FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Burnham, BR Copley, GB Shim, MJ Kemp, PA Jones, BH AF Burnham, Bruce R. Copley, G. Bruce Shim, Matthew J. Kemp, Philip A. Jones, Bruce H. TI Mechanisms of Slow-Pitch Softball Injuries Reported to the HQ Air Force Safety Center A 10-Year Descriptive Study, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; BASEBALL; PLAYERS; SPORTS; ARMY; BALL AB Background: Softball is a popular sport in civilian and military populations and results in a large number of lost-workday injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the mechanisms associated with softball injuries occurring among active duty U.S. Air Force (USAF) personnel to better identify potentially effective countermeasures. Methods: Data derived from safety reports were obtained from the USAF Ground Safety Automated System in 2003. Softball injuries for the years 1993-2002 that resulted in at least one lost workday were included in the study. Narrative data were systematically reviewed and coded in order to categorize and summarize mechanisms associated with these injuries. Results: This report documents a total of 1181 softball-related mishap reports, involving 1171 active duty USAF members who sustained one lost-workday injury while playing softball. Eight independent mechanisms were identified. Three specific scenarios (sliding, being hit by a ball, and colliding with a player) accounted for 60% of reported softball injuries. Conclusions: Mechanisms of injury for activities such as playing softball, necessary for prevention planning, can be identified using the detailed information found in safety reports. This information should also be used to develop better sports injury coding systems. Within the USAF and U.S. softball community, interventions to reduce injuries related to the most common mechanisms (sliding, being hit by a ball, and colliding with a player) should be developed, implemented, and evaluated. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(1S):S126-S133) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Burnham, Bruce R.; Kemp, Philip A.] USAF, Safety Ctr, Anal & Integrat Div, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Copley, G. Bruce] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. [Jones, Bruce H.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Injury Prevent Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), HQ AFSC SEPR, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM bruce.burnham@kirtland.af.mil NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S126 EP S133 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900013 PM 20117586 ER PT J AU Burnham, BR Copley, GB Shim, MJ Kemp, PA AF Burnham, Bruce R. Copley, G. Bruce Shim, Matthew J. Kemp, Philip A. TI Mechanisms of Basketball Injuries Reported to the HQ Air Force Safety Center A 10-Year Descriptive Study, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANKLE SPRAINS; SPORTS; PREVENTION; RISK; RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; RECREATION; REDUCE AB Background: Basketball is the most popular sport among the U.S. Air Force (USAF) active duty population and causes a large number of lost-workday injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe how basketball injuries occur to allow development of effective countermeasures. Methods: This study used data derived from safety reports obtained from the USAF Ground Safety Automated System. Basketball injuries for the years 1993-2002 that resulted in at least one lost workday were included in the study conducted in 2003. Narrative data from 32,818 safety reports were systematically reviewed and coded in order to categorize and summarize mechanisms associated with these injuries. Results: A total of 2204 mishap reports involving active duty USAF members playing basketball were documented by the study. This study identified seven mechanisms causing basketball injury. Two similar causes involving jumping (landing awkwardly and landing on someone's foot) accounted for 43% of basketball injuries followed by collisions with other players (10%). Conclusions: This study shows that mechanisms of basketball-related injury can be identified using the detailed information found in USAF safety reports. Knowledge of leading hazards or mechanisms for basketball injuries can be used to prioritize and develop prevention strategies. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(1S):S134-S140) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Burnham, Bruce R.; Kemp, Philip A.] AFSC, Anal & Integrat Div, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Copley, G. Bruce] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), HQ AFSC SEAR, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM bruce.burnham@kirtland.af.mil FU AFSC FX We gratefully acknowledge all the members of the Research and Epidemiology Branch who participated in this project. DJ Atkins, Tom Schultz, and Donna Roper all provided invaluable support in data abstraction and guidance in this project. The work was entirely funded by the AFSC. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S134 EP S140 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900014 PM 20117587 ER PT J AU Copley, GB Burnham, BR Shim, MJ Kemp, PA AF Copley, G. Bruce Burnham, Bruce R. Shim, Matthew J. Kemp, Philip A. TI Using Safety Data to Describe Common Injury-Producing Events Examples from the US Air Force SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: The U.S. military leadership has recently increased its efforts to reduce the number of lost-workday injuries for both the active duty and civilian employee components of the total force. The detailed causes and circumstances of those nonfatal injuries-information needed for injury prevention-has largely been unexplored. The purpose of this project was to determine the utility of Air Force safety data for nonfatal injury prevention. Methods: In 2004, events associated with injury-producing mishaps reported through the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Ground Safety Automated System from 1993-2002 (n = 32,812 injuries) were reconstructed. Essential data elements necessary to reconstruct event causes and circumstances were identified in both coded data and in free-text mishap narratives. Activities and mechanisms were coded in a format similar to that of the ICD-10. A taxonomy was then developed to identify hazard scenarios associated with injury-producing activities or mechanisms. Results: Coded data provided only four data elements (activity, injury event/exposure, nature of injury/body part, and outcome) that were sufficiently descriptive for prevention purposes. Therefore, narrative information was coded and analyzed to obtain additional information. The assembled data enabled identification and description of hazard scenarios associated with the most common injury-producing activities and mechanisms. Conclusions: Safety reports from the USAF provide detailed mishap descriptions for lost-workday injuries that could support in-depth analysis and more effective preventive efforts. However, some of the most valuable information is found in the pre-text narratives that require coding and classification, such as was conducted for this report in order to be optimally useful for injury epidemiology and prevention. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(1S):S117-S125) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Burnham, Bruce R.; Kemp, Philip A.] USAF, Safety Ctr, HQ, Anal & Integrat Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Copley, G. Bruce] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Occupat & Publ Hlth Div, Annandale, NJ USA. [Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), USAF, Safety Ctr, HQ, Anal & Integrat Div, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM bruce.burnham@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S117 EP S125 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.007 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900012 PM 20117585 ER PT J AU Kemp, PA Burnham, BR Copley, GB Shim, MJ AF Kemp, Philip A. Burnham, Bruce R. Copley, G. Bruce Shim, Matthew J. TI Injuries to Air Force Personnel Associated with Lifting, Handling, and Carrying Objects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; RISK-FACTORS; WORKERS-COMPENSATION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EMPLOYEES AB Background: The U.S. Air Force (USAF) active duty and civilian populations experience a substantial number of lost-workday injuries while lifting, handling, and carrying objects. Back injuries are most frequently reported. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the hazard scenarios of lift-handle-carry injuries to better identify effective countermeasures. Methods: The data were derived from safety reports obtained from the USAF Ground Safety Automated System. Lift-handle-carry injuries for the years 1993-2002 that resulted in at least one lost workday were included in the study. A total of 4085 lost-workday injuries resulting in 24,940 lost workdays for USAF military and civilian members met the criteria for inclusion. Objects associated with these injuries were identified and aggregated to determine the most common causes of lift-handle-carry injuries. Results: Twelve distinct objects or type of objects were identified as the most common source of lift-handle-carry injuries. Among the most common sources of injury were lifting aircraft components, boxes, and furniture. Most importantly, lifting one group of objects, aircraft components, was associated with 33% of all lift-handle-carry injuries. Conclusions: Safety report data can be used to identify the most common object or object types causing lift-handle-carry injuries. The information included in this report suggests countermeasures that should be considered for implementation and evaluation studies. Countermeasures to address the most common lift-handle-carry injuries, such as lifting aircraft components among aircraft maintenance workers, are warranted. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(1S):S148-S155) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Kemp, Philip A.; Burnham, Bruce R.] HQ AFSC SEPR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Copley, G. Bruce] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ USA. [Shim, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), HQ AFSC SEPR, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM bruce.burnham@kirtland.af.mil FU AFSC FX We gratefully acknowledge all the members of the Research and Epidemiology Branch who participated in this project. DJ Atkins, Tom Schultz, and Donna Roper all provided invaluable support in data abstraction and guidance in this project. The work was entirely funded by the AFSC. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S148 EP S155 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900016 PM 20117589 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Brosch, LC Venuto, M Swedler, DI Bullock, SH Gaines, LS Murphy, RJ Tchandja, J Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Brosch, Lorie C. Venuto, Margaret Swedler, David I. Bullock, Steven H. Gaines, Lorraine S. Murphy, Ryan J. Tchandja, Juste Jones, Bruce H. TI Effect on Injuries of Assigning Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Air Force Basic Training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; STRESS-FRACTURES; LOWER-EXTREMITY; YOUNG MEN; RUNNING INJURIES; FEMALE RECRUITS; ARMY RECRUITS; US ARMY; FITNESS AB Background: This study examined whether assigning running shoes based on the shape of the bottom of the foot (plantar surface) influenced injury risk in Air Force Basic Military Training (BMT) and examined risk factors for injury in BMT. Methods: Data were collected from BMT recruits during 2007; analysis took place during 2008. After foot examinations, recruits were randomly consigned to either an experimental group (E, n=1042 men, 375 women) or a control group (C, n=913 men, 346 women). Experimental group recruits were assigned motion control, stability, or cushioned shoes for plantar shapes indicative of low, medium, or high arches, respectively. Control group recruits received a stability shoe regardless of plantar shape. Injuries during BMT were determined from Outpatient visits provided from the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Other injury risk factors (fitness, smoking, physical activity, prior injury, menstrual history, and demographics) were obtained from a questionnaire, existing databases, or BMT units. Results: Multivariate Cox regression controlling for other risk factors showed little difference in injury risk between the groups among men (hazard ratio [E/C]= 1.11, 95%CI=0.89-1.38) or women (hazard ratio [E/C] = 1.20, 95% CI=0.90-1.60). Independent injury risk factors among both men and women included low aerobic fitness and cigarette smoking. Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated that assigning running shoes based on the shape of the plantar Surface had little influence on injury risk in BMT even after controlling for other injury risk factors. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(1S):S197-S211) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Knapik, Joseph J.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Venuto, Margaret] US FDA, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Brosch, Lorie C.; Tchandja, Juste] USAF, Med Grp 37, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Murphy, Ryan J.] USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, 1570 Stark Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joseph.knapik@us.army.mil NR 64 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S197 EP S211 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.013 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900020 PM 20117594 ER PT J AU Ruscio, BA Jones, BH Bullock, SH Burnham, BR Canham-Chervak, M Rennix, CP Wells, TS Smith, JW AF Ruscio, Bruce A. Jones, Bruce H. Bullock, Steven H. Burnham, Bruce R. Canham-Chervak, Michelle Rennix, Christopher P. Wells, Timothy S. Smith, Jack W. TI A Process to Identify Military Injury Prevention Priorities Based on Injury Type and Limited Duty Days SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Injuries, one of the leading public health problems in an otherwise healthy military population, affect operational readiness, increase healthcare costs, and result in disabilities and fatalities. This paper describes a systematic, data-driven, injury prevention-decision making process to rank potential injury prevention targets. Methods: Medical surveillance and safety report data on injuries for 2004 were reviewed. Nonfatal injury diagnoses (ICD-9-CM codes) obtained from the Defense Medical Surveillance System were ranked according to incident visit frequency and estimated limited duty days. Data on the top five injury types resulting in the greatest estimated limited duty days were matched with hospitalization and Service Safety Centers' accident investigation data to identify leading causes. Experts scored and ranked the causes using predetermined criteria that considered the importance of the problem, preventability, feasibility, timeliness of intervention establishment/results, and ability to evaluate. Department of Defense (DoD) and Service-specific injury prevention priorities were identified. Results: Unintentional injuries lead all other medical conditions for number of medical encounters, individuals affected, and hospital bed days. The top ten injuries resulted in an estimated 25 million days of limited duty. Injury-related musculoskeletal conditions were a leading contributor to days of limited duty. Sports and physical training were the leading cause, followed by falls. Conclusions: A systematic approach to injury prevention-decision making supports the DoD's goal of ensuring a healthy, fit force. The methodology described here advances this capability. Immediate follow-up efforts should employ both medical and safety data sets to identify and monitor injury prevention priorities. (Am J PrevMed 2010;38 (1S):S19-S33) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Ruscio, Bruce A.] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost, Washington, DC USA. [Jones, Bruce H.; Canham-Chervak, Michelle] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Injury Prevent Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Bullock, Steven H.] Hlth Promot Policy Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Burnham, Bruce R.] USAF, Safety Ctr, Res & Epidemiol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Rennix, Christopher P.] Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr, EpiData Ctr, Portsmouth, Hants, England. [Smith, Jack W.] Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Clin & Program Policy, Falls Church, VA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Biomech Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruscio, BA (reprint author), 701 Penn Ave NW,Suite 725, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM Bruce.ruscio@novartis.com NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP S19 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.004 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 541KM UT WOS:000273413900003 PM 20117593 ER PT J AU Wells, TS LeardMann, CA Fortuna, SO Smith, B Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Boyko, EJ Blazer, D AF Wells, Timothy S. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Fortuna, Sarah O. Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Boyko, Edward J. Blazer, Dan CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MILITARY SERVICE; PRIMARY-CARE; US MILITARY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS AB Objective. We investigated relations between deployment and new-onset depression among US service members recently deployed to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods. We included 40219 Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires and met inclusion criteria. Participants were identified with depression if they met the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire criteria for depression at follow-up, but not at baseline. Results. Deployed men and women with combat exposures had the highest onset of depression, followed by those not deployed and those deployed without combat exposures. Combat-deployed men and women were at increased risk for new-onset depression compared with nondeployed men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13, 1.54; women: AOR=2.13; 95% CI=1.70, 2.65). Conversely, deployment without combat exposures led to decreased risk for new-onset depression compared with those who did not deploy (men: AOR=0.66; 95% CI=0.53, 0.83; women: AOR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.89). Conclusions. Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:90-99. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.155432) C1 [Wells, Timothy S.; Fortuna, Sarah O.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Blazer, Dan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), 711th HPW RHPA,Bldg 824,Room 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil RI Blazer II, Dan/D-6675-2012 FU Department of Defense [60002] FX This work represents report 08-06, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002.The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position ofthe Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air- Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Govemment. NR 82 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 10 U2 17 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.155432 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 538EK UT WOS:000273166800020 PM 19910353 ER PT J AU Coppage, R Slocik, JM Sethi, M Pacardo, DB Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Coppage, Ryan Slocik, Joseph M. Sethi, Manish Pacardo, Dennis B. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Elucidation of Peptide Effects that Control the Activity of Nanoparticles SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bionanotechnology; heterogeneous catalysis; nanoparticles; palladium; peptides ID PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; PD NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMER; CATALYSTS C1 [Coppage, Ryan; Sethi, Manish; Pacardo, Dennis B.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM mrknec2@email.uky.edu RI Sethi, Manish/C-7922-2013 OI Sethi, Manish/0000-0002-5440-7602 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Acknowledgement is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research (M.K.) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (R.N.). Further support from the University of Kentucky is also acknowledged. We thank L. Jackson and Dr. B. Lynn for MS characterization of the peptides. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 22 BP 3767 EP 3770 DI 10.1002/anie.200906949 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 605NC UT WOS:000278353300008 PM 20397172 ER PT B AU Ol, MV Bernal, L Kang, CK Shyy, W AF Ol, Michael V. Bernal, Luis Kang, Chang-Kwon Shyy, Wei BE Taylor, GK Triantafyllou, MS Tropea, C TI Shallow and deep dynamic stall for flapping low Reynolds number airfoils SO ANIMAL LOCOMOTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INSECT FLIGHT; TRANSLATING AIRFOIL; PITCHING AIRFOIL; VORTEX FORMATION; AERODYNAMICS; SEPARATION; EFFICIENCY; WINGS; WAKE AB We consider a combined experimental (based on flow visualization, direct force measurement and phase-averaged 2D particle image velocimetry in a water tunnel), computational (2D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) and theoretical (Theodorsen's formula) approach to study the fluid physics of rigid-airfoil pitch-plunge in nominally two-dimensional conditions. Shallow-stall (combined pitch-plunge) and deep-stall (pure-plunge) are compared at a reduced frequency commensurate with flapping-flight in cruise in nature. Objectives include assessment of how well attached-flow theory can predict lift coefficient even in the presence of significant separation, and how well 2D velocimetry and 2D computation can mutually validate one another. The shallow-stall case shows promising agreement between computation and experiment, while in the deep-stall case, the computation's prediction of flow separation lags that of the experiment, but eventually evinces qualitatively similar leading edge vortex size. Dye injection was found to give good qualitative match with particle image velocimetry in describing leading edge vortex formation and return to flow reattachment, and also gave evidence of strong spanwise growth of flow separation after leading-edge vortex formation. Reynolds number effects, in the range of 10,000-60,000, were found to influence the size of laminar separation in those phases of motion where instantaneous angle of attack was well below stall, but have limited effect on post-stall flowfield behavior. Discrepancy in lift coefficient time history between experiment, theory and computation was mutually comparable, with no clear failure of Theodorsen's formula. This is surprising and encouraging, especially for the deep-stall case, because the theory's assumptions are clearly violated, while its prediction of lift coefficient remains useful for capturing general trends. C1 [Ol, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Bernal, Luis; Kang, Chang-Kwon; Shyy, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ol, MV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. EM Michael.Ol@wpafb.af.mil; lpb@umich.edu; kangck@umich.edu; weishyy@umich.