; NHLBI, Office of Women's Health (Health and Human Services) FX Dr O'Connor reports having received funding from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Amgen, Astra, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Guidant, Medtronic, Merck, Nitrox LLC, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, ArcaBioPharma, Sanofi-Sythelabo, and MedPace; Dr Miller Reports having received research grants from Otsuka and Pfizer and honoraria from Medtronic, Nitromed, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Scios Inc; Dr Blair reports having been a consultant for SigmaTau; Dr Konstam reports the following companies, involved in development of drugs or devices for HF, for which he consulted, performed research, or have had other financial relationships: Otsuka, Merck, Cardiokine, Biogen, Orqis Medical, Boston Scientific, Sanofi, Cytokinetics, and Novartis; Ms Wedge reports having received funding from Otsuka; Dr Hauptman reports having been a consultant for Otsuka, BioControl Medical, Merck, Cardiokine, and ArcaBioPharma and having been on the speakers bureau of GlaxoSmithKline; Dr Metra reports having received consulting fees from Corthera, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Merck, Nile therapeutics, and Servier; Dr Pi a reports having received grant support through Case Western Reserve University and the NHLBI, Office of Women's Health (Health and Human Services); having been on the speakers bureau for AstraZeneca, Merck, Solvay, Novartis, and Innovia; and having been a consultant for the Food and Drug Administration and Sanofi-Aventis; Mr Traver and Dr Cook report having received compensation through a contract between the University of Wisconsin and Otsuka; Dr Gheorghiade reports having been a consultant for Otsuka, Solvay Pharma, Novartis, Bayer, Sigma Tau, Debiopharm, Medtronic, Merck, Astellas, Cytokinetics, CorThera Inc, Pericor Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Abbott, Errekappa Terapeutici, Protein Design Laboratories, AstraZeneca, Protein Design Laboratories, and Sanofi-Aventis. No other disclosures were reported.; This study was supported by Otsuka Pharmaceuticals under the guidance of the EVEREST steering committee. NR 24 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 9 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 159 IS 5 BP 841 EP U32 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.023 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 590QY UT WOS:000277243300020 PM 20435194 ER PT J AU Maryanchik, I Brendlinger, EJ Fallis, DW Vandewalle, KS AF Maryanchik, Igor Brendlinger, Eric J. Fallis, Drew W. Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to various esthetic pontic materials SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article AB Introduction: In this in-vitro study, we compared the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded to various commonly used esthetic pontic materials. Methods: Prefabricated denture teeth (acrylic resin, Trubyte, Dentsply, York, Pa) and samples made from Integrity (bis-acryl composite resin, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del) and Alike (polymethylmethacrylate resin, GC America, Alsip, Ill) were used to represent the more common esthetic provisional materials. Each material group contained 30 samples; a total of 90 samples were bonded in the same fashion with APC PLUS maxillary lateral incisor brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Each material group was then divided into 2 testing subgroups. One subgroup was tested for shear bond strength 24 hours after bonding, and the other subgroup was tested after bonding and storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C for a week. Each bracket was loaded perpendicularly in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm per minute until bonding failure. The mean shear bond strength and standard deviation were determined for each group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA, 2-factor and 1-factor) with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, Student t tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test the main effects of pontic materials and time of loading (alpha = 0.05). The data were stratified, and 1-way ANOVA tests were performed with the Bonferroni adjustment (alpha = 0.01) to examine the effect of the pontic material on shear bond strength after either 1 day or 7 days of storage. Results: Significant differences were found based on pontic material and time (P < 0.05), but there was a significant interaction (P = 0.044), making the results uninterpretable. At 1 day, the Integrity material had a significantly higher mean shear bond strength than both Alike and the denture tooth materials (P < 0.001). However, at 7 days, both Integrity and Alike had significantly higher mean shear bond strengths compared with the prefabricated denture tooth (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the use of Integrity or Alike requires an additional armamentarium, necessitating individual pontic fabrication by the dental practitioner, indications for clinical use are evident with direct applications to multi-disciplinary treatment modalities. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137: 684-9) C1 [Maryanchik, Igor; Brendlinger, Eric J.; Fallis, Drew W.; Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Triserv Orthodont Residency Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fallis, DW (reprint author), Triserv Orthodont Residency Program, 59 DTS SGDRR,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Drew.Fallis@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 137 IS 5 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.06.031 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 592VE UT WOS:000277408200028 PM 20451789 ER PT J AU Baril, R Lichtenberger, J Southam, S Jesinger, R Tall, M AF Baril, R. Lichtenberger, J. Southam, S. Jesinger, R. Tall, M. TI The Sacroiliac Joint-A Window to Arthropathy: A Multimodality Imaging Review of Sacroiliac Joint Disease With Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 110th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 [Baril, R.; Lichtenberger, J.; Southam, S.; Jesinger, R.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Tall, M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM john.lichtenberger@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 194 IS 5 SU S MA E398 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 586RV UT WOS:000276931000640 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Bera, NC Maeda, S Morokuma, K AF Midey, Anthony J. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. Bera, Narayan C. Maeda, Satoshi Morokuma, Keiji TI Ion Chemistry of VX Surrogates and Ion Energetics Properties of VX: New Suggestions for VX Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-BOUND DIMERS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULE REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; FLOW TUBE; 298 K; DENSITY; ATMOSPHERE; ENERGY; FLIGHT AB Room temperature rate constants and product ion branching ratios have been measured for the reactions of numerous positive and negative ions with VX chemical warfare agent surrogates representing the amine (triethylamine) and organophosphonate (diethyl methythiomethylphosphonate (DEMTMP)) portions of VX. The measurements have been supplemented by theoretical calculations of the proton affinity, fluoride affinity, and ionization potential of VX and the simulants. The results show that many proton transfer reactions are rapid and that the proton affinity of VX is near the top of the scale. Many proton transfer agents should detect VX selectively and sensitively in chemical ionization mass spectrometers. Charge transfer with NO(+) should also be sensitive and selective since the ionization potential of VX is small. The surrogate studies confirm these trends. Limits of detection for commercial and research grade CIMS instruments are estimated at 80 pptv and 5 ppqv, respectively. C1 [Midey, Anthony J.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Bera, Narayan C.; Maeda, Satoshi; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Bera, Narayan C.; Maeda, Satoshi; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil RI Maeda, Satoshi/H-3613-2014 FU Army Research Office (ARO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0395]; Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0006] FX We would like to thank John Williamson and Paul Mundis for their technical support. This project was supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) under the JSTO program in Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD) and the Molecular Dynamics program at Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The Emory group was supported by AFOSR Grant Number (FA9550-07-1-0395). A.J.M. and T.M.M. were supported under Boston College contract number FA8718-04-C-0006. The DEMTMP calculations were performed on the Scorpio Linux cluster at Boston College. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 BP 3764 EP 3771 DI 10.1021/ac100176r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 590GO UT WOS:000277213400055 PM 20384284 ER PT J AU Stearns, JA McElman, SE Dodd, JA AF Stearns, Jaime A. McElman, Sarah E. Dodd, James A. TI Identification of vapor-phase chemical warfare agent simulants and rocket fuels using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; IGNITION; PLASMAS; GASES; SPARK; FLAME; AIR AB Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the identification of security threats is a growing area of research. This work presents LIBS spectra of vapor-phase chemical warfare agent simulants and typical rocket fuels. A large dataset of spectra was acquired using a variety of gas mixtures and background pressures and processed using partial least squares analysis. The five compounds studied were identified with a 99% success rate by the best method. The temporal behavior of the emission lines as a function of chamber pressure and gas mixture was also investigated, revealing some interesting trends that merit further study. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stearns, Jaime A.; McElman, Sarah E.; Dodd, James A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Stearns, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency Chemical and Biological Technologies [BRCALL07N-2-0029]; National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate Space Scholars Program FX This work was supported by a Defense Threat Reduction Agency Chemical and Biological Technologies basic research program award, BRCALL07N-2-0029, managed by Dr. Anthony Esposito. J. A. Stearns gratefully acknowledges the National Research Council Associateship Program for funding. S. E. McElman was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate Space Scholars Program. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 13 BP C8 EP C15 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 590HZ UT WOS:000277217400021 ER PT J AU Andrews, JN Weitzel, EK Eller, R McMains, CK AF Andrews, Jamie N. Weitzel, Erik K. Eller, Robert McMains, Christopher K. TI Unsuccessful Frontal Balloon Sinuplasty for Recurrent Sinus Barotrauma SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE balloon sinuplasty; recurrent sinus barotrauma; endoscopic frontal sinus surgery ID SURGERY AB ANDREWS JN, WEITZEL. EK, ELLER R, MCMAINS CK. Unsuccessful frontal balloon sinuplasty for recurrent sinus barotrauma Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81.514-6. The standard of care treatment for diffuse recurrent sinus barotrauma (RSB) is an endoscopic sphenoethmoidectomy with a complete frontal dissection Successful healing leaves the RSB patient with no ethmoid sinuses and endoscopically patent frontal, sphenoid, and maxillary ostia In persistent cases, patients with small frontal ostia will go on to require a frontal drillout Patients presenting for surgical management of RSB generally have minimal sinus disease despite significant symptoms during flight and the prospect of extensive surgical management can he unappealing With the advent of balloon simplasty, military otolaryngologists anticipated this technology would permit therapeutic dilation of sinus ostia without the extensive surgical dissection and prolonged recovery typical for standard of care management This case report is a cautionary note to the wider flight community to recognize a mechanism for recurrence of the underlying pathology when balloon sinuplasty is used that is not possible after properly performed standard of care sinus surgery for RSB C1 [Andrews, Jamie N.] SAUSHEC, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [McMains, Christopher K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Andrews, JN (reprint author), SAUSHEC, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 81 IS 5 BP 514 EP 516 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2716.2010 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 589FY UT WOS:000277133500011 PM 20464821 ER PT J AU Fields, KB Sykes, JC Walker, KM Jackson, JC AF Fields, Karl B. Sykes, Jeannie C. Walker, Katherine M. Jackson, Jonathan C. TI Prevention of Running Injuries SO CURRENT SPORTS MEDICINE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID WARM-UP PROTOCOLS; ORTHOTIC SHOE INSERTS; LOWER-LIMB INJURY; OF-THE-LITERATURE; RISK-FACTORS; PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN; RECREATIONAL RUNNERS; DISTANCE RUNNERS; SPORTS INJURIES; FITNESS PERFORMANCE AB FIELDS, K.B., J.C. SYKES, K.M. WALKER, and J.C. JACKSON. Prevention of running injuries. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 176-182, 2010. Evidence for preventive strategies to lessen running injuries is needed as these occur in 40%-50% of runners on an annual basis. Many factors influence running injuries, but strong evidence for prevention only exists for training modification primarily by reducing weekly mileage. Two anatomical factors-cavus feet and leg length inequality-demonstrate a link to injury. Weak evidence suggests that orthotics may lessen risk of stress fracture, but no clear evidence proves they will reduce the risk of those athletes with leg length inequality or cavus feet. This article reviews other potential injury variables, including strength, biomechanics, stretching, warm-up, nutrition, psychological factors, and shoes. Additional research is needed to determine whether interventions to address any of these will help prevent running injury. C1 [Jackson, Jonathan C.] Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Fields, KB (reprint author), Moses Cone Sports Med Ctr, 1131-C N Church St, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. EM Bert.fields@mosescone.com NR 75 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 10 U2 77 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1537-890X J9 CURR SPORT MED REP JI Curr. Sport. Med. Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181de7ec5 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 595CI UT WOS:000277587900012 PM 20463502 ER PT J AU Bowen, C Kobayashi, TT AF Bowen, Casey Kobayashi, Todd T. TI What Is Your Diagnosis? The Diagnosis: Segmental Vitiligo and En Coup de Sabre SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA; LINEAR SCLERODERMA; MORPHEA; DESTRUCTION C1 [Bowen, Casey] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. [Kobayashi, Todd T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bowen, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 2010 VL 85 IS 5 BP 230 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 604CH UT WOS:000278254400002 PM 20540411 ER PT J AU Trei, JS Johns, NM Garner, JL Noel, LB Ortman, BV Ensz, KL Johns, MC Bunning, ML Gaydos, JC AF Trei, Jill S. Johns, Natalie M. Garner, Jason L. Noel, Lawrence B. Ortman, Brian V. Ensz, Kari L. Johns, Matthew C. Bunning, Michel L. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Spread of Adenovirus to Geographically Dispersed Military Installations, May-October 2007 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; RECRUITS; ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; VACCINES; PROGRAM; ADULTS AB In mid-May 2007, a respiratory disease outbreak associated with adenovirus, serotype B14 (Ad14), was recognized at a large military basic training facility in Texas. The affected population was highly mobile; after the 6-week basic training course, trainees immediately dispersed to advanced training sites worldwide. Accordingly, enhanced surveillance and control efforts were instituted at sites receiving the most trainees. Specimens from patients with pneumonia or febrile respiratory illness were tested for respiratory pathogens by using cultures and reverse transcription-PCR. During May through October 2007, a total of 959 specimens were collected from 21 sites; 43.1% were adenovirus positive; the Ad14 serotype accounted for 95.3% of adenovirus isolates. Ad14 was identified at 8 sites in California, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, and South Korea. Ad14 spread readily to secondary sites after the initial outbreak. Military and civilian planners must consider how best to control the spread of infectious respiratory diseases in highly mobile populations traveling between diverse geographic locations. C1 [Trei, Jill S.; Johns, Natalie M.; Garner, Jason L.; Johns, Matthew C.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Noel, Lawrence B.; Ortman, Brian V.] Air Educ & Training Command, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ensz, Kari L.] Sheppard AFB, Wichita Falls, TX USA. [Bunning, Michel L.] Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Johns, NM (reprint author), USAF, Med Support Agcy, 110 Luke Ave,Rm 405, Washington, DC 20032 USA. EM natalie.johns@pentagon.af.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland FX This work was partially funded by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.3201/eid1605.091633 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 590FK UT WOS:000277209900003 PM 20409365 ER PT J AU Gheorghiade, M Follath, F Ponikowski, P Barsuk, JH Blair, JEA Cleland, JG Dickstein, K Drazner, MH Fonarow, GC Jaarsma, T Jondeau, G Sendon, JL Mebazaa, A Metra, M Nieminen, M Pang, PS Seferovic, P Stevenson, LW van Veldhuisen, DJ Zannad, F Anker, SD Rhodes, A McMurray, JJV Filippatos, G AF Gheorghiade, Mihai Follath, Ferenc Ponikowski, Piotr Barsuk, Jeffrey H. Blair, John E. A. Cleland, John G. Dickstein, Kenneth Drazner, Mark H. Fonarow, Gregg C. Jaarsma, Tiny Jondeau, Guillaume Lopez Sendon, Jose Mebazaa, Alexander Metra, Marco Nieminen, Markku Pang, Peter S. Seferovic, Petar Stevenson, Lynne W. van Veldhuisen, Dirk J. Zannad, Faiez Anker, Stefan D. Rhodes, Andrew McMurray, John J. V. Filippatos, Gerasimos TI Assessing and grading congestion in acute heart failure: a scientific statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE LA English DT Review DE Acute heart failure; Congestion; Score; Risk assessment ID WORSENING RENAL-FUNCTION; BLOOD UREA NITROGEN; LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; TISSUE DOPPLER-ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS; BEDSIDE VALSALVA MANEUVER; RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE; FILLING PRESSURES; VASOPRESSIN ANTAGONIST; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AB Patients with acute heart failure (AHF) require urgent in-hospital treatment for relief of symptoms. The main reason for hospitalization is congestion, rather than low cardiac output. Although congestion is associated with a poor prognosis, many patients are discharged with persistent signs and symptoms of congestion and/or a high left ventricular filling pressure. Available data suggest that a pre-discharge clinical assessment of congestion is often not performed, and even when it is performed, it is not done systematically because no method to assess congestion prior to discharge has been validated. Grading congestion would be helpful for initiating and following response to therapy. We have reviewed a variety of strategies to assess congestion which should be considered in the care of patients admitted with HF. We propose a combination of available measurements of congestion. Key elements in the measurement of congestion include bedside assessment, laboratory analysis, and dynamic manoeuvres. These strategies expand by suggesting a routine assessment of congestion and a pre-discharge scoring system. A point system is used to quantify the degree of congestion. This score offers a new instrument to direct both current and investigational therapies designed to optimize volume status during and after hospitalization. In conclusion, this document reviews the available methods of evaluating congestion, provides suggestions on how to properly perform these measurements, and proposes a method to quantify the amount of congestion present. C1 [Filippatos, Gerasimos] Univ Athens, Hosp Attikon, Dept Cardiol, Heart Failure Unit, Athens 12461, Greece. [Gheorghiade, Mihai; Pang, Peter S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Qual & Outcomes, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Follath, Ferenc] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Med, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ponikowski, Piotr] Mil Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Wroclaw, Poland. [Barsuk, Jeffrey H.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Hosp Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Blair, John E. A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cleland, John G.] Univ Hull, Castle Hill Hosp, Dept Acad Cardiol, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Dickstein, Kenneth] Stavanger Univ Hosp, Stavanger, Norway. [Dickstein, Kenneth] Univ Bergen, Inst Internal Med, Bergen, Norway. [Drazner, Mark H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Fonarow, Gregg C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jaarsma, Tiny] Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Groningen, Netherlands. [Jondeau, Guillaume] Hop Bichat Claude Bernard, Serv Cardiol, F-75877 Paris, France. [Lopez Sendon, Jose] Hosp Univ La Paz, Dept Cardiol, Madrid, Spain. [Mebazaa, Alexander] Hop Lariboisiere, F-75475 Paris, France. [Mebazaa, Alexander] Univ Paris Diderot, INSERM, U942, Paris, France. [Metra, Marco] Univ Brescia, Dept Cardiol, Brescia, Italy. [Nieminen, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Med, Cardiol Sect, Helsinki, Finland. [Pang, Peter S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Seferovic, Petar] Univ Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Dept Cardiol 2, Belgrade, Serbia. [Stevenson, Lynne W.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [van Veldhuisen, Dirk J.] Henri Poincare Univ Nancy, Nancy, France. [Zannad, Faiez; Anker, Stefan D.] Charite, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Dept Cardiol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Rhodes, Andrew] St George Hosp, Dept Intens Care Med, London, England. [McMurray, John J. V.] Univ Glasgow, British Heart Fdn, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Filippatos, G (reprint author), Univ Athens, Hosp Attikon, Dept Cardiol, Heart Failure Unit, Rimini 1, Athens 12461, Greece. EM geros@otenet.gr RI van Veldhuisen, Dirk Jan/E-8967-2014; Lainscak, Mitja/F-3237-2015; Ponikowski, Piotr/O-6454-2015 OI Ponikowski, Piotr/0000-0002-3391-7064 NR 110 TC 180 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1388-9842 J9 EUR J HEART FAIL JI Eur. J. Heart Fail. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq045 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 587MW UT WOS:000276997600003 PM 20354029 ER PT J AU Reeder, MF Crafton, JW Estevadeordal, J DeLapp, J McNiel, C Peltier, D Reynolds, T AF Reeder, Mark F. Crafton, Jim W. Estevadeordal, Jordi DeLapp, Joseph McNiel, Charles Peltier, Don Reynolds, Tina TI Clean seeding for flow visualization and velocimetry measurements SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB Flow visualization, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) are among the most useful tools available for experimental aerodynamics studies. Implementation of these techniques, however, requires that seed material be introduced into the flow. The undesirable qualities of the seeding material often prevent the use of flow visualization and velocimetry techniques in many test environments. This is particularly true for large-scale, closed-circuit tunnels where facility operators must weigh the risks of facility contamination, sensor damage, and safety concerns that might result from the introduction of seed particles. Identification of a practical clean seeding material that minimizes or eliminates these concerns would enable flow visualization and velocimetry techniques to be deployed in these facilities. Here, we demonstrate two seeding systems that have the potential to provide such a solution. The first system is a new concept which uses liquid carbon dioxide that can be made to form discrete particles as it expands from a high-pressure tank. PIV measurements are demonstrated in several flows, including supersonic and subsonic tunnels, using these residue-free seed particles. The second system utilizes a combination of steam and liquid nitrogen to produce an aerosol or fog that serves as flow seeding. Water- or steam-based seeding has been previously demonstrated for flow visualization in subsonic tunnels; here however, we utilize this seed material for PIV and LDV measurements as well as for flow visualization in a large supersonic tunnel. C1 [Reeder, Mark F.; DeLapp, Joseph; McNiel, Charles; Peltier, Don; Reynolds, Tina] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crafton, Jim W.; Estevadeordal, Jordi] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Reeder, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.reeder@afit.edu; jwcrafton@innssi.com NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 889 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s00348-009-0784-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 581EZ UT WOS:000276505600013 ER PT J AU Dewey, SC Whetstone, ZD Kearfott, KJ AF Dewey, S. C. Whetstone, Z. D. Kearfott, K. J. TI A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR THE CALIBRATION OF IN SITU GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY SYSTEMS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calibration; detector, germanium; radioactivity, environmental; spectrometry, gamma ID SALT-MARSH ENVIRONMENTS; GERMANIUM DETECTORS; SPECTROMETRY; SOIL; EFFICIENCY; DEPOSIT AB High purity germanium in situ gamma ray spectroscopy systems are typically calibrated using pre-calculated tables and empirical formulas to estimate the response of a detector to an exponentially distributed source in a soil matrix. Although this method is effective, it has estimated uncertainties of 10-15%, is limited to only a restricted set of measurement scenarios, and the approach only applies to an exponentially distributed source. In addition, the only soil parameters that can be varied are density and moisture content, while soil attenuation properties are fixed. This paper presents a more flexible method for performing such calibrations. For this new method, a three- or four-dimensional analytical expression is derived that is a combination of a theoretical equation and experimentally measured data. Numerical methods are used to integrate this expression, which approximates the response of a detector to a large variety of source distributions within any soil, concrete, or other matrix. The calculation method is flexible enough to allow for the variation of multiple parameters, including media attenuation properties and the measurement geometry. The method could easily be adapted to horizontally non-uniform sources as well. Detector responses are calculated analytically and Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations are used to verify the results. Results indicate that the method adds an uncertainty of only approximately 5% to the other uncertainties typically associated with the calibration of a detector system. Health Phys. 98(5):657-671; 2010 C1 [Whetstone, Z. D.; Kearfott, K. J.] Univ Michigan, Radiol Hlth Engn Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dewey, S. C.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Occupat Environm Hlth Div, Hlth Phys Branch,Radiat Anal Labs, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Kearfott, KJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Radiol Hlth Engn Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd,1906 Cooley Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kearfottk@hotmail.com RI Kearfott, Kimberlee/G-2467-2014 OI Kearfott, Kimberlee/0000-0002-8698-0913 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 98 IS 5 BP 657 EP 671 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181ca8ba8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 583HA UT WOS:000276663300001 PM 20386196 ER PT J AU Marti, JK Banks, KP Song, WS AF Marti, Jon K. Banks, Kevin P. Song, Won S. TI Novel use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the diagnosis of interleukin-2 cholangiopathy SO HELLENIC JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Interleukin-2; Cholangiopathy; Acalculous cholecystitis; Hepatobiliary scintigraphy ID HIGH-DOSE INTERLEUKIN-2; CANCER; GALLBLADDER AB We report a case of interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced cholangiopathy diagnosed with the aid of hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Patient was a 32 years old, male with history of metastatic melanoma. Computed tomography (CT) upon admission demonstrated worsening of patient's metastatic lung disease with a normal appearance of the gallbladder. The patient was started on high dose IL-2 treatment for regression of his disease. Four days after IL-2 treatment was begun, the patient developed severe right upper quadrant pain and elevated liver function tests. A right upper quadrant ultrasound and surgical consultation were requested. Sonographic findings demonstrated diffuse gallbladder wall thickening, mural edema, a positive sonographic Murphy's sign, but no gallstones. The preliminary working diagnosis was acalculous cholecystitis versus IL-2 induced cholangiopathy. To clarify between these two entities, a hepatobiliary scan was obtained that demonstrated filling of the gallbladder with prompt biliary-to-bowel transit and normal liver function. In this case, the clinical presentation and history of recent IL-2 treatment were suggestive of IL-2 cholangiopathy, though the patient's co-morbidities and in-patient status raised concern for acalculous cholecystitis. Given the marked differences in treatment, hepatobiliary imaging was requested and found to be normal, making acalculous cholecystitis very unlikely. In conclusion, we believe this is the first case in which hepatobiliary scintigraphy was used to aid in the diagnosis of IL-2 induced cholangiopathy. C1 [Banks, Kevin P.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Nucl Med Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Marti, Jon K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Nucl Med Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kevin.banks@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELLENIC SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE PI THESSALONIKI PA 51 HERMU ST, THESSALONIKI, 546 23, GREECE SN 1790-5427 J9 HELL J NUCL MED JI Hell. J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY-AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 2 BP 163 EP 165 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 643WH UT WOS:000281330000010 PM 20808991 ER PT J AU Wicks, MC Norgard, JD Cushman, TN AF Wicks, Michael C. Norgard, John D. Cushman, Todd N. TI Adaptive Tomographic Sensors for Below Ground Imaging SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Herein, ground penetrating radar and tomography are combined to detect and identify hidden targets, such as underground facilities and hard and deeply buried targets. Past experiences in below-ground imaging is described, current measurement results are presented, and future plans are discussed. C1 [Wicks, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 649SX UT WOS:000281794900004 ER PT J AU Dester, GD Rothwell, EJ Havrilla, MJ AF Dester, Gary D. Rothwell, Edward J. Havrilla, Michael J. TI An Extrapolation Method for Improving Waveguide Probe Material Characterization Accuracy SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Error analysis; materials testing; microwave measurements; mode matching methods; waveguide junctions ID REFLECTION AB Waveguide probes are useful for extracting the electric and magnetic properties of material layers, but the accuracy of the results is limited by the accuracy of the theoretical model. Using more modes in the expansion of the waveguide fields produces better results, but the computational cost increases with the number of modes squared. This letter analyzes the dependence of solution accuracy on the number of modes used and, based on this, introduces an extrapolation technique that allows the number of modes to be significantly reduced with little loss of accuracy. C1 [Dester, Gary D.; Rothwell, Edward J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dester, GD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rothwell@msu.edu; michael.havrilla@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [05-S508-017-C1] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Subcontract Agreement 05-S508-017-C1. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 298 EP 300 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2010.2045600 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 591WS UT WOS:000277336500020 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI Neural Mechanisms of the Mind, Aristotle, Zadeh, and fMRI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Brain imaging; computational complexity; dynamic logic; emotions; fuzzy logic; Godel; imagination; instincts; intelligence; intuition; knowledge instinct; logic; mind; modeling fields; neural ID LEVEL INFORMATION FUSION; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; IMPROVED TRACKING; CONSCIOUSNESS; NETWORKS; REINFORCEMENT; RECOGNITION; FRAMEWORK; DYNAMICS; LANGUAGE AB Processes in the mind: perception, cognition, concepts, instincts, emotions, and higher cognitive abilities for abstract thinking, beautiful music are considered here within a neural modeling fields (NMFs) paradigm. Its fundamental mathematical mechanism is a process "from vague-fuzzy to crisp," called dynamic logic (DL). This paper discusses why this paradigm is necessary mathematically, and relates it to a psychological description of the mind. Surprisingly, the process from " vague to crisp" corresponds to Aristotelian understanding of mental functioning. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements confirmed this process in neural mechanisms of perception. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@seas.harvard.edu FU AFOSR [05SN02COR, 05SN03COR] FX Manuscript received June 27, 2008; revised September 30, 2009 and January 14, 2010; accepted January 14, 2010. Date of publication March 01, 2010; date of current version April 30, 2010. This work was supported in part by AFOSR under the Lab. Task 05SN02COR, PM Dr. Jon Sjogren, and Lab. Task 05SN03COR, PM Dr. Doug Cochran. NR 85 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 21 IS 5 BP 718 EP 733 DI 10.1109/TNN.2010.2041250 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 591WY UT WOS:000277337200002 PM 20199934 ER PT J AU Ding, L Melodia, T Batalama, SN Matyjas, JD Medley, MJ AF Ding, Lei Melodia, Tommaso Batalama, Stella N. Matyjas, John D. Medley, Michael J. TI Cross-Layer Routing and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ad hoc networks; cognitive radio networks; cross-layer design; dynamic spectrum allocation; routing ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; STABILITY; SYSTEMS AB Throughput maximization is one of the main challenges in cognitive radio ad hoc networks, where the availability of local spectrum resources may change from time to time and hop by hop. For this reason, a cross-layer opportunistic spectrum access and dynamic routing algorithm for cognitive radio networks is proposed, which is called the routing and dynamic spectrum-allocation (ROSA) algorithm. Through local control actions, ROSA aims to maximize the network throughput by performing joint routing, dynamic spectrum allocation, scheduling, and transmit power control. Specifically, the algorithm dynamically allocates spectrum resources to maximize the capacity of links without generating harmful interference to other users while guaranteeing a bounded bit error rate (BER) for the receiver. In addition, the algorithm aims to maximize the weighted sum of differential backlogs to stabilize the system by giving priority to higher capacity links with a high differential backlog. The proposed algorithm is distributed, computationally efficient, and has bounded BER guarantees. ROSA is shown through numerical model-based evaluation and discrete-event packet-level simulations to outperform baseline solutions, leading to a high throughput, low delay, and fair bandwidth allocation. C1 [Ding, Lei; Melodia, Tommaso; Batalama, Stella N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.; Medley, Michael J.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Matyjas, John D.; Medley, Michael J.] SUNY Coll Technol Utica, Inst Technol, Utica, NY 13502 USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM leiding@buffalo.edu; tmelodia@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil; michael.medley@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [45790] FX Manuscript receivedMay 27, 2009; revised October 20, 2009 and January 17, 2010. First published March 15, 2010; current version published May 14, 2010. This paper is based on work supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Award 45790. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-0960 date March 3, 2010. A preliminary shorter version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, 2009. The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. H. Aghvami. NR 27 TC 89 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1969 EP 1979 DI 10.1109/TVT.2010.2045403 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 596CW UT WOS:000277662600037 ER PT J AU Sueker, JJ Blazes, DL Johns, MC Blair, PJ Sjoberg, PA Tjaden, JA Montgomery, JM Pavlin, JA Schnabel, DC Eick, AA Tobias, S Quintana, M Vest, KG Burke, RL Lindler, LE Mansfield, JL Erickson, RL Russell, KL Sanchez, JL AF Sueker, J. Jeremy Blazes, David L. Johns, Matthew C. Blair, Patrick J. Sjoberg, Paul A. Tjaden, Jeffrey A. Montgomery, Joel M. Pavlin, Julie A. Schnabel, David C. Eick, Angelia A. Tobias, Steven Quintana, Miguel Vest, Kelly G. Burke, Ronald L. Lindler, Luther E. Mansfield, Jay L. Erickson, Ralph Loren Russell, Kevin L. Sanchez, Jose L. CA DoD Influenza Working Grp TI Influenza and respiratory disease surveillance: the US military's global laboratory-based network SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Review DE Influenza; military; surveillance ID BASIC TRAINEES; VACCINES; ADENOVIRUS; PERSONNEL; SYSTEM AB The US Department of Defense influenza surveillance system now spans nearly 500 sites in 75 countries, including active duty US military and dependent populations as well as host-country civilian and military personnel. This system represents a major part of the US Government's contributions to the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance Network and addresses Presidential Directive NSTC-7 to expand global surveillance, training, research and response to emerging infectious disease threats. Since 2006, the system has expanded significantly in response to rising pandemic influenza concerns. The expanded system has played a critical role in the detection and monitoring of ongoing H5N1 outbreaks worldwide as well as in the initial detection of, and response to, the current (H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic. This article describes the system, details its contributions and the critical gaps that it is filling, and discusses future plans. C1 [Sanchez, Jose L.] USAPHC Prov, Div GEIS Operat, AFHSC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Tjaden, Jeffrey A.] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Montgomery, Joel M.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Schnabel, David C.] US Army Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. [Tobias, Steven] US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Sjoberg, Paul A.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USAPHC Prov, Div GEIS Operat, AFHSC, 2900 Linden Lane,Suite 100, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM toti.sanchez@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 FU DoD Global Emerging Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS); Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) FX This study was supported by the US Military's Defense Health Program funding of the DoD Global Emerging Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC). NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00129.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 579GF UT WOS:000276356100007 ER PT J AU Chan, KS Enright, MP Moody, JP Golden, PJ Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Chan, Kwai S. Enright, Michael P. Moody, Jonathan P. Golden, Patrick J. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. TI Residual stress profiles for mitigating fretting fatigue in gas turbine engine disks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 138th TMS Annual Symposium on Mechanisms, Theory, Experiments and Industrial Practice in Fatigue CY 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE Fretting; Fatigue; Residual stress; Probabilistic methods; Low plasticity burnishing; Engine disks ID FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; MECHANICS AB The driving force for fretting fatigue in engine disks is the contact stresses generated by fretting of the blade and the disk surfaces in the attachment region. This paper examines the use of different residual compressive stress profiles to counteract the undesirable effects of contact stresses and to mitigate fretting fatigue. A global finite-element analysis of the disk blade assembly is first performed. The contact pressure and shear traction at the attachment region are extracted from the FEM results and used to compute the contact stress distribution. The contact stresses are then combined with the residual stresses and the bulk stresses. The overall stress distribution is then utilized in a probabilistic crack growth model to predict the risk of disk failure for a military engine under simulated loading conditions. The results are used to identify the minimum residual stress profile for mitigating fretting fatigue in engine disks. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Kwai S.; Enright, Michael P.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Golden, Patrick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM kchan@swri.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.07.004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 560TW UT WOS:000274927000005 ER PT J AU Jordan, JB Naito, CJ AF Jordan, Joseph B. Naito, Clay J. TI Calculating fragment impact velocity from penetration data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Celotex (R); Depth of penetration; Experimental testing; Fragment simulating projectiles; Natural fragments AB Depth of penetration experiments were conducted with fragment simulating projectiles launched into Celotex (R) in order to develop an equation for the strike velocity as a function of the FSP mass and the depth of penetration into Celotex (R) recovery media. A powder gun launched FSPs, designed in accordance with STANAG-2920 [NATO STANAG-2920 Ballistic Test Method for Personal Armour Materials and Combat Clothing, 2nd ed., 1999.] weighing between 0.13 g and 53.78 g at striking velocities between 198 m/s and 1524 m/s. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine an empirical relationship for the strike velocity to the impact parameters of depth of penetration, fragment mass, and mean presented area. Sabot launched natural fragments weighing between 2.8 g and 15.8 g at striking velocities between 532 m/s and 1084 m/s were used to validate the equation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Naito, Clay J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Jordan, Joseph B.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Naito, CJ (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM cjn3@lehigh.edu OI Naito, Clay/0000-0003-3835-8131 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA4819-07-D-0001] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (Robert Dinan, Program Manager) for funding this work under contract FA4819-07-D-0001. The experiments were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory Ballistics Facility located at Tyndall AFB, FL. Citation of manufacturer's or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 37 IS 5 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.11.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 569QS UT WOS:000275614400007 ER PT J AU Anderson, SE Somogyi, A Haddad, TS Coughlin, EB Gadodia, G Marten, DF Ray, J Bowers, MT AF Anderson, Stanley E. Somogyi, Arpad Haddad, Timothy S. Coughlin, E. Bryan Gadodia, Gunjan Marten, David F. Ray, Julie Bowers, Michael T. TI ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry of large POSS oligomers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS); POSS; MALDI; Hybrid inorganic/organic ID ION MOBILITY; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SILSESQUIOXANES POSS; UV-MALDI; POLYHEDRAL OLIGOSILSESQUIOXANES; HYDROLYTIC CONDENSATION; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; CAPPING AGENTS; G-QUADRUPLEXES AB A series of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) propylmethacrylate (PMA) and styryl oligomers were prepared from PUSS monomers, R(7)R'Si(8)O(12), containing 1 functional R' group for polymerization and 7 inert R-groups where R = isobutyl (i-butyl), phenyl (Ph), cyclohexyl (Cy) or cyclopentyl (Cp). Both standard atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and free radical syntheses, the latter employing azoisobutylnitrile as the free radical initiator were used in the syntheses. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra were obtained in a new matrix, 4,4'-dihydroxyoctafluoroazobenzene which was especially designed for insoluble and intractable polymeric materials. Well-resolved series of oligomers were observed out to n = similar to 13 in both the linear and reflectron modes. Major peaks were assigned based on tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) fragmentation patterns to give a consistent explanation of the observed spectra. In all cases, ionization of the ATRP products gave canonized parent ions in which the terminal Br atom was replaced by hydrogen. Additional observed peaks were due to loss of POSS side chains from the oligomer backbone. The free radical products were terminated with either one or two isobutylnitrile groups. Electrospray ionization (ESI) spectra were more complex than the MALDI-TOF but showed either identical parent ions or closely related hydroxylated parent ions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bowers, Michael T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Anderson, Stanley E.; Marten, David F.; Ray, Julie] Westmont Coll, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA. [Somogyi, Arpad] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Coughlin, E. Bryan; Gadodia, Gunjan] UMass, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Bowers, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bowers@chem.ucsb.edu RI Anderson, Stanley/J-8812-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-03-1-0046]; NSF [DMR-0239475]; NAS/NRC FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant F49620-03-1-0046 (M.T.B.) and NSF under grant DMR-0239475 (E.B.C.) are gratefully acknowledged for support of this work. We also thank the NAS/NRC Senior Associateship Program for fellowship support of S.E.A. Finally we thank Christopher M. Jones of the Wysocki group at the University of Arizona for obtaining the ESI spectra reported. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 292 IS 1-3 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.02.013 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 598RE UT WOS:000277854900006 ER PT J AU Riggins, DW Moorhouse, DJ Camberos, JA AF Riggins, David W. Moorhouse, David J. Camberos, Jose A. TI Characterization of Aerospace Vehicle Performance and Mission Analysis Using Thermodynamic Availability SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOWFIELD COMPUTATIONS; HYPERSONIC ENGINES; WAKE INTEGRATION; THRUST LOSSES; METHODOLOGY; PROPULSION AB The fundamental relationship between entropy and aerospace vehicle and mission performance is analyzed in terms of the general availability rate balance between force-based vehicle performance, available energy associated with expended propellant, and the overall loss rate of availability, including the vehicle wake. The availability relationship for a vehicle is analytically combined with the vehicle equations of motion; this combination yields the balance between on-board energy rate usage and rates of changes in kinetic and potential energies of the vehicle and overall rate of entropy production. This result is then integrated over time for a general aerospace mission; as examples, simplified single-stage-to-orbit rocket-powered and air-breathing missions are analyzed. Examination of rate of availability loss for the general case of an accelerating, climbing aerospace vehicle provides a powerful loss superposition principle in terms of the separate evaluation and combination of loss rates for the same vehicle in cruise, acceleration, and climb. Rate of availability losses is also examined in terms of separable losses associated with the propulsion system and external aerodynamics. These loss terms are cast in terms of conventional parameters such as drag coefficient and engine specific impulse. Finally, rate losses in availability for classes of vehicles are described. C1 [Riggins, David W.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Moorhouse, David J.; Camberos, Jose A.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Riggins, DW (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for partial support for this work during the summer of 2007, 2008, and 2009, as well as Thomas Curran for his long-standing and continual support of fundamental analytical work in the area of availability. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 904 EP 916 DI 10.2514/1.46420 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 611PL UT WOS:000278831800017 ER PT J AU Missoum, S Dribusch, C Beran, P AF Missoum, Samy Dribusch, Christoph Beran, Philip TI Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Nonlinear Aeroelasticity Problems SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATIONS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; AIRFOIL; BIFURCATION; FLUTTER AB This paper introduces a methodology for the reliability-based design optimization of systems with nonlinear aeroelastic constraints. The approach is based on the construction of explicit flutter and subcritical limit cycle oscillation boundaries in terms of deterministic and random design variables. The boundaries are constructed using a support vector machine that provides a way to efficiently evaluate probabilities of failure and solve the reliability-based design optimization problem. Another major advantage of the approach is that it efficiently manages the discontinuities that might appear during subcritical limit cycle oscillations. The proposed approach is applied to the construction of flutter and subcritical limit cycle oscillation boundaries for a two-degree-of-freedom airfoil with nonlinear stiffnesses. The solution of a reliability-based design optimization problem with a constraint on the probability of subcritical limit cycle oscillation is also provided. C1 [Missoum, Samy; Dribusch, Christoph] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Design & Anal Methods Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Missoum, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0800117]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The support of the National Science Foundation (award CMMI-0800117) is gratefully acknowledged for the research dealing with the explicit design space decomposition methodology. This research was mostly conducted in the context of a summer research program in the Air Vehicle Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base through funding from U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Fariba Fahroo, Program Manager). Support during this period is gratefully acknowledged. Also, the authors would like to acknowledge the fruitful discussions with Michael McFarland and Mohammad Kurdi. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.2514/1.46665 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 611PL UT WOS:000278831800025 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH Mattingly, JD AF Heiser, W. H. Mattingly, J. D. TI Supercruise Aircraft Range SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 [Heiser, W. H.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1066 EP 1068 DI 10.2514/1.46129 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 611PL UT WOS:000278831800034 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Huang, MQ Higgins, AK Liu, S Horwath, JC Chen, CH AF Shen, Y. Huang, M. Q. Higgins, A. K. Liu, S. Horwath, J. C. Chen, C. H. TI Preparation of PrCo5 bulk magnets using nanograin powders made by surfactant-assisted high energy milling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 18-22, 2010 CL Washington, DC AB PrCo5 nanograin powders used for making bulk magnets were produced by surfactant-assisted high energy ball milling. Using a special compaction technique at 200-525 degrees C, PrCo5 bulk magnets were successfully prepared using the nanoflake powders. This kind of bulk magnet has a cluster microstructure and is nanocrystalline. The coercivity of the bulk magnet pressed at 200 degrees C is 5.22 kOe. It is found that the density of the bulk increases with the compaction temperature. Bulk magnet density up to 92% of the theoretical value has been obtained. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3339777] C1 [Shen, Y.; Higgins, A. K.; Liu, S.; Chen, C. H.] Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Shen, Y.; Liu, S.] FutureTek Corp, Dayton, OH 45419 USA. [Huang, M. Q.; Horwath, J. C.; Chen, C. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, M. Q.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yuhui.shen@udri.udayton.edu NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 9 AR 09A722 DI 10.1063/1.3339777 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 598KC UT WOS:000277834300081 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Christy, L Huang, M Horwath, JC AF Turgut, Z. Christy, L. Huang, M. Horwath, J. C. TI Effect of copper addition on crystallization and properties of hafnium containing HITPERM alloys (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 18-22, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID (FE0.5CO0.5)(88)ZR7B4CU1 NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HF; GROWTH; NB; ZR AB This paper presents properties and nanocrystallization characteristics of HITPERM based Fe(68.8)Co(17.2)Hf(7)Cu(1)B(6) and Fe(69.6)Co(17.4)Hf(7)B(6) alloys. Both alloys differing only in copper content were subjected to series of characterizations in order to study the effect of copper. Evolution of magnetic properties as a function time has been investigated by isothermal annealing experiments and optimum annealing conditions of amorphous precursors have been reported. Resulting magnetic properties (ac and dc) measured at room temperature are presented. Nanocrystallization kinetics studied by using time dependant magnetization measurements was discussed in the framework of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model. Results of thermal stability measurements conducted in air at 500 K for up to 1000 h are reported. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3368723] C1 [Turgut, Z.; Huang, M.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Turgut, Z.; Christy, L.; Huang, M.; Horwath, J. C.] UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zafer.turgut@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 9 AR 09A327 DI 10.1063/1.3368723 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 598KC UT WOS:000277834300028 ER PT J AU Vepari, C Matheson, D Drummy, L Naik, R Kaplan, DL AF Vepari, Charu Matheson, Douglas Drummy, Larry Naik, Rajesh Kaplan, David L. TI Surface modification of silk fibroin with poly(ethylene glycol) for antiadhesion and antithrombotic applications SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE silk fibroin; poly(ethylene glycol); surface modification; cell; antiadhesion; antithrombosis ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; CYANURIC CHLORIDE; CELL-ADHESION; STEM-CELLS; FILMS; BIOMATERIALS AB Silk fibroin film surfaces were PEGylated by reaction with cyanuric chloride-activated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Reactions with different concentrations of activated PEG generated films with PEG graft densities from 0.02 to 0.4 mg per square cm of silk fibroin. Increased PEGylation resulted in increased hydrophilicity as analyzed by contact angle, and a smoother morphology based on scanning electron microscopy. Increased PEGylation decreased human IgG adsorption and decreased the attachment and proliferation of human fibroblasts over two weeks. Increased concentration of PEG on the silk fibroin surfaces also decreased the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited human platelet attachment. Surface PEGylated silk fibroin films could be useful antiadhesion and antithrombotic materials for biomedical applications when considered along with the unique mechanical and tailorable degradation profiles of silk fibroin. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 93A: 595-606, 2010 C1 [Vepari, Charu; Matheson, Douglas; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Vepari, Charu; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Drummy, Larry; Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM david.kaplan@tufts.edu FU NIH NIBIB; AFOSR FX Contract grant sponsors: NIH NIBIB [P41 Tissue Engineering Resource Center (TERC)], AFOSR NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 53 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93A IS 2 BP 595 EP 606 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.32565 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 579ET UT WOS:000276351300020 PM 19591236 ER PT J AU Denton, ML Clark, CD Foltz, MS Schuster, KJ Noojin, GD Estlack, LE Thomas, RJ AF Denton, Michael L. Clark, C. D., III Foltz, Michael S. Schuster, Kurt J. Noojin, Gary D. Estlack, Larry E. Thomas, Robert J. TI In-vitro retinal model reveals a sharp transition between laser damage mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced damage; cells; thermal effects; nonthermal effects ID INJURY; WAVELENGTH; RADIATION; EXPOSURE AB We use laser damage thresholds in an in-vitro retinal model, and computational simulations to examine the laser exposure durations at which damage transitions from photothermal to photochemical at 413 nm. Our results indicate a dramatic shift in 1-h damage thresholds between exposure durations of 60 and 100 s. The trend in our in-vitro results is similar to a trend found in a recent study where retinal lesions were assessed 1-h post laser exposure in the rhesus eye Our data suggest that nonthermal mechanisms did not significantly contribute to cell death, even for exposures of 60 s. Knowledge of the transition point, and lack of concurrent thermal and nonthermal damage processes, are significant for those wishing to devise a comprehensive computational damage model. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3449107] C1 [Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Denton, Michael L.; Clark, C. D., III; Foltz, Michael S.; Schuster, Kurt J.; Noojin, Gary D.] TASC Inc, Biomed Sci & Technol Dept, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Estlack, Larry E.] Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711 HPW RHDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F41624-02-D-7003]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [92HE04COR] FX Any opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are not necessarily endorsed by the U. S. Air Force. We thank C. Burney, B. Stuck, T. Khan, and D. Wooddell for helpful discussions regarding the manuscript. We would also like to thank H. Hodnett and D. Stolarski for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (contract F41624-02-D-7003) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant 92HE04COR). NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 AR 030512 DI 10.1117/1.3449107 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 635GF UT WOS:000280642900008 PM 20614995 ER PT J AU Anderson, WS Polanka, MD Zelina, J Evans, DS Stouffer, SD Justinger, GR AF Anderson, Wesly S. Polanka, Marc D. Zelina, Joseph Evans, Dave S. Stouffer, Scott D. Justinger, Garth R. TI Effects of a Reacting Cross-Stream on Turbine Film Cooling SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE blades; coolants; cooling; engines; gas turbines; heat transfer; plates (structures); thermal analysis AB Film cooling plays a critical role in providing effective thermal protection to components in modern gas turbine engines. A significant effort has been undertaken over the last 40 years to improve the distribution of coolant and to ensure that the airfoil is protected by this coolant from the hot gases in the freestream. This film, under conditions with high fuel-air ratios, may actually be detrimental to the underlying metal. The presence of unburned fuel from an upstream combustor may interact with this oxygen rich film coolant jet resulting in secondary combustion. The completion of the reactions can increase the gas temperature locally resulting in higher heat transfer to the airfoil directly along the path line of the film coolant jet. This secondary combustion could damage the turbine blade, resulting in costly repair, reduction in turbine life, or even engine failure. However, knowledge of film cooling in a reactive flow is very limited. The current study explores the interaction of cooling flow from typical cooling holes with the exhaust of a fuel-rich well-stirred reactor operating at high temperatures over a flat plate. Surface temperatures, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for a variety of reactor fuel-to-air ratios, cooling hole geometries, and blowing ratios. Emphasis is placed on the difference between a normal cylindrical hole, an inclined cylindrical hole, and a fan-shaped cooling hole. When both air and nitrogen are injected through the cooling holes, the changes in surface temperature can be directly correlated with the presence of the reaction. Photographs of the localized burning are presented to verify the extent and locations of the reaction. C1 [Anderson, Wesly S.; Polanka, Marc D.; Zelina, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Evans, Dave S.] USN, NAS, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Stouffer, Scott D.; Justinger, Garth R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Anderson, WS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2010 VL 132 IS 5 AR 051501 DI 10.1115/1.3204616 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 564UR UT WOS:000275243800002 ER PT J AU Powell, M Bailey, J Maggio, LA AF Powell, Matthew Bailey, Justin Maggio, Lauren A. TI How should you manage children born to hepatitis C-positive women? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; NATURAL-HISTORY; VIRUS-INFECTION; HCV INFECTION; MOTHERS C1 [Powell, Matthew; Bailey, Justin] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Maggio, Lauren A.] Stanford Univ, Lane Lib, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Powell, M (reprint author), USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 59 IS 5 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 796XP UT WOS:000293087100013 PM 20544050 ER PT J AU Doman, DB Oppenheimer, MW Sigthorsson, DO AF Doman, David B. Oppenheimer, Michael W. Sigthorsson, David O. TI Wingbeat Shape Modulation for Flapping-Wing Micro-Air-Vehicle Control During Hover SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 10-13, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID BIOMIMETIC ROBOTIC INSECTS; FLIGHT; AERODYNAMICS; KINEMATICS; DESIGN AB A new method of controlling a flapping-wing micro air vehicle by varying the velocity profiles of the wing strokes is presented in this manuscript. An exhaustive theoretical analysis along with simulation results show that this new method, called split-cycle constant-period frequency modulation, is capable of providing independent control over vertical and horizontal body forces as well as rolling and yawing moments using only two physical actuators, whose oscillatory motion is defined by four parameters. An actuated bob-weight is introduced to enable independent control of pitching moment. A general method for deriving sensitivities of cycle-averaged forces and moments to changes in wingbeat kinematic parameters is provided, followed by an analytical treatment for a case where the angle of attack of each wing is passively regulated and the motion of the wing spar in the stroke plane is driven by a split-cycle waveform. These sensitivities are used in the formulation of a cycle-averaged control law that successfully stabilizes and controls two different simulation models of the aircraft. One simulation model is driven by instantaneous aerodynamic forces derived from blade-element theory, while the other is driven by an empirical representation of an unsteady aerodynamic model that was derived from experiments. C1 [Doman, David B.; Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Sigthorsson, David O.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doman, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, 2210,8th St,Suite 21, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Sigthorsson@afmcx.net NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 724 EP 739 DI 10.2514/1.47146 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 597LY UT WOS:000277760000007 ER PT J AU Lair, AV AF Lair, Alan V. TI A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of large solutions to sublinear elliptic systems SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Sublinear elliptic system; Large solution; Entire solution ID LARGE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS; EQUATIONS AB We prove that the elliptic system Delta u = p(vertical bar x vertical bar)v(alpha), Delta v = q(vertical bar x vertical bar)u(beta) on R(n) (n >= 3) where 0 < alpha <= 1, 0 < beta <= 1, and p and q are nonnegative continuous functions has a nonnegative entire radial solution satisfying lim(vertical bar x vertical bar ->infinity) u(x) = lim(vertical bar x vertical bar ->infinity) v(x) = infinity if and only if the functions p and q satisfy integral(infinity)(0) tp(t) (t(2-n) integral(t)(0) s(n-3) Q(s)ds)(alpha) dt = infinity, integral(infinity)(0) tp(t) (t(2-n) integral(t)(0) s(n-3) P(s)ds)(beta) dt = infinity with P(r) = for integral(r)(0) tau p(tau)d tau and Q(r) = integral(r)(0) tau q(tau)d tau. This extends previous existence results for both the single equation and systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.Lair@afit.edu NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 365 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.10.026 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 549OE UT WOS:000274061800012 ER PT J AU Nylund, CM Denson, LA Noel, JM AF Nylund, Cade M. Denson, Lee A. Noel, James M. TI Bacterial Enteritis as a Risk Factor for Childhood Intussusception: A Retrospective Cohort Study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; ADENOVIRUS INFECTION; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; US INFANTS; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; CIRCUMCISION; DIARRHEA; AUSTRALIA AB Objective To assess the relationship between bacterial enteritis and intussusception. Study design The Patient Administration Systems and Biostatistics Activity database from January 2002 to December 2005 was examined for clinic visits or hospital admission to a Department of Defense medical facility for children age 0-5 years. The study included the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems diagnosis-related group (DRG) codes for infections with Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Shigella species, Salmonella species, and Campylobacter. Identified patients were then assessed for the intussusception DRG code for 0-180 days postinfection. The total number of children enrolled in military treatment facilities in the same age group (denominator) was obtained. Results Bacterial enteritis significantly increased the relative risk of intussusception. An increased risk was found following infection with Salmonella, E coli, Shigella, and Campylobacter. The relative risk for intussusception following any bacterial enteritis was 40.6 (95% confidence interval = 28.6-57.5; P < .0001). Conclusions Bacterial enteritis is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of intussusception in children. (J Pediatr 2010; 156: 761-5). C1 [Nylund, Cade M.; Denson, Lee A.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Nylund, Cade M.] USAF, Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Noel, James M.] Univ New Mexico, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nylund, CM (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, ML 2010,3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM cade.nylund@cchmc.org OI Nylund, Cade/0000-0003-4543-6804 FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000077] NR 55 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 156 IS 5 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.11.026 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 581LW UT WOS:000276525600017 PM 20138300 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In-Yup Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline/Polyaniline Grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Mixture via In Situ Static Interfacial Polymerization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE conducting polymers; interfaces; nanocomposites ID POLYANILINE NANOFIBERS; DOPED POLYANILINE; CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; FACILE SYNTHESIS; ACID; FUNCTIONALIZATION; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; ROUTE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB The mixture of polyaniline (PANi) and PANi grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (PANi-g-MWNT) was prepared by a two-step reaction sequence. MWNT was first functionalized with 4-aminobenzoic acid via "direct" Firedel-Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P(2)O(5)) medium to afford 4-aminobenzoyl-functionalized MWNT (AFMWNT). Then, aniline was polymerized via an in situ static interfacial polymerization in H(2)O/CH(2)Cl(2) in the presence of AFMWNT in organic phase to yield the mixture of PANi and PANi-g-MWNT. The mixture was characterized with a various analytical techniques such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammogram (CV), UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, and electrical conductivity measurement. On the basis of TGA analysis, the thermo-oxidative stability of the mixture was markably improved compared to that of PANi homopolymer. Even after dedoping, in alkaline solution, the mixture would still display semimetallic conductivity (4.9 S/cm). The capacitance of the mixture was also greatly enhanced and its capacitance decay with respect to cycle times was significantly reduced. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1962-1972, 2010 C1 [Jeon, In-Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan 689801, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Energy Engn, 194 Banyeon, Ulsan 689801, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU National Research Foundation (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD) FX This project was supported by funding from World Class University (WCU) program supported by National Research Foundation (NRF) and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea, US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R&D (AFOSR-AOARD). NR 64 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1962 EP 1972 DI 10.1002/pola.23963 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 587UC UT WOS:000277017800013 ER PT J AU Lin, KC Ryan, M Carter, C Gruber, M Raffoul, C AF Lin, Kuo-Cheng Ryan, Michael Carter, Campbell Gruber, Mark Raffoul, Charbel TI Raman Scattering Measurements of Gaseous Ethylene Jets in Mach 2 Supersonic Crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TRANSVERSE INJECTION; PENETRATION; STREAM AB The structures of sonic ethylene jets delivered from orifices of three different diameters and two injection angles (30 and 90 deg) into a Mach 2 supersonic crossflow were studied experimentally. The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the largest and smallest injectors is 25:1. Time-averaged spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering was used to quantify injectant concentrations by constructing two-dimensional spanwise concentration images from the one-dimensional linewise Raman scattering images. Based on the present data set, new penetration height correlations were developed to treat cases with injection angles of both 30 and 90 deg. Excluding the influence of wall boundary layer, the present measurements show that the properties of fuel plume structures, such as shape, size, and concentration profiles, are scalable with the injector size. The measured ethylene concentrations were also compared with predictions from the revised jet penetration code, which was calibrated primarily with hydrogen and helium. Discrepancies were observed between the measurements and the jet penetration code predictions for the structures of ethylene fuel plumes. The experimental data generated from the present study can be used to validate the numerical simulations. C1 [Lin, Kuo-Cheng] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Ryan, Michael] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Carter, Campbell; Gruber, Mark; Raffoul, Charbel] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, KC (reprint author), Taitech Inc, 1430 Oak Court,Suite 301, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. EM Kuo-Cheng.Lin@wpatb.af.mil NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.2514/1.43757 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 602CJ UT WOS:000278115600015 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, Saba TI Remarks on the radiative transfer approach to scattering of electromagnetic waves in layered random media SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Random media; Rough surfaces; Radiative transfer; Multilayer; Wave approach ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; COHERENCE; INTERFACE; RADIOMETRY; SYSTEMS; FIELD; MODEL AB The radiative transfer (RT) approach is widely used in applications involving scattering from layered random media with rough interfaces. Although it has been successful in several applications in various disciplines it is well known that this approach involves certain approximations. In this paper these assumptions and approximations are reexamined. To enable this a statistical wave approach is employed to this problem and the governing equations for the first and second moments of the wave functions are derived. A transition is hence made to arrive at a system of equations corresponding to that of the RT approach. It is hence found that more conditions are implicitly involved in the RT approach than generally believed to be sufficient. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@hanscom.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The author thanks the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 111 IS 7-8 BP 1015 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.12.001 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 576DN UT WOS:000276124500007 ER PT J AU Okumura, T Cho, M Inguimbert, V Payan, D Vayner, B Ferguson, DC AF Okumura, Teppei Cho, Mengu Inguimbert, Virginie Payan, Denis Vayner, Boris Ferguson, Dale C. TI International Round-Robin Tests on Solar Cell Degradation Due to Electrostatic Discharge SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT AB Primary discharge occurs on solar arrays due to their interaction with the space plasma. A solar cell may suffer degradation of electrical performance if the primary discharge occurs at the cell edge. To estimate the power generated at the end of life, it is necessary to study the details of solar cell degradation. However, throughout the world, primary discharge has not been recognized as a cause of solar cell degradation. There is now an international collaboration among institutions in Japan, France, and the United States toward a common international standardization of solar array electrostatic discharge test methods. Round-robin tests were carried out as part of this collaborative research. Laboratory experiments were performed at the same time in three institutions using the same test method and identical solar cells. Solar cell degradation was confirmed at all three institutions. It was found that a multijunction solar cell is more susceptible to damage from primary discharge than a crystalline silicon solar cell. Throughout the round-robin tests, discharge has been shown to be a significant cause of solar cell degradation. C1 [Okumura, Teppei] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aerosp Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Cho, Mengu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Inguimbert, Virginie] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Space Environm Dept, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Payan, Denis] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Spacecraft Technol Design & Integrat Dept, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Vayner, Boris] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Ferguson, Dale C.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Okumura, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aerosp Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. EM teppei@jaxa.jp; cho@ele.kyutech.ac.jp; inguimbert@onera.fr; denis.payan@cnes.fr; boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov; dale.ferguson@kirtland.af.mil FU New Energy Industrial Comprehensive Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan FX This research is carried out as part of the International Joint Research Program (05IS084) supported by the New Energy Industrial Comprehensive Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan. We extend our appreciation to K. Toyoda at Kyushu Institute of Technology, A. Owada and Y. Takeda at Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., M. Imaizumi at Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and Jean-Chearles Meteo-Velez and Leon Levy at ON ERA/Space Environment Department for their contributions to the discharge test. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.2514/1.47929 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 610QK UT WOS:000278749100014 ER PT J AU Bulutoglu, DA Kaziska, DM AF Bulutoglu, Dursun A. Kaziska, David M. TI Improved WLP and GWP lower bounds based on exact integer programming SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Exact integer programming; Fractional factorial designs; Generalized minimum aberration; Minimum aberration; Weak minimum aberration ID FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL-DESIGNS; RESOLUTION-IV; MINIMUM ABERRATION; ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS; CONSTRUCTION AB By using exact integer programming (IP) (integer programming in infinite precision) bounds on the word-length patterns (WLPs) and generalized word-length patterns (GWPs) for fractional factorial designs are improved. In the literature, bounds on WLPs are formulated as linear programming (LP) problems. Although the solutions to such problems must be integral, the optimization is performed without the integrality constraints. Two examples of this approach are bounds on the number of words of length four for resolution IV regular designs, and a lower bound for the GWP of two-level orthogonal arrays. We reformulate these optimization problems as IP problems with additional valid constraints in the literature and improve the bounds in many cases. We compare the improved bound to the enumeration results in the literature to find many cases for which our bounds are achieved. By using the constraints in our integer programs we prove that f(16 lambda,2,4)<= 9 if lambda is odd where f(2(t)lambda,2,t) is the maximum n for which an OA(N,n,2,t) exists. We also present a theorem for constructing GMA CA(N, N/2 - u, 2,3) for u = 1, ..., 5. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bulutoglu, Dursun A.; Kaziska, David M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaziska, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dursun.bulutoglu@afit.edu; david.kaziska@afit.edu FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FIATA06334J001] FX The authors thank Dr. D.C. Espinoza for providing his executable files for exact integer programming. This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant FIATA06334J001. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1161 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2009.10.013 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 558QF UT WOS:000274758900005 ER PT J AU Harte, JA AF Harte, Jennifer A. TI Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions An update for dentistry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Infection control; Standard Precautions; Transmission-Based Precautions; Contact Precautions; Droplet Precautions; Airborne Precautions ID HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; PREVENTION AB Background. Standard Precautions are the foundation of all infection control programs and include infection control practices that apply to all patients and situations regardless of whether the infection status is suspected, confirmed or unknown. Methods. The author reviewed Standard Precautions, including two new elements introduced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2007: safe injection practices and respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. Standard Precautions sometimes are referred to as the first tier of precautions because for some diseases and circumstances, transmission cannot be interrupted completely with Standard Precautions alone and it is necessary to use second-tier Transmission-Based Precautions. The author reviewed the three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions Airborne, Droplet and Contact with an emphasis on their use in dental health care outpatient settings. Conclusions and Clinical implications. Dental health care personnel (DHCP) should update their infection control programs to ensure that safe injection practices and respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette measures are used routinely. In addition, with the emergence of new pathogens, re-emergence of variant organisms and more patients seeking care in ambulatory care facilities, DHCP need to be aware of additional measures to take when treating patients in their offices who are actively infected with certain organisms to protect fully other patients, their staff members and themselves. C1 [Harte, Jennifer A.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Harte, Jennifer A.] USAF, Dent Corps, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Harte, JA (reprint author), USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM jennifer.harte@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 141 IS 5 BP 572 EP 581 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 594KV UT WOS:000277537500025 PM 20436107 ER PT J AU Rispoli, DM Horne, BR Kryzak, TJ Richardson, MW AF Rispoli, Damian M. Horne, Brandon R. Kryzak, Thomas J. Richardson, Mark W. TI Description of a Technique for Vacuum-Assisted Deep Drains in the Management of Cavitary Defects and Deep Infections in Devastating Military and Civilian Trauma SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Vacuum-assisted closure; Negative-pressure wound therapy; War; Cavitary; Infection ID PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY; SOFT-TISSUE INJURIES; CLOSURE THERAPY; SKIN-GRAFTS; EXPERIENCE; FLUID; FIBRONECTIN; SURGERY; DEVICE AB Background: Deep soft-tissue defects often present in high-energy trauma and during the surgical treatment of infection. Injuries caused by high-velocity projectiles can create deep soft-tissue defects that are challenging to manage. Persistent, deep wound cavities have been associated with infection and prolonged wound healing. This article presents a technique that marries vacuum-assisted wound closure technology with traditional drains to allow for management of deep soft-tissue cavities. Methods: A deep drain was placed in the cavitary lesion with application of a negative-pressure wound therapy sponge in the standard fashion. The deep drain was brought into the sponge and fenestrated as to allow the sponge to evacuate the deep drain. Several illustrative cases are presented. Results: Conversion of deep cavitary defects to superficial defects allowed for delayed primary or secondary closure of the wound defects without the need for increasing the size of the superficial wound to facilitate drainage. Deep infection was also successfully controlled without incurring the additional surgical soft-tissue trauma typical of standard technique. Conclusions: The use of the active deep suction decreases edema and dead space, theoretically reducing the chance of infection. It also prevents premature walling off of deeper cavities, which can occur with the use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy on superficial defects. Our method of wound management allows for the reduction of the deep cavitary defects without delaying wound closure or creating more tissue damage. C1 [Rispoli, Damian M.; Kryzak, Thomas J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Horne, Brandon R.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Richardson, Mark W.] Wellspan Hlth, Dept Orthopaed, York, PA USA. RP Rispoli, DM (reprint author), 59MDW SGO40,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78326 USA. EM damian.rispoli@lackland.af.mil NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2010 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1252 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181d3cc3c PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 595MQ UT WOS:000277615200034 PM 20453774 ER PT J AU Hunter, CN Check, MH Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Hunter, C. N. Check, M. H. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Electrostatic quadrupole plasma mass spectrometer measurements during thin film depositions using simultaneous matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation and magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article DE argon; carbon; encapsulation; gas mixtures; impurities; mass spectroscopy; nanocomposites; nanostructured materials; oxygen; plasma materials processing; pulsed laser deposition; scanning electron microscopy; sputtered coatings; thin films; transmission electron microscopy; vacuum deposition; X-ray chemical analysis; X-ray photoelectron spectra ID MAPLE TECHNIQUE; OXYGEN AB A hybrid plasma deposition process, combining matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) of carbon nanopearls (CNPs) with magnetron sputtering of gold was investigated for growth of composite films, where 100 nm sized CNPs were encapsulated into a gold matrix. Composition and morphology of such composite films was characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Carbon deposits on a gold magnetron sputter target and carbon impurities in the gold matrices of deposited films were observed while codepositing from gold and frozen toluene-CNP MAPLE targets in pure argon. Electrostatic quadrupole plasma analysis was used to determine that a likely mechanism for generation of carbon impurities was a reaction between toluene vapor generated from the MAPLE target and the argon plasma originating from the magnetron sputtering process. Carbon impurities of codeposited films were significantly reduced by introducing argon-oxygen mixtures into the deposition chamber; reactive oxygen species such as O and O+ effectively removed carbon contamination of gold matrix during the codeposition processes. Increasing the oxygen to argon ratio decreased the magnetron target sputter rate, and hence hybrid process optimization to prevent gold matrix contamination and maintain a high sputter yield is needed. High resolution TEM with energy dispersive spectrometry elemental mapping was used to study carbon distribution throughout the gold matrix as well as embedded CNP clusters. This research has demonstrated that a hybrid MAPLE and magnetron sputtering codeposition process is a viable means for synthesis of composite thin films from premanufactured nanoscale constituents, and that cross-process contaminations can be overcome with understanding of hybrid plasma process interaction mechanisms. C1 [Hunter, C. N.; Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Check, M. H.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45532 USA. RP Hunter, CN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chad.hunter@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1116/1.3372401 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 590QK UT WOS:000277241900007 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Ullrich, B Grazulis, L Elhamri, S Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Haugan, H. J. Ullrich, B. Grazulis, L. Elhamri, S. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Optical and electrical quality improvements of undoped InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY AUG 09-12, 2009 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ SP City Coll New York, Riber, Veeco, AVS Sci & Technol Mat, Interfaces & Proc, Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Res Ctr, MIRTHE HO Princeton Univ DE annealing; carrier density; carrier mobility; dark conductivity; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; photoluminescence; semiconductor superlattices; surface morphology ID II SUPERLATTICES; OPERATING TEMPERATURE AB The performance and operating temperature of infrared (IR) detectors are largely limited by thermal generation and noise processes in the active region of the device. Particularly, excess background charge carriers enhance dark currents and depress the detector figures of merit. Therefore, reducing the overall defects and background carriers in the undoped region of p-i-n diodes is an important issue for developing high-operating temperature IR detectors. In this article, the authors discuss how several postgrowth annealing conditions and interface shutter sequences are optimized to reduce the density of nonradiative defect trap centers and background carriers and studied their relevance to the photoluminescence (PL) emission qualities of typical mid-IR InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs). Among the several in situ postgrowth annealing temperatures investigated, the SLs annealed at 450 degrees C had the highest carrier density and the lowest PL intensity, while the SLs annealed at 475 degrees C had the lowest carrier density and the highest PL intensity. In situ annealing did not change the carrier type, but slightly reduced the carrier densities as compared to the as-grown SL sample of 1.8x10(11) cm(-2). While in situ annealing improves the surface morphological quality and the PL intensity, ex situ annealing creates many surface pits and significantly reduces the PL intensity. The carrier density was sensitive to the variation in interface composition control. With a minor variation in the interface shutter sequence, the carrier density dramatically increased from similar to 2x10(11) to 5x10(12) cm(-2), and the corresponding mobility decreased from 6600 to 26 cm(-2)/V s, indicating a degradation of the interfacial quality. All of the SL samples investigated for this study were p-type. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3273940] C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Grazulis, L.; Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 DI 10.1116/1.3273940 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 603BK UT WOS:000278182700055 ER PT J AU Propper, BW Rasmussen, TE Jones, WT Gifford, SM Burkhardt, GE Clouse, WD AF Propper, Brandon W. Rasmussen, Todd E. Jones, W. Tracey Gifford, Shaun M. Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Clouse, W. Darrin TI Temporal changes of aortic neck morphology in abdominal aortic aneurysms SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID EXPANSION RATE; REPAIR; SURVEILLANCE; RUPTURE AB Objectives: This study characterized temporal changes in the infrarenal aortic aneurysm neck in patients with small, untreated abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Methods: Patients with infrarenal AAA who had contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans separated by >6 months were identified and their images reviewed. Infrarenal neck diameter and length were measured along with aneurysm diameter. Comparisons between the interval CT scans were made and analysis of factors affecting neck changes performed. Results: Sixty patients met inclusion criteria with an imaging interval of 3.8 years (median, 3.4 years; range, 0.75-9.6 years). During the interval, there was an increase in proximal and distal neck diameters of 1.1 mm (SD, 2.2) (0.28 mm/y) and 1.0 mm (SD, 3.0) (0.26 mm/y), respectively. During the same interval, the neck length decreased by 4 mm (SD, 11) (1 mm/y). A neck length of <15 mm was present in 10 patients (17%) at the initial imaging. Four of the remaining 50 patients experienced an interval decrease in neck length to <15 mm, all of whom had initial lengths of 15 to 20 mm. Medications had no association with changes in neck morphology; however, diabetes correlated with a slower rate of neck shortening (P=.001). Conclusion:The natural history of the aneurysm neck is one of expansion and shortening that will not affect most patients under surveillance. Patients with marginal neck lengths (range, 15-20 mm) at the initial imaging are more likely to experience loss of neck length that may negatively affect endovascular suitability. (J Vase Surg 2010;51:1111-5.) C1 [Propper, Brandon W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Jones, W. Tracey; Gifford, Shaun M.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Clouse, W. Darrin] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Propper, Brandon W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Jones, W. Tracey; Gifford, Shaun M.; Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Clouse, W. Darrin] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USAF MC Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.12.044 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 590HL UT WOS:000277216000006 PM 20223622 ER PT J AU Zupan, MF Walker, TB Lennemann, LM McGregor, JN Lyons, W Anderson, V Mauzy, CA AF Zupan, Michael F. Walker, Thomas B. Lennemann, Lynette M. McGregor, Julia N. Lyons, William Anderson, Vint Mauzy, Camilla A. TI Anaerobic Power Characteristics of Trainees in the Combat Controller Pipeline Training Program SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Zupan, Michael F.] USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Walker, Thomas B.; Lennemann, Lynette M.; McGregor, Julia N.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Lyons, William; Anderson, Vint] STTS, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. [Mauzy, Camilla A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.zupan@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 879 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226300261 ER PT J AU Brothers, MD Nelson, JL Doan, BK Zupan, MF Prommer, N Ryan, B Byrnes, WC AF Brothers, Michael D. Nelson, Jeffery L. Doan, Brandon K. Zupan, Michael F. Prommer, Nicole Ryan, Ben Byrnes, William C. TI Hematological Acclimatization and De-acclimatization of Former Sea Level Residents Exposed Chronically (46wks) to Moderate Altitude SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Brothers, Michael D.; Nelson, Jeffery L.; Doan, Brandon K.; Zupan, Michael F.] USAF Acad, USAFA Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Prommer, Nicole] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. [Ryan, Ben; Byrnes, William C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.brothers@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 1040 BP 142 EP 143 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226300403 ER PT J AU Ryan, BJ Brothers, MD Nelson, JL Doan, BK Zupan, MF Prommer, N Byrnes, WC AF Ryan, Benjamin J. Brothers, Michael D. Nelson, Jeffrey L. Doan, Brandon K. Zupan, Michael F. Prommer, Nicole Byrnes, William C. TI Stability of Hemoglobin Mass at Moderate Altitude in Acclimatized USAFA Cadets SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Ryan, Benjamin J.; Byrnes, William C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brothers, Michael D.; Nelson, Jeffrey L.; Doan, Brandon K.; Zupan, Michael F.] USAF Acad, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Byrnes, William C.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 1039 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226300402 ER PT J AU LaChapelle, JA Grossmann, EC Thurston, D Nelson, JL Doan, BK Brothers, MD AF LaChapelle, James A. Grossmann, Elizabeth C. Thurston, Darci Nelson, Jeffrey L. Doan, Brandon K. Brothers, Michael D. TI Altitude-related Differences in Running Economy Among Sea Level Residents During 46 Weeks at Moderate Altitude SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [LaChapelle, James A.; Grossmann, Elizabeth C.; Thurston, Darci; Nelson, Jeffrey L.; Doan, Brandon K.; Brothers, Michael D.] USAF Acad, USAFA Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 1041 BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226300404 ER PT J AU Nelson, J Harmon, ME Robergs, RA AF Nelson, Jeff Harmon, Molly E. Robergs, Robert A. TI Identifying Serum Glycerol Concentration Associated With Urinary Glycerol Excretion SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Nelson, Jeff] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Harmon, Molly E.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Robergs, Robert A.] Univ Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM jeffrey.nelson@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 1928 BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226301582 ER PT J AU Lennemann, LM Walker, TB Zupan, MF Lyons, W Anderson, V AF Lennemann, Lynette M. Walker, Thomas B. Zupan, Michael F. Lyons, W. Anderson, V. TI International Personality Item Pool and Mental Toughness within the USAF Combat Controller Training Program SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Lennemann, Lynette M.; Walker, Thomas B.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Zupan, Michael F.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lyons, W.; Anderson, V.] Special Tact Training Squadron, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 3027 BP 832 EP 832 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226302826 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Tiley, J Wang, YD Liaw, PK AF Barabash, Rozaliya I. Tiley, Jaimie Wang, Yandong Liaw, Peter K. TI Neutron and X-Ray Studies of Advanced Materials Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barabash, Rozaliya I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Yandong] Northeastern Univ, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 41A IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1109 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0086-9 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 574FO UT WOS:000275974800006 ER PT J AU Jesinger, RA Ballard, EA Allton, DR Lane, JW Folio, L AF Jesinger, Robert A. Ballard, Elizabeth A. Allton, David R. Lane, Jason W. Folio, Les TI Bronchiectatic Air Bronchograms in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Literature Review SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID MANIFESTATIONS; CT AB We report a case of a 61-year-old Filipino-American male who developed pulmonary tuberculosis after travel to the Philippines. His history, presentation, imaging findings, and clinical course are presented as well as a discussion of the interesting imaging features in his case. Our case highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in the setting of "bronchiectatic air bronchograms" as well as the value of computed tomography (CT) imaging in pulmonary tuberculosis. C1 [Jesinger, Robert A.; Ballard, Elizabeth A.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Allton, David R.; Lane, Jason W.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Jesinger, Robert A.; Folio, Les] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jesinger, RA (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 175 IS 5 BP 370 EP 374 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 598FH UT WOS:000277819700016 PM 20486512 ER PT J AU Chang, CC Sharma, YD Kim, YS Bur, JA Shenoi, RV Krishna, S Huang, DH Lin, SY AF Chang, Chun-Chieh Sharma, Yagya D. Kim, Yong-Sung Bur, Jim A. Shenoi, Rajeev V. Krishna, Sanjay Huang, Danhong Lin, Shawn-Yu TI A Surface Plasmon Enhanced Infrared Photodetector Based on InAs Quantum Dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmon; quantum dots; infrared detection; subwavelength optics ID ELECTRONICS; ARRAY AB In this paper, we report a successful realization and integration of a gold two-dimensional hole array (2DHA) structure with semiconductor InAs quantum dot (QD). We show experimentally that a properly designed 2DHA-QD photodetector can facilitate a strong plasmonic-QD interaction, leading to a I 30 % absolute enhancement of infrared photoresponse at the plasmonic resonance. Our study indicates two key mechanisms for the performance improvement. One is an optimized 2DHA design that permits an efficient coupling of light from the far-field to a localized plasmonic mode. The other is the close spatial matching of the QD layers to the wave function extent of the plasmonic mode. Furthermore, the processing of our 2DHA is amenable to large scale fabrication and, more importantly, does not degrade the noise current characteristics of the photodetector. We believe that this demonstration would bring the performance of QD-based infrared detectors to a level suitable for emerging surveillance and medical diagnostic applications. C1 [Chang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Yong-Sung; Bur, Jim A.; Lin, Shawn-Yu] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Sharma, Yagya D.; Shenoi, Rajeev V.; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM sylin@rpi.edu RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Sharma, Yagya/E-4921-2010 FU AFOSR [FA95500610431] FX S.Y.L. gratefully acknowledges financial support from AFOSR under Grant No. FA95500610431. NR 24 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 9 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1704 EP 1709 DI 10.1021/nl100081j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 593HX UT WOS:000277444900030 PM 20405905 ER PT J AU Helton, WS Warm, JS Tripp, LD Matthews, G Parasuraman, R Hancock, PA AF Helton, William S. Warm, Joel S. Tripp, Lloyd D. Matthews, Gerald Parasuraman, Raja Hancock, Peter A. TI Cerebral lateralization of vigilance: A function of task difficulty SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Laterality; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Sustained attention; Vigilance ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; CONTINUOUS AUDITORY VIGILANCE; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION; BLOOD-FLOW; SENSITIVITY DECREMENT; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; COGNITIVE TASKS; SIGNAL SALIENCE AB Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures of cerebral oxygenation levels were collected from participants performing difficult and easy versions of a 12 min vigilance task and for controls who merely watched the displays without a work imperative. For the active participants, the fNIRS measurements in both vigilance tasks showed higher levels of cerebral activity than was present in the case of the no-work controls. In the easier task, greater activation was found in the right than in the left cerebral hemisphere, matching previous results indicating right hemisphere dominance for vigilance. However, for the more difficult task, this laterality difference was not found, instead activation was bilateral. Unilateral hemispheric activation in vigilance may be a result of employing relatively easy/simple tasks, not vigilance per se. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Helton, William S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Psychol, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Warm, Joel S.; Tripp, Lloyd D.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hancock, Peter A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Helton, WS (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Psychol, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM wshelton@mtu.edu FU Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Research Initiative (MURI) [3 DAAD 190-01-1-0621]; Department of Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) [FA-9550-07-1-0500] FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Research Initiative (MURI) program administered by the Army Research office (Grant 3 DAAD 190-01-1-0621), P.A. Hancock Principal Investigator and the Department of Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) administered by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA-9550-07-1-0500), W.S. Helton Principal Investigator. We would like to thank Drs. Sherry Tove, Elmar Schmeisser, Mike Drillings, Paul Gade and Willard Larkin for providing administrative and technical direction for these grants. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Air Force, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. NR 60 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1683 EP 1688 DI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.014 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 604FE UT WOS:000278261900017 PM 20171235 ER PT J AU Cannon, JW Teff, RJ AF Cannon, Jeremy W. Teff, Richard J. TI Combat surgeons before, during, and after war: the legacy of Loyal Davis SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE Loyal Davis; military neurosurgery; combat casualty care; surgical consultant; lessons learned ID IRAQ AB By 1942, Loyal Davis had firmly established himself as a preeminent civilian neurosurgeon. With military operations rapidly escalating, he was recruited to serve in the European Theater of Operations as a consultant to the Surgeon General. Davis brought tremendous experience, insight, and leadership to this position; however, he found the military system in which he was suddenly immersed inefficient and impassive. His requests for even basic equipment became mired in endless bureaucracy even as his communiques to the Chief Surgeon in the European Theater and to the Surgeon General's staff in Washington seemed to fall short of their intended recipients. Then, when he attempted to vent his frustrations to his academic colleagues, he was nearly court-martialed. Notwithstanding, Davis became the first to formally recognize high-altitude frostbite and also developed protective headgear for airmen, and later in his service, he joined a contingent of senior medical leaders who visited the Soviet Union to study their system of combat casualty care. Subsequent to his service on active duty, Davis returned to his academic practice at Northwestern where he used his position as editor of Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics to advocate for change within the military medical corps. Others like Davis have contributed greatly to the advancement of combat casualty care both during active service and long after their time in uniform. This paper examines the lessons from Davis's experiences as a military neurosurgeon and his continued advocacy for change in the medical corps along with additional recent examples of change effected by former military surgeons. For those currently serving, these lessons illustrate the value of contributing wherever a need is recognized, and for those who have served in the past, they demonstrate the importance of having a continued voice with junior combat surgeons and the military leadership. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1024) C1 [Cannon, Jeremy W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Teff, Richard J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cannon, JW (reprint author), 202 Furr Dr, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. EM jcannon@massmed.org NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E22 DI 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1024 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600022 PM 20568939 ER PT J AU Fang, R Dorlac, GR Allan, PF Dorlac, WC AF Fang, Raymond Dorlac, Gina R. Allan, Patrick F. Dorlac, Warren C. TI Intercontinental aeromedical evacuation of patients with traumatic brain injuries during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE critical care; traumatic brain injury; military medicine; war; wounds and injuries ID PROPOFOL INFUSION SYNDROME AB Traumatic brain injury contributes significantly to military combat morbidity and mortality. No longer maintaining comprehensive medical care facilities throughout the world, the US military developed a worldwide trauma care system making the patient the moving part of the system. Life-saving interventions are performed early, and essential care is delivered at forward locations. Patients then proceed successively through increasingly capable levels of care culminating with arrival in the US. Proper patient selection and thorough mission preparation are crucial to the safe and successful intercontinental aeromedical evacuation of critical brain-injured patients during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1043) C1 [Fang, Raymond] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Div Surg, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Dorlac, Gina R.; Dorlac, Warren C.] Univ Cincinnati, USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Fang, R (reprint author), Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Div Surg, 402 Box 506, APO, AE 09180 USA. EM Raymond.Fang@amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E11 DI 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1043 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600011 PM 20568927 ER PT J AU Klimo, P Ragel, BT Rosner, M Gluf, W McCafferty, R AF Klimo, Paul, Jr. Ragel, Brian T. Rosner, Michael Gluf, Wayne McCafferty, Randall TI Can surgery improve neurological function in penetrating spinal injury? A review of the military and civilian literature and treatment recommendations for military neurosurgeons SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Review DE penetrating spinal injury; spinal gunshot wound; blast injury; military; decompression; laminectomy; outcome ID CORD MISSILE INJURIES; GUNSHOT WOUNDS; CAUDA-EQUINA; CERVICAL-SPINE; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; BULLET VELOCITY; WAR; MANAGEMENT; LAMINECTOMY; RECOVERY AB Object. Penetrating spinal injury (PSI), although an infrequent injury in the civilian population, is not an infrequent injury in military conflicts. Throughout military history, the role of surgery in the treatment of PSI has been controversial. The US is currently involved in 2 military campaigns, the hallmark of both being the widespread use of various explosive devices. The authors reviewed the evidence for or against the use of decompressive laminectomy to treat PSI to provide a triservice (US Army, Navy, and Air Force) consensus and treatment recommendations for military neurosurgeons and spine surgeons. Methods. A US National Library of Medicine PubMed database search that identified all literature dealing with acute management of PSI from military conflicts and civilian urban trauma centers in the post-Vietnam War period was undertaken. Results. Nineteen retrospective case series (11 military and 8 civilian) met the study criteria. Eleven military articles covered a 20-year time span that included 782 patients who suffered either gunshot or blast-related projectile wounds. Four papers included sufficient data that analyzed the effectiveness of surgery compared with nonoperative management, 6 papers concluded that surgery was of no benefit, 2 papers indicated that surgery did have a role, and 3 papers made no comment. Eight civilian articles covered a 9-year time span that included 653 patients with spinal gunshot wounds. Two articles lacked any comparative data because of treatment bias. Two papers concluded that decompressive laminectomy had a beneficial role, 1 paper favored the removal of intracanal bullets between T-12 and L-4, and 5 papers indicated that surgery was of no benefit. Conclusions. Based on the authors' military and civilian PubMed literature search, most of the evidence suggests that decompressive laminectomy does not improve neurological function in patients with PSI. However, there are serious methodological shortcomings in both literature groups. For this and other reasons, neurosurgeons from the US Air Force, Army, and Navy collectively believe that decompression should still be considered for any patient with an incomplete neurological injury and continued spinal canal compromise, ideally within 24-48 hours of injury; the patient should be stabilized concurrently if it is believed that the spinal injury is unstable. The authors recognize the highly controversial nature of this topic and hope that this literature review and the proposed treatment recommendations will be a valuable resource for deployed neurosurgeons. Ultimately, the deployed neurosurgeon must make the final treatment decision based on his or her opinion of the literature, individual abilities, and facility resources available. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1036) C1 [Klimo, Paul, Jr.] 88th Med Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ragel, Brian T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Rosner, Michael] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Gluf, Wayne] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [McCafferty, Randall] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Klimo, P (reprint author), 88th Med Grp, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atomkpnk@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E4 DI 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1036 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600004 PM 20568944 ER PT J AU Ragel, BT Klimo, P Kowalski, RJ McCafferty, RR Liu, JM Taggard, DA Garrett, D Brevard, SB AF Ragel, Brian T. Klimo, Paul, Jr. Kowalski, Robert J. McCafferty, Randall R. Liu, Jeannette M. Taggard, Derek A. Garrett, David, Jr. Brevard, Sidney B. TI Neurosurgery in Afghanistan during "Operation Enduring Freedom": a 24-month experience SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; neurosurgery; Operation Enduring Freedom ID UNITED-STATES; GULF-WAR; UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE; IRAQI FREEDOM; SURGICAL-TEAM; DESERT-SHIELD; CASUALTIES; INJURY; MANAGEMENT; WOUNDS AB Object. "Operation Enduring Freedom"is the US war effort in Afghanistan in its global war on terror. One US military neurosurgeon is deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom to provide care for both battlefield injuries and humanitarian work. Here, the authors analyze a 24-month neurosurgical caseload experience in Afghanistan. Methods. Operative logs were analyzed between October 2007 and September 2009. Operative cases were divided into minor procedures (for example, placement of an intracranial pressure monitor) and major procedures (for example, craniotomy) for both battle injuries and humanitarian work. Battle injuries were defined as injuries sustained by soldiers while in the line of duty or injuries to Afghan civilians from weapons of war. Humanitarian work consisted of providing medical care to Afghans. Results. Six neurosurgeons covering a 24-month period performed 115 minor procedures and 210 major surgical procedures cases. Operations for battlefield injuries included 106 craniotomies, 25 spine surgeries, and 18 miscellaneous surgeries. Humanitarian work included 32 craniotomies (23 for trauma, 3 for tumor, 6 for other reasons, such as cyst fenestration), 27 spine surgeries (12 for degenerative conditions, 9 for trauma, 4 for myelomeningocele closure, and 2 for the treatment of infection), and 2 miscellaneous surgeries. Conclusions. Military neurosurgeons have provided surgical care at rates of 71% (149/210) for battlefield injuries and 29% (61/210) for humanitarian work. Of the operations for battle trauma, 50% (106/210) were cranial and 11% (25/210) spinal surgeries. Fifteen percent (32/210) and 13% (27/210) of operations were for humanitarian cranial and spine procedures, respectively. Overall, military neurosurgeons in Afghanistan are performing life-saving cranial and spine stabilization procedures for battlefield trauma and acting as general neurosurgeons for the Afghan community. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.3.FOCUS09324) C1 [Ragel, Brian T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Kowalski, Robert J.; McCafferty, Randall R.; Garrett, David, Jr.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Liu, Jeannette M.; Taggard, Derek A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Brevard, Sidney B.