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-11632-2 PY 2010 BP 321 EP 339 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9_26 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BPT79 UT WOS:000279884500026 ER PT B AU Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE Galbraith, MC AF Visbal, Miguel R. Gordnier, Raymond E. Galbraith, Marshall C. BE Taylor, GK Triantafyllou, MS Tropea, C TI High-fidelity simulations of moving and flexible airfoils at low Reynolds numbers SO ANIMAL LOCOMOTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; FLOWS AB The present paper highlights results derived from the application of a high-fidelity simulation technique to the analysis of low-Reynolds-number transitional flows over moving and flexible canonical configurations motivated by small natural and man-made flyers. This effort addresses three separate fluid dynamic phenomena relevant to small fliers, including: laminar separation and transition over a stationary airfoil, transition effects on the dynamic stall vortex generated by a plunging airfoil, and the effect of flexibility on the flow structure above a membrane airfoil. The specific cases were also selected to permit comparison with available experimental measurements. First, the process of transition on a stationary SD7003 airfoil section over a range of Reynolds numbers and angles of attack is considered. Prior to stall, the flow exhibits a separated shear layer which rolls up into spanwise vortices. These vortices subsequently undergo spanwise instabilities, and ultimately breakdown into fine-scale turbulent structures as the boundary layer reattaches to the airfoil surface. In a time-averaged sense, the flow displays a closed laminar separation bubble which moves upstream and contracts in size with increasing angle of attack for a fixed Reynolds number. For a fixed angle of attack, as the Reynolds number decreases, the laminar separation bubble grows in vertical extent producing a significant increase in drag. For the lowest Reynolds number considered (Re-c = 10(n)), transition does not occur over the airfoil at moderate angles of attack prior to stall. Next, the impact of a prescribed high-frequency small-amplitude plunging motion on the transitional flow over the SD7003 airfoil is investigated. The motion-induced high angle of attack results in unsteady separation in the leading edge and in the formation of dynamic-stalllike vortices which convect downstream close to the airfoil. At the lowest value of Reynolds number (Re-c = 10(4)), transition effects are observed to he minor and the dynamic stall vortex system remains fairly coherent. For Re-c = 4 x 10(4), the dynamic-stall vortex system is laminar at is inception, however shortly afterwards, it experiences an abrupt breakdown associated with the onset of spanwise instability effects. The computed phased-averaged structures for both values of Reynolds number are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the effect of structural compliance on the unsteady flow past a membrane airfoil is investigated. The membrane deformation results in mean camber and large fluctuations which improve aerodynamic performance. Larger values of lift and a delay in stall are achieved relative to a rigid airtoit configuration. For Re-c = 4.85 x 10(4), it is shown that correct prediction of the transitional process is critical to capturing the proper membrane structural response. C1 [Visbal, Miguel R.; Gordnier, Raymond E.; Galbraith, Marshall C.] USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-11632-2 PY 2010 BP 341 EP 360 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9_27 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BPT79 UT WOS:000279884500027 ER PT J AU Mierla, M Inhester, B Antunes, A Boursier, Y Byrne, JP Colaninno, R Davila, J de Koning, CA Gallagher, PT Gissot, S Howard, RA Howard, TA Kramar, M Lamy, P Liewer, PC Maloney, S Marque, C McAteer, TJ Moran, T Rodriguez, L Srivastava, N Cyr, OCS Stenborg, G Temmer, M Thernisien, A Vourlidas, A West, MJ Wood, BE Zhukov, AN AF Mierla, M. Inhester, B. Antunes, A. Boursier, Y. Byrne, J. P. Colaninno, R. Davila, J. de Koning, C. A. Gallagher, P. T. Gissot, S. Howard, R. A. Howard, T. A. Kramar, M. Lamy, P. Liewer, P. C. Maloney, S. Marque, C. McAteer, T. J. Moran, T. Rodriguez, L. Srivastava, N. Cyr, O. C. St. Stenborg, G. Temmer, M. Thernisien, A. Vourlidas, A. West, M. J. Wood, B. E. Zhukov, A. N. TI On the 3-D reconstruction of Coronal Mass Ejections using coronagraph data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Flares and mass ejections ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; STEREO MISSION; CONE MODEL; SECCHI; LASCO; CMES; ASSOCIATION; TRANSIENTS; SPACECRAFT; GEOMETRY AB Coronal Mass ejections (CMEs) are enormous eruptions of magnetized plasma expelled from the Sun into the interplanetary space, over the course of hours to days. They can create major disturbances in the interplanetary medium and trigger severe magnetic storms when they collide with the Earth's magnetosphere. It is important to know their real speed, propagation direction and 3-D configuration in order to accurately predict their arrival time at the Earth. Using data from the SECCHI coronagraphs onboard the STEREO mission, which was launched in October 2006, we can infer the propagation direction and the 3-D structure of such events. In this review, we first describe different techniques that were used to model the 3-D configuration of CMEs in the coronagraph field of view ( up to 15 R-circle dot). Then, we apply these techniques to different CMEs observed by various coronagraphs. A comparison of results obtained from the application of different reconstruction algorithms is presented and discussed. C1 [Mierla, M.] Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. [Mierla, M.; Gissot, S.; Marque, C.; Rodriguez, L.; West, M. J.; Zhukov, A. N.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence SIDC, Brussels, Belgium. [Inhester, B.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Antunes, A.; Howard, R. A.; Vourlidas, A.; Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boursier, Y.; Lamy, P.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Boursier, Y.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Inst, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Byrne, J. P.; Gallagher, P. T.; Maloney, S.; McAteer, T. J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Astrophys Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Colaninno, R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES SWPC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Howard, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Howard, T. A.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Kramar, M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Srivastava, N.] Phys Res Lab, Udaipur Solar Observ, Udaipur, India. [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Temmer, M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, Graz, Austria. [Thernisien, A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Zhukov, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Mierla, M (reprint author), Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. EM mmierla@gmail.com RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; McAteer, R. T. James/D-3736-2011; Byrne, Jason/K-4827-2013; Maloney, Shane/G-6879-2016; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Byrne, Jason/0000-0002-9412-8878; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558 FU SIDC; ROB; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz [APART 11262]; ESA; NASA FX M. M. would like to thank SIDC and ROB for the financial support and for the facilities to carry out this work. M. T. is a recipient of an APART-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz (APART 11262). We acknowledge the SECCHI/STEREO and SOHO/LASCO consortia for providing the data. The SEC-CHI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The LASCO data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France, the former Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale), the Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), and the School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, (UK). SoHO is a project of joint collaboration by ESA and NASA. NR 73 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900019 ER PT J AU Corke, TC Enloe, CL Wilkinson, SP AF Corke, Thomas C. Enloe, C. Lon Wilkinson, Stephen P. TI Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Flow Control SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE aerodynamic control; ionized gasses; body force ID PRESSURE TURBINE-BLADES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; SEPARATION CONTROL; SLIDING DISCHARGE; AIR; NITROGEN; SURFACE; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES AB The term plasma actuator has now been a part of the fluid dynamics flow-control vernacular for more than a decade. A particular type of plasma actuator that has gained wide use is based on a single-dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) mechanism that has desirable features for use in air at atmospheric pressures. For these actuators, the mechanism of flow control is through a generated body-force vector field that couples with the momentum in the external flow. The body force can be derived from first principles, and the effect of plasma actuators can be easily incorporated into flow solvers so that their placement and operation can be optimized. They have been used in a wide range of internal and external flow applications. Although initially considered useful only at low speeds, plasma actuators are effective in a number of applications at high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers, owing largely to more optimized actuator designs that were developed through better understanding and modeling of the actuator physics. New applications continue to appear through a growing number of programs in the United States, Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Russia, Australia, Japan, and China. This review provides an overview of the physics and modeling of SDBD plasma actuators. It highlights some of the capabilities of plasma actuators through examples from experiments and simulations. C1 [Corke, Thomas C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Enloe, C. Lon] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wilkinson, Stephen P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Corke, TC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM tcorke@nd.edu NR 106 TC 261 Z9 286 U1 20 U2 113 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2010 VL 42 BP 505 EP 529 DI 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145550 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 550DG UT WOS:000274107900021 ER PT J AU Peterson, J Smith, D Wood, AW AF Peterson, Jesse Smith, David Wood, Aihua W. TI Large solutions of coupled sublinear/superlinear elliptic equations SO APPLICABLE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE large solution; semilinear elliptic equation ID BOUNDARY AB We show that large positive solutions exist for the semilinear elliptic equation Delta u=p(x)u(alpha) + q(x)v(beta) on bounded domains in R(n), n >= 3, for the superlinear case 0 1, but not the sublinear case 0 < alpha <=beta <= 1. We also show that entire large positive solutions exist for both the superlinear and sublinear cases provided the nonnegative continuous functions p and q satisfy certain decay conditions at infinity. Existence and nonexistence of entire bounded solutions are established as well. C1 [Peterson, Jesse; Smith, David; Wood, Aihua W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6811 J9 APPL ANAL JI Appl. Anal. PY 2010 VL 89 IS 6 BP 905 EP 914 DI 10.1080/00036811003718663 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 611LT UT WOS:000278817400007 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. BE Rao, AV Lovell, TA Chan, FK Cangahuala, LA TI KAM TORI NORMAL COORDINATES SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 09-13, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The solution to motion in the vicinity of a KAM torus is constructed. Applying both the KAM theorem and assuming that Hamiltonian motion holds on at least a Cantor set of adjacent tori, the local linearization of a KAM torus can be constructed. A set of eigenvalue - like quantities must be determined to produce a description of local motion that remains bounded. The local motion near a KAM torus involves linear drift, and the Jordan form needs to be generalized to a full symmetric matrix. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-557-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 135 BP 1575 EP 1582 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQA45 UT WOS:000280501900089 ER PT S AU Tellez, JA Schmidt, JD AF Tellez, Jason A. Schmidt, Jason D. BE Korotkova, O TI Multi-Beam Transmitter Geometries for Free-Space Optical Communications SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Free-space optical communications; scintillation; fade probability ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; ANISOPLANATISM; BEAMS AB Free-space optical communications systems provide the opportunity to take advantage of higher data transfer rates and lower probability of intercept compared to radio-frequency communications. However, propagation through atmospheric turbulence, such as for airborne laser communication over long paths, results in intensity variations at the receiver and a corresponding degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance. Previous literature has shown that two transmitters, when separated sufficiently, can effectively average out the intensity varying effects of the atmospheric turbulence at the receiver. This research explores the impacts of adding more transmitters and the marginal reduction in the probability of signal fades while minimizing the overall transmitter footprint, an important design factor when considering an airborne communications system. Analytical results for the cumulative distribution function are obtained for tilt-only results, while wave-optics simulations are used to simulate the effects of scintillation. These models show that the probability of signal fade is reduced as the number of transmitters is increased. C1 [Tellez, Jason A.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tellez, JA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.tellez@afit.edu; jason.schmidt@afit.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7984-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7588 AR 758803 DI 10.1117/12.842315 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSH12 UT WOS:000284396600002 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Haiducek, JD Rice, CA Downs, AD Krizo, MJ Bartell, RJ Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Haiducek, John D. Rice, Christopher A. Downs, Adam D. Krizo, Matthew J. Bartell, Richard J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Field and Laboratory Validation of Surface Layer Optical Turbulence and Off-Axis Irradiance SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation VII CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE HELEEOS; high energy laser; atmospheric scattering AB The effects of optical turbulence on high energy laser propagation have been well documented. The optical turbulence is typically characterized using the index of refraction structure parameter, C(n)(2). The value and 3-D variation of C(n)(2) can be diagnosed for the surface boundary layer (lowest 50 m of the atmosphere) from values of temperature, pressure, humidity and wind velocity using meteorological similarity theory. Examples of such similarity theory C(n)(2) calculators include the Tunick model for overland applications and the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model for ocean scenarios, both of which are implemented in the AFIT CDE's (Center for Directed Energy) HELEEOS (High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation) and LEEDR (Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference) models where they can be assessed from 400 nm to 8.6 m, continuously. The HELEEOS model further allows for the calculation of the irradiance from within a HEL beam that is scattered by molecules and particulates in the atmosphere to an off-axis observation point, while incorporating the spreading effects of the turbulence and thermal blooming. Field and laboratory experiments conducted at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio in summer 2009 allowed for validation measurements for the surface layer optical turbulence and off-axis algorithms to be collected. Turbulence strength measurements were made at a wavelength of 1.55 mu m using a state of the art bistatic turbulence profiler for both horizontal and vertical paths. Pressure, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and aerosol loading data were collected simultaneously with the C(n)(2) measurements. As part of the experiment, the profiler's beams were imaged off-axis with a calibrated camera array and the received irradiance of the off-axis scattering was quantified. Characterization of the aerosol distribution along the laser path and the path to the observer is accomplished by determining the visibility and climatological aerosols for southwestern Ohio. Comparisons between predicted and measured C(n)(2) and off-axis irradiance are made. Additionally an experimental technique to derive C(n)(2) measurements from weather radar is described and compared to the turbulence profiler data. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Haiducek, John D.; Rice, Christopher A.; Downs, Adam D.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Bartell, Richard J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8149-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7685 AR 76850E DI 10.1117/12.849720 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSM44 UT WOS:000284932600010 ER PT S AU Leakeas, CL Bartell, RJ Krizo, MJ Fiorino, ST Cusumano, SJ Whiteley, MR AF Leakeas, Charles L. Bartell, Richard J. Krizo, Matthew J. Fiorino, Steven T. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Whiteley, Matthew R. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Effects of Thermal Blooming on Systems Comprised of Tiled Subapertures SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation VII CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tiled subapertures; atmospheric turbulence; thermal blooming; performance models AB Laser weapon systems comprise of tiled subapertures are rapidly emerging in the directed energy community. The Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy (AFIT/CDE), under sponsorship of the HEL Joint Technology Office has developed performance models of such laser weapon system configurations consisting of tiled arrays of both slab and fiber subapertures. These performance models are based on results of detailed waveoptics analyses conducted using WaveTrain. Previous performance model versions developed in this effort represent system characteristics such as subaperture shape, aperture fill factor, subaperture intensity profile, subaperture placement in the primary aperture, subaperture mutual coherence (piston), subaperture differential jitter (tilt), and beam quality wave-front error associated with each subaperture. The current work is a prerequisite for the development of robust performance models for turbulence and thermal blooming effects for tiled systems. Emphasis is placed on low altitude tactical scenarios. The enhanced performance model developed will be added to AFIT/CDE's HELEEOS parametric one-on-one engagement level model via the Scaling for High Energy Laser and Relay Engagement (SHaRE) toolbox. C1 [Leakeas, Charles L.; Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Fiorino, Steven T.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leakeas, CL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.bartell@afit.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8149-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7685 AR 76850M DI 10.1117/12.849696 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSM44 UT WOS:000284932600017 ER PT B AU Barrera, JE Most, SP Harsh, GR AF Barrera, Jose E. Most, Sam P. Harsh, Griffith R. BE Shiffman, MA TI Autologous Fat Grafts for Skull Base Repair After Craniotomies SO AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSFER: ART, SCIENCE, AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Barrera, Jose E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Div Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Harsh, Griffith R.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Most, Sam P.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Dept Otolaryngol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Most, Sam P.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Dept Surg Plast Surg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Barrera, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Div Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, 59 MDW SGOSO,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jebarrera@yahoo.com; smost@ohns.stanford.edu; gharsh@stanford.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-00472-8 PY 2010 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00473-5_49 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-00473-5 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BNK91 UT WOS:000274823600049 ER PT S AU Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Peyghambarian, N Yamamoto, M Khoury, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Peyghambarian, Nasser Yamamoto, Michiharu Khoury, Jed BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A Chodos, SL Thompson, WE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Real-time Intensity Filtering with Organic Photorefractive Materials via Four Wave Mixing SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XX; ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXIV; AND OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XX - Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXIV - and Optical Pattern Recognition XXI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE photorefractive optics; nonlinear optical signal processing; optical nonlinearities in organic materials ID EDGE-ENHANCEMENT AB In this paper, we exploit the nonlinearity inherent in four-wave mixing in organic photorefractive materials and demonstrate edge enhancement, contrast conversion, and defect enhancement in a periodic structure. With the availability of these materials, which have large space-bandwidth products, edge enhancement, contrast conversion and defect enhancement are possible. C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.; Khoury, Jed] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Haji-saeed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8160-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7696 AR 76961P DI 10.1117/12.849458 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSH11 UT WOS:000284396300050 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A Chodos, SL Thompson, WE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Two-beam coupling image restoration for one-way image transmission in an aberrating medium SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XX; ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXIV; AND OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XX - Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXIV - and Optical Pattern Recognition XXI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE photorefractive optics; nonlinear optical signal processing; optical nonlinearities in organic materials ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; RANGE COMPRESSION DECONVOLUTION; NOISE-REDUCTION; OPTICAL-LIMITER AB In this paper we demonstrate image restoration via photorefractive two-beam coupling. Our restoration is based on coupling between the joint spectra of the distortion impulse response and the distorted image, and the clean reference beam. The image restoration is used to demonstrate one-way image transmission in an aberrating medium. Our experimental demonstration is supported by theoretical modeling of the restoration process and by computer modeling. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8160-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7696 AR 76961Q DI 10.1117/12.849461 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSH11 UT WOS:000284396300051 ER PT S AU Krizo, MJ Cusumano, SJ Velten, VR AF Krizo, Matthew J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Velten, Victor R. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A Chodos, SL Thompson, WE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Tracking Algorithm Selection Considerations for Airborne Laser Pointer/Tracker System SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XX; ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXIV; AND OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XX - Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXIV - and Optical Pattern Recognition XXI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Real Time; Tracking; Centroid; Correlator AB The Air Force Institute of Technology's Center for Directed Energy's (AFIT/CDE), under sponsorship of the HEL Joint Technology Office, and as part of a multidisciplinary research initiative on aero optics effects, has designed and fabricated a laser pointing/tracking system. This system will serve as the laser source for a series of in-flight data collection campaigns involving two aircraft. Real-Time tracking systems have a distinct difference from automatic image analysis. Both activities often involve the segmentation of an image and the automatic location of an item of interest. A number of advanced tracking algorithms have been developed for applications involving processing previously captured data. Medical imaging applications frequently use post processing algorithms to segment anomalies in medical imaging. In this paper we discuss an airborne laser pointing and tracking system and its requirements, designed and implemented at AFIT. This application is different because the image processing must be completed during the inter-frame period. AFIT analyzed available tracking algorithms including: centroid tracking, Fitts correlator, Posterior Track, and Active Contour. These algorithms were evaluated on their ability to both accurately track and to be computed in real time using existing hardware. The analysis shows that some of the more accurate tracking algorithms are not easily implementable in real time. Often there are large numbers of correlations that must be computed for each frame. Higher resolution images quickly escalate this problem. Algorithm selection for tracking applications must balance the need for accuracy and computational simplicity. Real time tracking algorithms are limited by the amount of time between frames with which to processes the data. Specialized hardware can improve this situation. We selected centroid tracking for the airborne application and evaluate its performance to show that it meets design requirements. C1 [Krizo, Matthew J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.; Velten, Victor R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krizo, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8160-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7696 AR 769617 DI 10.1117/12.849571 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSH11 UT WOS:000284396300038 ER PT J AU Jersey, SL Baril, RT McCarty, RD Millhouse, CM AF Jersey, Sean L. Baril, Robert T. McCarty, Richmond D. Millhouse, Christina M. TI Severe Neurological Decompression Sickness in a U-2 Pilot SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE U-2; case report; altitude; decompression sickness; neurological symptoms; traumatic brain injury; magnetic resonance imaging ID PREVALENCE; LESIONS AB Severe neurological decompression sickness (DCS) has been a rare entity in the U.S. Air Force, including the U-2 community. In over 50 yr of operation, few U-2 pilots reported severe neurological DCS in flight despite the extreme altitudes at which they operate. This article describes a near-fatal case of neurological DCS that occurred during a combat mission. The injury left the pilot with permanent cognitive deficits that correlated with focal lesions present on magnetic resonance imaging of his brain. To our knowledge, the images presented herein are the first to show radiological evidence of brain injury induced by altitude DCS. Though only a single case, the objective and clinical findings in the case pilot are similar to results documented in divers suffering DCS with central nervous system injury and victims of traumatic brain injury. DCS will remain a potentially serious threat to current and future air and space operations. C1 [Jersey, Sean L.; Millhouse, Christina M.] 99th Reconnaissance Squadron, Beale AFB, CA USA. [Baril, Robert T.] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Radiol Residence Program, Travis AFB, CA USA. [McCarty, Richmond D.] N Mississippi Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, Tupelo, MS USA. RP Jersey, SL (reprint author), 9th AMDS SGOAF, 15301 Warren Shingle Rd, Beale AFB, CA 95903 USA. EM sean.jersey@beale.af.mil NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2303.2010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 539QB UT WOS:000273270900011 PM 20058739 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Park, JH Smith, HE Grazulis, L Eyink, K AF Mitchel, W. C. Park, J. H. Smith, H. E. Grazulis, L. Eyink, K. BE Saddow, SE Sanchez, E Zhao, F Dudley, M TI Graphene growth on SiC and metal surfaces by solid carbon source deposition SO B - SILICON CARBIDE 2010-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP MRS ID SILICON-CARBIDE; GRAPHITE; DECOMPOSITION; PRESSURE; LAYERS; FILMS AB Graphene has been grown by direct deposition of carbon from solid sources on both SiC and Ta films on SiC in an MBE environment. Carbon fluxes were obtained from thermally evaporated C-60 and from a heated graphite filament. The graphene films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Graphene films on Si-face SiC grown by carbon source MBE (CSMBE) were compared with graphene grown by the standard epitaxial graphene process using SiC thermal decomposition. CSMBE on SiC was found to grow at lower temperatures (1200 degrees C) and to have fewer pits and a more uniform surface. Uniform graphene films were found to grow on Ta films after exposure to both carbon sources at 1200 degrees C but Raman measurements showed no signs of graphene on films exposed to the same temperature without a carbon flux. C1 [Mitchel, W. C.; Park, J. H.; Smith, H. E.; Grazulis, L.; Eyink, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 23 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-223-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1246 DI 10.1557/PROC-1246-B10-02 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAW97 UT WOS:000305896100032 ER PT S AU Sellinger, AT Deshmukh, S Ounaies, Z Kim, SN Vaia, RA AF Sellinger, Aaron T. Deshmukh, Sujay Ounaies, Zoubeida Kim, Sang Nyon Vaia, Richard A. BE Ounaies, Z Li, J TI Measuring SWNT Depth in Electroactive Polymer Nanocomposite Films using Electric Force Microscopy SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE AFM; EFM; polymer nanocomposite; SWNT; electrostriction; actuation ID CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES AB Although a number of hypotheses have been presented to explain the enhanced electromechanical performance observed in electroactive polymer nanocomposite materials, many of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this behavior remain unclear. In this report, electric force microscopy (EFM) is used to investigate the near surface morphology of an electroactive polyimide-based nanocomposite film containing SWNTs in an effort to gain insight into the electrical interactions occurring at the polymer-electrode interface. As a means of measuring the proximity of SWNTs to this interface, the depths of SWNTs buried beneath a processing-induced polymer skin layer are determined using EFM measurements derived from a sample standard. In this way, evaluation of the ability for embedded SWNT structures to behave as extensions of surface electrodes is possible, a scenario that could potentially reduce the applied field required to elicit electromechanical actuation. C1 [Sellinger, Aaron T.; Kim, Sang Nyon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sellinger, AT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8059-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7644 AR 76441I DI 10.1117/12.851913 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Optics GA BSS31 UT WOS:000285624700037 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Hong, GY Pachter, R Cheung, MS AF Wang, Qian Hong, Gongyi Pachter, Ruth Cheung, Margaret S. TI Molecular Mechanisms of Peptide Translocation Across Micelles: A Case Study of Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Antimicrobial Peptide SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Qian; Cheung, Margaret S.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Hong, Gongyi; Pachter, Ruth] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 87A EP 87A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762000463 ER PT S AU Hagen, JA Kim, SN Bayraktaroglu, B Kelley-Loughnane, N Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Hagen, Joshua A. Kim, Sang Nyon Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Naik, Rajesh R. Stone, Morley O. BE Mohseni, H Razeghi, M TI DNA aptamer functionalized zinc oxide field effect transistors for liquid state selective sensing of small molecules SO BIOSENSING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biosensing III CY AUG 01-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DNA aptamer; biological recognition element; field effect transistor; sensor; zinc oxide; riboflavin ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; LABEL-FREE; SENSORS; BIOSENSORS; SERUM; GAS AB In this work, we show the use of single stranded DNA aptamers as selective biorecognition elements in a sensor based on a field effect transistor (FET) platform. Aptamers are chemically attached to the semiconducting material in the FET through the use of linker molecules and confirmed through atomic force microscopy and positive target detection. Highly selective sensing of a small molecule, riboflavin is shown down to the nano-molar level in zinc oxide FET and micro-molar level in a carbon nanotube FET. High selectivity is determined through the use of negative control target molecules with similar molecular structures as the positive control targets with little to no sensor response. The goal of this work is to develop a sensor platform where biorecognition elements can be used to functionalize an array of transistors for simultaneous sensing of multiple targets in biological fluids. C1 [Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hagen, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8255-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7759 AR 775912 DI 10.1117/12.860574 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSU76 UT WOS:000285834600016 ER PT S AU Betancor, L Luckarift, HR AF Betancor, Lorena Luckarift, Heather R. BE Harding, SE TI Co-immobilized coupled enzyme systems in biotechnology SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING REVIEWS, VOL 27 SE Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; POLYKETIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; ORGANIC COSOLVENTS; CARBON NANOTUBES; COIMMOBILIZATION; MULTIENZYME; BIOSENSOR; STABILITY; STABILIZATION AB The development of coimmobilized multi-enzymatic systems is increasingly driven by economic and environmental constraints that provide an impetus to develop alternatives to conventional multistep synthetic methods. As in nature, enzyme-based systems work cooperatively to direct the formation of desired products within the defined compartmentalization of a cell. In an attempt to mimic biology, coimmobilization is intended to immobilize a number of sequential or cooperating biocatalysts on the same support to impart stability and enhance reaction kinetics by optimizing catalytic turnover. There are three primary reasons for the utilization of coimmobilized enzymes: to enhance the efficiency of one of the enzymes by the in-situ generation of its substrate, to simplify a process that is conventionally carried out in several steps and/or to eliminate undesired by-products of an enzymatic reaction. As such, coimmobilization provides benefits that span numerous biotechnological applications, from biosensing of molecules to cofactor recycling and to combination of multiple biocatalysts for the synthesis of valuable products. C1 [Betancor, Lorena] Campus Univ Cantoblanco, Madrid Inst Adv Studies, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Luckarift, Heather R.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), Campus Univ Cantoblanco, Madrid Inst Adv Studies, C Einstein,13 Pabellon C 1 Planta, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM lorena.betancor@uam.es; heather.luckarift.ctr@tyndall.af.mil NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 37 PU NOTTINGHAM UNIV PRESS PI NOTTINGHAM PA TOLL HOUSE HILL, 6TH FLR CITY GATE EAST, NOTTINGHAM NG1 5FS, ENGLAND SN 0264-8725 BN 978-1-908062-02-4 J9 BIOTECHNOL GENET ENG JI Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. PY 2010 VL 27 BP 95 EP 114 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA BSZ69 UT WOS:000286179900004 PM 21415894 ER PT J AU Simmons, JW Chung, KK Renz, EM White, CE Cotant, CL Tilley, MA Hardin, MO Jones, JA Blackbourne, LH Wolf, SE AF Simmons, John W. Chung, Kevin K. Renz, Evan M. White, Christopher E. Cotant, Casey L. Tilley, Molly A. Hardin, Mark O. Jones, John A. Blackbourne, Lorne H. Wolf, Steven E. TI Fenoldopam use in a burn intensive care unit: a retrospective study SO BMC ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Fenoldopam mesylate is a highly selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist approved for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies that may have a role at low doses in preserving renal function in those at high risk for or with acute kidney injury (AKI). There is no data on low-dose fenoldopam in the burn population. The purpose of our study was to describe our use of low-dose fenoldopam (0.03-0.09 mu g/kg/min) infusion in critically ill burn patients with AKI. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to our burn intensive care unit (BICU) with severe burns from November 2005 through September 2008 who received low-dose fenoldopam. Data obtained included systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, vasoactive medication use, urine output, and intravenous fluid. Patients on concomitant continuous renal replacement therapy were excluded. Modified inotrope score and vasopressor dependency index were calculated. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, Wilcoxson signed rank, and chi-square tests were used. Differences were deemed significant at p < 0.05. Results: Seventy-seven patients were treated with low-dose fenoldopam out of 758 BICU admissions (10%). Twenty (26%) were AKI network (AKIN) stage 1, 14 (18%) were AKIN stage 2, 42 (55%) were AKIN stage 3, and 1 (1%) was AKIN stage 0. Serum creatinine improved over the first 24 hours and continued to improve through 48 hours (p < 0.05). There was an increase in systolic blood pressure in the first 24 hours that was sustained through 48 hours after initiation of fenoldopam (p < 0.05). Urine output increased after initiation of fenoldopam without an increase in intravenous fluid requirement (p < 0.05; p = NS). Modified inotrope score and vasopressor dependency index both decreased over 48 hours (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0012). Conclusions: These findings suggest that renal function was preserved and that urine output improved without a decrease in systolic blood pressure, increase in vasoactive medication use, or an increase in resuscitation requirement in patients treated with low-dose fenoldopam. A randomized controlled trial is required to establish the efficacy of low-dose fenoldopam in critically ill burn patients with AKI. C1 [Simmons, John W.; Chung, Kevin K.; Renz, Evan M.; White, Christopher E.; Hardin, Mark O.; Jones, John A.; Blackbourne, Lorne H.; Wolf, Steven E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cotant, Casey L.; Tilley, Molly A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Renz, Evan M.; White, Christopher E.; Wolf, Steven E.] UT Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Chung, Kevin K.; Renz, Evan M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Simmons, JW (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM john.simmons@amedd.army.mil OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2253 J9 BMC ANESTHESIOL JI BMC Anesthesiol. PY 2010 VL 10 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1471-2253-10-9 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA V27TW UT WOS:000208636500009 PM 20576149 ER PT S AU Sharma, HS Hussain, S Schlager, J Ali, SF Sharma, A AF Sharma, Hari Shanker Hussain, Saber Schlager, John Ali, Syed F. Sharma, Aruna BE Czernicki, Z Baethmann, A Ito, U Katayama, Y Kuroiwa, T Mendelow, D TI Influence of Nanoparticles on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Brain Edema Formation in Rats SO BRAIN EDEMA XIV SE Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Brain Edema and Brain Tissue Injury CY JUN 11-14, 2008 CL Warsaw, POLAND DE Nanoparticles; silver; copper; aluminum; blood-brain barrier; brain edema; Evans blue; radioiodine ID STRESS; FLOW; TRANSLOCATION; PARTICLES; TOXICITY; MICE AB Nanoparticles are small sized (1-100 nm) particles derived from transition metals, silver, copper, aluminum, silicon, carbon and metal oxides that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or produce damage to the barrier integrity by altering endothelial cell membrane permeability. However, the influence of nanoparticles on BBB integrity is still not well-known. In this investigation, effect of nanoparticles derived from Ag, Al and Cu (50-60 nm) on BBB permeability in relation to brain edema formation was examined in a rat model. Intravenous (30 mg/kg), intraperitoneal (50 mg/kg) or intracerebral (20 mu g in 10 mu L) administration of Ag, Cu or AI nanoparticles disrupted the BBB function to Evans blue albumin (EBA) and radioiodine in rats 24 h after administration and induced brain edema formation. The leakage of Evans blue dye was observed largely in the ventral surface of brain and in the proximal frontal cortex. The dorsal surfaces of cerebellum showed mild to moderate EBA staining. These effects were most pronounced in animals that received Ag or Cu nanoparticles compared to Al nanoparticles through intravenous routes. These observations are the first to suggest that nanoparticles can induce brain edema formation by influencing BBB breakdown in vivo. C1 [Sharma, Hari Shanker; Sharma, Aruna] Univ Uppsala Hosp, Lab Cerebrovasc Res, Dept Surg Sci Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Frodingsgatan 12 28, SE-75421 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hussain, Saber; Schlager, John] Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ali, Syed F.] Natl Ctr Toxicol, Div Neurotoxicol, Neurochem Lab, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Sharma, HS (reprint author), Univ Uppsala Hosp, Lab Cerebrovasc Res, Dept Surg Sci Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Frodingsgatan 12 28, SE-75421 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Sharma@surgsci.uu.se RI Sharma, Aruna/D-4430-2011; Sharma, Hari/G-4508-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA8655-05-1-3065]; Acure Pharma; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; University Grants Commission; Department of Science and Technology; Govt. of India FX This investigation is partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (London), Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-05-1-3065.Financial support from Acure Pharma (Sweden); Astra-Zeneca, Molndal, Sweden, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany); The University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi is gratefully acknowledged NR 17 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0065-1419 BN 978-3-211-98758-2 J9 ACTA NEUROCHIR SUPPL JI Acta Neurochir. Suppl. PY 2010 VL 106 BP 359 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-211-98811-4_65 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA BNL75 UT WOS:000274867500065 PM 19812977 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Yang, JY Dutta, D DeSimio, MP Olson, SE Swenson, ED AF Sohn, H. Yang, J. Y. Dutta, D. DeSimio, M. P. Olson, S. E. Swenson, E. D. BE Frangopol, DM Sause, R Kusko, CS TI Imaging ultrasonic waves in complex structures using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer SO BRIDGE MAINTENANCE, SAFETY, MANAGEMENT AND LIFE-CYCLE OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Lehigh Univ, Adv Technol Large Struct Syst (ATLSS) Engn Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA SP Digitexx Data Syst, Inc, U S Dept Transportat, Fed Highway Adm, Penn Infrastructure Technol Alliance (PITA), T Y Lin Int, Int Assoc Bridge Maintenance & Safety (IABMAS) HO Lehigh Univ, Adv Technol Large Struct Syst (ATLSS) Engn Res Ctr ID LAMB WAVES AB Ultrasonic wave propagation through metallic and composite structures is of considerable interest in the context of non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) and structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper presents images of ultrasonic wave fields in specimens varying in structure and composition. The ultrasonic waves are generated in the structures using surface bonded piezoelectric wafer actuators. A scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) is used to image out-of-plane velocity field across the surface of the structure. The images thus obtained give valuable insight into the interaction of ultrasonic waves with various structural components (like stiffeners, bolts, lap joints and variation in thickness etc.) as well as the interaction with damages (like notches and impact damages). A proper understanding of such interactions would hopefully lead to improved damage detection in complex engineering structures in future. C1 [Sohn, H.; Yang, J. Y.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Dutta, D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [DeSimio, M. P.; Olson, S. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. FU Nuclear Research & Development Program [2009-0083489]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST); Agency for Defense Development [UC080019JD] FX This work was supported by the Nuclear Research & Development Program (2009-0083489) of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST)and Applied Research Grant from the Agency for Defense Development (UC080019JD). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-87786-2 PY 2010 BP 298 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFN40 UT WOS:000320615000034 ER PT J AU Gifford, SM Burkhardt, GE Spencer, JR Propper, BW Rasmussen, TE AF Gifford, S. M. Burkhardt, G. E. Spencer, J. R. Propper, B. W. Rasmussen, T. E. TI Venous ligation in the setting of extremity vascular injury leads to edema and elevation of muscle tissue injury markers in a novel animal model SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Electronic Poster of Distinction in Association-of-Surgeons-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland-International-Surgi cal-Congress CY APR 14-16, 2010 CL Liverpool, ENGLAND SP Assoc Surg Great Britain & Ireland Int Surg Congress C1 [Gifford, S. M.; Burkhardt, G. E.; Spencer, J. R.; Propper, B. W.] USAF, Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rasmussen, T. E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-1323 J9 BRIT J SURG JI Br. J. Surg. PY 2010 VL 97 SU 2 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 764WA UT WOS:000290664000035 ER PT J AU Perryman, AA Butler, FC Martin, JA Ferris, GR AF Perryman, Alexa A. Butler, Frank C. Martin, John A. Ferris, Gerald R. TI When the CEO is ill: Keeping quiet or going public? SO BUSINESS HORIZONS LA English DT Article DE CEO health; Disclosure; Shareholder wealth; Succession ID FIRM PERFORMANCE; TOP MANAGERS; SUCCESSION; TURNOVER; WEALTH AB CEOs represent the pinnacle of leadership in organizations. In addition to power and prestige, constant media scrutiny and pressures to exceed past levels of firm performance are often associated with this role. Although CEOs may rely on other top managers for input regarding operational decisions and long-term planning, the outcomes of strategic initiatives rest solely on their shoulders. Moreover, how CEOs are depicted in the press can greatly affect public opinion about their organizations. In recent years, CEO health and health concerns have made headlines for such well-known companies as McDonald's, Clorox, Pilgrim's Pride, and EarthLink. In this article we discuss the ramifications of disclosure and non-disclosure of serious CEO health issues, and their potential impact on shareholder wealth and succession planning. We conclude by offering a few thoughts about the future direction of CEO health. (C)) 2009 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. C1 [Butler, Frank C.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Business, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Perryman, Alexa A.] Texas Christian Univ, Neeley Sch Business, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Martin, John A.] USAF Acad, USAFA DFM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ferris, Gerald R.] Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Butler, FC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Business, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. EM a.a.perryman@tcu.edu; frank-butler@utc.edu; john.rnartin@usafa.edu; gferris@cob.fsu.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-6813 J9 BUS HORIZONS JI Bus. Horiz. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.bushor.2009.08.006 PG 9 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 713ZV UT WOS:000286777300004 ER PT B AU Algaba, F Sesterhenn, IA AF Algaba, Ferran Sesterhenn, Isabell A. BE Laguna, MP Albers, P Bokemeyer, C Richie, JP TI Histological Classification and Pathology of Testicular Tumors SO CANCER OF THE TESTIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; CORD-STROMAL TUMORS; JUVENILE GRANULOSA-CELL; YOLK-SAC TUMOR; PEUTZ-JEGHERS-SYNDROME; METASTATIC SPERMATOCYTIC SEMINOMA; INTRATUBULAR EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA; INFANTILE TESTIS; IN-SITU; CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS C1 [Algaba, Ferran] Fundacio Puigvert Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Pathol, Barcelona 08025, Spain. [Sesterhenn, Isabell A.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Algaba, F (reprint author), Fundacio Puigvert Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Pathol, Calle Cartagena 340-350, Barcelona 08025, Spain. EM falgaba@fundacio-puigvert.es NR 153 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84800-369-9 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-370-5_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-84800-370-5 PG 24 WC Oncology; Surgery; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Surgery; Urology & Nephrology GA BVA07 UT WOS:000290878900001 ER PT J AU Alba-Baena, N Salas, W Murr, LE AF Alba-Baena, Noe Salas, Wayne Murr, Lawrence E. BE Marulanda, JM TI Shock-Wave-Compaction (SWC) of Al/CNT Two Phase Systems SO CARBON NANOTUBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; SIC PARTICLES; CONSOLIDATION; FIBER; NANOCOMPOSITES; FABRICATION; POWDERS C1 [Alba-Baena, Noe] Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. [Salas, Wayne] Tinker AFB, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Murr, Lawrence E.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Alba-Baena, N (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-054-4 PY 2010 BP 635 EP 664 PG 30 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD7WE UT WOS:000363643700033 ER PT S AU Gordon, JM Spidell, MT Pitz, J Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Gordon, J. Motos Spidell, Matthew T. Pitz, Jeremey Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI High speed spectral measurements of IED detonation fireballs SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Fourier-transform spectroscopy; combustion; detonation; improvised explosive device (IED); home made explosive (HME) AB Several homemade explosives (HMEs) were manufactured and detonated at a desert test facility. Visible and infrared signatures were collected using two Fourier transform spectrometers, two thermal imaging cameras, a radiometer, and a commercial digital video camera. Spectral emissions from the post-detonation combustion fireball were dominated by continuum radiation. The events were short-lived, decaying in total intensity by an order of magnitude within approximately 300ms after detonation. The HME detonation produced a dust cloud in the immediate area that surrounded and attenuated the emitted radiation from the fireball. Visible imagery revealed a dark particulate ( soot) cloud within the larger surrounding dust cloud. The ejected dust clouds attenuated much of the radiation from the post-detonation combustion fireballs, thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. The poor SNR at later times made it difficult to detect selective radiation from by-product gases on the time scale (similar to 500ms) in which they have been observed in other HME detonations. C1 [Gordon, J. Motos; Spidell, Matthew T.; Pitz, Jeremey; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordon, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kevin.Gross@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8129-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7665 AR 76650S DI 10.1117/12.850177 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS35 UT WOS:000285626600022 ER PT J AU Ma, J Li, YN White, T Urbas, A Li, Q AF Ma, Ji Li, Yannian White, Timothy Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Light-driven nanoscale chiral molecular switch: reversible dynamic full range color phototuning SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MOTOR; AMPLIFICATION AB A light-driven nanoscale chiral molecular switch was found to impart its chirality to an achiral liquid crystal host to form a self-organized, optically tunable helical superstructure capable of fast and reversible phototuning of the structural reflection across the entire visible region. C1 [Ma, Ji; Li, Yannian; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [White, Timothy; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM quan@lci.kent.edu RI Li, Yannian/B-7000-2012; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0193, FA9550-09-1-0254]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [IIP 0750379] FX The work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-09-1-0193 and FA9550-09-1-0254), the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the National Science Foundation (IIP 0750379). We thank T. J. Bunning and J. W. Doane for fruitful discussions. NR 36 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2010 VL 46 IS 20 BP 3463 EP 3465 DI 10.1039/c002436h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 593UW UT WOS:000277487700006 PM 20582347 ER PT J AU Ramasamy, RP Luckarift, HR Ivnitski, DM Atanassov, PB Johnson, GR AF Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Luckarift, Heather R. Ivnitski, Dmitri M. Atanassov, Plamen B. Johnson, Glenn R. TI High electrocatalytic activity of tethered multicopper oxidase-carbon nanotube conjugates SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; LACCASE; ENCAPSULATION; PROTEINS; GOLD AB Multicopper oxidases linked to multiwall carbon nanotubes via the molecular tethering reagent, 1-pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester, displayed high bioelectrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. C1 [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ivnitski, Dmitri M.; Atanassov, Plamen B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ivnitski, Dmitri M.; Atanassov, Plamen B.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 FU AFOSR; AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; DOD/AFOSR MURI [FA9550-06-1-0264] FX AFRL work was supported by the AFOSR and AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The UNM research was supported by DOD/AFOSR MURI (code FA9550-06-1-0264). NR 19 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2010 VL 46 IS 33 BP 6045 EP 6047 DI 10.1039/c0cc00911c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638CI UT WOS:000280868200004 PM 20571702 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Sizemore, SR Roy, J Lau, C Gupta, G Atanassov, P Johnson, GR AF Luckarift, Heather R. Sizemore, Susan R. Roy, Jared Lau, Carolin Gupta, Gautum Atanassov, Plamen Johnson, Glenn R. TI Standardized microbial fuel cell anodes of silica-immobilized Shewanella oneidensis SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MR-1; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION; BACTERIA; BIOFILMS AB Populations of metabolically active bacteria were associated at an electrode surface via vapor-deposition of silica to facilitate in situ characterization of bacterial physiology and bioelectrocatalytic activity in microbial fuel cells. C1 [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Roy, Jared; Lau, Carolin; Gupta, Gautum; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 FU AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX AFRL work was supported by AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Biotechnology Program and Bioenergy Initiative. The UNM research was supported by DOD/AFOSR MURI (code FA9550-06-1-0264). NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2010 VL 46 IS 33 BP 6048 EP 6050 DI 10.1039/c0cc01255f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638CI UT WOS:000280868200005 PM 20574569 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Probing peptide-nanomaterial interactions SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; CARBON NANOTUBES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBODY RECOGNITION; INORGANIC MATERIALS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; BINDING PEPTIDES; PHAGE DISPLAY; ALPHA-HELICES; NANOCLUSTERS AB Peptide enabled synthesis of nanomaterials offer the ability to control size distributions; morphologies; and provide a range of surface functionalities. Invariably, these qualities are determined by how well peptides are able to interact with nanomaterials via their primary amino acid sequence and/or secondary structure. At present, though, the effect of the primary and secondary peptide structure on peptide-nanomaterial interactions is not well understood and lacks precise characterization with regard to peptide binding interactions. This shortcoming is even further complicated due to the fact that each peptide-nanomaterial interaction is unique for a given set of peptides and nanoparticles. As a result, the behavior of peptides in the presence of nanomaterials requires a separate study and individual consideration on a peptide per peptide basis. Because of this, the effectiveness of peptide-nanoparticle complexes is often "hit or miss'' under experimental conditions and when challenged with large sets of potential nanoparticle-binding peptides. In the following tutorial review, we highlight relevant peptide-nanoparticle interactions, describe binding and structural data for these interactions, and provide a general description of appropriate biochemical and physical characterization techniques adopted from materials science, structural biology, and biochemistry to probe synthetically produced peptide-nanoparticle complexes. C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFRL/RX Bio Program FX Funding for this work as provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the AFRL/RX Bio Program. We acknowledge the research contributions of several collaborators. We thank Oksana Pavlyuk for proofreading that manuscript. NR 50 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 13 U2 106 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 9 BP 3454 EP 3463 DI 10.1039/b918035b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 641FJ UT WOS:000281109900011 PM 20672177 ER PT J AU Bozovic, A Feil, S Koyanagi, GK Viggiano, AA Zhang, XH Schlangen, M Schwarz, H Bohme, DK AF Bozovic, Andrea Feil, Stefan Koyanagi, Gregory K. Viggiano, Albert A. Zhang, Xinhao Schlangen, Maria Schwarz, Helmut Bohme, Diethard K. TI Conversion of Methane to Methanol: Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum (d(9)) Cations as Catalysts for the Oxidation of Methane by Ozone at Room Temperature SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE C-H activation; density functional calculations; methanol; oxidation; ozone; transition metals ID TRANSITION-METAL IONS; GAS-PHASE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ACTIVATION; CLUSTERS; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE; REACTIVITY; KINETICS AB The room-temperature chemical kinetics has been measured for the catalytic activity of Group 10 atomic cations in the oxidation of methane to methanol by ozone. Ni+ is observed to be the most efficient catalyst. The complete catalytic cycle with Ni+ is interpreted with a computed potential energy landscape and, in principle, has an infinite turnover number for the oxidation of methane, without poisoning side reactions. The somewhat lower catalytic activity of Pd+ is reported for the first time and also explored with DFT calculations. Pt+ is seen to be ineffective as a catalyst because of the observed failure of PtO+ to convert methane to methanol. C1 [Zhang, Xinhao; Schlangen, Maria; Schwarz, Helmut] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Bozovic, Andrea; Feil, Stefan; Koyanagi, Gregory K.; Bohme, Diethard K.] York Univ, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Schwarz, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, Str 17,Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. EM Helmut.Schwarz@mail.chem.tu-berlin.de; dkbohme@yorku.ca RI Zhang, Xinhao/G-4490-2010 OI Zhang, Xinhao/0000-0002-8210-2531 FU National Research Council (Canada); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada); MDS SCIEX; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung FX D.K.B. acknowledges continued financial support from the National Research Council (Canada), the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada) and MDS SCIEX. As holder of a Canada Research Chair in Physical Chemistry, D.K.B. also thanks the contributions of the Canada Research Chair Program to this research. The research in Berlin was supported by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft "Cluster of Excellence: Unifying Conception in Catalysis". X.Z. acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. NR 62 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 38 BP 11605 EP 11610 DI 10.1002/chem.201000627 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 673CC UT WOS:000283634900016 PM 20827690 ER PT S AU Beier, HT Cote, GL Meissner, KE AF Beier, Hope T. Cote, Gerard L. Meissner, Kenith E. BE Osinski, M Parak, WJ Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Whispering-Gallery Mode Based Biosensing Using Quantum Dot-Embedded Microspheres SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications V CY JAN 23-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Ocean Opt Inc DE Whispering Gallery Modes; Quantum Dots; Optical Resonances; Biosensing; Microspheres; Refractive Index; Total Internal Reflection ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; SHIFT; SENSITIVITY; MOLECULES; SINGLE; LAYER AB Highly sensitive, miniature biosensors are desired for the development of new techniques for biological and environmental analyte sensing. One potential approach uses the detection of optical resonances, known as Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs), from quantum dot embedded polystyrene microspheres. These modes arise from the total internal reflection of the quantum dot emission light within the high index polystyrene microsphere, to produce narrow spectral peaks, which are sensitive to refractive changes in the immediate vicinity of the microsphere surface. The high refractometric sensitivity of the WGMs in these microspheres offers potential for remote detection of molecules adsorbed onto or bound to the microsphere surface without the need for direct coupling of the light via an optical fiber. The sensitivity of these modes has been shown to exceed the theoretical sensitivity of a homogeneous microsphere, using a Mie theory model. This enhancement is believed to be due to the embedded layer of quantum dots at the surface of the microspheres. A model was developed to demonstrate that the embedded QDs could be modeled as a high index outer layer to explain the observed WGM spectra and explore the sensitivity of the modes. In this work, we extend this idea to multiple layers to model the effects of protein adsorption or binding to the surface. The theoretical results are shown to provide a close fit to our previous experimental results. C1 [Beier, Hope T.; Cote, Gerard L.; Meissner, Kenith E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Beier, HT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th HPW-RHDO,2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RI Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014 OI Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7971-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7575 AR 75750H DI 10.1117/12.842595 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSS17 UT WOS:000285581700010 ER PT J AU Kaziska, D Srivastava, A AF Kaziska, David Srivastava, Anuj TI Joint Gait-Cadence Analysis for Human Identification Using an Elastic Shape Framework SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Biometrics; Gait recognition; Shape classification; Statistical shape analysis; Statistics on shape manifolds ID RECOGNITION; MANIFOLDS; METRICS; CURVES; SPACES AB We perform human identification by gait recognition where subjects' gait is represented by silhouettes which are elements of a manifold of Square-Root Velocity functions. Gait cycles become stochastic processes on this manifold; cadence its rate of execution. Using geometry of this manifold, we compute mean gait cycle templates for subjects. An observation model, where test sequences are random perturbations of templates, produces likelihood functions for classification. We perform temporal registrationlinear and nonlinearof cycles with templates, removing cadence effects. In an experiment on 26 individuals, linear registration, preserving cadence, performs better than nonlinear registration, which removes cadence. C1 [Kaziska, David] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Srivastava, Anuj] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kaziska, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dkaziska@afit.edu RI Srivastava, Anuj/F-7417-2011 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0926 EI 1532-415X J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2010 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1817 EP 1831 AR PII 922131054 DI 10.1080/03610920902912950 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 595OR UT WOS:000277621500009 ER PT J AU Simoes, R Silva, J Cadilhe, A Vaia, R AF Simoes, Ricardo Silva, Jaime Cadilhe, Antonio Vaia, Richard TI Applications of the Graph Theory to the Prediction of Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Nano-filled Polymers SO COMPOSITE INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Polymer-based nanocomposites; graph theory; modeling and simulation; carbon nanofibers; nanofiber network ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; METAL-LOADED DIELECTRICS; CARBON-NANOTUBE; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; COMPOSITES; BREAKDOWN; COMPUTER; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; PARTICLES AB The addition of carbon nanofibers to a polymeric matrix is known to affect its mechanical and electrical properties, although the mechanisms responsible for the changes are not sufficiently understood. Particularly, there are currently no adequate predictive methods that allow the creation of knowledge-based structures tailored for specific electrical response. We have developed a method for predicting the electric and dielectric properties of nanofiber-reinforced polymer matrices based on the application of the graph theory and circuit laws. We consider the individual properties of the polymeric matrix and the complex nanofiber network (including fiber orientation, concentration, and size), under an applied external electric field, and from the analysis we obtain information such as perlocative pathways, breakdown voltage, and impedance of the overall system. Simulations for two-phase systems consisting of a dielectric matrix and randomly oriented nanofibers have shown that the concentration and the length of the fibers affect the properties. Increased concentrations or longer fibers both result in networks for which it is easier to establish conducting paths through breakdown mechanisms. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 C1 [Simoes, Ricardo; Silva, Jaime] Univ Minho, Inst Polymers & Composites IPC I3N, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Simoes, Ricardo] Polytech Inst Cavado & Ave, P-4750810 Barcelos, Portugal. [Silva, Jaime; Cadilhe, Antonio] Univ Minho, Ctr Phys, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Cadilhe, Antonio] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simoes, R (reprint author), Univ Minho, Inst Polymers & Composites IPC I3N, Campus Azurem, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. EM rsimoes@dep.uminho.pt RI Simoes, Ricardo/C-4120-2011; Silva, Jaime/B-5891-2009; Cadilhe, Antonio/G-1479-2016 OI Silva, Jaime/0000-0002-1520-0799; Cadilhe, Antonio/0000-0002-0252-6992 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-06-1-3009] FX Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-06-1-3009. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6440 J9 COMPOS INTERFACE JI Compos. Interfaces PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5-7 BP 407 EP 422 DI 10.1163/092764410X513431 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 660RV UT WOS:000282662500002 ER PT J AU Duan, XF Wei, J Burggraf, L Weeks, D AF Duan, Xiaofeng Wei, Jean Burggraf, Larry Weeks, David TI Mapping ground-state properties of silicon carbide molecular clusters using quantum mechanical calculations: SimCn and SimCn- (m, n <= 4) SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SiC; Clusters; Anions; Electronic structure; Quantum mechanics; Electron affinity; Vibration frequency; Binding energy ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CARBON CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ATOMS ALUMINUM; SI2C; FREQUENCIES AB Ground-state structures, energies and vibrations for stable neutral and anion SimCn isomers (m, n <= 4) were modeled using DFT and MP2 methods. Carbon-rich cluster molecules tend to form linear carbon sub-molecules or separate C-2 groups as part of larger 3-dimensional structures. All silicon-rich clusters are ground-state singlet states. Linear chain clusters containing an even number of atoms are ground-state triplets. In absence of large structural differences between neutral clusters and their anions the adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) and the vertical detachment energy (VDE) are approximately equal. For clusters having two or more isomers with energies close to global minimum, the anions adopt structures similar to one of the nearly degenerate isomers. The VDE is significantly larger than AEA for clusters having an even number of carbon atoms. This difference generally increases with increasing number of silicon atoms, due to differences in bonding between the neutral molecule and its anion. Mapping cluster stability shows that adding Si or C atoms increases the binding energy of the most stable isomers for all clusters with the exception of SiC3 and Si2C3, which are locally stable. A parameterized method is presented to quickly predict the stability of other SimCn cluster structures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Duan, Xiaofeng; Wei, Jean; Burggraf, Larry; Weeks, David] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burggraf, L (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lburggra@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research in an AFIT-AFOSR MOA program, through Dr. Michael Berman, AFOSR. We gratefully acknowledge informative conversations with Prof Mark Gordon, Iowa State University and Prof. Carl Lineberger, University of Colorado. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 630 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.09.006 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 551PR UT WOS:000274222000003 ER PT J AU Fagiana, AM Barnett, S Reddy, VS Milhoan, KA AF Fagiana, Angela M. Barnett, Shari Reddy, V. Sreenath Milhoan, Kirk A. TI Management of a Fetal Intrapericardial Teratoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature SO CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE LA English DT Review DE Pericardial; Teratoma; Fetal; Neonatal; Cardiac; Surgery ID PERICARDIAL TERATOMA; DIAGNOSIS AB Intrapericardial teratomas are rare but potentially fatal. With prenatal ultrasound, early diagnosis and decision for treatment can be accomplished. However, the decision becomes to treat prenatally vs. waiting until the neonatal period for definitive surgical management. The most common sequelae of intrapericardial teratomas are pericardial effusion and often progression to hydrops. It is these sequelae that tend to guide management. Presented here is a case report of the diagnosis and management of a twin fetus with an intrapericardial teratoma, as well as a review of the literature. C1 [Fagiana, Angela M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Milhoan, Kirk A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Barnett, Shari] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Reddy, V. Sreenath] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Thorac Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fagiana, AM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM angela.fagiana@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1747-079X J9 CONGENIT HEART DIS JI Congenit. Heart Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 748TY UT WOS:000289416600009 PM 20136858 ER PT S AU Heller, DK Fahrenholtz, WG Fair, GE O'Keefe, MJ AF Heller, Daimon K. Fahrenholtz, William G. Fair, Geoff E. O'Keefe, Matthew J. BE Hansen, DC Alfantazi, A Gelling, VJ TI Directly Deposited Cerium Phosphate Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Al 2024-T3 SO CORROSION (GENERAL) - 217TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion General Session held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Corros ID OXIDE CONVERSION COATINGS; WOVEN CERAMIC FIBERS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; POSTTREATMENT; RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGY; STRENGTH AB Cerium phosphate coatings were directly deposited onto Al 2024-T3 substrates by precipitation from aqueous solution containing cerium citrate and phosphoric acid. These coatings were characterized and compared to post-treated, cerium-based conversion coatings (CeCCs). Directly deposited CePO4 coatings exhibited corrosion current densities of 2-4 mu A/cm(2), compared to approximate to 0.45 mu A/cm(2) for CeCCs. Analysis revealed that directly deposited CePO4 coatings did not significantly impact the electrochemical properties of bare Al 2024-T3, an indication that deposition was independent of the local galvanic activity utilized to deposit CeCCs. After salt spray exposure, cross-sectional analyses showed that directly deposited coatings acted as a static barrier to corrosion, allowing the formation of pits at crack/substrate interfaces, which were not observed in similar regions of post-treated CeCCs. Instead, an interfacial reaction layer had formed at the CeCC/substrate interface, revealing that the CeCC exhibited an active response to the salt spray environment that influenced corrosion protection. C1 [Heller, Daimon K.; Fahrenholtz, William G.; O'Keefe, Matthew J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Fair, Geoff E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Heller, DK (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 FU SERDP [W912HQ-08-C-0008] FX The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Ming Zhang and Elizabeth Kulp at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. Assistance with TEM analysis by Randall Hay at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base was also appreciated. The authors also acknowledge the technical guidance and support of Bruce Sartwell at the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). This work was funded through SERDP under contract W912HQ-08-C-0008. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-200-4; 978-1-56677-850-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 24 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1149/1.3496432 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BEZ76 UT WOS:000318942600015 ER PT B AU Shields, A Fausett, MB AF Shields, Andrea Fausett, M. Bardett BE Belfort, MA Saade, G Foley, MR Phelan, JP Dildy, GA TI Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pregnancy SO CRITICAL CARE OBSTETRICS, 5TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; PERIMORTEM CESAREAN DELIVERY; TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; PROLONGED CARDIAC-ARREST; AMNIOTIC-FLUID EMBOLISM; HIGH-DOSE EPINEPHRINE; MATERNAL BRAIN-DEATH; UNITED-STATES; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; ASSUMPTIONS CORRECT C1 [Shields, Andrea] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Antenatal Diagnost Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fausett, M. Bardett] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Fausett, M. Bardett] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shields, A (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Antenatal Diagnost Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-1679-7; 978-1-4051-5273-0 PY 2010 BP 93 EP 107 D2 10.1002/9781444316780 PG 15 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA BA6BQ UT WOS:000337090200007 ER PT S AU Butts, J Rice, M Shenoi, S AF Butts, Jonathanbutts Rice, Mason Shenoi, Sujeet BE Moore, T Shenoi, S TI MODELING CONTROL SYSTEM FAILURES AND ATTACKS - THE WATERLOO CAMPAIGN TO OIL PIPELINES SO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IV SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IFIP Working Group 11 10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection CY MAR 15-17, 2010 CL Natl Defense Univ, Washington, DC HO Natl Defense Univ DE Control systems; failure modeling; attack modeling AB This paper presents a model for expressing control system failures and attacks on control protocols that involve the exchange of messages. Control failures and attacks are modeled using the notion of an attacker who can block and/or fabricate messages. These two attack mechanisms can cover a variety of scenarios ranging from control failures in the Waterloo Campaign to cyber attacks on oil pipelines. The model helps provide a comprehensive understanding of control system failures and attacks, which supports the development of strategies for attack as well as defense. C1 [Butts, Jonathanbutts] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rice, Mason] Univ Tulsa, Res Network & Telecommun Secur, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Shenoi, Sujeet] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Butts, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-16805-5 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2010 VL 342 BP 43 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BZV90 UT WOS:000303102400004 ER PT B AU Murdock, AD Jenkins, DH AF Murdock, Alan D. Jenkins, Donald H. BE Pape, HC Peitzman, AB Schwab, CW Giannoudis, PV TI Mass Casualties: Military and Civilian A Militarry Perspective SO DAMAGE CONTROL MANAGEMENT IN THE POLYTRAUMA PATIENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; DAMAGE CONTROL; SURGICAL EXPERIENCE; EMERGENCY-MEDICINE; TRAUMA; TRIAGE; INJURY; WAR; RESUSCITATION; TRANSFUSION C1 [Murdock, Alan D.; Jenkins, Donald H.