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Ragel, BT (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Mail Code CH8N,3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM brian.ragel@gmail.com NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E8 DI 10.3171/2010.3.FOCUS09324 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600008 PM 20568948 ER PT J AU Reno, J AF Reno, Joseph TI Military aeromedical evacuation, with special emphasis on craniospinal trauma SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE military aeromedical evacuation; casualty; trauma; traumatic brain injury AB This brief intends to educate civilian neurosurgeons on the structure and function of the US military aeromedical evacuation (AE) system, with special focus on the role of the military neurosurgeon. It highlights the thought process required to participate as a surgical provider in the AE system. It further clarifies the expanded role the AE system plays in nonbattle evacuation. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1023) C1 95th Aeromed & Dent Squadron, Edwards AFB, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Reno, J (reprint author), 95th Aeromed & Dent Squadron, Edwards AFB, 55 N Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.reno@edwards.af.mil NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E12 DI 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1023 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600012 PM 20568928 ER PT J AU Cooper, TV Taylor, T Murray, A DeBon, MW Weg, MWV Klesges, RC Talcott, GW AF Cooper, Theodore V. Taylor, Thom Murray, Ashley DeBon, Margaret W. Weg, Mark W. Vander Klesges, Robert C. Talcott, G. Wayne TI Differences between intermittent and light daily smokers in a population of US military recruits SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO USE; SMOKING-CESSATION; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NATURAL-HISTORY; PREVALENCE; DEPENDENCE; RISK; INTERVENTIONS AB Few studies have assessed differences between intermittent and light smokers, particularly among young adults. Exploring these differences promotes a systematic approach to research and treatment in low-level smokers. This study explored demographic, tobacco-related, and psychosocial predictors of intermittent nondaily smoking relative to light smoking among basic military training (BMT) recruits. The impact of smoking status on abstinence rates at follow-up was also assessed. Participants were 5,603 U.S. Air Force BMT intermittent nondaily (n = 3,134) or light daily (n = 2,469) smoking recruits participating in a population-based group randomized trial targeting tobacco use prevention and cessation (Klesges et al., 2006, Efficacy of a tailored tobacco control program on long-term use in a population of U.S. military troops. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 295-306.). Participants completed baseline measures assessing demographics; tobacco use and history; and common social, attitudinal, and behavioral risk factors for tobacco use. Flights of recruits were randomly assigned to a tobacco use intervention or health education control intervention. At the 1-year follow-up, participants reported 7-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence. Intermittent nondaily smoking relative to light daily smoking was associated with lesser perceived addiction, intermittent and daily use of smokeless tobacco, nonsmoking male and female heads of household, lesser likelihood of smoking while stressed or while bored, and higher likelihood of intentions to quit smoking. Intermittent smokers were significantly more likely than light daily smokers to report abstinence at follow-up. Intermittent and daily light smokers differ on several tobacco-related and psychosocial variables. Attending to these factors in prevention and cessation programs may enhance abstinence in both groups. C1 [Cooper, Theodore V.; Taylor, Thom] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Psychol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Murray, Ashley] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Psychol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [DeBon, Margaret W.; Klesges, Robert C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Weg, Mark W. Vander] Iowa City VA Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. [Weg, Mark W. Vander] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Klesges, Robert C.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Canc Control, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Talcott, G. Wayne] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cooper, TV (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Psychol, 500 W Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM tvcooper@utep.edu OI Vander Weg, Mark/0000-0003-3631-0812 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL053478]; An Initiative of the Paso del Norte Health Foundation [26-8113-17] FX This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL053478) awarded to RCK. Student support was funded in part by A Smoke-Free Paso del Norte : An Initiative of the Paso del Norte Health Foundation (26-8113-17) awarded to TVC. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntq025 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 590PM UT WOS:000277239300001 PM 20203108 ER PT J AU Pritchett, TM Sun, WF Zhang, BG Ferry, MJ Li, YJ Haley, JE Mackie, DM Shensky, W Mott, AG AF Pritchett, Timothy M. Sun, Wenfang Zhang, Bingguang Ferry, Michael J. Li, Yunjing Haley, Joy E. Mackie, David M. Shensky, William, III Mott, Andrew G. TI Excited-state absorption of a bipyridyl platinum(II) complex with alkynyl-benzothiazolylfluorene units SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPHYSICS AB The singlet excited-state lifetime of a bipyridyl platinum(II) complex containing two alkynyl-benzothiazolylfluorene units was determined to be 145+/-105 ps by fitting femtosecond transient difference absorption data, and the triplet quantum yield was measured to be 0.14. A ground-state absorption cross section of 6.1 x 10(-19) cm(2) at 532 nm was deduced from UV-visible absorption data. Excited-state absorption cross sections of (6.7+/-0.1) x 10(-17) cm(2) (singlet) and (4.6+/-0.1) x 10(-16) cm(2) (triplet) were obtained by using a five-level dynamic model to fit open-aperture Z scans at picosecond and nanosecond pulse widths and a variety of pulse energies. For this complex, the ratio of the triplet excited-state absorption cross section to the ground-state absorption cross section-long used as a figure of merit for reverse saturable absorbers-thus stands at 754, to our knowledge the largest ever reported at 532 nm wavelength. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Pritchett, Timothy M.; Ferry, Michael J.; Mackie, David M.; Shensky, William, III; Mott, Andrew G.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sun, Wenfang; Zhang, Bingguang; Li, Yunjing] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM timothy.pritchett1@us.army.mil RI Shensky, William/J-7012-2014 FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0032]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0449598] FX W. Sun acknowledges financial support from the Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-06-2-0032) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CAREER CHE-0449598). NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1305 EP 1307 DI 10.1364/OL.35.001305 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 590IU UT WOS:000277219800001 PM 20436550 ER PT J AU Kokangul, A Khaniyev, T Cochran, JK AF Kokangul, A. Khaniyev, T. Cochran, J. K. TI Optimal control of work-in-process inventory of a two-station production line SO OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS LA English DT Article DE inventory; buffer size; random failures; random processing times; renewal reward processes ID STORAGE SPACE; RANDOM-WALK; ALLOCATION; SYSTEMS; TIMES AB Most production lines keep a minimal level of inventory stock to save storage costs and buffer space. However, the random nature of processing, breakdown, and repair times can significantly affect the efficiency of a production line and force the stocking of work-in-process inventory. We are interested in the case when starvation and blockage are preferentially avoided. In this study, a mathematical model has been developed using asymptotic approximation and simulation that provides asymptotic results for the expected value and the variance of the stock level in a buffer as a function of time. In addition, the functional relationship between buffer capacity and the first stopping time caused by starvation or blockage has been determined. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kokangul, A.] Cukurova Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Khaniyev, T.] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Ind Engn, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Cochran, J. K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kokangul, A (reprint author), Cukurova Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. EM kokangul@cu.edu.tr FU TUBITAK (Ankara, Turkey) FX This research has been supported by a fellowship from TUBITAK (Ankara, Turkey). We also wish to thank two anonymous referees for helping to improve the clarity of presentation in this paper. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0143-2087 J9 OPTIM CONTR APPL MET JI Optim. Control Appl. Methods PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1002/oca.896 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 603LN UT WOS:000278210200002 ER PT J AU Abrams, F Elwood, P Morgan, J Russell, J Sizek, H Stearns, K AF Abrams, F. Elwood, P. Morgan, J. Russell, J. Sizek, H. Stearns, K. TI Materials, Processing and Manufacturing Technology: Rich History and Promising Future SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Within the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Processing (M&P) research and Manufacturing Technology (Man Tech) have always had a close relationship and are today combined into one Directorate. Both support the wafighter across the acquisition life cycle (from concept development, to production and through sustainment) and both rely on a multitude of disciplines to advance the state of the art. Just as there is a breadth of expertise required to develop a composite material, the same is true when addressing the affordability and producibility of that material. Given the current national and global situation, with pressures on staffing and increased competition for the defense dollar, the two fields need to come together as one community. The two disciplines share a rich history and have a very promising future. It is in partnership that both communities will be stronger and better able to ensure scale up and timely transition of new capabilities. The intent of this article is to highlight past achievements when these two communities worked together towards common goals, and to plant the seed that extraordinary advancements are possible if we partner for the future. C1 [Abrams, F.; Elwood, P.; Morgan, J.; Russell, J.; Sizek, H.; Stearns, K.] USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Abrams, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. EM Frances.Abrams@wpafb.af.mil RI Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 583ZC UT WOS:000276718200003 ER PT J AU Stone, D Liu, J Singh, DP Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Mishra, S Rebholz, C Ge, Q Aouadi, SM AF Stone, D. Liu, J. Singh, D. P. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Mishra, S. Rebholz, C. Ge, Q. Aouadi, S. M. TI Layered atomic structures of double oxides for low shear strength at high temperatures SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Friction; Raman spectroscopy; Crystal structure; Oxides; Ab initio calculations ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; CHAMELEON COATINGS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SILVER; LUBRICANT; MOLYBDATE; ENVIRONMENTS AB Double oxide phases combining a transition metal and a noble metal have recently become a subject of investigation as solid lubricant materials for high-temperature tribological applications. Here, we study the changes in chemistry and crystal structure of silver molybdate (Ag2Mo2O7) and silver tungstate (Ag2WO4) thin films and powders from 25 to 600 degrees C. We show, using ab initio molecular dynamics, high-temperature X-ray diffraction, high-temperature Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry in combination with sliding tests, that the layered atomic structure of silver molybdate facilitates sliding, resulting in a low coefficient of friction (<0.2) from 300 to 500 degrees C. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stone, D.; Singh, D. P.; Aouadi, S. M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Liu, J.; Ge, Q.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mishra, S.] Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rebholz, C.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI SINGH, DINESH/A-2509-2011; Ge, Qingfeng/A-8498-2009; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI SINGH, DINESH/0000-0002-2893-7749; Ge, Qingfeng/0000-0001-6026-6693; FU US Department of the Army [W911NF-08-1-0460]; National Science Foundation [0653986]; Air Force Summer at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Fairborn, OH; US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science [DEFG02-05ER46231] FX This research is supported by the US Department of the Army (Award No. W911NF-08-1-0460) and by the National Science Foundation (Award No. 0653986). In addition, S.A. is grateful for three Air Force Summer Fellowship Program awards to conduct research at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Fairborn, OH. J.L. and Q.G. acknowledge support by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science grant DEFG02-05ER46231. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.02.004 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 578LT UT WOS:000276295800003 ER PT J AU Ni, SD Helmberger, D Pitarka, A AF Ni, Sidao Helmberger, Don Pitarka, Arben TI Rapid Source Estimation from Global Calibrated Paths SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR DETONATIONS; SEISMIC SOURCE FUNCTIONS; PERIOD P-WAVES; 9 OCTOBER 2006; TELESEISMIC OBSERVATIONS; MAGNITUDE C1 [Ni, Sidao] Univ Sci & Technol China, Mengcheng Natl Geophys Observ, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Helmberger, Don] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pitarka, Arben] BAE Syst, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Ni, SD (reprint author), URS Corp, 566 El Dorado St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM stoneustc@gmail.com RI pitarka, arben/K-5491-2014 FU Chinese Academy of Science [kzcx2-yw-116-01]; NSFC; DOE [DE-FC52-06NA27319]; NSF [EAR-0337491]; [40537033] FX Waveform data was provided by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). Supported by Chinese Academy of Science kzcx2-yw-116-01,NSFC,40537033 DOE Award #DE-FC52-06NA27319, NSF Grant #EAR-0337491. GPS contribution #10045, Seismological Laboratory, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.3.498 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 596EV UT WOS:000277668500008 ER PT J AU Ryan, KJ Bulutoglu, DA AF Ryan, Kenneth J. Bulutoglu, Dursun A. TI Minimum Aberration Fractional Factorial Designs With Large N SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bipartite undirected graph; Graph theory; Word-length pattern ID EQUIVALENCE AB Xu has cataloged 165 minimum aberration (MA) regular fractional factorial (FF) designs with 2-levels and large run sizes N = 128 (m = 8-64 factors), N = 256 (m = 9-28, 109-119), N = 512 (m = 10-25, 238-246), N = 1024 (m = 11-24, 488-501), N = 2048 (m = 12-23), and N = 4096 (m = 13-24). Such an extensive catalog was produced because of an improved algorithm. We extend the catalog by 36 MA, 2-level regular FF designs: N = 256 (m = 29-36, 100-108), N = 512 (m = 26-29), N = 1024 (m = 25-28), N = 2048 (m = 24-32), and N = 4096 (m = 25-26). Although such enumeration problems are notoriously difficult with increased N and/or m, we brought the newly solved problems within computational reach by changing the vital isomorphism check component of Xu's algorithm. Here we present a new, compact graph for solving regular design isomorphism problems and use the nauty program to solve the corresponding graph isomorphism problems. Supplemental appendices are available online. C1 [Ryan, Kenneth J.] Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Bulutoglu, Dursun A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, KJ (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM kjryan@bgsu.edu; dursun.bulutoglu@afit.edu FU AFOSR [F1ATA06334J001]; AFIT HPC; Ohio Supercomputer Center FX In a collaborative effort, the Department Applied Statistics and Operations and the Office of the Chief Information Officer at Bowling Green State University developed a research system capable of processing very large files. Collaboration between the two groups was instrumental in conducting this research. We thank Brendan McKay for answering questions regarding nauty and updating shortg with additional options; Max Morris for helpful advice; Hongquan Xu for sharing his paper and results while they were under review; the College of Business Information Technology Services, Bowling Green State University for general computer support; and Robert Mee for referring us to Professor Xu's work. The presentation of this work was improved by the editor, who provided the computer experiment example, and an anonymous associate editor and three referees, who provided many constructive comments. This research was supported by the AFOSR grant F1ATA06334J001 and a grant of computer time from the AFIT HPC. This work also was supported in part by an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD MAY PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1198/TECH.2010.08020 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 614FJ UT WOS:000279040500010 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, Hyukjae Mall, Shankar TI Analysis of Fretting Fatigue of Cavitation Shotless Peened Ti-6Al-4V SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fretting fatigue; Cavitation shotless peening; Compressive residual stress; Finite element method ID CRACK-INITIATION; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; IMPROVEMENT; STRENGTH; STEEL AB Fretting fatigue behavior of cavitation shotless peened titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V coupons was investigated using finite element method and a critical plane-based multi-axial fatigue parameter. Cavitation shotless peening (CSP)-induced compressive residual stress, which was larger at the contact surface than its counterpart from the shot peening (SP). However, compressive residual stress decreased more sharply with distance from the contact surface in CSP than in SP. Analysis using a critical plane-based multi-axial fatigue parameter demonstrated that the crack initiation would occur inside the cavitation shotless peened specimen which matched with the experimental observations. On the other hand, crack initiation would occur on the contact surface in the shot peened specimen which again was in agreement with experiments. The analysis also showed that the crack propagation part of the total fretting fatigue life was longer in the shot peened specimen than in the cavitation shotless peened specimen while the crack initiation part was almost equal from both peening methods. Therefore, CSP could not improve the fretting fatigue life/strength as much as the SP did but it improved relative to the un-peened specimen. C1 [Mall, Shankar] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Hyukjae] Andong Natl Univ, Ctr Green Mat Technol, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong 760745, Kyungbuk, South Korea. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU National Research Foundation of Korea [KRF-2008-331-D00004] FX This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-331-D00004). NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11249-010-9581-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 591LD UT WOS:000277301200004 ER PT J AU Burston, R Astin, I Mitchell, C Alfonsi, L Pedersen, T Skone, S AF Burston, Robert Astin, Ivan Mitchell, Cathryn Alfonsi, Lucilla Pedersen, Todd Skone, Susan TI Turbulent times in the northern polar ionosphere? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY; GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; GRADIENT-DRIFT INSTABILITY; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; 10TH GENERATION; PLASMA PATCHES; IONIZATION PATCHES; DIFFUSE AURORA; DENSITY; CAP AB A model is presented of the growth rate of turbulently generated irregularities in the electron concentration of northern polar cap plasma patches. The turbulence is generated by the short-term fluctuations in the electric field imposed on the polar cap ionosphere by electric field mapping from the magnetosphere. The model uses an ionospheric imaging algorithm to specify the state of the ionosphere throughout. The growth rates are used to estimate mean amplitudes for the irregularities, and these mean amplitudes are compared with observations of the scintillation indices S-4 and sigma(phi) by calculating the linear correlation coefficients between them. The scintillation data are recorded by GPS L1 band receivers stationed at high northern latitudes. A total of 13 days are analyzed, covering four separate magnetic storm periods. These results are compared with those from a similar model of the gradient drift instability (GDI) growth rate. Overall, the results show better correlation between the GDI process and the scintillation indices than for the turbulence process and the scintillation indices. Two storms, however, show approximately equally good correlations for both processes, indicating that there might be times when the turbulence process of irregularity formation on plasma patches may be the controlling one. C1 [Burston, Robert; Astin, Ivan; Mitchell, Cathryn] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Alfonsi, Lucilla] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Pedersen, Todd] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Skone, Susan] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Schulich Sch Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Burston, R (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM robber.burston@oma.be OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A04310 DI 10.1029/2009JA014813 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590ZB UT WOS:000277266000002 ER PT J AU Roslyak, O Iurov, A Gumbs, G Huang, DH AF Roslyak, O. Iurov, A. Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong TI Unimpeded tunneling in graphene nanoribbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FERMIONS AB We studied the Klein paradox in zigzag (ZNR) and anti-zigzag (AZNR) graphene nanoribbons. Due to the fact that ZNR (the number of lattice sites across the nanoribbon = N is even) and AZNR (N is odd) configurations are indistinguishable when treated by the Dirac equation, we supplemented the model with a pseudo-parity operator whose eigenvalues correctly depend on the sublattice wavefunctions for the number of carbon atoms across the ribbon, in agreement with the tight-binding model. We have shown that the Klein tunneling in zigzag nanoribbons is related to conservation of the pseudo-parity rather than pseudo-spin as in infinite graphene. The perfect transmission in the case of head-on incidence is replaced by perfect transmission at the center of the ribbon and the chirality is interpreted as the projection of the pseudo-parity on momentum at different corners of the Brillouin zone. C1 [Roslyak, O.; Iurov, A.; Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roslyak, O (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by contract # FA 9453-07-C-0207 of the AFRL and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 28 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 16 AR 165301 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/16/165301 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 579FI UT WOS:000276353200018 PM 21386420 ER PT J AU Louthain, JA Schmidt, JD AF Louthain, James A. Schmidt, Jason D. TI Synergy of adaptive thresholds and multiple transmitters in free-space optical communication SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SCREEN GENERATOR; PHASE; ANISOPLANATISM AB Laser propagation through extended turbulence causes severe beam spread and scintillation. Airborne laser communication systems require special considerations in size, complexity, power, and weight. Rather than using bulky, costly, adaptive optics systems, we reduce the variability of the received signal by integrating a two-transmitter system with an adaptive threshold receiver to average out the deleterious effects of turbulence. In contrast to adaptive optics approaches, systems employing multiple transmitters and adaptive thresholds exhibit performance improvements that are unaffected by turbulence strength. Simulations of this system with on-off-keying (OOK) showed that reducing the scintillation variations with multiple transmitters improves the performance of low-frequency adaptive threshold estimators by 1-3 dB. The combination of multiple transmitters and adaptive thresholding provided at least a 10 dB gain over implementing only transmitter pointing and receiver tilt correction for all three high-Rytov number scenarios. The scenario with a spherical-wave Rytov number R = 0.20 enjoyed a 13 dB reduction in the required SNR for BER's between 10(-5) to 10(-3), consistent with the code gain metric. All five scenarios between 0.06 and 0.20 Rytov number improved to within 3 dB of the SNR of the lowest Rytov number scenario. 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Louthain, James A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Louthain, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.louthain@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 26 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 9 BP 8948 EP 8962 DI 10.1364/OE.18.008948 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 588OR UT WOS:000277082200024 PM 20588740 ER PT J AU Hrozhyk, UA Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A. Serak, Svetlana V. Tabiryan, Nelson V. White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Optically switchable, rapidly relaxing cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AZOBENZENE; COLOR; TRANSMISSION AB Reversible, fast, all-optical switching of the reflection of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is demonstrated in a formulation doped with push-pull azobenzene dyes. The reflection of the photosensitive CLC compositions is optically switched by exposure to 488 and 532 nm CW lasers as well as ns pulsed 532 nm irradiation. Laser-directed optical switching of the reflection of the CLC compositions occurs rapidly, within a few hundred milliseconds for the CW laser lines examined here. Also observed is optical switching on the order of tens of nanoseconds when the CLC is exposed to a single nanosecond pulse with 0.2 J/cm(2) energy density. The rapid cis-trans isomerization typical of push-pull azobenzene dye is used for the first time to rapidly restore the reflection of the CLC from a photoinduced isotropic state within seconds after cessation of light exposure. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A.; Serak, Svetlana V.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hrozhyk, UA (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, 809 S Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 26 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 9 BP 9651 EP 9657 DI 10.1364/OE.18.009651 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 588OR UT WOS:000277082200097 PM 20588813 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Lehmberg, RH Rodriguez, SP Thomason, JF Groves, KM McCarrick, MJ Frazer, GJ AF Bernhardt, P. A. Selcher, C. A. Lehmberg, R. H. Rodriguez, S. P. Thomason, J. F. Groves, K. M. McCarrick, M. J. Frazer, G. J. TI Stimulated Brillouin Scatter in a Magnetized Ionospheric Plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE AB High power electromagnetic waves transmitted from the HAARP facility in Alaska can excite low-frequency electrostatic waves by magnetized stimulated Brillouin scatter. Either an ion-acoustic wave with a frequency less than the ion cyclotron frequency (f(CI)) or an electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) wave just above f(CI) can be produced. The coupled equations describing the magnetized stimulated Brillouin scatter instability show that the production of both ion-acoustic and EIC waves is strongly influenced by the wave propagation relative to the background magnetic field. Experimental observations of stimulated electromagnetic emissions using the HAARP transmitter have confirmed that only ion-acoustic waves are excited for propagation along the magnetic zenith and that EIC waves can only be detected with oblique propagation angles. The ion composition can be obtained from the measured EIC frequency. C1 [Bernhardt, P. A.; Selcher, C. A.; Lehmberg, R. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rodriguez, S. P.; Thomason, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] BAE Syst, Washington, DC USA. [Frazer, G. J.] DSTO, ISR Div, Edinburgh, SA, Australia. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work at the Naval Research Laboratory was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. The experiments at the HAARP facility were funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 16 AR 165004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.165004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 587QO UT WOS:000277007700031 PM 20482059 ER PT J AU Pickett, H Blackwell, JC AF Pickett, Heather Blackwell, Jean C. TI Acupuncture for Migraine Headaches SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; PROPHYLAXIS C1 [Pickett, Heather] USAF, MC, SFS, Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Blackwell, Jean C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Pickett, H (reprint author), USAF, MC, SFS, Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Las Vegas, NV USA. EM heather.pickett@nellis.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1036 EP 1037 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 586PV UT WOS:000276924500015 PM 20387780 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Kim, SN Auvil, T Goldman, ER Liu, J Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Kim, Sang Nyon Auvil, Tyler Goldman, Ellen R. Liu, Jinny Naik, Rajesh R. TI Single domain antibody templated nanoparticle resistors for sensing SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Single domain antibodies; Gold naoparticles; Toxin; Sensing; Conductivity ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHOLERA-TOXIN; PROTEIN; PROBES; FRAGMENTS; INFECTION; SELECTION; PEPTIDE; LIBRARY AB The diversity of biomolecules enables materials to be synthesized at ambient conditions into complex shapes and structures while affording improved control over nanoparticle synthesis, structures, properties, and functionality. Also, biomolecules can impart recognition and sensing capabilities to metal nanoparticles. Here, llama single domain antibodies selected towards the p-subunit of cholera toxin were used to template the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and subsequently assembled onto electrodes via dielectrophoresis. These assemblies were then tested for the detection of cholera toxin via changes in the conductance of antibody coated gold nanoparticles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Kim, Sang Nyon; Auvil, Tyler; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goldman, Ellen R.; Liu, Jinny] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX We thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding. This research was performed while S.K. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Authors thank Dr. C. Devlin for microlithography process. SdAb development was supported by the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency. We thank Dr. Andrew Hayhurst (Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research) for selecting the LgBoTDF sdAb used as a control. We also thank Dr. George Andreson (Naval Research Laboratory) and Ms. Rachael Bernstein (Nova Research Inc) for preparing and testing the sdAb used in these experiments. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1908 EP 1913 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2010.01.004 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 580CJ UT WOS:000276424200008 PM 20117926 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Ullrich, B Elhamri, S Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Tung, LC Wang, YJ AF Haugan, H. J. Ullrich, B. Elhamri, S. Szmulowicz, F. Brown, G. J. Tung, L. C. Wang, Y. J. TI Magneto-optics of InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASB SUPER-LATTICES; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; II SUPERLATTICES; MIDINFRARED DETECTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EFFECTIVE-MASS; DETECTORS; LONG AB We investigate the optical and electrical properties of a series of InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) as a function of InAs layer width d, from 21 to 55 angstrom, with a fixed GaSb layer width of 24 angstrom, corresponding to SLs with the cutoff wavelengths between 4 and 19 mu m. Since the higher electron mass in InAs/GaSb SLs than in mercury cadmium telluride should lead to lower photodiode tunneling currents, we also measured the cyclotron effective mass for a very long wavelength infrared design SLs. For d<40 angstrom, the SLs were p-type, with hole mobilities of approximately 8 000 cm(2)/V s. For a high mobility p-type sample no hole cyclotron resonance signal was detected. However, the SLs with d >= 40 angstrom were n-type, with electron mobilities increasing from 865 to 6126 cm(2)/V s. Cyclotron resonance data on an n-type SL sample yielded an electron cyclotron mass of 0.068 m(0), which is three times the InAs bulk value of 0.023 m(0). The mass enhancement was only partially accounted for by conduction band nonparabolicity, based on our 8 X 8 envelope function calculation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3391976] C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Ullrich, B.; Elhamri, S.; Szmulowicz, F.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tung, L. C.; Wang, Y. J.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801]; National Science Foundation; State of the Florida FX The authors would like to thank S. Fenstermaker, and Professor R. Berney from University of Dayton for technical assistance with the MBE system and Hall measurements, respectively, and the Air Force for its support through Contract No. F33615-03-D-5801. The IR measurement was carried out at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University and was supported by the National Science Foundation and the State of the Florida. One of authors (H. H.) would like to thank Professor B. D. McCombe for helping us interpreting the CR data, on the behalf of Dr. Y. J. Wang who unexpectedly deceased during the publication process. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 8 AR 083112 DI 10.1063/1.3391976 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 591LX UT WOS:000277303200013 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Rosenberger, AT Gord, JR Crouse, CA Harruff, BA Fernando, KAS Smith, MJ Phelps, DK Spowart, JE Guliants, EA Bunker, CE AF Lewis, William K. Rosenberger, Andrew T. Gord, Joseph R. Crouse, Christopher A. Harruff, Barbara A. Fernando, K. A. Shiral Smith, Marcus J. Phelps, Donald K. Spowart, Jonathon E. Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Multispectroscopic (FTIR, XPS, and TOFMS-TPD) Investigation of the Core-Shell Bonding in Sonochemically Prepared Aluminum Nanoparticles Capped with Oleic Acid SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; FORMIC-ACID; BINARY COMBINATION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AL(111) SURFACE; OVERTONE MODES; OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; ADSORPTION; METHOXY AB Organically capped metal nanoparticles are an attractive alternative to more conventional oxide-passivated materials, due to the lower reaction temperatures and the possibility of tuning the organic coating Sonochemical methods have been used to produce small (similar to 5 nm average size) air-stable aluminum nanoparticles capped with oleic acid. In order to understand the nature of the metal organic bonding in the nanoparticles, we have used FTIR, XPS, and TOFMS-TPD techniques to study the organic passivation layer and its desorption at elevated temperatures In the present case we find that the organic layer appears to be attached via AL-O-C bonds with the C atom formerly involved in the carboxylic acid functional group. C1 [Lewis, William K.; Harruff, Barbara A.; Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Smith, Marcus J.; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rosenberger, Andrew T.; Gord, Joseph R.; Phelps, Donald K.; Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.; Spowart, Jonathon E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-07-1-0026]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX We gralefully acknowledge financial support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Grant no HDTRA-07-1-0026. the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the continued support of Dr Julian Tishkoff, and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) through the NanoEnergetics prop am This work was performed while a coauthor (C A C) held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 14 BP 6377 EP 6380 DI 10.1021/jp100274j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 579BP UT WOS:000276341700024 ER PT J AU Venkat, N Dang, TD Bai, ZW McNier, VK DeCerbo, JN Tsao, BH Stricker, JT AF Venkat, Narayanan Dang, Thuy D. Bai, Zongwu McNier, Victor K. DeCerbo, Jennifer N. Tsao, Bang-Hung Stricker, Jeffery T. TI High temperature polymer film dielectrics for aerospace power conditioning capacitor applications SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Specialty Advanced Materials and Polymers for Aerospace and Defense and Applications (SAMPADA-2008) CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Univ Pune, Pune, INDIA HO Univ Pune DE High temperature; Polymer films; Dielectric stability; Aerospace power conditioning; Capacitor applications ID CONSTANT AB Polymer dielectrics are the preferred materials of choice for capacitive energy-storage applications because of their potential for high dielectric breakdown strengths, low dissipation factors and good dielectric stability over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures, despite having inherently lower dielectric constants relative to ceramic dielectrics. They are also amenable to large area processing into films at a relatively lower cost. Air Force currently has a strong need for the development of compact capacitors which are thermally robust for operation in a variety of aerospace power conditioning applications. While such applications typically use polycarbonate (PC) dielectric films in wound capacitors for operation from -55 degrees C to 125 degrees C. future power electronic systems would require the use of polymer dielectrics that can reliably operate up to elevated temperatures in the range of 250-350 degrees C. The focus of this research is the generation and dielectric evaluation of metallized, thin free-standing films derived from high temperature polymer structures such as fluorinated polybenzoxazoles, post-functionalized fluorinated polyimides and fluorenyl polyesters incorporating diamond-like hydrocarbon units. The discussion is centered mainly on variable temperature dielectric measurements of film capacitance and dissipation factor and the effects of thermal cycling, up to a maximum temperature of 350 degrees C, on film dielectric performance. Initial studies clearly point to the dielectric stability of these films for high temperature power conditioning applications, as indicated by their relatively low temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) (similar to 2%) over the entire range of temperatures. Some of the films were also found to exhibit good dielectric breakdown strengths (up to 470V/mu m) and a film dissipation factor of the order of <0.003 (0.3%) at the frequency of interest (10 kHz) for the intended applications. The measured relative dielectric permittivities of these high temperature polymer films were in the range of 2.9-3.5. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Venkat, Narayanan; Bai, Zongwu; McNier, Victor K.; Tsao, Bang-Hung] Univ Dayton, Res Inst UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeCerbo, Jennifer N.; Stricker, Jeffery T.] USAF, Res Lab, Elect Technol Branch AFRL RZPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Venkat, N (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM venkats3@gmail.com NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-5107 J9 MATER SCI ENG B-ADV JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Adv. Funct. Solid-State Mater. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2009.12.038 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 604VT UT WOS:000278307300003 ER PT J AU Roman, MO Schaaf, CB Lewis, P Gao, F Anderson, GP Privette, JL Strahler, AH Woodcock, CE Barnsley, M AF Roman, Miguel O. Schaaf, Crystal B. Lewis, Philip Gao, Feng Anderson, Gail P. Privette, Jeffrey L. Strahler, Alan H. Woodcock, Curtis E. Barnsley, Michael TI Assessing the coupling between surface albedo derived from MODIS and the fraction of diffuse skylight over spatially-characterized landscapes SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; BRDF; Surface albedo; Validation; Spatial analysis; Remote sensing; SAFARI 2000 Project; EOS land validation core sites; NSA-Barrow; ARM-SGP Central Facility; MODTRAN ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; LAND; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; MODELS; BRDF; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION AB In this effort, the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (Collection V005) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo algorithm is used to retrieve instantaneous surface albedo at a point in time and under specific atmospheric conditions. These retrievals are then used to study the role that the fraction of diffuse skylight plays under realistic scenarios of anisotropic diffuse illumination and multiple scattering between the surface and atmosphere. Simulations of the sky radiance using the MODTRAN (R) 5.1 radiative transfer model were performed under different aerosol optical properties, illumination conditions, and surface characteristics to describe these effects on surface albedo retrievals from MODIS. This technique was examined using a validation scheme over four measurement sites with varied aerosol levels and landscapes, ranging from croplands to tundra ecosystems, and over extended time periods. Furthermore, a series of geostatistical analyses were performed to examine the types of spatial patterns observed at each measurement site. In particular, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) retrievals of surface albedo were acquired to analyze the change in variogram model parameters as a function of increased window-size. Results were then used to assess the degree to which a given point measurement is able to capture the intrinsic variability at the scale of MODIS observations. Assessments of MODIS instantaneous albedos that account for anisotropic multiple scattering, over snow-free and snow-covered lands and at all diurnal solar zenith angles, show a slight improvement over the albedo formulations that treat the downwelling diffuse radiation as isotropic. Comparisons with field measurements show biases improving by 0.004-0.013 absolute units (root-mean-squared error) or 0.1%-2.0% relative error. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Roman, Miguel O.; Schaaf, Crystal B.; Strahler, Alan H.; Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Roman, Miguel O.; Gao, Feng] NASA, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lewis, Philip] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England. [Anderson, Gail P.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD USA. [Anderson, Gail P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Anderson, Gail P.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Barnsley, Michael] Univ Wales Swansea, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. RP Roman, MO (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Miguel.O.Roman@nasa.gov RI Gao, Feng/F-3944-2010; Lewis, Philip/C-1588-2008; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012 OI Lewis, Philip/0000-0002-8562-0633; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NASA-NNX07AT35H, NASA-NNX08AE94A]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-06ER64178] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Alexander Berk (Spectral Sciences, Inc.), for his support in evaluating the MODTRAN 5.1DISORT interface; and to Dr. Shunlin Liang (Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park) for revising the formulation of the sky radiance. Support for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grants NASA-NNX07AT35H and NASA-NNX08AE94A; and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program under grant DOE-DE-FG02-06ER64178. This paper is dedicated in honor of the contributions of Prof. Michael Barnsley to the field of Remote Sensing of Environment through his research, publications, leadership, teaching, and mentoring of students. NR 59 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 4 BP 738 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.11.014 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 561MW UT WOS:000274982700005 ER PT J AU Yu, GL Borlongan, CV Ou, YL Stahl, CE Yu, S Bae, E Kaneko, Y Yang, TL Yuan, CJ Fang, L AF Yu, Guolong Borlongan, Cesar V. Ou, Yali Stahl, Christine E. Yu, SeongJin Bae, EungKyung Kaneko, Yuji Yang, Tianlun Yuan, Chunjun Fang, Li TI In vitro non-viral lipofectamine delivery of the gene for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor to human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Growth factor; Transfection; Liposome; Plasmid; Stem cells ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA MODEL; ADULT-RAT; INTRACEREBRAL TRANSPLANTATION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; CD34(+) CELLS; RODENT MODEL; NEURAL STEM; EX-VIVO; STROKE AB Using a lipofection technique, we explored a non-viral delivery of plasmid DNA encoding a rat pGDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) to CD34+ cells derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells in order to obtain cells stably expressing the GDNF gene. The target gene GDNF was amplified from cortex cells of newborn Sprague Dawley rats by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and inserted into vector pEGFP-N1 to construct the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP/GDNF. The positive clones were identified by sequencing and endonuclease digestion. The expression of pEGFP/GDNF-transfected HUCB cells CD34+ was examined by ELISA. Single fragment of 640 bp was obtained after the rat GDNF cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR. Two fragments of about 4.3 kb and 640 pb were obtained after digestion of recombinant plasmid pEGFP/GDNF with XhoI/KpnI. The nucleic acid fragment of 640 bp was confirmed to agree well with the sequence of GDNF gene published by GenBank. The expression of GDNF mRNA and the level of GDNF from pEGFP/GDNF-transfected CD34+ cells were increased substantially, compared with pEGFP control plasmid transfected CD34+ cells (P<0.05). Moreover, co-culture of primary rat cells with the pEGFP/GDNF-transfected CD34+ cells promoted enhanced neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation induced cell dysfunctions. The present results support the use of the non-viral plasmid liposome for therapeutic gene expression for stem cell therapy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Guolong; Ou, Yali; Yang, Tianlun; Yuan, Chunjun; Fang, Li] So Cent Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Borlongan, Cesar V.; Yu, SeongJin; Bae, EungKyung; Kaneko, Yuji] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurosurg & Brain Repair, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Stahl, Christine E.] MacDill AFB, Dept Flight Med, Tampa, FL 33611 USA. RP Yu, GL (reprint author), So Cent Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM yuguolong123@yahoo.com.cn; cborlong@health.usf.edu RI Kaneko, Yuji/J-6447-2012; OI Borlongan, Cesar/0000-0002-2966-9782 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30572079]; Department of Education of China [2007] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30572079) and the Department of Education of China for the researchers from abroad (2007). NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 1325 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.022 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 592ZZ UT WOS:000277422100015 PM 20171195 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Puhl-Quinn, PA Santolik, O AF Mishin, E. V. Puhl-Quinn, P. A. Santolik, O. TI SAID: A turbulent plasmaspheric boundary layer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBAURORAL ION DRIFTS; PLASMA-JET; PROPAGATION; FIELDS; WAVES AB This paper presents novel features of subauroral ion drifts (SAID) observed from a unique conjunction of the Cluster, DMSP, and Polar satellites, including the discovery of SAID-related plasma waves. These observations confirm and expand on our proposed concept of the SAID channel being a turbulent boundary layer, formed via a short circuit of the substorm-injected plasmoid by the plasmasphere. We show that SAID formation is related to enhanced lower hybrid/fast magnetosonic waves. Their excitation leads to anomalous circuit resistivity and magnetic diffusion, similar to the well-documented plasmoid-magnetic barrier problem, including impulsive penetration at the magnetopause. Citation: Mishin, E. V., P. A. Puhl-Quinn, and O. Santolik (2010), SAID: A turbulent plasmaspheric boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07106, doi:10.1029/2010GL042929. C1 [Mishin, E. V.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Puhl-Quinn, P. A.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Santolik, O.] Inst Atmospher Phys, Dept Space Phys, Prague 14131 4, Czech Republic. [Santolik, O.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM evgeny.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; pamela.puhlquinn@aer.com; ondrej.santolik@mff.cuni.cz RI Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; GACR [205/10/2279] FX EVM was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank W. J. Burke for comments and H. Laakso for making us aware of the Polar SAID event. The Cluster FGM Prime Parameter, EFW, EDI, CIS-CODIF, WBD, and STAFF datasets were obtained through the Cluster Science Data System and the ESA Cluster Active Archive. The Polar MFE, EFI, and HYDRA datasets were obtained through the NASA CDAWeb data service. OS was supported by the GACR grant 205/10/2279. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L07106 DI 10.1029/2010GL042929 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 581SN UT WOS:000276544900007 ER PT J AU Freel, K Friedman, JF Miller, TM Heaven, MC Viggiano, AA AF Freel, Keith Friedman, Jeffrey F. Miller, Thomas M. Heaven, Michael C. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to chlorine azide at 298 and 400 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chlorine compounds; electron attachment; ion-molecule reactions; Langmuir probes; reaction rate constants; ultraviolet spectra ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; PHOTOLYTIC PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL-LASER; ENERGY; NCL(A(1)DELTA); DISSOCIATION; CYCLIC-N-3; EXCHANGE; MOLECULE; CLN3 AB Electron attachment to chlorine azide (ClN(3)) was studied using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. Electron attachment rates were measured to be 3.5x10(-8) and 4.5x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 298 and 400 K, respectively, with an estimated 35% absolute accuracy. Cl(-) was the sole ion product of the attachment reaction; weak ion signals were observed for other anions and attributed to impurities and secondary ion-molecule reactions. Assuming a relative uncertainty of +/- 10% for these data, an activation energy for the attachment reaction may be given as 24 +/- 10 meV. C1 [Freel, Keith; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Heaven, Michael C.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Freel, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-04-C0006] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. T.M.M. is under contract (FA8718-04-C0006) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 13 AR 134308 DI 10.1063/1.3386579 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 587EO UT WOS:000276972600022 PM 20387934 ER PT J AU Rasu, RS Hunter, CM Peterson, AL Maruska, HM Foreyt, JP AF Rasu, Rafia S. Hunter, Christine M. Peterson, Alan L. Maruska, Heather M. Foreyt, John P. TI Economic Evaluation of an Internet-Based Weight Management Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; AIR-FORCE; INTERVENTION; OVERWEIGHT; GAIN AB Objective: To determine whether a behavioral Internet treatment (BIT) program for weight management is a viable, cost-effective option compared with usual care (UC) in a diverse sample of overweight (average body mass index = 29 kg/m(2)), healthy adults (mean age = 34 years) serving in the US Air Force. Study Design: Two-group parallel randomized controlled trial. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups: UC (n = 215) and UC plus BIT (n = 227). Baseline and 6-month assessments were included in the analyses. Primary outcome measures (changes in body weight, percent body fat, and waist circumference) and secondary outcome measures (Weight Efficacy Lifestyle [WEL] questionnaire) were included in an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (ICEA) model. Costs were computed using the perspective of an agency wanting to replicate the intervention. Sensitivity analyses were performed to measure the robustness of models. Results: Overall cost for BIT intervention was $11,178.40, or $49.24 per BIT participant. Total staff-time cost was $14.03 per BIT participant. Intervention cost was $25.92 per kilogram of weight loss and $28.96 per centimeter of waist-circumference loss. The cost was $37.88 for each additional point gained on the WEL subscale, where increasing scores indicate increased confidence in managing social pressures to eat. Conclusions: The BIT program is a cost-effective choice for weight management. It may cost more initially, but it results in long-term cost savings. Such cost-effective, Internet-based behavioral interventions for weight management could provide a valuable tool for preventive care aimed at improving individual and societal health. (Am J Manag Care. 2010; 16(4): e98-e104) C1 [Rasu, Rafia S.; Maruska, Heather M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Pharm Practice & Adm, Sch Pharm, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Rasu, Rafia S.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nursing, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Rasu, Rafia S.; Maruska, Heather M.] Univ Missouri, Bloch Sch Business & Publ Adm, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Hunter, Christine M.] NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Foreyt, John P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rasu, RS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Pharm Practice & Adm, Sch Pharm, 2464 Charlotte St,4247 Hlth Sci Bldg, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. EM rassur@umkc.edu FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [DAMD17-02-1-0180] FX This study was funded (John P. Foreyt, Principal Investigator) by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command's Peer Review Medical Research Program (DAMD17-02-1-0180). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not the official policy of the Department of Defense or the US Air Force. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU MANAGED CARE & HEALTHCARE COMMUNICATIONS LLC PI PLAINSBORO PA 666 PLAINSBORO RD, STE 300, PLAINSBORO, NJ 08536 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP E98 EP E104 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 584ZJ UT WOS:000276793300010 PM 20370312 ER PT J AU White, AJ Fallis, DW Vandewalle, KS AF White, Aaron J. Fallis, Drew W. Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Analysis of intra-arch and interarch measurements from digital models with 2 impression materials and a modeling process based on cone-beam computed tomography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE GRADING SYSTEM; DENTAL CASTS; ORTHODONTIC MODELS; TOOTH-SIZE; ACCURACY; PLASTER; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; MACHINE AB Introduction: Study models are an essential part of an orthodontic record. Digital models are now available. One option for generating a digital model is cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning of orthodontic impressions and bite registrations. However, the accuracy of digital measurements from models generated by this method has yet to be thoroughly evaluated. Methods: A plastic typodont was modified with reference points for standardized intra-arch and interarch measurements, and 16 sets of maxillary and mandibular vinylpolysiloxane and alginate impressions were made. A copper wax-bite registration was made with the typodont in maximum intercuspal position to accompany each set of impressions. The impressions were shipped to OrthoProofUSA (Albuquerque, NM), where digital orthodontic models were generated via CBCT. Intra-arch and interarch measurements were made directly on the typodont with electronic digital calipers and on the digital models by using OrthoProofUSA's proprietary DigiModel software. Results: Percentage differences from the typodont of all intra-arch measurements in the alginate and vinylpolysiloxane groups were low, from 0.1% to 0.7%. Statistical analysis of the intra-arch percentage differences from the typodont of the alginate and vinylpolysiloxane groups had a statistically significant difference between the groups only for maxillary intermolar width. However, because of the small percentage differences, this was not considered clinically significant for orthodontic measurements. Percentage differences from the typodont of all interarch measurements in the alginate and vinylpolysiloxane groups were much higher, from 3.3% to 10.7%. Statistical analysis of the interarch percentage differences from the typodont of the alginate and vinylpolysiloxane groups showed statistically significant differences between the groups in both the maxillary right canine to mandibular right canine (alginate with a lower percentage difference than vinylpolysiloxane) and the maxillary left second molar to mandibular left second molar (alginate with a greater percentage difference than vinylpolysiloxane) segments. This difference, ranging from 0.24 to 0.72 mm, is clinically significant. Conclusions: In this study, digital orthodontic models from CBCT scans of alginate and vinylpolysiloxane impressions provided a dimensionally accurate representation of intra-arch relationships for orthodontic evaluation. However, the use of copper wax-bite registrations in this CBCT-based process did not result in an accurate digital representation of interarch relationships. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137: 456.e1-456.e9) C1 [White, Aaron J.; Fallis, Drew W.; Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Triserv Orthodont Residency Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP White, AJ (reprint author), 59th DTG SGDTR,1625 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM aaron.white@us.af.mil NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD APR PY 2010 VL 137 IS 4 AR 456.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.09.019 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 577UC UT WOS:000276248500013 PM 20362900 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Tanen, DA Lairet, J Dixon, PS Valtier, S Bush, A AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Tanen, David A. Lairet, Julio Dixon, Patricia S. Valtier, Sandra Bush, Anneke TI Hydroxocobalamin and Sodium Thiosulfate Versus Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate in the Treatment of Acute Cyanide Toxicity in a Swine (Sus scrofa) Model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CARE MEDICINE; NEONATAL SEPTIC SHOCK; SMOKE-INHALATION; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; GUINEA-PIGS; INTOXICATION; ASSOCIATION; PHYSICIANS; SURVIVAL; SEPSIS AB Study objective: Cyanide can cause severe hypotension with acute toxicity. To our knowledge, no study has directly compared hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate in an acute cyanide toxicity model. Our objective is to compare the return to baseline of mean arterial blood pressure between 2 groups of swine with acute cyanide toxicity and treated with hydroxocobalamin with sodium thiosulfate or sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate. Methods: Twenty-four swine were intubated, anesthetized, and instrumented (continuous arterial and cardiac output monitoring) and then intoxicated with a continuous cyanide infusion until severe hypotension. The animals were divided into 2 arms of 12 each and then randomly assigned to intravenous hydroxocobalamin (150 mg/kg)+sodium thiosulfate (413 mg/kg) or sodium nitrite (10 mg/kg)+sodium thiosulfate (413 mg/kg) and monitored for 40 minutes after start of antidotal infusion. Twenty animals were needed for 80% power to detect a significant difference in outcomes (alpha 0.05). Repeated measures of analysis of covariance and post hoc t test were used for determining significance. Results: Baseline mean weights, time to hypotension (31 minutes 3 seconds versus 28 minutes 6 seconds), and cyanide dose at hypotension (5.6 versus 5.9 mg/kg) were similar. One animal in the hydroxocobalamin group and 2 animals in the sodium nitrite group died during antidote infusion and were excluded from analysis. Hydroxocobalamin resulted in a faster return to baseline mean arterial pressure, with improvement beginning at 5 minutes and lasting through the conclusion of the study (P<.05). No statistically significant difference was detected between groups for cardiac output, pulse rate, systemic vascular resistance, or mortality at 40 minutes postintoxication. Mean cyanide blood levels (4.03 versus 4.05 mu g/mL) and lactate levels (peak 7.9 versus 8.1 mmol/L) at hypotension were similar. Lactate levels (5.1 versus 4.48 mmol/L), pH (7.40 versus 7.37), and base excess (-0.75 versus 1.27) at 40 minutes were also similar. Conclusion: Hydroxocobalamin with sodium thiosulfate led to a faster return to baseline mean arterial pressure compared with sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate; however, there was no difference between the antidote combinations in mortality, serum acidosis, or serum lactate. [Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55:345-351.] C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Dixon, Patricia S.; Valtier, Sandra; Bush, Anneke] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Lairet, Julio] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Tanen, David A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com FU US Air Force Office of the Surgeon General FX Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. The US Air Force Office of the Surgeon General funded this study. No other funding was used. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.09.020 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 582XL UT WOS:000276633700009 PM 19944487 ER PT J AU Propper, CBW Gifford, CSM Calhoon, JH McNeil, LCJD AF Propper, Capt Brandon W. Gifford, Capt Shaun M. Calhoon, John H. McNeil, Lt Col Jeffrey D. TI Wartime Thoracic Injury: Perspectives in Modern Warfare SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Southern-Thoracic-Surgical-Association CY NOV 04-04, 2009 CL Marco Isl, FL SP So Thorac Surg Assoc ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; WAR AB Background. Thoracic injury represents a major source of combat morbidity and mortality. The overall killed-in-action rate has decreased, whereas the died-of-wounds rate has increased; the creation of the Joint Theater Trauma Registry allows for improved documentation. This report seeks to provide a realistic contemporary look at thoracic injury sustained by military forces and civilian casualties during the current wartime experience. Methods. The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried between 2002 and 2008. Patients receiving treatment for thoracic injuries were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, diagnosis and procedure codes. All US soldiers, coalition forces, and local civilians were included in the analysis. Results. There were 33,755 casualties identified during the study period, of which 1,660 patients (4.9%) sustained thoracic injury. Blast mechanism was the most prominent mode of injury, accounting for 45.8%. The mean Injury Severity Score in this cohort of patients was 14.9. A total of 4,232 procedures were performed, resulting in an average of 2.5 thoracic procedures per patient. Fifty percent of casualties were civilian, and 34% were US troops, with the remainder occurring in coalition forces. Overall mortality was 12%. Conclusions. This report provides a realistic account of current wartime thoracic injury. In contrast to previous wars, the majority of thoracic injury is secondary to blast injury as opposed to penetrating trauma, and the resultant mortality rate is higher. This report breaks down thoracic injuries to both US troops and civilian personal and provides realistic expectations for thoracic injury during future combat planning. (Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89: 1032-6) (C) 2010 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Propper, CBW (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bpropper@mac.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.01.014 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 573CK UT WOS:000275885800003 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Sandora, C Mitchell, C Stefan, D Nummey, D Poggie, J AF Chatterjee, Kausik Sandora, Cullen Mitchell, Christopher Stefan, Deian Nummey, Dave Poggie, Jonathan TI A New Software and Hardware Parallelized Floating Random-Walk Algorithm for the Modified Helmholtz Equation Subject to Neumann and Mixed Boundary Conditions SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Floating random-walk; Monte Carlo; modified Helmholtz equation; parallelizable algorithm; CUDA; GPU AB A new floating random-walk algorithm for the one-dimensional modified Helmholtz equation subject to Neumann and mixed boundary conditions problems is developed in this paper. Traditional floating random-walk algorithms for Neumann and mixed boundary condition problems have involved "reflecting boundaries" resulting in relatively large computational times. In a recent paper, we proposed the elimination of the use of reflecting boundaries through the use of novel Green's functions that mimic the boundary conditions of the problem of interest. The methodology was validated by a solution of the one-dimensional Laplace's equation. In this paper, we extend the methodology to the floating random-walk solution of the one-dimensional modified Helmholtz equation, and excellent agreement has been obtained between an analytical solution and floating random-walk results. The algorithm has been parallelized and a near linear rate of parallelization has been obtained with as many as thirty-two processors. These results have previously been published in [1]. In addition, a GPU implementation employing 4096 simultaneous threads displayed a similar near-linear parallelization gain and a one to two orders of magnitude improvement over the CPU implementation. An immediate application of this research is in the numerical solution of the electromagnetic diffusion equation in magnetically permeable and electrically conducting objects with applications in dielectrometry and magnetometry sensors that have the ability to detect sub-surface objects such as landmines. The ultimate goal of this research is the application of this methodology to the solution of aerodynamical flow problems. C1 [Chatterjee, Kausik; Sandora, Cullen; Mitchell, Christopher; Stefan, Deian; Nummey, Dave] Cooper Union Adv Sci & Art, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] AFRL RBAC, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chatterjee, K (reprint author), Cooper Union Adv Sci & Art, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM chatte@cooper.edu; sandor@cooper.edu; mitche2@cooper.edu; stefan@cooper.edu; nummey@cooper.edu; jonathan.poggie@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0439] FX This research has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through a grant (FA9550-06-1-0439) monitored by Dr. F. Fahroo. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 SI SI BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 626VQ UT WOS:000279995900010 ER PT J AU Dierking, MP Duncan, BD AF Dierking, Matthew P. Duncan, Bradley D. TI Periodic, pseudonoise waveforms for multifunction coherent ladar SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB We report the use of periodic, pseudonoise waveforms in a multifunction coherent ladar system. We exploit the Doppler sensitivity of these waveforms, as well as agile processing, to enable diverse ladar functions, including high range resolution imaging, macro-Doppler imaging, synthetic aperture ladar, and range-resolved micro-Doppler imaging. We present analytic expressions and simulations demonstrating the utility of pseudonoise waveforms for each of the ladar modes. We also discuss a laboratory pseudonoise ladar system that was developed to demonstrate range compression and range-resolved micro-Doppler imaging, as well as the phase recovery common to each of the coherent modes. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Dierking, Matthew P.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duncan, Bradley D.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dierking, MP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 3109 Hobson Way,Bldg 622, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.dierking@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1908 EP 1922 DI 10.1364/AO.49.001908 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576WD UT WOS:000276179500041 PM 20357877 ER PT J AU Dolan, DC Taylor, DJ Bramoweth, AD Rosenthal, LD AF Dolan, Diana C. Taylor, Daniel J. Bramoweth, Adam D. Rosenthal, Leon D. TI Cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia: A clinical case series study of patients with co-morbid disorders and using hypnotic medications SO BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Cognitive; Behavioral; CBTi; Insomnia; Sleep medicine; Therapy ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; METAANALYSIS; DROPOUT; PHARMACOTHERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; VALIDATION; CRITERIA AB Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) has demonstrated considerable efficacy within randomized clinical trials and case-series designs. This case-series study in a community sleep medicine clinic assessed the effectiveness of an eight-session CBTi protocol chronic insomnia patients who were allowed to continue their use of hypnotics (intent-to-treat n = 48), administered by a clinical psychology doctoral student receiving training and supervision in CBTi by a behavioral sleep medicine certified clinician. Outcome measures included daily sleep diaries, self-report measures on insomnia severity, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, daytime sleepiness, as well as medication usage. Patients showed significant improvements in sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, insomnia severity, and dysfunctional sleep beliefs from pre- to post-treatment. No changes were seen in daytime sleepiness - patients were not excessively sleepy either before or after treatment. Use of sleep medication declined significantly from 87.5% pre-treatment to 54% post-treatment, despite no active efforts to encourage patients to withdraw. Results demonstrate that a CBTi conducted in a community sleep medicine clinic with patients not required to discontinue sleep-related medications can have similar effects as therapy delivered among those not on medication. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolan, Diana C.; Taylor, Daniel J.; Bramoweth, Adam D.] Univ N Texas, Dept Psychol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Dolan, Diana C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Rosenthal, Leon D.] Sleep Med Associates Texas, Dallas, TX USA. RP Taylor, DJ (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Psychol, 1155 Union Circle 311280, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM DianaCDolan@gmail.com; djtaylor@unt.edu; adambramoweth@my.unt.edu; ldr@sleepmed.com OI Bramoweth, Adam/0000-0002-3535-0292 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-7967 J9 BEHAV RES THER JI Behav. Res. Ther. PD APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.004 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 584MU UT WOS:000276757000009 PM 20074701 ER PT J AU Myers, SC Begnaud, ML Ballard, S Pasyanos, ME Phillips, WS Ramirez, AL Antolik, MS Hutchenson, KD Dwyer, JJ Rowe, CA Wagner, GS AF Myers, Stephen C. Begnaud, Michael L. Ballard, Sanford Pasyanos, Michael E. Phillips, W. Scott Ramirez, Abelardo L. Antolik, Michael S. Hutchenson, Kevin D. Dwyer, John J. Rowe, Charlotte A. Wagner, Gregory S. TI A Crust and Upper-Mantle Model of Eurasia and North Africa for Pn Travel-Time Calculation SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VELOCITIES BENEATH; LATERAL VARIATIONS; SEISMIC LOCATION; EVENTS; IDENTIFICATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB We develop a regional seismic travel-time (RSTT) model and method for use in routine seismic analysis. The model parameterization is a global tessellation of nodes with a velocity profile at each node. Interpolation of the velocity profiles generates a 3D crust and laterally variable upper-mantle velocity. The upper-mantle velocity profile at each node is represented as a linear velocity gradient, which enables travel-time computation in approximately 1 millisecond. This computational speed allows the model to be used in routine analyses in operational monitoring systems. We refine the model using a tomographic formulation that adjusts the average crustal velocity, mantle velocity at the Moho, and the mantle velocity gradient at each node. While the RSTT model is inherently global, our first RSTT tomographic effort covers Eurasia and North Africa, where we have compiled a data set of approximately 600,000 Pn arrivals. Ten percent of the data set is randomly selected and set aside for testing purposes. Travel-time residual variance for the validation data is reduced by 32%. Based on a geographically distributed set of validation events with epicenter accuracy of 5 km or better, epicenter error using 16 Pn arrivals is reduced by 46% from 17.3 km (ak135 model) to 9.3 km (RSTT model) after tomography. The median uncertainty ellipse area is reduced by 68% from 3070 km(2) (ak135) to 994 km2 (RSTT), and the number of ellipses with area less than 1000 km2, which is the area allowed for onsite inspection under the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, is increased from 0% (ak135) to 51% (RSTT). C1 [Myers, Stephen C.; Pasyanos, Michael E.; Ramirez, Abelardo L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Begnaud, Michael L.; Phillips, W. Scott; Rowe, Charlotte A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ballard, Sanford] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Antolik, Michael S.; Hutchenson, Kevin D.] Quantum Technol Sci Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL 32930 USA. [Dwyer, John J.; Wagner, Gregory S.] AF Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Myers, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-046,Box 808,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Myers, Stephen/K-1368-2014; OI Myers, Stephen/0000-0002-0315-5599; Begnaud, Michael/0000-0002-1491-9451; Rowe, Charlotte/0000-0001-5803-0147 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 100 IS 2 BP 640 EP 656 DI 10.1785/0120090198 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 569LB UT WOS:000275597200018 ER PT J AU Park, JH Mitchel, WC Smith, HE Grazulis, L Eyink, KG AF Park, J. H. Mitchel, W. C. Smith, H. E. Grazulis, L. Eyink, K. G. TI Studies of interfacial layers between 4H-SiC (0001) and graphene SO CARBON LA English DT Letter ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; DIAMOND NUCLEATION; CARBON-FILMS; ELECTRON; 6H-SIC(0001); GRAPHITE; SURFACES; GAS AB The region between epitaxial graphene and the SiC substrate has been investigated 4H-SiC (0 0 0 1) samples were annealed in a high temperature molecular beam epitaxy system at temperatures between 1100 and 1700 degrees C The interfacial layers between the pristine SiC and the graphene layers were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Graphene was found to grow on the SiC surface at temperatures above 1200 degrees C Below this temperature, however, sp(3) bonded carbon layers were formed with a constant atomic Si concentration C1s and Si2p core level spectra of the graphene samples suggest that the interface layer we observe has a high carbon concentration and its thickness increases during the graphitization process A significant concentration of Si atoms is trapped in the interface layer and their concentration also increases during graphitization (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Park, J. H.; Mitchel, W. C.; Smith, H. E.; Grazulis, L.; Eyink, K. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1670 EP 1673 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.12.006 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 569XL UT WOS:000275636000045 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Knize, Randall J. TI Alkali lasers for magnetic resonance imaging SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MRI imaging; spin polarized nuclei; alkali lasers ID PUMPED CS LASER; DIODE-ARRAY; VAPOR LASER; CESIUM LASER; POWER; REDUCTION; LIGHT AB Spin-polarized nuclei of such gases as He-3 and Xe-129 are successfully used for magnetic resonance imaging of lungs and other organs of human body. To produce large numbers of spin-polarized nuclei required for this medical application, a high power narrowband tunable laser source is required. Diode pumped alkali lasers, developed during last several years can be an ideal source for this application. In this paper we present our latest achievements in diode pumped alkali lasers development. We describe optically pumped Cs laser tunable in the range of 14 GHz and operating in single transverse mode with a linewidth less than 3 MHz. We also present continuous wave diode pumped Rb and Cs lasers with output power 17 W and 20 W. C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Knize, Randall J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers, and the National Science Foundation. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD PI WARSAW PA BOGUMILA ZUGA 32A ST, 01-811 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1895-1082 EI 1644-3608 J9 CENT EUR J PHYS JI Cent. Eur. J. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 2 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.2478/s11534-009-0073-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 550DM UT WOS:000274108500006 ER PT J AU Morrow, BD Stewart, IJ Barnes, EW Cotant, CL AF Morrow, Benjamin D. Stewart, Ian J. Barnes, Eric W. Cotant, Casey L. TI Chronic kidney disease management in an academic internal medicine clinic SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; Angiotensin receptor blocker; Blood pressure control; Chronic kidney disease; Glomerular filtration rate; Internship and residency ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; CARE; MORTALITY; MODERATE; RECOGNITION; PROGRESSION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB We sought to evaluate the current state of chronic kidney disease (CKD) management in our academic internal medicine clinic. A retrospective review was carried out involving all patients with laboratory evidence of CKD enrolled in our clinic. We evaluated the rate of CKD recognition as well as compliance with standard guidelines. We further subdivided our results based on physician training level, presence of diabetes, recognition of CKD, age, and race. Factors that significantly improved recognition and treatment of CKD in our study included presence of diabetes (p < 0.001), black race (p = 0.013), younger age (p = 0.004), and treatment by a resident physician (p = 0.009). Recognition of stage 3 CKD was associated with significant increases in urine protein analysis (p < 0.001) and nephrology consultation (p < 0.001). Chronic kidney disease remains under-recognized and undertreated despite well-publicized guidelines and widespread use of routine eGFR reporting. C1 [Morrow, Benjamin D.; Stewart, Ian J.; Barnes, Eric W.; Cotant, Casey L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Benjamin.morrow@lackland.af.mil; ian.stewart@lackland.af.mil; Eric.barnes@lackland.af.mil; Casey.cotant@lackland.af.mil NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1342-1751 J9 CLIN EXP NEPHROL JI Clin. Exp. Nephrol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 14 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10157-009-0247-6 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 578AG UT WOS:000276265000005 PM 20024594 ER PT J AU Selby, EA Anestis, MD Bender, TW Ribeiro, JD Nock, MK Rudd, MD Bryan, CJ Lim, IC Baker, MT Gutierrez, PM Joiner, TE AF Selby, Edward A. Anestis, Michael D. Bender, Theodore W. Ribeiro, Jessica D. Nock, Matthew K. Rudd, M. David Bryan, Craig J. Lim, Ingrid C. Baker, Monty T. Gutierrez, Peter M. Joiner, Thomas E., Jr. TI Overcoming the fear of lethal injury: Evaluating suicidal behavior in the military through the lens of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Military; Suicide; Combat; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Injury ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; RISK-FACTORS; WAR VETERANS; ARMED-FORCES; IRAQ WAR; PERCEIVED BURDENSOMENESS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AB Suicide rates have been increasing in military personnel since the start of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and it is vital that efforts be made to advance suicide risk assessment techniques and treatment for members of the military who may be experiencing suicidal symptoms. One potential way to advance the understanding of suicide in the military is through the use of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide. This theory proposes that three necessary factors are needed to complete suicide: feelings that one does not belong with other people, feelings that one is a burden on others or society, and an acquired capability to overcome the fear and pain associated with suicide. This review analyzes the various ways that military service may influence suicidal behavior and integrates these findings into an overall framework with relevant practical implications. Findings suggest that although there are many important factors in military suicide, the acquired capability may be the most impacted by military experience because combat exposure and training may cause habituation to fear of painful experiences, including suicide. Future research directions, ways to enhance risk assessment, and treatment implications are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Joiner, Thomas E., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Nock, Matthew K.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rudd, M. David] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bryan, Craig J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Baker, Monty T.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Warrior Resiliency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gutierrez, Peter M.] Denver VA Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Gutierrez, Peter M.] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Joiner, TE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM joiner@psy.fsu.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 FU NIMH NIH HHS [F31MH081396, F31 MH081396, F31 MH081396-01A2, F31 MH081396-02] NR 106 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0272-7358 J9 CLIN PSYCHOL REV JI Clin. Psychol. Rev. PD APR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.004 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 572BY UT WOS:000275802700003 PM 20051309 ER PT J AU O'Daniel, J Adley, M Danielson, K DiPaolo, B Boone, N AF O'Daniel, James Adley, Mark Danielson, Kent DiPaolo, Beverly Boone, Nicholas TI Comparing finite element and meshfree particle formulations for projectile penetration into fiber reinforced concrete SO COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE LA English DT Article DE Fiber Reinforced Concrete; finite element; meshfree; penetration ID HYDRODYNAMICS; ALGORITHM AB Penetration of a fragment-like projectile into Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) was simulated using finite element (FE) and particle formulations. Extreme deformations and failure of the material during the penetration event were modeled with multiple approaches to evaluate how well each represented the actual physics of the penetration process and compared to experimental data. A Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP) normally impacting a flat, square plate of FRC was modeled using two target thicknesses to examine the different levels of damage. The thinner plate was perforated by the FSP, while the thicker plate captured the FSP and only allowed penetration part way through the thickness. Full three dimensional simulations were performed, so the capability was present for non-symmetric FRC behavior and possible projectile rotation in all directions. These calculations assessed the ability of the finite element and particle formulations to calculate penetration response while assessing criteria necessary to perform the computations. The numerical code EPIC contains the element and particle formulations, as well as the explicit methodology and constitutive models, needed to perform these simulations. C1 [O'Daniel, James; Adley, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP O'Daniel, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM James.L.O'Daniel@usace.army.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-8198 J9 COMPUT CONCRETE JI Comput. Concr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 SI SI BP 103 EP 118 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 723ZH UT WOS:000287545400003 ER PT J AU Razani, A Dodson, C Roberts, T AF Razani, A. Dodson, C. Roberts, T. TI A model for exergy analysis and thermodynamic bounds of Stirling refrigerators SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Stirling refrigerators; Exergy analysis; Cryocoolers; Thermodynamics; Cycle optimization ID PERFORMANCE AB A thermodynamic model based on exergy flow through a Stirling Refrigerator is developed. Important irreversibilities of the refrigerator due to external heat transfer with the reservoirs, heat leak, flow and heat transfer in regenerator are included in the model. Expansion and compression efficiencies are introduced in the model to account for the losses in these processes. The effect of a control phase shift between the mass flow rate and pressure across regenerator on the performance of the refrigerator is presented. Analytical solutions representing important quantities in the design of Stirling refrigerators such as the load curve, cooling power and efficiency in terms of basic system input parameters are developed. Thermodynamic bounds for the performance of Stirling refrigerators are obtained. Results indicating a compromise between cooling power and efficiency that are dependent on the constraint of the system are presented and discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Razani, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dodson, C.; Roberts, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razani, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, MSC01 1150, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM razani@unm.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2009.12.007 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 590KC UT WOS:000277223500001 ER PT J AU Lien, W Vandewalle, KS AF Lien, Wen Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Physical properties of a new silorane-based restorative system SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Physical properties; Composites; Silorane; Compomers; Giomers; Hybrids ID DENTAL COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FILLER CONTENT; RESINS; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB Objectives. To distinguish the physical properties of a new silorane-based restorative material in comparison to five methacrylate-based restorative materials - a compomer, giomer, nanocomposite, hybrid and micro-hybrid. Methods. The following properties were examined per restorative material: compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural strength/modulus, fracture toughness, microhardness, and polymerization shrinkage. The mean and standard deviation were determined per group. A one-way ANOVA/Tukey was performed per property (alpha = 0.05). Results. Significant differences were found between groups per property (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Compared to the methacrylate-based restorative materials, the new silorane-based material had the lowest polymerization shrinkage, but an overall mixed mechanical performance. The silorane-based material had relatively higher flexural strength/modulus, fracture toughness, but relatively lower compressive strength and microhardness than the methacrylate-based restorative materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Lien, Wen; Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Dunn Dent Clin, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@lackland.af.mil NR 36 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2009.12.004 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 559VV UT WOS:000274857000007 PM 20053434 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Ivnitski, D Rincon, R Atanassov, P Johnson, GR AF Luckarift, Heather R. Ivnitski, Dmitri Rincon, Rosalba Atanassov, Plamen Johnson, Glenn R. TI Glucose Oxidase Catalyzed Self-Assembly of Bioelectroactive Gold Nanostructures SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Gold reduction; Glucose oxidase; Electron transfer; Nanocomposites; Self-assembly ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CARBON NANOTUBES; EXTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; ENZYMES; NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENTRAPMENT; SYSTEMS AB Glucose oxidase catalyzes the formation of metallic gold particles in immediate proximity of the protein from gold (III) chloride in the absence of any other catalytic or reductive substrates. The protein-mediated gold reduction reaction leads to size-controllable gold particle formation and concomitant association of the enzyme in an electrically conductive metallic template. Such an enzyme immobilization strategy provides a simple and rapid method to create an intimate interface between glucose oxidase and a conductive matrix, which can be joined to an electrode surface. Model electrodes were prepared by entraining the glucose oxidase/gold particles onto carbon paper. Voltammetry of the resulting electrodes revealed stable oxidation and reduction peaks at a potential close to that of the standard value for the FAD/FADH(2) cofactor of immobilized glucose oxidase. The gold electrodes exhibit catalytic activity in the presence of glucose confirming the entrapment of active glucose oxidase within the gold architecture. The resulting composite material can be successfully integrated with electrodes of various designs for biosensor and biofuel cell applications. C1 [Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Microbiol & Appl Biochem AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ivnitski, Dmitri; Rincon, Rosalba; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Microbiol & Appl Biochem AFRL RXQL, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM heather.luckarift.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; plamen@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 FU DOD/AFOSR MURI [FA9550-06-1-0264]; US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The UNM portion of this work was supported in part by a grant from DOD/AFOSR MURI Award Number: FA9550-06-1-0264, Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells. AFRL research was funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 7-8 BP 784 EP 792 DI 10.1002/elan.200980003 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590VC UT WOS:000277255400008 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Lizewski, SE Fitzgerald, LA Biffinger, JC Knight, CL Crookes-Goodson, WJ Wu, PK AF Ringeisen, B. R. Lizewski, S. E. Fitzgerald, L. A. Biffinger, J. C. Knight, C. L. Crookes-Goodson, W. J. Wu, P. K. TI Single Cell Isolation of Bacteria from Microbial Fuel Cells and Potomac River Sediment SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Biological laser printing (BioLP); Cell sorting; Cell printing; Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB); Microbial fuel cell (MFC); Potomac River sediment; Shewanella oneidensis; Fuel cells ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS DSP10; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; TECHNOLOGY AB Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) are prominently found in aquatic environmental sediment samples and wastewater streams, which are known to contain several different types of microorganisms. Even though microbial consortia are found to enhance both Coulombic efficiency and total power output in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), it is currently unknown how many different EAB contribute to current generation in these systems. It is also difficult to track the relative population of different species during MFC operation. We used biological laser printing (BioLP) to isolate different bacterium from complex environmental samples and MFC anolytes. BioLP can be used to print droplets containing a single cell directly from liquid culture, thereby enabling EAB to be sorted from unmodified environmental or MFC samples. Isolated species were identified through 16S rDNA analysis of pure cultures derived from the printed samples. These experiments demonstrate how cell printing can be used as a single-step method to separate and identify microorganisms from complex environmental samples and operating MFCs. C1 [Ringeisen, B. R.; Lizewski, S. E.; Fitzgerald, L. A.; Biffinger, J. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knight, C. L.; Crookes-Goodson, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, P. K.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [62123N]; National Research Council FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for funding through PE#62123N. L. A.F. thanks the National Research Council for her postdoctoral fellowship. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 7-8 BP 875 EP 882 DI 10.1002/elan.200880012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590VC UT WOS:000277255400018 ER PT J AU Morgan, OW Parks, S Shim, T Blevins, PA Lucas, PM Sanchez, R Walea, N Loustalot, F Duffy, MR Shim, MJ Guerra, S Guerra, F Mills, G Verani, J Alsip, B Lindstrom, S Shu, B Emery, S Cohen, AL Menon, M Fry, AM Dawood, F Fonseca, VP Olsen, SJ AF Morgan, Oliver W. Parks, Sharyn Shim, Trudi Blevins, Patricia A. Lucas, Pauline M. Sanchez, Roger Walea, Nancy Loustalot, Fleetwood Duffy, Mark R. Shim, Matthew J. Guerra, Sandra Guerra, Fernando Mills, Gwen Verani, Jennifer Alsip, Bryan Lindstrom, Stephen Shu, Bo Emery, Shannon Cohen, Adam L. Menon, Manoj Fry, Alicia M. Dawood, Fatimah Fonseca, Vincent P. Olsen, Sonja J. TI Household Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, San Antonio, Texas, USA, April-May 2009 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS INFECTIONS; SEATTLE FAMILIES; AGE; VACCINATION; PROPHYLAXIS; OSELTAMIVIR; PREVENTION; ZANAMIVIR; VACCINES; ANTIBODY AB To assess household transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, during April 15 May 8, 2009, we investigated 77 households. The index case-patient was defined as the household member with the earliest onset date of symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), influenza-like illness (ILI), or laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Median interval between illness onset in index and secondary case-patients was 4 days (range 1-9 days); the index case-patient was likely to be <= 18 years of age (p = 0.034). The secondary attack rate was 4% for pandemic (H1N1) 2009, 9% for ILI, and 13% for ARI. The secondary attack rate was highest for children <5 years of age (8%-19%) and lowest for adults >= 50 years of age (4%-12%). Early in the outbreak, household transmission primarily occurred from children to other household members and was lower than the transmission rate for seasonal influenza. C1 [Morgan, Oliver W.; Parks, Sharyn; Loustalot, Fleetwood; Verani, Jennifer; Lindstrom, Stephen; Shu, Bo; Emery, Shannon; Cohen, Adam L.; Menon, Manoj; Fry, Alicia M.; Dawood, Fatimah; Olsen, Sonja J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Parks, Sharyn; Shim, Trudi; Walea, Nancy; Guerra, Fernando; Fonseca, Vincent P.] Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Lucas, Pauline M.; Duffy, Mark R.; Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Blevins, Patricia A.; Sanchez, Roger; Guerra, Fernando; Alsip, Bryan] San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. [Mills, Gwen] Comal Cty Hlth Dept, New Braunfels, TX USA. RP Morgan, OW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM omorgan@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.3201/eid1604.091658 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 580UQ UT WOS:000276476400007 PM 20350377 ER PT J AU Zabarnick, S Adams, R West, Z DeWitt, MJ Shafer, L Striebich, R Delaney, CL Phelps, DK AF Zabarnick, Steven Adams, Ryan West, Zachary DeWitt, Matthew J. Shafer, Linda Striebich, Richard Delaney, Charles L. Phelps, Donald K. TI Compatibility of DiEGME and TriEGME Fuel System Icing Inhibitor Additives with BMS 10-39 Aircraft Tank Topcoat Material SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling CY JUN, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL AB In recent years, the fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) has been implicated in an increasing incidence of peeling of topcoat material in the ullage space of integral wing tanks in the B-52 and other military aircraft. Work has indicated that, for the combination of DiEGME in JP-8 fuel, the icing inhibitor additive can concentrate in the tank tillage and condense at elevated concentrations on cooled tank walls. These high concentrations of DiEGME cause swelling and subsequent peeling of the epoxy-based topcoat. Here, we report on detailed studies of the compatibility of DiEGME and FSII replacement candidate triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TriEGME) with BM S 10-39 fuel tank topcoat material. Tests were designed to simulate fuel tank wall exposures with subsequent topcoat degradation measured by icing inhibitor uptake analyses and pencil hardness evaluations. The lower volatility of TriEGME relative to the JP-8 fuel components results in it being less able to concentrate in the tank ullage and promote topcoat failure, as compared to DiEGME. This was confirmed with lower additive levels measured in the ullage, condensed vapors, and the exposed topcoat material. The pencil hardness of topcoat material exposed to fuel vapors was significantly improved upon changing from DiEGME to TriEGME exposure. Simulation experiments were able to reproduce the fuel tank topcoat peeling observed in the field as well as determine the conditions (concentration and temperature) required for topcoat degradation. C1 [Zabarnick, Steven; Adams, Ryan; West, Zachary; DeWitt, Matthew J.; Shafer, Linda; Striebich, Richard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Phelps, Donald K.] USAF, Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch AFRL RZPF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zabarnick, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM zabarnick@udayton.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 BP 2614 EP 2627 DI 10.1021/ef901548r PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581YZ UT WOS:000276563300053 ER PT J AU Breidenbaugh, MS de Szalay, FA AF Breidenbaugh, M. S. de Szalay, F. A. TI Effects of Aerial Applications of Naled on Nontarget Insects at Parris Island, South Carolina SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adulticides; Diptera; Hymenoptera; biting midges ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; MOSQUITO ADULTICIDE; LIGHT TRAPS; NEW-JERSEY; INSECTICIDES; MALAISE; CERATOPOGONIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; CALIFORNIA AB Testing impacts of large-scale aerial spraying to control public health pests under realistic field conditions are needed to understand impacts on natural populations of nontarget insects. Responses of terrestrial insects to aerial applications of an organophosphate insecticide, naled, used for mosquito and biting midge control were studied on Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, SC. Aerial applications were made with C-130 aircraft at dusk in 2003 and in 2005. In 2003, we sampled two locations on Parris Island with Malaise traps before and after spraying, and used Before-After analyses to examine changes in terrestrial insect diversity and abundance. In 2005, we sampled insects with yellow pan traps at three locations on Parris Island and at an untreated control site. A Before-After Control-Impact analysis at each location was conducted to compare changes. In 2003, numbers of four of 12 common taxa (Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae) were lower after sprays. However, there were no significant changes in numbers of common taxa or total numbers in 2005. Shannon diversities (H') were not different in either year indicating that sprays had minimal impact on overall community biodiversity. In contrast, populations of pestiferous biting midges (Culicoides spp.) collected in CDC-style traps were reduced by 94-99% after spraying in both years; mosquito numbers declined by 88.2% in 2003 and 92.5% in 2005, after sprays. C1 [Breidenbaugh, M. S.] USAF, Aerial Spray Unit, Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, AS DOS 757, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. [Breidenbaugh, M. S.; de Szalay, F. A.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Breidenbaugh, MS (reprint author), USAF, Aerial Spray Unit, Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, AS DOS 757, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. EM mark.breidenbaugh@youngstown.af.mil NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 39 IS 2 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1603/EN09087 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 580UP UT WOS:000276476300041 PM 20388292 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL Hayes, JR Estevadeordal, J Crafton, JW Fonov, SD Gogineni, S AF Kimmel, R. L. Hayes, J. R. Estevadeordal, J. Crafton, J. W. Fonov, S. D. Gogineni, S. TI Flow visualization in a low-density plasma channel SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTION; SHOCK; FACILITY AB A schlieren system and surface-stress-sensitive film system were developed for a plasma channel which posed unique challenges for flow visualization because of the combination of low air density and the presence of plasma discharges. Temperature-sensitive paint and direct-current discharge were also applied to flow visualization. Three pulsed schlieren light sources were evaluated. A light-emitting diode (LED), a xenon Nanopulser(TM) and laser breakdown, were tested on identical flowfields. The LED provided excellent illumination, with pulses ranging from mu s to continuous. The Nanopulser(TM) provided excellent, short-duration images, although illumination varied from shot-to-shot. Laser-breakdown provided short-duration, incoherent illumination that was constant from pulse-to-pulse. The surface-stress-sensitive film was applied to surface flow visualization. A low-modulus elastomer doped with a luminescent dye was used to visualize the surface shear stress and pressure field in laminar shock boundary layer interactions. Intensity distributions from the dye were imaged to interrogate the surface pressure gradients. Displacement of surface markers provided shear information. Results showed the presence of Gortler vortices in the reattaching shear flow. Gortler vortices were also evident in temperature-sensitive paint images and in the plasma discharge glow. These vortices were evident in the intensity images from the elastomer, which could be related to the surface pressure gradient, but were not readily evident in surface shear measurements. C1 [Kimmel, R. L.; Hayes, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crafton, J. W.; Fonov, S. D.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Roger.Kimmel@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 EI 1951-6401 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD APR PY 2010 VL 182 IS 1 BP 125 EP 144 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2010-01229-8 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 621UI UT WOS:000279609600008 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ Collins, PJ Crittenden, PE Havrilla, MJ Terzuoli, AJ AF Barton, Richard J. Collins, Peter J. Crittenden, Paul E. Havrilla, Michael J. Terzuoli, Andrew J. TI Analytical Development of the Far-Zone Radiation Integral for an Arbitrary Planar Spiral Antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Spiral antennas; radiation integral; differential geometry; electric field integral equation; electromagnetic analysis; electromagnetic fields; electromagnetic radiation AB The planar spiral antenna's radiation integral is both conceptually and computationally complex. In the past, the far-field pattem has been found by either approximating the spiral's shape to make the computation tractable, or by using a numerical approximation. In this paper, the radiation integral for an arbitrary planar spiral antenna is now derived without approximating its shape, using a readily understandable differential-geometry analysis. This allows for physical insight into the radiation mechanisms and contributions from the various current . components that are otherwise intractable using modem computational codes, and provides a significantly more efficient algorithm in cases when mutual coupling can be neglected. In addition, this analysis and physical insight leads to an effective spiral antenna design tool. Current numerical integration techniques are applied to find the far-zone electric field for an Archimedean spiral antenna using this development. The results are compared with a numerical solution of the electric-field integral-equation formulation to validate the analysis. C1 [Barton, Richard J.; Collins, Peter J.; Crittenden, Paul E.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Terzuoli, Andrew J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, POB 3402, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1109/MAP.2010.5525561 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 683JI UT WOS:000284471700005 ER PT J AU Liang, QL Cheng, XZ Samn, SW AF Liang, Qilian Cheng, Xiuzhen Samn, Sherwood W. TI NEW: Network-Enabled Electronic Warfare for Target Recognition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM SELECTION; RADAR; SIGNAL AB Network-enabled electronic warfare (NEW) is the development of modeling and simulation efforts that explore the advantages and limitations of NEW concepts. The advantages of linking multiple electronic support measures (ESM) and electronic attack (EA) assets to achieve improved capabilities across a networked battle force have yet to be quantified. In this paper, we utilize radar sensors as ESM and EA assets to demonstrate the advantages of NEW in collaborative automatic target recognition (CATR). Signal (waveform) design for radar sensor networks (RSN) in NEW is studied theoretically. The conditions for waveform coexistence and the interferences among waveforms in RSN are analyzed. We apply the NEW to CATR via waveform diversity combining and propose maximum-likelihood (ML)-ATR algorithms for nonfluctuating targets as well as fluctuating targets. Simulation results indicate that our NEW-CATR performs much better than the single sensor-based ATR algorithm for nonfluctuating and fluctuating targets. C1 [Liang, Qilian] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Cheng, Xiuzhen] George Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Samn, Sherwood W.] USAF, Res Lab, RHX, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Liang, QL (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM liang@uta.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-07-1-0395, N00014-07-1-1024, N00014-03-1-0466]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-0721515, CNS-0831902, CCF-0956438, CNS-0347674, CNS-0721699, CNS-0831852] FX The research of Q. Liang was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant N00014-07-1-0395, N00014-07-1-1024, N00014-03-1-0466, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CNS-0721515, CNS-0831902 and CCF-0956438. The research of X. Cheng was supported in part by the NSF CAREER award CNS-0347674 and NSF under Grant CNS-0721699 and CNS-0831852. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1109/TAES.2010.5461634 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 593YS UT WOS:000277499800006 ER PT J AU Williams, CS Baker, WP Burggraf, LW Adamson, PE Petrosky, JC AF Williams, Christopher S. Baker, William P. Burggraf, Larry W. Adamson, Paul E. Petrosky, James C. TI Toward Simultaneous 2D ACAR and 2D DBAR: Sub-Pixel Spatial Characterization of a Segmented HPGe Detector Using Transient Charges SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Image charge; segmented germanium; spatial resolution; transient charge ID STRIP DETECTOR AB Sub-pixel spatial characterization of an Ortec HPGe double-sided strip detector was measured in preparation for its planned use in a positron annihilation spectrometer (PAS) to simultaneously measure the two-dimensional Angular Correlation (2D ACAR) and Doppler Broadening (2D DBAR) of Annihilation Radiation. Sr-85 514-keV photons were finely collimated onto the center of 25, equally spaced sub-pixels within a single 5-mm by 5-mm intrinsic pixel, using a collimator with an aperture diameter of 15 +/- 0.05 mm. The location of each full-energy recorded event was determined by analyzing the relative sizes of coincident transient charges on charge collection strips adjacent to the strip recording full-energy events. Interpolation, using ratios of the coincident transient charge sizes, was used to determine two-dimensional locations of full-energy events. Radial location data was fit to a function which describes a Gaussian point spread function uniformly distributed over a circular aperture. The standard deviation of the point spread function, 0.22 mm, is a measure of the spatial resolution of this detector system. The relative efficiency for detection of 514-keV photons across the intrinsic pixel was also measured. C1 [Williams, Christopher S.; Baker, William P.; Burggraf, Larry W.; Petrosky, James C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adamson, Paul E.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, HPM Technol Branch,HPM Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Williams, CS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cwilliam@afit.edu; william.baker@afit.edu; larry.burggraf@afit.edu; paul.adamson@kirt-land.af.mil; james.petrosky@afit.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Air Force Institute of Technology FX Manuscript received April 29, 2009; revised July 27, 2009. Current version published April 14, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Air Force Institute of Technology's Faculty Research Council. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 860 EP 869 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2040194 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 583MA UT WOS:000276679200018 ER PT J AU Komali, RS Thomas, RW DaSilva, LA MacKenzie, AB AF Komali, R. S. Thomas, R. W. DaSilva, L. A. MacKenzie, A. B. TI The Price of Ignorance: Distributed Topology Control in Cognitive Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cognitive networks; topology control; channel assignment; local information ID ZONE ROUTING PROTOCOL; AD HOC NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB In a cognitive network, autonomous and adaptive radios select their operating parameters to achieve individual and network-wide goals. The effectiveness of these adaptations depends on the amount of knowledge about the state of the network that is available to the radios. We examine the price of ignorance in topology control in a cognitive network with power- and spectral-efficiency objectives. We propose distributed algorithms that, if radios possess global knowledge, minimize both the maximum transmit power and the spectral footprint of the network. We show that while local (as opposed to global) knowledge has little effect on the maximum transmission power used by the network, it has a significant effect on the spectral performance. Furthermore, we show that due to the high cost of maintaining network knowledge for highly dynamic networks, the cost/performance tradeoff makes it advantageous for radios to operate under some degree of local knowledge, rather than global knowledge. We also propose distributed algorithms for power and frequency adaptations as radios join or leave the network, and assess how partial knowledge impacts the performance of these adaptations. C1 [Komali, R. S.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Wireless Networks, Aachen, Germany. [Thomas, R. W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DaSilva, L. A.; MacKenzie, A. B.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [DaSilva, L. A.] Trinity Coll Dublin, CTVR, Dublin, Ireland. RP Komali, RS (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Wireless Networks, Aachen, Germany. EM rskomali@vt.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu FU National Science Foundation [0448131]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Information and Life Sciences Directorate FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0448131 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Information and Life Sciences Directorate. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1434 EP 1445 DI 10.1109/TWC.2010.04.090400 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 585IA UT WOS:000276817400024 ER PT J AU Christensen, N AF Christensen, Nathan TI Lateral sinus thrombosis: A review of seven cases and proposal of management algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Christensen, N (reprint author), 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM nathanpc33@gmail.com NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 435 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.01.009 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 578CT UT WOS:000276271700025 PM 20144486 ER PT J AU Nixon, ME Cazacu, O Lebensohn, RA AF Nixon, Michael E. Cazacu, Oana Lebensohn, Ricardo A. TI Anisotropic response of high-purity alpha-titanium: Experimental characterization and constitutive modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Twinning; alpha-Titanium; Tension-compression asymmetry; Orthotropic elasto-plastic model; Finite element ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; HEXAGONAL MATERIALS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; YIELD CRITERION; STRAIN-RATE; DEFORMATION; TI-6AL-4V; ALLOY; MAGNESIUM AB This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the deformation behavior of high-purity, polycrystalline alpha-titanium under quasi-static conditions at room temperature. The initial material in this study was a cross-rolled plate with a strong basal texture. To quantify the plastic anisotropy and the tension-compression asymmetry of this material, monotonic tensile and compressive tests were conducted, on samples cut along different directions of the plate. A new anisotropic elastic/plastic model was developed to describe the quasi-static macroscopic response of the aggregate. Key in its formulation is the use of an anisotropic yield criterion that captures strength-differential effects and an anisotropic hardening rule that accounts for texture evolution associated to twinning. A very good agreement between FE simulations using the model developed and uniaxial data was obtained. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. [Nixon, Michael E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Lebensohn, Ricardo A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, 1350 N Posquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. EM nixon@eglin.af.mil; cazacu@reef.ufl.edu; lebenso@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 FU US Air Force [FA 8651-05-1-0005] FX The texture measurements reported in this paper were conducted at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) by Dr. Sven Vogel, whose help and input are gratefully acknowledged. O. Cazacu gratefully acknowledges the partial support for this work provided by US Air Force, Grant FA 8651-05-1-0005. NR 36 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 516 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.08.007 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 578BK UT WOS:000276268200004 ER PT J AU Szeto, T Peterson, J Silva, F AF Szeto, Tedmond Peterson, John Silva, Fernando TI A Case of Tuberculous Peritonitis in the United States in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Adalimumab SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR INHIBITORS; THERAPY; RISK; INFLIXIMAB; INFECTION; DISEASE C1 [Szeto, Tedmond; Peterson, John; Silva, Fernando] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol & Internal Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Szeto, T (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM tedmond.szeto@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181d56506 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 584CB UT WOS:000276726500009 PM 20375825 ER PT J AU White, TJ Freer, AS Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Freer, Alexander S. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Photoinduced broadening of cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELICAL TWISTING POWER; PHOTOCHROMIC FULGIDE; CHIRAL DIARYLETHENE; PITCH; SWITCHES; GRADIENT; DOPANTS AB The selective reflection of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) is well-known and has been utilized in a number of dynamic optical applications. This work presents a novel approach to passively (e.g., all-optically) cue reflection notch broadening in photoresponsive CLC formulations based on high helical twisting power (HTP) bis(azo) chiral dopants. The original reflection bandwidth of approximately 100 nm is increased to as much as 1700 nm, by exposing 36 mu m thick cells to UV light. The maximum attainable bandwidth is shown to be a function of cell thickness, light intensity, and strongly related to the HTP of the photoresponsive chiral dopants. An all-optical technique of simultaneous UV and green light exposure is demonstrated to trap the reflection notch at a predetermined position and bandwidth. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3369437] C1 [White, Timothy J.; Freer, Alexander S.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Freer, Alexander S.] Azimuth Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX We are grateful to Quan Li for contribution of chiral dopants used here. We also thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research as well as the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory for funding. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 AR 073110 DI 10.1063/1.3369437 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585AA UT WOS:000276795400011 ER PT J AU Bliss, D Wang, BG Suscavage, M Lancto, R Swider, S Eikenberry, W Lynch, C AF Bliss, David Wang, Buguo Suscavage, Michael Lancto, Robert Swider, Stacy Eikenberry, Wayne Lynch, Candace TI Ammonothermal GaN: Morphology and properties SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Characterization; Growth from solutions; Nitrides ID BULK GAN; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; PROSPECTS; NITRIDE AB Bulk crystals of gallium nitride have been grown using the ammonothermal method. Seeded growth resulted in thick, faceted GaN specimens. The crystal habit was identified and consisted of a hexagonal prism with pyramidal facets. Fast growth rates were observed on the nitrogen face and in the a-direction. The surface morphology and etching characteristics varied by growth sector. These differences have been correlated with characterization by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The material grown on the nitrogen face of the seed was of higher quality than the gallium face growth. The most promising material was grown laterally off the seed in the a-direction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bliss, David; Suscavage, Michael; Eikenberry, Wayne; Lynch, Candace] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Wang, Buguo; Lancto, Robert; Swider, Stacy] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH USA. RP Lynch, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM candace.lynch@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.007 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100006 ER PT J AU Houchens, BC Becla, P Tritchler, SE Goza, AJ Bliss, DF AF Houchens, Brent C. Becla, Piotr Tritchler, Stephanie E. Goza, Andres J. Bliss, David F. TI Crystal growth of bulk ternary semiconductors: Comparison of GaInSb growth by horizontal Bridgman and horizontal traveling heater method SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Segregation; Growth from melt; Antimonides; Semiconducting ternary compounds ID ALTERNATING MAGNETIC-FIELD; INTERFACE; ALLOYS; GASB; GAAS AB Results from the growth of bulk Ga(1-x)In(x)Sb crystals are presented. The primary challenge for ternary crystal growth is to control the composition and electrical resistivity while also reducing the concentration of defects. A modified horizontal traveling heater method (HTHM) growth process is described which accomplishes these goals. This method uses excess indium as a solvent, allowing growth of the ternary crystal at a given composition, below the liquidus temperature of the desired alloy. Lower temperature growth reduces the density of native defects such as gallium vacancies. The horizontal traveling heater method produces a zone-leveling effect on the alloy composition, so that a uniform composition crystal is obtained. The solute distribution achieved by HTHM is compared with a crystal grown by the horizontal Bridgman method. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Houchens, Brent C.; Tritchler, Stephanie E.; Goza, Andres J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Becla, Piotr] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH USA. [Bliss, David F.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Houchens, BC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM houchens@rice.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1090 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.051 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100010 ER PT J AU Zawilski, KT Schunemann, PG Pollak, TC Zelmon, DE Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK AF Zawilski, Kevin T. Schunemann, Peter G. Pollak, Thomas C. Zelmon, David E. Fernelius, Nils C. Hopkins, F. Kenneth TI Growth and characterization of large CdSiP2 single crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Directional solidification; Optical spectra; Gradient freeze technique; Non-linear optic materials ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ZNGEP2; SEMICONDUCTORS; BIREFRINGENCE; ZNSIP2; CDGEP2; PHASE AB Large, optically transparent crystals of CdSiP2 (CSP) have been grown for the first time from a stoichiometric melt. The material is a high temperature analog to ZnGeP2 with promising characteristics for IR frequency conversion. Crystals are birefringent and are transparent from 0.5 to 9 mu m. Polycrystalline charges were successfully synthesized from high purity elemental starting materials by two-temperature vapor transport despite the very high equilibrium vapor pressure (similar to 22 atm) at the melting point of CdSiP2 (1133 degrees C). Single crystals were grown using the horizontal gradient freeze (HGF) technique in high-temperature transparent furnaces. Over the course of several growth runs, the material proved to be prone to cracking and to twinning along (1 1 2) planes. Twinning was eliminated by seeded growth along directions normal to the 112 planar boundaries. Further modifications to growth conditions resulted in high optical quality, crack- and twin-free single crystals 70 x 25 x 8 mm(3). The largest CdSiP2 single crystals previously reported in the literature were grown through either halogen assisted vapor transport or from a molten Sn flux and measured 2 x 2 x 0.2 mm(3). The HGF growth of large CdSiP2 crystals has allowed several bulk properties to be measured for the first time, including the thermal expansion coefficients, thermal conductivity, and wavelength dependent birefringence and dispersion. Measurements of the optical and thermal properties reveal this to be an extremely promising material for 1-, 1.5-, and 2 mu m-pumped mid-IR lasers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zawilski, Kevin T.; Schunemann, Peter G.; Pollak, Thomas C.] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Zelmon, David E.; Fernelius, Nils C.; Hopkins, F. Kenneth] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zawilski, KT (reprint author), BAE Syst, POB 868,MER15-1813, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM zawilski@stanfordalumni.org NR 21 TC 51 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.034 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100018 ER PT J AU Giles, NC Halliburton, LE Yang, S Yang, XC Brant, AT Fernelius, NC Schunemann, PG Zawilski, KT AF Giles, N. C. Halliburton, L. E. Yang, Shan Yang, Xiaocheng Brant, A. T. Fernelius, N. C. Schunemann, P. G. Zawilski, K. T. TI Optical and EPR study of point defects in CdSiP2 crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Point defects; Gradient freeze technique; Nonlinear optical materials ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ZNGEP2; ABSORPTION; VACANCY AB Optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) are used to identify and characterize point defects in large single crystals of cadmium silicon phosphide (CdSiP2) grown by the horizontal gradient freeze method. The dominant native defects in these crystals are cadmium vacancies and phosphorus vacancies, and the primary unintentional impurities are Fe+, Fe2+, Fe4+, and Mn2+ ions. Optical absorption in the region between 1.5 and 2.5 mu m was studied at temperatures from 10 to 300 K. At lower temperatures, zero-phonon lines and phonon sidebands observed near 1.87 mu m are assigned to Fe2+ ions (similar features observed at 10 K near 1.08 mu m are assigned to Fe4+ ions). At higher temperatures, an unidentified absorption band has a peak near 1.95 mu m and a vibronically broadened absorption band due to the Fe2+ ions has a peak near 1.75 mu m. EPR lines due to Fe+ and Mn2+ ions appear near g=2. Illumination at 5 K with 632.8 nm laser light produces changes in the intensity of the Fe+ EPR spectrum and introduces a three-line EPR spectrum caused by hyperfine interactions with two phosphorus nuclei. This latter spectrum is assigned to singly ionized cadmium vacancies (V-cd(-)). Optical and EPR results from two CdSiP2 samples exhibiting different defect behaviors are compared. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Giles, N. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.; Yang, Shan; Yang, Xiaocheng; Brant, A. T.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Fernelius, N. C.] USAF, Res Lab, RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schunemann, P. G.; Zawilski, K. T.] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Giles, NC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nancy.giles@afit.edu RI Yang, Shan /F-5020-2012 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.009 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100019 ER PT J AU Singh, NB Kanner, GS Berghmans, A Kahler, D Lin, A Wagner, B Kelley, SP Knuteson, DJ Holmstrom, R Schepler, KL Peterson, R Fejer, MM Harris, JS AF Singh, N. B. Kanner, G. S. Berghmans, A. Kahler, D. Lin, A. Wagner, B. Kelley, S. P. Knuteson, D. J. Holmstrom, R. Schepler, K. L. Peterson, R. Fejer, M. M. Harris, J. S. TI Characteristics of thick ZnSe films on quasi-phase-matched (QPM) GaAs substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Physical vapor transport (PVT); Zinc selenide; Optical parametric amplification (OPA); Quasi-phase-matching (QPM); Second harmonic generation (SHG) ID ORIENTATION-PATTERNED GAAS; SELENIDE CRYSTALS; GROWTH; GENERATION; CONVERSION; QUALITY AB We have grown and characterized thick zinc selenide (ZnSe) films up to millimeter thickness on unpatterned gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers and orientation-patterned substrates by physical vapor transport. The patterns were designed to achieve alternating [0 0 1] and [0 0 (1) over bar] orientations. The quality of the films was evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and anisotropic etching to determine the morphology and crystallinity. ZnSe films grew epitaxially on the templates and X-ray rocking curves showed full widths at half maximum (FWHM) less than 0.2 degrees. Orientation-patterning up to hundreds of microns film thickness was verified by SEM and etching profiles. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kanner, G. S.; Kelley, S. P.; Holmstrom, R.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. [Singh, N. B.; Berghmans, A.; Kahler, D.; Wagner, B.; Knuteson, D. J.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Lin, A.; Harris, J. S.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, EL Gintzon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schepler, K. L.; Peterson, R.] USAF, Res Lab, RYJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kanner, GS (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 600 Hicks Rd, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. EM nb.singh@ngc.com; gary.kanner@ngc.com RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1142 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.054 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100021 ER PT J AU Tassev, V Bliss, D Lynch, C Yapp, C Goodhue, W Termkoa, K AF Tassev, Vladimir Bliss, David Lynch, Candace Yapp, Calvin Goodhue, William Termkoa, Krongtip TI Low pressure-temperature-gas flow HVPE growth of GaP for nonlinear optical frequency conversion devices SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Hydride vapor phase epitaxy; Gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide; Nonlinear optic materials ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GAAS FILMS AB This paper describes advances in the development of quasi-phase-matched (QPM) gallium phosphide (GaP) crystals for agile laser sources in the mid-infrared regions between 3-5 and 8-12 mu m. In the quest for a nonlinear optical material with the potential to efficiently convert near infrared energy (wavelength similar to 1 mu m) to a powerful mid-infrared source, we have investigated the growth of GaP by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The process is shown to produce high quality thick layers at rapid growth rates in a low-pressure horizontal reactor. This process was used to grow thick layers on orientation-patterned (OP) templates. The OP-GaP templates were fabricated by lithographic patterning of inverted wafer-fused GaP. HVPE growth on both OP-GaP and OP-GaAs templates was performed, showing that HVPE can successfully replicate the initial template pattern. However, for longer growth duration at given conditions the patterned structure can be lost, with annihilation of every other domain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tassev, Vladimir; Bliss, David; Lynch, Candace] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Yapp, Calvin] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Goodhue, William; Termkoa, Krongtip] Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Tassev, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Vladimir.Tassev@hanscom.af.mil RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1149 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.053 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100022 ER PT J AU Hethcox, JM Mackey, SA Fowler, CB Kirkpatrick, TC Deas, DE AF Hethcox, Joshua M. Mackey, Scott A. Fowler, Craig B. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. Deas, David E. TI Case Report: Diagnosis and Treatment of a Botryoid Odontogenic Cyst Found in the Maxillary Anterior Region SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Botryoid; cyst; odontogenic; radiolucency ID LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST; REGENERATION AB Introduction: The botryoid odontogenic cyst (BOC) is a multicompartmentalized variant of the lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) that is typically found in the premolar-canine region of the mandible. Methods: A 60-year old man was referred for evaluation of a radiolucent lesion discovered on a routine examination. Radiographs revealed a unilocular radiolucency between the roots of teeth #10 and #11. Clinically, the site appeared normal with minimal probing depths, and there were no signs of swelling, bleeding, or mobility of the adjacent teeth. The pulps of both teeth responded to cold without lingering. After patient consent, the lesion was accessed by a mucoperiosteal flap, curetted from its bony cavity, and submitted for biopsy. The site was then treated with a bone allograft and a collagen membrane. Results: The diagnosis of a BOC was made based on location and the histopathological findings of multiple cystic spaces lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The 22-month follow-up revealed a normal clinical appearance with evidence of radiographic bone fill at the site of the lesion. Conclusion: This case shows an unusual presentation of a BOC in both location and radiographic appearance and emphasizes the importance of a microscopic examination of unilocular lesions when associated with teeth having normal responding vital pulps. The relatively high recurrence rate for the BOC warrants periodic follow-up. (J Endod 2010;36:751-754) C1 [Mackey, Scott A.; Deas, David E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fowler, Craig B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Timothy C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hethcox, Joshua M.] 1st Dent Squadron, Dept Periodont, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Deas, DE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, 59th Dent Training Squadron SGDTT,2450 Pepperrell, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM David.deas@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD APR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2010.01.013 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 582EB UT WOS:000276577800033 PM 20307758 ER PT J AU Simoes, R Silva, J Vaia, R AF Simoes, Ricardo Silva, Jaime Vaia, Richard TI A Complex Network Based Simulation Approach to Predict the Electrical Properties of Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Advanced Nano Materials CY 2008 CL Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, PORTUGAL HO Univ Aveiro DE Nanocomposites; Computer Simulation; Complex Networks; Nanotube network; Dielectric Properties ID 3 DIMENSIONS; BREAKDOWN; PARTICLES; MODEL AB It is well known that the addition of conducting fillers to a polymeric matrix can result in a significant improvement of its electrical and mechanical properties. Although the electrical properties of heterogeneous composites have been widely investigated in the past years, the electrical properties of composites containing carbon nanotubes are not sufficiently understood. In order to explore the potential application of complex network methods to nanocomposites, we developed a computer model that employs the Graph theory to represent and study such physical systems. From the virtual models of nanotube networks dispersed in dielectric polymeric matrices and by applying the boundary element method to numerically solve an electrostatic problem, we build a weighted network. The developed model can easily be adapted to the study of a variety of issues related to electrical behavior of filled nanocomposites. In this paper we present results from simulations aimed at studying the effect of orientation of individual nanotubes and distance between pairs of nanotubes on the capacitance. The study was also extended to the effect of the alignment of the entire nanotube network on the dielectric constant and the dielectric strength of the nanocomposite. C1 [Simoes, Ricardo; Silva, Jaime] Univ Minho, IPC, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Simoes, Ricardo] Polytech Inst Cavado & Ave, P-4750117 Urb Quinta Da Formiga, Arcozelo BCL, Portugal. [Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simoes, R (reprint author), Univ Minho, IPC, Campus Azurem, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. RI Simoes, Ricardo/C-4120-2011; Silva, Jaime/B-5891-2009; Simoes, Ricardo/J-7033-2013 OI Silva, Jaime/0000-0002-1520-0799; Simoes, Ricardo/0000-0002-3097-8849 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2451 EP 2457 DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.1373 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 548RW UT WOS:000273984900026 PM 20355447 ER PT J AU Walsh, BM Matthews, RA Tuller, MD Parks, KM McDonald, DP AF Walsh, Benjamin M. Matthews, Russell A. Tuller, Michael D. Parks, Kizzy M. McDonald, Daniel P. TI A Multilevel Model of the Effects of Equal Opportunity Climate on Job Satisfaction in the Military SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE equal opportunity climate; cohesion; job satisfaction; job stress; multilevel structural equation modeling ID RESERVE COMPONENT PERSONNEL; PROCEDURAL JUSTICE CLIMATE; SEXUAL-HARASSMENT; ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; VIOLENCE CLIMATE; WORK OUTCOMES; PERCEPTIONS; STRESS; PERFORMANCE AB To date, minimal work has explored associations between equal opportunity (EO) climate and employee work attitudes, and no known research has investigated the effects of EO climate beyond the individual level. We address these gaps in the literature by testing a multilevel structural equation model in which effects of EO climate are considered at both the individual and unit levels. At the individual level, we predicted that psychological EO climate would be directly associated with job stress and job satisfaction, as well as indirectly related to job satisfaction via stress. In addition, cross-level associations between unit EO climate and job stress and job satisfaction were hypothesized to be mediated by cohesion. Findings supported the proposed model; hypothesized relations were supported at both levels of analysis. We conclude with a discussion of the findings, study limitations, and directions for future EO climate research. C1 [Walsh, Benjamin M.; Tuller, Michael D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Matthews, Russell A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Parks, Kizzy M.] K Parks Consulting Inc, Melbourne, FL USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.] Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Walsh, BM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM benjamin.walsh@uconn.edu OI Matthews, Russell/0000-0003-3709-2757 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [5 T01 OH008610-04] NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-8998 J9 J OCCUP HEALTH PSYCH JI J. Occup. Health Psychol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 15 IS 2 BP 191 EP 207 DI 10.1037/a0018756 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Applied SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA 581WV UT WOS:000276557200008 PM 20364916 ER PT J AU Castellan, E Shah, SR Raj, R AF Castellan, Enzo Shah, Sandeep R. Raj, Rishi TI Compression Creep of Alumina Containing Interfacial Silicon, Carbon, and Nitrogen, Derived from a Polysilazane Precursor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Silicon, carbon, and nitrogen were introduced into alumina polycrystals by in situ pyrolysis of a polysilazane precursor. These specimens were tested in compression creep from 1300 degrees to 1400 degrees C at stresses ranging from 60 to 120 MPa. The creep rates were comparable with those obtained by Thompson and colleagues. in nanocomposites, which had been fabricated by the powder route from alumina and silicon carbide. The convergence of these two data sets suggests that the retardation of creep rate in these composites is likely due to a chemical alteration of the grain boundaries in alumina, which either retards interfacial diffusion or creates an interface reaction barrier to diffusional creep, or both. A threshold stress and the absence of primary creep are unusual manifestations of the present experiments. C1 [Castellan, Enzo; Raj, Rishi] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Castellan, Enzo] Univ Trent, Dept Mat Engn & Ind Technol DIMTI, Trento, Italy. [Shah, Sandeep R.] USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, CAStLE, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Raj, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rishi.raj@colorado.edu OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 FU National Science Foundation [0502781]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Ceramics Program in the Division of Materials Research at the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0502781, and in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 954 EP 958 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03515.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 577TK UT WOS:000276246700014 ER PT J AU Wroblewski, DE Cote, OR Hacker, JM Dobosy, RJ AF Wroblewski, Donald E. Cote, Owen R. Hacker, Jorg M. Dobosy, Ronald J. TI Velocity and Temperature Structure Functions in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from High-Resolution Aircraft Measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ BILLOWS; KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTRUM; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; SHEAR FLOWS; TROPOPAUSE; EVOLUTION; AIRBORNE; STRATIFICATION AB High-resolution measurements obtained from NOAA "best" atmospheric turbulence (BAT) probes mounted on an EGRETT high-altitude research aircraft were used to characterize turbulence in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at scales from 2 m to 20 km, focusing on three-dimensional behavior in the sub-kilometer-scale range. Data were analyzed for 129 separate level flight segments representing 41 h of flight time and 12 600 km of wind-relative flight distances. The majority of flights occurred near the tropopause layer of the winter subtropical jet stream in the Southern Hemisphere. Second-order structure functions for velocity and temperature were analyzed for the separate level-flight segments, individually and in various ensembles. A 3D scaling range was observed at scales less than about 100 m, with power-law exponents for the structure functions of the velocity component in the flight direction varying mostly between 0.4 and 0.75 for the separate flight segments, but close to (2)/(3) for the ensemble-averaged curves for all levels and for various sub-ensembles. Structure functions in the 3D scaling range were decoupled from those at scales greater than 10 km, with the large-scale structure functions showing less variation than those at smaller scales. Weakly anisotropic behavior was observed in the 3D range, with structure parameters for the lateral and vertical velocities on the same order as those in the flight direction but deviating from the expected isotropic value. Anisotropy was correlated with turbulence intensity, with greater anisotropy associated with weaker turbulence. C1 [Wroblewski, Donald E.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02482 USA. [Cote, Owen R.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. [Hacker, Jorg M.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Dobosy, Ronald J.] NOAA, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wroblewski, DE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 110 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02482 USA. EM dew11@bu.edu RI Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016 OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774 FU National Research Council FX The authors acknowledge the continued support of Dr. Arje Nachman of AFOSR. DEW was supported by the National Research Council, through the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship and Senior Research Associateship programs. Special acknowledgement goes to the late Timothy Crawford of NOAA who designed and built the turbulence probes and who championed the use of small aircraft for studying big turbulence issues. Thanks to Joe Werne, Colorado Research Associates, Northwest Research Associates, for kindly providing his unpublished DNS results and for his input and discussions regarding Kelvin-Helmholtz layer development. The authors are also grateful to the reviewers for their insightful and very useful comments and suggestions. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1170 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3108.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585MK UT WOS:000276829400015 ER PT J AU Cleary, JW Peale, RE Shelton, DJ Boreman, GD Smith, CW Ishigami, M Soref, R Drehman, A Buchwald, WR AF Cleary, J. W. Peale, R. E. Shelton, D. J. Boreman, G. D. Smith, C. W. Ishigami, M. Soref, R. Drehman, A. Buchwald, W. R. TI IR permittivities for silicides and doped silicon SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NICKEL SILICIDES; WAVE-GUIDE; CONSTANTS; FILMS; ELLIPSOMETRY; WAVELENGTH; DISILICIDE; METALS; PD2SI AB The complex permittivity for Pt, Pd, Ni, and Ti-silicide films as well as heavily doped p-and n-type silicon were determined by ellipsometry over the energy range 0.031 eV to 4.0 eV. Fits to the Drude model gave bulk plasma and relaxation frequencies. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and four-point probe measurements complemented the optical characterization. Calculations from measured permittivities of waveguide loss and mode confinement suggest that the considered materials are better suited for long-wavelength surface-plasmon-polariton waveguide applications than metal films. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Cleary, J. W.; Peale, R. E.; Smith, C. W.; Ishigami, M.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Shelton, D. J.; Boreman, G. D.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Soref, R.; Drehman, A.; Buchwald, W. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM peale@mail.ucf.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA8718-07C-0036, FA8718-06-C-0076, FA95501010030]; LRIR (Gernot Pomrenke) [09RY09COR] FX This work was supported by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) contract numbers FA8718-07C-0036, FA8718-06-C-0076, FA95501010030, and LRIR 09RY09COR (Gernot Pomrenke). NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 730 EP 734 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 577BN UT WOS:000276196000018 ER PT J AU Bailie, ST Ng, WF Copenhaver, WW AF Bailie, S. Todd Ng, Wing F. Copenhaver, William W. TI Experimental Reduction of Transonic Fan Forced Response by Inlet Guide Vane Flow Control SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; blades; fatigue; flow control; rotors; stators; transonic flow AB The main contributor to the high cycle fatigue of compressor blades is the response to aerodynamic forcing functions generated by an upstream row of stators or inlet guide vanes. Resonant response to engine order excitation at certain rotor speeds can be especially damaging. Studies have shown that flow control by trailing edge blowing (TEB) can reduce stator wake strength and the amplitude of the downstream rotor blade vibrations generated by the unsteady stator-rotor interaction. In the present study, the effectiveness of TEB to reduce forced fan blade vibrations was evaluated in a modern single-stage transonic fan rig. Data were collected for multiple uniform full-span TEB conditions over a range of rotor speeds including multiple modal resonance crossings. Resonant response sensitivity was generally characterized by a robust region of strong attenuation. The baseline resonant amplitude of the first torsion mode, which exceeded the endurance limit on the critical blade, was reduced by more than 80% with TEB at 1.0% of the total rig flow. The technique was also found to be modally robust; similar reductions were achieved for all tested modal crossings, including more than 90% reduction in the second leading-edge bending response using 0.7% of the rig flow. C1 [Bailie, S. Todd; Copenhaver, William W.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bailie, S. Todd; Ng, Wing F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bailie, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM samuel.bailie@wpafb.af.mil; wng@vt.edu; william.copenhaver@wpafb.af.mil RI Ng, Wing/F-2447-2014 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 2 AR 021003 DI 10.1115/1.3140823 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 547HH UT WOS:000273877000003 ER PT J AU Cloran, FJ Banks, KP Song, WS Kim, Y Bradley, YC AF Cloran, Francis J. Banks, Kevin P. Song, Won S. Kim, Young Bradley, Yong C. TI Limitations of dual time point PET in the assessment of lung nodules with low FDG avidity SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE Dual time point; Delayed imaging; Positron emission tomography; Lung cancer; Lung nodule; SUV ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PULMONARY NODULES; F-18-FDG PET; DIAGNOSIS AB FDG PET has long shown efficacy in the evaluation of indeterminate pulmonary nodules. More recently, the use of dual time point imaging has been looked at as a means for improving sensitivity and accuracy. While initial reports were very promising, more recent results looking specifically at pulmonary lesions with low levels of FDG avidity demonstrated limitations. These lesions (initial maximum standard uptake value of less than 2.5) are of particular interest due to the fact that well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, broncheoaveolar carcinoma and carcinoid may have low FDG avidity on standard PET imaging, leading to false-negative exams. Our study retrospectively reviewed the accuracy of dual time point (DTP) FDG PET imaging to determine if it aided in the identification of malignant pulmonary nodules when initial time point imaging showed a maximum SUV of less than 2.5. 113 patients had undergone a total of 130 DTP PET/CT with 152 lesions assessed. 67 lesions were subsequently definitively diagnosed as benign or malignant based upon biopsy or imaging follow-up. Utilizing a maximum SUV increase of 10%, which optimizes our sensitivity and specificity; our results demonstrate a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 59%, similar to other investigators evaluating lesions with low FDG avidity Increasing or decreasing this threshold did not improve our results, nor did the addition of lesions with maximum SUV's of 2.5 or greater on initial imaging. Specifically in nodules with low FDG avidity (max SUV < 2.5), the sensitivity was 61%, specificity 58%, and accuracy was 60%. Our findings suggest that DTP FOG PET may not be of benefit in the assessment of pulmonary nodules with maximum SUV of less than 2.5 on initial imaging. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Cloran, Francis J.; Banks, Kevin P.; Song, Won S.; Kim, Young; Bradley, Yong C.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cloran, Francis J.; Kim, Young] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kevin.banks@amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER JI Lung Cancer PD APR PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.05.013 PG 6 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 579NN UT WOS:000276378400010 PM 19559496 ER PT J AU Mceldowney, DJ Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB AF Mceldowney, Dale J. Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu Miracle, Daniel B. TI Heat-Treatment Effects on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Modified with Boron SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Materials held at the 2009 TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mech Behav Mat Comm, Structural Mat Div, Nanomech Mat Comm, Mfg & Proc Mat Div, Chem & Phys Mat Comm, Structural Mat & Elect, Magnetic & Photon Mat Div, Hysitron Inc, Allied High Tech Inc, FEI ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; REINFORCEMENT AB The Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) alloys modified with two levels of boron (1B and 1.7B (wt pct)) representing hypoeutectic and hypereutectic compositions, produced via a prealloyed powder metallurgy approach, were subjected to various standard heat treatments of Ti-64 to study the microstructural evolution and its influence on tensile properties. Boron-modified Ti-64 (Ti-64B) alloys exhibited differences in microstructural response to heat treatment compared to that of Ti-64 due to variations in constituent phase fractions and the influence of TiB on the beta-to-alpha phase transformation kinetics. The tensile elastic modulus of Ti-64B alloys increased nearly linearly with the boron content (or TiB volume fraction) and the increase could be satisfactorily predicted with an isostrain rule of mixtures (ROMs) and the Halpin-Tsai model. The Ti-64-1B possessed a good combination of tensile strength (1200 to1370 MPa) and ductility (10 to 13 pct), while Ti-64-1.7B exhibited high strength (1300 to 1695 MPa) and modest ductility (2 to 3.5 pct). Coarse primary TiB particles present in Ti-64-1.7B were found to initiate premature failure. Strength modeling revealed that load sharing by the micron-sized TiB whiskers provides the major contribution for the increase in yield strength. C1 [Mceldowney, Dale J.] Emerson Technol, Sydney, OH 45365 USA. [Mceldowney, Dale J.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mceldowney, DJ (reprint author), Emerson Technol, Sydney, OH 45365 USA. EM seshacharyulu.tamirisakandala.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 41A IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1015 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0157-y PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 567KI UT WOS:000275445100028 ER PT J AU Govorov, AO Fan, ZY Hernandez, P Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Govorov, Alexander O. Fan, Zhiyuan Hernandez, Pedro Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Theory of Circular Dichroism of Nanomaterials Comprising Chiral Molecules and Nanocrystals: Plasmon Enhancement, Dipole Interactions, and Dielectric Effects SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; optical properties; circular dichroism; plasmons ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; HYBRID EXCITONS; RESONANCE; FLUORESCENCE AB Our calculations show that a nonchiral nanocrystal is able to dramatically change the circular dichroism (CD) of a chiral molecule when the nanocrystal and molecule form a complex and couple via dipole and multipole Coulomb interactions. Plasmon resonances of metal nanocrystals in the nanocrystal molecule complex result in both the resonant enhancement of CD signals of molecules and the appearance of new spectral structures. Two mechanisms, in which a nanocrystal can influence the CD effect, have been identified. The first mechanism is the plasmon-induced change in the electromagnetic field inside the chiral molecule. The second is the optical absorption of the nanocrystal molecule complex due to the chiral currents inside the metal nanocrystal induced by the dipole of the chiral molecule. The First mechanism creates a change in the angle between the effective electric and magnetic dipoles of the molecule. This mechanism can lead to symmetry breaking and to a plasmon-induced CD signal of the nonchiral molecule. Both mechanisms create interesting Fano-like shapes in the CD spectra. Importantly, the second mechanism gives the main contribution to the CD signal at the plasmon frequency when the absorption band of the chiral molecule is far from the plasmon resonance. This may happen in many cases since many biomolecules are optically active in the UV range, whereas plasmon resonances in commonly used nanometals are found at longer wavelengths. As concrete examples, the paper describes alpha-helix and calixarene ligand molecules coupled with metal nanocrystals. The above results are also applied to complexes incorporating semiconductor nanocrystals. The results obtained here can be used to design a variety of hybrid nanostructures with enhanced and tailored optical chirality in the visible wavelength range. C1 [Govorov, Alexander O.; Fan, Zhiyuan; Hernandez, Pedro] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Govorov, AO (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM Govorov@ohiou.edu RI Fan, Zhiyuan/C-2504-2015 OI Fan, Zhiyuan/0000-0002-9312-2271 FU Air Force Research Laboratories (Dayton, OH); Air Force Office of Scientific Research, NSF; BNNT Initiative at Ohio U. FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratories (Dayton, OH), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, NSF (A.O.G.), and the BNNT Initiative at Ohio U. (A.O.G.). NR 42 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 19 U2 180 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1374 EP 1382 DI 10.1021/nl100010v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100050 PM 20184381 ER PT J AU Park, K Koerner, H Vaia, RA AF Park, Kyoungweon Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. TI Depletion-Induced Shape and Size Selection of Gold Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Shape separation; gold nanorods; depletion interaction; scale-up purification; nanoparticles ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ASPECT-RATIO; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NANORODS; SEPARATION; SURFACTANTS; NANOCRYSTALS; PURIFICATION; TRANSITIONS; MIXTURES AB For nanoparticle-based technologies, efficient and rapid approaches that yield particles of high purity with a specific shape and size are critical to optimize the nanostructure-dependent optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, and not bias conclusions due to the existence of impurities. Notwithstanding the continual improvement of chemical methods for shaped nanoparticle synthesis, byproducts are inevitable. Separation of these impurities may be achieved, albeit inefficiently, through repeated centrifugation steps only when the sedimentation coefficient of the species shows sufficient contrast. We demonstrate a robust and efficient procedure of shape and size selection of Au nanoparticles (NPs) through the formation of reversible flocculates by surfactant micelle induced depletion interaction. Au NP flocculates form at a critical surfactant micelle molar concentration. C(m)* where the number of surfactant micelles is sufficient to induce an attractive potential energy between the Au NPs. Since the magnitude of this potential depends on the interparticle contact area of Au NPs, separation is achieved even for the NPs of the same mass with different shape by tuning the surfactant concentration and extracting flocculates from the sediment by centrifugation or gravitational sedimentation. The refined NPs are redispersed by subsequently decreasing the surfactant concentration to reduce the effective attractive potential. These concepts provide a robust method to improve the quality of large scale synthetic approaches of a diverse array of NPs, as well as fine-tune interparticle interactions for directed assembly, both crucial challenges to the continual realization of the broad technological potential of monodispersed NPs. C1 [Park, Kyoungweon; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for financial support We would like to thank Dr. Alexander Hexemer for guidance. setup and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source/LBNL. NR 36 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 10 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1433 EP 1439 DI 10.1021/nl100345u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100060 PM 20349972 ER PT J AU Barrera, JE Chang, RC Popelka, GR Holbrook, AB AF Barrera, Jose E. Chang, Ray C. Popelka, Gerald R. Holbrook, Andrew B. TI Reliability of airway obstruction analyses from Sleep MRI sequences SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery-Foundation CY OCT 04-07, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Fdn ID APNEA AB OBJECTIVE: A real-time MRI "movie" during natural sleep ("Sleep MRI") allows observation of dynamic airway obstructions in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. The purpose of this article was to determine the reliability of assessing these obstructions. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional diagnostic test evaluation. SETTING: Academic referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 23 Sleep MRI sequences randomly selected from 20 consecutive OSAS patients were analyzed by two experienced sleep surgeons on two separate occasions separated by at least two weeks. Five dimensions were assessed: presence or absence of any obstruction, presence or absence of a retropalatal obstruction, presence or absence of a retroglossal obstruction, presence or absence of a swallow, and duration of an obstructive event. RESULTS: For all dimensions measured, intra-rater reliability coefficients ranged from a low of 0.95 to a high of 1.0 for each rater. Inter-rater reliability coefficients ranged from a low of 0.85 to a high of 1.0. On two separate evaluations separated by at least two weeks, rater 1 identified a retropalatal obstruction in 100 percent of sequences, whereas rater 2 did so in 91 percent and 96 percent of the sequences, respectively. Retroglossal obstruction was identified in 57 percent (rater 1) and 65 percent (rater 2) of sequences. CONCLUSION: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability coefficients are very high for determination of presence or absence of any obstruction, presence or absence of a retropalatal obstruction, presence or absence of a retroglossal obstruction, presence or absence of a swallow, and duration of obstruction from Sleep MRI sequences in OSAS patients. (C) 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Barrera, Jose E.; Chang, Ray C.; Popelka, Gerald R.] Stanford Univ, Div Sleep Surg, Dept Otolaryngol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Holbrook, Andrew B.] Stanford Univ, Div Bioengn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Barrera, Jose E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Sleep Surg, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Barrera, JE (reprint author), 59 SSS SGO20,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jose.barrera@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 142 IS 4 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.01.003 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 575MO UT WOS:000276071400010 PM 20304272 ER PT J AU Razdobarin, AG Basun, SA Bursian, VE Sochava, LS Evans, DR AF Razdobarin, A. G. Basun, S. A. Bursian, V. E. Sochava, L. S. Evans, D. R. TI A Fe[Nb]-Li center in stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals: Mechanism of formation SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE CRYSTALS; FE3+; CONGRUENT; SITES; IONS AB A new iron center in stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals has been studied by the EPR method. The angular dependences of the EPR spectrum of the center have been used to derive the parameters of its spin Hamiltonian. The data amassed on the variation in the concentrations of two iron centers in lithium niobate crystals annealed in a Li2CO3 powder have provided an insight into the mechanism of formation of the new center, as well as corroborated its model proposed by us earlier. According to this model, the center represents a complex of two defects aligned with the polar axis in the crystal: the iron ion at the niobium site and an interstitial lithium ion filling the nearest structural vacancy (Fe3+[Nb]-Li+[V]). The structure of other Fe3+ centers revealed earlier in LiNbO3 crystals, in which the iron ion occupies the niobium site, has been discussed. C1 [Razdobarin, A. G.; Basun, S. A.; Bursian, V. E.; Sochava, L. S.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Basun, S. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Razdobarin, AG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM Aleksey.Razdobarin@mail.ioffe.ru FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [CRDF, RUP2-1521-ST-09] FX We would like to thank Academician A. A. Kaplyan-skii for his interest in the work and support, as well as A.P. Skvortsov for his assistance in the performance of the optical experiments.; This study was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (grant CRDF, RUP2-1521-ST-09). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 BP 706 EP 711 DI 10.1134/S1063783410040062 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 588TY UT WOS:000277098200006 ER PT J AU Roy, S Gord, JR Patnaik, AK AF Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Patnaik, Anil K. TI Recent advances in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy: Fundamental developments and applications in reacting flows SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Laser diagnostics; Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; Thermometry; Species concentration; Reacting flows; Ultrafast spectroscopy; Time-resolved spectroscopy; Single-shot spectroscopy ID DUAL-BROAD-BAND; TIME-RESOLVED CARS; MODELESS DYE-LASER; SPECIES CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; OXYGEN-CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; CO2 CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; LAMINAR PREMIXED FLAMES; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ROTATIONAL CARS; HIGH-PRESSURE AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy is widely used for measuring temperature and species concentration in reacting flows. This paper reviews the advances made over the last twelve years in the development and application of CARS spectroscopy in gas-phase reacting flows. The advent of high-power nanosecond (ns) lasers and off-the-shelf compact picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (ps) lasers is enabling the rapid expansion of the application of single-shot or high-bandwidth CARS spectroscopy in a way that would have been quite unimaginable two decades ago. Furthermore, compact ps lasers are paving the way for the development of a fiber-based CARS system for use in harsh environments. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of recent progresses in ns-, ps-, and fs-CARS spectroscopy for gas-phase thermometry and species-concentration measurements since the second edition of A.C. Eckbreth's book entitled Loser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species, which was published in 1996. During the last two decades, four encompassing issues have driven the fundamental development and application of CARS spectroscopy in reacting flows: 1) measurement of temperature and concentration of multiple species with one CARS system, 2) extension of the application of traditional ns-CARS to challenging reacting flow environments. 3) performance of nonresonant background-free and collision-free measurements in high-pressure reacting flows, and 4) measurement of temperature and species concentration at high bandwidth, typically 1 kHz or greater, to address the instability and transient phenomena associated with turbulent reacting flows in the combustors and augmentors of modern propulsion systems. This review is focused on identifying and discussing the recent results of gas-phase CARS spectroscopy related to the four issues mentioned above. The feasibility of performing high-bandwidth CARS spectroscopy with one laser beam as well as the potential of tailored fs lasers for thermometry and species-concentration measurements in gas-phase reacting flows are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.; Patnaik, Anil K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Ste 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge a host of outstanding colleagues and collaborators with whom we have interacted over the course of the past decade in the area of CARS spectroscopy. Their tremendous expertise and enthusiasm have contributed immeasurably to many of the efforts described in this review. Of particular note are the contributions of Prof. Robert P. Lucht, Prof. Terrence R. Meyer, Prof. Marcus Dantus, Dr. Thomas B. Settersten, Dr. Waruna D. Kulatilaka, Dr. Paul S. Hsu, Dr. Sameer V. Naik, Mr. Daniel R. Richardson, and Mr. Paul J. Kinnius. The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract no. FA8650-09-C-2001, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager), and the editorial assistance provided by Ms. Marian Whitaker and Ms. Laura Wailes. NR 201 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 9 U2 126 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 280 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.001 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 566FZ UT WOS:000275356800004 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, K Genin, F Nance, DV Menon, S AF Balakrishnan, Kaushik Genin, Franklin Nance, Doug V. Menon, Suresh TI Numerical study of blast characteristics from detonation of homogeneous explosives SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE Detonation; Blast wave; Overpressure; Impulse; Instability ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SHOCK DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; RANGE; GASES; FLOWS; MODEL; WAVE AB A new robust numerical methodology is used to investigate the propagation of blast waves from homogeneous explosives. The gas-phase governing equations are solved using a hybrid solver that combines a higher-order shock capturing scheme with a low-dissipation central scheme. Explosives of interest include Nitromethane, Trinitrotoluene, and High-Melting Explosive. The shock overpressure and total impulse are estimated at different radial locations and compared for the different explosives. An empirical scaling correlation is presented for the shock overpressure, incident positive phase pressure impulse, and total impulse. The role of hydrodynamic instabilities to the blast effects of explosives is also investigated in three dimensions, and significant mixing between the detonation products and air is observed. This mixing results in afterburn, which is found to augment the impulse characteristics of explosives. Furthermore, the impulse characteristics are also observed to be three-dimensional in the region of the mixing layer. This paper highlights that while some blast features can be successfully predicted from simple one-dimensional studies, the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities and the impulsive loading of homogeneous explosives require robust three-dimensional investigation. C1 [Balakrishnan, Kaushik; Genin, Franklin; Menon, Suresh] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nance, Doug V.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Menon, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM suresh.menon@aerospace.gatech.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Eglin Air Force Base FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Eglin Air Force Base. Simulations were performed at the Naval Oceanographic Office and U. S. Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center. The first author acknowledges the brief private communications with Dr. Allen Kuhl of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD APR PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 147 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s00193-009-0236-4 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 575LU UT WOS:000276069300006 ER PT J AU Loffredo, E Palazzo, AJ Senesi, N Clapp, CE Bashore, TL AF Loffredo, Elisabetta Palazzo, Antonio J. Senesi, Nicola Clapp, C. Edward Bashore, Terry L. TI Germination and Early Growth of Slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) as Affected by Desert Soil Humic Acids SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Slickspot peppergrass; soil humic acids; germination; early growth ID BRASSICACEAE AB Slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) is a biennial, or possibly perennial, endemic plant growing in the Southern Idaho high desert in visually distinct small-scale depressions in soils that collect water (so-called slickspots). Lepidium papilliferum establishes seed banks not germinating the first year but remaining dormant and viable for several years. Humic acids (HA) are universally considered to be the most important, abundant, and biologically and chemically active fractions of soil organic matter and are known to affect plant growth by various mechanisms, depending on their origin, nature, and concentration. The effects of HA in slickspot soils and how they relate to the possibility of being a factor in restoring native plants is only partially known. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of HA isolated from three different layers within the soil pro. le (silt, vesicular, and clay) from inside a representative slickspot on the germination and early growth of slickspot peppergrass. Furthermore, these effects were tentatively related to the chemical, physicochemical, compositional, structural, and functional characteristics of the HA. Results of statistical analysis showed that both the type and concentration of the three HA examined exert a highly significant or significant effect on the germination and early growth of slickspot peppergrass as a function of the soil depth from which the HA originated in the slickspot. In particular, germination seemed to be enhanced, especially at higher concentrations, by the less hydrophobic HA, rich in oxygen and total sugars, present in the bottom clay soil layer, whereas root growth and shoot growth were positively influenced by the more hydrophobic and probably more polycondensed HA, rich in C, H, N, and phenolic OH present in the top layer rich in silt. C1 [Loffredo, Elisabetta; Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Palazzo, Antonio J.] ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bashore, Terry L.] Airfield Operat Div, HQ ACC A3A, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Loffredo, E (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM loffredo@agr.uniba.it OI Loffredo, Elisabetta/0000-0003-0783-5193 FU U.S. Army European Research Office, London, England [N62558-03-M-0010]; USACE Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDD) [A896] FX This work was supported by the Research Contract No. N62558-03-M-0010 of the U.S. Army European Research Office, London, England. The authors acknowledge the funding support from the USACE Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDD) A896 RDT&E program in the project entitled Influence of Seedbanks on the Emergence of Buried Seeds to Predict Future Populations of Invasive and Endangered Species under the Habitat-Centric Species at Risk (SAR) Research to Avoid Future Training Restrictions work package. This work is part of a study on Recovery and Management of Slickspot Peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) at the Air Force Juniper Butte Training Range, ID, Classification, Seed Viability, and the Role of Slickspots, funded by the Airspace, Ranges, and Air field Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA. The opinions and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reject those of the U. S. Air Force, United States Army, or the federal government. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 4 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181d9942e PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 587WT UT WOS:000277027400005 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Globular structure of a human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease (1DIFA dimer) in an effective solvent medium by a Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE enzymes; molecular biophysics; molecular configurations; Monte Carlo methods; physiological models ID HIV-1 PROTEASE; DYNAMICS; PEPTIDE; MODEL AB A coarse-grained model is used to study the structure and dynamics of a human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease (1DIFA dimer) consisting of 198 residues in an effective solvent medium on a cubic lattice by Monte Carlo simulations for a range of interaction strengths. Energy and mobility profiles of residues are found to depend on the interaction strength and exhibit remarkable segmental symmetries in two monomers. Lowest energy residues such as Arg(41) and Arg(140) (most electrostatic and polar) are not the least mobile; despite the higher energy, the hydrophobic residues (Ile, Leu, and Val) are least mobile and form the core by pinning down the local segments for the globular structure. Variations in the gyration radius (R(g)) and energy (E(c)) of the protein show nonmonotonic dependence on the interaction strength with the smallest R(g) around the largest value of E(c). Pinning of the conformations by the hydrophobic residues at high interaction strength seems to provide seed for the protein chain to collapse. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX Support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Diana Flosenzier for careful reading and editing the manuscript. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 125101 DI 10.1063/1.3358340 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700048 PM 20370150 ER PT J AU Singamaneni, S Kharlampieva, E Jang, JH McConney, ME Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Thomas, EL Tsukruk, VV AF Singamaneni, Srikanth Kharlampieva, Eugenia Jang, Ji-Hyun McConney, Michael E. Jiang, Hao Bunning, Thimoty J. Thomas, Edwin L. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Metalized Porous Interference Lithographic Microstructures via Biofunctionalization SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; PLASMA-POLYMERIZED FILMS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; FORCE MICROSCOPY; PATTERN TRANSFORMATION; TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; TEMPLATES AB Metallization and a resulting enhancement in the mechanical properties of periodic porous polymer microstructures via bio-functionalization is reported. The size and density of the gold nanoparticles are tuned by varying the polyamino-acid-deposition technique (solution-assisted or vapor-phase deposition) and the conditions of the deposition. C1 [Singamaneni, Srikanth; Kharlampieva, Eugenia; McConney, Michael E.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. [Jang, Ji-Hyun; Thomas, Edwin L.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jang, Ji-Hyun; Thomas, Edwin L.] MIT, Inst Soldier Nanotechnol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jiang, Hao; Bunning, Thimoty J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; Jang, Ji-Hyun/E-5884-2010 FU NSF [CMS-0709586]; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0446]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies of the U.S. Army Research Office [DAAD-19-02-0002] FX The work presented here is supported by an NSF Grant CMS-0709586, the AFOSR FA9550-08-1-0446 project, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies of the U.S. Army Research Office (under Contract DAAD-19-02-0002). NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1369 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200902893 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 578SI UT WOS:000276315200008 PM 20437484 ER PT J AU Yoonessi, M Dang, TD Heinz, H Wheeler, R Bai, ZW AF Yoonessi, Mitra Dang, Thuy D. Heinz, Hendrik Wheeler, Robert Bai, Zongwu TI Investigation of nanostructures and properties of sulfonated poly(arylenethioethersulfone) copolymer as proton conducting materials by small angle neutron scattering SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Sulfonated polymers; Water absorption; Proton transport ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURE OPERATION; EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; IONOMER MEMBRANES; NAFION; TRANSPORT; POLYARYLENETHIOETHERSULFONE; MODEL AB Sulfonated poly(arylenethioethersulfone) copolymer (SPTES-50), a promising candidate material for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), exhibited excellent thermal stability, high proton conductivity (135 mS/cm at 85 degrees C, 85% relative humidity), and electrochemical property. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) of fully hydrated SPTES-50 membranes revealed the presence of embedded spherical nanodomains containing ionic group and water within the polymer membranes. The polydispersity of the nanoscale structure limited scattering contrast between the polymer backbone and sulfonated groups, and precluded analysis of intermediate and large scattering vectors in terms of the polymer-water interface structure. Inter-cluster correlations associated with the large extent of water absorption in the fully hydrated SPTES-50 membranes were accounted by Percus-Yevick liquid-like ordering of polydispersed hard sphere model with Schulz polydispersity approximation. Approximation of their low q upturn with an exponential decay results in a decay of -3 at 25 degrees C accounted for inter-cluster correlations which changed to a decay of -1.1 at 55 degrees C and 77 degrees C. This indicated a change in morphology upon increase of temperature such as to fractal morphology or an interconnected cylindrical network. The scattering patterns don't exhibit any further changes within examined range of q when the temperature increased from 55 degrees C to 77 degrees C. The number density of ionic clusters remained approximately constant (similar to 1.1818 x 10(17) cm(3)), which indicated that additional water adsorbed by the polymer at the elevated temperature did not result in substantial coalescence of the clusters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of the silver exchanged SPTES-50 membranes exhibited aggregates of Ag(+) embedded within the dry membranes which can be approximated by isolated spheres. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik; Wheeler, Robert] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Yoonessi, Mitra; Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, ZW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch; The National Institute of Standards and Technology [DMR-9986442] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nanostructured and Biological Materials Branch for supporting this research. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is thanked for funding to conduct neutron scattering experiments under agreement DMR-9986442. The authors also would like to thank helpful discussions with Derek Hu (from NIST), Dr. Richard A. Vaia and Michael F. Durstock (from AFRL/RXBN). NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1585 EP 1592 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.02.011 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 575IJ UT WOS:000276060400007 ER PT J AU Abdalla, M Dean, D Theodore, M Fielding, J Nyairo, E Price, G AF Abdalla, Mohamed Dean, Derrick Theodore, Merlin Fielding, Jennifer Nyairo, Elijah Price, Gary TI Magnetically processed carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites: Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Epoxy nanocomposite; Magnetic alignment ID POLYMER COMPOSITES; FLASH METHOD; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; DISPERSION; DIFFUSIVITY; ALIGNMENT; FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; MATRIX; ORIENTATION AB The processing-structure-property relationships of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/epoxy nanocomposites processed with a magnetic field have been studied. Samples were prepared by dispersing the nanotube in the epoxy and curing under an applied magnetic field. The nanocomposite morphology was characterized with Raman spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray scattering, and correlated with thermo-mechanical properties. The modulus parallel to the alignment direction, as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis, showed significant anisotropy, with a 72% increase over the neat resin, and a 24% increase over the sample tested perpendicular to the alignment direction. A modest enhancement in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) parallel to the alignment direction was also observed. These enhancements were achieved even though the nanotubes were not fully aligned, as determined by Raman spectroscopy. The partial nanotube alignment is attributed to resin a gel time that is faster than the nanotube orientation dynamics. Thermal conductivity results are also presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdalla, Mohamed; Dean, Derrick] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Theodore, Merlin] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Theodore, Merlin; Fielding, Jennifer] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Hybrids & Composites Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nyairo, Elijah] Alabama State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Price, Gary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dean, D (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM deand@uab.edu FU NSF DMR [0404278]; AFRL [FA8650-D-1912-0006] FX This work was funded in part by NSF DMR (Grant 0404278), and the AFRL (Minority Leaders Program contract # FA8650-D-1912-0006). Additional thanks are extended to Hilmar Koerner for his help on various aspects of this project. NR 56 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1614 EP 1620 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.059 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 575IJ UT WOS:000276060400011 ER PT J AU Yang, WQ Yang, HJ Qin, GX Ma, ZQ Berggren, J Hammar, M Soref, R Zhou, WD AF Yang, Weiquan Yang, Hongjun Qin, Guoxuan Ma, Zhenqiang Berggren, Jesper Hammar, Mattias Soref, Richard Zhou, Weidong TI Large-area InP-based crystalline nanomembrane flexible photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bending; dark conductivity; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; membranes; nanostructured materials; photoconductivity; photodetectors; polymers ID FANO FILTERS; SILICON; DISPLAYS AB Large-area (3x3 mm(2)) flexible photodetectors were realized, based on crystalline InP semiconductor nanomembranes transferred to flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Very low dark current (a few microamperes) and high responsivity (0.12 A/W) were demonstrated for flexible InP p-i-n photodetectors. Bending characteristics were also investigated for this type of flexible crystalline semiconductor photodetector, and it was found that, whereas the dark current was independent of bending radii, the photocurrent degraded, depending on the bending radii. C1 [Yang, Weiquan; Yang, Hongjun; Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Qin, Guoxuan; Ma, Zhenqiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Berggren, Jesper; Hammar, Mattias] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Sch Informat & Commun Technol ICT, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Soref, Richard] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yang, WQ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wzhou@uta.edu RI Yang, Hongjun/C-2785-2011 FU U.S. AFOSR MURI [FA9550-08-1-0337]; U.S. ARO [W911NF-09-1-0505]; U.S. AFRL [FA 8650-07-2-5061] FX W. Y. appreciates the help from Dr. Zexuan Qiang and Santhad Chuwongin on detector testing. This work is supported in part by U.S. AFOSR MURI program under Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0337, by U.S. ARO under Grant No. W911NF-09-1-0505, and by U.S. AFRL under Grant No. FA 8650-07-2-5061. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 121107 DI 10.1063/1.3372635 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200007 ER PT J AU Carvalho, J Racicot, RJ AF Carvalho, Jacob Racicot, Robert J. TI Increased toughness and corrosion protection properties of glycidyl POSS epoxy hybrid coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carvalho, Jacob; Racicot, Robert J.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 62-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304852 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL AF Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. TI Spectroscopic investigations on hypergolic ignition of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFRL RZSP ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZSP, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 689-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304444 ER PT J AU Chung, SW Buckner, SW Jelliss, PA Bunker, CE Guliants, EA AF Chung, Stephen W. Buckner, Steven W. Jelliss, Paul A. Bunker, Christopher E. Guliants, Elena A. TI Size-dependent Al nanoparticle oxidation enthalpy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 275-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302555 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Johnson, GR Artyushkova, K Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Eby, Donald M. Johnson, Glenn R. Artyushkova, Kateryna Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, Barry L. TI Understanding the molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide-mediated biomineralization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Universal Technol Corp, Div Engn, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 357-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304776 ER PT J AU Gilje, SS Dubin, S Badakhshan, A Farrar, J Danczyk, SA Kaner, RB AF Gilje, S. Scott Dubin, Sergey Badakhshan, Alireza Farrar, Jabari Danczyk, Stephen A. Kaner, Richard B. TI Photothermal deoxygenation of graphene oxide for patterning and distributed ignition applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Aerosp Res Labs, Redondo Beach, CA USA. USAF, AeroPhys Branch, Combust Devices Grp, Reserach Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 378-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189303154 ER PT J AU Jespersen, ML Mirau, PA von Meerwall, ED Vaia, RA Rodriguez, R Giannelis, EP AF Jespersen, Michael L. Mirau, Peter A. von Meerwall, Ernst D. Vaia, Richard A. Rodriguez, Robert Giannelis, Emmanuel P. TI Canopy dynamics in nanoscale ionic materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. CNR, Res Associateship Programs, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 468-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304811 ER PT J AU Koh, CJ Kwak, K Kostko, O Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL Leone, SR AF Koh, Christine J. Kwak, Kyungwon Kostko, Oleg Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Leone, Stephen R. TI Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of an imidazolium based ionic liquid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab Edwards, Air Force Base Edwards, CA USA. RI Kostko, Oleg/B-3822-2009 OI Kostko, Oleg/0000-0003-2068-4991 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 588-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304398 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth TI One-photon spectra of CdSe magic size quantum dot clusters calculated using time-dependent density functional theory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Gen Dynam Information Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 114-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302079 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Caples, CM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Caples, Conner M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Teaching an old dog new tricks: Using the flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus to measure electron attachment to radicals and ion-ion neutralization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Caples, Conner M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, RVBXT, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 98-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304479 ER PT J AU McMahon, JR Martin, RK Cain, SC AF McMahon, Jason R. Martin, Richard K. Cain, Stephen C. TI Three-dimensional FLASH laser radar range estimation via blind deconvolution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE 3D FLASH LADAR; laser radar; range estimation; blind deconvolution; object restoration; waveform processing; generalized expectation maximization AB Three dimensional (3D) FLASH Laser Radar (LADAR) sensors are unique due to the ability to rapidly acquire a series of two dimensional remote scene data (i.e. range images). Principal causes of 3D FLASH LADAR range estimation error include spatial blur, detector blurring, noise, timing jitter, and inter-sample targets. Unlike previous research, this paper accounts for pixel coupling by defining the range image mathematical model as a 2D convolution between the system spatial impulse response and the object (target or remote scene) at a particular point in time. Using this model, improved range estimation is possible by object restoration from the data observations. Object estimation is performed by deriving a blind deconvolution Generalized Expectation Maximization (GEM) algorithm with the range determined from the estimated object by a normalized correlation method. Theoretical derivations and simulation results are verified with experimental data of a bar target taken from a 3D FLASH LADAR system in a laboratory environment. Simulation examples show that the GEM improves range estimation over the unprocessed data and a Wiener filter method by 75% and 26% respectively. In the laboratory experiment, the GEM improves range estimation by 34% and 18% over the unprocessed data and Wiener filter method respectively. C1 [McMahon, Jason R.; Martin, Richard K.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McMahon, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.mcmahon@us.af.mil; richard.martin@afit.edu; stephen.cain@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was funded in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratories, Sensors Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, for the experimentally collected data used in this research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 19 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043517 DI 10.1117/1.3386044 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 601IL UT WOS:000278051700001 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, J. M. TI Diffusion by one wave and by many waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RESONANT DIFFUSION; WHISTLER WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VLF WAVES; ACCELERATION; PLASMA; CHORUS; MAGNETOSPHERE AB Radiation belt electrons and chorus waves are an outstanding instance of the important role cyclotron resonant wave-particle interactions play in the magnetosphere. Chorus waves are particularly complex, often occurring with large amplitude, narrowband but drifting frequency and fine structure. Nevertheless, modeling their effect on radiation belt electrons with bounce-averaged broadband quasi-linear theory seems to yield reasonable results. It is known that coherent interactions with monochromatic waves can cause particle diffusion, as well as radically different phase bunching and phase trapping behavior. Here the two formulations of diffusion, while conceptually different, are shown to give identical diffusion coefficients, in the narrowband limit of quasi-linear theory. It is further shown that suitably averaging the monochromatic diffusion coefficients over frequency and wave normal angle parameters reproduces the full broadband quasi-linear results. This may account for the rather surprising success of quasi-linear theory in modeling radiation belt electrons undergoing diffusion by chorus waves. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; UCLA; NSF [ATM-0903802] FX This work was supported by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and by UCLA by NSF grant ATM-0903802.; Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks the reviewers for their assistance in evaluating this manuscript. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00F05 DI 10.1029/2009JA014732 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 572VF UT WOS:000275861000003 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM AF Retterer, J. M. TI Forecasting low-latitude radio scintillation with 3-D ionospheric plume models: 2. Scintillation calculation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; PHASE-SCREEN; IRREGULARITIES; WAVES; BUBBLES; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS AB A three-dimensional model has been developed for the plasma plumes caused by interchange instabilities in the low-latitude ionosphere to describe the structure and extent of the radio scintillation generated by turbulence around and within the plumes. With the inclusion of the processes that determine the transport of plasma parallel to the geomagnetic field lines as well as transverse to them, the model can predict the extent in latitude of the plumes and their scintillation. Diagnostics presented here include illustrations of the spectral density of the density irregularities that develop within the plumes. An extrapolation of the density irregularity spectrum down into the wavelength regime effective for radio wave scattering permits a phase screen calculation of the amplitude scintillation caused by the plumes. The scintillation produced by the model has much the same character as measurements of scintillation do in terms of the time and rate of onset of scintillation, duration, and latitudinal extent. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NASA Living with a Star and Heliospheric Space Theory FX I thank O. de la Beaujardiere, B. Basu, T. Beach, and J. Huba for interesting discussions and thank K. Groves for providing the SCINDA data for the proof-of-concept demonstration. This research was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the NASA Living with a Star and Heliospheric Space Theory; Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks the reviewers for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A03307 DI 10.1029/2008JA013840 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 572VF UT WOS:000275861000002 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM AF Retterer, J. M. TI Forecasting low-latitude radio scintillation with 3-D ionospheric plume models: 1. Plume model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL-SPREAD-F; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; PLASMA BUBBLES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; DENSITY; DRIFTS AB A three-dimensional model has been developed for the plasma plumes caused by interchange instabilities in the low-latitude ionosphere to describe the structure and extent of the radio scintillation generated by turbulence in and around the plumes (down to the scale sizes resolvable by the computer model). With the inclusion of the processes that determine the transport of plasma parallel to the geomagnetic field lines as well as transverse to them, the model can predict the extent in latitude of the plumes and their scintillation. To better reflect the day-to-day variability of the occurrence of the plumes, the model is closely coupled to a time-dependent model of the ambient ionosphere to describe the changing conditions under which the plasma instabilities that cause the turbulence must act. Diagnostics presented here will illustrate the density structures found in the models of the plumes, including maps of airglow emissions which show the effect of the density depletions within the plumes. A companion paper presents a phase-screen calculation of the amplitude scintillation caused by the plumes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NASA Living with a Star and Heliospheric Space Theory FX I thank O. de la Beaujardiere, B. Basu, J. Huba, and Yi-Jiun Su for interesting discussions.; This research was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the NASA Living with a Star and Heliospheric Space Theory programs. [54] Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks the reviewers for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 72 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A03306 DI 10.1029/2008JA013839 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 572VF UT WOS:000275861000001 ER PT J AU Cooper, J Yazvenko, N Peyvan, K Maurer, K Taitt, CR Lyon, W Danley, DL AF Cooper, John Yazvenko, Nina Peyvan, Kia Maurer, Karl Taitt, Chris R. Lyon, Wanda Danley, David L. TI Targeted Deposition of Antibodies on a Multiplex CMOS Microarray and Optimization of a Sensitive Immunoassay Using Electrochemical Detection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; POLYMERS; ARRAYS; FILMS AB Background: The CombiMatrix ElectraSense (R) microarray is a highly multiplex, complementary metal oxide semiconductor with 12,544 electrodes that are individually addressable. This platform is commercially available as a custom DNA microarray; and, in this configuration, it has also been used to tether antibodies (Abs) specifically on electrodes using complementary DNA sequences conjugated to the Abs. Methodology/Principal Findings: An empirical method is described for developing and optimizing immunoassays on the CombiMatrix ElectraSense (R) microarray based upon targeted deposition of polypyrrole (Ppy) and capture Ab. This process was automated using instrumentation that can selectively apply a potential or current to individual electrodes and also measure current generated at the electrodes by an enzyme-enhanced electrochemical (ECD) reaction. By designating groups of electrodes on the array for different Ppy deposition conditions, we determined that the sensitivity and specificity of a sandwich immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is influenced by the application of different voltages or currents and the application time. The sandwich immunoassay used a capture Ab adsorbed to the Ppy and a reporter Ab labeled for fluorescence detection or ECD, and results from these methods of detection were different. Conclusions/Significance: Using Ppy deposition conditions for optimum results, the lower limit of detection for SEB using the ECD assay was between 0.003 and 0.01 pg/ml, which represents an order of magnitude improvement over a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. In the absence of understanding the variables and complexities that affect assay performance, this highly multiplexed electrode array provided a rapid, high throughput, and empirical approach for developing a sensitive immunoassay. C1 [Cooper, John; Yazvenko, Nina; Peyvan, Kia; Maurer, Karl; Danley, David L.] CombiMatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Taitt, Chris R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lyon, Wanda] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Cooper, J (reprint author), CombiMatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM ddanley@combimatrix.com FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [W911SR-08-C-0055]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-6037]; CombiMatrix Corporation FX This study was funded by contract W911SR-08-C-0055 from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, by contract FA8650-09-C-6037 from the Air Force Research Laboratory, and by CombiMatrix Corporation. CombiMatrix provided funds to conduct and administer this study for which it was reimbursed (materials, salaries, overhead, and profit) through the two government contracts. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency did not have any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. W. L. is a consultant to the contracting officer's representative on the Air Force contract. CombiMatrix is a commercial for-profit company, and key investigators (J. C., N. Y., K. M., and D. L. D.) are employees of the company. Permission from supervisors was obtained to begin the study, and permission from the company's legal department was obtained to submit the manuscript. Scientific staff designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9781 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009781 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 572EH UT WOS:000275809700016 PM 20333309 ER PT J AU Colman, JJ Roussel-Dupre, RA Triplett, L AF Colman, J. J. Roussel-Dupre, R. A. Triplett, L. TI Temporally self-similar electron distribution functions in atmospheric breakdown: The thermal runaway regime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; CROSS-SECTIONS; VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; N-2 EMISSIONS; AIR BREAKDOWN; HIGH VALUES; DRY AIR; NITROGEN; IONIZATION AB Detailed Boltzmann kinetic calculations of the electron distribution functions resulting from thermal runaway in a constant electric field are presented. Thermal runaway is considered to occur when an initially thermal electron is accelerated above the 150 eV peak in the dynamical friction force in air and becomes a runaway electron. We investigate the role of runaway breakdown in situations where thermal runaway, as well as conventional breakdown, is occurring. The electric field strengths studied span the range from the threshold for runaway breakdown in air (similar to 0.3 MV/m at sea level) through conventional breakdown (2.4-3.2 MV/m at sea level) and exceeding the Dreicer field (25 MV/m at sea level), above which all electrons are runaways. We initiate our simulations with a population of pseudothermal electrons or with a combination of thermal and runaway (similar to 1 MeV) electrons. We find that when thermal runaway occurs the self-similar electron distribution function is identical in the presence or absence of a seed runaway population. We show that attempts to obtain the electric field from remote measurements of optical line ratios are ambiguous both in the context of the absolute field and in the underlying kinetics. By considering the runaway electrons as a separate population we conclude that the avalanche rate of low-energy electrons is equivalent to that of runaway electrons at a reduced field of 140 Td (3.8 MV/m at standard temperature and pressure). Above that field the conventional avalanche rate will control the avalanche rate of the entire population. Below that field the runaway avalanche rate will control the avalanche rate of the entire population. C1 [Roussel-Dupre, R. A.] SciTech Solut LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87506 USA. [Triplett, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Colman, J. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Colman, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jonah.colman@kirtland.af.mil FU NNSA; AFRL FX This research was supported by the NNSA and AFRL; we gratefully acknowledge that support. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00E16 DI 10.1029/2009JA014509 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 572VD UT WOS:000275860700001 ER PT J AU Kim, SM Pint, CL Amama, PB Zakharov, DN Hauge, RH Maruyama, B Stach, EA AF Kim, Seung Min Pint, Cary L. Amama, Placidus B. Zakharov, Dmitri N. Hauge, Robert H. Maruyama, Benji Stach, Eric A. TI Evolution in Catalyst Morphology Leads to Carbon Nanotube Growth Termination SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER; NUCLEATION; CARPETS; FORESTS; ARRAYS; MODEL; LONG AB A mechanism by which catalyst deactivation occurs during vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth is demonstrated. We have used both quantitative measurements of nanotube growth rates and ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy observations to show that termination of carbon nanotube (CNT) array growth can be intrinsically linked to evolution of the catalyst morphology. Specifically, we find that a combination of both Ostwald ripening and subsequent subsurface diffusion leads to loss of the Fe catalyst, and through direct observations, we correlate this with nanotube growth termination. These observations indicate that careful design of the catalyst and its support as well as the interaction between the two - is required to maximize nanotube yields. C1 [Amama, Placidus B.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Zakharov, Dmitri N.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Zakharov, Dmitri N.; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pint, Cary L.; Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pint, Cary L.; Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benji.Maruyama@wpafb.af.mil; eastach@ecn.purdue.edu RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Pint, Cary/I-6785-2013; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; Pint, Cary/C-5053-2009; Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152 FU AFOSR; Lockheed Martin; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors thank D. Natelson for use of equipment for catalyst deposition and S. Ripley for experimental assistance. Support from AFOSR is gratefully acknowledged. C.L.P. and R.H.H. acknowledge partial support from the Lockheed Martin LANCER program. S.M.K. and E.A.S. acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 27 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 10 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 6 BP 918 EP 922 DI 10.1021/jz9004762 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 588BM UT WOS:000277041200006 ER PT J AU Chhatre, SS Choi, W Tuteja, A Park, KC Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Chhatre, Shreerang S. Choi, Wonjae Tuteja, Anish Park, Kyoo-Chul (Kenneth) Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Scale Dependence of Omniphobic Mesh Surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SUPER-WATER-REPELLENT; CONTACT-ANGLE; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC STATES; FRACTAL STRUCTURE; COTTON TEXTILES; ROUGH SURFACES; DESIGN; TRANSITION; PARAMETERS; FABRICS AB We provide a simple design chart framework to predict the apparent contact angle on a textured surface in terms of the equilibrium contact angle oil a chemically identical smooth surface and details of the surface topography. For low Surface tension liquids such as methanol (gamma(lv) = 22.7 mN/m), and octane (gamma(lv) = 21.6 mN/m), a solid-liquid-air composite interface on a textured surface is inherently metastable. Thus, oil application of a sufficient pressure difference (e.g., all externally applied pressure or a sufficiently large Laplace pressure at small droplet size) the metastable composite interface transitions to a fully wetted interface. A dimensionless robustness factor is used to quantify the breakthrough pressure difference necessary to disrupt a metastable Composite interface and to predict a priori the existence of a robust composite interface. The impact of the length scale (radius of the cylindrical features R varying from 18 to 114 Pill) and the feature spacing ratio (D* = (R + D)/R varying from 2.2 to 5.1, where 2D is the spacing between the cylindrical features) oil the robustness is illustrated by performing contact angle measurements on a set of dip-coated wire-mesh surfaces, which provide systematically quantifiable cylindrical texture. The design chart for a given feature size R shows how the two independent design parameters-surface chemistry as revealed in the equilibrium contact angle and texture spacing embodied in the dimensionless spacing ratio (D*)-can be used to develop surfaces with desirably large values of the apparent contact angle and robustness of the metastable composite interface. Most revealing is the scaling of the robustness with the dimensionless parameter /cap/R (where /(cap) = (gamma(lv)/rho g)(1/2) is the capillary length), which indicates clearly why, in the consideration of self-similar surfaces, smaller is better for producing omniphobic surfaces that resist wetting by liquids with low surface tension. C1 [Choi, Wonjae; Park, Kyoo-Chul (Kenneth); McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chhatre, Shreerang S.; Tuteja, Anish; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Space & Missile Prop Div, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP McKinley, GH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gareth@mit.edu; recohen@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-07-D-0004]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9300-06M-T015]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0272, LRIR-92PL0COR] FX This research Was supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) through contract no. W911NF-07-D-0004, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract no. FA9300-06M-T015, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract nos. FA9550-07-1-0272 and LRIR-92PL0COR. We thank Prof. Michael Rubner and the Institute of Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) at MIT for the use of various experimental facilities and Mr. Abhinav Akhoury for the carbon paper sample. NR 48 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 16 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 4027 EP 4035 DI 10.1021/la903489r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 564PE UT WOS:000275226700042 PM 20000364 ER PT J AU Fedorchenko, AI Cheng, HH Sun, G Soref, RA AF Fedorchenko, A. I. Cheng, H. H. Sun, G. Soref, R. A. TI Radiation emission from wrinkled SiGe/SiGe nanostructure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ge-Si alloys; hole mobility; luminescence; nanostructured materials; optical materials; semiconductor materials AB Semiconductor optical emitters radiate light via band-to-band optical transitions. Here, a different mechanism of radiation emission, which is not related to the energy band of the materials, is proposed. In the case of carriers traveling along a sinusoidal trajectory through a wrinkled nanostructure, radiation was emitted via changes in their velocity in a manner analogous to synchrotron radiation. The radiated frequency of wrinkled SiGe/SiGe nanostructure was found to cover a wide spectrum with radiation power levels of the order of submilliwatts. Thus, this nanostructure can be used as a Si-based optical emitter and it will enable the integration of optoelectronic devices on a wafer. C1 [Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Fedorchenko, A. I.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Thermomech, Prague 18200, Czech Republic. [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Fedorchenko, A. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, SS Kutateladze Inst Thermophys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hhcheng@ntu.edu.tw RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016 FU National Science Council of the Republic of China [95-2112-M-002-050-MY3]; AFOSR (U.S.A.) [09-4108]; Research Plan of the Institute of Thermomechanics of ASCR [AV0Z20760514] FX The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China for its financial support under Grant No. 95-2112-M-002-050-MY3, AFOSR (U.S.A.) under Grant No. 09-4108, and the Research Plan of the Institute of Thermomechanics of ASCR, v.v.i., Project No. AV0Z20760514. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 11 AR 113104 DI 10.1063/1.3360881 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 572IW UT WOS:000275825200051 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Tang, DY Knize, RJ Zhao, LM Bao, QL Loh, KP AF Zhang, Han Tang, Dingyuan Knize, R. J. Zhao, Luming Bao, Qiaoliang Loh, Kian Ping TI Graphene mode locked, wavelength-tunable, dissipative soliton fiber laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE erbium; fibre lasers; graphene; high-speed optical techniques; laser mode locking; laser modes; laser tuning; optical saturable absorption; optical solitons ID SATURABLE ABSORBER; PULSED LASERS AB Atomic layer graphene possesses wavelength-insensitive ultrafast saturable absorption, which can be exploited as a "full-band" mode locker. Taking advantage of the wide band saturable absorption of the graphene, we demonstrate experimentally that wide range (1570-1600 nm) continuous wavelength tunable dissipative solitons could be formed in an erbium doped fiber laser mode locked with few layer graphene. C1 [Zhang, Han; Tang, Dingyuan; Zhao, Luming] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bao, Qiaoliang; Loh, Kian Ping] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM edytang@ntu.edu.sg RI zhang, han/C-5768-2008; Zhao, Luming/F-5609-2011; Bao, Qiaoliang/A-6383-2009; Zhang, Han /I-8297-2015; Loh, Kian Ping/M-3122-2016 OI Zhao, Luming/0000-0002-4150-1157; Bao, Qiaoliang/0000-0002-6971-789X; Loh, Kian Ping/0000-0002-1491-743X FU National Research Foundation of Singapore [NRF-G-CRP 2007-01]; NRF-CRP Graphene Related Materials and Devices [R-143-000-360-281] FX The work is funded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore under the Contract No. NRF-G-CRP 2007-01. K.P.L. wishes to acknowledge funding support from NRF-CRP Graphene Related Materials and Devices (Grant No. R-143-000-360-281) NR 17 TC 212 Z9 222 U1 23 U2 157 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 11 AR 111112 DI 10.1063/1.3367743 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 572IW UT WOS:000275825200012 ER PT J AU Mall, S Kim, HK Saladin, EC Porter, WJ AF Mall, S. Kim, H. -K. Saladin, E. C. Porter, W. J. TI Effects of microstructure on fretting fatigue behavior of IN100 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Nickel-base superalloys; Fatigue; Fretting fatigue ID CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-SIZE; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR; INITIATION; TI-6AL-4V; SUPERALLOY; THRESHOLDS; UDIMET-720 AB Fretting fatigue behavior of a nickel-base superalloy, IN100, was investigated at room temperature. Two microstructures of IN100 were tested which varied primarily by the gamma grain size (3 mu m versus 7 mu m). Fretting fatigue tests were conducted at various stress levels using cylinder-on-flat contact configuration. An increase in the grain size was associated with decrease in the fretting fatigue strength/life of IN100. Microscopic analysis showed that the 3 mu m grain microstructure provided a higher microstructural barrier to the fretting fatigue crack nucleation and initiation. On the other hand, the 7 mu m grain microstructure had a higher intrinsic crack growth resistance due to the tortuous crack path requiring more energy. These features were in agreement with the plain fatigue where fine microstructures generally provide higher resistance to crack initiation but reduce crack propagation resistance while coarse microstructures have the opposite behavior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, H. -K.] Agcy Def Dev, Tech Dev Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Porter, W. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.068 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 571TO UT WOS:000275778900020 ER PT J AU Urabe, K Morita, T Tachibana, K Ganguly, BN AF Urabe, Keiichiro Morita, Tadasuke Tachibana, Kunihide Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Investigation of discharge mechanisms in helium plasma jet at atmospheric pressure by laser spectroscopic measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARRIER DISCHARGE; AIR; DIAGNOSTICS AB We have measured spatiotemporal structures of excited species by laser spectroscopic methods in a plasma jet, which was driven by a bipolar impulse voltage pulse train of the order of kilohertz repetition rate applied across a pair of electrodes wrapped around a glass tube with a helium gas flow. We noticed the differences between the positive and the negative phases of the voltage applied to the front-side electrode placed closer to the tube exit while the back-side electrode was grounded. The experimental results showed that the radial distribution of the excited species had a hollow shape at the centre in the positive voltage phase, while it had a more uniform shape in the negative phase. The peak density of the helium metastable atom in the positive phase was almost constant irrespective of the peak applied voltage. However, it increased with the increase in the peak applied voltage in the negative phase. The mechanism causing these differences was argued from the respects of positive and negative corona discharges. We have also investigated the property of the plasma plume under conditions similar to material processing with a conductive substrate placed in front of the plasma jet. In this case, the plasma production by electron impact ionization became dominant near the substrate as was revealed from the spatiotemporal distributions of helium metastable atom and nitrogen ion densities. C1 [Urabe, Keiichiro; Morita, Tadasuke; Tachibana, Kunihide] Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Tachibana, Kunihide] Ehime Univ, Promot Lab Plasma & Photon Sci Res, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Urabe, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. RI Urabe, Keiichiro/G-4524-2011 OI Urabe, Keiichiro/0000-0001-9743-3184 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work has been partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on the Priority Area of Microplasmas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and also by a Grant from Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 35 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 10 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 9 AR 095201 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/9/095201 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 557JE UT WOS:000274664600005 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Kozlovskaya, V Gunawidjaja, R Shevchenko, VV Vaia, R Naik, RR Kaplan, DL Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Kozlovskaya, Veronika Gunawidjaja, Ray Shevchenko, Valeriy V. Vaia, Richard Naik, Rajesh R. Kaplan, David L. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Flexible Silk-Inorganic Nanocomposites: From Transparent to Highly Reflective SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SELF-ASSEMBLY METHOD; BY-LAYER FILMS; SPIDER SILK; MULTILAYER FILMS; THIN-FILMS; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES AB A novel type of all-natural, biocompatible, and very robust nanoscale freestanding biohybrids are reported. They are obtained by integrating a silk fibroin matrix with functional inorganic nanoplatelets using a spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly. The organized assembly of the silk fibroin with clay (montmorillonite) nanosheets results in highly transparent nanoscale films with significantly enhanced mechanical properties, including strength, toughness, and elastic modulus, as compared to those for the pristine silk nanomaterials. Moreover, replacing clay nanoplatelets with a highly reflective Langmuir monolayer of densely packed silver nanoplates causes a similar enhancement of the mechanical properties, but in contrast to the materials above, highly reflective, mirror-like, nanoscale flexible films are created. This strategy offers a new perspective for the fabrication of robust all-natural flexible nanocomposites with exceptional mechanical properties important for biomedical applications, such as reinforced tissue engineering. On the other hand, the ability to convert silk-based nanoscale films into mirror-like biocompatible flexible films can be intriguing for prospective photonics and optical exploitation of these nanobiohybrids. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Gunawidjaja, Ray; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Shevchenko, Valeriy V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Macromol Chem, UA-02160 Kiev, Ukraine. [Vaia, Richard; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Kharlampieva, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Lab; National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Lab, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 67 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 8 U2 132 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAR 9 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 840 EP 846 DI 10.1002/adfm.200901774 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 573TE UT WOS:000275937000019 ER PT J AU Tchoul, MN Fillery, SP Koerner, H Drummy, LF Oyerokun, FT Mirau, PA Durstock, MF Vaia, RA AF Tchoul, Maxim N. Fillery, Scott P. Koerner, Hilmar Drummy, Lawrence F. Oyerokun, Folusho T. Mirau, Peter A. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Assemblies of Titanium Dioxide-Polystyrene Hybrid Nanoparticles for Dielectric Applications SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; COUPLING MOLECULES; INTERFACE; NANOCOMPOSITES; PERMITTIVITY; PHOSPHONATE; KINETICS; ACIDS; CORE AB Macroscopic assemblies of hybrid nanoparticles composed of titanium dioxide core surrounded by covalently grafted polystyrene corona have been prepared by a combination of phosphonate coupling and "click" chemistry. the attached polymer chains existed in the brush regime, with grafting density inversely proportional to the degree of polymerization Solution casting afforded preparation of robust films of the composite material where all the polymer chains were covalently bound to the uniformly distributed inorganic particles. Inorganic content from 60 to 80 wt% (27 to 50 vol %) was obtained by varying the molecular weight of polystyrene as well as by using the mixture of high and low molecular weight polymer for grafting. The TiO(2) grafted with 10(5) g/mol polystyrene had a volume fraction of nanoparticles of 27% and exhibited glass transition at 110 degrees C and similar to 100% extensibility above T(g). Thin films of this material had a dielectric constant of 6 4 and a dielectric loss of 0 04 at 1 k Hz C1 [Tchoul, Maxim N.; Fillery, Scott P.; Koerner, Hilmar; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Oyerokun, Folusho T.; Mirau, Peter A.; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU National Research Council; Air Force Office for Scientific Research FX The authors thank Aurora Rubel from the Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY for the TGA-MS analysis, Marlene Houtz from AFRL/RXBN, WPAFB, OH for the TGA and DSC analysis, and Aaron Sellinger from AFRL/RXBN, WPAFB, OH for the atomic force microscopy. This research was performed while M Tchoul, S Fillery, and F Oyerokun held the National Research Council Associateship Awards at AFRL Funding for this project was available from the Air Force Office for Scientific Research. NR 40 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 9 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1749 EP 1759 DI 10.1021/cm903182n PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 560UO UT WOS:000274929000020 ER PT J AU Izumi, M Sweeney, AM DeMartini, D Weaver, JC Powers, ML Tao, A Silvas, TV Kramer, RM Crookes-Goodson, WJ Mathger, LM Naik, RR Hanlon, RT Morse, DE AF Izumi, Michi Sweeney, Alison M. DeMartini, Daniel Weaver, James C. Powers, Meghan L. Tao, Andrea Silvas, Tania V. Kramer, Ryan M. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Mathger, Lydia M. Naik, Rajesh R. Hanlon, Roger T. Morse, Daniel E. TI Changes in reflectin protein phosphorylation are associated with dynamic iridescence in squid SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE iridescence; biochemistry; dynamic; phosphorylation ID PHYSIOLOGICAL COLOR-CHANGE; MEMBRANE-WATER INTERFACE; LOLLIGUNCULA-BREVIS; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; IRIDOPHORES; SKIN; CEPHALOPODS; LIGHT; CHROMATOPHORES; MECHANISMS AB Many cephalopods exhibit remarkable dermal iridescence, a component of their complex, dynamic camouflage and communication. In the species Euprymna scolopes, the light-organ iridescence is static and is due to reflectin protein-based platelets assembled into lamellar thin-film reflectors called iridosomes, contained within iridescent cells called iridocytes. Squid in the family Loliginidae appear to be unique in which the dermis possesses a dynamic iridescent component with reflective, coloured structures that are assembled and disassembled under the control of the muscarinic cholinergic system and the associated neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Here we present the sequences and characterization of three new members of the reflectin family associated with the dynamically changeable iridescence in Loligo and not found in static Euprymna iridophores. In addition, we show that application of genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses ACh- and calcium-induced iridescence in Loligo. We further demonstrate that two of these novel reflectins are extensively phosphorylated in concert with the activation of iridescence by exogenous ACh. This phosphorylation and the correlated iridescence can be blocked with genistein. Our results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of reflectin proteins is involved in the regulation of dynamic iridescence in Loligo. C1 [Izumi, Michi; Sweeney, Alison M.; DeMartini, Daniel; Weaver, James C.; Powers, Meghan L.; Tao, Andrea; Silvas, Tania V.; Morse, Daniel E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Mat Res Lab, Inst Collaborat Biotechnol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Izumi, Michi; Sweeney, Alison M.; DeMartini, Daniel; Weaver, James C.; Powers, Meghan L.; Tao, Andrea; Silvas, Tania V.; Morse, Daniel E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kramer, Ryan M.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mathger, Lydia M.; Hanlon, Roger T.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Morse, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Mat Res Lab, Inst Collaborat Biotechnol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM d-morse@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Hanlon, Roger/Q-8687-2016; DeMartini, Daniel/D-1264-2017 OI Hanlon, Roger/0000-0003-0004-5674; FU Marine Biological Laboratory [F33615-03-D-5408]; Woods Hole, MA; Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0285]; NIH [AI50611, RR 12294] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from Anteon contract F33615-03-D-5408 to the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, and grant no. W911NF-06-1-0285 from the Army Research Office to D. E. M. We also thank Margaret McFall-Ngai (NIH AI50611) and Edward G. Ruby (NIH RR 12294) for providing the anti-reflectin antibodies, Tim Athens for providing live squid for analysis, Dr James Pavlovich for de novo amino acid sequence analyses and Drs Paul Hansma, Igor Mezic, Yoshiko Okamura, Kathy Foltz and Daniel Alkon for their helpful discussions and suggestions. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD MAR 6 PY 2010 VL 7 IS 44 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1098/rsif.2009.0299 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 547IL UT WOS:000273880500016 PM 19776150 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Retterer, JM Baker, CR Bishop, GJ Cooke, DL Roth, CJ Welsh, JA AF McNamara, L. F. Retterer, J. M. Baker, C. R. Bishop, G. J. Cooke, D. L. Roth, C. J. Welsh, J. A. TI Longitudinal structure in the CHAMP electron densities and their implications for global ionospheric modeling SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Detailed examination of the electron densities in the equatorial ionosphere observed by the CHAMP satellite at similar to 400 km and mapped for a fixed local time has revealed a 90-wide longitudinal structure with a maximum to minimum ratio that can exceed two or more. To date, the role of these large density variations has not been considered in either the development or validation of current global assimilative models. The best defined structure has nodes near 60, 150, 240, and 330, and is variously called the 4-node or wave number 4 structure. Unless a global model includes the physics that leads to the 4-node structure, or has the structure imposed upon it by the assimilation of data that includes the structure, a very significant part of the physics of the equatorial ionosphere will be missing. The version of the Utah State University (USU) Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model currently used by the U. S. Air Force takes the Ionospheric Forecast Model (IFM) as its background ionosphere. The IFM does not produce a 4-node structure. However, USU-GAIM is driven mainly by the assimilation of slant GPS total electron content observations, which could impose a 4-node structure, given sufficient equatorial GPS sites. The UV radiances from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager instrument on DMSP also have a 4-node structure, and this is maintained in the GAIM global specifications. In the absence of sufficient assimilated data to impose a 4-node structure, such a structure could be imposed on the IFM by using a model of the equatorial E x B drift that contains a 4-node structure. C1 [McNamara, L. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 01731 USA. [Roth, C. J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Retterer, J. M.; Baker, C. R.; Bishop, G. J.; Cooke, D. L.; Welsh, J. A.] USAF, Res Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 01731 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@hanscom.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8178-08-C-0012] FX The GAIM-GM code is provided to AFRL by USU to support a continuing AFRL validation effort on the part of the Air Force Weather Agency. The USU scientists continue to provide AFRL with valued support in testing a very complex system. The SSUSI UV radiances used by GAIM are provided by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. L. F. M. is supported in part by AFRL contract FA8178-08-C-0012. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR 6 PY 2010 VL 45 AR RS2001 DI 10.1029/2009RS004251 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 565UY UT WOS:000275321500002 ER PT J AU Volotskova, O Shashurin, A Keidar, M Raitses, Y Demidov, V Adams, S AF Volotskova, O. Shashurin, A. Keidar, M. Raitses, Y. Demidov, V. Adams, S. TI Ignition and temperature behavior of a single-wall carbon nanotube sample SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARC-DISCHARGE; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIAMETER; NM AB The electrical resistance of mats of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is measured as a function of mat temperature under various helium pressures, in vacuum and in atmospheric air. The objective of this paper is to study the thermal stability of SWNTs produced in a helium arc discharge in the experimental conditions close to natural conditions of SWNT growth in an arc, using a furnace instead of an arc discharge. For each tested condition, there is a temperature threshold at which the mat's resistance reaches its minimum. The threshold value depends on the helium pressure. An increase of the temperature above the temperature threshold leads to the destruction of SWNT bundles at a certain critical temperature. For instance, the critical temperature is about 1100 K in the case of helium background at a pressure of about 500 Torr. Based on experimental data on critical temperature it is suggested that SWNTs produced by an anodic arc discharge and collected in the web area outside the arc plasma most likely originate from the arc discharge peripheral region. C1 [Volotskova, O.; Shashurin, A.; Keidar, M.] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Raitses, Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Demidov, V.; Adams, S.] USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Demidov, V.; Adams, S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Volotskova, O (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 FU AFOSR; NSF/DOE Partnership in Plasma Science and Technology [CBET-0853777]; DOE [DE-SC0001169]; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR and by NSF/DOE Partnership in Plasma Science and Technology (NSF grant CBET-0853777, DOE grant DE-SC0001169). We would like to acknowledge PPPL Offsite Research Program supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences for support of the arc experiments and diagnostics. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 5 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 9 AR 095705 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/9/095705 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 553IQ UT WOS:000274360300030 PM 20130346 ER PT J AU Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Haaland, R McHarg, MG Hensley, BA Kanmae, T AF Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. Haaland, R. McHarg, M. G. Hensley, B. A. Kanmae, T. TI Sprite initiation altitude measured by triangulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIMILARITY; STREAMERS; VIDEO; AIR AB High time resolution ( 10,000 frames per second) images of sprites combined with multistation concurrent video recordings have provided data for triangulation of the altitude of the initial sprite onset. The high-speed images were obtained from the Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico, during summer campaigns in 2007 and 2008 with video observations from sites at Portales, New Mexico, and Las Vegas, New Mexico. Sprites start with one or more downward-propagating streamer heads. The triangulated onset altitudes of this initial downward streamer vary between 66 and 89 km. In some sprites the downward streamers are followed a little later by upward-propagating streamers. The upward streamers start from a lower altitude and existing luminous sprite structures and their triangulated altitudes vary from 64 to 78 km. The downward streamers create C sprite characteristics, while the upward streamers form the broad diffuse tops of carrot sprites. In the sprites analyzed the higher onset altitudes for the downward-propagating initial streamers were associated with C sprites and the lower with carrot sprites, but our larger data set indicates that this is not generally the case. It appears that the dominant sprite types vary from year to year, indicating that some longer-lasting environmental parameter, such as mesospheric conductivity and composition or thunderstorm cloud dynamics, may play an important role in determining the types of sprites observed. C1 [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.; Kanmae, T.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haaland, R.; Hensley, B. A.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; haaland_r@fortlewis.edu; matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu; bahensley@fortlewis.edu; tkammae@gi.alaska.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 FU Fort Lewis College, Colorado; NSF University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S. Air Force Academy FX We have operated for several years at the NSF supported Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico, and we thank Bill Winn and his staff for their help and hospitality. We also thank NSF program directors C. Fesen and B. Smull for help with supplemental funding to support Fort Lewis College, Colorado, undergraduate students' participation in the 2008 field observations. Last, we thank D. Sentman, V. Pasko, N. Liu, S. Cummer, and U. Ebert for many insightful discussions. This research was funded by NSF grants to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the U.S. Air Force Academy. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 2 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00E12 DI 10.1029/2009JA014543 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 565US UT WOS:000275320900001 ER PT J AU Bhuvana, T Kumar, A Sood, A Gerzeski, RH Hu, JJ Bhadram, VS Narayana, C Fisher, TS AF Bhuvana, Thiruvelu Kumar, Anurag Sood, Aditya Gerzeski, Roger H. Hu, Jianjun Bhadram, Venkata Srinu Narayana, Chandrabhas Fisher, Timothy S. TI Contiguous Petal-like Carbon Nanosheet Outgrowths from Graphite Fibers by Plasma CVD SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon fiber; fiber composite; graphene; graphite flake; carbon nanosheet ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ARC-DISCHARGE; DIAMOND FILMS; GRAPHENE; NANOTUBES; ELECTRONICS; COMPOSITES; SCATTERING; ADHESION AB We report a catalyst-free synthesis of cantilevered carbon nanosheet extensions, or petals, from graphite fibers by microwave plasma CVD. Results reveal that the petals grow from the fiber surface layers while preserving graphitic continuity from fiber to the petals. Subtraction of Raman signatures from pristine and decorated fibers reveals a convolution of two underlying peaks at 2687 and 2727 cm(-1) that are consistent with profiles of multilayer graphene flakes between 5 and 25 layers. Such structures offer the possibility of minimizing interfacial losses in transport applications, improved interactions with surrounding matrix materials in composites, and a route toward substrate independence for device applications. C1 [Bhuvana, Thiruvelu; Kumar, Anurag; Sood, Aditya; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sood, Aditya] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Gerzeski, Roger H.; Hu, Jianjun; Fisher, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bhadram, Venkata Srinu; Narayana, Chandrabhas] Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem & Phys Mat Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM timothy.fisher@wpafb.af.mil RI Narayana, Chandrabhas/G-7248-2011; Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Narayana, Chandrabhas/0000-0001-6256-8994; Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU Indo-US Science and Technology Forum [115-2008/2009-10]; Kirk Recharge Grant program FX T.B. thanks the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum for support (Award 115-2008/2009-10) and Purdue's Birck Nanotechnology Center's support from its Kirk Recharge Grant program; A.S. thanks the International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience for support under its summer internship program. The XPS data were obtained by the Surface Analysis Laboratory of the Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University. The authors thank Prof. R. G. Reifenberger, G. Prakash, and Dr. A. Voevodin for informative discussions. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2010 VL 2 IS 3 BP 644 EP 648 DI 10.1021/am9009154 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572JA UT WOS:000275825700010 PM 20356262 ER PT J AU Reichert, WM Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Reichert, W. Matthew Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI 3-(1-Methyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate: a precursor to a Bronsted acid ionic liquid SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; SALTS AB The title compound, C7H12N2O3S, is a zwitterion precursor to a Bronsted acid ionic liquid with potential as an acid catalyst. The C-N-C-C torsion angle of 100.05 (8)degrees allows the positively charged imidazolium head group and the negatively charged sulfonate group to interact with neighboring zwitter-ions, forming a C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen-bonding network; the shortest among these interactions is 2.9512 (9) angstrom. The C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions can be described by graph-set notation as two R-2(2)(16) and one R-2(2)(5) hydrogen-bonded rings. C1 [Reichert, W. Matthew; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research; US Naval Academy Research Foundation FX Portions of this work were funded by the Office of Naval Research and the US Naval Academy Research Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusion or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Navy. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2056-9890 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAR PY 2010 VL 66 BP O591 EP U4799 DI 10.1107/S1600536810004344 PN 3 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 563JZ UT WOS:000275126500160 PM 21580354 ER PT J AU Bidlack, C Wellman, MP AF Bidlack, Clint Wellman, Michael P. TI Exceptional Data Quality Using Intelligent Matching and Retrieval SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RECORD LINKAGE AB Recent advances in enterprise web-based software have created a need for sophisticated yet user-friendly data-quality solutions. A new category of data-quality solutions that fill this need using intelligent matching and retrieval algorithms is discussed. Solutions are focused on customer and sales data and include real-time inexact search, batch processing, and data migration. Users are empowered to maintain higher quality data resulting in more efficient sales and marketing operations. Sales managers spend more time with customers and less time managing data. C1 [Bidlack, Clint] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wellman, Michael P.] Univ Michigan, USAF, Wright Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 576VM UT WOS:000276177700005 ER PT J AU Malo-Molina, FJ Gaitonde, DV Ebrahimi, HB Ruffin, SM AF Malo-Molina, Faure J. Gaitonde, Datta V. Ebrahimi, Houshang B. Ruffin, Stephen M. TI Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Supersonic Combustor Coupled to Innovative Inward-Turning Inlets SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID JET-INTERACTION; SIMULATION; FLOW; FREESTREAM; INJECTION; HYDROGEN AB Three-dimensional simulations are employed to examine the effect of inlet distortion and model fidelity with Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes or large eddy simulation approaches for a generic circular cross-sectional supersonic combustor at a flight condition of Mach 6 and an altitude of about 24.2 km. To examine inlet distortion effects on combustion, frozen and finite rate chemistry simulations are performed on combustors connected to two different types of streamline-traced inlets (denoted "Scoop" and "Jaws") with the Wilcox k-omega turbulence model. For comparison, uniform inflow boundary condition to the combustor is also simulated. The metrics employed include qualitative assessments related to flow structure as well as quantitative values of fuel combustion efficiency and thrust ratios. The results indicate a complex overall effect of distortion due to inlet design. For Jaws, the increased pressure loss associated with distortion is mitigated slightly by improved combustion efficiency and better thrust performance. The Scoop inlet has lower distortion and better recovery, but the combustion coefficient is lower than Jaws. In the second part of this study, finite rate chemistry results with unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes are compared with those from large eddy simulation with an uniform inflow profile. Differences in transient processes include the manner in which large- and small-scale structures originate and evolve in the cavity recirculation and downstream regions. The finer details observed with the large eddy simulation model have significant consequences on the overall field, including the unsteady position of the shock structure arising from the interaction of the incoming flow with the cavity shear layer, combustion processes, and injection jet interactions. C1 [Malo-Molina, Faure J.; Gaitonde, Datta V.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ebrahimi, Houshang B.] Flow Modeling & Simulat LLC, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Ruffin, Stephen M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Malo-Molina, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 572 EP 582 DI 10.2514/1.43646 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 569EP UT WOS:000275579500006 ER PT J AU Cannon, JW Fischer, JE AF Cannon, Jeremy W. Fischer, Josef E. TI Edward D. Churchill as a Combat Consultant Lessons for the Senior Visiting Surgeons and Today's Military Medical Corps SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CIVILIAN TRAUMA PATIENTS; FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA; MASSIVE TRANSFUSION; AGGRESSIVE USE; CARE; WAR; BATTLEFIELD AB In World War II, Edward D. Churchill volunteered as a combat consultant. In this role, he mentored many junior surgeons and challenged the Army leadership to treat hemorrhagic shock with blood rather than plasma. These lessons have continued relevance for today's Senior Visiting Surgeons and our military medical corps. C1 [Cannon, Jeremy W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fischer, Josef E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Cannon, JW (reprint author), USAF, MC, 59 SSS-SGO2G,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jcannon@massmed.org NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 251 IS 3 BP 566 EP 572 DI 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181d12d3f PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 562OD UT WOS:000275060800029 PM 20134311 ER PT J AU Dickinson, BT AF Dickinson, B. T. TI Hair receptor sensitivity to changes in laminar boundary layer shape SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID ARTHROPOD FILIFORM HAIRS; LINEAR FEEDBACK-CONTROL; CUPIENNIUS-SALEI KEYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; FLIGHT SPEEDS; AIR; DYNAMICS; FLOW; BATS AB Biologists have shown that bat wings contain distributed arrays of flow-sensitive hair receptors. The hair receptors are hypothesized to feedback information on airflows over the bat wing for enhanced stability or maneuverability during flight. Here, we study the geometric specialization of hair-like structures for the detection of changes in boundary layer velocity profiles (shapes). A quasi-steady model that relates the flow velocity profile incident on the longitudinal axis of a hair to the resultant moment and shear force at the hair base is developed. The hair length relative to the boundary layer momentum thickness that maximizes the resultant moment and shear-force sensitivity to changes in boundary layer shape is determined. The sensitivity of the resultant moment and shear force is shown to be highly dependent on hair length. Hairs that linearly taper to a point are shown to provide greater output sensitivity than hairs of uniform cross-section. On an order of magnitude basis, the computed optimal hair lengths are in agreement with the range of hair receptor lengths measured on individual bat species. These results support the hypothesis that bats use hair receptors for detecting changes in boundary layer shape and provide geometric guidelines for artificial hair sensor design and application. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Dickinson, BT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM btdickinson@lifetime.oregonstate.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0041, FA9550-07-1-0540] FX The author would like to acknowledge Mark Drela for his initial suggestion of a quasi-steady hair model for optimal hair length studies and his insight during the revision process. Kenny Breuer, Dan Riskin, John Singler, Belinda Batten and Adam Rutkowski also provided helpful suggestions during the revision process. The author also thanks the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions, which ultimately led to a more complete and thorough study. Finally, the author would like to thank Sharon Swartz, Cynthia Moss, Susanne Sterbing-D'Angelo and Janna Barcelo for their direction, insight and interesting discussions regarding bat wing hair receptors. This research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through grants FA9550-05-1-0041 and FA9550-07-1-0540. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR 016002 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/5/1/016002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 560XB UT WOS:000274937000002 PM 20157224 ER PT J AU Shimizu, T Abid, AD Poskrebyshev, G Wang, H Nabity, J Engel, J Yu, J Wickham, D Van Devener, B Anderson, SL Williams, S AF Shimizu, T. Abid, A. D. Poskrebyshev, G. Wang, H. Nabity, J. Engel, J. Yu, J. Wickham, D. Van Devener, B. Anderson, S. L. Williams, S. TI Methane ignition catalyzed by in situ generated palladium nanoparticles SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Catalytic combustion; Ignition; Gas-surface reaction; Kinetic modeling; Microscopy; Flow reactor; Particle size distribution ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PREMIXED ETHYLENE FLAMES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; REACTION-MECHANISMS; PD NANOPARTICLES; INCIPIENT SOOT; OH DESORPTION AB Catalytic ignition of methane over the surfaces of freely-suspended and in situ generated palladium nanoparticles was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experiments were conducted in a laminar flow reactor. The palladium precursor was a compound (Pd(THD)(2), THD: 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione) dissolved in toluene and injected into the flow reactor as a fine aerosol, along with a methane-oxygen-nitrogen mixture. For experimental conditions chosen in this study, non-catalytic, homogeneous ignition was observed at a furnace temperature of similar to 1123 K, whereas ignition of the same mixture with the precursor was found to be similar to 973 K. In situ production of Pd/PdO nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning mobility, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of particles collected at the reactor exit. The catalyst particle size distribution was log-normal. Depending on the precursor loading, the median diameter ranged from 10 to 30 nm. The mechanism behind catalytic ignition was examined using a combined gas-phase and gas-surface reaction model. Simulation results match the experiments closely and suggest that palladium nanocatalyst significantly shortens the ignition delay times of methane-air mixtures over a wide range of conditions. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shimizu, T.; Abid, A. D.; Poskrebyshev, G.; Wang, H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nabity, J.; Engel, J.; Yu, J.] TDA Res Inc, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. [Wickham, D.] React Syst LLC, Parker, CO 80134 USA. [Van Devener, B.; Anderson, S. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Williams, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiw@usc.edu RI Abid, Aamir/B-7205-2008; Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009; Poskrebyshev, Gregory/I-9122-2016 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503; Poskrebyshev, Gregory/0000-0002-8920-7037 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0400]; AFOSR STTR [FA8650-06-C-2673, FA9550-07-0106] FX The Utah and USC groups gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the MURI program (FA9550-08-1-0400). The Utah, USC, TDA, and Reaction Systems efforts were also supported by AFOSR STTR contracts (FA8650-06-C-2673 and FA9550-07-0106) to TDA, with subcontracts to Utah and USC. In addition, the authors thank Mr. Brian Windecker of TDA Research for design and assembly of the catalyst test apparatus. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2010 VL 157 IS 3 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.07.012 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 548YD UT WOS:000274005400002 ER PT J AU Jin, S Novak, KA AF Jin, Shi Novak, Kyle A. TI A COHERENT SEMICLASSICAL TRANSPORT MODEL FOR PURE-STATE QUANTUM SCATTERING SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE multiscale method; semiclassical limit; Liouville; coherent; quantum barrier ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; LIOUVILLE EQUATION; GEOMETRICAL-OPTICS; BOUNDARY; BARRIERS; WAVES; TRANSMISSION; INTERFACES AB We present a time-dependent semiclassical transport model for coherent pure-state scattering with quantum barriers. The model is based on a complex-valued Liouville equation, with interface conditions at quantum barriers computed from the steady-state Schrodinger equation. By retaining the phase information at the barrier, this coherent model adequately describes quantum scattering and interference at quantum barriers, with a computational cost comparable to that of classical mechanics. We construct both Eulerian and Lagrangian numerical methods for this model, and validate it using several numerical examples, including multiple quantum barriers. C1 [Jin, Shi] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Novak, Kyle A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jin, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, 480 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jin@math.wisc.edu; kyle.novak@afit.edu RI Jin, Shi/F-1252-2011; Novak, Kyle/M-5709-2016 OI Novak, Kyle/0000-0001-6564-9896 FU NSF [DMS-0608720, DMS-0757285] FX This research was supported by NSF grant No. DMS-0608720 and NSF FRG grant DMS-0757285. Shi Jin was also supported by a Van Vleck Distinguished Research Prize for University of Wisconsin. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1 BP 253 EP 275 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 533RJ UT WOS:000272841900013 ER PT J AU Gou, JH Tang, Y Liang, F Zhao, ZF Firsich, D Fielding, J AF Gou, Jihua Tang, Yong Liang, Fei Zhao, Zhongfu Firsich, David Fielding, Jennifer TI Carbon nanofiber paper for lightning strike protection of composite materials SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Electrical properties; Resin transfer molding (RTM) ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES AB Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have been increasingly used for aircraft structures. Such relatively low-conductivity composite materials need to be engineered with lightning strike protection to achieve lightning tolerance comparable to metallic components. This study developed a specialty paper made of carbon nanofibers and nickel nanostrands as a surface layer on the composite panels and explored potential replacement for existing lightning strike protection materials. The porous, flexible, non-woven papers of nanofibers and nanostrands were first prepared by the papermaking process. They were then incorporated onto the surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites through resin transfer molding process. A method of applying a temporary surface barrier on the paper was developed to prevent the infused resin from breaching the paper's surface. This minimized the resin on the composite panel's surface and allowed its surface conductivity to remain high. The lightning strike tests conducted on these composite panels showed that lightning strike tolerance correlated to the surface conductivities of composite panels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gou, Jihua; Tang, Yong; Liang, Fei; Zhao, Zhongfu] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Firsich, David] Inorgan Specialists Inc, Miamisburg, OH 45343 USA. [Fielding, Jennifer] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gou, JH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM jgou@mail.ucf.edu RI Liang, Fei/I-5030-2014 FU DoD SBIR [FA8650-07-M-5045]; Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion (FCAAP) [218007-530-024809-R010689] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support from DoD SBIR program under Contract No. FA8650-07-M-5045 and Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion (FCAAP) Program under Grant No. FSU#218007-530-024809-R010689. Additional appreciation goes to Lightning Technologies, Inc. for their assistance with lightning strike tests. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 41 IS 2 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.06.009 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 563LM UT WOS:000275133500009 ER PT J AU Gowayed, Y Ojard, G Miller, R Santhosh, U Ahmad, J John, R AF Gowayed, Y. Ojard, G. Miller, R. Santhosh, U. Ahmad, J. John, R. TI Correlation of elastic properties of melt infiltrated SiC/SiC composites to in situ properties of constituent phases SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceramic matrix composites; MI SiC/SiC; Numerical modeling; In Situ properties; Elastic properties; Modeling ID TEXTILE COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITE; MODEL; PREDICT; FIBER AB The ability to correlate the elastic properties of melt infiltrated SiC/SiC composites to properties of constituent phases using a hybrid Finite Element approach is examined and the influence of material internal features, such as the fabric architecture and intra-tow voids, on such correlation is elucidated. Tensile testing was carried out in air at room temperature and 1204 degrees C. Through-thickness compressive elastic modulus utilizing the stacked disk method was measured at room temperature. In situ moduli of constituent materials were experimentally evaluated using nano-indentation techniques at room temperature. A consistent relationship is observed between constituent properties and composite properties for in-plane normal and shear moduli and Poisson's ratio at room temperature. However, experimental data for through-thickness compressive elastic modulus is lower than the calculated value. It is hypothesized that the existence of voids inside the fiber tows and their collapse under compressive loads is the cause of such discrepancy. Estimates for the change in elastic moduli of constituent phases with temperature were obtained from literature and used to calculate the elastic properties of the composites at 1204 degrees C. A reasonable correlation between the in-plane elastic moduli of the composite and the in situ elastic properties of constituent phases is observed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gowayed, Y.] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [John, R.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Santhosh, U.; Ahmad, J.] Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Gowayed, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, 311 W Magnolia Ave, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gowayya@auburn.edu FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-01-C-5234]; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technology Program FX The Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract F33615-01-C-5234 sponsored this work. Research work at ORNL was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technology Program, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 70 IS 3 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.11.016 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 562UJ UT WOS:000275080100003 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Patnaik, SS Muratore, C Roy, AK Voevodin, AA Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Patnaik, Soumya S. Muratore, Chris Roy, Ajit K. Voevodin, Andrey A. Farmer, Barry L. TI MD simulations of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2): Force-field parameterization and thermal transport behavior SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molybdenum disulphide; Molecular dynamics; Thermal transport ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY; DIAMOND; GROWTH AB In this article, we have investigated the anisotropic nature of thermal transport in molybdenum disulphide using molecular dynamics simulations. At first, a force field has been validated with respect to crystal structure and experimental vibrational spectra of MoS2. Thereafter, non-equilibrium MD, simulations have been performed in two perpendicular directions (along as well as across the basal planes) to study thermal transport behavior. At room temperature, our results show an anisotropic factor of similar to 4 in the values of thermal conductivity along two studied directions, which is in good agreement with recent experiments on MoS2 thin films. However, the predicted values of thermal conductivity are about an order of magnitude higher with respect to experiments. The reasoning behind these differences has been discussed in terms of layer disorder and the large number of grain boundary interfaces in experimental thin films, which consisted of nano-crystal line MoS2 grains with a predominant parallel or perpendicular basal plane orientation. Incorporation of phonon scattering via structure disorder and boundary interfaces were identified as further directions for the model refinement. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Muratore, Chris; Roy, Ajit K.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Soumya S.] USAF, Res Lab, Propul Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 12710 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM vikas.varshney@afmcx.net; andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are grateful for financial support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Dr. J. Fuller. The authors are also very thankful to Prof. David Cahill and his research group for helping discussion and sharing their experimental results prior to publication. The authors also thank Prof Simon Phillpot for his helpful discussions and suggestions for the study. NR 44 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 12 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.12.009 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 572RO UT WOS:000275850700011 ER PT J AU Barrett, S Pack, D AF Barrett, Steven Pack, Daniel TI TEXTBOOKS 101 A PRIMER ON WRITING YOUR FIRST BOOK SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barrett, Steven] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Barrett, S (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM steveb@uwyo.edu; pack@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 72 EP 76 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 567IJ UT WOS:000275439900011 ER PT J AU Koteles, MR Lewi, JE AF Koteles, Michael R., Jr. Lewi, Jack E. TI What is the diagnosis? - Answer: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) SO ENDOCRINE PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Koteles, Michael R., Jr.; Lewi, Jack E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Koteles, MR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS PI JACKSONVILLE PA 245 RIVERSIDE AVENUE, STE 200, JACKSONVILLE, FL 32202 USA SN 1530-891X J9 ENDOCR PRACT JI Endocr. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 593XU UT WOS:000277497400034 PM 20061278 ER PT J AU Holt, DT Rutherford, MW Kuratko, DF AF Holt, Daniel T. Rutherford, Matthew W. Kuratko, Donald F. TI Advancing the Field of Family Business Research: Further Testing the Measurement Properties of the F-PEC SO FAMILY BUSINESS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE familiness; measurement; scale development; validity ID FIRM PERFORMANCE; OWNERSHIP; PERSPECTIVE; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; COMMITMENT; LEADERSHIP AB The field of family business research is advanced by further examining the validity and reliability of Klein, Astrachan, and Smyrnios's Family Influence on Power, Experience, and Culture Scale. Data from 831 family businesses are analyzed to assess the measure's construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory techniques. The hypothesized three-factor model emerged to include culture, power, and experience. Extending the previous effort, the measure's convergent validity was tested by assessing differences between the measure's scores and the desires of the senior generation and the commitment of the next generation. Results support an initial level of convergent validity. C1 [Holt, Daniel T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rutherford, Matthew W.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Kuratko, Donald F.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0894-4865 J9 FAM BUS REV JI Fam. Bus. Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1177/0894486509349943 PG 13 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 559HA UT WOS:000274813000006 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Repeated or long-duration TASER(A (R)) electronic control device exposures: acidemia and lack of respiration SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Forensic science; Forensic pathophysiology; TASER; Conducted energy weapon; Electronic control device; Electro-muscular disruption; Acidosis; Respiration ID CONDUCTED ELECTRICAL WEAPON; TASER X26 DISCHARGES; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; MUSCLE-CONTRACTION; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; CARDIAC-ARREST; ENERGY WEAPON; BASE-BALANCE; VENOUS-BLOOD AB Conducted energy weapons (CEWs), such as TASER(A (R)) devices, may be applied to subjects in repeated or long-duration modes. Such applications may result in more potentially harmful effects (as reflected in blood factor changes) than shorter exposures. In this review, results from a number of studies of repeated and long-duration CEW exposures in an animal model are examined. Additionally, a few limited investigations of shorter CEW applications to human subjects are considered. Specifically, in anesthetized swine, increased blood acidity (acidemia) and lack of effective respiration were found to be common during or immediately after CEW exposure. The acidemia could have been due to both metabolic and respiratory acidosis. A relatively rapid recovery toward baseline pH levels occurred. The lack of effective respiration has not been verified in experiments of CEW applications to human subjects; however, in some incidents of human deaths after CEW exposures subjects have been reported to stop breathing immediately after the exposure. It is not known if all human subjects exposed to CEW applications in the field (often "on drugs" or "in excited delirium") would be able to maintain adequate breathing. Since a limited number of short CEW applications would be less likely to cause adverse effects, however, CEWs can still be a valuable tool for law enforcement activities. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 711th Human Performance Wing,711HPW RHDR,8262 Haw, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 85 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s12024-009-9126-4 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 567FK UT WOS:000275428600007 PM 19936976 ER PT J AU Hengeveld, DW Mathison, MM Braun, JE Groll, EA Williams, AD AF Hengeveld, Derek W. Mathison, Margaret M. Braun, James E. Groll, Eckhard A. Williams, Andrew D. TI Review of Modern Spacecraft Thermal Control Technologies SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PULSATING HEAT PIPES; CAPILLARY PUMPED LOOP; CHANGE ENERGY-STORAGE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MICROPUMP; ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS; INSULATION MATERIALS; EARTH GRAVITY; BULK-FILL; PERFORMANCE; AEROGEL AB Originally created and developed for space applications, several commercial terrestrial technologies still permeate our society today. Examples include solar cells, Global Positioning Systems, and less expensive methods of carbon nanotube manufacture. Given a long and successful history of spinoffs, there might exist opportunities for the transfer of modern spacecraft thermal control technologies to terrestrial HVAC&R applications. First, this paper presents a broad overview of spacecraft thermal control. Next, a review of several modern spacecraft thermal control subsystem technologies is provided, each including an assessment of their potential use for terrestrial applications. C1 [Hengeveld, Derek W.; Mathison, Margaret M.; Braun, James E.; Groll, Eckhard A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Williams, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Hengeveld, DW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 150 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 189 EP 220 DI 10.1080/10789669.2010.10390900 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 581QU UT WOS:000276540200006 ER PT J AU Evans, J Zvonar, Z AF Evans, Joseph Zvonar, Zoran TI RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS, AND NETWORKS SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evans, Joseph] Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Evans, Joseph] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Comp & Network Syst, Directorate Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Evans, Joseph] Cambridge Univ Comp Lab, Cambridge, England. [Evans, Joseph] US AF Rome Labs, Rome, Italy. [Zvonar, Zoran] Univ Belgrade, Dept Elect Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. [Zvonar, Zoran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Evans, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evans@ittc.ku.edu; zoran.zvonar@mediatek.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 594SJ UT WOS:000277557400012 ER PT J AU Wang, T Zhu, ZG Blasch, E AF Wang, Tao Zhu, Zhigang Blasch, Erik TI Bio-Inspired Adaptive Hyperspectral Imaging for Real-Time Target Tracking SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Active sensing; field of view (FOV); hyperspectral imaging (HSI); multimodal; target tracking ID SPECTROSCOPY AB In this paper, we present an efficient and novel approach to embed hyperspectral imaging (HSI) capability in an intelligent panoramic scanning system for real-time target tracking and signature acquisition. The sensor platform we propose consists of a dual-panoramic peripheral vision component and a narrow field-of-view (FOV) HSI component. The panoramic HSI design optimizes the tradeoff of a wide FOV, a high-spatial/spectral resolution in real-time imaging, and bandwidth limitations. The dual-panoramic scanners with a hyperspectral fovea sensor platform improves some existing designs in literature in three aspects: 1) a panoramic view is provided instead of just a normal wide-angle view; 2) a dual scanning system is designed to obtain moving targets in a very effective and efficient manner; and 3) active control of the hyperspectral sensor is added to facilitate signature acquisition of targets of various locations that is required in real time for target tracking. The data collection of the sensor platform is closely coupled with real-time algorithms of target detection, tracking, and identification. The intelligent hyperspectral data acquisition is performed in real time so that tracking of one or more targets and switching between multiple candidate target types is possible. Important issues such as single-view-point constraint of the multimodal imaging components, target detection and tracking, real-time HSI, and target signature detection and target identification are discussed. C1 [Wang, Tao; Zhu, Zhigang] CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, City Coll Visual Comp Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Wang, Tao; Zhu, Zhigang] CUNY, Dept Comp Sci, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Blasch, Erik] USAF, Res Lab, RYAA Evaluat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Comp Sci, City Coll Visual Comp Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM twang@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; zhu@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2038657 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 561RR UT WOS:000274996900011 ER PT J AU Bradley, KC Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Bradley, Kenneth C. Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. TI Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometry of Combustion Events SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aircraft propulsion; imaging Fourier-transform spectroscopy; infrared imaging; remote sensing AB The Telops, Inc., field-portable imaging radiometric spectrometer technology-midwave extended (FIRST-MWE) was characterized both spatially and spectrally, using black-body sources in a climate-controlled laboratory environment. Individual pixel temperature variation of less than 0.5 degrees C was demonstrated on a 32 x 32 pixel array while imaging a 3.5 in. blackbody at 65 degrees C. A 150 degrees C blackbody background source was imaged at a distance of 10 m with the FIRST-MWE set to a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm(-1) and a 128 x 128 pixel window. The corresponding spectral radiance was fitted to a line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) of the scene based on the HITRAN (high-resolution transmission) database with a high degree of precision. Following demonstration of satisfactory instrument performance in both spatial and spectral domains, hyperspectral and high-speed broadband infrared (IR) imagery of a propane torch in front of a blackbody background were obtained with the FIRST-MWE in spectral mode and camera mode, respectively. Hyperspectral algorithms were employed to differentiate plume from non-plume pixels. Future work will improve this algorithm so that, with proper thresholding, plume pixels can be extracted from the remaining data set. This approach will result in a significant level of data reduction prior to implementing more computer-intensive chemical and temperature analysis on the plume hyperspectral datacube. Finally, exhaust from a diesel-fueled Turbine Technologies, Ltd. SR-30 turbojet engine was imaged with the FIRST-MWE from a side-plume vantage point during steady-state operation in both spectral and camera mode. C1 [Bradley, Kenneth C.; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bradley, KC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.bradley@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2039546 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 568XT UT WOS:000275560200001 ER PT J AU Willsky, AS AF Willsky, Alan S. TI Paths Ahead in the Science of Information and Decision Systems SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Willsky, Alan S.] MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Willsky, Alan S.] USAF, Sci Advisory Board, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Willsky, AS (reprint author), MIT, Lab Informat & Decis Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM willsky@mit.edu RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 160 EP + DI 10.1109/MSP.2009.935454 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 575LI UT WOS:000276068100020 ER PT J AU Lo Monte, L Erricolo, D Soldovieri, F Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Erricolo, Danilo Soldovieri, Francesco Wicks, Michael C. TI Radio Frequency Tomography for Tunnel Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Buried-object detection; ground-penetrating radar (GPR); inverse scattering; radio frequency (RF) tomography; tunnel detection ID GEOPHYSICAL DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; BORN APPROXIMATION; INVERSE SCATTERING; BURIED TARGETS; HALF-SPACE; RECONSTRUCTION; OBJECTS; ALGORITHMS AB Radio frequency (RF) tomography is proposed to detect underground voids, such as tunnels or caches, over relatively wide areas of regard. The RF tomography approach requires a set of low-cost transmitters and receivers arbitrarily deployed on the surface of the ground or slightly buried. Using the principles of inverse scattering and diffraction tomography, a simplified theory for below-ground imaging is developed. In this paper, the principles and motivations in support of RF tomography are introduced. Furthermore, several inversion schemes based on arbitrarily deployed sensors are devised. Then, limitations to performance and system considerations are discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of RF tomography is demonstrated by presenting images reconstructed via the processing of synthetic data. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Erricolo, Danilo] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Soldovieri, Francesco] CNR, Italian Natl Res Council, Ist Rilevamento Elettromagnet Ambiente, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Wicks, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM lorenzo.lomonte@gdit.com; erricolo@ece.uic.edu; soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil OI Erricolo, Danilo/0000-0001-6352-9567; SOLDOVIERI, FRANCESCO/0000-0002-0377-3127 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33601-02-F-A581]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract F33601-02-F-A581, by W.J. Baldygo of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and by Dr. J.A. Sjogren of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 70 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1128 EP 1137 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2029341 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559BL UT WOS:000274794600012 ER PT J AU Bellucci, JP Smetek, TE Bauer, KW AF Bellucci, Joseph P. Smetek, Timothy E. Bauer, Kenneth W. TI Improved Hyperspectral Image Processing Algorithm Testing Using Synthetic Imagery and Factorial Designed Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Anomaly detection; blocked adaptive computationally efficient outlier nominator (BACON) detector; experimental design; image generation; nested factorial designs; remote sensing; RX detector; synthetic hyperspectral imaging ID ANOMALY DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION AB The goal of a remote-sensing system is to gather data about the geography it is imaging. In order to gain knowledge of the Earth's landscape, analysts develop postprocessing algorithms to extract information from the collected data. The algorithms are designed for a variety of application areas such as the following: the classification of various ground covers in a scene, the identification of specific targets of interest, or the detection of anomalies in an image. Traditional algorithm testing uses sets of extensively ground-truthed test images. However, the lack of well-characterized test data sets, as well as the significant cost and time issues associated with assembling the data sets, contributes to the limitations of this approach. This paper uses a synthetic-image-generation model in cooperation with a factorial-designed experiment to create a family of images with which to rigorously test the performance of hyperspectral algorithms. The factorial-designed experimental approach allowed the joint effects of the sensor's view angle, time of day, atmospheric visibility, and the size of the targets to be studied with respect to algorithm performance. A head-to-head performance comparison of the two tested spectral processing algorithms was also made. Finally, real images are processed using the algorithmic settings employed in the designed experiments to validate the approach. C1 [Bellucci, Joseph P.] Air Combat Command Headquarters, Anal Lessons Learned & Directorate A9 AFSO21, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. [Smetek, Timothy E.; Bauer, Kenneth W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bellucci, JP (reprint author), Air Combat Command Headquarters, Anal Lessons Learned & Directorate A9 AFSO21, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM joseph.bellucci@langley.af.mil; timothy.smetek@afit.edu; kenneth.bauer@afit.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology FX This work was supported by the Air Force Institute of Technology. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1223 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2029331 PN 1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559BL UT WOS:000274794600020 ER PT J AU Liang, Z Chaovalitwongse, WA Rodriguez, AD Jeffcoat, DE Grundel, DA O'Neal, JK AF Liang, Zhe Chaovalitwongse, Wanpracha Art Rodriguez, Andrew D. Jeffcoat, David E. Grundel, Don A. O'Neal, John K. TI Optimization of Spatiotemporal Clustering for Target Tracking From Multisensor Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Clustering; military applications; optimization; target tracking ID AREA-SEARCH MUNITIONS; MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS TRACKING; ABNORMAL BRAIN ACTIVITY; TASK ALLOCATION; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB This study focuses on the information extraction from reported sensor data in the communication system of wide-area-search munitions (WASMs). Such sensor data could be erroneous and inconsistent. For example, two WASMs might detect the same target, but associate it with two different targets and tracks. Similarly, two WASMs might detect two distinct targets, but recognize them as the same target. The research challenge is how to fuse both accurate and inaccurate information broadcasted from WASMs, and reconstruct the battle space for accurate target tracking. For each of the detected target points, WASMs provide its location information, detection time, and directional velocity. We, herein, propose a target clustering approach to group target points detected by WASMs and identify the track of individual targets. Our approach differs from traditional clustering techniques as it performs clustering using the time and orientation information, in addition to the distance in the Euclidean space. Our approach employs a network modeling technique to reconstruct all target points and their feasible movement, and a new optimization technique to find the most probable target tracks. Our approach can also determine the optimal number of clusters (targets) automatically from the input data. In this study, distributed interactive simulation, a real-time simulation of a network's information exchange, is used to generate battle space test instances that are used in evaluating the proposed framework. Based on seven realistically simulated instances, the computational results show that our approach provides extremely accurate target-tracking results in a timely fashion. We also compare our results with those obtained using the k-means clustering technique. On average, our approach reconstructs the real target tracks with about 95% accuracy in less than 10 s, while the k-means clustering results yields about 80% accuracy in a similar computational time. C1 [Liang, Zhe; Chaovalitwongse, Wanpracha Art; Rodriguez, Andrew D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Jeffcoat, David E.; Grundel, Don A.; O'Neal, John K.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Liang, Z (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM liangzhe@eden.rutgers.edu; wchaoval@rci.rutgers.edu; adrodrig@eden.rutgers.edu; david.jeffcoat@eglin.af.mil; grundel@eglin.af.mil; john.oneal@eglin.af.mil RI Liang, Zhe/A-9886-2012 FU National Science Foundation CAREER [0546574]; Rutgers Research Council [202018] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation CAREER under Grant CCF 0546574 and in part by the Rutgers Research Council under Grant 202018. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6977 EI 1558-2442 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 176 EP 188 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2035101 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 558JD UT WOS:000274736500004 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ Lindsay, DR AF Jackson, R. Jeffrey Lindsay, Douglas R. TI Lessons for Experience: Why Wait? SO INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 [Jackson, R. Jeffrey; Lindsay, Douglas R.] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeff.jackson@usafa.edu NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1754-9426 J9 IND ORGAN PSYCHOL-US JI Ind. Organ. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1754-9434.2009.01197.x PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 754XH UT WOS:000289890600010 ER PT J AU Chandran, KSR Cashman, GT Larsen, JM Sakai, T AF Chandran, K. S. Ravi Cashman, G. T. Larsen, J. M. Sakai, T. TI Special issue on competing failure modes and variability in fatigue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chandran, K. S. Ravi; Cashman, G. T.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Larsen, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sakai, T.] Ritsumeiken Univ, Shiga 5258577, Japan. RP Chandran, KSR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM ravi.chandran@utah.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 481 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.08.006 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 606YS UT WOS:000278465700001 ER PT J AU Przybyla, C Prasannavenkatesan, R Salajegheh, N McDowell, DL AF Przybyla, Craig Prasannavenkatesan, Rajesh Salajegheh, Nima McDowell, David L. TI Microstructure-sensitive modeling of high cycle fatigue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Extreme value statistics; High cycle fatigue; Inclusions; Small cracks; Microstructure-sensitive ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE MICROSTRUCTURES; REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENTS; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS; SMALL SURFACE CRACKS; LOW-CARBON STEELS; LATH MARTENSITE; SUPER-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBURIZED STEEL AB Strategies are described for microstructure-sensitive computational methods for estimating variability of high cycle fatigue (HCF) crack formation and early growth in metallic polycrystals to support design of fatigue resistant alloys. We outline a philosophy of employing computational simulation to establish relations between remote loading conditions and microstructure-scale slip behavior in terms of Fatigue Indicator Parameters (FlPs) as a function of stress amplitude, stress state and microstructure, featuring calibration of mean experimental responses for known microstructures. Effects of process history (carburization and shot peening) and resulting residual stresses are considered in the case of subsurface crack formation at primary inclusions in martensitic gear steel. The need to characterize extreme value correlations of microstructure attributes coupled to the local driving force (i.e., features) for HCF crack formation is outlined, along with a strategy involving a set of FlPs relevant to different mechanisms of crack formation. Surface to subsurface transitions are considered in terms of competing mechanisms in the transition from HCF to very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Prasannavenkatesan, Rajesh; Salajegheh, Nima; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Przybyla, Craig; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Przybyla, Craig] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu RI Prasannavenkatesan, Rajesh/G-2104-2012 FU ONR/DARPA D3D [N00014-05-C-024]; NSF FX The authors acknowledge support for the work on martensitic gear steel by the ONR/DARPA D3D tools consortia (J. Christodoulou, monitor, contract # N00014-05-C-024), administered through a subcontract through QuesTek LLC in Evanston, IL (contract monitors H. Jou and G.B. Olson). We are also grateful for the support of the NSF Center for Computational Materials Design, a joint Penn State-Georgia Tech I/UCRC, for development of extreme value HCF and VHCF statistical methods informed by microstructure-sensitive computational models. NR 98 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 512 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.03.021 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 606YS UT WOS:000278465700006 ER PT J AU Cooper, W Breaux, B AF Cooper, William L. Breaux, Bradley A. TI Grain fracture in rapid particulate media deformation and a particulate media research roadmap from the PMEE workshops SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation CY MAR 08-12, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP IUTAM HO Univ Texas DE Particulate; Sand; Fracture; Dynamic; Quartz; Constitutive; Research roadmap ID SAND AB It is well known that grain fracture plays an important role in quasi-static compaction of particulate media (e.g. civil engineering applications). Grain fracture is frequently the energy-minimizing path which enables particulate media to support large stresses. Less well known is the role that fracture plays in higher-rate particulate media systems. This paper discusses grain-scale & macro-scale evidence for the role of fracture in high-pressure/rate particulate media deformation events. It also presents (Appendix) a related particulate materials research roadmap developed by feedback from the Particulate Materials in Extreme Environments (PMEE) workshops. Experimental evidence is presented from recent sand fracture experiments performed by launching hemispherical-nose projectiles into specially-prepared beds of sand. Particle size analysis, SEM images of virgin & fractured media, and images from the bulk sand fracture & flow are used to illustrate the role of sand fracture. It is shown that as-poured sand exhibits a dilatational response and that mechanically compacted sand exhibits a compaction response when each is stimulated by a high-speed hemi-nose projectile. For compacted sand, particle size analysis suggests that particles near the rear of the target (lower projectile velocities and pressures) are reduced more in size. Fractured sand is shown to exhibit abrasion, attrition and fracture modes with visual self-similarity limited to specific particle size range roughly divided into classes larger or smaller than similar to 50 microns. Initial particulate media density affects the bulk response to high-pressure/rate events. Varying the density can transition the flow from dilation to compaction-dominated, likely as a function of inter-grain stresses from compaction. Substantial particle fracture is an artifact of both flow cases. C1 [Cooper, William L.; Breaux, Bradley A.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cooper, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Suite 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM william.cooper@eglin.af.mil NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 162 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s10704-010-9467-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 612JG UT WOS:000278893300011 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Bonvicino, A Martel, M Renshaw, IL Azodi, M Parkash, V AF Fadare, Oluwole Bonvicino, Amanda Martel, Maritza Renshaw, Idris L. Azodi, Masoud Parkash, Vinita TI Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus: A Clinicopathologic Study of 4 Cases and a Review of the Literature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Rhabdomyosarcoma; Pleomorphic; Uterus; Myo-D1 ID MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR; ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL SARCOMA; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; PURE EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; EPITHELIOID LEIOMYOSARCOMA; POSTMENOPAUSAL PATIENT; FALLOPIAN-TUBE; UTERUS; ADULTS AB We report the clinicopathologic features of 4 cases of pure pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine corpus with an emphasis on their frequent expression of CD10 and CD56, review the relevant literature, and discuss differential diagnostic considerations. The patients ranged from 51 to 79 years (mean 68 y). All were FIGO stage IIIC to IV at initial surgical staging, and 3 were dead from the disease at an average of 8.6 months follow-up. In addition to the expected findings, other notable morphologic features included tumor giant cells (4/4), osteoclast-like giant cells (1/4), patchy myxoid stroma (4/4), and only infrequent cytoplasmic cross striations (1/4). The tumors in all 4 cases were positive for myogenin, myo-D1, smooth muscle actin, desmin, muscle-specific actin (HHF-35), and CD10; 3 (75%) of 4 cases were positive for calponin and CD56; all cases were negative for cytokeratin 7, synaptophysin, epithelial membrane antigen, placental-like alkaline phosphatase, chromogranin, and a pan-keratin. Twenty-three cases have been reported earlier in the English-language literature between 1969 and 2009. In combination with the current 4, the 27 patients had an age range of 35 to 87 years (mean 66.33 y). Only 1 patient was deemed inoperable; most had staging operations. Following their initial evaluations, 16 (59%) were found to have extrauterine extension of disease. At follow-up, 73% (19/27) were dead from the disease and 19.2% had no evidence of recurrence. Ten (53%) of the 19 deaths occurred within 6.5 months of initial evaluation. Stage at presentation did not have any significant impact on outcome: 73% of the 11 patients with uterus-confined disease at presentation were dead from the disease at follow-up, a rate of disease-associated death that was nearly identical to the 75% in the 16 patients with extrauterine disease at presentation. A wide variety of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies were administered, which did not appear to significantly impact outcomes. These data indicate that pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine corpus is a highly aggressive, rapidly progressive tumor with a high case-fatality rate. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Bonvicino, Amanda] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Bonvicino, Amanda] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bonvicino, Amanda] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Renshaw, Idris L.] Vanguard Pathol Associates, Austin, TX USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37332 USA. [Martel, Maritza] Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Martel, Maritza] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Martel, Maritza; Azodi, Masoud; Parkash, Vinita] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New Haven, CT USA. [Parkash, Vinita] Bridgeport Hosp, Dept Pathol, Bridgeport, CT USA. [Martel, Maritza] Providence Hlth & Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 1161 21st Ave S,MCN Rm C-2310D, Nashville, TN 37332 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 82 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1097/PGP.0b013e3181bc98c0 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 586KN UT WOS:000276907200005 PM 20173498 ER PT J AU Przybyla, CP McDowell, DL AF Przybyla, Craig P. McDowell, David L. TI Microstructure-sensitive extreme value probabilities for high cycle fatigue of Ni-base superalloy IN100 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE High cycle fatigue; Ni-base superalloys; Extreme value statistics; Probabilistic fatigue; Microstructure-sensitive design ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE MICROSTRUCTURES; REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENTS; SHORT CRACK-GROWTH; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; METAL FATIGUE; INTRAGRANULAR BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE; NUCLEATION; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION AB To quantify the effects of interactions between various microstructure attributes on fatigue life in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) regime, we have proposed a new microstructure-sensitive extreme value statistical framework. This framework couples the extreme value distributions of certain fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) or response functions to the correlated microstructure attributes that exist at the extreme value locations of these FIPs. We demonstrate the application of this statistical framework to investigate the microstructure-sensitive fatigue response of the PM Ni-base superalloy IN100 at 650 degrees C. To accomplish this task, we construct statistical volume elements (SVEs) used to compute the local response for 200 instantiations of IN100. These SVEs are constructed and simulated via the finite element method with crystal plasticity constitutive relations. The results of the simulations are used to explore extreme value statistics of the FIPs for these microstructures. The extreme value distributions of the Fatemi-Socie FIP are fit with high confidence by the Gumbel distribution and are defined in a representative nature with as few as 25 simulated microstructure instantiations (i.e., SVEs). The extreme value marked correlation functions of the apparent Schmid factor based on the geometry of the slip systems relative to the loading direction indicate that cube slip may be important to fatigue crack formation in this material system. This supports previous experimental observations of fatigue crack formation and microstructurally small fatigue crack growth along cube planes in IN100 in grains that are unfavorably oriented for octahedral slip at elevated temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Przybyla, Craig P.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Przybyla, Craig P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDowell, David L.] George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Przybyla, CP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cpriz@gatech.edu FU NSF; Penn State-Georgia Tech I/UCRC; Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the NSF Center for Computational Materials Design, a joint Penn State-Georgia Tech I/UCRC, for development of extreme value HCF and VHCF statistical methods informed by microstructure-sensitive computational models. In addition, Craig P. Przybyla is grateful for the financial support of the Graduate Coop Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. We are very appreciative of the insight offered relative to fatigue damage formation in Ni-base superalloys offered by Dr. Sushant Jha, Dr. Kezhong Li, and Dr. Michael Caton of the Air Force Research Laboratory through our many discussions. We also thank Dr. Michael Uchic of the Air Force Research Laboratory for his valuable feedback concerning our initial simulation results. In addition, Dr. Thomas Cruse is gratefully acknowledged for his helpful guidance in fitting the extreme value distributions. NR 67 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 6 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 372 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.08.001 PG 23 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 573DY UT WOS:000275889800003 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV AF Gaitonde, Datta V. TI Mean Flowfield Structure of a Supersonic Three-Dimensional Base Flow SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SEPARATED FLOWS; WAKE; VISUALIZATIONS; PROJECTILE; AFTERBODY; ALGORITHM; TOPOLOGY; VELOCITY AB The mean flowfield structure in the wake region of a circular cylinder at a 10 deg angle of attack in a Mach 2.5 flow is described. Results from the full three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, supplemented with a compressibility-corrected two-equation turbulence model, are compared with extensive available experimental data. Mesh resolved results indicate that surface pressure trends on both the afterbody and the base are reproduced well, but quantitative differences of about 15% are observed in different regions. The main experimental observations of the shock pattern, surface oil flow on the afterbody and the base surfaces, velocity vector plots in the symmetry and lateral planes, and end-view flow images are reproduced to good accuracy. Based on this success, the computed solution is employed to generate a model for the mean flow. The main feature is a pair of longitudinal vortices separated by high-speed fluid entrained primarily from the leeward and lateral afterbody boundary layers and bounded from below by the windward afterbody boundary layer. The mean vorticity distribution reveals a vortex core pair forming a horseshoelike structure. The three-dimensional wave structure is elucidated and correlated with the streamline pattern. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 368 EP 382 DI 10.2514/1.45144 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300002 ER PT J AU Williams, MD Reeder, MF Maple, RC Solfelt, DA AF Williams, Michael D. Reeder, Mark F. Maple, Raymond C. Solfelt, Daniel A. TI Modeling, Simulation, and Flight Tests for a T-38 Talon with Wing Fences SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A computational study, a wind-tunnel analysis, and a flight test on the T-38 Talon demonstrated that approach-to-stall characteristics may be improved by the addition of a wing fence. Fences were placed at the location of a preexisting seam, at +/- 0.825 semispan, and were compared with the T-38 without fences. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations were conducted using the computational fluid dynamics air vehicles unstructured solver to examine the flow around the T-38 at typical full-flap landing conditions (Re = 4.66 x 10(6) per unit length). Solutions were computed over a range of angles of attack from 2 to 15 deg. The fence was found to increase C(Lmax) by 7% and delay the attainment of C(Lmax) from a 12 to a 13 deg angle of attack. This effect was achieved through the formation of a discrete streamwise vortex outboard of the fence, which prevented flow separation in the tip region, which (in turn) delayed flow separation over the remainder of the wing, resulting in the higher computed lift. Wind-tunnel results, by and large, were based on aircraft instrumentation and flow visualization for Mach numbers up to 0.65 (Re(mac) similar to 10(7)). The flight-test data showed an increase in C(L), of approximately 2% in the angle-of-attack range of 12-14.5 deg when the wing fence was in place. Onboard accelerometer data suggest the fence reduced the roll-off tendency and the wing-rock amplitude during approaches to stall. Flow visualization on the aircraft wing in both the wind-tunnel study and the flight test suggested that the fence reduced spanwise and separated flow outboard the fence, which agreed with the computational fluid dynamics results. C1 [Williams, Michael D.; Reeder, Mark F.; Maple, Raymond C.; Solfelt, Daniel A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Solfelt, Daniel A.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Williams, MD (reprint author), 419 Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.2514/1.46122 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300006 ER PT J AU Tucker, AA Hutto, GT Dagli, CH AF Tucker, Aaron A. Hutto, Gregory T. Dagli, Cihan H. TI Application of Design of Experiments to Flight Test: A Case Study SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Modern flight testing tends to be a complex, expensive undertaking, so any increases in efficiency result in considerable savings. Design of experiments is a statistical methodology that enables a highly efficient investigation where only the samples needed are collected and analyzed. Increased information is garnered from the data collected, whereas the number of data points required to understand the system is reduced. In this limited effort, an actual flight-test program serves as a case study to compare and contrast five different designs to explore a flight-test envelope. The case-study data are analyzed using each designed experiment, and the results are compared and contrasted as a cost-benefit relationship between flight-test resources expended and system understanding gained (i.e., statistical confidence and power). The design of experiments methodologies, as applied to this case study, show a 50 to 80% reduction in flight-test resources yet produce similar levels of statistical confidence and power. In an era of restricted budgets and time lines, careful design and thoughtful analysis of flight-test experiments can make the difference between a failed or canceled flight-test program and the successful fielding of a needed capability. C1 [Tucker, Aaron A.] USAF, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Hutto, Gregory T.] USAF, Eglin AFB, FL 32547 USA. [Dagli, Cihan H.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Tucker, AA (reprint author), USAF, C-5-C-17 Expt Test Pilot,418th Flight Test Squadr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM aaron.tucker@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.2514/1.40301 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300010 ER PT J AU Swanson, T Isaac, KM AF Swanson, Taylor Isaac, K. M. TI Planform and Camber Effects on the Aerodynamics of Low-Reynolds-Number Wings SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LOW-ASPECT-RATIO AB This work is a computational study of the aerodynamics of a wing in a constant freestream at angles of attack ranging from 0 to 45 and an extremely low Reynolds number of 500. Four wings were studied: rectangular with and without camber and semi-ellipse with and without camber. Lift and drag coefficients were determined and their trends were explained, including a lift coefficient peak at similar to 20 degrees for all geometries investigated. Flow features were also identified and explained. The dominant flow feature was the tip vortex, which moves streamlines rootward and forms a spiral vortex at high angles of attack for rectangular wings. Semi-ellipse wings also have a spiral vortex at higher angles of attack. Surface stream traces were also investigated and showed complex vortex-dominated flow patterns that depended on planform shape and angle of attack. C1 [Swanson, Taylor] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Isaac, K. M.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Swanson, T (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM Taylor.Swanson@arnold.af.mil; isaac@mst.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.2514/1.45921 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300025 ER PT J AU Stanford, BK Beran, PS AF Stanford, Bret K. Beran, Philip S. TI Analytical Sensitivity Analysis of an Unsteady Vortex-Lattice Method for Flapping-Wing Optimization SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 50th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY MAY 02-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID MICRO AIR VEHICLES; SPANWISE FLEXIBILITY; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; FLEXIBLE WINGS; AERODYNAMICS; FLIGHT; KINEMATICS; AIRFOIL; MOTION AB This work considers the design optimization of a flapping wing in forward flight with active shape morphing, aimed at maximizing propulsive efficiency under lift and thrust constraints. This is done with an inviscid three-dimensional unsteady vortex-lattice method, for which the moderate level of fidelity is offset by a relatively inexpensive computational cost. The design is performed with a gradient-based optimization, where gradients are computed with an analytical sensitivity analysis. Wake terms provide the only connection between the forces generated at disparate time steps and must be included to compute the derivative of the aerodynamic state at a time step with respect to the wing shape at all previous steps. The cyclic wing morphing, superimposed upon the flapping motions, is defined by a series of spatial and temporal approximations. The generalized coordinates of a finite number of twisting and bending modes are approximated by cubic splines. The amplitudes at the control points provide design variables; increasing,the number of variables (providing the wing morphing with a greater degree of spatial and temporal freedom) is seen to provide increasingly superior designs, with little increase in computational cost. C1 [Stanford, Bret K.; Beran, Philip S.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 647 EP 662 DI 10.2514/1.46259 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300029 ER PT J AU Waibel, KH Gomez, R AF Waibel, Kirk H. Gomez, Robert TI Ovalbumin content in 2009 to 2010 seasonal and H1N1 monovalent influenza vaccines SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID EGG ALLERGY; VACCINATION C1 [Waibel, Kirk H.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Gomez, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Waibel, KH (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kirk.waibel@amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 125 IS 3 BP 749 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.015 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 573BK UT WOS:000275883200037 PM 20060576 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Huang, CY Weimer, DR Wise, JO Wilson, GR Lin, CS Marcos, FA AF Burke, W. J. Huang, C. Y. Weimer, D. R. Wise, J. O. Wilson, G. R. Lin, C. S. Marcos, F. A. TI Energy and power requirements of the global thermosphere during the magnetic storm of November 10, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic storm; Poynting flux; Thermospheric energy ID TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; POLAR-CAP POTENTIALS; HILL MODEL; DENSITIES; EXPLORER; FIELDS AB We used Poynting fluxes and densities (rho) over bar to investigate the stormtime thermosphere on November 10, 2004. Thermospheric energy, E(th) which is derived from (rho) over bar, consists of two sources, solar ultraviolet radiation (E(th UV)) and the solar wind (E(th SW)). Responses of E(th SW) to interplanetary driving suggest that the thermosphere can be described by the equation dE(th SW)/dt = alpha epsilon(VS)-(E(th SW)/tau), where epsilon(VS) represents the electric field: alpha and tau are constants. We show that: (1) E(th SW) is three times the ring-current energy; (2) alpha epsilon(VS) is comparable with model predictions; (3) signatures of equatorward propagating disturbances were detected in neutral density profiles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burke, W. J.; Huang, C. Y.; Wise, J. O.; Wilson, G. R.; Lin, C. S.; Marcos, F. A.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, W. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Weimer, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Task 2301SDA5]; AF [FA8718-04-C-0055, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX Support for the presented work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Task 2301SDA5 and AF Contracts FA8718-04-C-0055 and FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. We thank B. R. Tapley of the University of Texas for access to GRACE measurements. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 72 IS 4 SI SI BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.06.005 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570NK UT WOS:000275684800006 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM Kelley, MC AF Retterer, J. M. Kelley, M. C. TI Solar wind drivers for low-latitude ionosphere models during geomagnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Modeling; Low latitude; Geomagnetic storms; Plasma structure and instability ID SATELLITE; DENSITIES; PLASMA; FIELDS AB A prescription for modeling the low-latitude ionosphere under active geomagnetic storm conditions is given, using a set of simple empirical drivers based on parameters of the solar wind. These drivers describe the effects of energy input from the solar wind into the ionosphere, including prompt penetration electric fields and thermospheric heating, thus permitting the ionosphere to be more accurately modeled under these extreme conditions. These drivers are relevant to modeling both the global-scale ambient ionosphere and the plasma instability of the ionosphere. An application of the drivers to modeling the low-latitude ionosphere during the November 2004 storm is presented in a companion paper [Retterer, J.M., Kelley, M.C., Valladares, C., Chau, J., Ilma, R., Gentile, L, Groves, K., 2009. Modeling the low-latitude ionospheric electron density and plasma turbulence in the November 2004 storm period. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., this issue]. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Retterer, J. M.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil; mikek@ece.cornell.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA956-05-01600]; NSF through Cornell University [ATM-0432565] FX We thank O. de La Beaujardiere and W. Burke for interesting discussions. This research was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research at AFRL and at Cornell University (FA956-05-01600). The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 72 IS 4 SI SI BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.003 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570NK UT WOS:000275684800010 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM Ilma, R Kelley, MC Chau, JL Valladares, CE Gentile, LC Groves, K AF Retterer, J. M. Ilma, Ronald Kelley, M. C. Chau, Jorge L. Valladares, C. E. Gentile, L. C. Groves, K. TI Modeling the low-latitude ionospheric electron density and plasma turbulence in the November 2004 storm period SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Low-latitude ionosphere; Modeling; Plasma structure and instability; Radio scintillation ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD F AB The storm period of 8-12 November 2004 offers an opportunity for insight into the phenomena of low-latitude ionospheric structure during geomagnetically disturbed times because of the strength of the disturbances, the timing of the storms, and the instrumentation that was operating during the interval. We will take advantage of these factors to model the ambient ionosphere and the plasma turbulence responsible for radio scintillation within it, using the AFRL low-latitude ambient/turbulent ionospheric model and the storm-time model features described in the companion paper [Retterer, J.M., Kelley, M.C., 2009. Solar-wind drivers for low-latitude ionospheric models during geomagnetic storms. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., this issue]. The model plasma densities show very good agreement with the densities measured by the Jicamarca ISR as well as with the total electron content (TEC) measured by the Boston College South American chain of GPS receivers. The detection by the radar of coherent returns from plasma turbulence match well the times of predicted ionospheric instability. The predicted geographic extent of the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles was matched by DMSP satellite observations and our forecasts of scintillation strength were validated with measurements of S4 at Ancon and Antofagasta by stations of the AFRL SCINDA network. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Retterer, J. M.; Groves, K.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Ilma, Ronald; Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Chau, Jorge L.] Inst Geofis Peru, Radio Observ Jicamarca, Lima, Peru. [Valladares, C. E.; Gentile, L. C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil RI Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013 OI Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA955-05-01600, 2311AS]; AFRL [F19628-04-C-0055, F19628-02-C0087]; NSF through Cornell University [ATM-0432565]; NSF [0521487] FX We thank O. de La Beaujardiere and W. Burke for interesting discussions. This research was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research at AFRL and Cornell University (FA955-05-01600), and by AFRL Contracts F19628-04-C-0055 and F19628-02-C0087, AFOSR task 2311AS with Boston College. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. The operation of the GPS receivers in South America was supported by NSF under Grant 0521487. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 72 IS 4 SI SI BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.012 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570NK UT WOS:000275684800011 ER PT J AU Thomas, MU AF Thomas, Marlin U. TI Models for Managing Contingency Construction Operations SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Contingency construction; Reliability; Military construction ID LOGISTICS AB A contingency is a crisis situation such as a national disaster, civil disorder, or military invasion that creates a major threat to the safety and security of a population. Essentially all contingencies require construction support that is generally mission critical and inherently challenging due to the dynamics and uncertainty with the availability of resources and the demands for the projects. This paper considers a military contingency for which all construction projects must be completed within a fixed time to achieve mission success. The effectiveness in accomplishing the construction mission is based on mission time reliability assessed using the probability of interference between load measured in the number of days required for the project, and the capacity which is taken as the available allotted resources. Two models are developed to assist in managing the allocation of resources for the construction operations; one based on conditions of moderate risk with randomly occurring repetitive loads, and the other a Markov chain model for high risk conditions. Examples are provided. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, MU (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000133 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 555OW UT WOS:000274523100012 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Palmer, GR Olivas, AC AF McFarland, Michael J. Palmer, Glenn R. Olivas, Arthur C. TI Life cycle cost evaluation of the digital opacity compliance system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Visible opacity; Digital imagery; Life cycle cost AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established EPA Reference Method 9 (Method 9) as the preferred enforcement approach for verifying compliance with federal visible opacity standards. While Method 9 has an extensive history of successful employment, reliance on human observers to quantify visible emissions is inherently subjective, a characteristic that exposes Method 9 results to claims of inaccuracy, bias and, in some cases, outright fraud, The Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS), which employs commercial-off-the-shelf digital photography coupled with simple computer processing, is a new approach for quantifying visible opacity. The DOCS technology has been previously demonstrated to meet and, in many cases, surpass the Method 9 accuracy and reliability standards (McFarland et al., 2006). Beyond its performance relative to Method 9, DOCS provides a permanent visual record of opacity, a vital feature in legal compliance challenges. In recent DOCS field testing, the opacity analysis of two hundred and forty one (241) regulated air emissions from the following industrial processes: 1) industrial scrubbers, 2) emergency generators, 3) asphalt paving, 4) steel production and 5) incineration indicated that Method 9 and DOCS were statistically equivalent at the 99% confidence level. However, a life cycle cost analysis demonstrated that implementation of DOCS could potentially save a facility $15,732 per trained opacity observer compared to utilization of Method 9. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McFarland, Michael J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Palmer, Glenn R.; Olivas, Arthur C.] CEG CEVOC, Environm Management Div 75, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1405 Mt Logan Dr, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM farlandm@msn.com FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) [CP-200119] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) for providing financial support for this study under contract number CP-200119. The authors would like to thank the EPA Emissions Measurement Center (Research Triangle Park, NC) for their technical guidance and critical review of the DOCS field test results. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 91 IS 4 BP 927 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.11.010 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 561NP UT WOS:000274984900016 PM 20022420 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI An Animal Model to Investigate Effectiveness and Safety of Conducted Energy Weapons (Including TASER (R) Devices) SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic pathophysiology; conducted energy weapon; electronic control device; TASER; electro-muscular disruption; animal model; swine ID INDUCED LUNG INJURY; ELECTRICAL WEAPON; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SWINE MODEL; IN-VITRO; ANESTHESIA; PIGS; KETAMINE; PROPOFOL AB Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law-enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without causing lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures during law-enforcement operations. The purpose of this technical note is to describe, in detail, some aspects of an anesthetized swine model used in our laboratory and to answer specific questions related to the model. In particular, tiletamine/zolazepam-induced, propofol-maintained anesthesia appears to be a useful technique for studying effects of CEW applications on muscle contraction and blood factors such as muscle enzymes. Because effects of CEWs on breathing have not been fully elucidated, a spontaneously breathing model is preferable to one in which mechanical ventilation is supplied. Placement of the swine in a supine position may facilitate measurement of muscle contractions, without compromising other physiological parameters. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 93 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01308.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 563AV UT WOS:000275098700036 PM 20141556 ER PT J AU Sommers, AD Yerkes, KL AF Sommers, Andrew D. Yerkes, Kirk L. TI Experimental investigation into the convective heat transfer and system-level effects of Al2O3-propanol nanofluid SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanofluids; Aluminum oxide; Propanol; Nanoparticles; Convective heat transfer; Colloids ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; NANO-FLUIDS; FLOW; ENHANCEMENT; PIPE AB It has been speculated that the application of nanofluids in real systems could lead to smaller, more compact heat exchangers and reductions in material cost. However, few studies have been conducted which have carefully measured the thermo-physical properties and thermal performance of these fluids as well as examine the system-level effects of using these fluids in traditional cooling systems. In this study, dilute suspensions of 10 nm aluminum oxide nanoparticles in propanol (0.5, 1, and 3 wt%) were investigated. Changes in density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity with particle concentration were measured and found to be linear, whereas changes in viscosity were nonlinear and increased sharply with particle loading. Nanofluid heat transfer performance data were generally commensurate with that measured for the baseline. For the 1 wt% concentration, a small but significant enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient was recorded for 1800 < Re < 2800, which is attributed to an earlier transition to turbulent flow. In the case of high particle loading (i.e. 3 wt%), the thermal performance was observed to deteriorate with respect to the baseline case. Discoloration of the fluid was also observed after being cycled at high flow rates and increased temperature. C1 [Sommers, Andrew D.] Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Yerkes, Kirk L.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RZP, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Sommers, AD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, 56 Engn Bldg, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM sommerad@muohio.edu; kirk.yerkes@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1014 DI 10.1007/s11051-009-9657-3 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 586ED UT WOS:000276883900030 ER PT J AU Chen, W Zhou, WD Soref, R Qin, WP AF Chen, Wei Zhou, Weidong Soref, Richard Qin, Weiping TI A Special Issue on Nanooptics and Nanophotonics SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chen, Wei] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Soref, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Qin, Weiping] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Integrated Optoelect, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RI Qin, Weiping/B-7167-2008 OI Qin, Weiping/0000-0002-5763-5846 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 SI SI BP 1415 EP 1417 DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.2022 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 548RV UT WOS:000273984800001 PM 20355532 ER PT J AU Qiang, ZX Soref, RA Zhou, WD AF Qiang, Zexuan Soref, Richard A. Zhou, Weidong TI Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators: Characteristics and Applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ring Resonators; Photonic Crystal; Photonic Bandgap; Mode Superposition; FDTD; Propagation Loss; Add-Drop Filter ID MICRORING-RESONATOR; WAVE-GUIDE; DROP FILTERS; SILICON; MODULATORS; LASER; MODE; SYMMETRY; LIGHT AB We review the characteristics and applications of photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRRs), which can potentially provide a good alternative to the traditional micro ring resonators, as one of the key contributors to the emerging low-power nanophotonic technology. Applying numerical analysis together with the theory of mode superposition, the properties of PCRRs have been comprehensively investigated. We will report PCRR key characteristics, including diameter (D)-dependent loss, quality factor (Q), and free spectral range (FSR). No size-dependent loss was found in PCRRs, unlike the similar to 1/D dependent loss in micro-strip resonators, making PCRRs a promising candidate for ultra-compact ring resonators. C1 [Soref, Richard A.] USAF, AFRL, RYNC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Qiang, Zexuan; Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Qiang, Zexuan] Fujian Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Optoelect, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, Peoples R China. RP Soref, RA (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, RYNC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Zhou, Weidong/D-1019-2009 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [07-SC-AFOSR-1004]; National Science Foundation [DMI-0625728] FX The authors acknowledge the help and support frorn Dr. Gernot Porntrenke. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant 07-SC-AFOSR-1004, and in part by National Science Foundation under Grant DMI-0625728. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 SI SI BP 1495 EP 1507 DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.2027 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 548RV UT WOS:000273984800008 PM 20355539 ER PT J AU Boyles, RE Walker, MJ Young, BA Strunce, JB Wainner, RS AF Boyles, Robert E. Walker, Michael J. Young, Brian A. Strunce, Joseph B. Wainner, Robert S. TI The Addition of Cervical Thrust Manipulations to a Manual Physical Therapy Approach in Patients Treated for Mechanical Neck Pain: A Secondary Analysis SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE cervical spine; manual therapy; mobilization ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; THORACIC SPINE MANIPULATION; LOW-BACK-PAIN; GENERAL-PRACTITIONER; DISABILITY INDEX; PREDICTION RULE; CONTINUED CARE; EXERCISE; MOBILIZATION; HEALTH AB STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). OBJECTIVES: To perform a secondary analysis on the treatment arm of a larger RCT to determine differences in treatment outcomes, adverse reactions, and effect sizes between patients who received cervical thrust manipulation and those who received only nonthrust manipulation as part of an impairment-based, multimodal treatment program of manual physical therapy (MPT) and exercise for patients with mechanical neck pain. BACKGROUND: A treatment regimen of MPT and exercise has been effective in patients with mechanical neck pain. Limited research has compared the effectiveness of cervical thrust manipulations and nonthrust mobilizations for this patient population, and no studies have investigated the added benefit of cervical thrust manipulations as part of an overall MPT treatment plan. METHODS: Treatment outcomes from 47 patients in the treatment arm of a larger RCT with a primary complaint of mechanical neck pain, were analyzed. Twenty-three patients (49%) received cervical thrust manipulations as part of their MPT treatment, and 24 patients (51%) received only cervical nonthrust mobilizations. All patients received up to 6 clinic sessions, twice weekly for 3 weeks, and a home exercise program. Primary outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI), 2 visual analog scales for cervical and upper extremity pain, and a 15-point global rating of change scale. Blinded outcome measurements were collected at baseline and at 3-, 6- and 52-week follow-ups. RESULTS: Consistent with the larger RCT, both subgroups in this secondary analysis demonstrated improvement in short- and long-term pain and disability scores. Low statistical power (beta <=.28) and the resultant small effect size indices (-0.21 to 0.17) preclude the identification of any between-group differences. No serious adverse reactions were reported by patients in either subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in both subgroups of patients over time suggest that cervical thrust manipulation, as part of the MPT treatment plan, did not influence the results of the treatment arm of the larger RCT from which this study was drawn. Although no between-group differences can be identified, the small observed effect sizes in this study may benefit future studies with sample size estimation for larger RCTs and indicate the need to incorporate clinical prediction rule criteria as a means to improve statistical power. C1 [Boyles, Robert E.] Univ Puget Sound, Sch Phys Therapy, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Walker, Michael J.] Baylor Univ, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Young, Brian A.] USAF, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. [Strunce, Joseph B.] No Navajo Med Ctr, Rehabil Dept, Shiprock, NM USA. [Wainner, Robert S.] Texas State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, San Marcos, TX USA. RP Boyles, RE (reprint author), Univ Puget Sound, Sch Phys Therapy, 1500 N Warner St,1070, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. EM bboyles@pugetsound.edu NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.2519/jospt.2010.3106 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 561CD UT WOS:000274952100002 PM 20195023 ER PT J AU Mabry, LM Ross, MD Tall, MA AF Mabry, Lance M. Ross, Michael D. Tall, Michael A. TI Diagnostic Imaging Following Cervical Spine Injury SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mabry, Lance M.] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Ross, Michael D.] Phys Med Training Programs, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. [Tall, Michael A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Mabry, LM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 189 EP 189 DI 10.2519/jospt.2010.0405 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 561CD UT WOS:000274952100009 PM 20195026 ER PT J AU Kang, JY Eo, SM Jeon, IY Chioi, YS Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Kang, Ji-Ye Eo, Soo-Mi Jeon, In-Yup Chioi, Yeong Suk Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Multifunctional Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE composites; high-performance polymers; in situ polymerization; multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT); nanocomposites; poly(2,5-benzimidazole); (ABPBI); polycondensation; poly(phosphoric acid); single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT); toughness ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; FUEL-CELLS; POLY(PHOSPHORIC ACID); ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOFIBER COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; MEMBRANES; FIBERS; DISPERSION AB The AB-monomer, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride, was recrystallized from an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and used to synthesize high-molecular-weight poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI). ABPBI/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were prepared via in situ polymerization of the AB-monomer in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) or multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in a mildly acidic polyphosphoric acid. The ABPBI/SWCNT and ABPBI/MWCNT composites displayed good solubility in methanesulfonic acid and thus, uniform films could be cast. The morphology of these composite films was studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that both types of CNTs were uniformly dispersed into the ABPBI matrix. Tensile properties of the composite films were significantly improved when compared with ABPBI, and their toughness (similar to 200 MPa) was close to the nature's toughest spider silk (similar to 215 MPa). The electrical conductivities of ABPBI/SWCNT and ABPBI/MWCNT composite films were 9.10 x 10(-5) and 2.53 x 10(-1) S/cm, respectively, whereas that of ABPBI film was 4.81 X 10(-6) S/cm. These values are similar to 19 and 52,700 times enhanced by the presence of SWCNT and MWCNT, respectively. Finally, without acid impregnation, the ABPBI film was nonconducting while the SWCNT- and MWCNT-based composites were proton conducting with maximum conductivities of 0.018 and 0.017 S/cm, respectively. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48:1067-1078, 2010 C1 [Kang, Ji-Ye; Eo, Soo-Mi; Jeon, In-Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Chioi, Yeong Suk] Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Energy & Environm Lab, Suwon 449600, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,AFRL RXBN, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Sch Energy Engn, 194 Banyeon, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R and D (AFOSR-AOARD); National Research Foundation (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea FX This work was supported by funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R and D (AFOSR-AOARD), World Class University (WCU) supported by National Research Foundation (NRF), and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1067 EP 1078 DI 10.1002/pola.23862 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 560YP UT WOS:000274942000008 ER PT J AU Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Klingshirn, CD Striebich, R Cheng, MD AF Corporan, Edwin DeWitt, Matthew J. Klingshirn, Christopher D. Striebich, Richard Cheng, Meng-Dawn TI Emissions Characteristics of Military Helicopter Engines with JP-8 and Fischer-Tropsch Fuels SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The rapid growth in aviation activities and more stringent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations have increased concerns regarding aircraft emissions, due to their harmful health and environmental impacts, especially in the vicinity of airports and military bases. In this study, the gaseous and particulate-matter emissions of two General Electric T701C engines and one T700 engine were evaluated. The T700 series engines power the U.S. Army's Black Hawk and Apache helicopters. The engines were fueled with standard military JP-8 fuel and were tested at three power settings. In addition, one of the T701C engines was operated on a natural-gas-derived Fischer Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene jet fuel. Test results show that the T701C engine emits significantly lower particulate-matter emissions than the T700 for all conditions tested. Particulate-matter mass emission indices ranged from 0.2-1.4 g/kg fuel for the T700 and 0.2-0.6 g/kg fuel for the T701C. Slightly higher NO(x) and lower CO emissions were observed for the T701C compared with the T700. Operation of the T701C with the Fischer Tropsch fuel rendered dramatic reductions in soot emissions relative to operation on JP-8, due primarily to the lack of aromatic compounds in the alternative fuel. The Fischer Tropsch fuel also produced smaller particles and slight reductions in CO emissions. C1 [Corporan, Edwin] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeWitt, Matthew J.; Klingshirn, Christopher D.; Striebich, Richard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cheng, Meng-Dawn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Corporan, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edwin.corporan@wpafb.af.mil RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012 FU Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) office [WP-1401]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [F33615-03-2-2347] FX This work was funded by the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) office within the Weapon Systems and Platforms focus area under the Project WP-1401 led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work of the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under the cooperative research agreement F33615-03-2-2347. Special thanks to Joe Lukas from the Aviation Branch Maintenance Division at Fort Stewart for his support and coordination of these tests and to Daniel Houck, Robert Henson, Jason Mikelonis, and Robert Shell for operating the test facility. The authors are also very grateful to Joe Mainz from UDRI and Tom Greene from Taitech, Inc., for their technical support during the tests and to Linda Shafer and Rhonda Cook of UDRI for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.2514/1.43928 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 583XA UT WOS:000276712400013 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, K Bowersox, RDW Srinivasan, R Tichenor, NR Carter, CD Ryan, MD AF Kobayashi, Kan Bowersox, Rodney D. W. Srinivasan, Ravichandra Tichenor, Nathan R. Carter, Campbell D. Ryan, Michael D. TI Experimental and Numerical Studies of Diamond-Shaped Injector in a Supersonic Flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID MACH-5.0 FREESTREAM; TAGGING VELOCIMETRY; SONIC INJECTION; CAVITY; FLUORESCENCE; ORIFICES; PORTS C1 [Kobayashi, Kan] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Space Transportat Mission Directorate, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Bowersox, Rodney D. W.; Srinivasan, Ravichandra; Tichenor, Nathan R.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Michael D.] Universal Technol Corp, Aerosp Prop Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Kobayashi, K (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Space Transportat Mission Directorate, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.2514/1.47147 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 583XA UT WOS:000276712400020 ER PT J AU Ketsdever, AD Young, MP Mossman, JB Pancotti, AP AF Ketsdever, Andrew D. Young, Marcus P. Mossman, Jason B. Pancotti, Anthony P. TI Overview of Advanced Concepts for Space Access SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC RAILGUN; PROPULSION SYSTEM; LASER PROPULSION; LAUNCH; ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; VEHICLES; GRAVITY; ROCKET; N-5(+) C1 [Ketsdever, Andrew D.; Young, Marcus P.; Mossman, Jason B.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Pancotti, Anthony P.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. FU Propulsion Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Propulsion Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors wish to thank Roy Hilton and Ingrid Wysong for their support of this effort. The authors also acknowledge the support of Kassandra Merritt on the analysis of electromagnetic systems. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 238 EP 250 DI 10.2514/1.46148 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V20UF UT WOS:000208164200002 ER PT J AU Flaherty, KW Andrews, KM Liston, GW AF Flaherty, Kevin W. Andrews, Katherine M. Liston, Glenn W. TI Operability Benefits of Airbreathing Hypersonic Propulsion for Flexible Access to Space SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion has been considered as an enhancement for access-to-space systems for decades. However, previous research using metrics such as takeoff gross weight and payload weight fraction has not shown conclusive benefits for airbreathing systems when compared with all-rocket launch vehicles. The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory has developed new operability-based metrics relevant to U.S. Air Force missions: time to rendezvous with a target spacecraft, number of launch opportunities per day, and launch-window duration. Computation of the new metrics requires launch vehicle ascent trajectory optimization, orbital transfer solutions, and Monte Carlo analysis. Ascent optimization uses propulsion throttling, aerodynamic turning, and pitch control to command downrange and crossrange at the orbital insertion point while using minimum propellant. Then the two-point boundary-value problem is solved to find a minimum-propellant transfer orbit to rendezvous with the target. Monte Carlo analysis assigns the orbital target a random starting position over the Earth and then propagates the orbit until rendezvous is accomplished and the metrics can be computed. The Air Force's Reusable Military Launch System all-rocket launch vehicle RMLS 102 is compared against Alliant Techsystems' rocket-based combined-cycle launch system ATK-RBCC. The results of the Monte Carlo analysis show that ATK-RBCC featuring airbreathing propulsion combined with a high lift-over-drag airframe exhibits significant operability benefits. The developed operability metrics could help to transform access to space by demonstrating clear payoffs from airbreathing propulsion. C1 [Flaherty, Kevin W.; Andrews, Katherine M.; Liston, Glenn W.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Prop Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Flaherty, KW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Prop Div, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.2514/1.43750 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V20UF UT WOS:000208164200006 ER PT J AU Chung, JH Consolazio, GR Dinan, RJ Rinehart, SA AF Chung, Jae H. Consolazio, Gary R. Dinan, Robert J. Rinehart, Stephen A. TI Finite-Element Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction in a Blast-Resistant Window System SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Blast loading; Finite element method; Dynamics response; Computer models; Fluid-structure interaction; Full-scale tests ID SIMULATION; ALE AB This paper describes the development of a finite-element model capable of representing a blast-resistant flexible window (flex window) system developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Airbase Technologies Division. Computational fluid-structure interaction finite-element simulations are used to develop an improved understanding of the manner in which fluid phenomena, such as air compression and flow, affect the behavior of the flex-window system under blast loading. Compressible airflow interacting with a flexible thin-shell structure of the flex window (transient air-window panel interaction phenomena) is found to significantly influence system performance. The influences of shock wave propagation and fluid venting inside the damping chamber of the flex-window system are quantified and the influences of such phenomena on panel deflections, deformations, and internal forces are presented. C1 [Chung, Jae H.; Consolazio, Gary R.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Bridge Software Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dinan, Robert J.] USAF, Engn Mech & Explos Effects Grp, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Consolazio, GR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Bridge Software Inst, POB 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM grc@cc.ufl.edu FU Research Laboratory at Tyndall/Airbase Technologies Division [BAA-TYN-03-001] FX This study was made possible by research funding provided by the Research Laboratory at Tyndall/Airbase Technologies Division (Contract No. BAA-TYN-03-001). Suggestions provided by Dr. Ian Do of Livermore Software Technology Corporation regarding analysis of fluid-structure interaction are also appreciated. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000100 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 555OR UT WOS:000274522300007 ER PT J AU McHugh, CP AF McHugh, Chad P. TI Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BRITISH HONDURAS; MEXICANA C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP McHugh, CP (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM chad.mchugh@brooks.af.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 62 IS 3 BP 508 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.034 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 573AJ UT WOS:000275880500023 PM 20159317 ER PT J AU Otto, JL Barnett, DJ Fisher, C Lipnick, R DeFraites, RF AF Otto, Jean Lin Barnett, Daniel J. Fisher, Carol Lipnick, Robert DeFraites, Robert F. TI Department of Defense Position on Patient Movement During Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic: Implications for Actions Now SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Otto, Jean Lin; Lipnick, Robert; DeFraites, Robert F.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Barnett, Daniel J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Fisher, Carol] Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Otto, JL (reprint author), Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 2900 Linden Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 3 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GT UT WOS:000276585400003 PM 20358700 ER PT J AU Wright, ST Ivan, DJ Clark, PJ Gooch, JM Thompson, W AF Wright, Steve T. Ivan, Douglas J. Clark, Patrick J. Gooch, John M. Thompson, William TI Corrective Lens Use and Refractive Error Among United States Air Force Aircrew SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SPECTACLES; ACCIDENTS; PILOTS AB Corrective lens use by military aviators is an important consideration in the design of head-mounted equipment. The United States Air Force (USAF) has periodically monitored lens use by aviators; however, it has been over a decade since the last study. We provide an update on the prevalence of corrective lenses and refractive error among USAF aircrew based on eyeglass orders processed through the Spectacle Request Transmission System (SRTS). Currently, 41% of active duty USAF pilots and 54% of other aircrew require corrective lenses to perform flight duties. Refractive errors are characterized by low to moderate levels of myopia with a mean spherical equivalent power of -1.01 diopters (D) for pilots and -1.68 D for others. Contact lenses, and more recently refractive surgery. reduce the number of aircrew that must rely on spectacles when flying, however, spectacle compatibility remains an important consideration in the cockpit. C1 [Wright, Steve T.; Ivan, Douglas J.; Clark, Patrick J.; Gooch, John M.; Thompson, William] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78234 USA. RP Wright, ST (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 3 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GT UT WOS:000276585400014 PM 20358711 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Groeber, MA Fahringer, R Simmons, JP Rosenberger, AH Woodward, C AF Tschopp, M. A. Groeber, M. A. Fahringer, R. Simmons, J. P. Rosenberger, A. H. Woodward, C. TI Automated detection and characterization of microstructural features: application to eutectic particles in single crystal Ni-based superalloys SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURE; DENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURES; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; COMPOSITES; ALLOY AB Serial sectioning methods continue to produce an abundant amount of image data for quantifying the three-dimensional nature of material microstructures. Here, we discuss a methodology to automate detecting and characterizing eutectic particles taken from serial images of a production turbine blade made of a heat-treated single crystal Ni-based superalloy (PWA 1484). This method includes two important steps for unassisted eutectic particle characterization: automatically identifying a seed point within each particle and segmenting the particle using a region growing algorithm with an automated stop point. Once detected, the segmented eutectic particles are used to calculate microstructural statistics for characterizing and reconstructing statistically representative synthetic microstructures for single crystal Ni-based superalloys. The significance of this work is its ability to automate characterization for analysing the 3D nature of eutectic particles. C1 [Groeber, M. A.; Simmons, J. P.; Rosenberger, A. H.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Fahringer, R.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mtschopp@cavs.msstate.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 AR 025014 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/2/025014 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573HC UT WOS:000275898800014 ER PT J AU Stoik, C Bohn, M Blackshire, J AF Stoik, Christopher Bohn, Matthew Blackshire, James TI Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft composites using reflective terahertz time domain spectroscopy SO NDT & E INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Terahertz; Composites; Time domain spectroscopy; Dielectric properties; Terahertz imagery AB Terahertz time domain spectroscopy in reflection configuration was assessed as a nondestructive evaluation technique for aircraft glass fiber composites. A technique for measuring the material properties of glass fiber composites using reflection geometry was demonstrated in addition to imaging of damaged glass fiber composites. Surface defects such as localized burn damage, puncture holes, and paint/composite removal were detected using amplitude and phase imaging methods. Hidden voids were also detected using the relative amplitude of the first Fabry-Perot reflection. The depths of discontinuities were then measured using a Fourier technique and then subtracting the incident pulse from the reflected pulse. Finally, nondestructive evaluation techniques for transmission and reflection configurations were compared. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stoik, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bohn, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blackshire, James] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stoik, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM christopher.stoik@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The glass fiber composite samples used in this research were provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH. This research was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 14 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-8695 J9 NDT&E INT JI NDT E Int. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ndteint.2009.09.005 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 557XI UT WOS:000274703000007 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD Seck, CM Guha, S AF Gillen, Glen D. Seck, Christopher M. Guha, Shekhar TI Analytical beam propagation model for clipped focused-Gaussian beams using vector diffraction theory SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGING ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; NONPARAXIAL PROPAGATION; CIRCULAR APERTURE; SINGLE MOLECULES; LASER-BEAMS; FIELD; SHIFTS AB TEM00 Gaussian beams passing through a spatially limiting aperture in order to investigate the propagation of these clipped focused-Gaussian beams. Beam distributions at different axial distances show that a traditional M-2 propagation model cannot be used for the propagation of clipped focus-Gaussian beams. Using Luneberg's vector diffraction theory and Fresnel approximations, an analytical model for the on-axis transverse and longitudinal electric fields and intensity distributions is presented including predictions of the maximum obtainable intensity. In addition, an analytical expression is provided for the longitudinal component of the electric field of a TEM00 mode unperturbed Gaussian beam. Experimental results are also presented and compared to the model's predictions. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Gillen, Glen D.; Seck, Christopher M.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillen, GD (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM ggillen@calpoly.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 5 BP 4023 EP 4040 DI 10.1364/OE.18.004023 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 567NO UT WOS:000275454100009 PM 20389417 ER PT J AU Stokes, AJ Duncan, BD Dierking, MP AF Stokes, Andrew J. Duncan, Bradley D. Dierking, Mathew P. TI Improving mid-frequency contrast in sparse aperture optical imaging systems based upon the Golay-9 array SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Sparse aperture imaging systems are capable of producing high resolution images while maintaining an overall light collection area that is small compared to a fully filled aperture yielding the same resolution. This is advantageous for applications where size, volume, weight and/or cost are important considerations. However, conventional sparse aperture systems pay the penalty of reduced contrast at midband spatial frequencies. This paper will focus on increasing the midband contrast of sparse aperture imaging systems based on the Golay-9 array. This is one of a family of two-dimensional arrays we have previously examined due to their compact, non-redundant autocorrelations. The modulation transfer function, or normalized autocorrelation, provides a quantitative measure of both the resolution and contrast of an optical imaging system and, along with an average relative midband contrast metric, will be used to compare perturbations to the standard Golay-9 array. Numerical calculations have been performed to investigate the behavior of a Golay-9 array into which autocorrelation redundancy has been introduced and our results have been experimentally verified. In particular we have demonstrated that by proper choice of sub-aperture diameters the average relative midband contrast can be improved by over 55%. 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stokes, Andrew J.; Dierking, Mathew P.] USAF, EO Combat ID Branch, Res Labs, AFRL RYJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duncan, Bradley D.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Stokes, AJ (reprint author), USAF, EO Combat ID Branch, Res Labs, AFRL RYJM, 3109 Hobson Way,Bldg 622, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.stokes@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-06-2-1081]; University of Dayton's Ladar; Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force through contract number FA8650-06-2-1081 and the University of Dayton's Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI). This article was jointly authored by a U.S. Government employee on a subject within the scope of the employee's official duties. The Government retains an unlimited right to reproduce and distribute this article. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect on the official policy of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 5 BP 4417 EP 4427 DI 10.1364/OE.18.004417 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 567NO UT WOS:000275454100038 PM 20389454 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Spanos, G Holtz, RL AF Goswami, R. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. Spanos, G. Holtz, R. L. TI Effects of nanoscale defects on critical current density of (Y1-xEux)Ba2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Rare-earth substitution; Superconductors; Microstructure; Transmission electron microscopy ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FIELD AB In pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films, defect introduction into the films tends to anisotropically improve the pinning along the H parallel to c direction due to the columnar growth mode of the process. In Eu-substituted samples, however, even though an increase in critical current density (J(c)) in the H parallel to c direction was observed for low fields (H = 0.2 T), the improvement was more notable for the H parallel to ab-plane at both low and higher fields. Herein we present detailed TEM microstructural studies to understand these new trends in J(c)(N), which are markedly different than flux pinning increases achieved with other methods, for example, with nanoparticle additions. Threading dislocations, observed in the Eu-substituted samples along the c-axis, account for J(c) enhancement with H parallel to c at low field. The enhanced ab-planar pinning in the Eu-substituted samples is attributed to the extensive bending of the {0 0 1} lattice planes throughout the film, and the crystal lattice defects with excess Cu-O planes, that were effective in increasing the J(c) for H parallel to ab at both low and high fields. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goswami, R.; Spanos, G.; Holtz, R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this research. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 5-6 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.01.057 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 613NX UT WOS:000278987100003 ER PT J AU Anderson, MD Perram, GP AF Anderson, Monte D. Perram, Glen P. TI Frequency tuning of the optical delay in cesium D-2 line including hyperfine structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VAPOR AB The frequency dependence of optical delays in both the wings and core of the cesium 6(2)S(1/2) - 6(2)P(3/2) transition have been observed and modeled with a Voigt line shape convolved with the six hyperfine components. Tunable delays of 0-37 ns are achieved by tuning the laser frequency through resonance at various vapor pressures of 0.15-5.28 mTorr. C1 [Anderson, Monte D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AF Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AF Base, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We thank Professor John Howell, University of Rochester, for his discussions on slow light in alkali-metal vapor. Additional thanks to Greg Pitz for his high-resolution alkali-metal spectra. This work is supported by the Joint Technology Office and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 AR 033842 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.033842 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 577ZK UT WOS:000276262500221 ER PT J AU Reshetnyak, VY Pinkevych, IP Cook, G Evans, DR Sluckin, TJ AF Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Pinkevych, I. P. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. Sluckin, T. J. TI Two-beam energy exchange in a hybrid photorefractive-flexoelectric liquid-crystal cell SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BEAM AMPLIFICATION; HIGH-GAIN; PRE-TILT; SIMULATION; LIGHT; COEFFICIENTS; DIFFRACTION; MOLECULES AB We develop a semiquantitative theory to describe the experimentally observed energy gain when two light beams intersect in hybrid organic-inorganic photorefractives. These systems consist of a nematic liquid-crystal (LC) layer placed between two photorefractive windows. A periodic space-charge field is induced by the interfering light beams in the photorefractive windows. The field penetrates into the LC, interacting with the nematic director and giving rise to a diffraction grating. LC flexoelectricity is the principal physical mechanism driving the grating structure. Each light beam diffracts from the induced grating, leading to an apparent energy gain and loss within each beam. The LC optics is described in the Bragg regime. In the theory the exponential gain coefficient is a product of a beam interference term, a flexoelectricity term and a space-charge term. The theory has been compared with results of an experimental study on hybrid cells filled with the LC mixture TL 205. Experimentally the energy gain is maximal at much lower grating wave numbers than is predicted by naive theory. However, if the director reorientation is cubic rather than linear in the space-charge field term, then good agreement between theory and experiment can be achieved using only a single fitting parameter. We provide a semiquantitative argument to justify this nonlinearity in terms of electric-field-induced local phase separation between different components of the liquid crystal. C1 [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.; Pinkevych, I. P.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sluckin, T. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Reshetnyak, VY (reprint author), Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, Volodymyrska St 64, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008; Sluckin, Tim/G-4005-2013 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814; Sluckin, Tim/0000-0002-9163-0061 FU EOARD [078001]; NATO [CBP-.NUKR.CLG.981968] FX This work was partially supported by EOARD Grant No. 078001 (V.Y.R. and I.P.P.) and by NATO Grant No. CBP-.NUKR.CLG.981968 "Electro-optics of heterogeneous liquid-crystal systems." We thank Ken Singer, Rolf Petschek, Malgosia Kaczmarek, and Giampaolo D'Alessandro. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 AR 031705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.031705 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 577CT UT WOS:000276199300069 PM 20365749 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid TI Musical emotions: Functions, origins, evolution SO PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Music; Emotions; Neural mechanisms; Mind; Language; Culture; Evolution; Knowledge instinct; Mathematical models; Cognitive dissonance ID COMPUTATIONAL MODELS; GROUNDING TRANSFER; LANGUAGE; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; COGNITION; CONSCIOUSNESS; VOCALIZATION; 2ND-LANGUAGE; RECOGNITION AB Theories of music origins and the role of musical emotions in the mind are reviewed. Most existing theories contradict each other, and cannot explain mechanisms or roles of musical emotions in workings of the mind, nor evolutionary reasons for music origins. Music seems to be an enigma. Nevertheless, a synthesis of cognitive science and mathematical models of the mind has been proposed describing a fundamental role of music in the functioning and evolution of the mind, consciousness, and cultures. The review considers ancient theories of music as well as contemporary theories advanced by leading authors in this field. It addresses one hypothesis that promises to unify the field and proposes a theory of musical origin based on a fundamental role of music in cognition and evolution of consciousness and culture. We consider a split in the vocalizations of proto-humans into two types: one less emotional and more concretely-semantic, evolving into language. and the other preserving emotional connections along with semantic ambiguity. evolving into music. The proposed hypothesis departs from other theories in considering specific mechanisms of the mind brain, which required the evolution of music parallel with the evolution of cultures and languages. Arguments are reviewed that the evolution of language toward becoming the semantically powerful tool of today required emancipation from emotional encumbrances. The opposite, no less powerful mechanisms required a compensatory evolution of music toward more differentiated and refined emotionality. The need for refined music in the process of cultural evolution is grounded in fundamental mechanisms of the mind. This is why today's human mind and cultures cannot exist without today's music. The reviewed hypothesis gives a basis for future analysis of why different evolutionary paths of languages were paralleled by different evolutionary paths of music. Approaches toward experimental verification of this hypothesis in psychological and neuroimaging research are reviewed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@seas.harvard.edu FU AFOSR [05SN02COR, 08RY02COR, 10RY01COR] FX It is my pleasure to acknowledge contribution of my colleagues and co-authors M. Aranovsky, M. Bar, L. Barsalou, M. Bonfeld, R. Brockett, M. Cabanac, A. Cangelosi, T. Chernigovskaya, E. Coutinho, R. Deming, T. Dudochkin, F. Fontanari, M. Frank-Kamenetskii, J. Gleason, A. Goldwag, M. Houser, D. Huron, R. Bin, N. Katonova, M. Karpovsky, R. Kozma, L. Leibman, D. Levine, D. Levitin, L. Levitin, R. Linnehan, T. Lyons, N. Masataka, M. Mazo, Y. Neuman, A. Ovsich, R. Parncutt, A. Patel, V. Rosenbaum, J. Sloboda, V. Smolensky, D. Sontag, W. Thompson, Y. Vinkovetsky, and B. Weijers for discussions, help, and advice. This work was supported in part by AFOSR under the Laboratory Tasks 05SN02COR PM Dr. Jon Sjogren; 08RY02COR PM Dr. Doug Cochran; 10RY01COR PM Dr. Jun Zhang. Especial acknowledgments are due to Y. Dimitrin who has inspired me to think about the role of musical emotions in human cognition, and to D. Vinkovetsky who inspires me to think profoundly. NR 112 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0645 J9 PHYS LIFE REV JI Phys. Life Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 2 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.plrev.2009.11.001 PG 26 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 582UX UT WOS:000276626400002 PM 20374916 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid TI Musical emotions, cognitive science, and art of music Reply SO PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Music; Emotions; Cognition, origin; Evolution; Knowledge instinct; Differentiation; Synthesis; Consciousness; Cultures AB Various proposals and criticisms are addressed. Particular attention is given to future developments, both theoretical and experimental. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@seas.harvard.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0645 J9 PHYS LIFE REV JI Phys. Life Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.plrev.2010.01.016 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 582UX UT WOS:000276626400013 ER PT J AU Lau, YY Luginsland, JW Cartwright, KL Simon, DH Tang, W Hoff, BW Gilgenbach, RM AF Lau, Y. Y. Luginsland, J. W. Cartwright, K. L. Simon, D. H. Tang, W. Hoff, B. W. Gilgenbach, R. M. TI A re-examination of the Buneman-Hartree condition in a cylindrical smooth-bore relativistic magnetron SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CROSSED-FIELD GAP; E-BEAM DIODES; MICROWAVE EMISSION; INSULATION; INSTABILITY; CAVITY; FLOW AB The Buneman-Hartree condition is re-examined in a cylindrical, smooth-bore, relativistic magnetron using both the conventional, single particle model, and the Brillouin flow model. These two models yield the same result for the Buneman-Hartree condition only in the limit of a planar magnetron. When b/a = 1.3, where a is the cathode radius and b (>a) is the anode radius, the difference in the two models becomes significant. When b/a = 4 the difference is acute, the Buneman-Hartree magnetic field at a given voltage in the Brillouin flow model exceeds four times that in the single particle model. Such a difference is always present, whether the voltage is relativistic or not. These results are quantified for b/a >> 1 using Davidson's model, conveniently cast in terms of the normalized gap voltage and normalized magnetic flux imposed on the cylindrical magnetron. A comparison with the University of Michigan/L-3 relativistic magnetron experiment is given. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3328804] C1 [Lau, Y. Y.; Simon, D. H.; Tang, W.; Hoff, B. W.; Gilgenbach, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Luginsland, J. W.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Cartwright, K. L.; Tang, W.; Hoff, B. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yylau@umich.edu RI Simon, David/L-8446-2016 OI Simon, David/0000-0001-8666-995X FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0086]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division; Northrop Grumman Corporation FX We wish to thank the referee, whose multiple reviews helped improve our manuscript. This work was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0086, Air Force Research Laboratory, Office of Naval Research, L-3 Communications Electron Device Division, and Northrop Grumman Corporation. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 AR 033102 DI 10.1063/1.3328804 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 577GI UT WOS:000276210100047 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Groeber, MA Fahringer, R Simmons, JP Rosenberger, AH Woodward, C AF Tschopp, M. A. Groeber, M. A. Fahringer, R. Simmons, J. P. Rosenberger, A. H. Woodward, C. TI Symmetry-based automated extraction of microstructural features: Application to dendritic cores in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nickel alloys; Image analysis; 2-D quantitative analysis; Superalloy; Microstructure ID FIB-SEM; 3D AB By exploiting the (prior) knowledge that certain microstructural features should, on average, have a certain symmetry it was possible to develop ail automated technique for Identifying their locations within a complex microstructure subsequently, this technique is applied to it single-crystal Ni-based superalloy to Identify dendrite core locations by using their Fourfold symmetry Lis viewed along the < 1 0 0 > growth direction Results of such it technique show good agreement, with time-intensive manual identification of dendrite core locations (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Tschopp, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.; Groeber, M. A.; Simmons, J. P.; Rosenberger, A. H.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRLIRX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fahringer, R.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; AFRL/RXLM; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 62 IS 6 BP 357 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.10.038 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 562RY UT WOS:000275072700009 ER PT J AU Kahler, S Jibben, P DeLuca, EE AF Kahler, S. Jibben, P. DeLuca, E. E. TI TRACE Observations of Changes in Coronal Hole Boundaries SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal holes; Magnetic fields ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD LINES; ACTIVE-REGION; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; ADJACENT REGIONS; HINODE MISSION; WIND; SUN; EVOLUTION AB Solar coronal holes (CHs) are large regions of the corona magnetically open to interplanetary space. The nearly rigid north -aEuro parts per thousand south CH boundaries (CHBs) of equatorward extensions of polar CHs are maintained while the underlying photospheric fields rotate differentially, so interchange magnetic reconnection is presumed to be occurring continually at the CHBs. The time and size scales of the required reconnection events at CHBs have not been established from previous observations with soft X-ray images. We use TRACE 195 observations on 9 December 2000 of a long-lived equatorial extension of the negative-polarity north polar CH to look for changes of a parts per thousand(3)aEuro parts per thousand 5 arcsec to > 20 arcsec at the western CHB. Brightenings and dimmings are observed on both short (a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 5 minutes) and long (a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 7 hours) time scales, but the CHB maintains its quasi-rigid location. The transient CHB changes do not appear associated with either magnetic field enhancements or the changes in those field enhancements observed in magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on SOHO. In seven hours of TRACE observations we find no examples of the energetic jets similar to those observed to occur in magnetic reconnection in polar plumes. The lack of dramatic changes in the diffuse CHB implies that gradual magnetic reconnection occurs high in the corona with large (a parts per thousand(3)aEuro parts per thousand 10A degrees) loops and/or weak coronal fields. We compare our results with recent observations of active regions at CHBs. We also discuss how the magnetic polarity symmetry surrounding quasi-rigid CHs implies an asymmetry in the interchange reconnection process and a possible asymmetry in the solar wind composition from the eastern and western CHB source regions. C1 [Kahler, S.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Jibben, P.; DeLuca, E. E.] Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kahler, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 262 IS 1 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9517-4 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 557RT UT WOS:000274688500008 ER PT J AU Ner, Y Invernale, MA Grote, JG Stuart, JA Sotzing, GA AF Ner, Yogesh Invernale, Michael A. Grote, James G. Stuart, Jeffrey A. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Facile chemical synthesis of DNA-doped PEDOT SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE Conducting polymers; DNA; Template polymerization; PEDOT; Water-dispersible ID OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; LOW-BAND-GAP; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; DEVICES; POLYACETYLENE; DERIVATIVES; NANOWIRES AB Herein we report the template polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using a biomacromolecule, DNA, as the polyelectrolyte. The resultant bio-composite material formed a stable, aqueous-dispersible system. Higher conductivities than that of conventionally prepared PEDOT-PSS without conductivity enhancing additives were observed (ca. 1.0 S/cm versus ca. 0.15 S/cm). The material was redox active in the dispersed state and in the solid state. The DNA double helix was found to undergo changes in conformation upon redox switching, resulting in controllable variance of its ability to polarize light. This non-acidic template is non-corrosive and is therefore an ideal candidate for use in device applications. The system described is potentially bioactive and biocompatible, as well, which would further extend its applicability. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Invernale, Michael A.; Stuart, Jeffrey A.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ner, Yogesh; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Stuart, Jeffrey A.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Nanobion, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, 97 N Eagleville Rd,Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0502928] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (DMR 0502928) for funding of this work. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 160 IS 5-6 BP 351 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.11.003 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 576BX UT WOS:000276119800005 ER PT J AU Tom, BA Mills, AA Wiczer, MB Crabtree, KN McCall, BJ AF Tom, Brian A. Mills, Andrew A. Wiczer, Michael B. Crabtree, Kyle N. McCall, Benjamin J. TI Communications: Development and characterization of a source of rotationally cold, enriched para-H-3(+) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELECTION-RULES; H-3(+); IONIZATION; CHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN; MOLECULE AB In an effort to develop a source of H-3(+) that is almost entirely in a single quantum state (J=K=1), we have successfully generated a plasma that is enriched to similar to 83% in para-H-3(+) at a rotational temperature of 80 K. This enrichment is a result of the nuclear spin selection rules at work in hydrogenic plasmas, which dictate that only para-H-3(+) will form from para-H-2, and that para-H-3(+) can be converted to ortho-H-3(+) by subsequent reaction with H-2. This is the first experimental study in which the H-2 and H-3(+) nuclear spin selection rules have been observed at cold temperatures. The ions were produced from a pulsed solenoid valve source, cooled by supersonic expansion, and interrogated via continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3322827] C1 [Tom, Brian A.; Mills, Andrew A.; Wiczer, Michael B.; Crabtree, Kyle N.; McCall, Benjamin J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [McCall, Benjamin J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tom, BA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM brian.tom@usafa.edu; bjmccall@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation AMO Physics [PHY-08-55633] FX We would like to thank Takeshi Oka for valuable discussions on the dynamics of the hop and exchange reactions, Dana Dlott for the loan of equipment, and Jim Wentz for his assistance in building many of the electronic devices used in this experiment. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation AMO Physics under Grant No. PHY-08-55633. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 081103 DI 10.1063/1.3322827 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 562DJ UT WOS:000275029200003 PM 20192283 ER PT J AU Li, HT Meziani, MJ Kitaygorodskiy, A Lu, FS Bunker, CE Fernando, KAS Guliants, EA Sun, YP AF Li, Heting Meziani, Mohammed J. Kitaygorodskiy, Alex Lu, Fushen Bunker, Christopher E. Fernando, K. A. Shiral Guliants, Elena A. Sun, Ya-Ping TI Preparation and Characterization of Alane Complexes for Energy Applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; TRIMETHYLAMINE ALANE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HYDRIDE; ADDUCTS; DIMETHYLETHYLAMINE; PRECURSOR; KINETICS; HYDROGEN AB Alane (AlH(3)) has attracted much recent attention for various energy related applications. Antilles are commonly used as stabilization agents in alane complexes, with N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) in particular for favorable properties. However, there have been complications in the Study of alane-NMP complexes due to the fact that the widely employed synthesis schemes Would produce a mixture of complexes in different compositions. Reported here are the preparation and quantitative characterization of two complexes AlH(3)center dot NMP and AlH(3)center dot(NMP)(2), and also AlH(2)Cl center dot(NMP)(2) as a product obtained Under slightly different reaction conditions. Results Oil the hydrogen storage capacities in and hydrogen release from these complexes are also reported and discussed. C1 [Li, Heting; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Kitaygorodskiy, Alex; Lu, Fushen; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Li, Heting; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Kitaygorodskiy, Alex; Lu, Fushen; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Meziani, MJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mmezian@clemson.edu; kkitayg@clemson.edu; christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu OI Lu, Fushen/0000-0002-3323-7181 FU Air Force Research; South Carolina Space Grant Consortium; Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films at Clemson University; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-07-1-0026] FX We thank Dr. Donald VanDerveer for technical assistance in the X-ray structural determination. Financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanoenergetics program is gratefully acknowledged. Additional Support from the South Carolina Space Grant Consortium (Y.-P.S.), the Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films at Clemson University (Y.-P.S.), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the program of Dr. Julian Tishkoff(C.E.B.), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) through the Grant #HDTRA-07-1-0026 (E.A.G.) is also acknowledged. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 7 BP 3318 EP 3322 DI 10.1021/jp911859z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 556GQ UT WOS:000274578700069 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Starks, MJ Ginet, GP Quinn, RA AF Mishin, E. V. Starks, M. J. Ginet, G. P. Quinn, R. A. TI Nonlinear VLF effects in the topside ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER-HYBRID-RESONANCE; PLASMA; WHISTLERS; WAVES; STRIATIONS; EXCITATION AB The Demeter satellite observed intense broadband lower- and upper-hybrid electrostatic waves and plasma perturbations associated with high-power whistler-mode signals from the very-low frequency (VLF) transmitter NWC. This paper shows that the Demeter observations can be explained by nonlinear interactions driven by VLF pump waves, thereby suggesting that nonlinear effects are responsible for energy losses of high-power VLF signals in the ionosphere. Citation: Mishin, E. V., M. J. Starks, G. P. Ginet, and R. A. Quinn (2010), Nonlinear VLF effects in the topside ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04101, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042010. C1 [Mishin, E. V.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Starks, M. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Ginet, G. P.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Quinn, R. A.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM evgeny.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; michael.starks@kirtland.af.mil; gregory.ginet@hanscom.af.mil; rquinn@aer.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank Michel Parrot for providing the Demeter data from orbit 06958-1. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L04101 DI 10.1029/2009GL042010 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 562FO UT WOS:000275035400003 ER PT J AU Schultz, D Blasy, B Santana, JC Young, C Petrosky, JC McClory, JW LaGraffe, D Brand, JI Tang, JK Wang, WD Schemm, N Balkir, S Bauer, M Ketsman, I Fairchild, RW Losovyj, YB Dowben, PA AF Schultz, David Blasy, Bryan Santana, Juan Colon Young, Chris Petrosky, J. C. McClory, J. W. LaGraffe, D. Brand, J. I. Tang, Jinke Wang, Wendong Schemm, N. Balkir, S. Bauer, M. Ketsman, I. Fairchild, R. W. Losovyj, Ya B. Dowben, P. A. TI The K-shell Auger electron spectrum of gadolinium obtained using neutron capture in a solid state device SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HFO2; DETECTORS; DIODE AB Highly doped or alloyed Gd(2)O(3) in HfO(2) films form heterojunction diodes with silicon. Single neutron capture events can be identified with a Hf(0.85)Gd(0.15)O(1.93) to n-type silicon heterojunction. With long pulse integration times and suppression of the smaller pulses, there is agreement between the key pulse height spectral features and those predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. The latter align very well with the decay channels of the Gd following neutron capture, particularly those involving the Gd K-shell Auger electron resonances. C1 [Schultz, David; Blasy, Bryan; Young, Chris; Petrosky, J. C.; McClory, J. W.; LaGraffe, D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Santana, Juan Colon; Ketsman, I.; Losovyj, Ya B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Brand, J. I.; Schemm, N.; Balkir, S.; Bauer, M.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Walter Scott Engn Ctr N209, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Brand, J. I.; Schemm, N.; Balkir, S.; Bauer, M.] Univ Nebraska, Coll Engn & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Tang, Jinke; Wang, Wendong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Fairchild, R. W.] Nebraska Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Losovyj, Ya B.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. RP Schultz, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008]; Department of Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of A Ignatov and discussions with K Belashchenko and Glenn F Knoll. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( Grant No HDTRA1-07-1-0008), and the Nebraska Research Initiative, and through the Department of Energy grant 'AllSolid- State Wireless Sensor Network for Nuclear Proliferation Detection,' under the Proliferation Detection Program. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 7 AR 075502 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/7/075502 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 552UD UT WOS:000274318200025 ER PT J AU Chen, L Yang, HJ Qiang, ZX Pang, HQ Sun, L Ma, ZQ Pate, R Stiff-Roberts, A Gao, SA Xu, J Brown, GJ Zhou, WD AF Chen, Li Yang, Hongjun Qiang, Zexuan Pang, Huiqing Sun, Lei Ma, Zhenqiang Pate, Ryan Stiff-Roberts, Adrienne Gao, Shuai Xu, Jian Brown, Gail J. Zhou, Weidong TI Colloidal quantum dot absorption enhancement in flexible Fano filters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE absorption coefficients; colloidal crystals; elemental semiconductors; IV-VI semiconductors; lead compounds; membranes; resonator filters; semiconductor quantum dots; silicon ID SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION AB We report here modified absorption property of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) inside flexible Fano filters-made of patterned single crystalline silicon nanomembrane transferred onto flexible plastic substrates. Enhanced optical absorption was obtained both experimentally and theoretically, when the CQD absorption peak spectrally overlaps with Fano resonance peak. On the other hand, suppressed absorption was observed when the Fano resonance has no spectral overlap with the CQD absorption bands. C1 [Chen, Li; Yang, Hongjun; Qiang, Zexuan; Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Pang, Huiqing; Sun, Lei; Ma, Zhenqiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pate, Ryan; Stiff-Roberts, Adrienne] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gao, Shuai; Xu, Jian] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brown, Gail J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wzhou@uta.edu RI Zhou, Weidong/D-1019-2009; Yang, Hongjun/C-2785-2011 FU U.S. AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0482, FA9550-08-1-0337]; AFRL [FA 8650-07-2-5061]; National Science Foundation [DMI-0625728]; University of Texas at Arlington NanoFAB Center; University of Texas Austin MRC center FX This work was supported by U.S. AFOSR Nano Programs (Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0482), AFOSR MURI program (Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0337), AFRL CONTACT program (Grant No. FA 8650-07-2-5061), and by National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMI-0625728. The authors also acknowledge the fabrication support from the University of Texas at Arlington NanoFAB Center and the University of Texas Austin MRC center, part of the NSF NNIN sites. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 8 AR 083111 DI 10.1063/1.3337095 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 562CP UT WOS:000275027200077 ER PT J AU Shi, L McManamon, PF Bryant, D Zhang, K Bos, PJ AF Shi, Lei McManamon, Paul F. Bryant, Douglas Zhang, Ke Bos, Philip J. TI Dynamics of a liquid-crystal variable optical prism based on Pancharatnam phase SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We consider the dynamics of a variable optical prism based on Pancharatnam phase. The device basics, using liquid crystals (LCs) as the electro-optical material, have been previously proposed. In this paper, we study the dynamics of discrete changes in the phase profile, and also continuous changes in the phase profile through acquired data and numerical modeling. We show that a design based on LCs whose dielectric anisotropy can change sign (as a function of frequency) allows continuous tuning with reasonable response times. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Shi, Lei; Bryant, Douglas; Zhang, Ke; Bos, Philip J.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [McManamon, Paul F.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45424 USA. RP Bos, PJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM pbos@kent.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 6 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000976 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 566RC UT WOS:000275389700006 PM 20174166 ER PT J AU Alexander, MN AF Alexander, Michael N. TI The Nature of Technology What It Is and How It Evolves SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Alexander, Michael N.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Alexander, MN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM mna41@ieee.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5968 BP 960 EP 961 DI 10.1126/science.1187156 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 556XE UT WOS:000274625800024 ER PT J AU Crossley, BL Kossler, M Coutu, RA Starman, LA Collins, PJ AF Crossley, Benjamin L. Kossler, Mauricio Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Starman, LaVern A. Collins, Peter J. TI Effects of hydrogen pretreatment on physical-vapor-deposited nickel catalyst for multi-walled carbon nanotube growth SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube growth; hydrogen plasma; physical vapor deposition ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS AB Physical vapor deposited nickel catalyst layers of 10, 50, 100, 200, 350, and 500 angstrom were granulated using hydrogen plasma for varying times to determine an effective carbon nanotube (CNT) growth process using microwave plasma enhanced CVD (MPECVD). Nickel was deposited via sputtering or evaporation. The catalyst granule size, density, and resulting CNTs were analyzed. Sputtered nickel of 50 angstrom with 5 minutes of hydrogen plasma pretreatment resulted in the most effective CNT growth. C1 [Crossley, Benjamin L.; Kossler, Mauricio; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Starman, LaVern A.; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crossley, BL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@AFIT.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD FEB 17 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 049502 DI 10.1117/1.3356218 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 606GI UT WOS:000278410200001 ER PT J AU Irwin, MD Liu, J Leever, BJ Servaites, JD Hersam, MC Durstock, MF Marks, TJ AF Irwin, Michael D. Liu, Jun Leever, Benjamin J. Servaites, Jonathan D. Hersam, Mark C. Durstock, Michael F. Marks, Tobin J. TI Consequences of Anode Interfacial Layer Deletion. HCl-Treated ITO in P3HT:PCBM-Based Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; PEDOT-PSS FILMS; SURFACE TREATMENTS; HOLE-INJECTION; INDIUM OXIDE; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE AB In studies to simplify the fabrication of bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, it was found that when glass/tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates are treated with dilute aqueous HCl solutions, followed by UV ozone(UVO), and then used to fabricate devices of the structure glass/ITO/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al, device performance is greatly enhanced. Light-to-power conversion efficiency (Eff) increases from 2.4% for control devices in which the ITO surface is treated only with UVO to 3.8% with the HCl + UVO treatment-effectively matching the performance of an identical device having a PEDOT:PSS anode interfacial layer. The enhancement originates from increases in V(OC) from 463 to 554 mV and FF from 49% to 66%. The modified-ITO device also exhibits a 4x enhancement in thermal stability versus an identical device containing a PEDOT:PSS anode interfacial layer. To understand the origins of these effects, the ITO surface is analyzed as a function of treatment by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy work function measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic composition analysis, and atomic force microscopic topography and conductivity imaging. Additionally, a diode-based device model is employed to further understand the effects of ITO Surface treatment on device performance. C1 [Irwin, Michael D.; Liu, Jun; Leever, Benjamin J.; Hersam, Mark C.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Irwin, Michael D.; Liu, Jun; Leever, Benjamin J.; Hersam, Mark C.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Servaites, Jonathan D.; Hersam, Mark C.; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marks, TJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM t-marks@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Liu, Jun/A-1806-2011; Irwin, Michael/C-2613-2011 FU BP Solar; AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46320]; Army Research Office [ARO W911NF-05-1-0177]; NSF [ECS-0609064]; NSF-MRSEC program through the Northwestern Materials Research Center [DMR-0520513] FX We thank BP Solar, the AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, the DOE (DE-FG02-06ER46320), the Army Research Office (ARO W911NF-05-1-0177), and the NSF (ECS-0609064) for support of this research. We thank the NSF-MRSEC program through the Northwestern Materials Research Center (DMR-0520513) for support of characterization facilities. We thank Dr. D. B. Buchholz For many useful discussions. NR 80 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 16 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 2584 EP 2591 DI 10.1021/la902879h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 553CK UT WOS:000274342200060 PM 20014804 ER PT J AU Gao, PZ Rebrov, EV Verhoeven, TMWGM Schouten, JC Kleismit, R Kozlowski, G Cetnar, J Turgut, Z Subramanyam, G AF Gao, Pengzhao Rebrov, Evgeny V. Verhoeven, Tiny M. W. G. M. Schouten, Jaap C. Kleismit, Richard Kozlowski, Gregory Cetnar, John Turgut, Zafer Subramanyam, Guru TI Structural investigations and magnetic properties of sol-gel Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 thin films for microwave heating SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; calcination; coercive force; dielectric thin films; grain size; magnetic thin films; microwave heating; nickel compounds; permittivity; remanence; scanning electron microscopy; sol-gel processing; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectra; zinc compounds ID NICKEL-ZINC FERRITES; CITRATE PRECURSOR METHOD; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; NIZN-FERRITE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; LASER-ABLATION; PARTICLES; POWDERS; NANOPARTICLES; PERMITTIVITY AB Nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 thin films have been synthesized with various grain sizes by a sol-gel method on polycrystalline silicon substrates. The morphology, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of the films calcined in the 673-1073 K range were studied with x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and evanescent microwave microscopy. All films were uniform without microcracks. Increasing the calcination temperature from 873 to 1073 K and time from 1 to 3 h resulted in an increase of the grain size from 12 to 27 nm. The saturation and remnant magnetization increased with increasing the grain size, while the coercivity demonstrated a maximum near a critical grain size of 21 nm due to the transition from monodomain to multidomain behavior. The complex permittivity of the Ni-Zn ferrite films was measured in the frequency range of 2-15 GHz. The heating behavior was studied in a multimode microwave cavity at 2.4 GHz. The highest microwave heating rate in the temperature range of 315-355 K was observed in the film close to the critical grain size. C1 [Gao, Pengzhao; Rebrov, Evgeny V.; Verhoeven, Tiny M. W. G. M.; Schouten, Jaap C.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Kleismit, Richard; Kozlowski, Gregory; Cetnar, John] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Turgut, Zafer] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rebrov, Evgeny V.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rebrov, EV (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM e.rebrov@tue.nl RI Rebrov, Evgeny/A-2699-2009; Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 OI Rebrov, Evgeny/0000-0001-6056-9520; NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 AR 044317 DI 10.1063/1.3309767 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 562DG UT WOS:000275028900089 ER PT J AU Vlahos, V Morgan, D LaCour, M Golby, K Shiffler, D Booske, JH AF Vlahos, Vasilios Morgan, Dane LaCour, Matthew Golby, Ken Shiffler, Don Booske, John H. TI Surface chemical analysis and ab initio investigations of CsI coated C fiber cathodes for high power microwave sources SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; caesium compounds; carbon fibres; electron field emission; secondary electron emission; surface states; work function ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; GAS AB CsI coated C fiber cathodes are promising electron emitters utilized in field emission applications. Ab initio calculations, in conjunction with experimental investigations on CsI-spray coated C fiber cathodes, were performed in order to better understand the origin of the low turn-on E-field obtained, as compared to uncoated C fibers. One possible mechanism for lowering the turn-on E-field is surface dipole layers reducing the work function. Ab initio modeling revealed that surface monolayers of Cs, CsI, Cs(2)O, and CsO are all capable of producing low work function C fiber cathodes (1 eV = 24 hours contained viable nH1N1 virus Of 29 samples obtained 7 days from illness onset, seven (24%) contained valuable nH1N1 Virus Conclusions: In the nH1N1 outbreak under study, the number of cases peaked 48 hours after a social event and rapidly declined thereafter Almost one quarter of samples obtained 7 days from illness onset contained viable nH1N1 virus. These data may be useful for future investigations and ill scenario planning (Am J Prev Med 2010,38(2).121-126) Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Witkop, Catherine Takacs; Knight, Kenneth K.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Duffy, Mark R.; Macias, Elizabeth A.; Gibbons, Thomas F.; Escobar, James D.; Burwell, Kristen N.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med Epidemiol Consult Serv, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Witkop, CT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, 10 AMDS-SGPF,2355 Fac Dr,Room 2N286, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 9 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 554EZ UT WOS:000274419600001 PM 19850440 ER PT J AU Dalton, MAJSR Gerami, P Kolaitis, NA Charzan, S Werling, R LeBoit, PE Bastian, BC AF Dalton, M. A. J. Scott R. Gerami, Pedram Kolaitis, Nicholas A. Charzan, Susan Werling, Rob LeBoit, Philip E. Bastian, Boris C. TI Use of Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Distinguish Intranodal Nevus From Metastatic Melanoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metastatic melanoma; nodal nevus; sentinel lymph node; FISH; fluorescence in-situ hybridization; chromosomal aberrations ID SENTINEL LYMPH-NODES; CUTANEOUS MELANOMAS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; NODAL NEVI; INVOLVEMENT AB With the increase in sentinel lymph node biopsies in melanoma patients, pathologists are frequently confronted with small deposits of morphologically bland melanocytes in the node, which occasionally cannot be readily classified as benign nodal nevi or melanoma. As most melanomas harbor characteristic chromosomal aberrations which can be used to distinguish them from benign nevi, we used fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with markers for 3 regions on chromosome 6 and I on chromosome I I to determine the presence of chromosomal aberrations in sentinel lymph node specimens with small foci of melanocytes that had been diagnosed as metastatic melanoma or nodal nevi by histopathology. Fifty-nine tissue samples from 41 patients (24 lymph node metastases, 17 with nodal nevi, and IS of the available corresponding primary melanomas) were analyzed by FISH. Twenty of 24 (83%) cases diagnosed as metastatic melanoma showed aberrations by FISH. Of the 4 negative cases, 3 were unequivocal melanoma metastases, whereas 1 on re-review was histopathologically equivocal. Of the 17 nodal nevi, 1 (6%) also showed aberrations by FISH, whereas the remainder was negative. Multiple aberrations were present in the positive case, some of which were also found in the corresponding primary tumor, suggesting that this case represents a deceptively bland melanoma metastasis that had been misclassified by histomorphology. Our data indicate that FISH is a useful adjunct tool to traditional methods in the diagnostic workup of deposits of melanocytes in lymph nodes that are histopathologically ambiguous. C1 [Charzan, Susan; LeBoit, Philip E.; Bastian, Boris C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Kolaitis, Nicholas A.; LeBoit, Philip E.; Bastian, Boris C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Dalton, M. A. J. Scott R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Gerami, Pedram] Northwestern Univ, Dept Dermatol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Lurie Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Werling, Rob] Univ Minnesota, Dept Dermatol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bastian, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM bastian@cc.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA131524, R01 CA131524-01A1] NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 551OV UT WOS:000274219800011 PM 20087158 ER PT J AU Webber, CM England, RW AF Webber, Christopher M. England, Ronald W. TI Oral allergy syndrome: a clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenge SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; SKIN PRICK TEST; BIRCH-POLLEN; FOOD ALLERGY; APPLE ALLERGY; RECOMBINANT ALLERGENS; DOUBLE-BLIND; IMMUNOTHERAPY; IGE; POLLINOSIS AB Objectives: To provide a review of the literature and discuss the clinical, pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges of oral allergy syndrome (OAS). Data Sources: English-language publications on OAS (and pollen-food allergy syndrome) were identified through MEDLINE and through the reference lists of each identified article and review. Study Selection: Articles pertaining to OAS with respect to its varied clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, available and investigational diagnostic testing, and evidence-based treatment options were selected. Results: OAS occurs in patients with a prior cross-reactive aeroallergen sensitization and clinically presents with initial oralpharyngeal symptoms after ingestion of a triggering fruit or vegetable. Although controversial, these symptoms may progress to systemic symptoms outside the gastrointestinal tract in 8.7% of patients and anaphylactic shock in 1.7%. OAS's underlying pathophysiology may play a role in clinical presentation and outcome, depending on whether the cross-reactive protein is a heat-labile PR-10 protein, a partially labile profilin, or a relatively heat-stable lipid transfer protein. Diagnostic testing is variable based on the underlying food tested, but fresh food skin prick test typically has the highest sensitivity. Treatment centers on avoidance and the consideration of self-injectable epinephrine. Because of its relationship with a cross-reactive aeroallergen sensitization, subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy have also been therapeutically tried with mixed results. Conclusion: OAS is a challenging diagnosis to the practicing allergist because of its many clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Understanding these challenges and their underlying mechanisms can facilitate a knowledgeable approach to treating an oral allergy patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 104: 101-108. C1 [Webber, Christopher M.; England, Ronald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Webber, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM Christopher.M.Webber@gmail.com FU GlaxoSmithKline FX This educational activity is supported by an educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline NR 49 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 104 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.007 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701OF UT WOS:000285828400002 PM 20306812 ER PT J AU Moore, M Tucker, M Grier, T Quinn, J AF Moore, Meredith Tucker, Mark Grier, Tom Quinn, James TI Effects of summer mailing on in vivo and in vitro relative potencies of standardized timothy grass extract SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRACTICE PARAMETER; ALLERGEN EXTRACTS; POLLEN ALLERGENS; RAGWEED POLLEN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; STABILITY; PRESERVATIVES; STORAGE AB Background: Allergen extracts can degrade when exposed to temperatures significantly beyond the optimum storage recommendation of 4 C. Many allergen extracts are mailed to their final destinations throughout the year with exposure to varied environmental conditions. Objective: To evaluate the effect of summer mailing on the in vitro and in vivo potency of timothy grass extract. Methods: Standardized timothy grass extracts, 10,000 and 100,000 BAU/mL, were mailed round-trip between San Antonio, Texas, and Phoenix, Arizona, during August 2007. In-transit temperatures were recorded using a portable temperature logger. After mailing of the extracts, we performed quantitative in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition and in vivo ID50EAL (Intradermal Dilution for 50-mm Sum of Erythema Determines Bioequivalent Allergy Units) analysis. Results: Measured extract exposure temperatures were greater than 20 degrees C for 11 days and 30 degrees C for 6 hours during standard mailing in weather temperatures exceeding 38 degrees C. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition results for the 100,000-and 10,000-BAU/mL control samples were 97,900 and 10,580 BAU/mL, respectively, and for the mailed extracts were 96,800 and 7,830 BAU/mL, respectively. These measurements fell within the current Food and Drug Administration lot release limits (67%-149%) and stability limits (50%-200%) relative to the standardized reference. The ID(50)EAL determinations of the control vs mailed extracts were 12.98 vs 12.28, 12.66 vs 12.32, and 11.97 vs 11.70 for the 3 patients. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Mailing of timothy grass extract produced no significant reductions in in vitro relative potencies or in vivo skin test reactivity in 3 sensitive patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 104: 147-151. C1 [Moore, Meredith; Quinn, James] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Allergy Immunol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Tucker, Mark] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Grier, Tom] Greer Labs, Lenoir, NC USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Allergy Immunol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 59 MDOS SGO5A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM meredith.moore@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 104 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.037 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701OF UT WOS:000285828400008 PM 20306818 ER PT J AU La Shell, MS Otto, HF Whisman, BA Waibel, KH White, AA Calabria, CW AF La Shell, Mark S. Otto, Hans F. Whisman, Bonnie A. Waibel, Kirk H. White, Andrew A. Calabria, Christopher W. TI ALLERGY TO PUMPKIN AND CROSS-REACTIVITY TO POLLENS AND OTHER FOODS SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [La Shell, Mark S.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Otto, Hans F.; Whisman, Bonnie A.; Calabria, Christopher W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Waibel, Kirk H.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [White, Andrew A.] Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP La Shell, MS (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. EM marklashell@gmail.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 104 IS 2 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.048 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701OF UT WOS:000285828400012 PM 20306822 ER PT J AU McGuirk, JS Collins, PJ Havrilla, MJ Wood, AW AF McGuirk, Jeffrey S. Collins, Peter J. Havrilla, Michael J. Wood, Aihua W. TI A Green's Function Approach to Calculate Scattering Width for Cylindrical Cloaks SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic cloaks; Finite Element Method (FEM); COMSOL Multiphysics Package; Green's functions ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CLOAKING; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS AB The anisotropic material properties of cylindrical cloaks can be simulated using thin, concentric layers of homogeneous, isotropic material. A Green's function for a line current in the presence of a layered PEC cylinder can be used to calculate the scattering width from a cloaked PEC cylinder with a significant improvement in computational efficiency compared to solutions obtained using the finite element method. C1 [McGuirk, Jeffrey S.; Collins, Peter J.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McGuirk, JS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.mcguirk@afit.edu; peter.collins@afit.edu; michael.havrilla@afit.edu; aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 108 EP 116 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 592XQ UT WOS:000277415600002 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Lee, JJ Currin, KM Northridge, JM Perlov, D AF Zelmon, David E. Lee, Julie J. Currin, Kelly M. Northridge, Jessica M. Perlov, Dan TI Revisiting the optical properties of Nd doped yttrium orthovanadate SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER; ND-LUVO4; CRYSTALS; ND-YVO4; GROWTH AB Neodymium doped YVO4 is becoming an increasingly popular material for solid state lasers. Among the advantages of vanadates over more traditional materials are that the absorption cross section at 808 nm is significantly larger, the emission cross sections are higher, leading to lower lasing thresholds, and the bandwidth for pump absorption is higher. We report new measurements of the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient of this material that will aid in the design of laser cavities and other nonlinear optical elements. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Zelmon, David E.; Lee, Julie J.; Currin, Kelly M.; Northridge, Jessica M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Perlov, Dan] Coherent Crystal Associates, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 644 EP 647 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000644 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 554OF UT WOS:000274443600013 PM 20119012 ER PT J AU Serres, JL Phillips, CA Reynolds, DB Mohler, SR Rogers, DB Repperger, DW Gerschutz, MJ AF Serres, Jennifer L. Phillips, Chandler A. Reynolds, David B. Mohler, Stanley R. Rogers, Dana B. Repperger, Daniel W. Gerschutz, Maria J. TI Pneumatic Muscle Actuator for Resistive Exercise in Microgravity: Test with a Leg Model SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace exercise; microgravity resistive training; rehabilitation; biomimetic actuator AB SERRES JL, PHILLIPS CA, REYNOLDS DB, MOHLER SR, ROGERS DB, REPPERGER DW, GERSCHUTZ MJ. Pneumatic muscle actuator for resistive exercise in microgravity: test with a leg model. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:144-8. Introduction: A proof-of-concept demonstration is described in which a DC servomotor (simulating the quadriceps of a human operator) rotated a pulley 90 degrees (simulating knee extension). A pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) generated an opposing force (antagonist) to the rotating pulley. One application of such a device is for use in microgravity environments because the PMA is compact, simple, and of relatively small mass (283 g). In addition, the operator can set a computer-controlled force-level range in response to individual user changes in exercise conditioning over time. Methods: A PMA was used in this study and interacted with a DC servomotor. For each trial, the PMA contracted in response to internal pressure. An input voltage profile activated the DC servomotor, resulting in the following three phases: an isokinetic counterclockwise pulley rotation of 90 degrees over 5 s (Phase 1), the position was held for 5 s (Phase 11), and an isokinetic clockwise rotation of 90 degrees over 5 s (Phase 111). Root mean square error (RMSE) values were used to evaluate the pulley rotation. Results: For Phase 1, when the PMA pressures (in kPa) were 300, 450, and 575, the percent RMSE, respectively, were 5.24, 6.23, and 4.59. For Phase 11, the percent RMSE were 2.81, 2.57, and 5.63, respectively. For Phase 111, the percent RMSE were 5.69, 2.63, and 3.30, respectively. Discussion: This study presents a demonstration of a PMA device that can enhance exercise by providing a wide range of resistive loads. C1 [Phillips, Chandler A.; Reynolds, David B.; Mohler, Stanley R.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Serres, Jennifer L.] Syst Land & Armaments, Fairfield, OH USA. [Rogers, Dana B.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Gerschutz, Maria J.] Ohio Willow Wood, Mt Sterling, OH USA. RP Serres, JL (reprint author), 3058 Sandywood Dr, Kettering, OH 45440 USA. EM serres.3@wright.edu FU NSF [DGE-0504438]; IGERT FX Research was funded in part by NSF grant no. DGE-0504438; IGERT. An Interdisciplinary Initiative on Technology-based Learning with Disability.; Authors and affiliations: Jennifer L. Serres, Ph.D., M.S., BAE Systems Land & Armaments, Fairfield, OH; Chandler A. Phillips, M.D., B.S., David B. Reynolds, Ph.D., M.S., and Stanley R. Mohler, M.D., M.A., Professor Emeritus, Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Dana B. Rogers, Ph.D., M.S., University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; Daniel W. Repperger, Ph.D., M.S., Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH; and Maria J. Gerschutz, Ph.D., M.S., Ohio Willow Wood, Mt. Sterling, OH. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2486.2010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 549QE UT WOS:000274067900011 PM 20131658 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Shih, YCT Xu, Y Giordano, SH Smith, BD Perkins, GH Tereffe, W Woodward, WA Buchholz, TA AF Smith, Grace L. Shih, Ya-Chen T. Xu, Ying Giordano, Sharon H. Smith, Benjamin D. Perkins, George H. Tereffe, Welela Woodward, Wendy A. Buchholz, Thomas A. TI Racial Disparities in the Use of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery A National Medicare Study SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; Medicare; radiotherapy; race; disparities ID CARCINOMA-IN-SITU; 20-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; RADIATION-THERAPY; OLDER WOMEN; CANCER PATIENTS; CLAIMS DATA; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; INSURANCE STATUS; LOCAL THERAPY AB BACKGROUND: In prior studies, the use of standard breast cancer treatments has varied by race, but previous analyses were not nationally representative. Therefore, in a comprehensive, national cohort of Medicare patients, racial disparities in the use of radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive breast cancer were quantified. METHODS: A national Medicare database was used to identify all beneficiaries (age >65 years) treated with BCS for incident invasive breast cancer in 2003. Claims codes identified RT use, and Medicare demographic data indicated race. Logistic regression modeled RT use in white, black, and other-race patients, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic covariates. RESULTS: Of 34,080 women, 91% were white, 6% were black, and 3% were another race. The mean age of the patients was 76 +/- 7 years. Approximately 74% of whites, 65% of blacks, and 66% of other-race patients received RT (P < .001). After covariate adjustment, whites were found to be significantly more likely to receive RT than blacks (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-1.63 [P < .001]). Disparities between white and black patients varied by geographic region, with blacks in areas of the northeastern and southern United States demonstrating the lowest rates of RT use (57% in these regions). In patients age <70 years, racial disparities persisted. Specifically, 83% of whites, 73% of blacks, and 78% of other races in this younger group received RT (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this comprehensive national sample of older breast cancer patients, substantial racial disparities were identified in RT use after BCS across much of the United States. Efforts to improve breast cancer care require overcoming these disparities, which exist on a national scale. Cancer 2010;116:734-41. (C) 2009 American Cancer Society. C1 [Smith, Grace L.; Smith, Benjamin D.; Perkins, George H.; Tereffe, Welela; Woodward, Wendy A.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shih, Ya-Chen T.; Xu, Ying] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Sect Hlth Serv Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Giordano, Sharon H.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Cincol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Buchholz, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 97, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbuchhol@mdanderson.org OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Postdoctoral Award; University of Texas M. D FX Supported by the Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Postdoctoral Award; and the Odyssey Program and Theodore N. Law Endowment for Scientific Achievement at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (G.L.S.). NR 45 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 3 BP 734 EP 741 DI 10.1002/cncr.24741 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 550YA UT WOS:000274169200021 PM 20014181 ER PT J AU Xu, BH Yang, YB Jiang, ZP Repperger, DW AF Xu, Bohou Yang, Yibing Jiang, Zhong-Ping Repperger, Daniel W. TI A New Approach to Degraded Image Processing Based on Two-Dimensional Parameter-Induced Stochastic Resonance SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Image de-noising; Stochastic resonance; Nonlinear system ID SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NOISE; DETECTORS; SIGNALS; TRANSMISSION AB A modified two-dimensional parameter-induced stochastic resonance (2D-PSR) system is proposed. Both theoretical and simulation results indicate that the 2D-PSR system performs a resonant-like behavior when system parameters are properly adjusted. When applied to degraded image processing, 2D-PSR technique is proved to be able to attain higher SNR gain than traditional linear filters. Due to its strong robustness to environmental changes, adaptability, and complementarities with other methods, the proposed 2D-PSR technique turns out to be promising in the field of image processing. C1 [Xu, Bohou; Yang, Yibing] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Fluid Power Transmiss & Control, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Zhong-Ping] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, BH (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Fluid Power Transmiss & Control, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10772161, 10932009]; AFOSR FX This work has been supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10772161, No. 10932009) and in part by AFOSR. When we were preparing for the manuscript of this paper, Dr. Repperger passed away due to heart attack. We feel sorrowful for losing such a nice collaborator and friend. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 159 EP 174 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 617BE UT WOS:000279255000003 ER PT J AU Waller, SG AF Waller, Stephen G. TI Skepticism and Science SO CORNEA LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Waller, SG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 550HR UT WOS:000274119400028 PM 20023580 ER PT J AU Anechiarico, F AF Anechiarico, Frank TI Protecting integrity at the local level: the role of anticorruption and public management networks SO CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article AB This article argues that anti-corruption agencies at the local-level have been successful in a way that can be evaluated and emulated. A related contention is that corruption control is most effective when the central public integrity agency is part of both a local anticorruption network and a local public management network. Quite reasonably, the international anti-corruption project has focused most time and energy on advocating and assessing efforts made to ensure public integrity at the national level. Baseline studies by scholars and supra-national integrity nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) identify the form of corruption control (if any) adopted by the central government. Key considerations in assessing the status of national anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) are the ones mentioned in the introduction to this special issue: political independence, scope of authority, investigatory powers, position in the national legal/political network, durability, and use of effectiveness measures. Similar taxonomies are deployed by OLAF, Transparency International, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and by scholars on corruption control. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anechiarico, F (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM fanechia@hamilton.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4994 J9 CRIME LAW SOCIAL CH JI Crime Law Soc. Change PD FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 SI SI BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10611-009-9216-y PG 17 WC Criminology & Penology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Criminology & Penology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 548GX UT WOS:000273949400006 ER PT J AU Roy, AK Farmer, BL Sihn, S Varshney, V Patnaik, S Ganguli, S AF Roy, A. K. Farmer, B. L. Sihn, S. Varshney, V. Patnaik, S. Ganguli, S. TI Thermal interface tailoring in composite materials SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on New Diamond and Nano Carbons (NDNC 2009) CY JUN 07-11, 2009 CL Traverse City, MI DE Thermal materials; Thermal interface; Multiscale modeling; Composite materials; Bonded joints ID CARBON; MANAGEMENT AB The thermal transport in heterogeneous materials systems, such as in composites, is essentially controlled by the phonon scattering phenomena at the materials interface due to the interface materials property mismatch. Such phenomena are also prevalent in joints or component interfaces. The thermal property mismatch at the materials interface, in the molecular scale, is primarily dictated by the phonon density of state across the interface. In this paper, the interface materials configuration for tailoring the thermal properties of composite materials with nano constituents is presented. The materials modeling using both the finite element analysis (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is performed to identify the effect of materials constituent scale as well as the nano constituent surface functionalization on the interface thermal transport phenomena. It is observed that the effect of surface functionalization towards establishing covalent bonding between the nano constituent surface the matrix (such as polymers) is extremely important in enhancing the interface thermal conductance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roy, A. K.; Farmer, B. L.; Sihn, S.; Varshney, V.; Patnaik, S.; Ganguli, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sihn, S.; Ganguli, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Varshney, V.; Patnaik, S.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBT 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2009.10.024 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 563BX UT WOS:000275101800038 ER PT J AU Baishev, DG Barkova, ES Stepanov, AE Rich, F Yumoto, K AF Baishev, D. G. Barkova, E. S. Stepanov, A. E. Rich, F. Yumoto, K. TI Electric fields and large-scale undulations in the evening sector of the diffuse auroral zone SO GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY; EDGE AB The synchronous observations of strong electric fields and large-scale undulations observed on December 12, 2004, in the evening sector of the diffuse auroral zone 0900-1000 UT (similar to 1700-1800 MLT) have been analyzed. The appearance of strong northward electric field at similar to 0900 UT was almost simultaneously registered at Tixie Bay ionospheric station (71.6A degrees N, 128.9A degrees E, L =, 5.6) and on the DMSP F15 satellite. At 0910-1000 UT, the all-sky TV camera at Tixie Bay and the DMSP satellites (F13, F14, and F15) registered eight undulations propagating westward at a velocity of 0.7-0.8 km/s. The undulation parameters registered during the TV observations agree with the satellite measurements. The distinctive feature of the analyzed event consists in that an intense electric field and undulations were localized within the diffuse zone in the region of increased precipitation of keV electrons. A comparison of the ground-based and satellite measurements made it possible to draw the conclusion on the necessary conditions for formation of diffuse undulations. C1 [Baishev, D. G.; Barkova, E. S.; Stepanov, A. E.] Russian Acad Sci, Yu G Shafer Inst Cosmophys Res & Aeron, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk 677980, Russia. [Rich, F.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Yumoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Baishev, DG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Yu G Shafer Inst Cosmophys Res & Aeron, Siberian Branch, Pr Lenina 31, Yakutsk 677980, Russia. EM baishev@ikfia.ysn.ru RI Baishev, Dmitry/D-3018-2013; OI Baishev, Dmitry/0000-0002-0229-5792 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [. 09-05-98501- r_ vostok_ a]; INTAS [1000013-8823]; Russian Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 09-05-98501- r_ vostok_ a) and partially by INTAS (grant 06-1000013-8823) and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Program 16, part 3). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0016-7932 J9 GEOMAGN AERONOMY+ JI Geomagn. Aeron. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1134/S0016793210010056 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 563CL UT WOS:000275103800005 ER PT J AU McIntire, JP Havig, PR Watamaniuk, SNJ Gilkey, RH AF McIntire, John P. Havig, Paul R. Watamaniuk, Scott N. J. Gilkey, Robert H. TI Visual Search Performance With 3-D Auditory Cues: Effects of Motion, Target Location, and Practice SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL PLANE; FIELD; DISPLAY AB Objectives: We evaluate visual search performance in both static (nonmoving) and dynamic (moving) search environments with and without spatial (3-D) auditory cues to target location. Additionally, the effects of target trajectory, target location, and practice are assessed. Background: Previous research on aurally aided visual search has shown a significant reduction in response times when 3-D auditory cues are displayed, relative to unaided search. However, the vast majority of this research has examined only searches for static targets in static visual environments. The present experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dynamic stimuli upon aurally aided visual search performance. Method: The 8 participants conducted repeated searches for a single visual target hidden among 15 distracting stimuli. The four main conditions of the experiment consisted of the four possible combinations of 3-D auditory cues (present or absent) and search environment (static or dynamic). Results: The auditory cues were comparably effective at reducing search times in dynamic environments (-25%) as in static environments (-22%). Audio cues helped all participants. The cues were most beneficial when the target appeared at large eccentricities and on the horizontal plane. After a brief initial exposure to 3-D audio, no training or practice effects with 3-D audio were found. Conclusion: We conclude that 3-D audio is as beneficial in environments comprising moving stimuli as in those comprising static stimuli. Application: Operators in dynamic environments, such as aircraft cockpits, ground vehicles, and command-and-control centers, could benefit greatly from 3-D auditory technology when searching their environments for visual targets or other time-critical information. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Watamaniuk, Scott N. J.; Gilkey, Robert H.] Wright State Univ, Human Factors & Ind Org Psychol Program, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcintire@wpafb.af.mil FU Department of Psychology at Wright State University; Consortium Research Fellows Program; the 711th Human Performance Wing FX We would like to thank the Department of Psychology at Wright State University, the Consortium Research Fellows Program, and fellow researchers at the 711th Human Performance Wing for their support and participation. Thanks particularly to Brian Simpson and Billy Swayne at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for their assistance regarding the 3-D audio technology and audiometric testing. Thanks also to Eric Heft and David Voris for programming the experiment and to several anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, critiques, and suggestions. This work was adapted from the primary author's master's thesis research while at Wright State University from 2005 to 2007 as an AFRL Consortium Research Fellow; see McIntire (2007). Portions of this research have been presented previously (see McIntire, Havig, Watamaniuk, & Gilkey, 2008). Please note that the two senior authors of this article are U.S. government employees and created the article within the scope of their employment. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the content of the article is in the public domain. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1177/0018720810368806 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 617MF UT WOS:000279284200004 ER PT J AU Carry, B Dumas, C Kaasalainen, M Berthier, J Merline, WJ Erard, S Conrad, A Drummond, JD Hestroffer, D Fulchignoni, M Fusco, T AF Carry, Benoit Dumas, Christophe Kaasalainen, Mikko Berthier, Jerome Merline, William J. Erard, Stephane Conrad, Al Drummond, Jack D. Hestroffer, Daniel Fulchignoni, Marcello Fusco, Thierry TI Physical properties of (2) Pallas SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Adaptive optics; Infrared observations; Asteroids, Surfaces; Occultations ID ASTEROID LIGHTCURVE INVERSION; TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOID DIMENSIONS; ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; MAIN-BELT; 1 CERES; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; 253 MATHILDE; SHAPE; SIZE; IMAGES AB Ground-based high angular-resolution images of asteroid (2) Pallas at near-infrared wavelengths have been used to determine its physical properties (shape, dimensions, spatial orientation and albedo distribution). We acquired and analyzed adaptive optics (AO) J/H/K-band observations from Keck II and the Very Large Telescope taken during four Pallas oppositions between 2003 and 2007, with spatial resolution spanning 32-88 km (image scales 13-20 km/pixel). We improve our determination of the size, shape, and pole by a novel method that combines our AO data with 51 visual light-curves spanning 34 years of observations as well as archived occultation data. The shape model of Pallas derived here reproduces well both the projected shape of Pallas on the sky (average deviation of edge profile of 0.4 pixel) and light-curve behavior (average deviation of 0.019 mag) at all the epochs considered. We resolved the pole ambiguity and found the spin-vector coordinates to be within 5 degrees of [longitude, latitude] = [30 degrees, -16 degrees] in the Ecliptic J2000.0 reference frame, indicating a high obliquity of about 841, leading to high seasonal contrast. The best triaxial-ellipsoid fit returns ellipsoidal radii of a = 275 km, b = 258 km, and c = 238 km. From the mass of Pallas determined by gravitational perturbation on other minor bodies (1.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) M(circle dot), [Michalak, G., 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 360, 363-374], we derive a density of 3.4 +/- 0.9 g cm(-3) Significantly different from the density of C-type (1) Ceres of 2.2 +/- 0.1 g cm(-3) [Carry, B., Dumas, C., Fulchignoni, M., Merline, W.J., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., Fusco, T., Tamblyn, P., 2008. Astron. Astrophys. 478 (4), 235-244]. Considering the spectral similarities of Pallas and Ceres at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, this may point to fundamental differences in the interior composition or structure of these two bodies. We define a planetocentric longitude system for Pallas, following IAU guidelines. We also present the first albedo maps of Pallas covering similar to 80% of the surface in K-band. These maps reveal features with diameters in the 70-180 km range and an albedo contrast of about 6% with respect to the mean surface albedo. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carry, Benoit; Dumas, Christophe] ESO, Santiago, Chile. [Carry, Benoit; Erard, Stephane; Fulchignoni, Marcello] Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Kaasalainen, Mikko] Univ Helsinki, Dept Math & Stat, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Berthier, Jerome; Hestroffer, Daniel] Observ Paris, CNRS, IMCCE, F-75014 Paris, France. [Merline, William J.] So Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Conrad, Al] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Drummond, Jack D.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fusco, Thierry] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-92320 Chatillon, France. RP Carry, B (reprint author), ESO, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile. EM benoit.carry@obspm.fr RI Kaasalainen, Mikko/G-4236-2014 FU NASA; NSF; Academy of Finland FX We would like to thank Franck Marchis (SETI Institute) for the flat-field frames he provided for our August 2006 observations. Thanks to Team Keck for their support and Keck Director Dr. Armandroff for the use of NIRC2 data obtained on 2007 July 12 technical time. Partial support for this work was provided by NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program (PIS Dumas and Merline), NASA's OPR Program (PI Merline) and NSF's Planetary Astronomy Program (PI Merline). M.K. was supported by the Academy of Finland (project: New mathematical methods in planetary and galactic research). Thanks to Bill Bottke (SwRI), Anne Lemaltre (University Notre-Dame de la Paix) and Ricardo Gil-Hutton (San Juan University) for discussions on Pallas. Thanks also to Francesca Demeo (Observatoire de Paris) for her careful reading of this article and the correction to the English grammar. Thanks to both anonymous referees who provided constructive comments on this article. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 460 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.007 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400010 ER PT J AU Kannan, R Wei, SQ Chakravarthy, V Rangaswamy, M AF Kannan, Rajgopal Wei, Shuangqing Chakravarthy, Vasu Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Approximation Algorithms for Minimum Energy Transmission Scheduling in Rate and Duty-Cycle Constrained Wireless Networks SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE Approximation algorithms; duty cycle constraints; interference channels; Minimum Energy Scheduling Problem (MESP); wireless networks ID POWER-CONTROL; SENSOR NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMS AB We consider a constrained energy optimization called Minimum Energy Scheduling Problem (MESP) for a wireless network of N users transmitting over M time slots, where the constraints arise because of interference between wireless nodes that limits their transmission rates along with load and duty-cycle (ON-OFF) restrictions. Since traditional optimization methods using Lagrange multipliers do not work well and are computationally expensive given the nonconvex constraints, we consider approximation schemes for finding the optimal (minimum energy) transmission schedule by discretizing power levels over the interference channel. First, we show the toughness of approximating MESP for an arbitrary number of users N even with a fixed. For any r > 0, we demonstrate that there does not exist any (r, r)-bicriteria approximation for this MESP, unless P = NP. Conversely, we show that there exist good approximations for MESP with given N users transmitting over an arbitrary number of M time slots by developing fully polynomial (1, 1 + epsilon) approximation schemes (FPAS). For any epsilon > 0, we develop an algorithm for computing the optimal number of discrete power levels per time slot (O(1/epsilon)), and use this to design a (1, 1 + epsilon)-FPAS that consumes no more energy than the optimal while violating each rate constraint by at most a 1 + epsilon-factor. For wireless networks with low-cost transmitters, where nodes are restricted to transmitting at a fixed power over active time slots, we develop a two-factor approximation for finding the optimal fixed transmission power value P(opt) that results in the minimum energy schedule. C1 [Kannan, Rajgopal] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wei, Shuangqing] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kannan, R (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rkannan@bit.csc.lsu.edu; swei@ece.lsu.edu FU NSF-ITR [IIS-0312632]; AFRL FX This work was supported in part by NSF-ITR under IIS-0312632 and AFRL. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6692 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1109/TNET.2009.2026900 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 558HR UT WOS:000274732400023 ER PT J AU Brower, RW Ewing, RL Brower, AJ AF Brower, Ronald W. Ewing, Robert L. Brower, Andrew J. TI Modeling Protein-Based 3-D Memory in SPICE SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Engineering ( SPICE) has been used successfully for many years to aid semiconductor circuit design. SPICE represents circuits as networks of basic devices with interacting parameters ( current, voltage, ete.), and then models these interactions as systems of partial differential equations. Biological systems are roughly similar, consisting of networks of interacting biochemical cycles whose resulting chemical concentrations can also be modeled by partial differential equations. In the present, we use SPICE to model an optically-accessed, protein-based, 3-D memory. Modeling the protein's photochemical effects in SPICE allows us to include, within the same model, the supporting electronics and optics needed to properly cycle the memory and interface it to the outside world. C1 [Brower, Ronald W.; Ewing, Robert L.; Brower, Andrew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brower, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 577VM UT WOS:000276252100003 ER PT J AU Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Miller, V Crespo, A Roussos, J Trejo, M Walker, DE Via, GD Jessen, GH Wasserbauer, J Faili, F Babic, DI Francis, D Ejeckam, F AF Chabak, Kelson D. Gillespie, James K. Miller, Virginia Crespo, Antonio Roussos, Jason Trejo, Manuel Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Via, Glen D. Jessen, Gregg H. Wasserbauer, John Faili, Firooz Babic, Dubravko I. Francis, Daniel Ejeckam, Felix TI Full-Wafer Characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Free-Standing CVD Diamond Substrates SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond substrate; GaN-on-diamond; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) ID AMPLIFIERS; GANHEMTS; DEVICES AB We report on electrical characterization and uniformity measurements of the first conventionally processed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on free-standing chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond substrate wafers. DC and RF device performance is reported on HEMTs fabricated on similar to 130-mu m-thick and 30-mm round CVD diamond substrates without mechanical carrying wafers. A measured f(T) . L(G) product of 12.5 GHz . mu m is the best reported data for all GaN-on-diamond technology. X-band power performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on diamond is reported to be 2.08 W/mm and 44.1% power added efficiency. This letter demonstrates the potential for GaN HEMTs to be fabricated on CVD diamond substrates utilizing contact lithography process techniques. Further optimization of the epitaxy and diamond substrate attachment process could provide for improvements in thermal spreading while preserving the electrical properties. C1 [Chabak, Kelson D.; Gillespie, James K.; Miller, Virginia; Crespo, Antonio; Trejo, Manuel; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Via, Glen D.; Jessen, Gregg H.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roussos, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Walker, Dennis E., Jr.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wasserbauer, John; Faili, Firooz; Babic, Dubravko I.; Francis, Daniel; Ejeckam, Felix] Grp 4 Labs LLC, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. RP Chabak, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kelson.chabak@us.af.mil; james.gillespie@wpafb.af.mil; virginia.miller@wpafb.af.mil; antonio.crespo@wpafb.af.mil; roussos@nrl.navy.mil; manuel.trejo@wpafb.af.mil; dennis.walker@wpafb.af.mil; glen.via@wpafb.af.mil; gregg.jessen@aoard.af.mil; john_wasserbauer@group4labs.com; firooz_faili@group4labs.com; dubravko_babic@group4labs.com; daniel_francis@group4labs.com; felix_ejeckam@group4labs.com NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1109/LED.2009.2036574 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 549BY UT WOS:000274018000003 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Hill, CJ Nguyen, J Simolon, B Woolaway, J Wang, SC Li, WP LeVan, PD Tidrow, MZ AF Gunapala, Sarath D. Bandara, Sumith V. Liu, John K. Mumolo, Jason M. Ting, David Z. Hill, Cory J. Nguyen, Jean Simolon, Brian Woolaway, James Wang, Samuel C. Li, Weiping LeVan, Paul D. Tidrow, Meimei Z. TI Demonstration of Megapixel Dual-Band QWIP Focal Plane Array SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Infrared detectors; infrared imaging; quantum well devices ID WELL INFRARED DETECTORS; CAMERA; PHOTODETECTORS; MIDWAVELENGTH AB Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) are well known for their stability, high pixel-pixel uniformity and high pixel operability which are quintessential parameters for large area imaging arrays. In this paper we report the first demonstration of the megapixel-simultaneously-readable and pixel-co-registered dual-band QWIP focal plane array (FPA). The dual-band QWIP device was developed by stacking two multi-quantum-well stacks tuned to absorb two different infrared wavelengths. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the midwave infrared (MWIR) band extends from 4.4-5.1 mu m and FWHM of the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band extends from 7.8-8.8 mu m. Dual-band QWIP detector arrays were hybridized with direct injection 30 mu m pixel pitch megapixel dual-band simultaneously readable CMOS read out integrated circuits using the indium bump hybridization technique. The initial dual-band megapixel QWIP FPAs were cooled to 68 K operating temperature. The preliminary data taken from the first megapixel QWIP FPA has shown system NE Delta T of 27 and 40 mK for MWIR and LWIR bands, respectively. C1 [Gunapala, Sarath D.; Bandara, Sumith V.; Liu, John K.; Mumolo, Jason M.; Ting, David Z.; Hill, Cory J.; Nguyen, Jean] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Simolon, Brian; Woolaway, James] FLIR Syst Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Wang, Samuel C.; Li, Weiping] GCS Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. [LeVan, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Tidrow, Meimei Z.] Missile Def Agcy AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Air Force and Missile Defense Agency; Missile Defense Agency; Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received January 14, 2009; revised March 20, 2009. Current version published January 22, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Air Force and Missile Defense Agency. The research described in this paper was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the Missile Defense Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1109/JQE.2009.2024550 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 550RC UT WOS:000274145100002 ER PT J AU Li, J Blum, RS Stoica, P Haimovich, AM Wicks, MC AF Li, Jian Blum, Rick S. Stoica, Petre Haimovich, Alexander M. Wicks, Michael C. TI Introduction to the Issue on MIMO Radar and Its Applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Li, Jian] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Blum, Rick S.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Stoica, Petre] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Haimovich, Alexander M.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM li@dsp.ufl.edu; rblum@eecs.lehigh.edu; ps@it.uu.se; haimovich@njit.edu; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2010.2040416 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 546BX UT WOS:000273784200002 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, DR Browning, JP Rangaswamy, M AF Fuhrmann, Daniel R. Browning, J. Paul Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Signaling Strategies for the Hybrid MIMO Phased-Array Radar SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ambiguity function; beam pattern synthesis; constant modulus waveforms; multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) radar; orthogonal signals; phased array radar; radar signal processing ID DESIGN; DIVERSITY; ANTENNAS AB The Hybrid MIMO Phased Array Radar (HMPAR) is a notional concept for a multisensor radar architecture that combines elements of traditional phased-array radar with the emerging technology of multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) radar. A HMPAR comprises a large number, MP, of T/R elements, organized into M subarrays of P elements each. Within each subarray, passive element-level phase shifting is used to steer transmit and receive beams in some desired fashion. Each of the M subarrays are in turn driven by independently amplified phase-coded signals which could be quasi-orthogonal, phase-coherent, or partially correlated. Such a radar system could be used in an airborne platform for concurrent search, detect, and track missions. This paper considers various signaling strategies which could be employed in the notional HMPAR architecture to achieve various objectives quantified by transmit beam-patterns and space-time ambiguity functions. First, we propose a method to generate multiple correlated signals for uniform linear and rectangular arrays that achieve arbitrary rectangular transmit beampatterns in one and two dimensions, while maintaining desirable temporal properties. Examples of the range of transmit beampatterns possible with this technique are illustrated for an array of MP = 900 elements, arranged using different values of M and P. Then the space-time, or MIMO, ambiguity function that is appropriate for the HMPAR radar system is derived. Examples of ambiguity functions for our signals using a one-dimensional HMPAR architecture are given, demonstrating that one can achieve phased-array-like resolution on receive, for arbitrary transmit beampatterns. C1 [Fuhrmann, Daniel R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Browning, J. Paul; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuhrmann, DR (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM fuhrmann@mtu.edu; muralidhar.ran-gaswamy@hanscom.af.mil RI Furumoto, Jun-ichi/E-8676-2013 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received February 03, 2009; revised August 09, 2009. Current version published January 20, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the auspices of the 2008 ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Portions of this work were presented at the 2009 IEEE DSP Workshop, the 4th International Conference on Waveform Diversity and Design, and the 2009 IEEE Radar Conference. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Jian Li. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 EI 1941-0484 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2009.2038968 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 546BX UT WOS:000273784200008 ER PT J AU Schindler, JK AF Schindler, John K. TI Sparse, Active Aperture Imaging SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Coarrays; imaging radar; maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar; sparse arrays ID MIMO RADAR; WIRELESS NETWORKS; RADIO CAMERA; BANDWIDTH; ANTENNAS; SIGNALS; ARRAYS AB We describe an approach to radar imaging of an isolated, rotating target using coherent, sparse, or highly thinned arrays of transmit/receive elements. The array elements are assumed to be randomly positioned and accurately surveyed after placement. Further, the isolated target is assumed to occupy a limited angular sector such that there is no source of backscatter beyond the sector occupied by the target. Estimates of the resolution and image quality are provided when the array elements are widely separated and operate with coherent, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signaling and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) processing at each MIMO element pair. The sparse array operation can provide superior resolution when compared to the ISAR processing and accurate estimation of scattering properties with a modest number of sparse array elements. The performance of a model-based estimator to physical optics like scattering with MIMO signaling is described. Several important issues relating to feasibility remain to be investigated. These include establishing coherence and timing among the widely separated array elements, adaptive beamforming and processing requirements and coherence of the scattering phenomena with the widely separated MIMO elements. C1 [Schindler, John K.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Schindler, John K.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Schindler, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM j.schindler@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received February 03, 2009; revised July 08, 2009. Current version published January 20, 2010. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Alexander Haimovich. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2009.2038981 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 546BX UT WOS:000273784200017 ER PT J AU Sengupta, S Chatterjee, M Kwiat, KA AF Sengupta, Shamik Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin A. TI A Game Theoretic Framework for Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Wireless sensor network; game theory; distributed power control; energy efficiency ID AD-HOC NETWORKS AB In infrastructure-less sensor networks, efficient usage of energy is very critical because of the limited energy available to the sensor nodes. Among various phenomena that consume energy, radio communication is by far the most demanding one. One of the effective ways to limit unnecessary energy loss is to control the power at which the nodes transmit signals. In this paper, we apply game theory to solve the power control problem in a CDMA-based distributed sensor network. We formulate a noncooperative game under incomplete information and study the existence of Nash equilibrium. With the help of this equilibrium, we devise a distributed algorithm for optimal power control and prove that the system is power stable only if the nodes comply with certain transmit power thresholds. We show that even in a noncooperative scenario, it is in the best interest of the nodes to comply with these thresholds. The power level at which a node should transmit, to maximize its utility, is evaluated. Moreover, we compare the utilities when the nodes are allowed to transmit with discrete and continuous power levels; the performance with discrete levels is upper bounded by the continuous case. We define a distortion metric that gives a quantitative measure of the goodness of having finite power levels and also find those levels that minimize the distortion. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves the best possible payoff/utility for the sensor nodes even by consuming less power. C1 [Sengupta, Shamik] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Math & Comp Sci, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sengupta, S (reprint author), CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Math & Comp Sci, New York, NY 10019 USA. EM ssengupta@jjay.cuny.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; Kevin.Kwiat@rl.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0023] FX This research was sponsored by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the federal grant no. FA9550-07-1-0023. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1109/TC.2009.82 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 535QX UT WOS:000272986800007 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Arthur, DW Todor, DA Buchholz, TA Haffty, BG Hahn, CA Hardenbergh, PH Julian, TB Marks, LB Vicini, FA Whelan, TJ White, J Wo, JY Harris, JR AF Smith, Benjamin D. Arthur, Douglas W. Todor, Dorin A. Buchholz, Thomas A. Haffty, Bruce G. Hahn, Carol A. Hardenbergh, Patricia H. Julian, Thomas B. Marks, Lawrence B. Vicini, Frank A. Whelan, Timothy J. White, Julia Wo, Jennifer Y. Harris, Jay R. TI CONSENSUS STATEMENT: APBI FROM ASTRO (INT J RADIA T ONCOL BIOL PHYS 2009;74:987-1001) Reply SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Arthur, Douglas W.; Todor, Dorin A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Radiat Oncol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Haffty, Bruce G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Hahn, Carol A.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC USA. [Hardenbergh, Patricia H.] Shaw Reg Canc Ctr, Vail, CO USA. [Julian, Thomas B.] Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Human Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Marks, Lawrence B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Vicini, Frank A.] William Beaumont Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Royal Oak, MI USA. [Whelan, Timothy J.] Juravinski Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [White, Julia] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Radiat Oncol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Wo, Jennifer Y.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Radiat Oncol Residency Program, Boston, MA USA. [Harris, Jay R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Whelan, Timothy/D-3185-2017; OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 76 IS 2 BP 638 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.013 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 550IM UT WOS:000274121500046 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE AF Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Nanocomposite Materials-Leading the Way in Novel Materials Design SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Spowart, Jonathan E.] USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD FEB PY 2010 VL 62 IS 2 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 551LO UT WOS:000274211000009 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JJ England, RW AF Dietrich, J. J. England, R. W. TI Collateral Allergy: If You Don't Ask, They Won't Tell SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Dietrich, J. J.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. [England, R. W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB30 EP AB30 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100118 ER PT J AU Nesselroad, TD Parker, A Calabria, C AF Nesselroad, T. D. Parker, A. Calabria, C. TI Systemic Reactions to Skin Prick Testing are Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Systemic Reactions to Subcutaneous Immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Nesselroad, T. D.; Calabria, C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Parker, A.] Andrews AFB, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB37 EP AB37 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100145 ER PT J AU Sacha, JJ Reyes, E AF Sacha, J. J. Reyes, E. TI Mean Wheal Size and Concentration at Positive as Risk Factors for Systemic Reaction with Imported Fire Ant Whole Body Extract Immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Sacha, J. J.; Reyes, E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB29 EP AB29 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100113 ER PT J AU Neuffer, MC Panday, V Reilly, C AF Neuffer, Marcus C. Panday, Vasudha Reilly, Charles TI Intrastromal corneal ring segments for post-LASIK ectasia complicated by persistent pain SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID TERM-FOLLOW-UP; INTACS AB A 33-year-old man who was 2 years post laser in situ keratomileusis was found to have corneal ectasia. He was intolerant of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses and eventually chose to have placement of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) (Intacs) in the right eye. Two ICRS were implanted without complication, and postoperative examination showed improved visual acuity and decreased corneal elevation on scanning-slit tomography imaging. However, over the following 2 months, he complained of persistent pain in the right eye. Confocal microscopy showed a corneal nerve touching the superonasal ICRS. The ICRS was removed, and shortly thereafter the patient's pain resolved. C1 [Neuffer, Marcus C.; Panday, Vasudha; Reilly, Charles] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Neuffer, MC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM mcn04@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 336 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.07.053 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 592VY UT WOS:000277410900025 PM 20152618 ER PT J AU Molina, SM Joshi, KG AF Molina, Shanna M. Joshi, Kaustubh G. TI A Case of Zaleplon-Induced Amnestic Sleep-Related Eating Disorder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter C1 [Joshi, Kaustubh G.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Consultat Liaison Serv, Psychiat Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM shanna.molina@gmail.com NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA SN 0160-6689 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PD FEB PY 2010 VL 71 IS 2 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.4088/JCP.09l05364bro PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 558RF UT WOS:000274762100014 PM 20193650 ER PT J AU Lubarsky, E Reichel, JR Zinn, BT McAmis, R AF Lubarsky, Eugene Reichel, Jonathan R. Zinn, Ben T. McAmis, Rob TI Spray in Crossflow: Dependence on Weber Number SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ROUND LIQUID JETS; BREAKUP AB This paper describes an experimental investigation of the spray created by Jet A fuel injection from a plate containing sharp edged orifice 0.018 in. (457 mu m) in diameter and L/D ratio of 10 into the crossflow of preheated air (555 K) at elevated pressure in the test section (4 atm ) and liquid to air momentum flux ratio of 40. A two component phase Doppler particle analyzer was used for measuring the characteristics of the spray. The Weber number of the spray in crossflow was varied between 33 and 2020 and the effect of Weber number on spray properties was investigated. It was seen that the shear breakup mechanism dominates at Weber number greater than about 300. Droplets' diameters were found to be in the range of 15-30 mu m for higher values of Weber numbers, while larger droplets (100-200 mu m) were observed at Weber number of 33. Larger droplets were observed at the periphery of the spray. The droplet velocities and diameters were measured in a plane 30 mm downstream of the orifice along the centerline of the spray at an incoming airflow Mach number of 0.2. The droplets reach a maximum of 90% of the flow velocity at this location. The velocity of the droplets in the directions perpendicular to the airflow direction is higher at the periphery of the spray possibly due to the presence of larger droplets there. The rms values of the droplet velocities are highest slightly off the centerline of the spray due to the presence of vortices and shear layers around the liquid jet. The data presented here improve the understanding of spray formation processes, and provide benchmark data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code validation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2904892] C1 [Lubarsky, Eugene; Reichel, Jonathan R.; Zinn, Ben T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McAmis, Rob] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Lubarsky, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM eugene.lubarsky@aerospace.gatech.edu; jreichel3@mail.gatech.edu; ben.zinn@ae.gatech.edu FU Arnold Engineering and Development Center FX The authors thank the Arnold Engineering and Development Center for their financial support, which made this study possible. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2010 VL 132 IS 2 AR 021501 DI 10.1115/1.2904892 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 518CN UT WOS:000271667900001 ER PT J AU Doyle, D Zagrai, A Arritt, B Cakan, H AF Doyle, Derek Zagrai, Andrei Arritt, Brandon Cakan, Hakan TI Damage Detection in Bolted Space Structures SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASME Smart Materials, Adaptive Structurres and Intelligent Systems Symposium on Structural Health Monitoring CY OCT 28-30, 2008 CL Ellicott City, MD SP ASME DE space structures; structural health monitoring; nonlinear elastic waves; embedded ultrasonics; acoustoelasticity; magneto-mechanical impedance; bolted joints AB To overcome the current limitations of satellite operation timelines, responsive space satellites are being developed for rapid configuration and assembly. Time spent for assembly, integrating, and verifying a satellite ready for launch and on-orbit operations must be reduced to less than a week. Structural health monitoring is seen as a possible avenue for real-time assessment of satellite integrity and qualification before launch. Embedded ultrasonics and magneto-mechanical impedance (MMI) are considered as potential candidates for diagnostics of critical system elements. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors in conjunction with acousto-elastic SHM methods are used for assessing aerospace structures with bolted joints. In the present analysis, the acousto-elastic behavior of the joint is used as an indicator of structural integrity. Experimental data show changes in the acoustic signal phase as a result of differing bolt torques. Localization potential of the acousto-elastic technique is demonstrated in a complex structure analogous to a typical satellite panel. The MMI method has shown utility in assessing the condition of bolted joints in complex satellite structures. Experimental data reveal changes in position of impedance peaks induced by the difference in structural loads applied to the joint. Repeatability of the MMI measurements is evaluated and spectral energy representation suitable for automation of MMI diagnostics is suggested. It is advocated that both the acousto-elastic and MMI methods have indicated possibilities for detecting and characterizing damage in satellite bolted joints. C1 [Doyle, Derek; Zagrai, Andrei; Cakan, Hakan] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Doyle, D (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM ddoyle@nmt.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1177/1045389X09354785 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 563XA UT WOS:000275169300005 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Meng, J Pan, E Albrecht, JD AF Liu, X. J. Meng, J. Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. TI Effects of electron correlation and spin-orbit coupling on the electronic and magnetic properties of TbCu3Mn4O12 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Three magnetic-sublattice perovskite; Electronic correlation and spin-orbit coupling effect; Electronic correlation effect; Spin-orbit coupling effect ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; CACU3MN4O12 AB Electronic and magnetic properties of the three magnetic-sublattice double perovskite TbCu3Mn4O12 (TCMO) are investigated by performing first-principles density-functional theory calculations. Our electronic structure calculations show that TCMO is half-metallic and its half-metallicity can only be correctly described when the electron correlation on Tb3+ 4f(8) electrons are considered. The energies of different magnetic configurations among the three magnetic sublattices are also calculated, revealing that the magnetic configuration with Mn and Cu spins in the antiparallel arrangement and with the Tb magnetic moments ferromagnetically/antiferromagnetically (FM/AFM) coupled to Cu/Mn spins (that is Tb down arrow(Cu3Mn4O12)-Mn-down arrow-O-up arrow) is the lowest energetic magnetic state, which is consistent with recent experimental results. The magnetic anisotropy is further calculated for the [111], [110], and [001] spin quantization directions. It is found that the [111]-direction is more stable than the [110]- and[001]-directions by 123 and 135 meV per formula unit, respectively, indicating a significant magnetic anisotropy. Our detailed projected partial density of states analysis finally shows that Cu and Mn are antiferromagnetically coupled by superexchange interaction and Tb is expected to interact FM with A-site Cu and AFM with B-site Mn sublattices by way of 4f-2p-3d. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Coll Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Liu, X. J.; Meng, J.] Acad Sinica, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, State Key Lab Rare Earth Resources Utilizat, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Coll Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM jmeng@ciac.jl.cn; pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20831004, 20671088, 20601026]; AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0317] FX This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grants no. 20831004, 20671088, and 20601026, and by AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0317. The authors would like to thank the reviewer for his/her constructive comments NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 322 IS 4 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.09.073 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 519NA UT WOS:000271772200011 ER PT J AU Markovsky, PE Semiatin, SL AF Markovsky, P. E. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial-purity titanium after rapid (induction) heat treatment SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Commercial-purity titanium; Local rapid (induction) heat treatment; Microstructure; Residual stresses; Mechanical properties; Fatigue ID ALLOYS; FATIGUE; BETA; TRANSFORMATION; TI AB Microstructure changes in commercial-purity titanium (CP-Ti) during local rapid (induction) heat treatment (LRHT) and their influence on tensile and fatigue properties were investigated. it was found that some regimes of LRHT increase the tensile strength by similar to 40 MPa and the fatigue limit by similar to 1.5 times. It was concluded that the improvement in mechanical properties is associated with the formation of substructure, martensite, and residual stresses during LRHT. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Markovsky, P. E.] GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Markovsky, PE (reprint author), GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. EM pmark@imp.kiev.ua RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFOSR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD) FX The present work Was Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the AFOSR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD) within the framework of STCU partner project P-246.; The authors Would like to thank Dr. O.P. Karasevska for the help in X-ray investigations and interpretation of data obtained. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 210 IS 3 BP 518 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.10.015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 552FQ UT WOS:000274274200015 ER PT J AU Fair, GE Hay, RS Boakye, EE Morgan, PED Marzke, RF Sharma, R AF Fair, Geoff E. Hay, Randall S. Boakye, Emmanuel E. Morgan, Peter E. D. Marzke, Robert F. Sharma, Ramesh TI Precipitation Coating of Monazite on Woven Ceramic Fibers: III-Coating without Strength Degradation Using a Phytic Acid Precursor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COATED-FIBER; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; OXIDE COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; GLASSES; ENVIRONMENTS; INTERFACES AB Multiple coatings of La-monazite (LaPO(4)) were applied to Nextel (TM) 610 and 720 oxide fibers using a heterogeneous nucleation and growth coating process with phytic acid solution precursors. The as-processed coatings were found to be largely amorphous. Coated fibers were heat treated at 1200 degrees C for 1-2 h, whereupon the coatings crystallized to porous LaPO(4) with thin (50-100 nm) layers of AlPO(4) at the fiber-coating interface. Heat-treated fibers exhibited full strength retention, in marked contrast to fibers coated by precipitation using citric acid precursors as in a previous work. The microstructural evolution of the amorphous coatings was studied as a function of temperature. AlPO(4) forms at the fiber-coating interface between 700 degrees and 800 degrees C, before high-temperature outgassing of the coating as measured by TGA. NMR spectroscopy was used to study as-precipitated powders and as-processed coatings to gain insights into the structural nature of the materials. A possible explanation for the retention of fiber strength through the coating process is proposed and discussed in light of the experimental evidence. C1 [Fair, Geoff E.; Hay, Randall S.] USAF, Res Lab, Ceram Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Boakye, Emmanuel E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Marzke, Robert F.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sharma, Ramesh] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ceram Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoff.fair@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 420 EP 428 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03406.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 551AH UT WOS:000274176500024 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Romick, BG Rubal, BJ AF McGlasson, D. L. Romick, B. G. Rubal, B. J. TI Comparison of a Chromogenic Factor X Assay With International Normalized Ratio for Monitoring Oral Anticoagulation Therapy SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGlasson, D. L.; Romick, B. G.