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jenkins, DH (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59MDW-MCSG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM donald.jenkins@lackland.af.mil NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-89507-9 PY 2010 BP 367 EP 385 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89508-6_21 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89508-6 PG 19 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BML47 UT WOS:000272729900023 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, G Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Parthasarathy, TA Davis, J AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. Boakye, E. E. Mogilevsky, P. Parthasarathy, T. A. Davis, J. BE Singh, D Zhu, DM Zhou, M TI SOFTENING OF RARE EARTH ORTHOPHOSPHATES BY TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY: POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS TO FIBER-MATRIX INTERPHASES IN CERAMIC COMPOSITES SO DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND APPLICATIONS OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Ceram Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; MONAZITE COATINGS; OXIDE COMPOSITES; COATED-FIBER; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; HEAT-CAPACITY; STRENGTH; SILICON AB Rare-earth orthophosphate interphases made from nanoparticle precursors have been successfully demonstrated for dense matrix oxide-oxide CMCs. For these interphases the major concern is high fiber pull-out stresses, typically similar to 80 - 200 MPa. Plastic deformation mechanisms in a 10 - 100 nm thick zone of rare-earth orthophosphate adjacent to the fiber govern pullout friction. For lower fiber pull-out stresses, rare-earth orthophosphates and vanadates that soften by transformation plasticity during the martensitic xenotime --> monazite phase transformation were investigated. Predictive methods developed for prediction of deformation twinning in orthophosphates were extended to transformation plasticity. Nano-indentation testing was used to develop and test materials suitable for transformation plasticity weakened fiber coatings. Transformation plasticity significantly softens TbPO4 and (Gd,Dy)PO4 solid-solutions in the xenotime phase. Transformed regions were characterized by TEM; some evidence suggests that the phase transformation may reverse with time. Preliminary attempts to coat single-crystal alumina fibers with these materials were made. The potential to tailor fiber-matrix interphase friction in CMCs is discussed. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-88936-7 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 215 BP 87 EP + PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BTM12 UT WOS:000287268800009 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, G Urban, E Morrow, J Somerson, J Wilson, M AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. Urban, E. Morrow, J. Somerson, J. Wilson, M. BE Singh, D Zhu, DM Zhou, M TI OXIDATION KINETICS AND STRENGTH VERSUS SCALE THICKNESS FOR HI-NICALON (TM)-S SiC FIBER SO DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND APPLICATIONS OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE FIBERS; WATER-VAPOR; HI-NICALON; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; PASSIVE OXIDATION; TENSILE-STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; POLYCARBOSILANE; PRESSURE AB The strength of Hi-Nicalon (TM)-S SiC fibers was measured after oxidation in dry air between 800 degrees and 1200 degrees C. Fiber strength increases by approximately 10% for scale thickness up to 100 nm, and decreases for thicker scales. Weibull modulus had no systematic variation with either fiber strength or SiO2 scale thickness. The fiber strength increase is about the same as the calculated thermal residual compressive stress in the SiO2 scale. Surface flaw healing may also be important. The strength decrease may be associated with stress concentrations in the scale caused by crystallization to alpha-cristobalite. Ceramic matrix composites made with SiC fibers with thin SiO2 scales may benefit from the increased strength, improved resistance to fiber strength degradation associated with active oxidation, and better environmental stability in combustion environments. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-88936-7 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 215 BP 105 EP + PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BTM12 UT WOS:000287268800011 ER PT B AU Leishman, RC Chase, KW AF Leishman, Robert C. Chase, Kenneth W. GP ASME TI RACK AND PINION STEERING LINKAGE SYNTHESIS USING AN ADAPTED FREUDENSTEIN APPROACH SO DETC2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES/COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div ID DESIGN AB Rack and pinion steering systems have been synthesized and designed for many automotive applications. A steering system must be optimized for best steering characteristics to reduce tire wear and to assure safety and stability Unfortunately, each design is slightly different because of differing car parameters and different space constraints. Designers need a tool that can quickly provide optimally synthesized steering systems. A precise and efficient method has been developed to assist designers in finding an optimum planar mechanism design for rack and pinion steering systems. It can be used to design central take-off or side take-off steering systems that are in a leading or trailing configuration. This method combines a modified Freudenstem equation with numerical optimization. Because of the combination of methods, an optimized solution may be found quickly Thus. the tool is well adapted for preliminary designs and for design iteration. C1 [Leishman, Robert C.] CBSS GBLB, Hill Afb, UT 84056 USA. RP Leishman, RC (reprint author), CBSS GBLB, USAF 506th, Hill Afb, UT 84056 USA. EM rleish@gmail.com; chasek@byu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4903-3 PY 2010 BP 849 EP 856 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRO61 UT WOS:000283272400107 ER PT S AU Cowan, VM Morath, CP Swift, SM LeVan, PD Myers, S Plis, E Krishna, S AF Cowan, Vincent M. Morath, Christian P. Swift, Seth M. LeVan, Paul D. Myers, Steven Plis, Elena Krishna, Sanjay BE Dereniak, EL Hartke, JP LeVan, PD Longshore, RE Sood, AK Razeghi, M Sudharsanam, R TI Electrical and Optical Characterization of InAs/GaSb-based nBn IR Detector SO DETECTORS AND IMAGING DEVICES: INFRARED, FOCAL PLANE, SINGLE PHOTON SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detectors and Imaging Devices - Infrared, Focal Plane, Single Photon CY AUG 04-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nBn; SLS; InAs/GaSb; IR; detector; superlattice; diffusion; Infrared AB Over the last several years the development of type-II Strained Layer Superlattice (SLS) infrared photodetectors has yielded devices that may offer plausible alternative technology to conventional mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-based photodetectors. Prevailing theory predicts that SLS-based detector technologies will have several potential advantages over MCT technologies, including lower dark currents and higher operating temperatures. However, experimentally it has been found that conventional p-on-n and n-on-p SLS detectors have high dark current and thus, do not reach theoretically predicted performance benchmarks. The two prevailing contributors to this high dark current are the generation-recombination (GR) current and surface leakage currents, the latter resulting from the mesa sidewall exposure. A recently emerging technology that utilizes a uni-polar barrier design nBn has been shown to reduce dark current, while keeping the inherent advantages of SLS. Specific advantages of SLS over MCT include wavelength tunability, improved uniformity, and operability potentially at a reduced manufacturing cost. This report presents some recent experimental findings for the electrical and optical response of an nBn detector composed of an InAs/GaSb SLS absorber (n) and contacts (n) with an AlGaSb barrier (B). Results include the intrinsic determination of the diffusion current, and the GR current for the nBn device. Also presented is the optical response of the InAs/GaSb nBn detector at 77K over a broad range of operating biases. Dark current measurements over the 10K-300K temperature range were undertaken to extract the activation energies in the heterostructure. C1 [Cowan, Vincent M.; Morath, Christian P.; Swift, Seth M.; LeVan, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cowan, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vincent.cowan@kirtland.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8276-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7780 AR 778006 DI 10.1117/12.862547 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTS05 UT WOS:000287928300004 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI Performance-Information Analysis and Distributed Feedback Stabilization in Large-Scale Interconnected Systems SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Large-scale interconnected systems are characterized as large and complex systems divided into several smaller autonomous systems that have certain autonomy in local optimization and decision-making. As an example, a class of interconnected linear stochastic systems, where no constituent systems need to have global information and distributed decision making enables autonomous systems to dynamically reconfigure risk-value aware performance indices for uncertain environmental conditions, is considered in the subject research. Among the many challenges in distributed and intelligent control of interconnected autonomous systems is performance uncertainty analysis and decentralized feedback stabilization. The theme of the proposed research is the interplay between performance-information dynamics and decentralized feedback stabilization, both providing the foundations for distributed and autonomous decision making. First, recent work by the author in which performance information availability was used to assess limits of achievable performance will be extended to give insight into how different aggregation structures and probabilistic knowledge of random decision processes between networks of autonomous systems are exploited to derive a distributed computation of complete distributions of performance for interconnected autonomous systems. Second, the resulting information statistics on performance of interconnected autonomous systems will be leveraged in the design of decentralized output-feedback stabilization, thus enabling distributed autonomous systems to operate resiliently in uncertain environments with performance guarantees that are now more robust than the traditional performance average. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 45 EP 81 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_3 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300003 ER PT S AU DeLima, P Zarzhitsky, D Pack, D AF DeLima, Pedro Zarzhitsky, Dimitri Pack, Daniel BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI Decentralized Cooperative Control of Autonomous Surface Vehicles SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES; MOBILE TARGETS AB Many pressing issues associated with control of cooperative intelligent systems involve challenges that arise from the difficulty of coordinating multiple task objectives in highly dynamic, unstructured environments. This chapter presents a multi-objective cooperative control methodology for a team of autonomous surface vehicles deployed with the purpose of protecting a waterway against hostile intruders. The methodology captures the intent of a human commander by breaking down high-level mission objectives into specific task assignments for a fleet of autonomous boats with a suite of on-board sensors, limited processing units, and short-range communication capabilities. The fundamental technologies supporting our control method have already been field-tested oil a team of autonomous aerial vehicles, and the aim of this work is to extend the previously developed theories to multiple problem domains using heterogeneous vehicle platforms. C1 [DeLima, Pedro; Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP DeLima, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM pedro.lima@usafa.edu; dimitri.zarzhitsky@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 257 EP 273 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_13 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300013 ER PT S AU Geng, XJ Jeffcoat, D AF Geng, Xiaojun Jeffcoat, David BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI A Connectivity Reduction Strategy for Multi-agent Systems SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSENSUS; COORDINATION; DIGRAPH; GRAPH AB This paper considers the connectivity reduction of multi-agent systems which are represented with directed graphs. A simple distributed algorithm is presented for each agent to independently remove some of its incoming links based on only the local information of its neighbors. The algorithm results in an information graph with sparser connections. The goal is to reduce computational effort associated with communication while still maintaining overall system performance. The main contribution of this paper is a distributed algorithm that can, under certain conditions, find and remove redundant edges in a directed graph using only local information. C1 [Geng, Xiaojun] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Jeffcoat, David] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Geng, XJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM xjgeng@csun.edu; david.jeffcoat@eglin.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_14 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300014 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Mutlu, G AF Pachter, Meir Mutlu, Guener BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI The Navigation Potential of Ground Feature Tracking SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Navigation System aiding using bearing measurements of stationary ground features is investigated. The objective is to quantify the navigation information obtained by tracking ground features over time. The answer is provided by an analysis of the attendant observability problem. The degree of Inertial Navigation System aiding action is determined by the degree of observability provided by the measurement arrangement. The latter is strongly influenced by the nature of the available measurements in our case, bearing measurements of stationary ground objects the trajectory of the aircraft, and the length of the measurement interval. It is shown that when one known ground object is tracked, the observability Grammian is rank deficient and thus full Inertial Navigation System aiding action is not available. However, if baro altitude is available and an additional vertical gyroscope is used to provide an independent measurement of the aircraft's pitch angle, a data driven estimate of the complete navigation state can be obtained. If two ground features are simultaneously tracked the observability Grammian is full rank and all the components of the navigation state vector are positively impacted by the external measurements. C1 [Pachter, Meir; Mutlu, Guener] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachet@afit.edu; guner.mutlu.tr@afit.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 287 EP 303 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_15 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300015 ER PT S AU Gans, NR Curtis, JW AF Gans, Nicholas R. Curtis, Jess W. BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI A Moving Horizon Estimator Performance Bound SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STATE ESTIMATION; SYSTEMS; FILTER AB Moving Horizon implementations of the Kalman Filter are widely used to overcome weaknesses of the Kalman Filter, or in problems when the Kalman Filter is not suitable. While these moving horizon approaches often perform well, it is of interest to encapsulate the loss in performance that comes when terms in the Kalman Filter are ignored. This paper introduces two methods to calculate a worst case performance bound on a Moving Horizon Kalman Filter. C1 [Gans, Nicholas R.] CNR, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Gans, Nicholas R.; Curtis, Jess W.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Gans, NR (reprint author), CNR, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM ngans@ufl.edu; jess.curtis@eglin.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_17 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300017 ER PT S AU Krokhmal, P Murphey, R Pardalos, PM Yu, ZH AF Krokhmal, Pavlo Murphey, Robert Pardalos, Panos M. Yu, Zhaohan BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI A p-norm Discrimination Model for Two Linearly Inseparable Sets SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERIOR-POINT METHODS; 2ND-ORDER CONE; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB We propose a new p-norm linear discrimination model that generalizes the model of Bennett and Mangasarian (Optim. Methods Softw. 1:23-34, 1992) and reduces to linear programming problems with p-order conic constraints. We demonstrate that the developed model possesses excellent methodological and computational properties (e.g., it does not allow for a null separating hyperplane when the sets are linearly separable, etc.). The presented approach for handling linear programming problems with p-order conic constraints relies on construction of polyhedral approximations for p-order cones. A case study on several popular data sets that illustrates the advantages of the developed model is conducted. C1 [Krokhmal, Pavlo; Yu, Zhaohan] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Pardalos, Panos M.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Murphey, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Krokhmal, P (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM krokhmal@engineering.uiowa.edu; robert.murphey@eglin.af.mil; pardalos@ufl.edu; zhaohan-yu@uiowa.edu; pardalos@ufl.edu; robert.murphey@eglin.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 335 EP 352 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_18 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300018 ER PT J AU Eswaran, M Munichandraiah, N Scanlon, LG AF Eswaran, M. Munichandraiah, N. Scanlon, L. G. TI High Capacity Li-O-2 Cell and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE BATTERY; AIR; O-2; CATALYST AB Investigations on Li-air cell have gained great interest in recent years. In the present work, Li-O-2 cells are fabricated with dual layer carbon electrodes consisting of an active layer and a diffusion layer employing a high surface area carbon. Discharge capacity measured at a current density of 0.18 mA cm(-2) is as high as 3100 mAh g(-1), which corresponds to 34 mAh cm(-2). Impedance spectra recorded during different stages of cell discharge suggest that the cell resistances increase gradually due to accumulation of reaction products of O-2 reduction, namely, Li2O2 and Li2O inside the pores of carbon electrode. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3447867] All rights reserved. C1 [Eswaran, M.; Munichandraiah, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Scanlon, L. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electchem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Munichandraiah, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the U.S. Air Force [FA4869-07-1-4090] FX The authors thank the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) of the U.S. Air Force for their financial support vide contract no. FA4869-07-1-4090 and Dr. R. Ponnappan of AOARD for his keen interest in this work. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 9 BP A121 EP A124 DI 10.1149/1.3447867 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 624HA UT WOS:000279806700001 ER PT S AU Blodgett, M Abu-Nabah, B Hassan, W Nagy, PB AF Blodgett, Mark Abu-Nabah, Bassam Hassan, Waled Nagy, Peter B. BE Knopp, J Blodgett, M Wincheski, B Bowler, N TI On the Limitations of Eddy Current Residual Stress Profiling in Precipitation-Hardened Nickel-Base Superalloys SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XIII) SE Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (ENDE) CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH DE eddy current; conductivity spectroscopy; residual stress ID CURRENT CONDUCTIVITY SPECTROSCOPY; SHOT-PEENED METALS; SURFACE; TOOL AB Recent research results indicated that eddy current conductivity measurements might be exploited for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in surface-treated nickel-base superalloy components. This paper presents new results that indicate that in some popular nickel-base superalloys the relationship between the electric conductivity profile and the sought residual stress profile is more tenuous than previously thought. It is shown that in IN718 the relationship is very sensitive to the state of precipitation hardening and, if left uncorrected, could render the eddy current technique unsuitable for residual stress profiling in components of 36 HRC or harder, i.e., in most critical engine applications. The presented experimental results show that the observed dramatic change in the eddy current response of hardened IN718 to surface treatment is caused by very fine nanometer-scale features of the microstructure, such as gamma' and gamma '' precipitates, rather than micrometer-scale features, such as changing grain size or carbide precipitates. C1 [Blodgett, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abu-Nabah, Bassam] Gen Elect Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. [Hassan, Waled] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46241 USA. [Nagy, Peter B.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Nagy, PB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM peter.nagy@uc.edu RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-60750-554-9; 978-1-60750-553-2 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2010 VL 33 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-554-9-95 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BC2EO UT WOS:000350805100012 ER PT S AU Parthasarathy, TA Boone, S Rao, SI Wang, P Nagy, P Blodgett, M AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Boone, Sonya Rao, Satish I. Wang, Ping Nagy, Peter Blodgett, Mark BE Knopp, J Blodgett, M Wincheski, B Bowler, N TI Investigation of Microstructural Effects on Electrical Resistivity and their Implications for Eddy Current Methods in Measuring Residual Stresses in IN718 SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XIII) SE Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (ENDE) CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH DE Metallurgical factors; eddy current; electrical conductivity; IN718 ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS; INCONEL 718 AB The various metallurgical sources that influence electrical conductivity were identified and analyzed using literature data. Systematic experiments were conducted to understand the effects of manufacturing heat treatment on the metallurgical variables and the attendant effects on conductivity measured using eddy current technique. The data was used to generate a calibrated model that captures the effects of metallurgical changes on electrical conductivity. C1 [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Boone, Sonya; Rao, Satish I.; Wang, Ping] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Nagy, Peter] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Blodgett, Mark] US Air Force Acad, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb..af.mil RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-60750-554-9; 978-1-60750-553-2 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2010 VL 33 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-554-9-165 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BC2EO UT WOS:000350805100020 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. Blodgett, Mark P. BE Knopp, J Blodgett, M Wincheski, B Bowler, N TI Model-based Image Processing in Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluation SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XIII) SE Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (ENDE) CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH DE cracks; eddy current; image processing; inverse method; modeling ID CURRENT INSPECTION; DEFECT DETECTION AB To improve the ability of eddy current nondestructive evaluation to characterize fatigue cracks in multilayer structures, a model-based image processing approach is presented that fits models based on first-principles to image data. Model refinements are presented that address edge responses, error associated with adjacent holes and poor hole centering due to cracks. Using this approach, improvements are demonstrated in the visual presentation of image data for crack detection and the potential for characterization. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-60750-554-9; 978-1-60750-553-2 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2010 VL 33 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-554-9-254 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BC2EO UT WOS:000350805100031 ER PT J AU Rothwell, EJ Havrilla, MJ Dorey, S AF Rothwell, E. J. Havrilla, M. J. Dorey, Sean TI An Improved Physical Optics Formulation for Scattering by a Thin Resistive Strip SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; resistive strips; physical optics; approximate solutions; radar cross-section ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; PATTERNS AB A closed-form approximation for the current induced on a thin resistive strip by an incident plane wave is presented. The formula provides a significant improvement in accuracy over the traditional physical optics approximation. A closed-form result for the radar cross-section is also derived for the case of uniform surface resistance. A comparison is given to the standard physical optics approximation, to the results found by solving integral equations, and to the experiment. Finally, efficient methods are provided for computing the special functions appearing in the closed-form approximation. C1 [Rothwell, E. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Havrilla, M. J.; Dorey, Sean] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rothwell, EJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rothwell@egr.msu.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 403 EP 418 AR PII 923449382 DI 10.1080/02726343.2010.483372 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 618CN UT WOS:000279329100001 ER PT S AU Dudis, DS Ferguson, JB Check, M Schmidt, JE Kemp, ER Robbins, T Shumaker, JA Chen, CG Seibeil, HA AF Dudis, Douglas S. Ferguson, John B. Check, Michael Schmidt, Joel E. Kemp, Evan R. Robbins, Thomas Shumaker, Joseph A. Chen, Chenggang Seibeil, Harry A., II BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, AK TI Multidimensional nanoscopic approaches to new thermoelectric materials SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE thermoelectric; thermal conductivity; phthalocyanine; thermal conductivity; one dimensional; energy harvesting ID PHTHALOCYANINE; NANOWIRES AB The advantages of thermoelectric energy conversion technologies are briefly summarized. Recent material advances are discussed, with the focus on one-dimensional (1-D) self-assembled molecular materials as building blocks for new thermoelectric materials. The preparation, doping, and thermal characterization of phthalocyanine based materials are presented. The thermal conductivity of the doped material is lower than the undoped material even though the electrical conductivity of the doped material is orders of magnitude higher than the undoped material. This is counter intuitive against the backdrop of the Wiedemann-Franz treatment of thermal conductivity in electrical conductors from which one would expect thermal and electrical conductivity to both increase with introduction of additional charge carriers. These unusual results can be understood as a competition between the generation of an increased number of charge carriers and enhanced phonon scattering resulting from the introduction of chemical dopants. The thermal conductivity of the undoped phthalocyanines has been found to be small and only modestly temperature dependent in the 50-300 C range, but it is larger than a previous, indirect measurement. C1 [Dudis, Douglas S.; Ferguson, John B.; Check, Michael; Schmidt, Joel E.; Kemp, Evan R.; Robbins, Thomas] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXBT, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dudis, DS (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXBT, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Schmidt, Joel/0000-0002-0039-2863 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8147-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7683 AR 76830S DI 10.1117/12.852182 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BSS20 UT WOS:000285621700013 ER PT S AU Redfield, RC AF Redfield, Robin C. BE Sabo, A Kafka, P Litzenberger, S Sabo, C TI Thermal modeling in mountain bike air shocks SO ENGINEERING OF SPORT 8: ENGINEERING EMOTION - 8TH CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPORTS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION (ISEA) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the International-Sports-Engineering-Association (ISEA) CY JUL 12-16, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Sports Engn Assoc DE Mountain biking; shocks; suspension; thermal modeling AB The demands on mountain bike (MTB) components continue to grow as the sport matures. Components are driven toward increased functionality, reliability, and weight savings. In the arena of mountain bike rear shocks, air shocks lead the way in both weight savings and user adjustment over their coil spring counterparts. Not only do air shocks allow multiple controls over both compression and rebound damping but they also allow easy control for rider sag, adjusting for varied sized riders and rider suspension travel preferences. They do so with significant weight saving over coil spring competitors. A downside to air shocks over coil are the thermal issues surrounding housing an air spring concentric with the shock damping mechanism as well as the seal-friction issues associated with containing the air. The continual compressing of the air and the air seal friction are thermal dynamics that coil shocks do not experience. Also, the insulation of the damper mechanism by the air spring constrains more heat in the air shock. The net result of these thermal complexities is that air shocks typically get much hotter than coil shocks and as such cannot easily be used in continual high load riding scenarios such as downhill racing and long distance downhill riding. This paper examines some of these issues by developing a mountain bike rear air shock model incorporating air spring and frictional thermal effects. Heat is generated by compression and friction, stored in material and air thermal capacitances, and transferred between system elements and eventually to atmosphere. Damper energy generation effects are ignored in this paper and saved for a future study. The effects of shock design on thermal time constants and maximum temperatures are evaluated. Certain model predictions are compared to laboratory data. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Redfield, RC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rob.redfield@usafa.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 2625 EP 2630 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.042 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Sport Sciences GA BQU98 UT WOS:000281908000041 ER PT S AU Shortell, SM McCurdy, RK AF Shortell, Stephen M. McCurdy, Rodney K. BE Rouse, WB Cortese, DA TI Integrated health systems SO ENGINEERING THE SYSTEM OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; PAY-FOR-PERFORMANCE; PHYSICIAN-ORGANIZATIONS; INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; MEDICAL GROUPS; DIABETES CARE; KAISER-PERMANENTE; CHRONIC ILLNESS; MANAGED CARE; ADOPTION AB Before meaningful gains in improving the value of health care in the US can be achieved, the fragmented nature in which health care is financed and delivered must be addressed. One type of healthcare organization, the Integrated Delivery System (IDS), is poised to play a pivotal role in reform efforts. What are these systems? What is the current evidence regarding their performance? What are the current barriers to their establishment and how can these barriers be removed? This chapter addresses these important questions. Although there are many types of IDS' in the US healthcare landscape, the chapter begins by identifying the necessary healthcare components that encompass an IDS and discusses the levels of integration that are important to improving health care quality and value. Next, it explores the recent evidence regarding IDS performance which, while generally positive, is less than what it could be if there were greater focus on clinical integration. To highlight, the chapter discusses the efficacy of system engineering initiatives in two examples of large, fully integrated systems: Kaiser-Permanente and the Veterans Health Administration. The evidence here is strong that the impact of system engineering methods is enhanced through the integration of processes, goals and outcomes. Reforms necessary to encourage the development of IDS' include: 1) the development of payment mechanisms designed to increase greater inter-dependency of hospitals and physicians; 2) the modification or removal of several regulatory barriers to greater clinical integration; and 3) the establishment of a more robust data collection and reporting system to increase transparency and accountability. The chapter concludes with a framework for considering these reforms across strategic, structural, cultural, and technical dimensions. C1 [Shortell, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shortell, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Hlth Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shortell, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Org Behav, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shortell, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Haas Sch Business, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shortell, Stephen M.] Ctr Adv Study Behav Sci Stanford, Stanford, CA USA. [McCurdy, Rodney K.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McCurdy, Rodney K.] Amer Coll Hlth Care Execut, New York, NY USA. RP Shortell, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shortell@berkeley.edu NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-60750-533-4; 978-1-60750-532-7 J9 STUD HEALTH TECHNOL PY 2010 VL 153 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-533-4-369 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BC2MQ UT WOS:000351085000021 PM 20543254 ER PT J AU Taitano, YP Geier, BA Bauer, KW AF Taitano, Yuri P. Geier, Brian A. Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr. TI A Locally Adaptable Iterative RX Detector SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; ANOMALY DETECTION; TARGET DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION AB We present an unsupervised anomaly detection method for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) based on data characteristics inherit in HSI. A locally adaptive technique of iteratively refining the well-known RX detector (LAIRX) is developed. The technique is motivated by the need for better first- and second-order statistic estimation via avoidance of anomaly presence. Overall, experiments show favorable Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves when compared to a global anomaly detector based upon the Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) algorithm, the conventional RX detector, and decomposed versions of the LAIRX detector. Furthermore, the utilization of parallel and distributed processing allows fast processing time making LAIRX applicable in an operational setting. C1 [Taitano, Yuri P.; Geier, Brian A.; Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bauer, KW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.bauer@afit.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 341908 DI 10.1155/2010/341908 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 637AZ UT WOS:000280787900001 ER PT J AU Liang, J Liang, QL Samn, SW AF Liang, Jing Liang, Qilian Samn, Sherwood W. TI A Propagation Environment Modeling in Foliage SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED SEA CLUTTER; BACKSCATTER; PREDICTION AB Foliage clutter, which can be very large and mask targets in backscattered signals, is a crucial factor that degrades the performance of target detection, tracking, and recognition. Previous literature has intensively investigated land clutter and sea clutter, whereas foliage clutter is still an open-research area. In this paper, we propose that foliage clutter should be more accurately described by a log-logistic model. On a basis of pragmatic data collected by ultra-wideband (UWB) radars, we analyze two different datasets by means of maximum likelihood (ML) parameter estimation as well as the root mean square error (RMSE) performance. We not only investigate log-logistic model, but also compare it with other popular clutter models, namely, log-normal, Weibull, and Nakagami. It shows that the log-logistic model achieves the smallest standard deviation (STD) error in parameter estimation, as well as the best goodness-of-fit and smallest RMSE for both poor and good foliage clutter signals. C1 [Liang, Jing; Liang, Qilian] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Samn, Sherwood W.] USAF, Res Lab, HEX, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Liang, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jliang@wcn.uta.edu RI Liang, Jing/P-7093-2015 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0395, 00014-07-1-1024]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0721515, CNS-0831902, CCF-0956438, CNS-0964713] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-07-1-0395 and Grant 00014-07-1-1024 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CNS-0721515, Grant CNS-0831902, Grant CCF-0956438, and Grant CNS-0964713. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2010 AR 873070 DI 10.1155/2010/873070 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 599OO UT WOS:000277923200001 ER PT J AU Liang, QL Cheng, XZ Huang, SCH Samn, S Wang, LM Zhou, Z AF Liang, Qilian Cheng, Xiuzhen Huang, Scott. C. -H. Samn, SherwoodW. Wang, Lingming Zhou, Zheng TI Radar and Sonar Sensor Networks SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Liang, Qilian] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Cheng, Xiuzhen] George Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Huang, Scott. C. -H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Samn, SherwoodW.] USAF, Res Lab, RHX, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Wang, Lingming] iBiqu Digital Corp, Core Software Dept, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 USA. [Zhou, Zheng] Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Informat & Telecommun, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China. RP Liang, QL (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM liang@uta.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2010 AR 948604 DI 10.1155/2010/948604 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 698UA UT WOS:000285617500001 ER PT S AU Mendoza-Schrock, O Patrick, J Arnold, G Ferrara, M AF Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Patrick, James Arnold, Gregory Ferrara, Matthew BE ODonnell, TH Blowers, M Priddy, KL TI Applying Manifold Learning Techniques to the CAESAR Database SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Manifold Learning; Diffusion Maps; Gender Classification; CAESAR database ID DIFFUSION MAPS AB Understanding and organizing data is the first step toward exploiting sensor phenomenology for dismount tracking. What image features are good for distinguishing people and what measurements, or combination of measurements, can be used to classify the dataset by demographics including gender, age, and race? A particular technique, Diffusion Maps, has demonstrated the potential to extract features that intuitively make sense [1]. We want to develop an understanding of this tool by validating existing results on the Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR) database. This database, provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Human Effectiveness Directorate and SAE International, is a rich dataset which includes 40 traditional, anthropometric measurements of 4400 human subjects. If we could specifically measure the defining features for classification, from this database, then the future question will then be to determine a subset of these features that can be measured from imagery. This paper briefly describes the Diffusion Map technique, shows potential for dimension reduction of the CAESAR database, and describes interesting problems to be further explored. C1 [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Patrick, James; Ferrara, Matthew] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mendoza-Schrock, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8168-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7704 AR 77040O DI 10.1117/12.851722 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSS73 UT WOS:000285715400020 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK Gates, M Barber, C Goodwin, T Selmic, R Ordonez, R Sekman, A Malkani, M AF Mitra, Atindra K. Gates, Miguel Barber, Chris Goodwin, Thomas Selmic, Rastko Ordonez, Raul Sekman, Ali Malkani, Mohan BE ODonnell, TH Blowers, M Priddy, KL TI Sensor Agnostics for Networked MAV Applications SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Wireless Sensor Network (WSN); Micro Air Vehicles (MAV); Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV); Layered Sensing; Radio Frequency Sensor Technology; Position-Adaptive Sensors AB A number of potential advantages associated with a new concept denoted as Sensor Agnostic Networks are discussed. For this particular paper, the primary focus is on integrated wireless networks that contain one or more MAVs (Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). The development and presentation includes several approaches to analysis and design of Sensor Agnostic Networks based on the assumption of canonically structured architectures that are comprised of low-cost wireless sensor node technologies. A logical development is provided that motivates the potential adaptation of distributed low-cost sensor networks that leverage state-of-the-art wireless technologies and are specifically designed with pre-determined hooks, or facets, in-place that allow for quick and efficient sensor swaps between cost-low RF Sensors, EO Sensors, and Chem/Bio Sensors. All of the sample design synthesis procedures provided within this paper conform to the structural low-cost electronic wireless network architectural constraints adopted for our new approach to generalized sensing applications via the conscious integration of Sensor Agnostic capabilities. C1 [Mitra, Atindra K.] USAF, Res Lab, RYRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RYRR, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8168-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7704 AR 77040R DI 10.1117/12.850379 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSS73 UT WOS:000285715400023 ER PT S AU Southall, HL O'Donnell, TH Derov, JS AF Southall, Hugh L. O'Donnell, Terry H. Derov, John S. BE ODonnell, TH Blowers, M Priddy, KL TI Optimum Design of Antennas Using Metamaterials with the Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) Algorithm SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Efficient global optimization (EGO); computational electromagnetics (CEM); evolutionary computation; antenna design optimization; design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE); metamaterials; folded triangular bowtie antenna (FTBA) element; wideband antenna elements; low profile antennas ID WIDE-BAND AB EGO is an evolutionary, data-adaptive algorithm which can be useful for optimization problems with expensive cost functions. Many antenna design problems qualify since complex computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulations can take significant resources. This makes evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms (GA) or particle swarm optimization (PSO) problematic since iterations of large populations are required. In this paper we discuss multi-parameter optimization of a wideband, single-element antenna over a metamaterial ground plane and the interfacing of EGO (optimization) with a full-wave CEM simulation (cost function evaluation). C1 [Southall, Hugh L.; O'Donnell, Terry H.; Derov, John S.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Southall, HL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8168-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7704 AR 770408 DI 10.1117/12.851794 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSS73 UT WOS:000285715400006 ER PT S AU Spina, J Hunt, N Bilinski, M AF Spina, John Hunt, Neil Bilinski, Michael BE ODonnell, TH Blowers, M Priddy, KL TI Sender Independent Delivery in a Secure Wireless Platform SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Although more information than ever before is available to support the knowledge discovery and decision making processes, the vast proliferation of types of data, devices, and protocols makes it increasingly difficult to ensure that the right information is received by the right people at the right time. It becomes even more challenging when the information has security classifications that need to be processed as well. This paper investigates methods and procedures for handling and disseminating information to users and groups of users that possess varying constraints, including security classifications. The cross-domain implications are critical in that certain users must only be allowed access to information that meets their clearance level and need-to-know. The ability to securely manage and deliver critical knowledge and actionable intelligence to the decision maker regardless of device configuration (bandwidth, processing speed, etc.), classification level or location in a reliable manner, would provide anytime access to useable information. There are several important components to an intuitive system that can provide timely information in a receiver-preferred manner. Besides the ability to format information to accommodate the user's device and profiles, it's very important to address multi-level security, which could provide ability to properly send classified information across different domains, thus enabling faster dissemination of time critical information. One factor that may simplify this process is the information provider's disregard for the recipient's device limitations. The system that provides or "proxies" the transfer of information should handle the presentation to the receiver. These topics will be the main theme of this paper. C1 [Spina, John] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spina, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8168-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7704 AR 770402 DI 10.1117/12.850218 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSS73 UT WOS:000285715400001 ER PT S AU Van Hook, RL Layne, J Kondrath, AS AF Van Hook, Richard L. Layne, Jeffery Kondrath, Andrew S. BE ODonnell, TH Blowers, M Priddy, KL TI Contrast Equalization Methods for Layered-Sensing Systems SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE contrast equalization; contrast balance; layered-sensing; CLIF; mosaicing ID HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION; ENHANCEMENT AB Layered sensing is a relatively new construct in the repertoire of the US Air Force. Under the layered sensing paradigm, an area is surveyed by a multitude of sensors at varying altitudes, and operating across many modalities. One of the recent pushes is to incorporate multi-sensor systems and create from them a single image. However, if the sensor parameters are not properly adjusted, the contrast amongst the images from camera to camera will vary greatly. This can create issues when performing tracking and analysis work. The contribution of this paper is to explore and provide an evaluation of various techniques for histogram equalization of Electro-Optical (EO) video sequences whose views are centered on a city. In this paper, the performance of several methods on histogram equalization are evaluated under the layered sensing construction. C1 [Van Hook, Richard L.; Kondrath, Andrew S.] WPAFB, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Hook, RL (reprint author), WPAFB, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8168-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7704 AR 77040Q DI 10.1117/12.851511 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSS73 UT WOS:000285715400022 ER PT S AU Przybyla, CP McDowell, DL AF Przybyla, Craig P. McDowell, David L. BE Lukas, P TI Simulation-based extreme value marked correlations in fatigue of advanced engineering alloys SO FATIGUE 2010 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Fatigue Conference CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE metal fatigue; extreme value statistics; marked correlation functions; microstructure-sensitive design; Ni-base superalloys; Ti-6Al-4V ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; SHORT CRACK-GROWTH; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; INITIATION; SUPERALLOY AB The objective of this research is to estimate the microstructure dependence of the extreme value probabilities of fatigue crack formation at the scale of the grains in polycrystalline and polyphase microstructures to facilitate preliminary parametric design exploration and property assessment. A simulation-based methodology is introduced for computing correlation functions of microstructure attributes marked by the extreme value microstructure-scale fatigue indicator parameters. Multiple statistically representative microstructure volumes simulated using a crystal plasticity constitutive model coupled with the FEM are used to characterize these extreme value marked correlation functions. By comparing these marked correlation functions to traditional correlation functions sampled from the bulk material, the interacting microstructure attributes important to the extreme value response are identified. This methodology is applied to identify dominant crystallographic relationships relative to fatigue crack formation in the polycrystalline P/M Ni-base superalloy IN100 and duplex Ti-6Al-4V. It is demonstrated that certain high contrast orientation relationships in both IN100 and Ti-6Al-4V (where grains oriented for hard slip are near grains oriented for easier slip) can significantly increase the driving forces for fatigue crack formation. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Przybyla, Craig P.] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Przybyla, Craig P.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Tech, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Tech, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Przybyla, CP (reprint author), AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM craig.przybyla@wpafb.af.mil NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1045 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.113 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BPF52 UT WOS:000278762900111 ER PT S AU Golden, PJ John, R Porter, WJ AF Golden, Patrick J. John, Reji Porter, W. John, III BE Lukas, P TI Investigation of variability in fatigue crack nucleation and propagation in alpha+beta Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE 2010 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Fatigue Conference CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Fatigue Nucleation; Fatigue Crack Growth; Life Variability; Ti-6Al-4V; Small Crack Growth; Surface Condition ID LIFE PREDICTION AB The understanding of fatigue variability in turbine engine materials is vital to permit a reduction of US Air Force sustainment costs through fatigue life extension and/or inspection interval extension. Additionally, the US Air Force is currently moving further towards the use of probabilistic damage tolerance design methods. These probabilistic models require not only a good understanding of the variability in specimen data, but also an understanding of the microstructural sources of variability to allow scaling to component analysis. The objective of this work was to study the fatigue variability of a common turbine engine alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Typical testing consisted of smooth bar fatigue tests at multiple stress ratios and stress levels in order to generate a fully populated stress-life curve. These tests, however, typically do not consist of many repeats. The approach of this work was to conduct a statistically significant number of repeated fatigue tests at several loading conditions. A similar approach has been performed on several other turbine engine material systems often revealing bimodal life distributions consisting of a number of low life specimens that may fail due to a separate mechanism. This paper discusses the Ti-6Al-4V life distributions and sources of variability. Crack propagation using small crack growth data was used to predict the lower tail of the life distributions. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Golden, Patrick J.; John, Reji] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Porter, W. John, III] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil FU AF with the University of Dayton Research Institute [FA8650-09-D- 5223] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXLMN, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and was partially supported under AF Contract No. FA8650-09-D- 5223 with the University of Dayton Research Institute. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.198 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BPF52 UT WOS:000278762900196 ER PT S AU John, R Buchanan, DJ Caton, MJ Jha, SK AF John, Reji Buchanan, Dennis J. Caton, Michael J. Jha, Sushant K. BE Lukas, P TI Stability of shot peen residual stresses in IN100 subjected to creep and fatigue loading SO FATIGUE 2010 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Fatigue Conference CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Creep; Fatigue; IN100; Nickel alloy; Residual stress; Shot peen ID RELAXATION; TEMPERATURES; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR AB Shot peening is commonly used to retard initiation and growth of fatigue cracks in fracture critical components. During service, the shot-peened residual stresses may change due to thermal-mechanical loading. This paper describes an approach for characterizing and modeling residual stress relaxation in supersolvus IN100 at 650 degrees C. The model incorporates the dominant creep deformation mechanism, coupling between the creep and plasticity models, and effects of prior plastic strain. Significant shot peen residual stresses are retained even after 300 hours of thermal exposure to 650 degrees C. Fatigue loading resulted in relaxation only in the initial load-unload cycle for the entire stress distribution. Under uniform applied stresses, residual stress reversal occurred for stresses greater than 1000 MPa. In geometries with steep gradients, such as notches, significant compressive residual stresses are retained near the surface even when the local stresses exceed the yield stress. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [John, Reji; Caton, Michael J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchanan, Dennis J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Univ Tech Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP John, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM reji.john@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1887 EP 1893 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.203 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BPF52 UT WOS:000278762900201 ER PT S AU Bochove, E Aceves, A Deiterding, R Crabtree, L Braiman, Y Jacobo, A Colet, P AF Bochove, E. Aceves, A. Deiterding, R. Crabtree, L. Braiman, Y. Jacobo, A. Colet, P. BE Tankala, K Dawson, JW TI Space-time-dynamic model of passively-phased ring-geometry fiber laser array SO FIBER LASERS VII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Fiber Lasers - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE fiber lasers; passively phased laser arrays; spatial filtering ID BEAM; COHERENCE; LOCKING; CAVITY AB We performed a linearized stability analysis and preliminary simulations of passive phasing in a CW operating ring-geometry fiber laser array coupled in an external cavity with a single-mode feedback fiber that functions as spatial filter. A two-element array with path length error is predicted to have a dynamically stable stationary operating state at the computed operating wavelength. C1 [Bochove, E.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, E (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Deiterding, Ralf/A-3394-2009; Colet, Pere/A-2472-2011; Jacobo, Adrian/F-7081-2010 OI Deiterding, Ralf/0000-0003-4776-8183; Colet, Pere/0000-0002-5992-6292; Jacobo, Adrian/0000-0001-9381-6292 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7976-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7580 AR 758026 DI 10.1117/12.840998 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BRS51 UT WOS:000283536200071 ER PT S AU Lu, CT Dajani, I Zeringue, C Vergien, C Henry, L Lobad, A Shay, TM AF Lu, Chunte Dajani, Iyad Zeringue, Clint Vergien, Christopher Henry, Leanne Lobad, Ahmed Shay, Thomas M. BE Tankala, K Dawson, JW TI SBS suppression through seeding with narrow-linewidth and broadband signals: experimental results SO FIBER LASERS VII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Fiber Lasers - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE fiber amplifiers; nonlinear optics; stimulated Brillouin scattering ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; FIBER AMPLIFIERS AB We present experimental verification of a novel technique to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in single frequency fiber amplifiers. This technique relies on seeding with a combination of broadband and single frequency laser beams to allow for efficient laser gain competition between the two signals. In the experiment, a monolithic fiber configuration was used. Broadband 1045 nm light and single frequency 1064 nm light were coupled into an Yb-doped gain fiber. With appropriate selection of seed power ratio, we were able to generate an output signal predominantly comprised of 1064 nm light while simultaneously suppressing the back-scattered Stokes light. The slope efficiency for the two-tone amplifier was approximately 78%; slightly below that of a single-tone amplifier. The SBS threshold for the former, on the other hand, was appreciably higher than that of the latter which is in excellent agreement with the theory. In preliminary implementation of this technique at high power, we generated close to 100 W without encountering the SBS threshold. Finally, we show numerically that due to a favorable thermal gradient much higher powers can be obtained. C1 [Lu, Chunte; Dajani, Iyad; Zeringue, Clint; Vergien, Christopher; Henry, Leanne; Lobad, Ahmed; Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, CT (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7976-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7580 AR 75802L DI 10.1117/12.842279 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BRS51 UT WOS:000283536200084 ER PT S AU Robin, C Dajani, I Vergien, C Zeringue, C Shay, TM AF Robin, Craig Dajani, Iyad Vergien, Christopher Zeringue, Clint Shay, Thomas M. BE Tankala, K Dawson, JW TI Experimental and theoretical studies of single frequency PCF amplifier with output of 400 W SO FIBER LASERS VII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Fiber Lasers - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE photonic crystal fibers; fiber amplifiers; stimulated Brillouin scattering ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; FIBER AMPLIFIERS AB We report on experimental and theoretical investigations of single frequency high power PCF amplifiers. A model describing the interplay among laser gain, thermals effects, and SBS was developed to study the power limitations of single frequency amplifiers in general, and PCF amplifiers in particular. A distributed noise term was used to initiate the SBS process with the Stokes light spanning multi-frequency channels. The use of thermal and acoustic gradients in conjunction was considered and indicated marginal improvement. In the set of experiments, slope efficiencies as high as 77% were obtained with a maximum output of 427 W. The linewidth was measured and yielded values that were less than 10 KHz. A pump-probe measurement of the Brillouin gain spectrum revealed secondary peaks lying at the high-frequency side. Measurements conducted on a novel PCF, specifically designed to utilize thermal and acoustic gradients in conjunction, showed the existence of two primary gain peaks. C1 [Robin, Craig; Dajani, Iyad; Vergien, Christopher; Zeringue, Clint; Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robin, C (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7976-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7580 AR 75801I DI 10.1117/12.842566 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BRS51 UT WOS:000283536200049 ER PT S AU Ward, BG Sipes, DL Tafoya, JD AF Ward, Benjamin G. Sipes, Donald L., Jr. Tafoya, Jason D. BE Tankala, K Dawson, JW TI A monolithic pump signal multiplexer for air-clad photonic crystal fiber amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS VII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Fiber Lasers - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Fiber Optics; Fiber Lasers; Power Scaling; Fiber Components AB We report on the performance of a monolithic 6+1X1 fiber pump signal multiplexer for use in fiber amplifiers. The key component of this coupler design is an etched taper that transforms the low-numerical aperture large diameter pump radiation into a high numerical aperture small diamter format for injection into the pump cladding of an air-clad fiber while maintaining a constant refractive index profile in the core for efficient signal coupling. This taper was then fused onto the 6+1 fiber bundle at the large end and to the air-clad large mode area polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber at the small end. We employed 6 pump delivery fibers in a 200/220/0.22 core/clad/NA format and a 25/250 polarization maintaining step index signal delivery fiber for the bundle. The large end of the taper had a cladding diameter of 650 mu m while the small end had a cladding diameter of 300 mu m to match the pump cladding diameter of the PCF which was 314 mu m. The core within the taper had a constant diameter of 40 mu m and NA of 0.07 achieved through a step index profile. The mode field diameter of the PCF was 54 mu m. Signal coupling efficiency at 1550 nm was measured to be 90% with a polarization extinction ratio > 20dB while pump coupling efficiency was measured to be 87% at 1532nm. The low pump coupling efficiency was found to be due to pump delivery fibers that had a numerical aperture of 0.24, higher than the specification of 0.22. A simple calculation shows that with 0.22 NA pump fibers, the pump coupling efficiency would increase to 94%. C1 [Ward, Benjamin G.] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A167, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward@usafa.edu NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7976-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7580 AR 75801C DI 10.1117/12.845769 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BRS51 UT WOS:000283536200043 ER PT S AU Ward, BG Wright, DM Eicholt, CJ Carlson, CG AF Ward, Benjamin G. Wright, Dallas M. Eicholt, Casey J. Carlson, Chad G. BE Tankala, K Dawson, JW TI Photonic crystal fiber with resonant-coupling higher-order-mode suppression SO FIBER LASERS VII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Fiber Lasers - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Fiber Optics; Fiber Lasers; Power Scaling; Beam Profiling ID AREA FIBERS; BEND PERFORMANCE; SCALABILITY; AMPLIFIERS; CORE AB Non-axially symmetric micro-structured fibers including photonic crystal fibers and leakage channel fibers have been investigated as possible means to enable mode field area scaling while retaining low-loss fundamental mode propagation. In this paper we report on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a photonic crystal fiber designed for single-polarization operation in a coiled configuration incorporating a resonant higher-order mode suppressing structure within the cladding. We performed spatially and spectrally resolved ( S2) imaging of the output of a 18.6 meter length of fiber when seeded with a broadband ASE source. We observed no trace of any localized or distributed scattering to higher order modes in the spatially resolved Fourier transformed output spectra indicating robust single-transverse-mode output. C1 [Ward, Benjamin G.; Wright, Dallas M.; Eicholt, Casey J.; Carlson, Chad G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A167, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward@usafa.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7976-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7580 AR 758011 DI 10.1117/12.845599 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BRS51 UT WOS:000283536200032 ER PT J AU Wirsing, RG Ahrari, E AF Wirsing, Robert G. Ahrari, Ehsan BE Wirsing, RG Ahrari, E TI Fixing Fractured Nations The Challenge of Ethnic Separatism in the Asia-Pacific Preface SO FIXING FRACTURED NATIONS: THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNIC SEPARATISM IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC SE Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ahrari, Ehsan] Asia Pacific Ctr Secur Studies, Honolulu, HI USA. [Ahrari, Ehsan] US Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Wirsing, RG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Foreign Serv Qatar SFS Q, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28127-1 J9 CRIT STUD ASIA PAC S PY 2010 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1057/9780230281271 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Ethnic Studies SC Area Studies; Ethnic Studies GA BXK62 UT WOS:000296249700001 ER PT B AU Ahrari, EM AF Ahrari, Ehsan M. BE Wirsing, RG Ahrari, E TI Ethnic Separatism in Geopolitical Perspective Conclusion SO FIXING FRACTURED NATIONS: THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNIC SEPARATISM IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC SE Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ahrari, Ehsan M.] Asia Pacific Ctr Secur Studies, Honolulu, HI USA. [Ahrari, Ehsan M.] US Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Ahrari, EM (reprint author), Asia Pacific Ctr Secur Studies, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28127-1 J9 CRIT STUD ASIA PAC S PY 2010 BP 244 EP 268 D2 10.1057/9780230281271 PG 25 WC Area Studies; Ethnic Studies SC Area Studies; Ethnic Studies GA BXK62 UT WOS:000296249700013 ER PT S AU Meziani, MJ Lu, FS Cao, L Bunker, CE Guliants, EA Sun, YP AF Meziani, Mohammed J. Lu, Fushen Cao, Li Bunker, Christopher E. Guliants, Elena A. Sun, Ya-Ping BE Nelson, DJ Brammer, CN TI Fluorinated Templates for Energy-Related Nanomaterials and Applications SO FLUORINE-RELATED NANOSCIENCE WITH ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; NANOSCALE TIO2 CATALYSTS; ULTRATHIN NAFION FILMS; ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; SCHAEFER FILMS; STEADY-STATE; METAL; TRANSPORT AB Fluorinated ionomer membranes, as represented by the commercially available Nafion films, are macroscopically homogeneous and optically transparent but microscopically inhomogeneous with the presence of nanoscale hydrophilic cavities. These cavities serve as nanoscale reactors for the synthesis of nanoparticles from a variety of materials. The membranes with embedded nanoscale semiconductors, still optically transparent, have been used as sheet-photocatalysts for energy conversion applications, while those with embedded reactive metals used as nano-energetic materials for hydrogen generation and beyond. This chapter provides an overview on the templated synthesis of nanomaterials in fluorinated ionomer membranes and the various energy-related applications of this unique class of nanocomposite materials. C1 [Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Guliants, Elena A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Cao, Li; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Meziani, MJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mmezian@clemson.edu; christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2610-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1064 BP 103 EP 125 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAQ14 UT WOS:000305161400007 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Randall, RM Bartell, RJ Haiducek, JD Spencer, MF Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Randall, Robb M. Bartell, Richard J. Haiducek, John D. Spencer, Mark F. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Field Measurements and Comparisons to Simulations of High Energy Laser Propagation and Off-Axis Scatter SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications X CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HELEEOS; high energy laser; atmospheric scattering AB The AFIT Center for Directed Energy's High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model allows for the calculation of the irradiance from within a high energy laser beam that is scattered by molecules and particulates in the atmosphere to an off-axis observation point, while incorporating the spreading effects of the turbulence and thermal blooming. Field experiments conducted at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio in summer 2009 allowed for validation measurements for the HELEEOS off-axis algorithm to be collected. Turbulence strength measurements were made at a wavelength of 1.55 mu m using a state of the art bistatic turbulence profiler for both horizontal and vertical paths. Pressure, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and aerosol loading data were collected simultaneously with the C-n(2) measurements. As part of the experiment, the profiler's beams were imaged off-axis with a calibrated camera array and the received irradiance of the off-axis scattering was quantified. Characterization of the aerosol distribution along the laser path and the path to the observer is accomplished by determining the visibility and climatological aerosols for southwestern Ohio. Comparisons between predicted and measured off-axis irradiance are made. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Randall, Robb M.; Bartell, Richard J.; Haiducek, John D.; Spencer, Mark F.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-310-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7814 AR 78140P DI 10.1117/12.860046 PG 11 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BSU50 UT WOS:000285828200021 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Castle, AB Murdock, RC Hussain, SM Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Castle, Alicia B. Murdock, Richard C. Hussain, Saber M. Varma, Rajender S. TI In vitro biocompatibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) synthesized using tea polyphenols SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; TCE DECHLORINATION; GREEN SYNTHESIS; H-2 EVOLUTION; IMMOBILIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; REACTIVITY; REDUCTION; REMOVAL AB A "green" protocol was used for the rapid generation of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles using tea polyphenols. The NZVI particles were subsequently examined for in vitro biocompatibility using the human keratinocyte cell (HaCaT) line as a representative skin exposure model. The cells were exposed to NZVI for time periods of 24 and 48 h. Biocompatibility was assessed using the methyl tetrazolium, or MTS, (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays to determine in vitro cytotoxicity. The evaluation of mitochondrial function (MTS) and membrane integrity (LDH) in human keratinocytes showed that these "green" synthesized NZVI particles were nontoxic in the human keratinocytes exposed when compared with control samples synthesized using a borohydride protocol. In fact, in most cases, these "green" nanoparticles induced a prolific response in the cellular function even at the highest concentration (100 mu g ml(-1)). C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Castle, Alicia B.; Murdock, Richard C.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W MLK Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 29 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1039/b921203p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 543KM UT WOS:000273576000018 ER PT S AU Curtis, C Lenzo, M McClure, M Preiss, B AF Curtis, Christopher Lenzo, Matthew McClure, Matthew Preiss, Bruce BE Kolodny, MA TI The Layered Sensing Operations Center: A Modeling and Simulation Approach to Developing Complex ISR Networks SO GROUND/AIR MULTI-SENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multi-Sensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sensors; modeling; simulation; analysis; test; evaluation; architecture AB In order to anticipate the constantly changing landscape of global warfare, the United States Air Force must acquire new capabilities in the field of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). To meet this challenge, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is developing a unifying construct of "Layered Sensing" which will provide military decision-makers at all levels with the timely, actionable, and trusted information necessary for complete battlespace awareness. Layered Sensing is characterized by the appropriate combination of sensors and platforms (including those for persistent sensing), infrastructure, and exploitation capabilities to enable this synergistic awareness. To achieve the Layered Sensing vision, AFRL is pursuing a Modeling & Simulation (M&S) strategy through the Layered Sensing Operations Center (LSOC). An experimental ISR system-of-systems test-bed, the LSOC integrates DoD standard simulation tools with commercial, off-the-shelf video game technology for rapid scenario development and visualization. These tools will help facilitate sensor management performance characterization, system development, and operator behavioral analysis. Flexible and cost-effective, the LSOC will implement a non-proprietary, open-architecture framework with well-defined interfaces. This framework will incentivize the transition of current ISR performance models to service-oriented software design for maximum re-use and consistency. This paper will present the LSOC's development and implementation thus far as well as a summary of lessons learned and future plans for the LSOC. C1 [Curtis, Christopher; Lenzo, Matthew; McClure, Matthew; Preiss, Bruce] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Curtis, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8158-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7694 AR 769415 DI 10.1117/12.849544 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS81 UT WOS:000285716900030 ER PT S AU Graley, JD Quinn, LLE Palomino, AP AF Graley, Jeffrey D. Quinn, Lt Lauren E. Palomino, Adrian P. BE Kolodny, MA TI CityBeat @ Tec boolean AND Edge SO GROUND/AIR MULTI-SENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multi-Sensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Layered Sensing; Social Network Analysis; Persistent Surveillance; Behavior Tracking AB The purpose of the CityBeat @ Tec boolean AND Edge program is to improve urban situation awareness through the integration, visualization and exploitation of geospatial imagery and products with sociocultural information in a layered sensing architecture. CityBeat applies persistent surveillance from multiple sensors to include wide area airborne and ground level cameras to learn normal behavior patterns based on object motion. Publicly available GIS and sociocultural datasets are integrated to provide context for the direct sensor measurements. Anomaly detection algorithms incorporating normalcy models with observed behavior are being developed to automatically alert an analyst of unusual behavior for objects of interest. C1 [Graley, Jeffrey D.; Quinn, Lt Lauren E.