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rubal, B. J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 255 EP 255 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 550AJ UT WOS:000274097500045 ER PT J AU Jones, WT Pratt, J Connaughton, J Nichols, S Layton, B DuBose, J AF Jones, W. Tracey Pratt, Jerry Connaughton, James Nichols, Shawnn Layton, Brian DuBose, Joseph TI Management of a nontraumatic extracranial internal carotid aneurysm with external carotid transposition SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY TRANSPOSITION; BLUNT TRAUMA; REPAIR; PATHOLOGY; INJURIES; STENOSIS AB Primary aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery, are exceptionally rare, with only, a very few reports in the medical literature that are not related to known connective tissue disease or antecedent trauma. The natural history of these entities has not been precisely defined. Nevertheless, the embolic risk that all aneurysm at this location represents mandates prompt intervention when identified. We present the case of a 42-year-old female who was found to have a 3-cm aneurysm of the right extracranial internal carotid artery after seeing a physician for refractory headaches. In all austere environment with limited resources, this patient was successfully managed with the use of external carotid transposition to the distal internal carotid artery, cephalad to the aneurysm. (J Vasc Surg 2010;51:465-7.) RP Jones, WT (reprint author), 59th MDW SSS, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Wilmer.jones@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.07.107 PG 3 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 556PG UT WOS:000274602800026 PM 19782514 ER PT J AU Ross, HM Yeh, MM Wu, TT Makhlouf, HR Daniel, HH Vivekanandan, P Kannangai, R Torbenson, M AF Ross, H. M. Yeh, M. M. Wu, T. T. Makhlouf, H. R. Daniel, H. H. Vivekanandan, P. Kannangai, R. Torbenson, M. TI Fibrolamellar Carcinomas Are Positive for CD68 SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 20-26, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP US & Canadian Acac Pathol C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 90 SU 1 MA 1648 BP 370A EP 370A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 553AR UT WOS:000274337301663 ER PT J AU Boyce, LA Zaccaro, SJ Wisecarver, MZ AF Boyce, Lisa A. Zaccaro, Stephen J. Wisecarver, Michelle Zazanis TI Propensity for self-development of leadership attributes: Understanding, predicting, and supporting performance of leader self-development SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Review DE Leadership development; Professional self-development; Motivation and skills; Organizational support ID GOAL ORIENTATION; TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS; ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CAREER MOTIVATION; LEARNING OUTCOMES; FEEDBACK-SEEKING; JOB INVOLVEMENT; MODEL; EFFICACY AB Little systematic research has been reported to advance understanding of the characteristics associated with individuals who initiate self-development activities to grow leadership skills The purpose of the present research was to examine cognitive. dispositional, and motivational precursors to the propensity to engage in leadership self-development. A second purpose was to examine the role of organizational support on the relationships between self-development propensity and reported self-development activities Over 400 junior-military, leaders participated in a three-stage Survey administration designed to test a structural model of leader self-development. Results indicate that a person having individual characteristics related to mastery. work, and career-growth orientations displayed more motivation to perform leader self-development and more skilled at performing instructional and self-regulatory processes. Higher-self-development motivation and skill resulted in greater reported self-development activities Surprisingly, organzitional support reduced the magnitude of this relationship This study concludes with implications for future research on and practice of leader self-development activities Published by Elsevier Inc C1 [Boyce, Lisa A.; Zaccaro, Stephen J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wisecarver, Michelle Zazanis] USA, Res Inst, Arlington, VA USA. RP Boyce, LA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Inst Informat Technol Applicat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 132 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 159 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.012 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 554LW UT WOS:000274437500012 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Fagin, PN Betten, JF Zane, AP Ghosh, AK Sargent, GA AF Semiatin, S. L. Fagin, P. N. Betten, J. F. Zane, A. P. Ghosh, A. K. Sargent, G. A. TI Plastic Flow and Microstructure Evolution during Low-Temperature Superplasticity of Ultrafine Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Material SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOT-WORKING; ENHANCED SUPERPLASTICITY; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; GLOBULARIZATION; STRENGTH; KINETICS AB The low-temperature superplastic (SP) flow behavior of two lots of Ti-6Al-4V sheet, each with an ultrafine microstructure, was established by performing tension tests at temperatures of 775 A degrees C and 815 A degrees C and true strain rates of 10(-4) and 10(-3) s(-1). The as-received microstructures of the two materials comprised either equiaxed or slightly elongated alpha particles in a beta matrix. The material with equiaxed alpha particles exhibited flow hardening, which was correlated with concurrent (dynamic) coarsening. The rate of dynamic coarsening was rationalized in terms of static coarsening measurements and the enhancement of kinetics due to pipe diffusion. By contrast, the material with initially elongated alpha particles exhibited comparable flow hardening at the lower strain rate but a complex, near-steady-state behavior at the higher strain rate. These latter observations were explained on the basis of the evolution of the alpha particle shape and size during straining; dynamic coarsening or dynamic spheroidization was concluded to be most important at the lower and higher strain rates, respectively. The plastic flow behavior was interpreted in the context of a long-wavelength flow localization analysis. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fagin, P. N.; Sargent, G. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Betten, J. F.] Cent State Univ, Dept Mfg Engn, Wilberforce, OH 45384 USA. [Zane, A. P.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ghosh, A. K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force [FA8650-04-D-5235] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Processing Group of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. J. Fuller, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. One of the authors (GAS) was supported under Air Force Contract No. FA8650-04-D-5235. Technical discussions with P.N. Comley and D.G. Sanders (Boeing Company, Seattle, WA), who supplied the material, and Professor C.S. Lee (Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea) are also greatly appreciated. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 41A IS 2 BP 499 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0131-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 539GT UT WOS:000273242700022 ER PT J AU Kels, CG Lucey, BP AF Kels, Charles G. Lucey, Brendan P. TI Seizures and Driving Restrictions: The Unique Perspective of Military Practitioners SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPILEPSY C1 [Kels, Charles G.; Lucey, Brendan P.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, USAF Neurol, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. RP Kels, CG (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, USAF Neurol, 4700 N Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. OI Lucey, Brendan/0000-0001-5400-825X NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GO UT WOS:000276584900007 PM 20180476 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Bray, RM Hartzell, MC AF Brown, Janice M. Bray, Robert M. Hartzell, Michael C. TI A Comparison of Alcohol Use and Related Problems Among Women and Men in the Military SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE USE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PERSONNEL; DRINKING; CONSUMPTION; HEALTH; TRENDS AB Using data from the 2002 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors, we examined levels of drinking and alcohol-related problems (dependence symptoms, driving alter drinking, productivity loss, serious consequences) for enlisted men and women and male and female officers. Findings showed that men were more likely than women to be heavy Or binge drinkers and to experience alcohol-related problems. Similarly, enlisted men and women were more likely than male and female officers to be heavy or binge drinkers. Driving after drinking was more common among men than women and more common among officers than enlisted personnel. Officers had lower rates of dependence symptoms and other serious consequences than enlisted personnel. Despite men's heavier drinking, women showed equal or higher rates of dependence symptoms and productivity loss and appeared to be at risk for alcohol problems at lower levels of consumption. C1 [Brown, Janice M.; Bray, Robert M.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hartzell, Michael C.] USAF, HQ AFSOC, SG, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Department of the Army [DAMD 17-00-2-0057] FX The authors wish to thank Jason Williams for his assistance with the logistic analyses. Data analysis and manuscript preparation were funded by cooperative agreement DAMD 17-00-2-0057 from the Department of the Army. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GO UT WOS:000276584900010 PM 20180479 ER PT J AU Bunch, AW Shiroma, CY AF Bunch, Ann W. Shiroma, Calvin Y. TI The Search for, Recovery, and Positive Identification of a Vietnam-Era US Army Soldier SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In Quang Nam Province, then South Vietnam, on August 26, 1971, a convoy of United States Army armored patrol cars was returning to base at the end of the day. A rocket-propelled grenade struck one of the vehicles, and subsequently five of the soldiers were killed in action (KIA) while one was missing in action (MIA). After-action reports from eyewitnesses to the event described the MIA soldier as "vaporized" and his remains as "completely destroyed" since he had been seated on boxes of claymore mines, and the vehicle was said to contain white phosphorous as well. Search efforts nonetheless ensued for the MIA beginning 2 clays after the attack and finally ending 29 years later when a U.S. Army search and recovery element (RE) discovered dental remains and a dental prosthesis which were used to identify the soldier positively. C1 [Bunch, Ann W.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Criminal Justice, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. [Shiroma, Calvin Y.] JPAC, CIL, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Bunch, AW (reprint author), SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Criminal Justice, 164 Albert W Brown Bldg, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. FU Central Identification Laboratory; Joint POW-MIA Accounting Command FX The authors thank Dr. Thomas D. Holland, Scientific Director of the Central Identification Laboratory, Joint POW-MIA Accounting Command for his support. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GO UT WOS:000276584900014 PM 20180483 ER PT J AU Chen, QF Huang, L Lai, YC Grebogi, C Dietz, D AF Chen, Qingfei Huang, Liang Lai, Ying-Cheng Grebogi, Celso Dietz, David TI Extensively Chaotic Motion in Electrostatically Driven Nanowires and Applications SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; nonlinear dynamics; extensive chaos; crisis; random number generator ID DYNAMICS; CRISIS; NANOTUBE; SYSTEMS; MEMS; PERTURBATIONS; RESONATORS; OSCILLATOR; ATTRACTORS AB We carry out a detailed bifurcation analysis for a common class of electrostatically driven nanowires in a multiphysics model. A finding is that the nanoscale system can exhibit distinct chaotic states: chaos with symmetry breaking and extensive chaos possessing the full symmetry of the system. Potential applications Such as nanoscale random number generator and controlling extensive chaos to achieve desirable performance are articulated. C1 [Chen, Qingfei; Huang, Liang; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng; Grebogi, Celso] Univ Aberdeen, Univ London Kings Coll, Inst Complex Syst & Math Biol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Dietz, David] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, QF (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM qchen20@asu.edu RI Huang, Liang/A-1671-2009 FU AFOSR [F9550-09-1-0260]; BBSRC [BB-F00513X, BB-G010722]; Scottish Northern Research Partnership FX This work was supported by AFOSR under grant no. F9550-09-1-0260. This work was also supported by the BBSRC under grants no. BB-F00513X and no. BB-G010722 and by the Scottish Northern Research Partnership. The authors thank Dr. Yan Wang and Dr. Wen-Xu Wang for many helpful discussions, NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1021/nl902775m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 553BE UT WOS:000274338800008 PM 20055431 ER PT J AU Owen, J Hankins, G Iams, JD Berghella, V Sheffield, JS Perez-Delboy, A Egerman, RS Wing, DA Tomlinson, M Silver, R Ramin, SM Guzman, ER Gordon, M How, HY Knudtson, EJ Szychowski, JM Cliver, S Hauth, JC AF Owen, John Hankins, Gary Iams, Jay D. Berghella, Vincenzo Sheffield, Jeanne S. Perez-Delboy, Annette Egerman, Robert S. Wing, Deborah A. Tomlinson, Mark Silver, Richard Ramin, Susan M. Guzman, Edwin R. Gordon, Michael How, Helen Y. Knudtson, Eric J. Szychowski, Jeff M. Cliver, Suzanne Hauth, John C. TI Multicenter Randomized Trial of Cerclage for Preterm Birth Prevention in High-Risk Women With Shortened Midtrimester Cervical Length EDITORIAL COMMENT SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Owen, John] Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Gynecol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Obstet, Galveston, TX USA. Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Gynecol, Galveston, TX USA. Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Obstet, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Obstet, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Gynecol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Obstet, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Gynecol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Gynecol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Obstet, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Gynecol, Irvine, CA USA. NW Perinatal Ctr, Dept Obstet, Portland, OR USA. NW Perinatal Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Portland, OR USA. Northshore Med Grp, Dept Obstet, Evanston, IL USA. Northshore Med Grp, Dept Gynecol, Evanston, IL USA. Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Obstet, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol, Houston, TX USA. St Peters Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet, New Brunswick, NJ USA. St Peters Univ Hosp, Dept Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Obstet, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Gynecol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Owen, J (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 65 IS 2 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 552SZ UT WOS:000274315100003 ER PT J AU Ward, B Mermelstein, M AF Ward, Benjamin Mermelstein, Marc TI Modeling of inter-modal Brillouin gain in higher-order-mode fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING AB Finite element calculations of inter-modal Brillouin gain between LP0n modes in acoustically-inhomogeneous higher order mode (HOM) fibers are presented. When the pump beam is launched in the LP08 mode, the LP01 mode of the Stokes beam experiences the highest gain, approximately 6.7 dB higher than the peak LP08-LP08 gain. An LP01 Stokes beam experiences successively more Brillouin gain when pumped by higher-order LP0n modes. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Ward, Benjamin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mermelstein, Marc] OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Ward, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Benjamin.ward@usafa.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX The authors would like to thank the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office for funding support, Steve Senator, United States Air Force Academy Modeling and Simulation Research Center, Tom Cortese, Productivity Enhancement and Technology Transfer Team, for computational support, and Clifford Headley and Siddharth Ramachandran for helpful contributions. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1952 EP 1958 DI 10.1364/OE.18.001952 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 559AD UT WOS:000274791200017 PM 20174024 ER PT J AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, Jeffrey TI Quantum logic as superbraids of entangled qubit world lines SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GATES; COMPUTATION; ALGEBRAS; KNOTS AB Presented is a topological representation of quantum logic that views entangled qubit spacetime histories (or qubit world lines) as a generalized braid, referred to as a superbraid. The crossing of world lines can be quantum-mechanical in nature, most conveniently expressed analytically with ladder-operator-based quantum gates. At a crossing, independent world lines can become entangled. Complicated superbraids are systematically reduced by recursively applying quantum skein relations. If the superbraid is closed (e. g., representing quantum circuits with closed-loop feedback, quantum lattice gas algorithms, loop or vacuum diagrams in quantum field theory), then one can decompose the resulting superlink into an entangled superposition of classical links. Thus, one can compute a superlink invariant, for example, the Jones polynomial for the square root of a classical knot. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 022328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.022328 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 562RW UT WOS:000275072500078 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, Vincent A. Tsou, Brian H. TI Seeing Forbidden COLORS SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 [Billock, Vincent A.] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Tsou, Brian H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 302 IS 2 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 546SF UT WOS:000273830700028 PM 20128226 ER PT J AU Kurdi, M Beran, P Stanford, B Snyder, R AF Kurdi, Mohammad Beran, Philip Stanford, Bret Snyder, Richard TI Optimal actuation of nonlinear resonant systems SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Dynamic response optimization; Spectral element; Transient; Time periodic; Path optimization; Adjoint sensitivity; Trajectory optimization; Optimal periodic control; Insect flight ID MICRO AIR VEHICLES; SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; DUFFING OSCILLATOR; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; AERODYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; FREQUENCIES; KINEMATICS AB In this study, we examine a new approach for actuation of dynamical systems with minimum work and maximum amplitude while maintaining constraints on the actuation force. Two methodology issues are addressed in the paper: sensitivity analysis about the nonlinear transient response and exploration of the strongly nonlinear relationship between the two objectives and the actuation design variables. The optimization analysis is carried out on lightly damped Duffing systems. The formulation of the optimization problem is found ideally suited to resolve the difficulty of dependence of response on initial conditions. The tradeoff curve of work and amplitude is computed. The optimal actuation strove to compensate for the limited force amplitude by an abrupt change in the force in time. Finally the optimization procedure is demonstrated on the kinematic design of hovering insect flight. The optimal design gives 50% reduction in power consumption, with a larger cutback for an actuation with high acceleration. C1 [Kurdi, Mohammad; Beran, Philip; Stanford, Bret; Snyder, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kurdi, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Mohammad.Kurdi@wpafb.af.mil; Philip.Beran@wpafb.af.mil; Bret.Stanford@wpafb.af.mil; Richard.Snyder@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s00158-009-0398-9 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 543GL UT WOS:000273561500005 ER PT J AU Klongcheongsan, T Bullard, TJ Tauber, UC AF Klongcheongsan, T. Bullard, T. J. Taeuber, U. C. TI Nonequilibrium steady states of driven magnetic flux lines in disordered type-II superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MOVING VORTEX LATTICE; BOSON LOCALIZATION; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; VOLTAGE NOISE; GLASS PHASE; THIN-FILMS; TRANSITIONS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB We investigate driven magnetic flux lines in layered type-II superconductors subject to various configurations of strong point or columnar pinning centers by means of a three-dimensional elastic line model and Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. We characterize the resulting nonequilibrium steady states by means of the force-velocity/current-voltage curve, static structure factor, mean vortex radius of gyration, number of double-kink and half-loop excitations, and velocity/voltage noise spectrum. We compare the results for the above observables for randomly distributed point and columnar defects, and demonstrate that the three-dimensional flux line structures and their fluctuations lead to a remarkable variety of complex phenomena in the steady-state transport properties of bulk superconductors. C1 [Klongcheongsan, T.; Taeuber, U. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Klongcheongsan, T.; Taeuber, U. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Stochast Proc & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bullard, T. J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klongcheongsan, T (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM vmi2004@vt.edu; tauber@vt.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG0209ER46613] FX This material is in part based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG0209ER46613. We would like to thank George Daquila, Jayajit Das, and Michel Pleimling for helpful discussions. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 AR 025023 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/2/025023 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 546JU UT WOS:000273807900027 ER PT J AU Ahamed, M Posgai, R Gorey, TJ Nielsen, M Hussain, SM Rowe, JJ AF Ahamed, Maqusood Posgai, Ryan Gorey, Timothy J. Nielsen, Mark Hussain, Saber M. Rowe, John J. TI Silver nanoparticles induced heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Hsp 70; Oxidative stress; DNA damage; Apoptosis ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; IN-VITRO; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TOXICITY; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS; PROTEIN; HSP70; CELLS AB Due to the intensive commercial application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), risk assessment of this nanoparticle is of great importance. Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that Ag NPs caused DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. However, toxicity of Ag NPs in vivo is largely lacking. This study was undertaken to examine the toxic effects of well-characterized polysaccharide coated 10 nm Ag NPs on heat shock stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis ill Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae of D. melanogaster were fed a diet of standard cornmeal media mixed with Ag NPs at the concentrations of 50 and 100 mu g/ml for 24 and 48 h. Ag NPs up-regulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 and induced oxidative stress in D. melanogaster. Malondialdehyde level, an end product of lipid peroxidation was significantly higher while antioxidant glutathione content was significantly lower in Ag NPs exposed organisms. Activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and catalase were also significantly higher in the organisms exposed to Ag NPs. Furthermore, Ag NPs up-regulated the cell cycle checkpoint p53 and cell signaling protein p38 that are involved in the DNA damage repair pathway. Moreover, activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, markers of apoptosis were significantly higher in Ag NPs exposed organisms. The results indicate that Ag NPs in D. melanogaster induce heat shock stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. This study suggests that the organism is stressed and thus warrants more careful assessment of Ag NPs using in vivo models to determine if chronic exposure presents developmental and reproductive toxicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahamed, Maqusood; Posgai, Ryan; Gorey, Timothy J.; Nielsen, Mark; Rowe, John J.] Univ Dayton, Ctr Tissue Regenerat & Engn, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rowe, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Tissue Regenerat & Engn, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM John.Rowe@notes.udayton.edu OI Ahamed, Maqusood/0000-0001-6025-1950 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0833953] FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grant CBET-0833953. The work was conducted under a CRADA agreement with WPAFB in a shared UD/AFRL laboratory. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Scott Streiker at the Nanoscale Engineering Science and Technology Laboratory (NEST), University of Dayton for his helpfulness with the TEM. NR 47 TC 194 Z9 199 U1 14 U2 69 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 242 IS 3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.016 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 546SS UT WOS:000273832500004 PM 19874832 ER PT J AU Pigage, HK Pigage, JC Peyton, RD Klaber, ML AF Pigage, Helen K. Pigage, Jon C. Peyton, Roger D. Klaber, Marigny L. TI PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FLEAS ON RODENTS IN THREE COLORADO COUNTIES SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pigage, Helen K.] USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Pigage, Jon C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Peyton, Roger D.] Directorate Environm Control & Management, Ft Carson, CO USA. [Klaber, Marigny L.] El Paso Cty Hlth Dept, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200044 ER PT J AU Acharya, KP Mahalingm, K Ullrich, B AF Acharya, K. P. Mahalingm, K. Ullrich, B. TI Structural, compositional, and optoelectronic properties of thin-film CdS on p-GaAs prepared by pulsed-laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Materials Research Congress CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Mexican Mat Res Soc, Natl Assoc Corros Engn DE Pulsed-laser deposition; Thin-film Cds; Photocurrent; Cds/GaAs heterostructures; Deposition rate ID GLASS; ENERGY AB Thin-film CdS (300-400 nm) was deposited onto p-GaAs with low-temperature pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) using 532 nm emission of a Nd:YAG laser (6 ns, 10 Hz). The ablation threshold takes place at a fluence of 0.64 J/cm(2) and the deposition rate reaches its maximum at 2.68 J/cm(2). while further fluence increase caused a deposition rate drop due to plume shielding. X-ray investigations illustrated that the US film texture is composed of nano-sized crystallites (10-30 nm) embedded in an amorphous matrix. Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray and electron probe microanalysis revealed almost stoichiometric composition. Alternating photocurrent Spectroscopy showed that the CdS/GaAs sample exhibits intrinsic room-temperature responsivity, which might be useful for specific optoelectronic interconnects. The work emphasizes versatility and straightforwardness of PLD to form operative devices based on hetero-pairing. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Acharya, K. P.; Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Acharya, K. P.; Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Mahalingm, K.; Ullrich, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM bruno@kottan-labs.bgsu.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 31 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 7 SI SI BP 1784 EP 1787 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.09.032 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 560FI UT WOS:000274887000006 ER PT J AU Pedersen, T Gustavsson, B Mishin, E Kendall, E Mills, T Carlson, HC Snyder, AL AF Pedersen, T. Gustavsson, B. Mishin, E. Kendall, E. Mills, T. Carlson, H. C. Snyder, A. L. TI Creation of artificial ionospheric layers using high-power HF waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-WAVES AB We report the first evidence of artificial ionospheric plasmas reaching sufficient density to sustain interaction with a high-power HF pump beam produced by the 3.6 MW High-Frequency Active Auroral Program (HAARP) transmitter in Gakona, Alaska. The HF-driven ionization process is initiated near the 2nd electron gyroharmonic at 220 km altitude in the ionospheric F region. Once the artificial plasma reaches sufficient density to support interaction with the transmitter beam it rapidly descends as an ionization wave to similar to 150 km altitude. Although these initial artificial layers appear to be dynamic and highly structured, this new ability to produce significant artificial plasma in the upper atmosphere opens the door to a new regime in ionospheric radio wave propagation where transmitter-produced plasmas dominate over the natural ionospheric plasma and may eventually be employed as active components of communications, radar, and other systems. Citation: Pedersen, T., B. Gustavsson, E. Mishin, E. Kendall, T. Mills, H. C. Carlson, and A. L. Snyder (2010), Creation of artificial ionospheric layers using high-power HF waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02106, doi:10.1029/2009GL041895. C1 [Pedersen, T.; Mishin, E.; Mills, T.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Carlson, H. C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Lancaster, InfoLab21, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Kendall, E.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Snyder, A. L.] NW Res Associates, Stockton Springs, ME 04474 USA. RP Pedersen, T (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX HAARP is a Department of Defense program operated jointly by the U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. Work at AFRL was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank the HAARP program for transmitter time, the operators and crew of the HAARP facility and remote optical site for their support, and L. McNamara for helpful discussions. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02106 DI 10.1029/2009GL041895 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KL UT WOS:000274126600008 ER PT J AU Kerkines, ISK Morokuma, K Iordanova, N Viggiano, AA AF Kerkines, Ioannis S. K. Morokuma, Keiji Iordanova, Nedialka Viggiano, A. A. TI Experimental and theoretical study of the reaction of POCl3- with O-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; bonds (chemical); combustion; density functional theory; flames; ion-molecule reactions; negative ions; oxygen; oxygen compounds; perturbation theory; phosphorus compounds; reaction kinetics; turbulence ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HYPERSPHERE SEARCH METHOD; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; REACTION PATHWAYS; ATOMS ALUMINUM; ION CHEMISTRY; POXCLY-IONS; GAS-PHASE AB The oxidation of the trichlorooxyphosphorus anion (POCl3-), which takes place in combustion flames, has been examined experimentally at a variety of temperatures and theoretically via ab initio and density functional methods. The reaction was examined in a turbulent ion flow tube and kinetics was measured between 300 and 626 K, estimating an overall reaction barrier of 1.23 kcal/mol. Calculations at the density functional, Moller-Plesset second order perturbation, and coupled cluster levels of theory with basis sets up to augmented triple-zeta quality point to a multistep reaction mechanism involving an initial [OP(Cl)(3)(OO)](-) intermediate, an adduct between triplet O-2 with POCl3-, subsequent formation of a four-membered nonplanar P - O - O - Cl ring transition state, with concomitant breaking of the P - Cl and O - O bonds to provide a transient intermediate [OP(Cl)(2)OO center dot Cl](-), which, in turn, converts to the product complex (POCl2-)(ClO) upon formation of the Cl - O bond without barrier. The calculated energy of the four-membered transition state is considered to be in good agreement with the small overall barrier found by experiment. The final step is responsible for the large exothermicity of the reaction. C1 [Kerkines, Ioannis S. K.; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kerkines, Ioannis S. K.; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Iordanova, Nedialka] Georgia SW State Univ, Dept Chem, Americus, GA 31709 USA. [Viggiano, A. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kerkines, ISK (reprint author), Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. EM morokuma@emory.edu; albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0395]; Emerson Center Visiting Fellowship; DoD-High Performance Computing Program; Research Center for Computational Science, Okazaki, Japan; Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation FX The present research was supported in part by grants from AFOSR (Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0395). N.I. acknowledges an Emerson Center Visiting Fellowship. Computer time was provided by a grant under the DoD-High Performance Computing Program and by Research Center for Computational Science, Okazaki, Japan, as well as by Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 AR 044309 DI 10.1063/1.3299276 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 551BK UT WOS:000274180400027 PM 20113035 ER PT J AU Eyet, N Midey, A Bierbaum, VM Viggiano, AA AF Eyet, Nicole Midey, Anthony Bierbaum, Veronica M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Survey of the Reactivity of O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) with Negative Ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; RATE CONSTANTS; CARBANIONS; O-2(A(1)DELTA(G)); MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; FORMULA; DENSITY AB The reactivity of O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) was studied with a series of unions, including -CH2CN, -CH2NO2, -CH2C(O)H, CH3C(O)CH2-, C2H5O-, (CH3)(2)CHO-, CF3CH2O-, CF3-, HC2-, HCCO-, HC(O)O-, CH3C(O)O-, CH3OC(O)CH2 and HS-. Reaction rate constants and production branching ratios were measured. All of the carbanions react through a common pathway to produce their major products. O-2(a) adds across a bond at the site of the negative charge. resulting in the cleavage of this bond and the O=O bond. Oxyanions react through a hydride transfer to produce their major products. Proton transfer within these product ion-dipole complexes can occur, where the final branching ratios reflect the basicity of the resulting anions. Several of these anions (CF3-, HC2-, CH3OC(O)CH2) were also found to undergo several sequential reactions within a single encounter. These three basic types of mechanisms are Supported by Calculations; it potential energy diagram for each type Of reaction has been calculated. Additionally, six Of these reactions had been qualitatively studied before; our results are in agreement with previous data. C1 [Eyet, Nicole; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Midey, Anthony; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2303EP4, FA8655-09-3001]; Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0006]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0647088] FX We would like to acknowledge Bill McDermott, Terry Rawlins, and Steve Davis who provided numerous helpful suggestions on how to work with O2(a 1Deltag). This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Under Project No. 2303EP4 and Grant Award No. FA8655-09-3001. A.M. was supported through Boston College under Contract No. FA8718-04-C-0006. N.E. and V.M.B. were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CHE-0647088. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through, TeraGrid resources provided by NCSA.28 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1276 DI 10.1021/jp904235m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 544QB UT WOS:000273672600006 PM 19639975 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Condon, LR DeSouza-Goding, A Miller, TM Bopp, JC Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, Jane M. Condon, Laura R. DeSouza-Goding, Antonet Miller, Thomas M. Bopp, Joseph C. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron Affinity of trans-2-C4F8 from Electron Attachment-Detachment Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FLUOROCARBONS; GASEOUS DIELECTRICS; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; ETCH; HOLE; SF6 AB Electron attachment and detachment kinetics of 2-C4F8 were studied over the temperature range 298-487 K with a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. Only parent anions were formed in the attachment process throughout this temperature range, At the highest temperatures, thermal electron detachment of the parent anions is important. Analysis of the 2-C4F8 gas showed an 82/18 mixture of trans/cis isomers. The kinetic data at the higher temperatures were used to determine the electron affinity EA(trans-2-C4F8) = 0.79 +/- 0.06 eV after making some reasonable assumptions. The same quantity Wits calculated using the G3(MP2) compound method, yielding 0.74 eV. The kinetic data were not sufficient to establish a reliable Value for EA(cis-2-C4F8), but G3(MP2) calculations give it Value 0.017 eV greater than that for trans-2-C4F8. MP2 and density functional theory were used to study the structural properties of the neutral and anion isomers. C1 [Van Doren, Jane M.; Condon, Laura R.; DeSouza-Goding, Antonet] Coll Holey Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.; Bopp, Joseph C.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Van Doren, Jane M.] US FDA, CFSAN, OFDCER, DEC,SC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Bopp, Joseph C.] Nalco Co, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holey Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM jane.vandoren@gmail.com FU National Academy of Science of Sciences Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; Research Corporation; College of the Holey Cross; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-04-C0006] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air force Office of Scientific Research for this work, and for a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Maui High Performance Computing Center. J.M.V.D. acknowledges support from the National Academy of Science of Sciences Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, the Research Corporation, and the College of the Holey Cross. T.M.M. is under contract (FA8718-04-C0006) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College, NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1420 EP 1426 DI 10.1021/jp907154m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 544QB UT WOS:000273672600025 PM 20020708 ER PT J AU Mirau, PA Lyons, M AF Mirau, Peter A. Lyons, Marjan TI Intermolecular Interactions and Dynamics in Polymer/C-60 Blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; SOLID-STATE NMR; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; C-60 FULLERENE; MODIFIED CLAYS; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYSTYRENE; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; HETEROGENEITY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Solid-state NMR and X-ray scattering are used to study intermolecular interactions in miscible blends of C-60 with polystyrene, poly(9-vinylcarbazole), and phase-separate blends with poly(ethylene oxide). Miscible C-60 blends prepared by solution precipitation with polystyrene and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) are purple in color, show intermolecular C-60-polymer cross-polarization, and do not show the scattering peaks from C-60 crystallites. The C-60 dynamics measured using the chemical shift anisotropy filter pulse sequence shows that C-60 rotates rapidly in the blend and averages the anisotropic line shape, while blending with C-60 has a minor effect on the host polymer dynamics. These results demonstrate that C-60 interacts weakly with polymers in miscible blends. C1 [Mirau, Peter A.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lyons, Marjan] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Mirau, PA (reprint author), USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1021/ma9022313 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 543YQ UT WOS:000273618100008 ER PT J AU Ketsman, I Wooten, D Xiao, J Losovyj, YB Burak, YV Adamiv, VT Sokolov, A Petrosky, J McClory, J Dowben, PA AF Ketsman, I. Wooten, D. Xiao, Jie Losovyj, Ya B. Burak, Ya V. Adamiv, V. T. Sokolov, A. Petrosky, J. McClory, J. Dowben, P. A. TI The off-axis pyroelectric effect observed for lithium tetraborate SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Pyroelectric effect; Lithium tetraborate; Coupled order parameters ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LI2B4O7; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; LI2O.2B2O3; OVERLAYERS; DIBORATE AB We find a pyroelectric current along the (110) direction of stoichiometric Li(2)B(4)O(7) so that the pyroelectric coefficient is nonzero but roughly 10(-3) smaller than along the (001) direction of spontaneous polarization. Abrupt decreases in the pyroelectric coefficient along the (110) direction can be correlated with anomalies in the elastic stiffness C(33)(D) contributing to concept that the pyroelectric coefficient is not simply a vector but has qualities of a tensor, as expected. The time dependent surface photovoltaic charging suggests that an inverse piezoelectric effect occurs at the (110) surface but not the (100) surface. Both effects along the (110) direction or at the (110) surface are distinct the conventional as a bulk pyroelectric effect. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ketsman, I.; Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Ya B.; Sokolov, A.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ketsman, I.; Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Ya B.; Sokolov, A.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nonosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wooten, D.; Petrosky, J.; McClory, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Losovyj, Ya B.] Louisiana State Univ, J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Burak, Ya V.; Adamiv, V. T.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 880111, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Xiao, Jie/E-9640-2012; OI Xiao, Jie/0000-0002-2320-6111; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; NSF "QSPINS" MRSEC [DMR-0820521] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant Nos. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128), the NSF "QSPINS" MRSEC (DMR-0820521) at UNL and the Nebraska Research Initiative. This work was undertaken in partial fulfillment of the degree at ART by one author (D.W.). We thank M.W. Swinney, Shan Yang, A.T. Brant, and L.E. Halliburton for the EPR and ENDOR measurements and B. Montag, K. Nelson and D. McGregor for providing independent confirmation of the neutron irradiation conductivity. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government. The authors acknowledge a number of helpful conversations with Alexei Gruverman. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 374 IS 6 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.012 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 553NZ UT WOS:000274375400017 ER PT J AU Strasser, D Goulay, F Belau, L Kostko, O Koh, C Chambreau, SD Vaghjiani, GL Ahmed, M Leone, SR AF Strasser, Daniel Goulay, Fabien Belau, Leonid Kostko, Oleg Koh, Christine Chambreau, Steven D. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Ahmed, Musahid Leone, Stephen R. TI Tunable Wavelength Soft Photoionization of Ionic Liquid Vapors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAS-PHASE; SOLAR-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; VAPORIZATION; ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTIVITY; CLUSTERS; SURFACE AB Combined data of photoelectron spectra and photoionization efficiency curves in the near threshold ionization region of isolated ion pairs from [emim][Tf2N], [emim][Pf(2)N], and [dmpim][Tf2N] ionic liquid vapors reveal small shifts in the ionization energies of ion-pair systems due to cation and anion substitutions. Shifts toward higher binding energy following anion Substitution are attributed to increased electronegativity of the anion itself, whereas shifts toward lower binding energies following cation substitution tire attributed to an increase in the cation-anion distance [flat causes a lower Coulombic binding potential. The predominant ionization mechanism in the near threshold photon energy region is identified as dissociative ionization, involving the dissociation of the ion pair and the production of intact cations as the positively charged products. C1 [Strasser, Daniel; Goulay, Fabien; Koh, Christine; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strasser, Daniel; Goulay, Fabien; Koh, Christine; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Belau, Leonid; Kostko, Oleg; Ahmed, Musahid; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chambreau, Steven D.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Strasser, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM strasser@chem.ch.huji.ac.il RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Kostko, Oleg/B-3822-2009; Kostko, Oleg/A-3693-2010 OI Kostko, Oleg/0000-0003-2068-4991; FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-04-1-0083, F49620-03-1-0212, FA9300-06-C0023]; Department of Energy [DE-AC05CH1 1231]; National Science Foundation Extreme Ultraviolet Center [EEC-0310717]; Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH1 1231] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant nos. FA9550-04-1-0083, F49620-03-1-0212, and FA9300-06-C0023) with additional equipment and Support from the Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05CH1 1231 and the National Science Foundation Extreme Ultraviolet Center, contract no. EEC-0310717. This work was also supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH1 1231. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 2 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1021/jp909727f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 541FN UT WOS:000273400600024 PM 19957958 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Bai, ZW Shumaker, J Venkatasubramanian, N AF Dang, Thuy D. Bai, Zongwu Shumaker, Joseph Venkatasubramanian, Narayanan TI Synthesis and characterization of fully disulfonated poly(arylenethioethersulfone)s containing hexafluoroisopropylidene moiety SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Sulfonated polymer; Polycondensation; Proton exchange membrane ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES AB High molecular weight sulfonated poly(arylenethioethersulfone) homopolymer containing hexafluoroisopropylidene moiety (6F-SPTES-100) was synthesized from the monomers 3,3'-disulfionated-4,4'difluorodiphenylsulfone and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenylthiol, using 4-fluorobenzophenone as the end-capping agent in polar aprotic solvents at temperatures up to 180 degrees C to provide the desired polymeric composition for utilization as proton exchange membrane (PEM) in fuel cells applications. Tough, ductile freestanding membranes were fabricated from N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) by solvent-casting. The end-capped 6F-SPTES-100 polymer was fully characterized and the membrane was found to have proton conductivity as high as 180 mS/cmwhich was measured at 85 degrees C and 65% relative humidity. The proton conductivity of 6F-SPTES-100 was approximately two and half times higher than that of Nafion-117 under comparable conditions. The swelling and solubility characteristics of the 6F-SPTES-100 polymer in water are directly related to the high degree of sulfonation of the polymer backbone. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bai, Zongwu; Shumaker, Joseph; Venkatasubramanian, Narayanan] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dang, Thuy D.] AFRL, RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, ZW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil; zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.060 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 546IM UT WOS:000273804500017 ER PT J AU Shi, L Shi, J McManamon, PF Bos, PJ AF Shi, Lei Shi, Jianru McManamon, Paul F. Bos, Philip J. TI Design considerations for high efficiency liquid crystal decentered microlens arrays for steering light SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY AB We have investigated the causes of low efficiency for optical beam steering devices based on liquid crystal decentered microlens arrays (DLAs). We show that the efficiency is effected by the relative phase of light exiting the individual lenses, the imperfect focusing of small lenses due to diffraction, the aberrations related to off-axis light going through a lens, and the diffraction spreading of light beams going through the DLA structure. A high steering efficiency of over 94.4% is demonstrated by modeling the transmitted light through the DLA with scalar diffraction theory. We also propose modified phase profiles for the lenses that are a function of angle that substantially improve the performance of these types of device over the unmodified profiles. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Shi, Lei; Bos, Philip J.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Shi, Jianru] LCOptix LLC, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [McManamon, Paul F.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bos, PJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM pbos@lci.kent.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). We acknowledge the helpful comments from Edward A. Watson of the AFRL at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 409 EP 421 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000409 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547II UT WOS:000273880200017 PM 20090805 ER PT J AU Gilje, S Dubin, S Badakhshan, A Farrar, J Danczyk, SA Kaner, RB AF Gilje, Scott Dubin, Sergey Badakhshan, Alireza Farrar, Jabari Danczyk, Stephen A. Kaner, Richard B. TI Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide for Patterning and Distributed Ignition Applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE OXIDE; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; SHEETS; REDUCTION; FLASH; FILMS; NANOSHEETS; EXPOSURE; PAPER AB Photopatterning of graphene oxide films can be achieved by exposing a thin film of graphene oxide to a photographic flash. Absorption of light causes rapid heating of the graphene oxide resulting in deoxygenation to graphitic carbon. Using a transmission electron microscope grid as a mask, the grid pattern can be transferred to a graphene oxide film. C1 [Gilje, Scott; Farrar, Jabari] Northrop Grumman Corp, Northrop Grumman Aerosp Res Labs, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Dubin, Sergey; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dubin, Sergey; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Badakhshan, Alireza] USAF, Res Lab, Ross Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Danczyk, Stephen A.] USAF, Res Lab, AeroPhys Branch, Combust Devices Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gilje, S (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Northrop Grumman Aerosp Res Labs, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM scottgilje@yahoo.com FU The Northrop Grumman Corporation; Aerospace Systems Division; Aerospace Research Labs (ARL) internal research and development (IRAD); University of California Discovery Program (RBK); Focused Center Research Program Functional Engineered NanoArchitectonics (FCRP/FENA) Center (RBK); Air Force Research Labs (AFRL) Nano Energetics Strategic Technology Teams (STT) FX The authors thank Hsiao Hu Peng for use of his lab facilities and freeze-drying system; Christina Baker, Vincent Tung, Jonathan Wassei, and Henry Tran for their help in carrying out measurements and intellectual contributions; Yan Xu for help making optical measurements; Dr. Hiroyasu Furukawa for carrying out hydrogen absorption measurements; and Grant Umeda for his help with the BET measurements. Funding for this research has been provided by The Northrop Grumman Corporation, Aerospace Systems Division, Aerospace Research Labs (ARL) internal research and development (IRAD) fund with matching support from the University of California Discovery Program (RBK), the Focused Center Research Program Functional Engineered NanoArchitectonics (FCRP/FENA) Center (RBK), and the Air Force Research Labs (AFRL) Nano Energetics Strategic Technology Teams (STT). Supporting Information is available online from Wiley Interscience or from the author. NR 42 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 78 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 19 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 419 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200901902 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 552HC UT WOS:000274278500021 PM 20217732 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Smetana, AB Boeckl, JJ Brown, GJ Wai, CM AF Wang, Joanna S. Smetana, Alexander B. Boeckl, John J. Brown, Gail J. Wai, Chien M. TI Depositing Ordered Arrays of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles in Nanostructures Using Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID INTERMICELLAR EXCHANGE-RATE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; REVERSE MICELLES; THIN-FILMS; SIZE; MICROEMULSIONS; AOT; WATER; CONDENSATION; NANOCRYSTALS AB Silver sulfide and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles of controllable sizes are synthesized using a water-in-hexane microemulsion method and stabilized by dodecanethiol. The stabilized metal sulfide nanoparticles can be deposited homogenously on flat substrates forming ordered 2-D arrays in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (Sc-CO(2)). The use of Sc-CO(2) leaves the particles unaffected by dewetting effects Caused by traditional solvents and produces uniform arrays. The Sc-CO(2) deposition technique is capable of filling nanoparticles in nanostructures of silicon wafers which is difficult to accomplish by conventional solvent evaporation methods. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Smetana, Alexander B.; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wang, Joanna S.; Smetana, Alexander B.; Boeckl, John J.; Brown, Gail J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jswang@uidaho.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0526]; DURI-AFRL [FA8650-06D-5401] FX This work was supported by AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-0526) and by DURI-AFRL (FA8650-06D-5401). The support of the ST. Li Foundation in the form of an S.T. Li Prize for Achievement in Science and Technology (to C.M.W.) is acknowledged. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 19 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 1117 EP 1123 DI 10.1021/la902108s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 541GN UT WOS:000273403400068 PM 20000595 ER PT J AU Tan, WD Su, CY Knize, RJ Xie, GQ Li, LJ Tang, DY AF Tan, W. D. Su, C. Y. Knize, R. J. Xie, G. Q. Li, L. J. Tang, D. Y. TI Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE graphene; high-speed optical techniques; laser mode locking; neodymium; optical modulation; optical saturable absorption; solid lasers ID ATOMIC-LAYER GRAPHENE; LASERS AB The mode-locking of a ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) solid-state laser (SSL) with solution processed graphene as saturable absorber (SA) was demonstrated. Transform-limited pulses with duration of 4 ps centered at 1064 nm were generated for a nondispersion compensated Nd:YAG SSL. Z-scan studies revealed that the graphene SA has a saturation intensity of 0.87 M W cm(-2) and a normalized modulation depth of 17.4%. Our results illustrate the potential of using graphene as a mode locker for SSLs. C1 [Tan, W. D.; Knize, R. J.; Xie, G. Q.; Tang, D. Y.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Su, C. Y.; Li, L. J.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tang, DY (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM edytang@ntu.edu.sg RI Li, Lain-Jong/D-5244-2011; Su, Ching Yuan/D-6183-2011; Xie , Guoqiang /O-1048-2015 OI Li, Lain-Jong/0000-0002-4059-7783; Su, Ching Yuan/0000-0001-9295-7587; FU National Research Foundation of Singapore [NRF-G-CRP 2007-01] FX The work is funded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore under the Contract No. NRF-G-CRP 2007-01. NR 11 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 3 AR 031106 DI 10.1063/1.3292018 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 547LP UT WOS:000273890500006 ER PT J AU Relph, RA Guasco, TL Elliott, BM Kamrath, MZ McCoy, AB Steele, RP Schofield, DP Jordan, KD Viggiano, AA Ferguson, EE Johnson, MA AF Relph, Rachael A. Guasco, Timothy L. Elliott, Ben M. Kamrath, Michael Z. McCoy, Anne B. Steele, Ryan P. Schofield, Daniel P. Jordan, Kenneth D. Viggiano, Albert A. Ferguson, Eldon E. Johnson, Mark A. TI How the Shape of an H-Bonded Network Controls Proton-Coupled Water Activation in HONO Formation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; NITROUS-ACID FORMATION; CLUSTER IONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BASIS-SETS; NO+(H2O)(N); MECHANISM; SINGLES; CCSD AB Many chemical reactions in atmospheric aerosols and bulk aqueous environments are influenced by the surrounding solvation shell, but the precise molecular interactions underlying such effects have rarely been elucidated. We exploited recent advances in isomer-specific cluster vibrational spectroscopy to explore the fundamental relation between the hydrogen (H)-bonding arrangement of a set of ion-solvating water molecules and the chemical activity of this ensemble. We find that the extent to which the nitrosonium ion (NO(+)) and water form nitrous acid (HONO) and a hydrated proton cluster in the critical trihydrate depends sensitively on the geometrical arrangement of the water molecules in the network. Theoretical analysis of these data details the role of the water network in promoting charge delocalization. C1 [Relph, Rachael A.; Guasco, Timothy L.; Elliott, Ben M.; Kamrath, Michael Z.; Steele, Ryan P.; Johnson, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McCoy, Anne B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Schofield, Daniel P.; Jordan, Kenneth D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Ferguson, Eldon E.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, MA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mark.johnson@yale.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-9550-09-1-0139, 2303EP]; NSF [CHE-0616198, CHE-0911199, CHE-0809457, CHE-0615882, OISE-0730114, CHE-0515627/CHE-0848242]; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology FX M. A. J. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA-9550-09-1-0139). We also thank the NSF for support under grants CHE-0616198 and CHE-0911199 (M. A. J.), CHE-0809457 (K. D. J.), CHE-0615882 and OISE-0730114 (R. P. S.), and CHE-0515627/CHE-0848242 (A. B. M.). D. P. S. thanks the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology for funding, and A. A. V. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under project 2303EP. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 61 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5963 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1126/science.1177118 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 544CM UT WOS:000273629700036 PM 20075247 ER PT J AU Hsieh, DT Chang, T Tsuchida, TN Vezina, LG Vanderver, A Siedel, J Brown, K Berl, MM Stephens, S Zeitchick, A Gaillard, WD AF Hsieh, D. T. Chang, T. Tsuchida, T. N. Vezina, L. G. Vanderver, A. Siedel, J. Brown, K. Berl, M. M. Stephens, S. Zeitchick, A. Gaillard, W. D. TI New-onset afebrile seizures in infants Role of neuroimaging SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; NEWLY-DIAGNOSED EPILEPSY; FIRST UNPROVOKED SEIZURE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDHOOD; CLASSIFICATION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; PREDICTORS AB Objective: To investigate the presenting characteristics of new-onset afebrile seizures in infants (age 1-24 months) and the yield of neuroimaging. Methods: Prospective data were obtained from a standardized evaluation and management plan mandated by a critical care pathway. A total of 317 infants presented with new-onset afebrile seizures between 2001 and 2007. EEG was performed on 90.3%, head CT was obtained on 94%, and MRI was obtained on 57.4%. Results: We found half of the infants had partial features to their seizures, yet evidence for primary generalized seizures was rare. The majority had more than 1 seizure upon presentation. Seizures in this age group tended to be brief, with 44% lasting less than 1 minute. EEG abnormalities were found in half. One-third of CTs were abnormal, with 9% of all CTs requiring acute medical management. Over half of MRIs were abnormal, with cerebral dysgenesis being the most common abnormality (p < 0.05). One-third of normal CTs had a subsequent abnormal MRI-only 1 resulted in altered medical management. Conclusions: Infantile seizures are usually brief, but commonly recurrent, and strong consideration should be made for inpatient observation. Acute imaging with CT can alter management in a small but important number of infants. Due to the superior yield, strong consideration for MRI should be given for all infants, as primary generalized seizures are rare, and there is a high rate of cerebral dysgenesis. Neurology (R) 2010;74:150-156 C1 [Hsieh, D. T.; Chang, T.; Tsuchida, T. N.; Vanderver, A.; Siedel, J.; Berl, M. M.; Stephens, S.; Zeitchick, A.; Gaillard, W. D.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Neurosci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Vezina, L. G.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neuroradiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Brown, K.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Hsieh, D. T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Div Child Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Gaillard, WD (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Neurosci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM wgaillar@cnmc.org FU NIH [5R01-HL06092209, NINDS 1R01NS44280-01, NICHD 1P30HD40677-01, NCRR 1K12RR17613-01, NIMH 1 R01 MH065395-01A2, CDC-APTR R-03]; American Academy of Neurology Foundation; NIH/NINDS [K08 NS060695-01A1]; NCRR [5K12RR017613-05]; Lundbeck Inc; King Pharmaceuticals; PRA International; Eisai Inc.; Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. FX Dr. Hsieh has received funding for travel for lectures not funded by industry and received royalties from publishing in Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports (Current Medicine Group LLC, 2008). Dr. Chang has received honoraria for lectures or educational activities not funded by industry and receives research support from the NIH [5R01-HL06092209 (Co-PI)]. Dr. Tsuchida and Dr. Vezina report no disclosures. Dr. Vanderver receives research support from the American Academy of Neurology Foundation [Clinical Training in Research Fellowship Award (PI)] and from the NIH/NINDS [K08 NS060695-01A1 (PI)]. J. Siedel holds stock in Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Brown serves on the editorial board of Prehospital Emergency Care and has received honoraria for lectures or educational activities not funded by industry. Dr. Berl receives research support from the NIH [PCRS Scholar Award and NCRR 5K12RR017613-05 (PI)]. S. Stephens and A. Zeitchick report no disclosures. Dr. Gaillard has served on a scientific advisory board for General Electric and on an educational committee supported by Ovation (now Lundbeck) and Questcor; serves as an editor of Epilepsia; his department derives clinical income from the evaluation and management of children with epilepsy; receives research support from Lundbeck Inc., King Pharmaceuticals, PRA International, Eisai Inc., and Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and is supported by federal funding from the NIH [NINDS 1R01NS44280-01 (PI) and NICHD 1P30HD40677-01 (IDDRC, core director), NCRR 1K12RR17613-01 (mentor), NIMH 1 R01 MH065395-01A2 (Co-I)] and CDC-APTR R-03 (Paid consultant). NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN 12 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c91847 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 543HC UT WOS:000273563600010 PM 20065250 ER PT J AU Nitsche, M Weidman, PD Grimshaw, R Ghrist, M Fornberg, B AF Nitsche, M. Weidman, P. D. Grimshaw, R. Ghrist, M. Fornberg, B. TI Evolution of solitary waves in a two-pycnocline system SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE internal waves; solitary waves ID INTERNAL WAVES; NEIGHBORING PYCNOCLINES; STRATIFIED FLUIDS; FINITE DEPTH; EQUATIONS; WATER AB Over two decades ago, some numerical studies and laboratory experiments identified the phenomenon of leapfrogging internal solitary waves located on separated pycnoclines. We revisit this problem to explore the behaviour of the near resonance phenomenon. We have developed a numerical code to follow the long-time inviscid evolution of isolated mode-two disturbances on two separated pycnoclines in a three-layer stratified fluid bounded by rigid horizontal top and bottom walls. We study the dependence of the solution on input system parameters, namely the three fluid densities and the two interface thicknesses, for fixed initial conditions describing isolated mode-two disturbances on each pycnocline. For most parameter Values, the initial disturbances separate immediately and evolve Into solitary waves, each with a distinct speed. However, in a narrow region of parameter space, the waves pair LIP and oscillate for some time in leapfrog fashion with a nearly equal average speed. The motion is only quasi-periodic, as each wave loses energy into its respective dispersive tail, which causes the spatial oscillation magnitude and period to increase until the waves eventually separate. We record the separation time, oscillation period and magnitude, and the final amplitudes and celerity of the separated waves as a Function of the input parameters, and give evidence that no perfect periodic Solutions Occur. A simple asymptotic model is developed to aid in interpretation of the numerical results. C1 [Nitsche, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Weidman, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grimshaw, R.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Ghrist, M.] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fornberg, B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nitsche, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nitsche@math.unm.edu RI Grimshaw, Roger/J-7855-2013 OI Grimshaw, Roger/0000-0003-0917-3218 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 642 BP 235 EP 277 DI 10.1017/S0022112009991819 PG 43 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 555EJ UT WOS:000274490500012 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Ding, YJJ Zhao, HP Liu, GY Jamil, M Tansu, N Zotova, IB Stutz, CE Diggs, DE Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK Gallinat, CS Koblmuller, G Speck, JS AF Xu, Guibao Ding, Yujie J. Zhao, Hongping Liu, Guangyu Jamil, Muhammad Tansu, Nelson Zotova, Ioulia B. Stutz, Charles E. Diggs, Darnell E. Fernelius, Nils Hopkins, F. Ken Gallinat, Chad S. Koblmueller, Gregor Speck, James S. TI THz generation from InN films due to destructive interference between optical rectification and photocurrent surge SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ GENERATION; THIN-FILMS; PULSES; MOVPE; GAN/SAPPHIRE; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; CRYSTAL; FIELD; INAS AB We have investigated the characteristics of THz generation including the dependence of the output power and polarization on the incident angle and pump polarization from two series of InN films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), respectively. Following the analyses of our results, we have attributed the mechanism of the THz generation from these InN samples to the destructive interference between optical rectification and photocurrent surge. Under the average intensity of 176 W cm(-2) for the subpicosecond laser pulses at 782 nm, the THz output powers were measured to be as high as 2.4 mu W from the 220 nm InN film, with the output frequencies spanning the band from 300 GHz to 2.5 THz. C1 [Xu, Guibao; Ding, Yujie J.; Zhao, Hongping; Liu, Guangyu; Jamil, Muhammad; Tansu, Nelson] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Stutz, Charles E.; Diggs, Darnell E.; Fernelius, Nils; Hopkins, F. Ken] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gallinat, Chad S.; Koblmueller, Gregor; Speck, James S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ding, YJJ (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008; Gallinat, Chad/E-7561-2010; Xu, Guibao/F-3461-2010; Zhao, Hongping/H-4724-2011; Speck, James/H-5646-2011 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125; FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; ARL-Lehigh Cooperative Agreement; National Science Foundation [DMR 0907260] FX This work has been supported by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, ARL-Lehigh Cooperative Agreement and National Science Foundation (DMR # 0907260). NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/25/1/015004 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 544RQ UT WOS:000273677200005 ER PT J AU Pawlik, G Mitus, AC Mysliwiec, J Miniewicz, A Grote, JG AF Pawlik, Grzegorz Mitus, Antoni C. Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw Miniewicz, Andrzej Grote, James G. TI Photochromic dye semi-intercalation into DNA-based polymeric matrix: Computer modeling and experiment SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION GRATINGS FORMATION; OPTICAL-PHASE CONJUGATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; THIN-FILMS; AZOBENZENE CHROMOPHORES; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; LIGHT; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; GENERATION; MOLECULES AB We use the recently formulated hypothesis of semi-intercalation of an azo-dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) into a biopolymeric material made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complexed with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTMA) to model the unique photochromic properties of the DR1:DNA-CTMA system. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations accurately reproduce the main experimental results of laser dynamic inscription of diffraction gratings in this photochromic material: short response time, low diffraction efficiency, single-exponential kinetics and flat wavelength dependence. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pawlik, Grzegorz; Mitus, Antoni C.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw; Miniewicz, Andrzej] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitus, AC (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM antoni.mitus@pwr.wroc.pl RI Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw/B-5198-2015; OI Miniewicz, Andrzej/0000-0003-2470-6246 FU European Commission [MRTN-CT-2006-03585]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education [NN 507 475237, NN 507 474537]; Wroclaw University of Technology FX The authors (A. M., J.M.) wish to thank the European Commission through the Human Potential Programme (Marie Curie RTN 'BIMORE'), Grant No. MRTN-CT-2006-03585, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Grant Nos. NN 507 475237 and NN 507 474537) and the Wroclaw University of Technology for financial support. J.G. also wishes to thank the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 484 IS 4-6 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.11.071 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 536NT UT WOS:000273051800046 ER PT J AU Kuo, S Cheng, WT Snyder, A Kossey, P Battis, J AF Kuo, Spencer Cheng, Wei-Te Snyder, Arnold Kossey, Paul Battis, James TI Contrasting O/X-mode heater effects on O-mode sounding echo and the generation of magnetic pulsations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1ST EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE; DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; FIELD FLUCTUATIONS; IONOSPHERE; WAVES; INSTABILITIES; EXCITATION AB The effects on the ionosphere of powerful O-mode and X-mode HF pump waves, modulated 3 minutes on and 1 minute off, were explored. The experiments were monitored using the digisonde and magnetometer located at the HAARP facility. The results show that the virtual heights of the O-mode sounding echoes shifted down/up as the O/X mode heater was turned on; the ionosphere also moved downward/ upward accordingly. Enhanced spread-F was also observed in O-mode heater-on periods. Heater-induced magnetic pulsation was observed. Its intensity increased progressively in the heater on/ off sequence and X-mode heater was more effective than O-mode heater in the generation of magnetic pulsation. In the last X-mode heater-on period, when the magnetic pulsation reached the highest level, pc 3 pulsations, with increasing intensity were also observed. Citation: Kuo, S., W.-T. Cheng, A. Snyder, P. Kossey, and J. Battis (2010), Contrasting O/X-mode heater effects on O-mode sounding echo and the generation of magnetic pulsations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01101, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041471. C1 [Kuo, Spencer; Cheng, Wei-Te] New York Univ, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Kossey, Paul; Battis, James] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Snyder, Arnold] NW Res Associates Inc, Stockton Springs, ME 04981 USA. RP Kuo, S (reprint author), New York Univ, Polytech Inst, 6 MetroTech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. FU High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP); Office of Naval Research [ONR-N00014-05-1-0109]; NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. FX We are grateful to Bodo Reinisch and his team members Dima Paznukhov and Ivan Galkin for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), AFRL at Hanscom AFB, MA, and by the Office of Naval Research, grant ONR-N00014-05-1-0109. Part of the financial support was arranged through NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L01101 DI 10.1029/2009GL041471 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 542OZ UT WOS:000273505600005 ER PT J AU Gupta, MK Singamaneni, S McConney, M Drummy, LF Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Gupta, Maneesh K. Singamaneni, Srikanth McConney, Michael Drummy, Lawrence F. Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI A Facile Fabrication Strategy for Patterning Protein Chain Conformation in Silk Materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; FIBROIN FILMS; MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMERIC MATERIALS; FIBERS; BIOMATERIALS; MULTILAYERS; MONOLAYERS AB Patterning of the secondary structure of silk films is achieved on the micrometer scale using a soft lithographic technique, as illustrated in the figure. The alternating areas of silk I and silk II structure have different mechanical, surface, and solubility properties but nominally the same chemical composition. This technique will enable the development of other tailored protein materials with selectively transformed localized secondary structure. C1 [Gupta, Maneesh K.; Singamaneni, Srikanth; McConney, Michael; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gupta, Maneesh K.; Singamaneni, Srikanth; McConney, Michael; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymers Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010; Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research; AFRL/RX FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research and AFRL/RX. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200901275 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 544SY UT WOS:000273680800021 PM 20217709 ER PT J AU White, TJ Bricker, RL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Green, L Li, Q Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Bricker, Rebecca L. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Green, Lisa Li, Quan Bunning, Timothy J. TI Electrically switchable, photoaddressable cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CEPHALOPOD COLORATION MODEL AB We report on the development of photoaddressable cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixtures capable of large range color tuning as well as direct on-off electrical switching. The continuously photoaddressable CLC mixtures are based on a high HTP azo-containing chiral material mixed with an off-the-shelf nematic liquid crystal (QL9/E44). By polymer stabilizing the QL9/E44 mixture, it is demonstrated that the photoaddressable reflection of the notch can be switched on and off with an AC voltage. The novel combination of these effects has potential utility in lasing, dynamic notch filters, and spatial light modulators. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [White, Timothy J.; Bricker, Rebecca L.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bricker, Rebecca L.] SOCHE Inc, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Green, Lisa; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RX) FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RX) for funding. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000173 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 539JE UT WOS:000273249400022 PM 20173836 ER PT J AU Avrutsky, I Soref, R Buchwald, W AF Avrutsky, Ivan Soref, Richard Buchwald, Walter TI Sub-wavelength plasmonic modes in a conductor-gap-dielectric system with a nanoscale gap SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SLOT-WAVE-GUIDE; SURFACE; SILICON; PROPAGATION; POLARITONS; SPASER AB We study guided modes in a conductor-gap-dielectric (CGD) system that includes a low-index dielectric gap layer of deep sub-wavelength thickness sandwiched between a conductor and a high-index dielectric cladding. Analysis of the dispersion equation for CGD modes provides an analytical estimation for the cut-off thickness of the gap layer. This guided mode is unusual because it exists when the gap thickness is less than the cutoff thickness. In the direction normal to the interfaces, the modal electric field is tightly confined within the gap. Sub-wavelength lateral mode confinement is readily provided by a spatial variation of the gap-layer thickness: the modal field localizes at the narrowest gap. Various lateral confinement schemes are proposed and verified by numerical simulations. Possible applications of CGD modes include surface-plasmon nano-lasers (SPASERs) and sensors. If these plasmonic waveguides are scaled for operation at far infrared rather than telecomm wavelengths, then the propagation losses are dramatically reduced, thereby enabling the construction of practical chip-scale plasmonic integrated circuits or PLICs. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Avrutsky, Ivan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Soref, Richard; Buchwald, Walter] USAF, Res Lab, RYHC, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Avrutsky, I (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM ivan.avrutsky@wayne.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager) for sponsoring this in-house research at Hanscom. The first author, I. A., is grateful to AFOSR for support of his sabbatical at AFRL/RYHC. NR 35 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 57 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 348 EP 363 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000348 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 539JE UT WOS:000273249400041 PM 20173855 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Sun, G Ding, YJ Zotova, IB Mandal, KC Mertiri, A Pabst, G Roy, R Fernelius, NC AF Xu, Guibao Sun, Guan Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Mandal, Krishna C. Mertiri, Alket Pabst, Gary Roy, Ronald Fernelius, Nils C. GP IEEE TI Symmetries of Second-Order Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor for GaSe by Investigating THz Generation SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc C1 [Xu, Guibao; Sun, Guan; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Mandal, Krishna C.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mertiri, Alket; Pabst, Gary; Roy, Ronald] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Fernelius, Nils C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work has been supported by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698814 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500088 ER PT J AU Naderi, NA Pochet, MC Grillot, F Shirkhorshidian, A Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Naderi, N. A. Pochet, M. C. Grillot, F. Shirkhorshidian, A. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Manipulation of the Linewidth Enhancement Factor in an Injection-Locked Quantum-Dash Fabry-Perot Laser at 1550nm SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc AB The impact of ultra-strong optical-injection on the linewidth enhancement factor through the threshold gain shift of a Quantum-Dash Fabry-Perot laser at zero-detuning condition is analyzed using theoretical predictions and verified with experimental observations. C1 [Naderi, N. A.; Pochet, M. C.; Shirkhorshidian, A.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Grillot, F.] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, CNRS, INSA, Lab FORON, F-35708 Rennes, France. [Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naderi, NA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM nader@chtm.unm.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU AFRL [FA8750-06-1-0085]; AFOSR [LRIR09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by AFRL under grant # FA8750-06-1-0085. V. Kovanis was funded by AFOSR LRIR09RY04COR. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 427 EP + DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698942 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500215 ER PT J AU Usechak, NG Grupen, M Kovanis, V Naderi, N Li, Y Lester, LF AF Usechak, Nicholas G. Grupen, Matt Kovanis, Vassilios Naderi, N. Li, Y. Lester, Luke F. GP IEEE TI Cavity-Enhanced Modulation in Gain-Lever Semiconductor Lasers SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc ID MECHANISM AB Geometric effects are investigated in a modulated two-section semiconductor laser. The study includes numerical solutions of the traveling-wave equations, a new analytical treatment using delay-differential equations, and the experimental characterization of quantum-dot lasers. C1 [Usechak, Nicholas G.; Grupen, Matt; Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naderi, N.; Li, Y.; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Usechak, NG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.usechak@us.af.mil FU AFOSR LRIR [09RY04COR]; AFRL [FA8750-06-1-0085] FX This work was supported through AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR and AFRL FA8750-06-1-0085. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 523 EP + DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698991 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500262 ER PT S AU Angin, P Bhargava, B Ranchal, R Singh, N Linderman, M Ben Othmane, L Lilien, L AF Angin, Pelin Bhargava, Bharat Ranchal, Rohit Singh, Noopur Linderman, Mark Ben Othmane, Lotfi Lilien, Leszek GP IEEE TI An Entity-centric Approach for Privacy and Identity Management in Cloud Computing SO 2010 29TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SRDS 2010 SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Microsoft Res, IBM, NSF DE active bundles; cloud computing; identity management (IDM); personally identifiable information (PII); anonymous identification; zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP); privacy-enhancing technologies (PET); privacy; security AB Entities (e.g., users, services) have to authenticate themselves to service providers (SPs) in order to use their services. An entity provides personally identifiable information (PII) that uniquely identifies it to an SP. In the traditional application-centric Identity Management (IDM) model, each application keeps trace of identities of the entities that use it. In cloud computing, entities may have multiple accounts associated with different SPs, or one SP. Sharing PIIs of the same entity across services along with associated attributes can lead to mapping of PIIs to the entity. We propose an entity-centric approach for IDM in the cloud. The approach is based on: (1) active bundles-each including a payload of PII, privacy policies and a virtual machine that enforces the policies and uses a set of protection mechanisms to protect themselves; (2) anonymous identification to mediate interactions between the entity and cloud services using entity's privacy policies. The main characteristics of the approach are: it is independent of third party, gives minimum information to the SP and provides ability to use identity data on untrusted hosts. C1 [Angin, Pelin; Bhargava, Bharat; Ranchal, Rohit; Singh, Noopur] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Linderman, Mark] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Ben Othmane, Lotfi; Lilien, Leszek] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Angin, P (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pangin@purdue.edu; bbshail@purdue.edu; rranchal@purdue.edu; singh91@purdue.edu; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil; lotfi.benothmane@wmich.edu; leszek.lilien@wmich.edu OI ben Othmane, Lotfi/0000-0003-0883-7844 FU AFRL; NGC Corp FX This research was supported by a contract from AFRL and NGC Corp. The authors at Purdue University are listed alphabetically by their last names. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4250-8 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2010 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2010.28 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO39 UT WOS:000287486100020 ER PT S AU Xu, B Linderman, M Madria, S Wolfson, O AF Xu, Bo Linderman, Mark Madria, Sanjay Wolfson, Ouri GP IEEE TI A Tactical Information Management Middleware for Resource-constrained Mobile P2P Networks SO 2010 29TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SRDS 2010 SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Microsoft Res, IBM, NSF AB In this paper we provide an architecture for Tactical Information Middleware for bandwidth constrained information management. We propose the ideas of rank-based data dissemination, and the use of a tactical information management query language. These ideas will deal with dynamic changes in bandwidth and explore opportunistic data dissemination. Thus, will lead to a cross layer design of a system capable of handling the dynamic data management issues relevant in many mission critical applications. C1 [Xu, Bo; Wolfson, Ouri] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Linderman, Mark] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Madria, Sanjay] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Xu, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. FU NSF [DGE-0549489, IIS-0957394, IIS-0847680] FX Research supported by NSF DGE-0549489, IIS-0957394, and IIS-0847680. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4250-8 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2010 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2010.41 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO39 UT WOS:000287486100033 ER PT S AU Ahmed, N Linderman, M Bryant, J AF Ahmed, Norman Linderman, Mark Bryant, Jason GP IEEE TI Towards Mobile Data Streaming in Service Oriented Architecture SO 2010 29TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SRDS 2010 SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Microsoft Res, IBM, NSF DE Service Oriented Architecture (SOA); Mobile Data Streaming; Services; Service Level Agreement (SLA); Streaming Architecture AB Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural pattern providing agility to align technical solutions to modular business services that are decoupled from service consumers. Service capabilities such as interface options, quality of service (QoS), throughput, security and other constraints are described in the Service Level Agreement (SLA) that would typically be published in the service registry (UDDI) for use by consumers and/or mediation mechanisms. For mobile data streaming applications, problems arise when a service provider's SLA attributes cannot be mapped one-to-one to the service consumers (i.e. 150MB/sec video stream service provider to 5MB/sec data consumer). In this paper we present a generic framework prototype for managing and disseminating streaming data within a SOA environment as an alternative to custom service implementations based upon specific consumers or data types. Based on this framework, we implemented a set of services: Stream Discovery Service, Stream Multiplexor / Demultiplexor (routing) Service, Stream Brokering Service, Stream Repository Service and Stream Filtering Service to demonstrate the flexibility of such a streaming data framework within SOA environment. C1 [Ahmed, Norman; Linderman, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Bryant, Jason] ITT Corp, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ahmed, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Norman.Ahmed@rl.af.mil; Mark.Linderman@rl.af.mil; Jason.Bryant.Ctr@rl.af.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4250-8 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2010 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2010.45 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO39 UT WOS:000287486100037 ER PT S AU Mehresh, R Upadhyaya, SJ Kwiat, K AF Mehresh, Ruchika Upadhyaya, Shambhu J. Kwiat, Kevin GP IEEE TI A Multi-Step Simulation Approach Toward Secure Fault Tolerant System Evaluation SO 2010 29TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SRDS 2010 SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Microsoft Res, IBM, NSF DE Architecture; Fault Tolerance; Modeling; Security; Simulation AB As new techniques of fault tolerance and security emerge, so does the need for suitable tools to evaluate them. Generally, the security of a system can be estimated and verified via logical test cases, but the performance overhead of security algorithms on a system needs to be numerically analyzed. The diversity in security methods and design of fault tolerant systems make it impossible for researchers to come up with a standard, affordable and openly available simulation tool, evaluation framework or an experimental test-bed. Therefore, researchers choose from a wide range of available modeling-based, implementation-based or simulation-based approaches in order to evaluate their designs. All of these approaches have certain merits and several drawbacks. For instance, development of a system prototype provides a more accurate system analysis but unlike simulation, it is not highly scalable. This paper presents a multi-step, simulation-based performance evaluation methodology for secure fault tolerant systems. We use a divide-and-conquer approach to model the entire secure system in a way that allows the use of different analytical tools at different levels of granularity. This evaluation procedure tries to strike a balance between the efficiency, effort, cost and accuracy of a system's performance analysis. We demonstrate this approach in a step-by-step manner by analyzing the performance of a secure and fault tolerant system using a JAVA implementation in conjunction with the ARENA simulation. C1 [Mehresh, Ruchika; Upadhyaya, Shambhu J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Mehresh, R (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM rmehresh@buffalo.edu; shambhu@buffalo.edu; kwiatk@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [200821J] FX This work was supported in part by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Grant No. 200821J. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4250-8 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2010 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2010.53 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO39 UT WOS:000287486100045 ER PT S AU Ranchal, R Bhargava, B Ben Othmane, L Lilien, L Kim, A Kang, MO Linderman, M AF Ranchal, Rohit Bhargava, Bharat Ben Othmane, Lotfi Lilien, Leszek Kim, Anya Kang, Myong Linderman, Mark GP IEEE TI Protection of Identity Information in Cloud Computing without Trusted Third Party SO 2010 29TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SRDS 2010 SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Microsoft Res, IBM, NSF DE active bundle; computing predicates; cloud computing; identity management system; multi-party computing; privacy; security AB Cloud computing allows the use of Internet-based services to support business processes and rental of IT-services on a utility-like basis. It offers a concentration of resources but also poses risks for data privacy. A single breach can cause significant loss. The heterogeneity of "users" represents a danger of multiple, collaborative threats. In cloud computing, entities may have multiple accounts associated with a single or multiple service providers (SPs). Sharing sensitive identity information (that is, Personally Identifiable information or PII) along with associated attributes of the same entity across services can lead to mapping of the identities to the entity, tantamount to privacy loss. Identity management (IDM) is one of the core components in cloud privacy and security and can help alleviate some of the problems associated with cloud computing. Available solutions use trusted third party (TTP) in identifying entities to SPs. The solution providers do not recommend the usage of their solutions on untrusted hosts. We propose an approach for IDM, which is independent of TTP and has the ability to use identity data on untrusted hosts. The approach is based on the use of predicates over encrypted data and multi-party computing for negotiating a use of a cloud service. It uses active bundle-which is a middleware agent that includes PII data, privacy policies, a virtual machine that enforces the policies, and has a set of protection mechanisms to protect itself. An active bundle interacts on behalf of a user to authenticate to cloud services using user's privacy policies. C1 [Ranchal, Rohit; Bhargava, Bharat] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ben Othmane, Lotfi; Lilien, Leszek] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Kim, Anya] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Linderman, Mark] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Ranchal, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rranchal@purdue.edu; bbshail@purdue.edu; lotfi.benothmane@wmich.edu; leszek.lilien@wmich.edu; anya.kim@nrl.navy.mil; myong.kang@nrl.navy.mil; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil OI ben Othmane, Lotfi/0000-0003-0883-7844 FU AFRL; NGC Corp FX This research was supported by a contract from AFRL and NGC Corp. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4250-8 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2010 BP 368 EP 372 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2010.57 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO39 UT WOS:000287486100046 ER PT S AU Annamalai, A Matyjas, J Medley, M AF Annamalai, A. Matyjas, J. Medley, M. GP IEEE TI Integrated Design of Hierarchical Modulation and Retransmission Diversity for Multimedia Wireless Networks SO 2010 7TH IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE-CCNC 2010 SE IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference CY JAN 09-12, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, Samsung, Nokia AB The current and future wireless systems need to support a multitude of services with a wide range of data rates and reliability requirements. The limited battery resource at the mobile terminals coupled with the hostile multipath fading channel makes the problem of providing reliable multimedia services challenging. In this article, we develop a novel method to mechanize a prioritized unicast transmission at the physical layer in response to the disparate quality of service requirements for multimedia traffic (imposed by upper layers) and investigate how the unequal bit error protection offered by multiresolution modulation is capitalized at the data link layer to yield a substantial throughput gain and minimize the packet loss probability of the "more important" packets in an integrated voice/data and delay-sensitive applications (especially in poor and moderate channel conditions). However, there exists a slight throughput penalty in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime due to competitive nature of the "optimal reliable signaling rate" in an unknown time-varying channel. C1 [Annamalai, A.] Prairie View A&M Univ, ARO Ctr Battlefield Commun, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Matyjas, J.; Medley, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Annamalai, A (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, ARO Ctr Battlefield Commun, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM aaannamalai@pvamu.edu FU US Army Research Office [W911NF-04-2-0054]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship program [FA9550-04-C-0141] FX This work is supported in part by funding from the US Army Research Office to CeBCom under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-04-2-0054 and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship program (Contract #FA9550-04-C-0141). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Army Research Office, or the US Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2331-9852 BN 978-1-4244-5175-3 J9 CONSUM COMM NETWORK PY 2010 BP 673 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRI28 UT WOS:000282765100151 ER PT S AU Oppenheimer, MW Sigthorsson, DO Doman, DB AF Oppenheimer, Michael W. Sigthorsson, David O. Doman, David B. GP IEEE TI CONTROLLABILITY ANALYSIS FOR A FLAPPING-WING MAV WITH POWER AND CONTROL ACTUATORS SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB The world's first robotic insect capable of vertical takeoff was developed and demonstrated by the Harvard Microrobotics Lab. This vehicle consisted of a single power actuator that drove both wings symmetrically. In this case, there was no method to generate body torques, only lift could be modulated. The Harvard Microrobotics Lab has modified this configuration to include not only a single power actuator, but also control actuators for each wing, with the ultimate goal of being able to generate body torques. The objective of this work is to analyze the controllability of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle equipped with a power actuator to provide the mechanical power for flapping as well as left and right control actuators. The control actuators cause a small displacement of the wing root which causes a change to the wing kinematics, such that pitch and yaw torques can be generated. C1 [Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Sigthorsson, David O.; Doman, David B.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oppenheimer, MW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, 2210 8th St,Ste 21, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Sigthorsson@afmcx.net; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187900004 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Risk-Averse Based Paradigms for Uncertainty Forecast and Management in Differential Games of Persistent Disruptions and Denials SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB The present work includes the development of a multi-agent game-theoretic model and closed-form risk-averse strategies of sense and avoid for responsive sensor resources management. The model is intended to provide appropriate scenarios for teaming and cooperation of multiple sensor agents, targeting applications in surveillance, exploration and cooperative manipulation. The essential contribution is twofold. First, the robustness of distributed data collection is addressed by using innovative paradigms for performance uncertainty forecast and management. Second, the efficiency of sensing resources is enhanced by the realization of benefit and risk perceptions for tradeoffs between performance benefits and risks in conjunction of the attainment of risk-averse and efficient Pareto sense and avoid tactics despite of persistent disruptions from the uncooperative pursuers and active denials from the evasive objects. Finally, potential users of the model proposed herein are operations researchers with definite interest in exploring the capabilities, limitations, and performance envelopes of various decision strategies and algorithms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 842 EP 849 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901038 ER PT S AU Erwin, RS Albuquerque, P Jayaweera, SK Hussein, I AF Erwin, R. Scott Albuquerque, Paul Jayaweera, Sudharman K. Hussein, Islam GP IEEE TI Dynamic Sensor Tasking for Space Situational Awareness SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB This paper examines the problem of tracking multiple spacecraft using a combination of ground- and space-based sensors. The problem is formulated in a simplified two-dimensional setting to reduce computational complexity while retaining elements of the problem that pose theoretical or practical difficulties (such as inverse square-law dynamics). As a baseline approach for comparision purposes, a centralized Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) estimator is used to provide position/velocity estimates of all tracked objects. These estimates and their associated covariances are used to execute a closed-loop sensor tasking approach to determine which sensors will track which objects. A tasking approach from the literature is utilized as a baseline methodology and compared to an ad-hoc modification which may offer improved performance in certain situations. The paper concludes with a numerical example demonstrating the approaches as well as a summary of avenues for future research. C1 [Erwin, R. Scott] USAF, Res Laboaratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Albuquerque, Paul] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jayaweera, Sudharman K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hussein, Islam] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Erwin, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Laboaratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 1153 EP 1158 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901088 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Mutlu, G AF Pachter, Meir Mutlu, Guner GP IEEE TI The Navigation Potential of Ground Feature Tracking for Aircraft Navigation SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB Inertial Navigation System ( INS) aiding using bearing - only measurements of stationary ground features is investigated. The objective is to quantify the navigation information obtained by tracking ground features over time. The answer is provided by an analysis of the attendant observability problem. The degree of INS aiding action is determined by the degree of observability provided by the measurement arrangement. The latter is strongly influenced by the nature of the available measurements - in our case, bearing measurements of stationary ground objects - the trajectory of the aircraft, and the length of the measurement interval. It is shown that during wings level flight at constant speed and a fixed altitude, and when one known ground object is tracked, the observability Grammian is rank deficient and thus full INS aiding action is not available. However, if at least two known ground features are simultaneously tracked the observability Grammian is full rank and all the components of the navigation state vector are positively impacted by the external measurements. C1 [Pachter, Meir; Mutlu, Guner] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technoly, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technoly, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 3975 EP 3979 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187904060 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Pursuit-Evasion under Adversarial Confrontations-Part I: Performance-Measure Statistics in Linear-Quadratic Differential Games SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB The research proposes a new method of assessing performance risk and uncertainty with high confidence for a linear-quadratic class of stochastic pursuit-evasion on the basis of multi-player confrontations and competitions. The proposed method to characterize higher-order performance uncertainties for this class of differential games is enabled by three prerequisites: 1) the Know-How related to competence; 2) the Know-How-to-Cooperate for coordination between activities; and 3) the performance-measure statistics for coalitional performance robustness capturing adversarial elements from competitive teams and stochastic surprises from stationary environments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 5526 EP 5531 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187905152 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, Robert A. Yaghjian, Arthur D. GP IEEE TI Complex Waves on Three-Dimensional Periodic Arrays of Lossy or Lossless Magnetodielectric Spheres SO 2010 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) CY DEC 07-10, 2010 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, IEEE MTT S, IEEE AP S, EuMA, URSI, IEEE MTT S Japan Kansai Nagoya Chapters, IEICE Tech Grp Microwaves, IEICE Tech Grp Microwave Simulator Technol, Japan Inst Elect Packaging, Japan Soc Electromagnet Wave Energy Applicat, IEEJ Res Comm Millimeter Wave Engn & Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn DE Terms complex waves; effective (bulk) parameters; magnetodielectric spheres; metamaterials; periodic arrays AB The dispersion equation is derived and solved for the complex propagation constants of traveling waves (eigenmodes) supported by three-dimensional, infinite, periodic arrays of identical, electrically small, lossy or lossless, magnetodielectric spheres. Expressions are obtained for the effective permittivity and permeability of the arrays in frequency regions where the arrays can be regarded as continuous, homogeneous, isotropic media. C1 [Shore, Robert A.; Yaghjian, Arthur D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.shore@hanscom.af.mil; a.yaghjian@verizon.net FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-4-902339-22-2 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2010 BP 983 EP 986 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG9WK UT WOS:000394046200240 ER PT J AU Massman, JP Havrilla, MJ Whites, KW Hyde, MW AF Massman, Jeffrey P. Havrilla, Michael J. Whites, Keith W. Hyde, Milo W. GP IEEE TI A Stepped Flange Waveguide Technique for Determining Tapered R-Card Sheet Impedance SO 2010 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) CY DEC 07-10, 2010 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, IEEE MTT S, IEEE AP S, EuMA, URSI, IEEE MTT S Japan Kansai Nagoya Chapters, IEICE Tech Grp Microwaves, IEICE Tech Grp Microwave Simulator Technol, Japan Inst Elect Packaging, Japan Soc Electromagnet Wave Energy Applicat, IEEJ Res Comm Millimeter Wave Engn & Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn DE Terms Impedance Sheet; Tapered R-card; EMC/EMI; Material Characterization; Lossy Film ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB This paper introduces a reduced aperture flange waveguide technique capable of simultaneously measuring both reflection and transmission coefficients in order to characterize the tapered sheet impedance of a film in a nondestructive manner. This specialized technique employs a stepped flange waveguide and modal analysis approach in order to approximately treat the tapered film as a piecewise-homogeneous material. The main objective is to concentrate the incident electromagnetic energy into a smaller sample area of the tapered film clamped between two flanges. With the theoretical scattering parameters generated through the modal analysis, an iterative root search algorithm is utilized to extract the complex material parameters to achieve an effective sheet impedance profile for the tapered film Experimental measurements are conducted with standard precision X-hand (8.2 GHz to 12.4 (GHz) waveguide components for validation, though the approach may be extended to additional frequency bands. C1 [Massman, Jeffrey P.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Hyde, Milo W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Whites, Keith W.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Lab Appl Electromagnet & Commun, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Massman, JP (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.massman@eglin.af.mil; michael.havrilla@afit.edu; whites@sdsmt.edu; milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-4-902339-22-2 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2010 BP 1769 EP 1772 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG9WK UT WOS:000394046200427 ER PT J AU Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Berry, P. A. Schepler, K. L. GP IEEE TI High-Power, Widely Tunable Cr(2+):ZnSe Laser SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate high-power (4 W), widely-tunable (400 nm) polycrystalline Cr(2+):ZnSe CW laser system utilizing an astigmatically-compensated Littrow-configuration cavity design. Using an etalon, linewidths as low as 2 nm were achieved. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Berry, P. A.; Schepler, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berry, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.berry@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600173 ER PT J AU Drachev, VP Tiwald, T Borneman, J Xiao, SM Kildishev, AV Shalaev, VM Urbas, A AF Drachev, Vladimir P. Tiwald, Tom Borneman, Josh Xiao, Shumin Kildishev, Alexander V. Shalaev, Vladimir M. Urbas, Augustine GP IEEE TI Bi-anisotropy of optical metamagnetics studied with spectroscopic ellipsometry SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Sub-wavelength gratings of paired Ag strips are measured and analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and show significant angular dependence of the electric and magnetic resonance properties, along with evidence of bi-anisotropy. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Drachev, Vladimir P.; Borneman, Josh; Xiao, Shumin; Kildishev, Alexander V.; Shalaev, Vladimir M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tiwald, Tom] JA Wollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Drachev, VP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vdrachev@ecn.purdue.edu FU AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program FX This work was supported by the AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603274 ER PT J AU Hudek, KM Farkas, DM Salim, EA Segal, SR Squires, MB Anderson, DZ AF Hudek, Kai M. Farkas, Daniel M. Salim, Evan A. Segal, Stephen R. Squires, Matthew B. Anderson, Dana Z. GP IEEE TI A Compact, Moveable, Microchip-Based System for High Repetition Rate Production of Bose-Einstein Condensates SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We present a compact, moveable system for producing Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) on an integrated microchip. The system occupies 0.4 m(3) and operates as fast as 0.3 Hz. Condensates of 1.9 x 10(4) atoms in Rb-87 have been demonstrated. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hudek, Kai M.; Farkas, Daniel M.; Salim, Evan A.; Segal, Stephen R.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hudek, Kai M.; Farkas, Daniel M.; Salim, Evan A.; Segal, Stephen R.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Squires, Matthew B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Hudek, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kai.hudek@colorado.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603023 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, JC Kaspi, R Gianardi, DM AF Ongstad, A. P. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Chavez, J. C. Kaspi, R. Gianardi, D. M. GP IEEE TI High-brightness from Unstable Resonator mid-IR semiconductor lasers SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We describe high-brightness, broad area midinfrared semiconductor lasers. The laser structures incorporated 14 type-II quantum wells imbedded in thick waveguide/absorber regions composed of InGaAsSb. The optically pumped devices achieved higher brightness operation as unstable resonators (UR). The UR's were fabricated by polishing a diverging cylindrical mirror on one of the facets. For a 4 mm UR operating at lambda=4.7 mu m and at 35 x threshold the device was observed to be diffraction limited. In comparison a standard Fabry-Perot laser was many times diffraction limited. C1 [Ongstad, A. P.; Dente, G. C.; Tilton, M. L.; Chavez, J. C.; Kaspi, R.; Gianardi, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL DELS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Andrew.ongstad@Kirtland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601219 ER PT J AU Pochet, M Naderi, NA Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Pochet, M. Naderi, N. A. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Optically Injected Quantum Dash Lasers at 1550nm Employed as Highly Tunable Photonic Oscillators SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Experimental investigation of an optically-injected quantum-dash laser's operational map shows large regions of period-one operation. The enhanced and undamped relaxation oscillations of the period-one state are discussed as a building block for tunable photonic oscillators. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Pochet, M.; Naderi, N. A.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochet, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM mpochet@unm.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601429 ER PT J AU Pulford, B Shay, T Baker, J Flores, A Robin, C Vergien, LC Zeringue, C Gallant, D Sanchez, AD Lu, C Lucero, A AF Pulford, Benjamin Shay, Thomas Baker, Jeff Flores, Angel Robin, Craig Vergien, Lt Chris Zeringue, Clint Gallant, David Sanchez, Anthony D. Lu, Chunte Lucero, Art GP IEEE TI Phase Locking an Array of Fiber Amplifiers onto a Remote Object SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID BEAM COMBINATION AB Experiments demonstrating a novel technique that coherently combines an array of beams and automatically corrects for turbulence in the beam path are presented. This technique is insensitive to near field backscattering from aerosols and particulates. C1 [Pulford, Benjamin; Shay, Thomas; Flores, Angel; Robin, Craig; Vergien, Lt Chris; Zeringue, Clint; Sanchez, Anthony D.; Lu, Chunte] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Baker, Jeff; Gallant, David; Lucero, Art] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pulford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601098 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Sun, G Ding, YJ Zotova, IB Mandal, KC Mertiri, A Pabst, G Fernelius, N AF Xu, Guibao Sun, Guan Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Mandal, Krishna C. Mertiri, Alket Pabst, Gary Fernelius, Nils GP IEEE TI Investigation of Symmetries of Second-Order Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor Based on THz Generation SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID GASE AB We demonstrate that THz generation can be a sensitive technique for investigating symmetries of second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Guibao; Sun, Guan; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Mandal, Krishna C.; Mertiri, Alket; Pabst, Gary] EIC Labs, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Fernelius, Nils] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603031 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Sun, G Ding, YJJ Zotova, IB Mandal, KC Mertiri, A Pabst, G Fernelius, N AF Xu, Guibao Sun, Guan Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Mandal, Krishna C. Mertiri, Alket Pabst, Gary Fernelius, Nils GP IEEE TI THz Generation from Monoclinic Centrosymmetric GaTe Crystals Pumped across Bandgap due to Carrier Unidirectional Diffusion SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID EFFICIENT AB We have observed unique polarization and azimuth-angle characteristics of THz waves, generated from anisotropic monoclinic GaTe when pump photon energy is below and above its bandgap, due to carrier unidirectional diffusion. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Guibao; Sun, Guan; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArlLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Mandal, Krishna C.; Mertiri, Alket; Pabst, Gary] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Fernelius, Nils] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600243 ER PT S AU Gao, KK Batalama, SN Pados, DA Suter, BW AF Gao, Kanke Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Suter, Bruce W. BE Matthews, MB TI Compressed Sensing using Generalized Polygon Samplers SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Belief propagation; bipartite graphs; compressed sensing; compressive sampling; finite geometry; generalized polygons; Nyquist sampling; sparse signals ID SUM-PRODUCT ALGORITHM; SIGNAL RECOVERY AB We propose new deterministic low-storage constructions of compressive sampling matrices based on classical finite-geometry generalized polygons. For the noiseless measurements case, we develop a novel exact-recovery algorithm for strictly sparse signals that utilizes the geometry properties of generalized polygons and exhibits complexity linear in the sparsity value. In the presence of measurement noise, recovery of the generalized-polygon sampled signals can be carried out effectively using a belief propagation algorithm. C1 [Gao, Kanke; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] IFGC, Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Pados, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kgao@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; bruce.suter@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-09-1-0197] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-09-1-0197. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000068 ER PT S AU Hardy, TJ Martin, RK Thomas, RW AF Hardy, Tyler J. Martin, Richard K. Thomas, Ryan W. BE Matthews, MB TI Malicious Node Detection via Physical Layer Data SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB There are many mechanisms that can cause inadequate or unreliable information in sensor networks. A user of the network might be interested in detecting and classifying specific sensors nodes causing these problems. There are many network layer based trust mechanisms in the literature to assess these issues; in contrast this work develops physical layer based trust metrics to detect non-functioning nodes. The context will be "wireless network discovery," which refers to modeling all layers of a non-cooperative wireless network. In particular, the localization of transmitters and the detection of sensors affecting the localization. A model for non-functioning sensors and two methods of detection are developed. The methods of detection are analyzed with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, and the sensor node trade-off of detection versus localization error is discussed. C1 [Hardy, Tyler J.; Martin, Richard K.; Thomas, Ryan W.] USAF, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardy, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM tyler.hardy@afit.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1432 EP 1436 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000266 ER PT S AU Zhang, JJ Ding, Q Kay, S Papandreou-Suppappola, A Rangaswamy, M AF Zhang, Jun Jason Ding, Quan Kay, Steven Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Agile Multi-modal Tracking with Dependent Measurements SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We investigate the target tracking problem of adapting asymmetric multi-modal sensing operation platforms using radio frequency (RF) radar and electro-optical (EO) sensors. Although the multi-modality framework allows for the integration of complementary information, there are many challenges to overcome, including targets with different energy returns, and information loss due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or due to dependent measurements from different sensors that are not appropriately processed. We develop the particle filter (PF) based recursive track before detect (TBD) algorithm for joint RF-EO tracking to avoid loss of information caused by matched filter thresholding at low SNR. A waveform optimization technique is integrated into the PF-TBD to allow for adaptive waveform selection. We also approximate distributions of parameters of dependent RF and EO measurements using the embedded exponential family (EEF) approach to further improve target detection and tracking performance. C1 [Zhang, Jun Jason; Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ding, Quan; Kay, Steven] Univ Rhode Islan, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed, Kingston, RI USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Zhang, JJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX This work was supported by the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) under contract No. FA8650-08-D-1303 to Dynetics, Inc. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1653 EP 1657 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000306 ER PT S AU Kay, S Ding, Q Rangaswamy, M AF Kay, Steven Ding, Quan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Sensor Integration for Classification SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Exponential family; classification; joint PDF; sensor integration ID FUSION AB In the problem of sensor integration, an important issue is to estimate the joint PDF of the measurements of sensors. However in practice, we may not have enough training data to have a good estimate. In this paper, we have constructed the joint PDF using an exponential family for classification. This method only requires the PDF under a reference hypothesis. Its performance has shown to be as good as the estimated maximum a posteriori probability classifier which requires more information. This shows a wide application of our method in classification because less information is needed than existing methods. C1 [Kay, Steven; Ding, Quan] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kay, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM kay@ele.uri.edu; dingqqq@ele.uri.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX This work was supported by the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) under contract number FA8650-08-D-1303 to Dynetics, Inc. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1658 EP 1661 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000307 ER PT S AU Bhat, SS Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Bhat, Surendra S. Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Design and Performance of a Multimodal Radar Test-Bed for Progressive Resolution Enhancement SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper describes the architecture of an adaptive multimodal radar sensor that is capable of progressively varying its range resolution depending upon the target scattering features. It consists of a test-bed that will enable the generation of linear frequency modulated waveforms of various bandwidths. This paper discusses the design of the radar and the experimental results obtained from field testing. C1 [Bhat, Surendra S.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhat, SS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ssb166@psu.edu; ram@engr.psu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@wpafb.af.mil FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) [FA8650-08-D-1303] FX This work was supported by the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYRT) under contract number FA8650-08-D-1303 to Dynetics, Inc. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1667 EP 1671 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000309 ER PT S AU Alqadah, HF Ferrara, MA Fan, H Parker, JT AF Alqadah, Hatim F. Ferrara, Matthew A. Fan, Howard Parker, Jason T. BE Matthews, MB TI A Modified Total Variation Approach for Single Frequency Inverse Scattering SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ALGORITHM AB The Linear Sampling Method (LSM) is a relatively novel method of solving the inverse acoustic or electromagnetic scattering problem. The linear formulation of the inverse problem, which is due to an exact linear relationship that is satisfied by far-field data, makes LSM imaging in the presence of multiple scattering a straightforward linear algebra procedure. The main drawback of the LSM is its dependence on copious data. In this work we seek to improve LSM reconstruction performance by considering undersampled single frequency multi-static far-field data coupled with a spatial gradient constraint on the regularized image. The resulting total-variation-type optimization problem is then solved by means of an alternating minimization scheme. C1 [Alqadah, Hatim F.; Fan, Howard] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Ferrara, Matthew A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, ATR Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parker, Jason T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Radar Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alqadah, HF (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM alqadahf@email.uc.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Initiative (DAGSI); AFOSR laboratory task under the direction of Arje Nachman; AFRL Sensors Directorate 6.2-level FX H.A. was supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Initiative (DAGSI). M.F. is supported by an AFOSR laboratory task under the direction of Arje Nachman as well as AFRL Sensors Directorate 6.2-level project funding. The authors would like to thank Arje Nachman for suggesting the approach proposed in this paper and Edmund Zelnio for stimulating discussions related to sparsity- enhanced imaging. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect offcial policy of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1812 EP 1816 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000336 ER PT S AU Huie, LM Fowler, ML AF Huie, Lauren M. Fowler, Mark L. BE Matthews, MB TI A Closed Form for False Location Injection under Time Difference of Arrival SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Emitter Location; Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA); Fisher Information; False Data; Information Injection ID EMITTER LOCATION; DOPPLER AB We consider a sensor network, which in the presence of a rogue sensor, is tasked with estimating emitter location under the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method. The rogue seeks to maximally degrade estimation accuracy by injecting a single false report of sensor position. Our closed form solution gives a set of false positions that minimize the network's Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). We find that the rogue sensor should report a false position along the vector pointing from the emitter to its valid paired sensor. Further, a method for finding the false location that not only minimizes the FIM but is also robust to the location network's ability to detect and reject erroneous TDOA measurements is developed. C1 [Huie, Lauren M.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Fowler, Mark L.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Huie, LM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM lauren.huie@rl.af.mil; mfowler@binghamton.edu FU AFOSR LRIR [09RI02COR] FX This work is supported in part by AFOSR LRIR 09RI02COR NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1851 EP 1855 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000344 ER PT S AU Lingg, A Zelnio, E Garber, F Rigling, B AF Lingg, Andrew Zelnio, Ed Garber, Fred Rigling, Brian BE Matthews, MB TI Image Sequence Change Detection via Sparse Representations SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID RECOVERY AB We present a sparsity-based algorithm for image change detection. A series of reference images in conjunction with an orthonormal basis are used to form an overcomplete basis. The mission image can then be represented as a linear combination of reference images and components of the orthonormal basis. We solve for the linear combination that has minimum l(1) norm, encouraging a sparse representation. Components of the solution that lie within the orthonormal basis indicate changes in the mission image. We discuss experiments using this algorithm and the results that were obtained. C1 [Lingg, Andrew; Garber, Fred; Rigling, Brian] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Zelnio, Ed] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lingg, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU AFRL [FA8650-07-D-1220] FX This material is based on research sponsored by AFRL under agreement number FA8650-07-D-1220. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of AFRL or the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 2028 EP 2032 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000377 ER PT S AU Kim, KT AF Kim, Kristopher T. GP IEEE TI Truncation-Error Reduction in Acoustic Spherical Near-Field Scanning SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212404034 ER PT S AU Lo Monte, L Soldovieri, F Akduman, I Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Soldovieri, Francesco Akduman, Ibrahim Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Imaging Under Irregular Terrain Using RF Tomography and Numerical Green Functions SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo; Soldovieri, Francesco] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lo Monte, Lorenzo; Soldovieri, Francesco; Akduman, Ibrahim; Wicks, Michael C.] Consiglio Nazional Ricerche, Naples, Italy. [Wicks, Michael C.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212400117 ER PT S AU O'Donnell, TH Yaghjian, AD Altshuler, EE AF O'Donnell, Terry H. Yaghjian, Arthur D. Altshuler, Edward E. GP IEEE TI Behavior of a Parasitic Supergain Two-Element Array in a Dielectric SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [O'Donnell, Terry H.; Yaghjian, Arthur D.; Altshuler, Edward E.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP O'Donnell, TH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM teresa.odonnell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; arthur.yaghjian.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212403063 ER PT S AU Thomas, EM Heebl, JD Grbic, A AF Thomas, Erin M. Heebl, Jason D. Grbic, Anthony GP IEEE TI Shielded Loops for Wireless Non-Radiative Power Transfer SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Thomas, Erin M.; Grbic, Anthony] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Heebl, Jason D.] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Thomas, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212403024 ER PT S AU Tomasic, B Steyskal, H Herscovici, N AF Tomasic, Boris Steyskal, Hans Herscovici, Naftali GP IEEE TI Dyadic Green's Function for an Electric Current Source in the Unit Cell of a Periodic Structure SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Tomasic, Boris; Steyskal, Hans; Herscovici, Naftali] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212402027 ER PT S AU White, R Cummings, E AF White, Raymond Cummings, Enos GP IEEE TI An Analysis of Rehosting Test Programs to New Test Platforms and the Importance of Test Equipment Tolerance and Functionality Comparisons SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE Rehost; COTS; Testing Specifications; Form; Fit and Function Procurement; Test Tolerances AB A brief review of some issues seen in the replacement of older special production equipment with COTS will be given followed by an in-depth analysis of the rehost of an older program to a new station, the issues found after it was fielded, and an analysis of what the issues were and a solution from the engineering and managerial viewpoints. C1 [White, Raymond; Cummings, Enos] 309 Software Maintenance Grp, SMXG MXDEE 516, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP White, R (reprint author), 309 Software Maintenance Grp, SMXG MXDEE 516, Hill AFB, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100015 ER PT S AU Espinosa, C AF Espinosa, Carlo GP IEEE TI VDATS Establishes Common Approach to ATE Calibration SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE ATE calibration; PATEC; VDATS; TPS AB Two System Test Program Sets (TPS), Digital-Analog (DA) and Radio Frequency (RF) Calibration for the Versatile Depot Automatic Test Station (VDATS) were developed to semi-automate the process of Automated Test Equipment (ATE) calibration. Calibration for ATE in the U. S. Air Force (USAF) is defined as the verification of instrumentation accuracy by comparing the instrument to a known standard. The parametric envelopes are authorized by the Air Force Metrology and Calibration (AFMETCAL) Program Office in the form of the Calibration Measurement Requirement Summary (CMRS) which translate to all of VDATS performance specifications. The CMRS covers VDATS fundamental features and accuracies that are necessary to support Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) or Shop Replaceable Units (SRUs) weapon system testing mission. This paper presents an overview of the software and hardware implementation of the TPS. These are the first and foremost VDATS TPS to utilize the core VDATS System Software (e. g. Automated Test Equipment Graphical User Interface (ATEGUI), Instrument Wrappers, National Instruments LabWindows (TM)/CVI), which are the main requirements for all TPS development hosted onto VDATS. The hardware associated with the calibration TPS includes the Portable Automatic Test Equipment Calibrator (PATEC), PATEC Augmentation (PA-1), Calibration Interface Test Adapter (CAL-ITA), and calibration kits. Since the CMRS for VDATS power supplies and electronic loads require standards outside of the PATEC Core capabilities, a need for the customized rack, PA-1, emerged and will be discussed in this paper. C1 USAF, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Espinosa, C (reprint author), USAF, 420 Richard Ray Blvd,Suite 100, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM carlo.espinosa@robins.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100045 ER PT S AU Galbraith, G Larsen, L AF Galbraith, Geof Larsen, Lynn GP IEEE TI F-15 Jet Fuel Starter and Central Gearbox (JFS and CGB) Test-Cell Re-host Project SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE acceleration; algorithm; analysis; ATE; calibration; control; FFT; F-15; NI-cRIO; PCB; pressure; real-time-operating-system; re-host; safety; self-test; signal-conditioning; thermocouple; torque; tranducer; USB; vibration AB Compact and robust automated testing and control solution for the F-15 Jet Fuel Starter and Central Gearbox assemblies utilizing the NI-cRIO family of instrumentation. System design and implementation being performed on a non-interference basis with the customer's current production schedule. C1 [Galbraith, Geof; Larsen, Lynn] 309 Software Maintenance Grp, SMXS MXDED 516, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Galbraith, G (reprint author), 309 Software Maintenance Grp, SMXS MXDED 516, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100072 ER PT S AU Trejo, M Chabak, KD Poling, B Gilbert, R Crespo, A Gillespie, JK Kossler, M Walker, DE Via, GD Jessen, GH Francis, D Faili, F Babic, D Ejeckam, F AF Trejo, Manuel Chabak, Kelson D. Poling, Brain Gilbert, Ryan Crespo, Antonio Gillespie, James K. Kossler, Mauricio Walker, Dennis E. Via, Glen D. Jessen, Gregg H. Francis, Daniel Faili, Firooz Babic, Dubravko Ejeckam, Felix GP IEEE TI Comparative Study of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Free-Standing Diamond and Silicon Substrates for Thermal Effects SO 2010 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 03-06, 2010 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE HEMT; AlGaN; CVD Diamond; thermal AB In this work, we compare for the first time the performance results of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs processed on a freestanding chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polycrystalline diamond substrate and a silicon substrate with nominally the same epitaxial AlGaN/GaN layers both grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The objective of this work is to compare the small signal and DC trends of the transistors fabricated on the different substrates as a function of temperature. Wafer scale results were obtained from both wafers for 2 x 150 mu m devices with gate lengths of 0.18 mu m and 0.20 mu m for the silicon and CVD diamond wafers respectively. C1 [Trejo, Manuel; Chabak, Kelson D.; Poling, Brain; Gilbert, Ryan; Crespo, Antonio; Gillespie, James K.; Kossler, Mauricio; Walker, Dennis E.; Via, Glen D.; Jessen, Gregg H.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Francis, Daniel; Faili, Firooz; Babic, Dubravko; Ejeckam, Felix] Group4 Labs Inc, Fremont, CA USA. RP Trejo, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4244-7438-7 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTH58 UT WOS:000286942400027 ER PT S AU Kundu, S Su, WF Pados, DA Medley, MJ AF Kundu, Sandipan Su, Weifeng Pados, Dimitris A. Medley, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Fast Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of 4 x 4 Full-Diversity Quasi-Orthogonal STBCs with QAM signals SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE Constellation rotation; diversity product; maximum-likelihood detection; multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications; quadrature amplitude modulation; quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QO-STBC) ID TIME BLOCK-CODES; COMPLEXITY; ALGORITHM; DESIGNS AB In this paper, we present the lowest-computational-complexity maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder known to-date for 4 x 4 full-diversity Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (QO-STBC) with symbols from square or rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. The complexity savings come from a simplified quadratic ML decoding statistic that is being presented and the utilization of the signal points of the QAM constellation. Comparative computational complexity analysis is carried out and a simulation study demonstrates the theoretical equivalence of the proposed and original ML implementation. C1 [Kundu, Sandipan; Su, Weifeng; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Medley, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, RIGF, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Pados, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM skundu@buffalo.edu; weifeng@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; michael.medley@rl.af.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977405091 ER PT S AU Ponnaluri, SP Azimi-Sadjadi, B McCarthy, D Oleski, PJ AF Ponnaluri, Satya Prakash Azimi-Sadjadi, Babak McCarthy, Daniel Oleski, Paul J. GP IEEE TI Cooperative Relaying using OFDM in the Presence of Frequency Offsets SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; DIVERSITY; PROTOCOLS; SYSTEM AB We study the performance of cooperative relaying using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in the presence of frequency offsets due to Doppler shifts and oscillator instabilities. Through this study, several aspects of transmitter and receiver design, including channel coding, subcarrier mapping and channel estimation are brought to light. We develop two linear front-end receiver architectures based on practical single-user OFDM receivers, and demonstrate the performance using simulations under quasi-static multipath fading channel conditions. C1 [Ponnaluri, Satya Prakash; Azimi-Sadjadi, Babak] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [McCarthy, Daniel; Oleski, Paul J.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Ponnaluri, SP (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM sponnaluri@i-a-i.com; babak@i-a-i.com; Daniel.McCarthy@rl.af.mil; Paul.Oleski@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory under SBIR [FA8650-07-C-4519] FX This work was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory under SBIR Contract# FA8650-07-C-4519. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-1052 date 09 Mar 10. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977406006 ER PT S AU Williams, MD Temple, MA Reising, DR AF Williams, McKay D. Temple, Michael A. Reising, Donald R. GP IEEE TI Augmenting Bit-Level Network Security Using Physical Layer RF-DNA Fingerprinting SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB Successful "cracking" of bit-level security compromises network integrity and physical layer augmentation is being investigated to improve overall security. Intra-cellular security is addressed here using device-specific RF "Distinct Native Attribute" (RF-DNA) fingerprints in a localized regional air monitor, with targeted applications including cellular networks such as the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications and last mile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems. Previous work demonstrated GSM inter-manufacturer classification (manufacturer discrimination) using RF-DNA fingerprinting and achieved accuracies of 92% at SNR = 6 dB. These results are extended here for intra-manufacturer classification (serial number discrimination). Historically, intra-manufacturer discrimination has posed the greatest challenge and RF-DNA fingerprinting has been effective with both Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) network signals. Intra-manufacturer GSM results are provided here based on identical signal collection, fingerprint generation, and MDA/ML classification processes used for previous inter-manufacturer assessment. When comparing performance, the trend for GSM intra-manufacturer classification is consistent with previous work for other network-based signals and device classification is much more challenging. For classification accuracies of 80% or better, intra-manufacturer fingerprinting requires an increase of 20 - 25 dB in SNR to achieve inter-manufacturer performance. C1 [Williams, McKay D.; Temple, Michael A.; Reising, Donald R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977403138 ER PT S AU Su, WF Matyjas, JD Batalama, S AF Su, Weifeng Matyjas, John D. Batalama, Stella GP IEEE TI ACTIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN PRIMARY USERS AND COGNITIVE RADIO USERS IN COGNITIVE AD-HOC NETWORKS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Cooperative communications; cognitive radio; ad-hod networks ID DIVERSITY AB In this work, a cognitive cooperative communication protocol is proposed for cognitive ad-hoc networks, in which primary users and cognitive radio (CR) users may cooperate for mutual benefit. The new cooperation protocol allows active cooperation between primary users and CR users in which CR users assist to relay primary users' signals in exchange for some spectrum released from the primary users. While conventional cognitive radios do not guarantee continuous operation of CR users (they use the spectrum only when primary users do not), the protocol proposed in this work provides continuous service for CR users. The proposed cognitive cooperation protocol is optimized in terms of maximizing the primary user's energy savings and the CR user's own data transmission rate. It turns out that the primary users have significantly average energy savings from cooperation (e.g. up to 50% when compared to a non-cooperation case at the same transmission power level), which provides a good incentive for they to cooperate. C1 [Su, Weifeng; Batalama, Stella] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] US Air Force, RIT, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Su, WF (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM weifeng@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil; batalama@buffalo.edu NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 3174 EP 3177 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5496070 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096003029 ER PT S AU Lee, S Su, WF Batalama, S Matyjas, JD AF Lee, Sangkook Su, Weifeng Batalama, Stella Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION FOR ARQ DECODE-AND-FORWARD RELAYING PROTOCOL IN FAST FADING CHANNELS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) protocol; cooperative decode-and-forward relaying; outage probability ID HYBRID-ARQ; DIVERSITY; COOPERATION; NETWORKS AB In this paper, a new analytical approach is developed for the evaluation of the outage probability of decode-and-forward (DF) automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) relaying under packet-rate fading (fast fading) channels. Based on this approach, a closed-form asymptotically tight (as SNR -> infinity) approximation of the outage probability is derived, and the diversity order of the DF cooperative ARQ relay scheme is shown to be equal to 2L - 1, where L is the maximum number of ARQ retransmissions. The closed-form expression clearly shows that the achieved diversity is partially due to the DF cooperative relaying and partially due to the fast fading nature of the channels (temporal diversity). Numerical and simulation studies illustrate the theoretical developments. C1 [Lee, Sangkook; Su, Weifeng; Batalama, Stella] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, RIGE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sklee4@buffalo.edu; weifeng@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 3242 EP 3245 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5496036 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096003045 ER PT S AU Chebira, A Fickus, M Vetterli, M AF Chebira, Amina Fickus, Matthew Vetterli, Martin GP IEEE TI FRAME DOMAIN SIGNAL PROCESSING: FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE frames; orthogonal projection; spectral modification; short-time Fourier transform ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN AB Besides basis expansions, frames representations play a key role in signal processing. We thus consider the problem of frame domain signal processing, which is more complex and challenging than transform domain processing. Examples of such processing abound, from overlap-add/save convolution, to frequency domain LMS, and frame magnitude reconstruction. We develop a unified view of all these situations by using a common Hilbert space view of the problem, and consider algorithms in this common framework. In addition to a synthetic view of multiple signal processing methods in frames, we derive several original results. This include a direct solution to spectral modification (which usually uses an iterative algorithm) and a unicity condition for reconstruction from frame coefficient magnitudes. C1 [Chebira, Amina; Vetterli, Martin] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Comp & Commun Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Fickus, Matthew] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chebira, A (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Comp & Commun Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM amina.chebira@epfl.ch; matthew.fickus@afit.edu; martin.vetterli@epfl.ch RI Vetterli, Martin/B-3612-2010 OI Vetterli, Martin/0000-0002-6122-1216 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-121935]; AFOSR [F1ATA09125G003] FX This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number 200021-121935. Fickus was supported by AFOSR F1ATA09125G003. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 4094 EP 4097 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495739 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096004007 ER PT S AU Su, WF Chen, FY Pados, DA Matyjas, JD AF Su, Weifeng Chen, Fuyu Pados, Dimitris A. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI The Outage Probability and Optimum Power Assignment for Differential Amplify-and-Forward Relaying SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Amplify-and-forward relaying; cooperative communications; differential modulation; outage probability ID COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS; MODULATION; DIVERSITY; NETWORKS AB Differential Amplify-and-Forward (DAF) relaying can be viewed as an attractive cooperative communication strategy for wireless networks where channel estimation is not feasible or it is rather avoided. A new exact outage probability expression is presented herein for DAF relaying that involves only a single integral. Then, an asymptotically tight closed-form approximation is obtained which enables power allocation optimization for the outage behavior of DAF relaying. Numerical and simulation studies validate the theoretical analysis. C1 [Su, Weifeng; Chen, Fuyu; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Rome Air Dev Ctr, US Air Force, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Su, WF (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM weifeng@buffalo.edu; fuyuchen@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUU13 UT WOS:000290335604025 ER PT S AU Wang, WJ Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K AF Wang, Wenjing Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin GP IEEE TI Attacker Detection Game in Wireless Networks with Channel Uncertainty SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE AB Identification and isolation of attackers in a distributed system is a challenging problem. This problem is even more aggravated in a wireless network because the unreliable channel makes the actions of the users ( nodes) hidden from each other. Therefore, legitimate users can only construct a belief about a potential attacker through monitoring and observation. In this paper, we use game theory to study the interactions between regular and attacker nodes in a wireless network. We model the attacker node detection process as a Bayesian game with imperfect information and show that a mixed strategy perfect Bayesian Nash Equilibrium is attainable. Further, we show how an attacker node can construct a nested belief system to predict the belief held by a regular node. By employing the nested belief system, a Markov Perfect Bayes-Nash Equilibrium is reached and the equilibrium postpones the detection of the attacker node. Simulation results and their discussions are provided to illustrate the properties of the derived equilibria. C1 [Wang, Wenjing; Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, WJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM wenjing@eecs.ucf.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0950342]; ITT Advanced Engineering Sciences; distribution unlimited [88ABW-2009-4436] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation, under award no. CCF-0950342 and ITT Advanced Engineering & Sciences. Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited: 88ABW-2009-4436 22 Oct 09. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUU13 UT WOS:000290335600047 ER PT S AU Chung, WH Paluri, S Kumar, S Nagaraj, S Matyjas, JD AF Chung, Wei-Ho Paluri, Seethal Kumar, Sunil Nagaraj, Santosh Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Unequal Error Protection for H.264 Video using RCPC Codes and Hierarchical QAM SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS - ICC 2010 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Unequal Error Protection; Rate-Compatible Punctured Convolutional Code (RCPC); Hierarchical Modulation; H.264/AVC; Video ID PUNCTURED CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES; WIRELESS NETWORKS; BER COMPUTATION; CONSTELLATIONS AB Compressed video data is very sensitive to channel-induced errors and network losses. Most conventional unequal error protection techniques involve forward error correction codes of different rates or asymmetric signal constellations for data of different priorities. It is yet unknown if combining the above two techniques can further improve performance. In this paper, we investigate rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes concatenated with hierarchical QAM for H.264 encoded video sequences. We investigate system constraints and propose an optimization formulation to compute the optimal parameters of the proposed system under the given source significance information. An upper bound to the bit error rate of the proposed system is derived as a function of system parameters, including the code rate and geometry of the constellation. The example shown demonstrates system design for H.264 video, where PSNR improvement is observed. C1 [Chung, Wei-Ho; Paluri, Seethal; Kumar, Sunil; Nagaraj, Santosh] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Chung, WH (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM whc@citi.sinica.edu.tw; smurti1983@gmail.com; skumar@mail.sdsu.edu; snagaraj@mail.sdsu.edu; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil FU AFRL, Rome, NY [88ABW-2009-4999] FX This work was supported by a grant from AFRL, Rome, NY. Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited: 88ABW-2009-4999. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI68 UT WOS:000287029400092 ER PT S AU Kondi, LP Bentley, ES AF Kondi, Lisimachos P. Bentley, Elizabeth S. GP IEEE TI GAME-THEORY-BASED CROSS-LAYER OPTIMIZATION FOR WIRELESS DS-CDMA VISUAL SENSOR NETWORKS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 26-29, 2010 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Visual sensor networks; cross-layer optimization; game theory; Nash bargaining solution; DS-CDMA AB We propose a game-theory-based cross-layer optimization scheme for wireless Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) visual sensor networks. The scheme uses the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS), which assumes that the nodes negotiate, with the help of a centralized control unit, on how to allocate resources. The NBS takes into account the video quality each node could achieve without making an agreement. The cross-layer optimization scheme determines the source coding rate, channel coding rate, and transmission power for each node. We compare the proposed game-theory-based scheme with competing schemes that minimize the average or maximum distortion among the nodes. Experimental results are presented and conclusions are drawn. C1 [Kondi, Lisimachos P.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Comp Sci, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Bentley, Elizabeth S.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Kondi, LP (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Comp Sci, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. FU Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme FX This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-7994-8 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2010 BP 4485 EP 4488 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5652947 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTP82 UT WOS:000287728004132 ER PT S AU Carrano, CS Groves, KM Caton, RG AF Carrano, Charles S. Groves, Keith M. Caton, Ronald G. GP IEEE TI A PHASE SCREEN SIMULATOR FOR PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURE ON SAR IMAGE FORMATION AND INTERFEROMETRY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Radio Scintillation; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Ionospheric Irregularities ID MODEL; SCINTILLATION AB We describe the SAR Scintillation Simulator (SAR-SS), a new phase screen model for simulating the impact of small-scale ionospheric structure on SAR image formation and interferometry. We compare simulated and observed PALSAR imagery over Brazil, and our preliminary findings show that SAR-SS can reproduce the essential features of azimuthal streaking and contrast degradation caused by small-scale structure in the ionosphere. C1 [Carrano, Charles S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Groves, Keith M.] Hanscom AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Bedford, MA USA. [Caton, Ronald G.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Carrano, CS (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Carrano, Charles/0000-0003-1317-2453 FU Air Force [FA8718-09-C-0041] FX The authors thank David Belcher and Neil Rogers for their helpful comments on SAR modeling, Franz Meyer for providing the PALSAR data, and User Systems who extracted the imagery. This work was sponsored by Air Force contract FA8718-09-C-0041. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651485 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800042 ER PT S AU Junek, WN Jones, WL Woods, MT AF Junek, W. N. Jones, W. L. Woods, M. T. GP IEEE TI TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAGMA SUPPLY SYSTEM BENEATH THE OKMOK CALDERA BY INTERFEROMETRIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR AND STATISTICAL SEISMOLOGY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE InSAR; Deformation; Statistical Seismology; b-Value; Mogi Source AB The temporal characteristics of the magma supply system beneath the Okmok caldera is examined using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and statistical seismology. Surface deformation produced by a shallow magma chamber is studied through time series analysis of InSAR imagery acquired between 1995 and 2008 by the ERS-1/2 satellites. A spherical source model (Mogi Source) is utilized to simulate the deformation pattern produced by the shallow magma chamber's fluctuating geometry. Statistical seismology provides an independent estimate of the magma chamber's depth to reduce the non-uniqueness of the Mogi source model solutions. Seismic results show that a shallow magma chamber is located approximately 4.0 km below the caldera floor. InSAR imagery indicates the chamber has expanded continuously between 1997 and 2008. Modeling results suggest that magma replenishment has occurred at an average rate of approximately 7.0x10(-3) km(3)/year and that the volume within the chamber returned to its pre-1997 eruption state by June 2008. C1 [Junek, W. N.; Jones, W. L.] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Woods, M. T.] Patrick AFB, AF Tech Applicat Ctr, Cocoa Beach, FL USA. RP Junek, WN (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652776 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801176 ER PT S AU Miller, E Paulsen, P Pasciuto, M AF Miller, Eric Paulsen, Phillip Pasciuto, Michael GP IEEE TI AUTONOMOUS SATELLITE OPERATIONS VIA SECURE VIRTUAL MISSION OPERATIONS CENTER SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Virtual; Mission Operations; Net-Centric; ORS; Space Effects Management AB The science community is interested in improving their ability to respond to rapidly evolving, transient phenomena via autonomous rapid reconfiguration, which derives from the ability to assemble separate but collaborating sensors and data forecasting systems to meet a broad range of research and application needs. Current satellite systems typically require human intervention to respond to triggers from dissimilar sensor systems. Additionally, satellite ground services often need to be coordinated days or weeks in advance. Finally, the boundaries between the various sensor systems that make up such a Sensor Web are defined by such things as link delay & connectivity, data & error rate asymmetry, data reliability, quality of service provisions, and trust, complicating autonomous operations. Over the past ten years, researchers from NASA's Glenn Research Center, General Dynamics, Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL), Cisco, Universal Space Networks (USN), the US Geological Survey (USGS), the Naval Research Laboratory, the DoD Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Office, and others have worked collaboratively to develop a "virtual" mission operations capability. Called "VMOC" (Virtual Mission Operations Center), this new capability allows cross-system queuing of dissimilar mission unique systems through the use of a common security scheme and published application programming interfaces (APIs). Collaborative VMOC demonstrations over the last several years have supported the standardization of spacecraft to ground interfaces needed to reduce costs, maximize space effects to the user, and allow the generation of new tactics, techniques and procedures that lead to responsive space employment. C1 [Miller, Eric] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, 1515 Iceland St, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. [Paulsen, Phillip] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Pasciuto, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Miller, E (reprint author), Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, 1515 Iceland St, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. EM Eric.miller@gd-ais.com; Phillip.e.paulsen@nasa.gov; Michael.p.pasciuto@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2607 EP 2610 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649363 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802193 ER PT S AU Chen, Y Nasrabadi, NM Tran, TD AF Chen, Yi Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Tran, Trac D. GP IEEE TI SPARSITY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID SUBSPACE DETECTORS; PURSUIT AB In this paper, a new sparsity-based classification algorithm for hyperspectral imagery is proposed. This algorithm is based on the concept that a pixel in hyperspectral imagery lies in a low-dimensional subspace and thus can be represented by a sparse linear combination of the training samples. The sparse representation (a sparse vector representing the selected training samples) of a test sample can be recovered by solving a constrained optimization problem. Once the sparse vector is obtained, the class of the test sample can be directly determined by the behavior of the vector on reconstruction. In addition to the constraints on sparsity and reconstruction accuracy, we also exploit the fact that hyperspectral images are usually smooth within a neighborhood. In our proposed algorithm, a smoothness constraint is imposed by forcing the Laplacian of the reconstructed image to be minimum in the optimization process. The proposed sparsity-based algorithm is applied to several hyperspectral imagery to classify the pixels into target and background classes. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms the classical hyperspectral target detection algorithms, such as the popular spectral matched filters, matched subspace detectors, and adaptive subspace detectors. C1 [Chen, Yi; Tran, Trac D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2796 EP 2799 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649357 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802242 ER PT S AU Yarbrough, AW Mendenhall, MJ Fiorino, ST AF Yarbrough, Allan W. Mendenhall, Michael J. Fiorino, Steven T. GP IEEE TI MEASURING THE ERROR BETWEEN ACTUAL AND ESTIMATED ATMOSPHERICS AND THE EFFECT ON ESTIMATING REFLECTANCE PROFILES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Accurate target detection and classification of hyperspectral imagery require that the measurement by the imager matches as closely as possible the known "true" target as collected under controlled conditions. Therefore, the effect of the radiation source and the atmosphere must be factored out of the result before detection is attempted. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between uncertainty in the estimation of target spectra and uncertainty in the estimation of atmospherics. We apply a range of atmospheric profiles to a MODTRAN-based prediction of the radiative transfer effect. These profiles are taken from known distribution percentiles as obtained from historic meteorological measurements at the chosen site. We calculate the change in radiative transfer effects as measured by the Euclidean distance, given the range of atmospheric conditions in the historic profile, and show that changes in the atmospheric assumptions change the total transmission, spectral radiance, and estimated reflectance. C1 [Yarbrough, Allan W.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fiorino, Steven T.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yarbrough, AW (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Thanks to the Air Force Research Laboratory Hyperspectral Exploitation Cell for sponsoring this work. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3588 EP 3591 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652635 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803186 ER PT S AU Ikuma, T Naraghi-Pour, M Lewis, T AF Ikuma, Takeshi Naraghi-Pour, Mort Lewis, Thomas GP IEEE TI PREDICTIVE QUANTIZATION OF DECHIRPED SPOTLIGHT-MODE SAR RAW DATA IN TRANSFORM DOMAIN SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE SAR data compression; predictive quantization; DPCM; linear prediction; autoregressive analysis ID COMPRESSION AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems collect large volumes of data that must be transmitted to a ground station for storage and processing. However, given the limited bandwidth of the downlink channel it is imperative that SAR data be compressed before transmission. While it is commonly believed that raw SAR data is uncorrelated, it is shown in [1] that the inverse Fourier transform of spotlight-mode SAR exhibits non-negligible correlation that can be exploited in a predictive quantization scheme. In this paper, we propose two predictive quantization algorithms-transform-domain block predictive quantization (TD-BPQ), and transform-domain block predictive vector quantization (TD-BPVQ)-to encode dechirp-on-receive spotlight-mode SAR raw data. Experimental results indicate that, on average, TD-BPQ and TD-BPVQ outperform the well known block adaptive quantization (BAQ) by 5 and 6 dB, respectively. C1 [Ikuma, Takeshi; Naraghi-Pour, Mort] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lewis, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ikuma, T (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU Minority Leaders Program; Air Force Research Laboratory/Clarkson Aerospace Corporation under Prime [FA8650-05-D-1912] FX This work was supported by the Minority Leaders Program of the Air Force Research Laboratory/Clarkson Aerospace Corporation under Prime Contract FA8650-05-D-1912. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3789 EP 3792 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651164 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803237 ER PT S AU Eismann, MT Meola, J Stocker, AD AF Eismann, Michael T. Meola, Joseph Stocker, Alan D. GP IEEE TI Automated Hyperspectral Target Detection and Change Detection from an Airborne Platform: Progress and Challenges SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Over the past five years, the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Space Computer Corporation have supported the Civil Air Patrol in the development of the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) system, which combines a visible/near infrared hyperspectral imaging system, high-resolution panchromatic imaging sensor, a real-time on-board target detection processor and other supporting elements to aid in civilian search-and-rescue missions. The procurement and fielding of the ARCHER system provided useful practical experience in terms of moving hyperspectral remote sensing into an operational context, including areas where further advances are needed. It also provided an airborne collection platform with which to experiment and refine target detection and change detection algorithms to gain greater insight into detection performance. Many of the system and algorithm characteristics and refinements have been reported previously in the literature. This paper attempts to go one step further in providing several of the key lessons-learned from CAP ARCHER experience, with a specific aim to illuminate the areas where further progress is needed and suggest approaches that may address these remaining shortfalls. C1 [Eismann, Michael T.; Meola, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stocker, Alan D.] Spaca Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4354 EP 4357 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654157 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804129 ER PT S AU Ikuma, T Naraghi-Pour, M Lewis, T AF Ikuma, Takeshi Naraghi-Pour, Mort Lewis, Thomas GP IEEE TI AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELING OF DECHIRPED SPOTLIGHT-MODE SAR RAW DATA IN TRANSFORM DOMAIN SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE SAR; data compression; AR model; prediction; estimation ID QUANTIZATION; COMPRESSION AB Raw data collected by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is commonly assumed to be uncorrelated and with a zero-mean Gaussian distribution. In this paper, we show-both analytically and numerically-that the range-wise inverse Fourier transform of the dechirp-on-receive circular SAR data exhibits significant correlation in the azimuth direction. Moreover, we show that a block adaptive autoregressive model well represents the transformed SAR data. C1 [Ikuma, Takeshi; Naraghi-Pour, Mort] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lewis, Thomas] AF Res lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ikuma, T (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Clarkson Aerospace Corporation [FA8650-05-D-1912] FX This work was supported by the Minority Leaders Program of the Air Force Research Laboratory/Clarkson Aerospace Corporation under Prime Contract FA8650-05-D-1912. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4640 EP 4643 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653086 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804204 ER PT J AU Collins, J AF Collins, Jeff GP IEEE TI Engineers Learn to Write: Coaching the Art of Noticing with Writing Samples SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE SE INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference CY JUL 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Twente, Enschede, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE HO Univ Twente AB Instructors often use writing samples as scaffolding to help students understand assignments and the instructor's expectations. This paper combines a close analysis of communication genres with a multivariate statistical analysis of clustering among genres. The aim is to help instructors select effective samples by highlighting genre variation and clustering within a corpus of possible text samples. By "effective" I mean samples that (1) help students with rhetorical invention by giving them a range of options for meeting the writing challenges of the assignment and (2) help students notice and model high-level expertise in "rhetorical priming" [1], a key linguistic component of expert technical writing behavior. The paper's findings and conclusions are relevant to engineering and professional communication instructors charged with meeting the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) accreditation criteria [2] and with helping students understand and gain control of language differences between, for example, proposals, experimental reports, and applied case studies. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Collins, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeff.collins@acm.org NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8144-6 J9 INT PRO COM PY 2010 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1109/IPCC.2010.5529817 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTO42 UT WOS:000287492500012 ER PT S AU Cady, NC Bergkvist, M Fahrenkopf, NM Rice, PZ Van Nostrand, J AF Cady, Nathaniel C. Bergkvist, Magnus Fahrenkopf, Nicholas M. Rice, Philip Z. Van Nostrand, Joseph GP IEEE TI Biologically self-assembled memristive circuit elements SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Circuits and Systems Nano-Bio Circuit Fabrics and Systems (ISCAS 2010) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, CAS, ISEP AB Both TiO2 and HfO2 are common materials for semiconductor fabrication that have shown memristive properties. Nanoparticles of these metal oxides have great prospect to provide nanoscale materials with tunable electronic properties for integration in advanced circuits such as neuromorphic networks based on memristive crossbar elements. We seek to take advantage of the unique interaction between the phosphate end-group of DNA and TiO2/HfO2 nanoparticles to enable a guided assembly of circuit elements via specific nucleotide sequences in a bottom-up fashion. C1 [Cady, Nathaniel C.; Bergkvist, Magnus; Fahrenkopf, Nicholas M.; Rice, Philip Z.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Van Nostrand, Joseph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Cady, NC (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM ncady@uamail.albany.edu FU Air Force Office of Sponsored Research (AFOSR) FX The authors thank R.D. Clark of TEL Technology America, LLC and the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Semiconductor Research for donation of HfO2 coated silicon wafers. We thank JiUng Lee and Zachary Robinson for help with CNT-probe fabrication. Support for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research (AFOSR). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4244-5309-2 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2010 BP 1959 EP 1962 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTL36 UT WOS:000287216002046 ER PT J AU D'yachkov, A Voronina, A Macula, A Renz, T Rykov, V AF D'yachkov, A. Voronina, A. Macula, A. Renz, T. Rykov, V. GP IEEE TI On Critical Relative Distance of DNA Codes for Additive Stem Similarity SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY SE IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 13-13, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID THERMODYNAMICS AB We consider DNA codes based on the nearest-neighbor (stem) similarity model which adequately reflects the "hybridization potential" of two DNA sequences. Our aim is to present a survey of bounds on the rate of DNA codes with respect to a thermodynamically motivated similarity measure called an additive stem similarity. These results yield a method to analyze and compare known samples of the nearest neighbor "thermodynamic weights" associated to stacked pairs that occurred in DNA secondary structures. C1 [D'yachkov, A.; Voronina, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Mech & Math, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Macula, A.; Renz, T.] Air Force Res Lab, IFTC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Rykov, V.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP D'yachkov, A (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Mech & Math, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM agd-msu@yandex.ru; vorronina@gmail.com; macula@geneseo.edu; thomas.renz@rl.af.mil; vrykov@mail.unomaha.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6960-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INFO PY 2010 BP 1325 EP 1329 DI 10.1109/ISIT.2010.5513751 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO49 UT WOS:000287512700267 ER PT J AU Gans, NR Shen, J Curtis, JW AF Gans, N. R. Shen, J. Curtis, J. W. GP IEEE TI Selection Of A UAV Orbit To Keep Multiple Targets In The Camera Field Of View SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL SE IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications Part of 2010 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control CY SEP 08-10, 2010 CL Yokohama, JAPAN ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE; TRACKING; WIND AB Unmanned air vehicles (UAV's) are seeing increased use in many applications. One common problem is keeping a target or region in the view of a camera mounted on an UAV. Keeping multiple targets in view compounds the problem. For a fixed wing UAV, this is further complicated by the forward velocity constraints of the system. This paper presents an initial investigation into such to solve this problem with motion planning algorithms. We propose to search through the space of elliptical orbits that to find one that best keeps multiple targets in view. The search is performed using rapidly expanding trees in the space of possible ellipses. The choice of ellipse is predicated on a pair of cost functions based on the mean and variance of the targets' locations in the camera image. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the ability successfully find an ellipse. C1 [Gans, N. R.; Shen, J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Curtis, J. W.] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32579 USA. RP Gans, NR (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM ngans@utdallas.edu; shen.jinglin@utdallas.edu; jess.curtis@eglin.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed, in part, while Nicholas Gans held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5361-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INTELL PY 2010 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1109/ISIC.2010.5612893 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTS39 UT WOS:000287970400020 ER PT S AU Yahalom, R Moslehi, B Oblea, L Sotoudeh, V Ha, JC AF Yahalom, Ram Moslehi, Behzad Oblea, Levy Sotoudeh, Vahid Ha, J. C. GP IEEE TI Low-Cost, Compact Fiber-Optic Gyroscope for Super-Stable Line-of-Sight Stabilization SO 2010 IEEE-ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM PLANS SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY MAY 04-06, 2010 CL Palm Springs, CA SP IEEE, ION DE Gyro; Fiber Optics Gyro; FOG; Line of Sight; stabilization AB This paper presents a new Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope (IFOG) optimized for Line of Sight (LoS) stabilization being developed by IFOS and its prime subcontractors InFiber Technology and Optiphase under sponsorship of AFRL as a Phase II SBIR program. To date IFOS designed, built and tested five prototypes. Four gyros were delivered to Lockheed Martin (LM) for further testing. The design is based on an innovative approach that enables production of a small, low cost gyro with excellent noise and bandwidth (BW) characteristics. The development is aimed at achieving sensor volume less than 5 cubic inches (phi 2.0 x 1.5) with cost less than several thousand dollars per axis. The new IFOS gyro uses an open-loop configuration, utilizing small diameter fiber with new all-digital signal processing. The optics is integrated using all-fiber approach that leads to highly flexible and lower cost implementation. The gyro is configured as a "split gyro" (distributed architecture), where the light source, electronics and receiver are integrated in an external package, and the sensor head is integrated in robust and environmentally rigid package. The dimensions of the present sensor-head prototype are phi 2.7 x 2 (11.5 cubic inches), using single mode fiber (SMF) for low cost. The gyro data rate is very large and can be as high as the modulation frequency (> 40 kHz). We have shown that the Angle White Noise (AWN) at high frequencies is not flattening out and extremely-high-BW low-noise operation is possible. To date we measured Angle Random Walk (ARW) < 0.0022 deg/rt-hr and demonstrated angle noise density < 10(-11) (arc-sec)(2)/Hz at 10 kHz and integrated angle noise < 100 nano-radians at 2 Hz to 10 kHz BW window. The SMF gyro demonstrated < 0.02 deg/hr flicker limit and < 0.2 deg/hr long term in run bias stability. C1 [Yahalom, Ram] InFiber Technol Inc, Sharon, MA USA. [Moslehi, Behzad; Oblea, Levy; Sotoudeh, Vahid] IFOS, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Ha, J. C.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yahalom, R (reprint author), InFiber Technol Inc, Sharon, MA USA. FU US Air Force through Phase II SBIR [FA8650-07-C-1191]; Optiphase; Alain Carrier; Lockheed Martin FX Funding was provided by the US Air Force through Phase II SBIR contract FA8650-07-C-1191. The authors would also like to thank Allen Cekorich and Jeff Bush of Optiphase as well as Alain Carrier, Tim Hilby and Todd Roy of Lockheed Martin for their support. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-5037-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2010 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTO52 UT WOS:000287515800010 ER PT S AU Chieh, JCS Pham, AV Dalrymple, TW Kuhl, DG Garber, BB Aihara, K AF Chieh, Jia-Chi Samuel Pham, Anh-Vu Dalrymple, Thomas W. Kuhl, David G. Garber, Brian B. Aihara, Kunia GP IEEE TI A Light Weight 8-Element Broadband Phased Array Receiver on Liquid Crystal Polymer SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Phased array; radar; multichip module; beam forming; MIMO systems; smart antennas AB In this paper we present a light weight broadband phased array hybrid receiver module on a multi-layer Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. The phased array module has 8 channels and is designed to operate in the Ka-band, from 32-37 GHz. A broadband linear tapered slot antenna array with a corporate power combiner, chip-on-board MMICs, and all control chips necessary for beam steering are all integrated on a multi-layered near-hermetic LCP substrate. The phased array antenna has a measured bandwidth of 5 GHz with +/- 30 degrees beam steering capability from boresight, and shows less than 6.75 degrees of beam squint across the full bandwidth of operation. The total size of the array is 100 mm x 100 mm with a board thickness of only 16 mils and weighs only 12.3 grams. C1 [Chieh, Jia-Chi Samuel; Pham, Anh-Vu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kuhl, David G.; Garber, Brian B.; Aihara, Kunia] AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chieh, JCS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 1024 EP 1027 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196501029 ER PT S AU Kormanyos, BK Quach, TK Orlando, PL Mattamana, AG Groves, KS AF Kormanyos, Brian K. Quach, Tony K. Orlando, P. Len Mattamana, Aji G. Groves, Kari S. GP IEEE TI 26 GHz on Chip Cascaded Filter Using Low Q Inductors SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Active filters; bandpass filters; cascade circuits; high-pass filters; inductors; low-pass filters; Q factor; silicon AB A method of realizing a highly selective filter response with good linearity is presented. The method is suitable for integrated on chip applications in processes with lossy substrates and inductors with low quality factor (Q). The method is suitable for use well into the millimeter wave region with a high probability of first pass success. C1 [Kormanyos, Brian K.] Boeing Res & Technol, Solid State Elect Dev, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Quach, Tony K.; Orlando, P. Len; Mattamana, Aji G.; Groves, Kari S.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kormanyos, BK (reprint author), Boeing Res & Technol, Solid State Elect Dev, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. FU MDREX project FX We would like to thank Gregory Creech, Bradley Paul, and James Sewell for their support of the MDREX project. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 1744 EP 1747 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196501207 ER PT S AU Willcox, DT Kowash, BR Wehe, DK AF Willcox, Daniel T. Kowash, Benjamin R. Wehe, David K. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Imaging Using a Rotating Modulation Collimator (RMC) SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB The Rotating Modulation Collimator (RMC) is a simple radiation imaging system that can be operated with as little as a single non-position sensitive radiation detector. While simple, its detection efficiency suffers due to necessary collimation of the incoming radiation. This paper explores adaptive techniques aimed at improving the detection efficiency and image quality for a given RMC system. Specifically, the collimating mask design, the sampling technique, and the RMC pivot angle are explored. C1 [Willcox, Daniel T.; Kowash, Benjamin R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Wehe, David K.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 80309 USA. RP Willcox, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.willcox@afit.edu; benjamin.kowash@afit.edu; dkw@umich.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 1531 EP 1535 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402901150 ER PT S AU Malas, JA Cortese, JA AF Malas, John A. Cortese, John A. GP IEEE TI The Radar Information Channel and System Uncertainty SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION AB The radar information channel is developed as a theoretical model for the study of uncertainty within the design, development, and research of radar signature exploitation systems. Information measures are developed which characterize sources of uncertainty and propagate the associated impacts to system performance. Sources of uncertainty are studied to form an information loss budget for trading component design options against overall system performance. C1 [Malas, John A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cortese, John A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM John.malas@wpafb.af.mil; jcort@ll.mit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494635 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500029 ER PT S AU Kastle, MJ Malas, JA AF Kastle, Michael J. Malas, John A. GP IEEE TI Establishing a Common Phase Reference for Comparing Synthetic Data to RF Range Measurements SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Discrepancies can result when creating common data sets consisting of comparable synthetic and measured range complex scattered field samples when the phase references of each do not coincide. This can be especially true when using signal processing techniques to produce one dimensional (range profiles) or two dimensional (Synthetic Aperture Radar or SAR images) representations of the target scattered field where range bins and cross-range bins are formed. Range profiles and SAR images can be misaligned or have different bin amplitudes due to target scatterers in synthetic and measured scenarios shifted with respect to one another. Obtaining equivalent data samples requires attention to the measured data calibration process and phase reference location. This paper will address the common phase reference problem by an analysis of experimental data for specific targets and rotation system. Suggestions are provided for possible solutions to current challenges. The data analysis will include synthetic and measured range data comparisons, range calibration, and target position and range alignment processes using Theodolite laser measurements. C1 [Kastle, Michael J.] SAIC, Reconnaissance & Surveillance Operat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Malas, John A.] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Paterson, OH USA. RP Kastle, MJ (reprint author), SAIC, Reconnaissance & Surveillance Operat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM michael.j.kastle@saic.com; John.Malas@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494634 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500032 ER PT S AU Goldstein, JS Picciolo, ML Rangaswamy, M Griesbach, JD AF Goldstein, J. Scott Picciolo, Michael L. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Griesbach, Jacob D. GP IEEE TI Detection of Dismounts using Synthetic Aperture Radar SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This paper presents an approach to detect people, or dismounts, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This approach is compared qualitatively with ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar and then quantitative results are presented using a P-band single phase center SAR. It is demonstrated that SAR provides an excellent methodology to detect dismounts. C1 [Goldstein, J. Scott; Picciolo, Michael L.] ManTech Int Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Griesbach, Jacob D.] Agilex, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Goldstein, JS (reprint author), ManTech Int Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. FU Electronic Systems Center through the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory [F33601-03-F-0203]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311HE] FX This work was supported in part by the Electronic Systems Center through the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract number F33601-03-F-0203. Dr. Rangaswamy was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under project 2311HE. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494623 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500041 ER PT S AU Lo Monte, L Patton, LK Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Patton, Lee K. Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Mitigation of Coupling in RF Tomography With Applications to Belowground Sensing SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In imaging applications based on RF Tomography, coupling between transmitters and receivers is a principal technical challenge to be overcome. To mitigate the coupling, we propose to activate different transmitters simultaneously, and determine their respective current source distribution in order to create electric field nulls at desired points (e.g., the receivers). The current design problem must take into consideration physical and system constraints of the radiators. As such, the current design must be formulated as a nonlinear programming problem. These constraints are discussed in details, and our method is validated using FDTD simulations. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Patton, Lee K.] Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH USA. EM Lorenzo.Lomonte@gdit.com; Lee.Patton@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Wicks@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory / Sensors Directorate FX The authors are thankful to Mr. William J. Baldygo, Air Force Research Laboratory / Sensors Directorate, for sponsoring and funding this research. We are also grateful to Prof. Margaret Cheney, Prof. Birsen Yazici, and Dr. Venky Krishnan, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, for their helpful suggestions and technical discussions. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500042 ER PT S AU Bradaric, I Capraro, GT Brady, SH Saville, MA Wicks, MC AF Bradaric, Ivan Capraro, Gerard T. Brady, Steven H. Saville, Michael A. Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Multistatic Measurements in a Controlled Laboratory Environment SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In recent years, a novel mathematical framework for analyzing and designing multistatic radar systems has been proposed. It was argued through numerous simulation examples that multistatic radar system performances can be significantly improved by shaping the multistatic ambiguity function. Based on this framework, rules for waveform selection, sensor positioning and adequate weighting of different receivers have been developed. In this work, we present multistatic measurements obtained in a controlled laboratory environment to support some of these recent findings and conclusions. The experimental setup consists of a Lab-Volt (TM) radar system operating at X-band, Tektronix arbitrary waveform generator and Tektronix digital oscilloscope. Multistatic point target radar measurements for different system configurations are analyzed. C1 [Bradaric, Ivan; Capraro, Gerard T.] Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY USA. [Brady, Steven H.; Saville, Michael A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] Sensors Directorate, US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bradaric, I (reprint author), Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494614 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500052 ER PT S AU Jackson, JA Moses, RL AF Jackson, Julie Ann Moses, Randolph L. GP IEEE TI 3D Feature Estimation for Sparse, Nonlinear Bistatic SAR Apertures SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE synthetic aperture radar; bistatic scattering; feature extraction; radar target recognition AB We present an algorithm for extracting 3D canonical scattering features observed over sparse, bistatic SAR apertures. The input to the algorithm is a collection of noisy bistatic measurements which are, in general, collected over nonlinear flight paths. The output of the algorithm is a set of canonical scattering features that describe the 3D scene geometry. The algorithm employs a pragmatic approach to initializing feature estimates by first forming a 3D reflectivity reconstruction using sparsity-regularized least squares methods. Regions of high energy are detected in the reconstructions to obtain initial feature estimates. A single canonical feature, corresponding to a geometric shape primitive, is fit to each region via nonlinear optimization of fit error between the complex phase history data and parametric scattering models using a modification of the CLEAN method. Feature extraction results are presented for sparsely-sampled, nonlinear, 3D bistatic scattering prediction data of a simple scene. C1 [Jackson, Julie Ann] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Moses, Randolph L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu; moses.2@osu.edu FU OSU; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute FX This work was performed while J. Jackson was a Graduate fellow at OSU, with funding from OSU and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release: #091064. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494608 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500058 ER PT S AU Majumder, U Soumekh, M Minardi, M Kirk, J AF Majumder, Uttam Soumekh, Mehrdad Minardi, Michael Kirk, John GP IEEE TI Spatially-Varying Calibration of Along-Track Monopulse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery for Ground Moving Target Indication and Tracking SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID SAR AB In this research, we have developed an algorithm to reduce the residual artifacts of the background clutter (that is, stationary targets) that appear in the MTI imagery that are generated by Global Signal Subspace Difference (GSSD) of the monostatic and bistatic images of an along-track monopulse synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. We have also established the theoretical foundation for estimating the motion track and parameters of the detected moving targets. We will show the results of these algorithms on measured SAR data. C1 [Majumder, Uttam; Minardi, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soumekh, Mehrdad] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Soumekh Consulting, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Kirk, John] Goleta Star LLC, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RP Majumder, U (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494577 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500087 ER PT S AU Lam, N Innocenti, R AF Lam Nguyen Innocenti, Roberto GP IEEE TI Suppression of Sidelobes and Noise in Airborne SAR Imagery Using the Recursive Sidelobe Minimization Technique SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently developed the Recursive Side-lobe Minimization (RSM) technique (patent pending). The technique is integrated with a standard back-projection algorithm to form synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with significant reduction in side-lobes and noise. We have achieved significant improvements in noise reduction by applying the RSM technique to our Ultrawideband (UWB) Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) forward-looking radar. This paper presents the application of the RSM technique using data from a side-looking airborne SAR system from SRI International. We describe the RSM technique, the SAR data processing, compare the baseline and RSM SAR images, and quantify the image quality in term of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the statistical distribution of the image pixels to show that significant improvement achieved using the RSM technique. C1 [Lam Nguyen; Innocenti, Roberto] USAF, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lam, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lnguyen@arl.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 522 EP 525 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500100 ER PT S AU Perlovsky, L Ilin, R Deming, R Linnehan, R Lin, F AF Perlovsky, Leonid Ilin, Roman Deming, Ross Linnehan, Rob Lin, Freeman GP IEEE TI Moving Target Detection and Characterization with circular SAR SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID TRACKING AB In this work, we examine ground target detection and characterization from radar data, which incorporates a model-based optimization method called dynamic logic (DL). We apply our methodology to a prototype airborne radar platform called Gotcha, developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Sensors Directorate/Automatic Target Recognition Division in recent years. The aircraft traces out a circular path around an area of interest, and the onboard, side-looking radar transmits and receives energy at a constant pulse repetition frequency, while the main beam direction is maintained at a fixed aim point on the ground. Data collected during any appropriate length arc of the flight path can be used to create synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the ground. The data can also be used for ground moving target indication (GMTI) and provide Doppler/Range imagery of the same ground area. Our approach combines the computation of Range-Doppler surfaces and a variable target velocity backprojection SAR method. Potential targets are detected using multiple backprojection images and features are extracted using adaptive mixture models. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using target truth information provided with the Gotcha dataset. We outline the steps toward implementing a comprehensive automatic target tracking solution based on presented methodology. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid; Ilin, Roman; Deming, Ross; Linnehan, Rob; Lin, Freeman] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. RP Deming, R (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. EM Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 661 EP 666 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494540 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500126 ER PT S AU Pillai, SU Li, KY Zheng, RC Himed, B AF Pillai, S. Unnikrishna Li, Ke Yong Zheng, Richeng Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Design of Unimodular Sequences using Generalized Receivers SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This paper reviews recent advances in designing unimodular sequences with good auto/cross correlation properties along with a new approach that emphasizes on independent receiver design. The general problem is to design single or multiple sequences with constant modulus in the time-domain such that their respective matched filter outputs ideally resemble delta functions and the cross-matched filter outputs are zeros. In this context CAN (cyclic-algorithm new) and WeCAN (Weighted CAN) have been proposed for designing such sequences with good auto-cross correlation properties. In this paper, the equivalence of the CAN algorithms and the classic Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm involving the sequential magnitude substitution operations in the time and frequency domain is demonstrated. The design of unimodular sequences is further generalized here by considering the receiver design to be more general than the respective matched input sequences. The receiver design is carried out by taking care of the desired output requirements and the freedom present at the input can be used to further minimize the output side-lobe level. C1 [Pillai, S. Unnikrishna] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept EE, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Li, Ke Yong; Zheng, Richeng] C & P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ USA. [Himed, Braham] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RYRT, Dayton, OH USA. RP Pillai, SU (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept EE, Brooklyn, NY USA. EM Pillai@hora.poly.edu; kli@cptnj.com; Braham.Himed@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Processing Branch under SBIR [FA8750-06-C-0202, FA8650-09-C-1628] FX Part of the work described here is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Processing Branch under an SBIR Contracts FA8750-06-C-0202 and FA8650-09-C-1628. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494526 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500138 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Li, HB Rangaswamy, M AF Jiang, Chaoshu Li, Hongbin Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Conjugate Gradient Parametric Adaptive Matched Filter SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID RADAR AB The parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF) detector for space-time adaptive processing (STAP) detection is re-examined in this paper. Originally, the PAMF detector was introduced by using a multichannel autoregressive (AR) parametric model for the disturbance signal in STAP detection. While the parametric approach brings in benefits such as significantly reduced training and computational requirements as compared with fully adaptive STAP detectors, the PAMF detector as a reduced-dimensional solution remains unclear. This paper employs the conjugate-gradient (CG) algorithm to solve the linear prediction problem arising in the PAMF detector. It is shown that CG yields not only a new computationally efficient implementation of the PAMF detector, but it also offers new perspectives of PAMF as a reduced-rank subspace detector. The CG algorithm is first introduced to provide alternative implementations for the matched filter (MF) and parametric matched filter (PMF) when the covariance matrix of the disturbance signal is known. It is then extended to the adaptive case where the covariance matrix is estimated from training data. Important issues such as unknown model order and convergence rate are discussed. Performance of the proposed CG-PAMF detector is examined by using the KASSPER and other computer generated data. C1 [Jiang, Chaoshu; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM cjiang@stevens.edu; hli@stevens.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0310] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant FA9550-09-1-0310. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 740 EP 745 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500140 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Schindler, J AF Linnehan, Robert Schindler, John GP IEEE TI Validating Multipath Responses of Moving Targets Through Urban Environments SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This work proceeds from the paper we published in RadarCon 2009 titled "Multistatic scattering from moving targets in multipath environments", where we explored the potential to track moving ground targets with radar as they enter urban areas and become obscured by buildings. An X-band radar data collection was performed which validates the predicted multipath response, and the received multipath power in relation to the line-of-sight (LOS) response. Results from a bistatic experiment are used to examine the spatial coherency of energy reflecting from a large, rough surface, and the power distribution in angle that illuminates a target as it traverses in front of a building. This experiment may inspire knowledge-based methods to coherently process multipath returns, beyond that of standard GMTI processing, i.e., free-space matched-filtering (FFT) and CFAR detection. C1 [Linnehan, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Schindler, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.linnehan@us.af.mil; j.schindler@ieee.org FU Air Force Research Laboratory/Sensor Directorate; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Strategic Technology Office FX The authors would like to thank Tom Caveyou, et al., from Matrix Research, Atindra Mitra from the RF Sensor Technology Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory/Sensor Directorate, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Strategic Technology Office for their support. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1036 EP 1041 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494468 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500196 ER PT S AU Akers, GA Stiles, JM AF Akers, Geoffrey A. Stiles, James M. GP IEEE TI Multilook SAR From Measurements Partitioned Based On Synthetic Sensor Parameters SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The balance between spatial resolution and the speckle in multilook SAR imaging may be improved by intelligently partitioning measurements of a sparsely populated, nonuniform, three-dimensional receiver array. This paper presents an approach to partitioning measurements from a single transmitter and multiple coherenet receivers using previously developed two-dimensional synthetic sensor locations based on eigen analysis of first-order Taylor expansions of the sensor measurement parameters. The approach is general and is demonstrated using simulated data for a nonuniformly-spaced two-dimensional sidelooking array and low time-bandwidth product. C1 [Akers, Geoffrey A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stiles, James M.] Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Akers, GA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoffrey.akers@afit.edu; jstiles@eecs.ku.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1100 EP 1105 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494455 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500207 ER PT S AU Saville, MA Monroe, K Allen, C Martin, R AF Saville, Michael A. Monroe, Kenneth Allen, Christopher Martin, Rick GP IEEE TI Processing-based Tuner Gain Correction in a Wideband Multi-channel Receiver SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE multi-channel wideband receiver; signal processing-based calibration AB Modern radar systems often capitalize on advanced radio frequency components in the receiver front end to include wideband tuners and amplifiers, highly stable local oscillators, and high-speed analog-to-digital converters. Yet, technology demonstrators often emphasize either the hardware or the processing algorithm rather than the end-to-end system. This paper presents the hardware characterization of tuner-gain mismatch in a wideband multi-channel array and the subsequent signal processing calibration model. The gain model is empirically found to follow a T-distribution and is used to balance the amplitude across the tuners as part of the processing for time-frequency-beamforming. Phase is also shown to be the critical factor to completely correcting phase mismatch. Here, we present details of the wideband receiver front-end and the signal processing backend. C1 [Saville, Michael A.; Monroe, Kenneth; Allen, Christopher; Martin, Rick] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saville, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.saville@afit.edu; kenneth.monroe.ctr@afit.edu; christopher.allen@afit.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1106 EP 1110 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494456 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500208 ER PT S AU Fuhrmann, DR Browning, JP Rangaswamy, M AF Fuhrmann, Daniel R. Browning, J. Paul Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI ADVANCED SIGNALING STRATEGIES FOR THE HYBRID MIMO PHASED-ARRAY RADAR SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Hybrid MIMO Phased Array Radar, or HMPAR, is a notional concept for a multisensor radar architecture that combines elements of traditional phased-array radar with the emerging technology of Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. A HMPAR comprises a large number, MP, of T/R elements, organized into M subarrays of P elements each. Within each subarray, passive element-level phase shifting is used to steer transmit and receive beams in some desired fashion. Each of the M subarrays are in turn driven by independently amplified phase-coded signals. This paper proposes new transmit signal selection strategies based on the observation that some MIMO signal sets, such as those proposed by us previously, cause a very rapid sequential or raster scan across some field of view. Exploiting this property allows one to create and process multiple beams simultaneously. Furthermore, there exists a range-angle coupling in the transmit and receive signals that may lead to high-resolution target localization. C1 [Fuhrmann, Daniel R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Browning, J. Paul; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate Radar Signal Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuhrmann, DR (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Dynetics, Inc FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under a subcontract from Dynetics, Inc. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1128 EP 1133 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494452 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500212 ER PT S AU Brady, SHR Saville, MA AF Brady, Steven H. R. Saville, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Scaling Radar Measurements for Advanced Algorithms SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE bistatic radar; point target measurement; multistatic ambiguity function AB This paper describes waveform diverse signal measurements using a two channel laboratory radar system. Using a combination of a Lab-Volt (TM) radar training system, Tektronix (TM) arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), Tektronix (TM) digital oscilloscope (DSO), and Tektronix (TM) real-time spectrum analyzer (RSA), a two channel, waveform diverse, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system is configured to collect both MIMO and bistatic radar measurements. In the experiments, the radar operates at X-band and samples the echoes at radio frequency (RF) before down-conversion into in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) channels. The laboratory environment does not need any special treatment as an anechoic chamber because the system uses very short duration and low power waveforms. Measured data for the MIMO radar is presented along with discussion of the bistatic configuration. C1 [Brady, Steven H. R.; Saville, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brady, SHR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.brady@afit.edu; michael.saville@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1161 EP 1166 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494446 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500218 ER PT S AU Parker, JT Potter, LC AF Parker, Jason T. Potter, Lee C. GP IEEE TI A Bayesian Perspective on Sparse Regularization for STAP Post-Processing SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID INVERSE PROBLEMS; SIGNAL RECOVERY; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM AB Traditional Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) formulations cast the problem as a detection task which results in an optimal decision statistic for a single target in colored Gaussian noise. In the present work, inspired by recent theoretical and algorithmic advances in the field known as compressed sensing, we impose a Laplacian prior on the targets themselves which encourages sparsity in the resulting reconstruction of the angle/Doppler plane. By casting the problem in a Bayesian framework, it becomes readily apparent that sparse regularization can be applied as a post-processing step after the use of a traditional STAP algorithm for clutter estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach allows closely spaced targets to be more easily distinguished. C1 [Parker, Jason T.] USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Potter, Lee C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Parker, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil; potter.36@osu.edu RI Potter, Lee/F-8668-2014 OI Potter, Lee/0000-0002-1537-1627 FU AFOSR lab task FX The authors would like to thank Professor Ivan Selesnick and Dr. Braham Himed for valuable discussions about their ongoing work in this area. We would also like to thank Dr. Murali Rangaswamy for reading an early version of this manuscript. Finally, the first author is supported by an AFOSR lab task under the direction of Dr. Arje Nachman. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1471 EP 1475 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494384 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500281 ER PT S AU Boglione, L Webster, RT AF Boglione, Luciano Webster, Richard T. GP IEEE BE Boeck, G TI 200GHz f(T) SiGe HBT Load Pull Characterization at mm-Wave Frequencies SO 2010 IEEE RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS RFIC SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium CY MAY 23-25, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Elect Dev Soc, MITS, SSCS DE mm-wave SiGe HBT device; measurement; load-pull AB The load pull measurement of a commercially available SiGe HBT device has been performed at Q band over frequency and bias. Measured mm-wave results for the SiGe process under test have never been made available to the general public before and no comparable information on similar SiGe devices is available in the public domain. The goal of this paper is to begin to fill this gap: load pull results along with a discussion of the characterization setup and procedure are presented. C1 [Boglione, Luciano] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Webster, Richard T.] Air Force Res Lab, RYHA, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Boglione, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Summer FX The authors wish to thank Samir Chaudhry and his team at Jazz Semiconductor, Newport Beach, CA and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1529-2517 BN 978-1-4244-6241-4 J9 IEEE RAD FREQ INTEGR PY 2010 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1109/RFIC.2010.5477275 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO51 UT WOS:000287515700048 ER PT J AU Like, EC Temple, MA Wu, ZQ AF Like, Eric C. Temple, Michael A. Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Spectrally-Temporally Adapted SMSE Waveform Design Using Imperfect Channel Estimates SO 2010 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY APR 18-21, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE AB The impact of channel estimation error is investigated for Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveform designs in a coexistent environment containing multiple 802.11 Primary User (PU) systems. As previously demonstrated, the SMSE waveform design process can exploit statistical knowledge of PU spectral and temporal behavior to maximize SMSE system throughput (bits/second). This can be done by enforcing SMSE and PU bit error rate constraints while limiting mutual coexistent interference limited to manageable levels. Since maximum system performance requires accurate channel state knowledge at the SMSE transmitter, the presence of channel estimation error decreases the ability to design spectrally agile signals that optimally exploit coexistent spectral regions. Relative to a spectrally-only adapted system, the spectrally-temporally adapted SMSE system provides significant performance improvement by leveraging knowledge of PU temporal statistics to design temporally agile signals while maintaining desired performance levels for each system. Superiority of spectrally-temporally adapted signals is demonstrated here in terms of increased SMSE throughput (bits/ symbol) and greater tolerance to increased channel estimation error. C1 [Like, Eric C.; Temple, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Like, EC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu FU Laboratory for Telecommunications Sciences; Department of Defense, USA FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory for Telecommunications Sciences, Department of Defense, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6398-5 PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYL10 UT WOS:000299203101130 ER PT B AU Reising, DR Temple, MA Mendenhall, MJ AF Reising, Donald R. Temple, Michael A. Mendenhall, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Improving Intra-Cellular Security Using Air Monitoring with RF Fingerprints SO 2010 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY APR 18-21, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE AB Improved intra-cellular security is addressed using device-specific RF fingerprints to mitigate malicious network activity that can occur through unauthorized use of digital identities. In air monitoring applications where physical equipment constraints are not overly restrictive, RF fingerprinting remains a viable option for providing regional intra-cellular security for systems such as cellular telephone and last mile WiMax networks. Proof-of-concept results are provided for GSM signals given they are readily available in most areas. Recent RF fingerprinting work has demonstrated average device classification accuracies ( serial number identification) of 92% using OFDM-based 802.11a preamble responses at SNR = 6 dB. The goal here was to determine if similar performance could be achieved using RF fingerprints extracted from near-transient and midamble regions of GSM signals. This was done using instantaneous phase responses from each region to form RF statistical fingerprints that are subsequently classified using Fisher-based MDA/ML processing. Considering all GSM device permutations from four different manufacturers, near-transient RF fingerprinting provided nearly 13% improvement in classification performance when compared with midamble RF fingerprinting and achieved average classification performance consistent with the 802.11a benchmark of 92% correct classification at SNR = 6 dB. C1 [Reising, Donald R.; Temple, Michael A.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reising, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6398-5 PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYL10 UT WOS:000299203100124 ER PT J AU Arehart, AR Sasikumar, A Via, GD Winningham, B Poling, B Heller, E Ringel, SA AF Arehart, A. R. Sasikumar, A. Via, G. D. Winningham, B. Poling, B. Heller, E. Ringel, S. A. GP IEEE TI Spatially-discriminating trap characterization methods for HEMTs and their application to RF-stressed AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING - TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 06-08, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA ID GANHEMTS; SILICON AB New constant drain-current deep level optical/transient spectroscopy (CID-DLTS/DLOS) methods to quantify trap energies and concentrations in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are described. These methods are applied to RF stressed HEMTs to characterize the impact of stressing on traps and identified a significant increase in virtual gate related levels. C1 [Arehart, A. R.; Sasikumar, A.; Ringel, S. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Via, G. D.; Winningham, B.; Heller, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poling, B.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Ringel, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ringel@ece.osu.edu FU OSU; Design-forReliability Initiative for Future Technologies (DRIFT) MURI FX The efforts at OSU were supported by the Office of Naval Research (P. Maki) including support from the Design-forReliability Initiative for Future Technologies (DRIFT) MURI. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7419-6 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTS81 UT WOS:000287997300120 ER PT S AU Bishop, M Moore, MJ Burns, DJ Pino, RE Linderman, R AF Bishop, Morgan Moore, Michael J. Burns, Daniel J. Pino, Robinson E. Linderman, Richard GP IEEE TI Affordable Emerging Computer Hardware for Neuromorphic Computing Applications SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS IJCNN 2010 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2010) CY 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB We are pursuing an investigation of neuromorphic computational models and architectures in order to leverage present understanding of how the estimated 10(11) neurons and 10(15) neuron connections in the mammalian brain are able to do some of the things a human does, and as quickly as it does it, using slow base components, while consuming very little power on affordable synthetic non-biological computing hardware. Understanding and harvesting neurologically based methods is a promising approach with great potential that may help us achieve massively parallel computation far beyond the scope of traditional computing. C1 [Bishop, Morgan; Burns, Daniel J.; Pino, Robinson E.] USAF, AFMC, AFRL RITC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bishop, M (reprint author), USAF, AFMC, AFRL RITC, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Morgan.Bishop@rl.af.mil; Mike.Moore@itt.com; Robinson.Pino@rl.af.mil; Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 978-1-4244-6917-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN74 UT WOS:000287421401126 ER PT S AU McDonald, NR Pino, RE Rozwood, PJ Wysocki, BT AF McDonald, Nathan R. Pino, Robinson E. Rozwood, Peter J. Wysocki, Bryant T. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Dynamic Linear and Non-linear Memristor Device Models for Emerging Neuromorphic Computing Hardware Design SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS IJCNN 2010 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2010) CY 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The value memristor devices offer to the neuromorphic computing hardware design community rests on the ability to provide effective device models that can enable large scale integrated computing architecture application simulations. Therefore, it is imperative to develop practical, functional device models of minimum mathematical complexity for fast, reliable, and accurate computing architecture technology design and simulation. To this end, various device models have been proposed in the literature seeking to characterize the physical electronic and time domain behavioral properties of memristor devices. In this work, we analyze some promising and practical non-Quasi-static linear and non-linear memristor device models for neuromorphic circuit design and computing architecture simulation. C1 [McDonald, Nathan R.; Pino, Robinson E.; Rozwood, Peter J.; Wysocki, Bryant T.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP McDonald, NR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM robinson.pino@rl.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-6917-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN74 UT WOS:000287421400097 ER PT S AU Moore, MJ Linderman, R Bishop, M Pino, R AF Moore, Michael J. Linderman, Richard Bishop, Morgan Pino, Robinson GP IEEE TI A Columnar Primary Visual Cortex (V1) Model Emulation Using a PS3 Cell-BE Array SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS IJCNN 2010 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2010) CY 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB A model of portions of the cerebral cortex is being developed to explore neuromorphic computing strategies in the context of highly parallel platforms. The interest is driven by the value of applications which can make use of highly parallel architectures we expect to see surpassing one thousand cores per die in the next few years. A central question we seek to answer is what the architecture of hyper-parallel machines should be. We also seek to understand computational methods akin to how a brain deals with sensing, perception, memory, and cognition. The model is being developed incrementally, starting with the primary visual cortex (VI) field. It is based upon structures roughly corresponding to neocortical minicolumn and functional column structures. Gaps in neuroscience, such as inter-cell connectivity, are filled using estimates of functionality that are plausible given current understanding of the micro-anatomy. The success we encountered with achieving real-time performance is evidence validating the use of Cell-Be architecture in some classes of neuromorphic emulation. In this study we identified a particular gap-fill algorithm for lateral connections within VI that is suggestive of a learning strategy whereby the lateral network subsumes expectation affect, reducing perception time and improving perception affect. C1 [Moore, Michael J.] ITT AES, 775 Daedalian Dr, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Bishop, Morgan; Pino, Robinson] USAF, AFMC, AFRL RITC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Linderman, Richard] USAF, AFMC, AFRL RI, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Moore, MJ (reprint author), ITT AES, 775 Daedalian Dr, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM mike.moore@itt.com; Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil; Morgan.Bishop@rl.af.mil; Robinson.Pino@rl.af.mil FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) LRIR [06IF02COR] FX This work was supported in part by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), LRIR# 06IF02COR. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-6917-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2010 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN74 UT WOS:000287421400024 ER PT S AU Vityaev, E Kovalerchuk, B Perlovsky, L Smerdov, S AF Vityaev, Evgenii Kovalerchuk, Boris Perlovsky, Leonid Smerdov, Stanislav GP IEEE TI Probabilistic Dynamic Logic of Phenomena and Cognition SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS IJCNN 2010 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2010) CY 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The purpose of this paper is to develop further the main concepts of Phenomena Dynamic Logic (P-DL) and Cognitive Dynamic Logic (C-DL), presented in the previous paper. The specific character of these logics is in matching vagueness or fuzziness of similarity measures to the uncertainty of models. These logics are based on the following fundamental notions: generality relation, uncertainty relation, simplicity relation, similarity maximization problem with empirical content and enhancement (learning) operator. We develop these notions in terms of logic and probability and developed a Probabilistic Dynamic Logic of Phenomena and Cognition (P-DL-PC) that relates to the scope of probabilistic models of brain. In our research the effectiveness of suggested formalization is demonstrated by approximation of the expert model of breast cancer diagnostic decisions. The P-DL-PC logic was previously successfully applied to solving many practical tasks and also for modelling of some cognitive processes. C1 [Vityaev, Evgenii] Russian Acad Sci, Dept Math Log, Sobolev Inst Math, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Kovalerchuk, Boris] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smerdov, Stanislav] Novosibirsk State Univ, Russian Acad Sci, Inst Math, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Vityaev, E (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Dept Math Log, Sobolev Inst Math, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM vityaev@math.nsc.ru; borisk@cwu.edu; leonid@seas.harvard.edu; netid@ya.ru FU Russian Science Foundation [OS-07-00272a]; Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of science [47, 119] FX This work partially supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant OS-07-00272a and Integration projects of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of science grants 47, Ill, 119. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-6917-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2010 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN74 UT WOS:000287421402113 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Kaspi, R Chavez, JR AF Ongstad, A. P. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Kaspi, R. Chavez, J. R. GP IEEE TI The antiguiding parameter in mid-infrared optically pumped semiconductor lasers SO 22ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 26-30, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE C1 [Ongstad, A. P.; Dente, G. C.; Tilton, M. L.; Kaspi, R.; Chavez, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5684-0 PY 2010 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTN65 UT WOS:000287413100067 ER PT S AU Kim, YC Trias, ED Slaman, DR AF Kim, Yong C. Trias, Eric D. Slaman, Daniel R. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Side Channel Analysis Countermeasures using Obfuscated Instructions SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE advanced encryption standard; data encryption standard; differential electromagnetic analysis; RSA; side channel analysis; simple electromagnetic analysis AB Proven cryptographic algorithms using adequate key sizes are widely used as the primary protection scheme for software programs and hardware circuits. However, it has been shown that detailed analysis of physical circuit manifestations reveal enough information to help adversaries determine the cipher key. Thus, even the strongest algorithms and techniques can be defeated after key extraction. We illustrate a novel technique towards protecting encryption circuits from specific types of side channel analysis attacks utilizing electromagnetic (EM) and radio frequency (RF) probes. Three encryption algorithms, AES, RSA, and DES, implemented in Java are tested on an FPGA to determine their side channel vulnerabilities. Then, select Java bytecodes are obfuscated dynamically through multiple and fundamentally different execution options for satisfying the function during runtime. The obfuscation techniques cause the power signature and execution time to differ each time the specific bytecode is executed within the same encryption routine. Within our experimental framework, all three encryption algorithms had their respective secret keys extracted. After obfuscation countermeasures were applied, DES and RSA encryption circuits are protected successfully from previous side channel exploits. With protection in place, adversaries must collect and expend a minimum of 4 times the effort to exploit protected circuits. C1 [Kim, Yong C.; Trias, Eric D.; Slaman, Daniel R.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, YC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678683 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000007 ER PT S AU Kim, JH Lall, S Merrill, W Behbahani, A AF Kim, Jong-Han Lall, Sanjay Merrill, Walter Behbahani, Alireza GP IEEE TI A Computational Approach for Decentralized Control of Turbine Engines SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB We propose a heuristic approach to approximately compute the optimal decentralized control for linear systems. The method exploits the notion of quadratic invariance, which characterizes a class of convex problems in decentralized control design, and extends the application to general unstructured models. The plant model is approximated such that the decentralized information structure is quadratically invariant under the approximate plant. Then the optimal design is efficiently found via convex optimization, and it is applied back to the original full plant. A simple convex condition to prove the closed loop stability in this setup is presented. The method finds a satisfactory decentralized control design efficiently, and furthermore, the resulting design can be used as a good initial point for local optimization algorithms. A numerical example on a simplified turbine engine model is presented for demonstration. C1 [Kim, Jong-Han] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kim, Jong-Han; Lall, Sanjay] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Merrill, Walter] Mongolian Sci Inc, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jonghank@stanford.edu; lall@stanford.edu; walt.merrill@scientificmonitoring.com; al.behbahani@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR/AFRL [FA9550-08-C-0059] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR/AFRL contract number FA9550-08-C-0059. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717161 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049100057 ER PT S AU Darbha, S Krishnamoorthy, K Pachter, M Chandler, P AF Darbha, S. Krishnamoorthy, K. Pachter, M. Chandler, P. GP IEEE TI State Aggregation based Linear Programming approach to Approximate Dynamic Programming SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID DECISION-PROCESSES; BOUNDS AB One often encounters the curse of dimensionality in the application of dynamic programming to determine optimal policies for controlled Markov chains. In this paper, we provide a method to construct sub-optimal policies along with a bound for the deviation of such a policy from the optimum through the use of restricted linear programming. The novelty of this approach lies in circumventing the need for a value iteration or a linear program defined on the entire state-space. Instead, the state-space is partitioned based on the reward structure and the optimal cost-to-go or value function is approximated by a constant over each partition. We associate a meta-state with each partition, where the transition probabilities between these meta-states can be derived from the original Markov chain specification. The state aggregation approach results in a significant reduction in the computational burden and lends itself to a restricted linear program defined on the aggregated state-space. Finally, the proposed method is bench marked on a perimeter surveillance stochastic control problem. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.; Chandler, P.] USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Darbha, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pachter, M.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Darbha, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717627 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049101031 ER PT S AU Sallberg, SA Maybeck, PS Oxley, ME AF Sallberg, Scott A. Maybeck, Peter S. Oxley, Mark E. GP IEEE TI Infinite-Dimensional Sampled-Data Kalman Filtering and the Stochastic Heat Equation SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB In this paper we apply the infinite-dimensional sampled-data Kalman filter (ISKF) [1], [2] to a system characterized by the stochastic heat equation for the purpose of estimating the temperature distribution along a slender (one-dimensional) cylindrical rod using a simple linear measurement model. The key to applying the ISKF is the development of an essentially equivalent finite-dimensional discrete-time model from an infinite-dimensional continuous-time dynamics model. In addition to estimating the temperature of the rod, we employ a bank of elemental filters via the multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) technique to estimate unknown model parameters such as the thermal diffusivity constant of the slender cylindrical rod. C1 [Sallberg, Scott A.] MZA Associates Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Maybeck, Peter S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oxley, Mark E.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sallberg, SA (reprint author), MZA Associates Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM Scott.Sallberg@mza.com; Peter.Maybeck@afit.edu; Mark.Oxley@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate FX We thank the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate for sponsoring this research and our patient and loving wives for allowing us the freedom to pursue our professional interests, often at the expense of our time with family. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 5062 EP 5067 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717157 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049105117 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Hussein, II Brown, DR Erwin, RS AF Wang, Y. Hussein, I. I. Brown, D. R., III Erwin, R. S. GP IEEE TI Cost-Aware Bayesian Sequential Decision-Making for Domain Search and Object Classification SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB This paper focuses on the development of a cost-aware Bayesian sequential decision-making strategy for the search and classification of multiple unknown objects over a given domain using a sensor with limited sensory capability. Under such scenario, it is risky to allocate all the available sensing resources at a single location of interest, while ignoring other regions in the domain that may contain more critical objects. On the other hand, for the sake of finding and classifying more objects elsewhere, making a decision regarding object existence or its property based on insufficient observations may result in miss-detecting or miss-classifying a critical object of interest. Therefore, a decision-making strategy that balances the desired decision accuracy and tolerable risks/costs is highly motivated. The strategy developed in this paper seeks to find and classify all unknown objects within the domain with minimum risk under limited resources. C1 [Wang, Y.; Hussein, I. I.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Brown, D. R., III] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Erwin, R. S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate AFRL RV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM yuewang@wpi.edu; ihussein@wpi.edu; drb@wpi.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 7196 EP 7201 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717743 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049108026 ER PT S AU Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS AF Ewing, Robert L. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. GP IEEE TI Biofractal Devices SO 53RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2010) CY AUG 01-04, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP CAS, IEEE ID BIOMOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; PROTEIN AB Development of revolutionary biofractal and novel organic bio-inspired devices using non-integeger methodology is the focus of this paper. Non-integer methodology is explored in the form of a quantitative biofractal architecture, which incorporates ontogentic and epigenetic scalable mechanisms for multiple signal carriers, fragility and dimensional scalability in the development of nonlinear sensor models and methodology. Biofractal devices will provide a precision, low power, low weight integrated real-time sensory capability for mobile platforms applications such as unmanned air vehicles, emerging optical communication, and radar. C1 [Ewing, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-7773-9 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2010 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2010.5548567 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ58 UT WOS:000287099800022 ER PT S AU Chung, JM Park, K Won, T Oh, W Choi, S AF Chung, Jong-Moon Park, Kyucheol Won, Taeyeon Oh, Wuihwan Choi, Seungjun GP IEEE TI New Protocols for Future Wireless Systems SO 53RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2010) CY AUG 01-04, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP CAS, IEEE AB The third generation (3G) of mobile communications has been successfully standardized and implemented throughout the world. International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) technology is a representative realization of 3G technology. Currently IMT-2000 is evolving to a next generation standard named IMT-Advanced. Major milestone technologies that lead 3G in to the fourth generation (4G) standards include Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). Mobile WiMAX and LTE technology have different origins, but there are similarities in their path of evolution. In this paper, a comparison of evolution history and future expectations are discussed on Mobile WiMAX and LTE. In addition, the evolution of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) as a popular inter-operating technology with Mobile WiMAX and LTE is also discussed. C1 [Chung, Jong-Moon; Park, Kyucheol; Won, Taeyeon; Oh, Wuihwan] Yonsei Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Commun & Networking Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Choi, Seungjun] US Air Force, Informat & Commun Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Chung, JM (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Commun & Networking Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jmc@yonsei.ac.kr; pkc897@yonsei.ac.kr; w9964@yonsei.ac.kr; white4019@yonsei.ac.kr FU Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) program [NIPA-2010-C1090-1011-0006]; National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) of the Republic of Korea FX This research was supported by the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) program (NIPA-2010-C1090-1011-0006) supervised by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) of the Republic of Korea. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-7773-9 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2010 BP 692 EP 695 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ58 UT WOS:000287099800173 ER PT B AU Tokish, JM Kozlowski, EJ AF Tokish, John M. Kozlowski, Erick J. BE Bach, BR Provencher, MT TI RETURN TO PLAY AFTER ACL RECONSTRUCTION SO ACL SURGERY: HOW TO GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME AND WHAT TO DO IF IT FAILS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; TENDON GRAFT; ANTERIOR; INJURY; KNEE; REHABILITATION; DEFICITS; RUPTURE; SPORT C1 [Tokish, John M.; Kozlowski, Erick J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-895-1 PY 2010 BP 357 EP 365 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BPE41 UT WOS:000278696100034 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Smith, MJ Fernando, KAS Harruff, BA Lewis, WK Gord, JR Guliants, EA Phelps, DK AF Bunker, Christopher E. Smith, Marcus J. Fernando, K. A. Shiral Harruff, Barbara A. Lewis, William K. Gord, Joseph R. Guliants, Elena A. Phelps, Donald K. TI Spontaneous Hydrogen Generation from Organic-Capped Al Nanoparticles and Water SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE energy; hydrogen; nanoparticles; aluminum ID ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; REACTIVITY; SIZE; PASSIVATION; SURFACE; METAL AB The development of technologies that would lead toward the adoption of a hydrogen economy requires readily available, safe, and environmentally friendly access to hydrogen. This can be achieved using the aluminum-water reaction; however, the protective nature and stability OF aluminum oxide is a clear detriment to its application. Here, we demonstrate the spontaneous generation of hydrogen gas from ordinary room-temperature tap water when combined with aluminum-oleic acid core-shell nanoparticles obtained via sonochemistry. The reaction is found to be near-complete (>95% yield hydrogen) with a tunable rate from 6.4 x 10(-4) to 0.01 g of H(2)/s/g of Al and to yield an environmentally benign byproduct. The potential of these nanoparticles as a source OF hydrogen gas for power generation is demonstrated using a simple fuel cell with an applied load. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.; Gord, Joseph R.; Phelps, Donald K.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Marcus J.; Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Harruff, Barbara A.; Lewis, William K.; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Div Met & Ceram, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA-07-1-0026]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute FX The authors thank Dr. S. Hussain and N. McNamara for helpful discussion and experimental assistance. We acknowledge financial support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant HDTRA-07-1-0026), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through continued support of Dr. Julian Tishkoff, the Air Force Research Laboratory through support of nanoenergetics, and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute for support for M.J.S. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1021/am900757r PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CQ UT WOS:000273863500003 PM 20356213 ER PT J AU Kuang, ZF Kim, SN Crookes-Goodson, WJ Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Kuang, Zhifeng Kim, Sang N. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biomimetic Chemosensor: Designing Peptide Recognition Elements for Surface Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE SWNT-FETs; CNT; peptides; TNT; nanotube transistors; sensors; phage display ID PHEROMONE-BINDING PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HONEYBEE AB Single-wall carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWNT-FETs) are ideal candidates for fabricating sensors due to their unique electronic properties and have been widely investigated for chemical and biological sensing applications. The lack of selectivity of SWNT-FETs has prompted extensive research on developing ligands that exhibit specific binding as selective surface coating for SWNTs. Herein we describe the rational design of a peptide recognition element (PRE) that is capable of noncovalently attaching to SWNTs as well as binding to trinitrotoluene (TNT). The PRE contains two domains, a TNT binding domain derived from the binding pocket of the honeybee odor binding protein ASP1, and a SWNT binding domain previously identified from the phage peptide display library. The PRE structure in the presence of SWNT was investigated by performing classical all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Both computational and experimental analyses demonstrate that the peptide retains two functional domains for SWNT and TNT binding. The binding motif of the peptide to SWNT and to TNT was revealed from interaction energy calculations by molecular dynamics simulations. The potential application of the peptide for the detection of TNT is theoretically predicted and experimentally validated using a SWNT-FET sensor functionalized with a designer PRE. Results from this study demonstrate the creation of chemosensors using designed PRE as selective surface coatings for targeted analytes. C1 [Kuang, Zhifeng; Kim, Sang N.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council; AFOSR; AFRL/RX FX We would like to thank R. Patcher for useful discussion, X. Duan and R. Berry for the supercomputer support, M. Tomczak for CID analysis, and J. Slocik for SPR measurements. This research was performed while S.K. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. This work was funded by AFOSR and AFRL/RX. NR 32 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 14 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1021/nn901365g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400056 PM 20038158 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Zhang, C Ballard, D Martin, P Fournelle, J Cao, W Chang, YA AF Zhu, J. Zhang, C. Ballard, D. Martin, P. Fournelle, J. Cao, W. Chang, Y. A. TI Study of the Ni-rich multi-phase equilibria in Ni-Al-Pt alloys using the cluster/site approximation for the face-centered cubic phases SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nickel alloys; Cluster/site approximation; Thermodynamics; CALPHAD ID INTERMETALLIC PHASES; DIAGRAM CALCULATIONS; SITE APPROXIMATION; FCC PHASES; SYSTEM; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; MODEL; THERMODYNAMICS; INDUSTRY AB The modified cluster/site approximation was used to describe the thermodynamics of the various face-centered cubic phases in Ni-Al-Pt, the Bragg-Williams approximation for the B2 phase, and a modified regular solution formalism for the liquid phase. Coupled computational thermodynamics with key phase equilibrium measurements in the solid state, a thermodynamic description of this ternary for Ni contents higher than 50%, was obtained based on these data and those given in the literature as well as the descriptions of its constituent binaries. Not only did the model-calculated solid-state phase equilibria agree with the measured data, the model-calculated liquidus projection is also able to account for the phases formed during solidification. In addition, the calculated chemical potentials or activities of Ni and Al are also in accord with the measured data as a function of temperature using mass spectrometry. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, J.; Zhang, C.; Chang, Y. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ballard, D.; Martin, P.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fournelle, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cao, W.] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Chang, YA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chang@engr.wisc.edu FU Air Force of Scientific Research [F49550-06-1-0229] FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force of Scientific Research for financial support through Grant No. F49550-06-1-0229. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.068 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 527XW UT WOS:000272405600019 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Bei, H Chen, SL George, EP Tiley, J Chang, YA AF Yang, Ying Bei, H. Chen, Shuanglin George, E. P. Tiley, Jaimie Chang, Y. Austin TI Effects of Ti, Zr, and Hf on the phase stability of Mo_ss + Mo3Si + Mo5SiB2 alloys at 1600 degrees C SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Refractory metals; Silicides; Multicomponent phase equilibrium; CALPHAD; Thermodynamics ID SI-B ALLOYS; THERMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SYSTEM; MATRIX AB Understanding the stability of the three-phase Mo_ss + Mo3Si + Mo5SiB2 region is important for alloy design of Mo-Si-B-based refractory metal inter-metallic composites. In this work, thermodynamic modeling is coupled with guided experiments to study phase stability in this three-phase region of the Mo-Si-B-X (X = Ti, Zr, Hf) system. Both the calculated and experimental results show that additions of Zr and Hf limit significantly the stability of the three-phase region because of the formation of the ternary phases MoSiZr and MoSiHf, while Ti addition leads to a much larger region of stability for the three-phase equilibrium. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Y. Austin] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Yang, Ying; Chen, Shuanglin] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Bei, H.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chang, YA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM Changy@cae.wisc.edu RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017 OI Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254 FU Air Force Office of Scientific and Research [FA 9550-09-C-0048]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; [IAN 1413583903] FX This research was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific and Research Contract No. FA 9550-09-C-0048 through the STTR program with Dr. Joan Fuller as the program manager under the Work-for-Others Program, IAN 1413583903, with the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. We thank Dr. J. H. Schneibel (recently retired from ORNL), Cecil Carmichael, and Larry Walker (ORNL) for experimental support and discussion. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.032 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000021 ER PT S AU Fagley, C Seidel, J Siegel, S McLaughlin, T AF Fagley, Casey Seidel, Juergen Siegel, Stefan McLaughlin, Thomas BE King, R TI Reduced Order Modeling Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Wavenet System Identification of a Free Shear Layer SO ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL II SE Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Active Flow Control CY MAY 26-28, 2010 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Collaborative Res Ctr ID TRANSIENT CYLINDER WAKE; MIXING LAYER AB For the design of successful closed loop control of complex flow fields, high performing control algorithms based on low dimensional models along with accurate flow state estimation methods are needed. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) provides a mean to reduce the order of the flow field data to a feasible dimensionality for wavelet basis network identification technique. Wavenet nonlinear autoregressive exogenous predictors (WNARX) identify and predict the time coefficients of a truncated POD model. Properly trained and formulated WNARX predictors show the capability of simulating off design flow scenarios within a parameter range, prove useful as reference signals, and are also capable of simulating closed loop dynamics for control design. These ROM methods are applied to a free shear layer behind a backward facing step serving as a model of optical turrets on air vehicles. Closed loop results show drastic reduction of the optical path difference (OPD), the performance measure for optical quality through a medium. C1 [Fagley, Casey] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Seidel, Juergen] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Visiting Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Siegel, Stefan] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Res Associate, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McLaughlin, Thomas] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Res Director, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fagley, C (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM cfagley@uwyo.edu; Jurgen.Seidel.ctr.de@usafa.edu; Stefan.Siegel.ctr.de@usafa.edu; Tom.Mclaughlin@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research; USAFA Modeling and Simulation Center; Maui High Performance Computing Center FX The authors acknowledge funding by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Drs. Schmisseur and Smith, and the Office of Naval Research, Dr. DeSandre. Computing resources were provided by the USAFA Modeling and Simulation Center, Dr. Bergeron, and the Maui High Performance Computing Center. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-2909 BN 978-3-642-11734-3 J9 NOTES NUMER FLUID ME PY 2010 VL 108 BP 325 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BUE59 UT WOS:000289049600021 ER PT S AU Hemmes, J Thain, D Poellabauer, C AF Hemmes, Jeffrey Thain, Douglas Poellabauer, Christian BE Zheng, J Mao, S Midkiff, SF Zhu, H TI Cooperative Localization in GPS-Limited Urban Environments SO AD HOC NETWORKS SE Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks (AdHocNets 2009) CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA AB Existing localization techniques such as GPS have fundamental limitations which preclude deployment in urban canyons or areas with inconsistent network availability. Augmenting GPS requires specialized infrastructure or tedious calibration tasks which limit general purpose applications. In this paper, we examine the utility of cooperatively sharing location data among connected nodes in order to correct positions with high measurement error in GPS-limited environments. Using simple data sharing and filtering techniques, collaborating users can substantially reduce overall localization error in dead reckoning systems where nodes may have a broad spectrum of location quality. We examine system parameters necessary to fully exploit cooperative localization based on empirical error models and show that mean position error can be reduced by up to 50 percent for given application scenarios. If distance measurement is available, filtering location information based on estimated error and confidence can improve accuracy of pedestrian dead reckoning techniques to approximately that of GPS using trilateration. C1 [Hemmes, Jeffrey] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thain, Douglas; Poellabauer, Christian] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. RP Hemmes, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Thain, Douglas/I-4666-2014 OI Thain, Douglas/0000-0001-5218-1956 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1867-8211 BN 978-3-642-11722-0 J9 L N INST COMP SCI SO PY 2010 VL 28 BP 422 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BBL09 UT WOS:000307263400028 ER PT S AU Ding, L Pudlewski, S Melodia, T Batalama, S Matyjas, JD Medley, MJ AF Ding, Lei Pudlewski, Scott Melodia, Tommaso Batalama, Stella Matyjas, John D. Medley, Michael J. BE Zheng, J Mao, S Midkiff, SF Zhu, H TI Distributed Spectrum Sharing for Video Streaming in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks SO AD HOC NETWORKS SE Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks (AdHocNets 2009) CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA DE Cross-layer design; spectrum sharing; video streaming; cognitive radio ID COMBINED SYNCHRONIZATION/DEMODULATION STRUCTURES; DS-CDMA SYSTEMS; WIRELESS NETWORKS; STABILITY AB A distributed joint routing and spectrum sharing algorithm for video streaming applications over cognitive radio ad hoc networks is proposed in this article. The proposed cross-layer control scheme dynamically allocates routes, spectrum and power to maximize the network throughput under the constraints posed by delay-sensitive video applications. The algorithm evaluates the expected delay of competing flows in single-hop and two-hop networks considering the time-varying spectrum condition and occupancy, traffic characteristics, and the condition of queues at intermediate nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the packet loss rate and improves the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the received video streams. C1 [Ding, Lei; Pudlewski, Scott; Melodia, Tommaso; Batalama, Stella] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.; Medley, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM leiding@eng.buffalo.edu; smp25@eng.buffalo.edu; tmelodia@eng.buffalo.edu; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil; michael.medleyl@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-08-1-0063] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-08-1-0063. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1867-8211 BN 978-3-642-11722-0 J9 L N INST COMP SCI SO PY 2010 VL 28 BP 855 EP + PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BBL09 UT WOS:000307263400059 ER PT S AU Cain, SC AF Cain, Stephen C. BE Rogers, S Casasent, DP Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI 3-D pupil plane imaging of opaque targets SO ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING, NON-IMAGING, AND UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging, Non-Imaging, and Unconventional Imaging Sensor Systems II CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Correlography; Pupil Plane Imaging; Bayesian Estimation; LADAR AB Correlography is a technique that allows image formation from non-imaged speckle patterns via their relationship to the autocorrelation of the scene. Algorithms designed to form images from this type of data represent a particular type of phase retrieval algorithm since the autocorrelation function is related to the Fourier magnitude of the scene but not the Fourier phase. Methods for forming 2-D images from far field intensity measurements have been explored previously, but no 3-D methods have been put forward for forming range images of a scene from this kind of measurement. Far-field intensity measurements are attractive large focusing optics are not required to form images. Pupil plane intensity imaging is also attractive due to the fact that the effects of atmospheric turbulence close to the imaging system are mitigated by the cancelation of phase errors in the intensity operation. This paper suggests a method for obtaining 3-D images of a scene through the use of successive 2-D pupil plane intensity measurements sampled with an APD (Avalanche Photo-Diode) array. The 2-D array samples the returning pulse from a laser at a fast enough rate to avoid aliasing of the pulse shape in time. The spatial pattern received by the array allows the Autocorrelation of the scene to be determined as a function of time. The temporal autocorrelation function contains range information to each point in the scene illuminated by the pulsed laser. The proposed algorithm uses a model for the LADAR pulse and its relation to the autocorrelation of the scene as a function of time to estimate the range to every point in the reconstructed scene assuming that all surfaces are opaque (meaning a second return from the same point in the scene is not anticipated). The method is demonstrated using a computer simulation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8314-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7818 AR 78180W DI 10.1117/12.864140 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSU45 UT WOS:000285826900027 ER PT S AU Gold, B Watson, M Vayette, C Fiduk, F AF Gold, Brian Watson, Mariah Vayette, Corey Fiduk, Francis BE Rogers, S Casasent, DP Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Intelligence Supportability in Future Systems SO ADAPTIVE CODED APERTURE IMAGING, NON-IMAGING, AND UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING SENSOR SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging, Non-Imaging, and Unconventional Imaging Sensor Systems II CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Intelligence; ISR; acquisition; analysis; material solution; requirements AB Advanced weaponry is providing an exponential increase in intelligence data collection capabilities and the Intelligence Community (IC) is not properly positioned for the influx of intelligence supportabilitiy requirements the defense acquisition community is developing for it. The Air Force Material Command (AFMC) has initiated the Intelligence Supportability Analysis (ISA) process to allow the IC to triage programs for intelligence sensitivities as well as begin preparations within the IC for the transition of future programs to operational status. The ISA process is accomplished through system decomposition, allowing analysts to identify intelligence requirements and deficiencies. Early collaboration and engagement by program managers and intelligence analysts is crucial to the success of intelligence sensitive programs through the utilization of a repeatable analytical framework for evaluating and making cognizant trade-offs between cost, schedule and performance. Addressing intelligence supportability early in the acquisition process will also influence system design and provide the necessary lead time for intelligence community to react and resource new requirements. C1 [Gold, Brian; Watson, Mariah; Vayette, Corey; Fiduk, Francis] USAF, AF Mat Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gold, B (reprint author), USAF, AF Mat Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.gold@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8314-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7818 AR 781802 DI 10.1117/12.863062 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSU45 UT WOS:000285826900002 ER PT S AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, G. BE Ellerbroek, BL Hart, M Hubin, N Wizinowich, PL TI Fast, Autonomous Holographic Adaptive Optics SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; holography; aberration correction AB We have created a new adaptive optics system using a holographic modal wavefront sensing method capable of autonomous (computer-free) closed-loop control of a MEMS deformable mirror. A multiplexed hologram is recorded using the maximum and minimum actuator positions on the deformable mirror as the "modes". On reconstruction, an input beam will be diffracted into pairs of focal spots - the ratio of particular pairs determines the absolute wavefront phase at a particular actuator location. The wavefront measurement is made using a fast, sensitive photo-detector array such as a multi-pixel photon counters. This information is then used to directly control each actuator in the MEMS DM without the need for any computer in the loop. We present initial results of a 32-actuator prototype device. We further demonstrate that being an all-optical, parallel processing scheme, the speed is independent of the number of actuators. In fact, the limitations on speed are ultimately determined by the maximum driving speed of the DM actuators themselves. Finally, being modal in nature, the system is largely insensitive to both obscuration and scintillation. This should make it ideal for laser beam transmission or imaging under highly turbulent conditions. C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Ste 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8226-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7736 AR 77362O DI 10.1117/12.855671 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSQ89 UT WOS:000285506400090 ER PT B AU Gilbert, KW Mall, S Leedy, KD AF Gilbert, Kevin W. Mall, Shankar Leedy, Kevin D. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI Characterization of Gold-Gold Microcontact Behavior Using a Nanoindenter Based Setup SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Micro-contact; nanoindenter; gold; MEMS switch; contact resistance; adhesion force ID MEMS-SWITCHES; CONTACT; METAL; RESISTANCE AB Gold-gold microcontact behavior of MEMS switches under cycling and hot-switching conditions was characterized experimentally. A nanoindenter based experimental setup was developed where a cantilever beam with contact bump was cycled in and out of physical contact with a flat plate to simulate the action of a MEMS ohmic contact switch. This arrangement offered a simple method to simulate MEMS switches with minimum fabrication effort. Cantilever beam and flat plate were fabricated from silicon, and then sputter coated with 300 nm of gold as the contact material. All contacts failed in adhesion with lifetimes ranging from 10 000 to more than one million cycles. Three failure mechanisms of the contacting surfaces were observed: ductile separation, delamination and brittle separation with short (less than 70 000 cycles), mid (190 000-500 000 cycles) and long (more than one million cycles) life, respectively. Resistance, contact adhesion, threshold force and distance, strain hardening, and plastic deformation were monitored during cycling. Initial contamination of the contact was burnt out quickly during cycling which resulted in a constant threshold force. Contact resistance was practically constant during the cycling in all tests. Time-dependent and plastic deformations of the contact were observed, and these were initially large which then decreased to a constant value with cycling. Thus, elastic-viscoplastic material model(s) with strain hardening capability are needed for the analysis of gold-gold microcontact. C1 [Gilbert, Kevin W.; Mall, Shankar] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Leedy, Kevin D.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP 265 EP 283 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400016 ER PT S AU Weiss, CA Morefield, SW Malone, PG Henry, KS Harte, SP Koenigstein, ML AF Weiss, Charles A., Jr. Morefield, Sean W. Malone, Philip G. Henry, Karen S. Harte, Sean P. Koenigstein, Michael L. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Mathur, S Ohji, T TI USE OF GLASS-CERAMIC COATINGS CONTAINING WATER-REACTIVE COMPONENTS AS A BONDING LAYER BETWEEN CONCRETE AND METAL SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB Vitreous enamels that were designed to bond tightly to metals can be combined with high-melting-point water-reactive silicate-and aluminate-based ceramics to form a bonding layer between a reinforcing metal and an inorganic cement, such as portland or calcium aluminate cement. Vitreous enamels can bond to a variety of metal surfaces, and a variety of water-reactive ceramics also bond tightly to vitreous enamel. The bond strength from steel to enamel is on the order of 35 MPa. The tensile strength of concrete is typically 10% of the compressive strength. The steel-to-enamel bond is over eight times the tensile strength of structural concrete (compressive strength = 40 MPa). The elevated water content of concrete at the metal surface lowers the bond strength into the range of 2.2 to 2.7 MPa thereby making the interface the weakest bond. Pull-out tests were used to demonstrate that using bonding enamel could produce a 4-fold increase in bond strength and make the interfacial bond strength exceed the tensile strength of the concrete. Using a bonding enamel allows the tensile strength at the interface to match the ultimate tensile strength of the concrete. Tests conducted with composite beams demonstrated an increase in strength in experimental beams made with coated versus uncoated steel tubes was observed after 7 days of curing. In sample beams cured for 28 days, the ultimate loading on the coated beams was increased by over 30% on average. The bonding enamel interfaces allows us to take advantage of the new generation of very-high strength concretes in new concrete-steel composites. C1 [Weiss, Charles A., Jr.; Morefield, Sean W.; Malone, Philip G.] USAE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Malone, Philip G.; Harte, Sean P.] USAF Acad, Rolla, MO USA. [Koenigstein, Michael L.] Pro Perma Engineered Coatings, Rolla, MO USA. RP Weiss, CA (reprint author), USAE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94396-0; 978-0-470-59468-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBU92 UT WOS:000308296400016 ER PT S AU Lu, Y Reinhardt, K AF Lu, Y. Reinhardt, K. BE Rosa, LG Margarido, F TI Combinatorial Study of New Materials Sensing High Temperature SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM V, PT 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Materials Symposium/14th Conference of the Sociedade-Portuguesa-de-Materiais CY APR 05-08, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Soc Portuguesa Mat, TMS, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Luso Amer, ELNOR, Paralab, Leica, INCM, SECIL, Gravimeta, CIMPOR, Werfen Grp, IZASA, OLYMPUS, JLF, Dias Sousa DE Temperature sensor; Combinatorial material strategy; Film deposition; Luminescence ID Y2O3 AB Interests in finding new rare-earth doped oxide materials able to remotely sense high temperature have been intensifying in recent years. If applied, advanced combinatorial strategy for materials science should be efficient in finding a suitable host material, and in optimizing a rare earth ion's doping concentration, luminescence intensity, emission lifetime, etc. This research demonstrates our preliminary effort to apply the advanced combinatorial material strategy to this new area of finding materials for sensing high temperatures. C1 [Lu, Y.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, K.] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 636-637 BP 295 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.636-637.295 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE07 UT WOS:000280763200045 ER PT S AU Lu, Y Reinhardt, K AF Lu, Y. Reinhardt, K. BE Rosa, LG Margarido, F TI Ytterbium/Yttrium Oxide Superlattices Sensing Strain under High Temperature SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM V, PT 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Materials Symposium/14th Conference of the Sociedade-Portuguesa-de-Materiais CY APR 05-08, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Soc Portuguesa Mat, TMS, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Luso Amer, ELNOR, Paralab, Leica, INCM, SECIL, Gravimeta, CIMPOR, Werfen Grp, IZASA, OLYMPUS, JLF, Dias Sousa DE Sensor; Strain superlattice; Rare-earth dopant; Luminescence ID PRESSURE; CRYSTALS AB Rare-earth (RE) doped oxide materials are one of the interesting sensor materials potentially able to remote-sense strain inside an object under high temperature. In contrast to commonly investigated temperature-sensing methods of monitoring temperature-dependent luminescent characteristics of those doped RE ions, sensing strain under high temperatures, however, will be much difficult. This research develops a new strained superlattice that has the potential to sense strain under the high temperature environment, via monitoring the superlattice's period-dependent luminescence. C1 [Lu, Y.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, K.] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 636-637 BP 301 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.636-637.301 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE07 UT WOS:000280763200046 ER PT S AU Lu, Y Li, L Reinhardt, K AF Lu, Y. Li, L. Reinhardt, K. BE Rosa, LG Margarido, F TI Absorption Enhancement of Solar Concentrators via New Surface Photonic Designs SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM V, PT 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Materials Symposium/14th Conference of the Sociedade-Portuguesa-de-Materiais CY APR 05-08, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Soc Portuguesa Mat, TMS, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Luso Amer, ELNOR, Paralab, Leica, INCM, SECIL, Gravimeta, CIMPOR, Werfen Grp, IZASA, OLYMPUS, JLF, Dias Sousa DE Solar cell; Absorption enhancement; Plasmonic resonance; Quasicrystal; Planar waveguide ID EFFICIENCY; CELLS AB Enhancing absorption of solar cells over the solar spectrum is one of the most important ways to improve such devices' performances. In this research, two-dimensional surface photonic designs were suggested to introduce rotationally distributed reciprocal vectors, which will match the guiding modes of the thin planar layer of an active material, and thus to further couple the incident light laterally into the layer. This allows the use of a fewer amount of active materials, increases the devices' angle acceptance, and reduces costs for both fabrication and system installation. C1 [Lu, Y.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Li, L.] Lutron Inc, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. [Reinhardt, K.] Air Force Office Sci Res AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 636-637 BP 855 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.636-637.855 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE07 UT WOS:000280763200129 ER PT S AU Li, L Lu, WX Lu, Y AF Li, L. Lu, W. X. Lu, Y. BE Rosa, LG Margarido, F TI Plasmon-Enhanced Luminescence Useful for Wavelength Shifting in Solar Cells SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM V, PT 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Materials Symposium/14th Conference of the Sociedade-Portuguesa-de-Materiais CY APR 05-08, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Soc Portuguesa Mat, TMS, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Luso Amer, ELNOR, Paralab, Leica, INCM, SECIL, Gravimeta, CIMPOR, Werfen Grp, IZASA, OLYMPUS, JLF, Dias Sousa DE Solar cell; Plasmonic resonance; Luminescence; Wavelength shifting ID UP-CONVERSION; NANOPARTICLES; EFFICIENCY; LIGHT AB Increasing spectral coverage of a solar cell over the entire solar spectrum is one of the most important energy harvesting ways. In this research, an alternative approach of using plasmon-enhanced luminescence to realize an efficient wavelength shifting potentially useful for solar cells was discussed. Plasmon-enhanced luminescence was experimentally shown in erbium-doped yttria films integrated with arrays of metallic nanostructures having different sizes, in which a strongly enhanced and nanoparticle size-dependent luminescent behavior was observed. C1 [Li, L.; Lu, W. X.] Lutron Inc, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. [Lu, Y.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Lutron Inc, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. EM lingli@lutronics.com; yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 636-637 BP 860 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.636-637.860 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE07 UT WOS:000280763200130 ER PT S AU Sheely, EV Burggraf, LW Adamson, PE Duan, XFF Schmidt, MW AF Sheely, Eugene V. Burggraf, Larry W. Adamson, Paul E. Duan, Xiaofeng F. Schmidt, Mike W. BE Higemoto, W Kawasuso, A TI Application of GAMESS/NEO to quantum calculations of muonic molecules SO ADVANCED SCIENCE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2009: POSITRON, MUON AND OTHER EXOTIC PARTICLE BEAMS FOR MATERIALS AND ATOMIC/MOLECULAR SCIENCES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Science Research International Symposium CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr HO Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr ID ELECTRONIC ORBITAL METHOD; HYDROGEN-TRANSFER SYSTEMS; PROTON CORRELATION AB The General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS) has been modified to perform studies involving negative muons. This system, coupled with the Nuclear-Electronic Orbital (NEO) method enables the ab-initio study of muonic atoms where both the negative muon and the positive nuclei are modeled as quantum particles. This is of particular usefulness in the study light nuclei, muonic atoms, such as is encountered in muon-catalyzed fusion. NEO was also modified to allow the inclusion of positive exotic-particles to be studied using open and closed shell Hartree-Fock and Configuration Interaction. Capitalizing on these modified methods, the muon density and vibrational dynamics of some light muonic molecules have been analyzed. C1 [Sheely, Eugene V.; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adamson, Paul E.] HPM Technol Branch, HPM Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Duan, Xiaofeng F.] DSRC, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schmidt, Mike W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sheely, EV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Eugene.Sheely@afit.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 225 AR 012049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/225/1/012049 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BTK77 UT WOS:000287178900049 ER PT S AU Williams, CS Burggraf, LW Adamson, PE Petrosky, JC Oxley, ME AF Williams, Christopher S. Burggraf, Larry W. Adamson, Paul E. Petrosky, James C. Oxley, Mark E. BE Higemoto, W Kawasuso, A TI Simultaneous, coincident 2-D ACAR and DBAR using segmented HPGe detectors incorporating sub-pixel interpolation SO ADVANCED SCIENCE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2009: POSITRON, MUON AND OTHER EXOTIC PARTICLE BEAMS FOR MATERIALS AND ATOMIC/MOLECULAR SCIENCES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Science Research International Symposium CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr HO Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr AB A three-dimensional Positron Annihilation Spectrometry System (3D PASS) for determination of 3D electron-positron (e(-)-e(+)) momentum densities by measuring coincident annihilation photons was designed, constructed and characterized. 3D PASS collects a single data set including correlated photon energies and coincident photon positions which are typically collected separately by two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D ACAR) and two-detector coincident Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation (CDBAR) spectrometry. 3D PASS is composed of two position-sensitive, high-purity germanium (HPGe) double-sided strip detectors (DSSD(s)) linked together by a 32-channel, 50 MHz digital electronics suite. The DSSDs data were analyzed to determine location of photon detection events using an interpolation method to achieve a spatial resolution less than the 5-mm width of the DSSDs' charge collection strips. The interpolation method relies on measuring a figure-of-merit proportional to the area of the transient charges observed on both strips directly adjacent to the charge collection strip detecting the full charge deposited by the annihilation photon. This sub-pixel resolution, corresponding to the error associated with event location within a sub-pixel was measured for both DSSDs using the approach outlined in Williams et al [1] and was on the order of +/- 0.20 mm (+/- one-standard deviation). As a result of the sub-pixel resolution, the distance between the DSSDs and material sample was reduced by a factor of five compared to what is typically required in 2D ACAR systems was necessary to achieve 0.5-mrad angular resolution. This reduction in the system's footprint decreases attenuation of the annihilation photons in the air between the material sample and the DSSDs and increases the solid angle between the sample and the DSSDs, ultimately resulting in higher system detection efficiency. 3D PASS was characterized in the same manner comparable to state-of-the-art 2D ACAR and CDBAR spectrometers. 3D PASS spectra were collected and analyzed for single-crystal copper (Cu) and silicon carbide (6H SiC) and compared with the results in the literature. C1 [Williams, Christopher S.; Burggraf, Larry W.; Petrosky, James C.; Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Adamson, Paul E.] HPM Div, High Power Microwave Technol Branch, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Williams, CS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.williams@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency. FX This research was sponsored in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 225 AR 012058 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/225/1/012058 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BTK77 UT WOS:000287178900058 ER PT S AU Myers, MM Dayton, DC Gonglewski, JD Fertig, G Allen, J Nolasco, R Burns, D Mons, I AF Myers, Michael M. Dayton, David C. Gonglewski, John D. Fertig, Gregory Allen, Jeff Nolasco, Rudolph Burns, Dennis Mons, Ishan BE Dayton, DC Rhoadarmer, TA Sanchez, DJ TI SWIR Air Glow Mapping of the Night Sky SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB It is well known that luminance from photo-chemical reactions of hydroxyl ions in the upper atmosphere (similar to 85 km altitude) produces a significant amount of night time radiation in the short wave infra-red (SWIR) band of wave length 0.9 to 1.7 mu m. Numerous studies of these phenomena have demonstrated that the irradiance shows significant temporal and spatial variations in the night sky. Changes in weather patterns, seasons, sun angle, moonlight, etc have the propensity to alter the SWIR air glow irradiance pattern. By performing multiple SWIR measurements a mosaic representation of the celestial hemisphere was constructed and used to investigate these variations over time and space. The experimental setup consisted of two sensors, an InGaAs SWIR detector and a visible astronomical camera, co-located and bore sighted on an AZ-EL gimbal. This gimbal was programmed to view most of the sky using forty five discrete azimuth and elevation locations. The dwell time at each location was 30 seconds with a total cycle time of less than 30 minutes. The visible astronomical camera collected image data simultaneous with the SWIR camera in order to distinguish SWIR patterns from clouds. Data was reduced through batch processing producing polar representations of the sky irradiance as a function of azimuth, elevation, and time. These spatio-temporal variations in the irradiance, both short and long term, can be used to validate and calibrate physical models of atmospheric chemistry and turbulence. In this paper we describe our experimental setup and present some results of our measurements made over several months in a rural marine environment on the Islands of Kauai and Maui Hawaii. C1 [Myers, Michael M.; Gonglewski, John D.; Fertig, Gregory; Nolasco, Rudolph] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Myers, MM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-312-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7816 AR 78160J DI 10.1117/12.862544 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSU43 UT WOS:000285826600016 ER PT S AU Shtyrkova, K Arguello, L Oesch, D Sanchez, DJ Kelly, P Tewksbury-Christle, C Smith, J AF Shtyrkova, Katia Arguello, Loretta Oesch, Denis Sanchez, Darryl J. Kelly, Patrick Tewksbury-Christle, Carolyn Smith, Julie BE Dayton, DC Rhoadarmer, TA Sanchez, DJ TI Experimental Analysis of Diffraction Effects from a Segmented MEMS Deformable Mirror for a Closed Loop Adaptive Optics System. SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; MEMS; diffraction; spatial filtering; segmented DM AB Micro-Electro-Machined Systems (MEMS) have been increasingly used as mirrors in place of conventional continuous face sheet deformable mirrors (DM) in adaptive optics (AO) systems. Here we study the diffraction effects introduced into the optical path when a segmented MEMS DM is used to correct for the wavefront aberrations. Diffraction effects are monitored through the intermediate focus plane prior to the wavefront sensor. Low pass spatial filter is used at that plane in order to investigate how the masking of various diffraction orders affects the phase. Measured phase and focal image plane data for various turbulence conditions are presented and analyzed. C1 [Shtyrkova, Katia; Sanchez, Darryl J.; Kelly, Patrick; Tewksbury-Christle, Carolyn; Smith, Julie] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Shtyrkova, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM katia.shtyrkova@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-312-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7816 AR 781608 DI 10.1117/12.861544 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSU43 UT WOS:000285826600006 ER PT S AU Smith, JC Brown, J Sanchez, DJ Oesch, DW Kelly, P Shtyrkova, K Tewksbury-Christle, CM AF Smith, Julie C. Brown, James Sanchez, Darryl J. Oesch, Denis W. Kelly, Patrick Shtyrkova, Katia Tewksbury-Christle, Carolyn M. BE Dayton, DC Rhoadarmer, TA Sanchez, DJ TI An Experimental Study Showing the Effects on a Standard PI Controller Using a Segmented MEMS DM Acting as a Mod(lambda) Device SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Deformable Mirror; MEMS; Adaptive Optics; Control Law AB The ASALT lab has been investigating the use of a segmented MEMS DM in adaptive optics systems. One of the anticipated benefits of a segmented device is that in monochromatic light the throw is essentially infinite due to the modulo 2p nature of the device. Earlier work demonstrated how this modulo 2p behavior interacts unexpectedly with a standard proportional integral controller. Here we present experimental data on this effect to include the testbed on which the data was taken and the methodology used to measure the effect. C1 [Smith, Julie C.; Sanchez, Darryl J.; Kelly, Patrick; Shtyrkova, Katia; Tewksbury-Christle, Carolyn M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Smith, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-312-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7816 AR 78160H DI 10.1117/12.859837 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSU43 UT WOS:000285826600014 ER PT S AU Spencer, MF Cusumano, SJ Schmidt, JD Fiorino, ST AF Spencer, Mark F. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Schmidt, Jason D. Fiorino, Steven T. BE Dayton, DC Rhoadarmer, TA Sanchez, DJ TI Impact of spatial resolution on thermal blooming phase compensation instability SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thermal Blooming; Phase Compensation Instability; Laser Propagation AB Phase compensation instability (PCI) is the time-dependent development of spatial perturbations that occur within thermally bloomed high-energy laser (HEL) beams. These types of spatial perturbations act as local hot spots that create small negative lenses within the HEL beam. Closed-loop adaptive optics (AO) corrects for these spatial perturbations by applying small positive-lens phase compensations, which only increases the strength of the local hot spots and leads to runaway in the adaptive-optics servo. This study uses a straightforward wave-optics code to model horizontal propagation with the effects of thermal blooming for a focused Gaussian beam. The strength of the thermal blooming effects is characterized using the classic dimensionless distortion number. A nominal AO system is used to mitigate phase distortions accumulated from thermal blooming. Parameters within the AO system, such as the number of actuators on the deformable mirror and the resolution of the wavefront sensor, are varied to determine the impact of spatial resolution in the development of the PCI. C1 [Spencer, Mark F.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.; Schmidt, Jason D.; Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spencer, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.spencer@afit.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-312-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7816 AR 781609 DI 10.1117/12.859936 PG 25 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSU43 UT WOS:000285826600007 ER PT S AU Burke, J Varanasi, CV Brunke, L Wang, H Lee, JH Barnes, PN AF Burke, J. Varanasi, C. V. Brunke, L. Wang, H. Lee, J. H. Barnes, P. N. BE Balachandran, U TI MICROSTRUCTURE AND CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY OF YBa2Cu3O7-x + BaSnO3 THICK FILMS GROWN WITH PRE-MIXED PULSED LASER ABLATION TARGET SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE high-temperature superconductors; BaSnO3; critical current density; superconducting transition temperature; YBa2Cu3O7-x ID DISPERSIONS; FILMS AB YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) + BaSnO3 (BSO) thin films with BSO nanocolumns have been shown to have improved critical current density (J(c)) in applied magnetic fields. Previously, a sectored target was used to grow thick (> 2.5 mu m) YBCO + BSO films. In the present study, a premixed YBCO + BSO (20 mol %) target was used to grow thick films (>3 mu m) to determine if similar high quality thick films can be obtained as with the sectored target approach In the case of the premixed target, BSO material is continuously supplied as opposed to the sectored target method. YBCO + BSO thick film samples processed using a premixed target were also found to have high J(c) at high fields with J(c) > 10(4) A/cm(2) at 8 T at 77 K, whereas typical YBCO films carry only 10(2) A/cm(2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on these films indicated that BSO nanocolumns with a diameter of similar to 8-11 nm extend through the thickness of the films. he critical transition temperature (T-c) for the films was found to be similar to 87 K, regardless of thickness. C1 [Burke, J.; Varanasi, C. V.; Brunke, L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wang, H.; Lee, J. H.] Texas A&M, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Burke, J.; Varanasi, C. V.; Brunke, L.; Barnes, P. N.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burke, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX Funding Support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The authors would like to thank John Murphy for technical assistance. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 355 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402323 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400044 ER PT S AU Varanasi, CV Reichart, J Burke, J Wang, H Susner, M Sumption, M Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, C. V. Reichart, J. Burke, J. Wang, H. Susner, M. Sumption, M. Barnes, P. N. BE Balachandran, U TI SECOND PHASE (BaGeO3, BaSiO3) NANOCOLUMNS IN YBa2Cu3O7-x FILMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Flux pinning; BaSnO3; BaGeO3; BaSiO3; YBa2Cu3O7-x; coated conductors; pulsed laser deposition ID DENSITY AB YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films with BaGeO3 (BGeO), BaS1O(3) (BSiO) second phase additions were processed by pulsed laser deposition. Sectored targets with BGO or BSA) wedges as well as pre-mixed targets of YBCO, BGeO or BSI with appropriate compositions were used to deposit YBCO+BGeO and YBCO+BSIO films on (100) single crystal LaAlO3 substrates. The cross-sectional transmission electron micrographs showed the presence of 20 nm diameter nanocolumns in the YBCO films of both the compositions. However, the critical transition temperature (TO of the films was found to significantly decrease. As a result, the critical current density (Jr) in applied magnetic fields was suppressed. The YBCO+BGeO and YBCO+BSiO films made with lower concentrations of additions showed slight improvement in Te indicating that the substitution of Ge and Si in the lattice is possibly responsible for the T, depression. This study shows that in addition to the ability to form nanocolumns, the chemical compatibility of BaSnO3 (BSO) and BaZrO3 (BZO) as observed in YBCO+BSO and YBCO+BZO is critical to process high J(c), YBCO films C1 [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Susner, M.; Sumption, M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.; Barnes, P. N.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Susner, Michael/B-1666-2013; Susner, Michael/G-3275-2015; Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Susner, Michael/0000-0002-1211-8749; Susner, Michael/0000-0002-1211-8749; Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX Funding Support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The authors would like to thank John Murphy for technical assistance. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 362 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402324 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400045 ER PT S AU Polak, M Mozola, P Barnes, PN Levin, GA AF Polak, M. Mozola, P. Barnes, P. N. Levin, G. A. BE Balachandran, U TI THE EFFECT OF A FILAMENT INTERRUPTION ON CURRENT-VOLTAGE CURVES AND CRITICAL CURRENTS OF FILAMENTARY YBCO TAPES WITH SUPERCONDUCTING BRIDGES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE filamentary YBCO tapes; current sharing; filament interruption; defects ID COATED CONDUCTORS; AC LOSSES; REDUCTION; FIELD AB The interruption of a filament in filamentary YBCO conductors reduces the critical current of the tape along the whole length of the tape Multiply connected filamentary YBCO superconducting tapes were previously proposed as a means to allow current sharing between filaments in case of such interruption. To study the efficiency of such architecture, we studied the I-V curves and critical currents of model filamentary YBCO tapes with 10 filaments 1 mm wide, which were interconnected by several superconducting bridges. The effect of a break in one or more filaments on the I-V curves, n-factor, and critical current of the model tape was measured and reported. The effect of the contact arrangements on the current distribution in the filaments of the tape was also studied. C1 [Polak, M.; Mozola, P.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. [Barnes, P. N.; Levin, G. A.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; USAF [FA8655-07-1-3005]; Euratom, project [FU07-CT-2007-00051] FX This effort was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, USAF, under grant number FA8655-07-1-3005. M. P. and P. M. acknowledge also the support of Euratom, project FU07-CT-2007-00051. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 380 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402326 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400047 ER PT S AU Razani, A Fraser, T Dodson, C Roberts, T AF Razani, A. Fraser, T. Dodson, C. Roberts, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION BASED ON EXERGY FLOW FOR A TWO-STAGED PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATOR SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Exergy analysis; Multi-stage; Cryocoolers; Pulse tubes; Irreversibility AB A control thermodynamic model for a two-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerators (PTRs) is developed based on exergy flow in the refrigerator. The model includes flow conductance, heat transfer effectiveness, and conduction heat transfer parameters for regenerators in both stages. It is assumed that a phase shift controller exists in both stages to control the phase shift between the pressure and mass flow rates that can control and optimize the performance of the refrigerator. The effects of the allocation of the values of flow conductance and ineffectiveness parameters in the regenerators, the mid-stage temperature, and the phase shift in each stage on the performance of the refrigerator are investigated. Important dimensionless parameters controlling the thermodynamic performance of two-stage PTRs, including a model to quantify the magnitude of different components of irreversibility in the regenerators, is developed and discussed. C1 [Razani, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fraser, T.] Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Razani, A.; Dodson, C.; Roberts, T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Thermal Res Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razani, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 113 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422277 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800014 ER PT S AU Dodson, C Razani, A Roberts, T AF Dodson, C. Razani, A. Roberts, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI INERTANCE TUBE MODELING AND THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Inertance tube; cryocoolers; pulse tube refrigerators; oscillating flow; computational fluid dynamics ID PULSE TUBE AB Pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs) have made dramatic improvements in reliability, efficiency and usage. Inertance tube PTRs have been one of the keys to these improvements. The inertance tube is the component in the PTR that most easily affects the control of the PTR fluid dynamics. In one application in multistage cryocoolers, the performance of inertance tubes at the cryogenic temperatures is of interest. One purpose of this paper is to understand how temperature and the size of the reservoir influence the phase shift between mass flow rate and pressure at the inlet of the inertance tube. Various models including a two dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) will be compared to understand how these models can predict the phase shift and the acoustic power. C1 [Dodson, C.; Razani, A.; Roberts, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dodson, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1063/1.3422288 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800015 ER PT S AU Roush, F AF Roush, F. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI USAF SPACE SENSING CRYOGENIC CONSIDERATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan AB Infrared (IR) space sensing missions of the future depend upon low mass components and highly capable imaging technologies. Limitations in visible imaging due to the earth's shadow drive the use of IR surveillance methods for a wide variety of applications for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) applications, and almost certainly in Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) missions. Utilization of IR sensors greatly expands and improves mission capabilities including target and target behavioral discrimination. Background IR emissions and electronic noise that is inherently present in Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) and surveillance optics bench designs prevents their use unless they are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. This paper describes the role of cryogenic coolers as an enabling technology for generic ISR and BMD missions and provides ISR and BMD mission and requirement planners with a brief glimpse of this critical technology implementation potential. The interaction between cryogenic refrigeration component performance and the IR sensor optics and FPA can be seen as not only mission enabling but also as mission performance enhancing when the refrigeration system is considered as part of an overall optimization problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roush, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1063/1.3422374 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800045 ER PT S AU Okolica, J Peterson, G AF Okolica, James Peterson, Gilbert BE Chow, KP Shenoi, S TI A COMPILED MEMORY ANALYSIS TOOL SO ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSICS VI SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IFIP WG 11 9 International Conference on Digital Forensics CY JAN 04-06, 2010 CL Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Univ Hong Kong DE Live response; memory analysis; rootkit detection AB The analysis of computer memory is becoming increasingly important in digital forensic investigations. Volatile memory analysis can provide valuable indicators on what to search for on a hard drive, help recover passwords to encrypted hard drives and possibly refute defense claims that criminal activity was the result of a malware infection. Historically, digital forensic investigators have performed live response by executing multiple utilities. However, using a single tool to capture and analyze computer memory is more efficient and has less impact on the system state (potential evidence). This paper describes CMAT, a self-contained tool that extracts forensic information from a memory dump and presents it in a format that is suitable for further analysis. A comparison of the results obtained with utilities that are commonly employed in live response demonstrates that CMAT provides similar information and identifies malware that is missed by the utilities. C1 [Okolica, James; Peterson, Gilbert] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Okolica, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-64215-505-5 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2010 VL 337 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBD81 UT WOS:000306578700014 ER PT B AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. BE Berhardt, LV TI Leg Muscle Responses to Stimulation by TASER (R) Conducted Energy Weapons: Similarities with Voluntary Muscle Contractions during Exercise SO ADVANCES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, VOL 7 SE Advances in Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STUN DEVICE DISCHARGES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; QUADRICEPS FEMORIS; INJURY; DAMAGE; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; SERUM; MYOGLOBIN; VELOCITY AB TASER conducted energy weapons (CEWs) cause incapacitation due to leg muscle contraction resulting in "gravitational dysreflexia (i.e. fall to the ground), and loss of ability to perform coordinated action for the duration of the impulse" [Stratbucker et al. 2006]. Normal postural reflexes are not able to overcome the loss of muscle control. In this commentary, explanations are provided regarding differences or similarities between skeletal muscle responses to voluntary muscle contraction (or exercise) and electrically-induced muscle contraction (such as that occurring during CEW applications). A quadruped (Sus scrofa) model is noted to be satisfactory for comparison with humans. Although muscle-contraction responses to CEW applications generally bypass volition, some aspects of CEW responses are analogous to changes during exercise. In spite of some differences in the details of recruitment patterns of muscle motor units, there are also many similarities between electrical stimulation at high levels and the voluntary muscle action occurring during exercise. These modes of muscle contraction can result in some comparable physiological changes. Because of these similarities, knowledge of previous studies of exercise/muscle contraction may be relevant to responses during CEW applications. Potential muscle injuries after CEW applications may resemble injuries after exercise, on the basis of measured increases in total plasma creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), the CPK-MM isoenzyme fraction, and myoglobin. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61728-008-5 J9 ADV MED BIOL PY 2010 VL 7 BP 169 EP 179 PG 11 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BSD96 UT WOS:000284242000007 ER PT B AU Warren, R AF Warren, Rik BE Vink, P Kantola, J TI Evolving Problem-Solving Performance by Mixed-Culture Dyadic Teams SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL, SOCIAL, AND ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Culture; Teams; Cooperative Problem Solving; Role-Play Games AB Disaster relief teams may be formed quickly with previously unacquainted members coming from diverse cultures. The effectiveness of such newly-formed mixed-culture teams in solving complex problems depends, in part, on how well its members communicate, cooperate, and share information. These are all factors which can be affected by cultural differences, but which also depend on the evolving history of the team and the accumulation of effects. The purpose of the study described here was to assess the effects of cultural composition on evolving problem-solving effectiveness using a role-play game in which two teammates are asked to solve a series of puzzles necessitating communication and cooperation for success. The results for 27 mixed- and same-nationality dyads are not monotonically increasing or decreasing functions of time, but rather show more complex patterns. Although the magnitudes of the correlations of nationality-mixture type with performance increase with team-experience, the directions of the correlations are not always in the expected directions. Considerations for using role-play games in research on cultural effects on teamwork are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Warren, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing RHXB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3509-8 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY33 UT WOS:000286106600032 ER PT J AU Jang, J Jang, M Mui, W Delcomyn, CA Henley, MV Hearn, JD AF Jang, Jaeyoun Jang, Myoseon Mui, Wilton Delcomyn, Carrie A. Henley, Michael V. Hearn, John D. TI Formation of Active Chlorine Oxidants in Saline-Oxone Aerosol SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; BIOLOGICAL AGENTS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; OXIDATION; INACTIVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ALDEHYDES; ESTERS; ACID AB The application of oxidative reactions of Oxone (R) R [2KHSO(5) KHSO(4) K(2)SO(4)] as an active decontaminant has been mainly utilized through the aqueous solution. However, little is known about reactivity of aerosolized Oxone particles although the use of appropriate aerosolized oxidants would have significant value in remediating contaminated surfaces. In this study, the feasibility of producing active chlorine species from saline-Oxone aerosols was studied using a 2-m(3) Teflon film chamber. To evaluate the oxidative capability of a saline-Oxone aerosol, the aerosol was collected onto filters impregnated with a dye (e. g., metanil yellow) that reacts with active chlorine in the aerosol, and monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy. Spectral data showed that the dye compound was 86% oxidized by active chlorine within 4 min. There was no significant difference in oxidation capability between with buffer and without buffer system, although the presence of phosphate buffer somewhat retarded the formation rate of active chlorine in saline-Oxone aerosol particles. Saline-Oxone aerosols were found to be highly acidic as determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, indicating that the aerosol produced mostly an undissociated form of active chlorine species (e. g., HOCl and Cl(2)) that was susceptible to partitioning into the gas phase. Our study concludes that the aerosolized saline-Oxone is a feasible chlorine oxidant, but the efficiency of such an approach still needs investigation. C1 [Jang, Jaeyoun; Jang, Myoseon; Mui, Wilton] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Delcomyn, Carrie A.; Hearn, John D.] Applied Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Henley, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Jang, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mjang@ufl.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Air Force Research Laboratory [080623, FA8650-08-1-5916]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0757443, ATM 0852747] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory (Project: 080623: FA8650-08-1-5916) and the National Science Foundation (ATM-0757443 and ATM 0852747). NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1018 EP 1026 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.507612 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668XD UT WOS:000283307200010 ER PT J AU Schwartz, NA AF Schwartz, Norton A. TI Conversations with Gen. Norton A. Schwartz. SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwartz, Norton A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schwartz, Norton A.] US Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. RP Schwartz, NA (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V24JM UT WOS:000208406700007 ER PT J AU Donohoe, GW Lyke, JC AF Donohoe, Gregory W. Lyke, James C. BE Arif, TT TI Reconfigurable Computing for Space SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Donohoe, Gregory W.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Lyke, James C.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Donohoe, GW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 37 EP 50 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200004 ER PT J AU Soldovieri, F Deming, R Pierri, R AF Soldovieri, Francesco Deming, Ross Pierri, Rocco TI An improved version of the relative entropy minimization approach for the phase retrieval problem SO AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Antenna diagnostics; Phase retrieval; Non linear inverse problem; Entropy minimization; Local minima ID RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS; QUADRATIC APPROACH; RADIATED FIELDS; INTENSITY; INFORMATION; IMAGE AB This paper presents an investigation on the reliability of an iterative phase retrieval (PR) approach from intensity-only measurements on multiple planes. PR tends to converge, regardless of the particular method chosen, in the ideal case where intensity is negligible outside the scan plane field-of-view. However, convergence may be adversely affected when the intensity distribution extends beyond the field-of-view. In this paper, a remedy is proposed for data truncation, and is tested on a recently introduced PR method [R.W. Deming, Phase retrieval from intensity-only data by relative entropy minimization, J Opt Soc Am A 24 (2007) 3666-3679]. This remedy incorporates a priori knowledge about the extent of the source under test by way of constraints in the plane-wave spectrum (PWS) of the unknown complex wave field. In addition, the adopted representation permits control of the path to convergence using a gradual increase in the number of unknown model parameters during the PR iterations. Reconstruction results show the feasibility and reliability of the proposed solution strategy. (C) 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Soldovieri, Francesco] CNR, IREA, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Deming, Ross] USAF, Gen Dynam IT Inc, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate,RYHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Pierri, Rocco] Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-81031 Aversa, Italy. RP Soldovieri, F (reprint author), CNR, IREA, Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Naples, Italy. EM soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it OI SOLDOVIERI, FRANCESCO/0000-0002-0377-3127 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1434-8411 J9 AEU-INT J ELECTRON C JI AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.aeue.2008.11.003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 547LM UT WOS:000273890200007 ER PT J AU Spottswood, SM Hollkamp, JJ Eason, TG AF Spottswood, S. Michael Hollkamp, Joseph J. Eason, Thomas G. TI Reduced-Order Models for a Shallow Curved Beam Under Combined Loading SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 49th Structures, Structural Dynamic and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2008 CL Schaumburg, IL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID PLATES AB Future U.S. Air Force vehicles require structures that can withstand extreme combined environments. Examples include vehicles exposed to launch, sustained hypersonic velocities, reentry, and stealthy aircraft with buried engines and ducted exhaust. Two of the many conditions that a structure in these environments will experience are elevated temperatures and high acoustic loading. Computational methods are needed to rapidly explore the design space for extreme environment structures. There has been a significant amount of work toward developing reduced-order modeling to address the issue of sonic fatigue. These methods have been demonstrated to be useful for predicting the geometric nonlinear response of aircraft structures to stochastic loading. Recent work also demonstrates that these methods are able to predict the response of planar structures in these combined environments. The present study demonstrates that the implicit condensation reduced-order modeling method can also be extended to curved structures experiencing combined thermal-acoustic loading with changing thermal conditions. Successful displacement and strain comparisons for a curved beam structure are made between results from a commercial finite element code and reduced-order models, using a single random pressure load (162 dB) and varying temperature cases. C1 [Spottswood, S. Michael; Hollkamp, Joseph J.; Eason, Thomas G.] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spottswood, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.2514/1.38707 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600003 ER PT J AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C Shen, MHH AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles Shen, M. -H. Herman TI Multi-Axial Fatigue-Life Prediction via a Strain-Energy Method SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB A strain-energy-based method has been developed to predict the fatigue life of a structure subjected to either shear or biaxial bending loads at various stress ratios. The framework for this method is an advancement of previously conducted research that validates a uniaxial energy-based fatigue-life-prediction approach. The understanding behind the approach states that the total strain energy dissipated during a monotonic fracture and a cyclic process is the same material property, where the experimental strain-energy density of each can be determined by measuring the area underneath the monotonic true stress-strain curve and the area within a hysteresis loop, respectively. The developed framework consists of two elements: a life-prediction method that calculates shear fatigue-life cycles and a multi-axial life-prediction method capable of calculating biaxial fatigue-life cycles. A comparison was made between the two framework elements and experimental results front three different aluminum alloys. The comparison shows encouraging agreement, thus providing credence in the prediction capabilities of the proposed energy-based framework. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Onome.Scott-Emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the National Research Council and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, specifically, the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility laboratory, for their financial support, facility and equipment access, and encouragement of this research. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.2514/1.39296 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600005 ER PT J AU Lee, S Goettke, MK Loth, E Tinapple, J Benek, J AF Lee, S. Goettke, M. K. Loth, E. Tinapple, J. Benek, John TI Microramps Upstream of an Oblique-Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 25th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION AB To examine the potential of micro vortex generators for shock/boundary-layer interaction control, a detailed experimental and computational study in a supersonic boundary laver at M = 3.0 was undertaken. The experiments employed a flat-plate boundary layer with an impinging oblique shock with downstream total-pressure measurements. The moderate Reynolds number of 3800 allowed the computations to use monotone-integrated large eddy simulations. The monotone-integrated large eddy simulations predictions indicated that the shock changes the structure of the turbulent eddies and The primary vortices generated from the microramp. Furthermore, they generally reproduced the experimentally obtained mean velocity profiles, unlike similarly resolved Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes computations. The experiments and monotone-integrated large eddy simulations results indicate that the microramps, for which the height is h approximate to 0.5 delta, can significantly reduce boundary-layer thickness and improve downstream boundary-layer health as measured by the incompressible shape function H. Regions directly behind the ramp centerline tended to have increased boundary-layer thickness, indicating the significant three-dimensionality of the flowfield. Compared with baseline sizes, smaller microramps yielded improved total-pressure recovery. Moving the smaller ramps closer to the shock interaction also reduced the displacement thickness and the separated area. This effect is attributed to decreased wave drag and the closer proximity of the vortex pairs to the wall. C1 [Lee, S.; Loth, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Goettke, M. K.; Tinapple, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Benek, John] USAF, Res Lab, CFD Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Lee, Sang/F-4023-2012; Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 104 EP 118 DI 10.2514/1.41776 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600009 ER PT J AU Briones, AM Zelina, J Katta, VR AF Briones, Alejandro M. Zelina, Joseph Katta, Viswanath R. TI Flame Stabilization in Small Cavities SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLOW; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION; GRAVITY; DRAG AB This research is motivated by the necessity to improve the performance of ultracompact combustors, which requires flame stabilization in small cavities. An extensive computational investigation on the characteristics of cavity-stabilized flames is presented. A high-fidelity, time-accurate, implicit algorithm that uses a global chemical mechanism for JP8-air combustion and includes detailed thermodynamic and transport properties as well as radiation effects is used for simulation. Calculations are performed using both direct numerical simulation and standard k-epsilon Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model. The flow unsteadiness is first examined in large axisymmetric and small planar cavities with nonreactive flows. As with previous investigations on axisymmetric cavities, multiple flow regimes were obtained by varying cavity length (x/D(0)): wake backflow regime, unsteady cavity vortex regime, steady cavity vortex regime, and compressed cavity vortex regime. However, planar cavities only exhibit steady cavity vortex and compressed cavity vortex regimes. Two opposed nonaligned air jets were positioned in this planar cavity: the outermost air jet in coflow with the mainstream flow (i.e., normal injection). The fuel jet was injected either in coflow, crossflow, or counterflow with respect to the mainstream flow. Flow unsteadiness was observed to be relatively small for collow- and crossflow-fuel-jet injection. By reversing the air jet positions (i.e., reverse injection), the flow unsteadiness is promoted regardless of fuel jet positioning. Finally, the effect of combustion and cavity equivalence ratio (phi(CAV)) on flame unsteadiness is addressed. With normal injection (reverse injection), low and high phi(CAV) leads to low (high) and high (low) flame unsteadiness, respectively. Based on these results recommendations are provided to designers/engineers to reduce flame unsteadiness in these cavities. C1 [Briones, Alejandro M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy & Environm Engn Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Zelina, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Briones, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy & Environm Engn Div, 300 Coll Pk 0043, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-2-2347] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number F33615-03-2-2347. We also thank W. M. Roquemore from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/RZTC for his insightful comments. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.2514/1.44162 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600020 ER PT S AU O'Dell, DC Bostick, R Hawks, MR Swenson, ED Black, JT Cobb, RG Perram, GP AF O'Dell, Daniel C. Bostick, Randy Hawks, Michael R. Swenson, Eric D. Black, Jonathan T. Cobb, Richard G. Perram, Glen P. BE Henry, DJ TI Chromotomographic Imager Field Demonstration Results SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VII CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Chromo; Tomographic; Chromotomographic; Hyperspectral; Direct Vision Prism AB A field deployable hyperspectral imager utilizing chromotomography (CT), with a direct vision prism (DVP) as the dispersive element, has been constructed at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). A "shift and add" reconstruction algorithm was used to resolve spectral and spatial content of the collected data. The AFIT instrument is currently the fastest known imaging DVP based hyperspectral CT instrument of its type and is a prototype for a space-based system. The imager captured images at rates up to 900 frames per second (fps) and acquired data cube information in 55 ms, during testing. This instrument has the ability to capture spatial and spectral data of static and transient scenes. During testing, the imager captured spectral data of a rapidly evolving scene (a firecracker detonation) lasting approximately 0.12 s. Spectral results included potassium and sodium emission lines present during the explosion and an absorption feature as the fireball extinguishes. Spatial and spectral reconstruction of a scene in which an explosion occurs during the middle of the collection period is also presented in this paper. The instrument is capable of acquiring data required to identify, classify and characterize transient battlespace events, such as explosions. C1 [O'Dell, Daniel C.; Bostick, Randy; Hawks, Michael R.; Swenson, Eric D.; Black, Jonathan T.; Cobb, Richard G.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hawks, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.o'dell@afit.edu; mhawks@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8132-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7668 AR 766804 DI 10.1117/12.849702 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS38 UT WOS:000285628000004 ER PT S AU Spidell, MT Gordon, JM Pitz, J Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Spidell, Matthew T. Gordon, J. Motos Pitz, Jeremey Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Henry, DJ TI High speed radiometric measurements of IED detonation fireballs SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VII CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE radiometer; infrared; detonation fireball; improvised explosive devices (IED); home made explosives (HME) AB Continuum emission is predominant in fireball spectral phenomena and in some demonstrated cases, fine detail in the temporal evolution of infrared spectral emissions can be used to estimate size and chemical composition of the device. Recent work indicates that a few narrow radiometric bands may reveal forensic information needed for the explosive discrimination and classification problem, representing an essential step in moving from "laboratory" measurements to a rugged, fieldable system. To explore phenomena not observable in previous experiments, a high speed (10 mu s resolution) radiometer with four channels spanning the infrared spectrum observed the detonation of nine home made explosive (HME) devices in the < 100lb class. Radiometric measurements indicate that the detonation fireball is well approximated as a single temperature blackbody at early time (0 < t less than or similar to 3ms). The effective radius obtained from absolute intensity indicates fireball growth at supersonic velocity during this time. Peak fireball temperatures during this initial detonation range between 3000-3500K. The initial temperature decay with time (t less than or similar to 10ms) can be described by a simple phenomenological model based on radiative cooling. After this rapid decay, temperature exhibits a small, steady increase with time (10 less than or similar to t less than or similar to 50ms) and peaking somewhere between 1000-1500K-likely the result of post-detonation combustion-before subsequent cooling back to ambient conditions. Radius derived from radiometric measurements can be described well (R(2) > 0.98) using blast model functional forms, suggesting that energy release could be estimated from single-pixel radiometric detectors. Comparison of radiometer-derived fireball size with FLIR infrared imagery indicate the Planckian intensity size estimates are about a factor of two smaller than the physical extent of the fireball. C1 [Spidell, Matthew T.; Gordon, J. Motos; Pitz, Jeremey; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spidell, MT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kevin.Gross@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8132-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7668 AR 76680C DI 10.1117/12.850126 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS38 UT WOS:000285628000011 ER PT S AU Gross, KC Tremblay, P Bradley, KC Chamberland, M Farley, V Perram, GP AF Gross, Kevin C. Tremblay, Pierre Bradley, Kenneth C. Chamberland, Martin Farley, Vincent Perram, Glen P. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Instrument calibration and lineshape modeling for ultraspectral imagery measurements of industrial smokestack emissions SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE imaging Fourier-transformspectrometer (IFTS); smokestack effluents; instrument line shape (ILS); radiometric calibration; spectral calibration; phase correction; hyperspectral / ultraspectral imagery ID SPECTROSCOPY; REMOTE AB The Telops Hyper-Cam midwave (InSb 1.5-5.5 mu m) imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer observed the plume from a coal-burning power plant smokestack. From a distance of 600 meters, the plume was captured on a 128x64 pixel sub-window of the focal-plane array with each pixel imaging a 19.5x19.5cm(2) region. Asymmetric interferograms were collected with long side and short side maximal optical path differences of 2.4cm and 0.9cm, respectively. Interferograms were recorded for each scan direction. The plume was strongly emissive across 1800-3000cm(-1), and raw spectra revealed emissions from CO2, CO, H2O, NO, SO2, and HCl. A complete description of the instrument calibration and lineshape modeling is presented, including a simple and computationally efficient method of averaging spectra from forward-and reverse-scan interferograms that avoids the need to model a complex instrument lineshape. A simple radiative transfer model is developed to interpret the spectrum between 2565 <= (v) over tilde <= 3000cm(-1). Examination of the HCl spectrum demonstrates exceptional agreement between the data and an ideal instrument lineshape. For a pixel immediately above the stack exit, the plume temperature is estimated to be 399.6 +/- 0.6K with an SO2 concentration of 376 +/- 10ppm(v), and these values agree well with in situ measurements of 407.0 +/- 0.2K and 383 +/- 2ppm(v), respectively. C1 [Gross, Kevin C.; Bradley, Kenneth C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kevin.Gross@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769516 DI 10.1117/12.850142 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700040 ER PT S AU Gross, KC Young, AM Borel, C Steward, BJ Perram, GP AF Gross, Kevin C. Young, Anthony M. Borel, Christoph Steward, Bryan J. Perram, Glen P. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Simulating systematic scene-change artifacts in Fourier-transform spectroscopy SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS); scene-change artifacts; asymmetric interferogram; combustion; detonation fireball; systematic errors AB Improved understanding of midwave infrared (1-5 mu m) spectral emissions from detonation fireballs is needed to develop a battle space optical forensics capability. While Fourier-transformspectrometers (FTS) are an attractive tool, interferometer-based spectroscopic measurements can be corrupted when the observed scene intensity systematically varies during the measurement time. Approximating a detonation fireball as a blackbody radiator with a time-varying temperature T and modified by atmospheric attenuation tau((v) over tilde), double-sided interferograms from an ideal FTS were calculated and converted to measured spectra L(m)((v) over tilde) to characterize the nature and magnitude of scene-change artifacts. T (x) decreased exponentially with optical path difference x, -x(m) <= x <= xm, at various rates relative to the Michelson mirror speed so that changing scene spectra could be simulated on 1700 <= (v) over tilde = 7900cm(-1) at delta(v) over tilde = 3.64cm(-1) resolution (x(m) = 0.25cm, Hamming apodization). The real part of L(m)((v) over tilde), Re{L(m)((v) over tilde)}, is well approximated by the instantaneous spectrum at zero path difference, L((v) over tilde, x = 0). In regions where tau((v) over tilde) is highly structured, both the imaginary component Im{L(m)((v) over tilde)} and the differences between Re{L(m)((v) over tilde)} and L((v) over tilde, 0) exhibit spectral features, and in general vertical bar Im{L(m)((v) over tilde)}vertical bar >> vertical bar Re{L(m)((v) over tilde)}-L((v) over tilde, 0)vertical bar. In a region of highly structured absorption, 2800 <= (v) over tilde <= 3500cm(-1), a 600K decrease in temperature produced RMS values of 62 and 5 mu W/(cm(2) . sr . cm(-1)) in Im{L(m)((v) over tilde)} and Re{L(m)((v) over tilde)-L((v) over tilde, 0)}, respectively, compared with an RMS value of 1924 mu W/(cm(2) . sr . cm(-1)) in Re{L(m)((v) over tilde)}. A method based on theoretical expressions developed by Kick et al. is devised to interpret Lm((v) over tilde ) and provide estimates of the temporal evolution T (x) when its functional formis not known a priori. C1 [Gross, Kevin C.; Young, Anthony M.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kevin.Gross@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 76951Y DI 10.1117/12.849128 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700068 ER PT S AU Deming, RW AF Deming, Ross W. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Tutorial on Fourier space coverage for scattering experiments, with application to SAR SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Fourier Diffraction; synthetic aperture radar; inverse scattering ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY AB The Fourier Diffraction Theorem relates the data measured during electromagnetic, optical, or acoustic scattering experiments to the spatial Fourier transform of the object under test. The theorem is well-known, but since it is based on integral equations and complicated mathematical expansions, the typical derivation may be difficult for the non-specialist. In this paper, the theorem is derived and presented using simple geometry, plus undergraduate-level physics and mathematics. For practitioners of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, the theorem is important to understand because it leads to a simple geometric and graphical understanding of image resolution and sampling requirements, and how they are affected by radar system parameters and experimental geometry. Also, the theorem can be used as a starting point for imaging algorithms and motion compensation methods. Several examples are given in this paper for realistic scenarios. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate AFRL RYHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Deming, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate AFRL RYHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ross.deming@gmail.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 769904 DI 10.1117/12.849541 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500004 ER PT S AU Fuller, DF Saville, MA AF Fuller, Dane F. Saville, Michael A. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Classification of canonical scattering through sub-band analysis SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE feature extraction; sub-banding; canonical scattering; scattering centers; radar imaging ID MODEL; RECOGNITION; TRANSFORM AB The spectrum parted linked image test (SPLIT) algorithm was experimentally shown to estimate frequency-dependency of dominant scattering centers through sub-band analysis. Based on its demonstrated potential for classifying canonical scatterers, a theoretical model of the SPLIT algorithm is presented in this paper. Terms are defined, procedures are detailed, and a metric for total least squares model fitting is developed. In addition, the paper addresses multiple observations, measures of confidence, sidelobe interference and sensitivity to bandwidth and noise. Finally, it is described how the one-dimensional (1D) SPLIT algorithm can be extended for use with 2D and 3D imaging. C1 [Fuller, Dane F.; Saville, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuller, DF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 76990W DI 10.1117/12.850558 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500030 ER PT S AU Gorham, LA Rigling, BD AF Gorham, LeRoy A. Rigling, Brian D. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Dual format algorithm for monostatic SAR SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; image formation AB The polar format algorithm for monostatic synthetic aperture radar imaging is based on a linear approximation of the differential range to a scatterer, which leads to spatially-variant distortion and defocus in the resultant image. While approximate corrections may be applied to compensate for these effects, these corrections are ad-hoc in nature. Here, we introduce an alternative imaging algorithm called the Dual Format Algorithm (DFA) that provides better isolation of the defocus effects and reduces distortion. Quadratic phase errors are isolated along a single dimension by allowing image formation to an arbitrary grid instead of a Cartesian grid. This provides an opportunity for more efficient phase error corrections. We provide a description of the arbitrary image grid and we show the quadratic phase error correction derived from a second-order Taylor series approximation of the differential range. The algorithm is demonstrated with a point target simulation. C1 [Gorham, LeRoy A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorham, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM leroy.gorham@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 769905 DI 10.1117/12.855374 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500005 ER PT S AU Gorham, LA Moore, LJ AF Gorham, LeRoy A. Moore, Linda J. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI SAR image formation toolbox for MATLAB SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; image formation; matched filter; backprojection algorithm ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ALGORITHM AB While many synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation techniques exist, two of the most intuitive methods for implementation by SAR novices are the matched filter and backprojection algorithms. The matched filter and (non-optimized) backprojection algorithms are undeniably computationally complex. However, the backprojection algorithm may be successfully employed for many SAR research endeavors not involving considerably large data sets and not requiring time-critical image formation. Execution of both image reconstruction algorithms in MATLAB is explicitly addressed. In particular, a manipulation of the backprojection imaging equations is supplied to show how common MATLAB functions, ifft and interp1, may be used for straight-forward SAR image formation. In addition, limits for scene size and pixel spacing are derived to aid in the selection of an appropriate imaging grid to avoid aliasing. Example SAR images generated though use of the backprojection algorithm are provided given four publicly available SAR datasets. Finally, MATLAB code for SAR image reconstruction using the matched filter and backprojection algorithms is provided. C1 [Gorham, LeRoy A.; Moore, Linda J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorham, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM leroy.gorham@wpafb.af.mil; linda.moore2@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 769906 DI 10.1117/12.855375 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500006 ER PT S AU Hack, DE Saville, MA AF Hack, Daniel E. Saville, Michael A. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Verification of target motion effects on SAR imagery using the Gotcha GMTI challenge dataset SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE GMTI; SAR; SAR-MTI; Gotcha; moving target imaging; migration path; ground moving target tracking ID MOVING TARGETS; TRACKING; FUTURE; RADAR AB This paper investigates the relationship between a ground moving target's kinematic state and its SAR image. While effects such as cross-range offset, defocus, and smearing appear well understood, their derivations in the literature typically employ simplifications of the radar/target geometry and assume point scattering targets. This study adopts a geometrical model for understanding target motion effects in SAR imagery, termed the target migration path, and focuses on experimental verification of predicted motion effects using both simulated and empirical datasets based on the Gotcha GMTI challenge dataset. Specifically, moving target imagery is generated from three data sources: first, simulated phase history for a moving point target; second, simulated phase history for a moving vehicle derived from a simulated Mazda MPV X-band signature; and third, empirical phase history from the Gotcha GMTI challenge dataset. Both simulated target trajectories match the truth GPS target position history from the Gotcha GMTI challenge dataset, allowing direct comparison between all three imagery sets and the predicted target migration path. This paper concludes with a discussion of the parallels between the target migration path and the measurement model within a Kalman filtering framework, followed by conclusions. C1 [Hack, Daniel E.; Saville, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hack, DE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.hack@dynetics.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 76990K DI 10.1117/12.850565 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500019 ER PT S AU Lewis, TL Rigling, B AF Lewis, Thomas L. Rigling, Brian BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Analysis of Focused Dismount Signatures SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Dismount Detection; Radar AB The detection and characterization of dismount activity is of increasing interest, particularly using radar to allow for day/night operation from long range. Current RF dismount sensing concepts either employ short coherent intervals with fine range resolution or long coherent intervals with fine Doppler resolution. We propose use of both fine range resolution and long coherent intervals to achieve fine Doppler resolution. When dismounts are moving, this introduces the added complication of micro-range/Doppler signature drift through range-Doppler resolution cells. In this paper, we describe potential methods for focusing the signatures of moving dismounts, and then analyze the focused signature for potential features that might lead to the automatic classification of the dismounts into several categories. C1 [Lewis, Thomas L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.lewis3@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 76990M DI 10.1117/12.862609 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500021 ER PT S AU McGowan, JE Gustafson, SC Jackson, JA Terzuoli, AJ AF McGowan, John E. Gustafson, Steven C. Jackson, Julie A. Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI The Effect of Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Resolution on Target Discrimination SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; Automatic Target Recognition; Discriminating Features AB This paper details the effect of spatial resolution on target discrimination in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Multiple SAR image chips, containing targets and non-targets, are used to test a baseline Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system with reduced spatial resolution obtained by lowering the pixel count or synthesizing a degraded image. The pixel count is lowered by averaging groups of adjoining pixels to form a new single value. The degraded image is synthesized by low-pass-filtering the image frequency space and then lowering the pixel count. To train a linear classifier, a two-parameter Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detector is tested, and three different types of feature spaces, are used: size, contrast, and texture. The results are scored using the Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (AUROC) curve. The CFAR detector is shown to perform better at lower resolution. All three feature sets together performed well with the degradation of resolution; separately the sets had different performances. The texture features performed best because they do not rely on the number of pixels on the target, while the size features performed the worst for the same reason. The contrast features yielded improved performance when the resolution was slightly reduced. C1 [McGowan, John E.; Gustafson, Steven C.; Jackson, Julie A.; Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol AFIT Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol AFIT Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 76990X DI 10.1117/12.850615 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500031 ER PT S AU Moore, LJ Majumder, UK AF Moore, Linda J. Majumder, Uttam K. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI An analytical expression for the three-dimensional response of a point scatterer for circular synthetic aperture radar SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR); persistent surveillance; impulse response function (IPR); point spread function (PSF); radially displaced target ID SAR AB Three-dimensional (3-D) spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of point scatterers provide insight into the achievable effectiveness of exploitation algorithms given a variety of operating parameters such as elevation angle, azimuth or synthetic aperture extent, and frequency bandwidth. Circular SAR, using 360 degrees of azimuth, offers the benefit of persistent surveillance and the potential for 3-D image reconstruction improvement compared with limited aperture SAR due in part to the increase in favorable viewing angles of unknown objects. The response of a point scatter at the origin, or center of the imaging scene, is known and has been quantified for circular SAR in prior literature by a closed-form solution. The behavior of a point scatterer radially displaced from the origin has been previously characterized for circular SAR through implementation of backprojection image reconstructions. Here, we derive a closed-form expression for the response of an arbitrarily located point scatterer given a circular flight path. In addition, the behavior of the response of an off-center point target is compared to that of a point scatterer at the origin. Symmetries within the 3-D point spread functions (PSFs), or impulse response functions (IPRs), are also noted to provide knowledge of the minimum subset of SAR images required to fully characterize the response of a particular point scatterer. Understanding of simple scattering behavior can provide insight into the response of more complex targets, given that complicated targets may sometimes be modeled as an arrangement of geometrically simple scattering objects. C1 [Moore, Linda J.; Majumder, Uttam K.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moore, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM linda.moore2@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 769907 DI 10.1117/12.848768 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500007 ER PT S AU Scarborough, SM Gorham, L Minardi, MJ Majumder, UK Judge, MG Moore, L Novak, L Jaroszewksi, S Spoldi, L Pieramico, A AF Scarborough, Steven M. Gorham, LeRoy Minardi, Michael J. Majumder, Uttam K. Judge, Matthew G. Moore, Linda Novak, Leslie Jaroszewksi, Steven Spoldi, Laura Pieramico, Alan BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI A Challenge Problem for SAR Change Detection and Data Compression SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; SAR change detection; Radar; data compression; compressive sensing ID CONCEALED GROUND TARGETS; IMAGES AB This document describes a challenge problem whose scope is two-fold. The first aspect is to develop SAR CCD algorithms that are applicable for X-band SAR imagery collected in an urban environment. The second aspect relates to effective data compression of these complex SAR images, where quality SAR CCD is the metric of performance. A set of X-band SAR imagery is being provided to support this development. To focus research onto specific areas of interest to AFRL, a number of challenge problems are defined. The data provided is complex SAR imagery from an AFRL airborne X-band SAR sensor. Some key features of this data set are: 10 repeat passes, single phase center, and single polarization (HH). In the scene observed, there are multiple buildings, vehicles, and trees. Note that the imagery has been coherently aligned to a single reference. C1 [Scarborough, Steven M.; Gorham, LeRoy; Minardi, Michael J.; Majumder, Uttam K.; Judge, Matthew G.; Moore, Linda] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scarborough, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Av Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 76990U DI 10.1117/12.855378 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500028 ER PT S AU Crossley, BL Coutu, RA Starman, LA Collins, PJ AF Crossley, Benjamin L. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Starman, LaVern A. Collins, Peter J. BE Herr, DJC TI Self-assembling nanosphere lithography process for gated carbon nanotube field emission arrays SO ALTERNATIVE LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alternative Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH Inc. DE nanosphere lithography; carbon nanotube arrays; polystyrene spheres ID NATURAL LITHOGRAPHY AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many unique properties ideal for field emission such as narrow diameters, high aspect ratios, high temperature stability, good conductivity, and structural strength. A gated array is preferable to a diode type array due to the lower extraction voltages and reduced screening effects. An inexpensive fabrication process has been developed using self-assembling nanosphere lithography for sub-micron gate dimensions of a CNT field emission array. The array fabrication process consists of a silicon wafer with a 20 nm titanium diffusion barrier followed by 10 nm nickel catalyst layer covered with 1-2 mu m of silicon dioxide. Self-assembling polystyrene spheres are deposited in a monolayer across the substrate to create the gate mask. The diameter of the spheres is reduced to the desired gate dimensions using an oxygen plasma ash. The gate metal is then deposited via evaporation. The gate openings are created through lift-off facilitated by dissolving the polystyrene spheres in an ultrasonic acetone bath. Reactive ion etching is used to remove the silicon dioxide and expose the nickel catalyst layer for CNT synthesis within the gate openings. The process is demonstrated for both 1 mu m and 500 nm diameter polystyrene spheres for gate dimensions and gate pitch of 500 nm and 250 nm respectively. The resulting array is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Further development of the polystyrene monolayer deposition method is necessary to decrease defects in the monolayer structure. Future work will investigate the reduction of gate dimensions to 20 - 50 nm to facilitate a single CNT per gate array. C1 [Crossley, Benjamin L.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Starman, LaVern A.; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Crossley, BL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8051-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7637 AR 76370O DI 10.1117/12.846626 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BSS02 UT WOS:000285575900016 ER PT J AU Prybil, LD Peterson, R Brezinski, P Zamba, G Roach, W Fillmore, A AF Prybil, Lawrence D. Peterson, Richard Brezinski, Paul Zamba, Gideon Roach, William, Jr. Fillmore, Ammon TI Board Oversight of Patient Care Quality in Community Health Systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY LA English DT Article DE community benefit; patient care quality; board oversight; good governance ID GOVERNANCE; NETWORKS AB In hospitals and health systems, ensuring that standards for the quality of patient care are established and continuous improvement processes are in place are among the board's most fundamental responsibilities. A recent survey has examined governance oversight of patient care quality at 123 nonprofit community health systems and compared their practices with current benchmarks of good governance. The findings show that 88% of the boards have established standing committees on patient quality and safety, nearly all chief executive officers' performance expectations now include targets related to patient quality and safety, and 96% of the boards regularly receive formal written reports regarding their organizations' performance in relation to quality measures and standards. However, there continue to be gaps between present reality and current benchmarks of good governance in several areas. These gaps are somewhat greater for independent systems than for those affiliated with a larger parent organization. C1 [Prybil, Lawrence D.] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Gen Hosp E224, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Peterson, Richard] Cornell Coll, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. [Brezinski, Paul] USAF, Med Serv Corps, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Brezinski, Paul] Acad Hlth Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Roach, William, Jr.] McDermott Will & Emery, Chicago, IL USA. RP Prybil, LD (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Gen Hosp E224, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM lawrence-prybil@uiowa.edu FU W.K. Kellogg Foundation; Grant Thornton LLP FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: Financial support for the research study provided by grants from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and Grant Thornton LLP. The authors received no financial support for the authorship of this article. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1062-8606 J9 AM J MED QUAL JI Am. J. Med. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1177/1062860609352804 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 538WC UT WOS:000273214000004 PM 20042764 ER PT J AU Burnham, BR Copley, GB Shim, MJ Kemp, PA Jones, BH AF Burnham, Bruce R. Copley, G. Bruce Shim, Matthew J. Kemp, Philip A. Jones, Bruce H. TI Mechanisms of Flag-Football Injuries Reported to the HQ Air Force Safety Center A 10-Year Descriptive Study, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SPORTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Flag (touch or intramural) football is a popular sport among the U.S. Air Force (USAF) active duty population and causes a substantial number of lost-workday injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the mechanisms of flag-football injuries to better identify effective countermeasures. Methods: The data were derived from safety reports obtained from the USAF Ground Safety Automated System. Flag-football injuries for the years 1993-2002 that resulted in at least one lost workday were included in the study conducted in 2003. Narrative data were systematically reviewed for 32,812 USAF mishap reports; these were then coded in order to categorize and summarize mechanisms associated with flag football and other sports and occupational injuries. Results: Nine hundred and forty-four mishap reports involving active duty USAF members playing flag football met the criteria for inclusion into this study. Eight mechanisms of injury were identified. The eight mechanisms accounted for 90% of all flag-football injuries. One scenario (contact with another player) accounted for 42% of all flag-football injuries. Conclusions: The most common mechanisms of injury caused by playing flag football can be identified using the detailed information found in safety reports. These scenarios are essential to developing evidence-based countermeasures. Results for flag football suggest that interventions that prevent player contact injuries deserve further research and evaluation. The broader implications of this study are that military safety data can be used to identify potentially modifiable mechanisms of injury for specific activities such as flag football. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(1S):S141-S147) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Burnham, Bruce R.; Kemp, Philip A.] AFSC, Anal & Integrat Div, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Copley, G. Bruce] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. [Jones, Bruce H.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Injury Prevent Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), USAF, HQ, Safety Ctr, SEAR, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM bruce.burnham@kirtland.af.mil FU AFSC FX We gratefully acknowledge all the members of the Research and Epidemiology Branch who participated in this project. DJ Atkins,Tom Schultz, and Donna Roper all provided invaluable support in data abstraction and guidance in this project. The work was entirely funded by the AFSC. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S141 EP S147 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900015 PM 20117588 ER EF