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Graley, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Monahan Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8158-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7694 AR 76940K DI 10.1117/12.852612 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS81 UT WOS:000285716900012 ER PT S AU Heathcock, R Linnebur, K Brasch, C AF Heathcock, Robert Linnebur, Kent Brasch, Colson BE Kolodny, MA TI Unattended ground sensors standards working group SO GROUND/AIR MULTI-SENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multi-Sensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE UGS; interoperability; Sensor Web Enablement; standardization; plug-and-play AB The Department of Defense (DoD) has established an Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) Standards Working Group to address the interoperability of UGS, promote competition, provide enhanced capabilities, and support UGS missions. C1 [Heathcock, Robert] Def Intelligence Agcy, Washington, DC 20340 USA. RP Heathcock, R (reprint author), Def Intelligence Agcy, Bldg 6000,200 MacDill Blvd,Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20340 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8158-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7694 AR 76940L DI 10.1117/12.851872 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS81 UT WOS:000285716900013 ER PT S AU Uppenkamp, DA Rovito, TV Priddy, KL AF Uppenkamp, Daniel A. Rovito, Todd V. Priddy, Kevin L. BE Kolodny, MA TI Open Source-Based Architecture for Layered Sensing Applications SO GROUND/AIR MULTI-SENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multi-Sensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SPADE; layered sensing; open-source; NASA World Wind; NITF; network centric warfare AB We present an architecture for layered sensing which is constructed on open source and government off-the-shelf software. This architecture shows how leveraging existing open-source software allows for practical graphical user interfaces along with the underlying database and messaging architecture to be rapidly assimilated and utilized in real-world applications. As an example of how this works, we present a system composed of a database and a graphical user interface which can display wide area motion imagery, ground-based sensor data and overlays from narrow field of view sensors in one composite image composed of sensor data and other metadata in separate layers on the display. We further show how the development time is greatly reduced by utilizing open-source software and integrating it into the final system design. The paper describes the architecture, the pros and cons of the open-source approach with results for a layered sensing application with data from multiple disparate sensors. C1 [Uppenkamp, Daniel A.; Rovito, Todd V.; Priddy, Kevin L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Uppenkamp, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8158-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7694 AR 76940R DI 10.1117/12.852433 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS81 UT WOS:000285716900017 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Voevodin, AA AF Erdemir, Ali Voevodin, Andrey A. BE Martin, PM TI Nanocomposite Coatings for Severe Applications SO HANDBOOK OF DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILMS AND COATINGS: SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID LUBRICANT COATINGS; SUPERHARD NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CHLORINATION; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; HARD PVD COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; DIAMOND FILMS; VACUUM-ARC; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES C1 [Erdemir, Ali] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 133 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552032-0 PY 2010 BP 679 EP 715 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-2031-3.00014-4 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BER82 UT WOS:000317907100015 ER PT S AU Matthews, G Warm, JS Reinerman, LE Langheim, LK Saxby, DJ AF Matthews, Gerald Warm, Joel S. Reinerman, Lauren E. Langheim, Lisa K. Saxby, Dyani J. BE Gruszka, A Matthews, G Szymura, B TI Task Engagement, Attention, and Executive Control SO HANDBOOK OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COGNITION: ATTENTION, MEMORY, AND EXECUTIVE CONTROL SE Springer Series on Human Exceptionality LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VISUAL SUSTAINED ATTENTION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; VIGILANCE PERFORMANCE; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; SENSITIVITY DECREMENT; INDUCED FATIGUE; AROUSAL; EXTROVERSION; STRESS; PERSONALITY C1 [Matthews, Gerald; Langheim, Lisa K.; Saxby, Dyani J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Warm, Joel S.] USAF, Warfighter Interface Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reinerman, Lauren E.] Univ Cent Florida, ACTIVE, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Matthews, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM gerald.matthews@uc.edu; gerald.matthews@uc.edu NR 102 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1572-5642 BN 978-1-4419-1209-1 J9 SPRINGER SER HUM EXC PY 2010 BP 205 EP 230 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1210-7_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1210-7 PG 26 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA BRI76 UT WOS:000282780600013 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing Second edition Introduction SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200002 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing Second edition Preface SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP XIX EP XX PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200001 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Substrate ("Real") Surfaces and Surface Modification SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COATINGS C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 25 EP 72 PG 48 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200003 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The "Good" Vacuum (Low Pressure) Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; EQUIPMENT; SURFACES; DESIGN; SYSTEM C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 145 PG 73 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200004 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The Sub-Atmospheric Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 147 EP 156 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200005 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The Low Pressure Plasma Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETRON C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 193 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200006 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Vacuum Evaporation and Vacuum Deposition SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALLOY C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 235 PG 41 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200007 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Physical Sputtering and Sputter Deposition (Sputtering) SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HARD COATINGS; FILM GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETRON; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARTICLES; STRESS; DESIGN; SYSTEM C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 104 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 237 EP 286 PG 50 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200008 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Arc Vapor Deposition SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VACUUM-ARC; COATINGS; SYSTEM; FILMS C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 300 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200009 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Ion Plating and Ion Beam-Assisted Deposition SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; THIN METAL-FILMS; HOLLOW-CATHODE; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; HARD COATINGS; ENERGY; TECHNOLOGY; BOMBARDMENT; ADHESION C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2; 978-0-81-552037-5 PY 2010 BP 301 EP 331 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200010 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Atomistic Film Growth and Some Growth-Related Film Properties SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; GOLD-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; TIN FILMS; ALUMINUM; SURFACE C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 333 EP 398 PG 66 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200011 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Film Characterization and Some Basic Film Properties SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; THIN-FILM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT; MOLYBDENUM FILMS; COATINGS; SUBSTRATE; HARDNESS; STRESS; CRACKING C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 399 EP 438 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200012 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Adhesion and Deadhesion SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THIN-FILM ADHESION; GOLD-FILMS; INTERNAL-STRESS; METAL-FILMS; SCRATCH TESTER; SHEAR TEST; TIN FILMS; COATINGS; DIFFUSION; SUBSTRATE C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 439 EP 474 PG 36 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200013 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Cleaning SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 475 EP 527 PG 53 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200014 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The External Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 529 EP 544 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200015 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The Transfer of Technology from Research and Development to Manufacturing SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 545 EP 552 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200016 ER PT S AU Burnett, GM Hoover, JL Racine, MS Sedillo, MR AF Burnett, Gregory M. Hoover, Jeffery L. Racine, Matthew S. Sedillo, Michael R. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Human system integration considerations for tactical head mounted displays SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XV: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XV - Design and Applications CY APR 08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB As computer-use propagates across the battlefield, the necessity to effectively integrate such system components challenges the system developer to find a balance between added functionality and system usability. The most significant challenge is ruggedizing and integrating these technologies in an acceptable manner that does not impede the users' combat capability, but instead significantly enhances it. In this paper, researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Battlespace Acoustics Branch explored alternative Head Mounted Display (HMD) concepts, investigating field of view as well as ease of use concerns. Special Operations personnel prosecute mission objectives in dynamic environments requiring an agile integration solution that is equally accommodating. This report describes the research process as well as the unique concerns and results of integrating tactical HMDs for special operation forces. Issues involving variable use-cases, as well as cable management are also addressed. C1 [Burnett, Gregory M.; Hoover, Jeffery L.; Racine, Matthew S.] USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burnett, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8152-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7688 AR 768802 DI 10.1117/12.849727 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSM48 UT WOS:000284936400001 ER PT J AU Bleah, DA Ellett, ML AF Bleah, Doris A. Ellett, Marsha L. TI Infant Crying Among Recent African Immigrants SO HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Studies in non-Western cultures have shown that infants cry very little, probably because they are carried constantly by caregivers. Western literature suggests that the bouts of persistent crying found in infants at least in part result from Western caregiving practices. This study was conducted to describe crying patterns of a small sample (n = 8) of infants born to recent African immigrants to the United States. Audio-recorded interviews were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Some infant crying occurred but less than for typical Western babies. Mothers provided reasons why increased crying occurred. Nursing implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Bleah, Doris A.] United States Air Force, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Med Grp Inpatient Operat Squadron 88, Nurse Corp Clin Nurse Intens Care Unit, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ellett, Marsha L.] Indiana Univ, Sch Nursing, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Bleah, DA (reprint author), United States Air Force, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Med Grp Inpatient Operat Squadron 88, Nurse Corp Clin Nurse Intens Care Unit, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM doris.bleah@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0739-9332 J9 HEALTH CARE WOMEN IN JI Health Care Women Int. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 652 EP 663 AR PII 922733318 DI 10.1080/07399331003628446 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 606XN UT WOS:000278462400007 PM 20526929 ER PT S AU Reynolds, WD Doyle, D Arritt, B AF Reynolds, Whitney D. Doyle, Derek Arritt, Brandon BE Kundu, T TI Active Loose Bolt Detection in a Complex Satellite Structure SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2010, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE structural health monitoring; damage localization; isogrid; loose bolt; satellite ID MODE; SENSORS AB This work focuses on the detection, localization, and quantification of damage in the form of loose bolts on an isogrid satellite structure. In the process of rapid satellite development and deployment, it is necessary to quickly complete several levels of validation tests. Structural Health Monitoring methods are being investigated as a means for reducing the number of validation tests required. This method for detecting loose bolts enables quick confirmation of proper assembly, and verification that structural fasteners are still intact after validation testing. Within this testing framework, feature selection is presented as well as a localization methodology. Quantification of fastener torque is also developed. Locating damage in an isogrid structure is complicated by the directionally dependent dispersion characteristics caused by a propagating wave passing through ribs and holes. For this reason, an actuation frequency with the best first wave arrival clarity is selected. A methodology is presented in which a time map is constructed for each actuator-sensor pair which establishes times of flight for each location on the sample. Differences in time between healthy and damaged sensor signals are then extracted and used to create a map of possible damage locations. These resulting solution maps are merged yielding a final damage position. Fastener torque is correlated to a damage parameter, and the loose bolt position is calculated within 3 cm. C1 [Reynolds, Whitney D.; Doyle, Derek; Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Reynolds, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8065-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7650 AR 76500E DI 10.1117/12.847709 PG 14 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSR53 UT WOS:000285545600012 ER PT S AU Swenson, ED Sohn, H Olson, SE DeSimio, MP AF Swenson, Eric D. Sohn, Hoon Olson, Steven E. DeSimio, Martin P. BE Kundu, T TI A Comparison of 1D and 3D Laser Vibrometry Measurements of Lamb Waves SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2010, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Structural Health Monitoring; Lamb Waves; Laser Doppler Vibrometry ID FATIGUE-CRACK DETECTION AB This paper compares and contrasts one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) measurements of Lamb waves generated by lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers. Due to the large cost and capability differences between the previously mentioned systems, this study is provided to highlight differences between these systems. 1D measurements are defined here as measurements of only out-of-plane velocities which are well-suited for studying anti-symmetric Lamb wave modes. 3D measurements provide both in-and out-of-plane velocities, which are especially important when studying both symmetric and anti-symmetric Lamb wave modes. The primary reason for using scanning LDVs is that these systems can make non-contact, accurate surface velocity measurements over a spatially-dense grid providing relatively high resolution image sequences of wave propagation. These scans can result in a clear understanding of Lamb waves propagating in plate-like structures and interacting with structural variations. C1 [Swenson, Eric D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. RP Swenson, ED (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. EM eric.swenson@afit.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8065-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7650 AR 765003 DI 10.1117/12.847362 PG 11 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSR53 UT WOS:000285545600002 ER PT S AU Blank, LA Kedziora, GS Weeks, DE AF Blank, L. Aaron Kedziora, Gary S. Weeks, David E. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Potential energy surfaces for alkali plus noble gas pairs - a systematic comparison SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; COLLISION MOLECULES; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; APPROXIMATION; CHEMISTRY; ACCURACY; LASER AB Optically Pumped Alkali Lasers (OPAL) involve interactions of alkali atoms with a buffer gas typically consisting of a noble gas together with C(2)H(4). Line broadening mechanisms are of particular interest because they can be used to match a broad optical pumping source with relatively narrow alkali absorption spectra. To better understand the line broadening processes at work in OPAL systems we focus on the noble gas collisional partners. A matrix of potential energy surfaces (PES) has been generated at the multi-configurational self consistent field (MCSCF) level for M + Ng, where M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Ng=He, Ne, Ar. The PES include the X(2)Sigma ground state surface and the A(2)Pi, B(2)Sigma excited state surfaces. In addition to the MCSCF surfaces, PES for Li+He have been calculated at the multi-reference singles and doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) level with spin-orbit splitting effects included. These surfaces provide a way to check the qualitative applicability of the MCSCF calculations. They also exhibit the avoided crossing between the B(2)Sigma and A(2)Pi(1/2) surfaces that is partially responsible for collision induced relaxation from the (2)P(3/2) to the (2)P(1/2) atomic levels. C1 [Blank, L. Aaron; Weeks, David E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blank, LA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM laaronblank@gmail.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7977-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7581 AR 75810I DI 10.1117/12.845215 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS14 UT WOS:000285579400016 ER PT S AU Hager, GD Perram, GP AF Hager, Gordon D. Perram, Glen P. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Extended saturation analysis and analytical model of diode-pumped alkali lasers SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optically-pumped laser; saturation; efficiency; rubidium; analytic model ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; CS LASER; RUBIDIUM; ARRAY; POWER AB An analytic model for the cw diode pumped alkali laser is developed by considering the longitudinally averaged number densities of the ground (2)S(1/2) and first excited (2)P(3/2), and (2)P(1/2) states. The pump intensity to reach threshold requires fully bleaching the pump transition and exceeding optical losses, typically about 200 Watts/cm(2). Slope efficiency depends critically on the fraction of incident photons absorbed and the overlap of pump and resonator modes, approaching the quantum efficiency of 0.95 - 0.98. For marginal cavity transmission losses, peak performance is achieved for low output coupling. For efficient operation, the collisional relaxation between the two upper levels should be fast to prevent bottle-necking. By assuming a statistical distribution between the upper two levels, the limiting analytic solution for the quasi-two level system is achieved. For properly designed gain conditions, the quasi two level solution is usually achievable and represents ideal performance. C1 [Hager, Gordon D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hager, GD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7977-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7581 AR 75810J DI 10.1117/12.842330 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS14 UT WOS:000285579400017 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Scaling of diode pumped Cs laser: transverse pump, unstable cavity, MOPA SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Alkali lasers; Optically pumped lasers ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; ARRAY; POWER AB There has been recent interest in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) and their scaling to higher powers. Scaling of DPALs to high powers requires using multiple pump sources such as laser diode arrays or stacks of arrays. Coupling of multiple pump beams into the laser gain medium can be realized using a transverse pumping scheme that is most efficient for the laser operating with large mode volume. We have demonstrated Cs laser with unstable resonator transversely pumped by 15 narrowband diode laser arrays. This laser operates on lowest transverse mode with a diameter of 7 mm with an optical-to-optical efficiency higher than 30%. An alternative power scaling approach: Master Oscillator and power Amplifier (MOPA) system with transversely pumped by multiple diode lasers Cs amplifier was studied experimentally and demonstrated high optical efficiency. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7977-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7581 AR 75810F DI 10.1117/12.839466 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS14 UT WOS:000285579400013 ER PT J AU Brown, FM AF Brown, Frank Markham TI McColl and Minimization SO HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF LOGIC LA English DT Article AB In 1952, Quine showed that the problem of reducing a propositional formula to a simplest normal equivalent can be solved in two steps, viz., (i) express the given formula, phi, equivalently as the disjunction of all its prime implicants, and (ii) find all non-redundant disjunctions of the latter that are equivalent to phi (Quine1952). However, it seems not generally known that an ingenious form of the same two-step process was published by Hugh McColl in 1878. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Brown, FM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-5340 J9 HIST PHILOS LOGIC JI Hist. Philos. Log. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 337 EP 348 AR PII 928656908 DI 10.1080/01445340.2010.517387 PG 12 WC Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science; Logic; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 672AV UT WOS:000283556300003 ER PT J AU Egeland, A Burke, WJ AF Egeland, A. Burke, W. J. TI Kristian Birkeland's pioneering investigations of geomagnetic disturbances SO HISTORY OF GEO-AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB More than 100 years ago Kristian Birkeland (1967-1917) addressed questions that had vexed scientists for centuries. Why do auroras appear overhead while the Earth's magnetic field is disturbed? Are magnetic storms on Earth related to disturbances on the Sun? To answer these questions Birkeland devised terrella simulations, led coordinated campaigns in the Arctic wilderness, and then interpreted his results in the light of Maxwell's synthesis of laws governing electricity and magnetism. After analyzing thousands of magnetograms, he divided disturbances into 3 categories: 1. Polar elementary storms are auroral-latitude disturbances now called substorms. 2. Equatorial perturbations correspond to initial and main phases of magnetic storms. 3. Cyclo-median perturbations reflect enhanced solar-quiet currents on the dayside. He published the first two-cell pattern of electric currents in Earth's upper atmosphere, nearly 30 years before the ionosphere was identified as a separate entity. Birkeland's most enduring contribution toward understanding geomagnetic disturbances flowed from his recognition that field-aligned currents must connect the upper atmosphere with generators in distant space. The existence of field-aligned currents was vigorously debated among scientists for more than 50 years. Birkeland's conjecture profoundly affects present-day understanding of auroral phenomena and global electrodynamics. In 1896, four years after Lord Kelvin rejected suggestions that matter passes between the Sun and Earth, and two years before the electron was discovered, Birkeland proposed current carriers are "electric corpuscles from the Sun" and "the auroras are formed by corpuscular rays drawn in from space, and coming from the Sun". It can be reasonably argued that the year 1896 marks the founding of space plasma physics. Many of Birkeland's insights were rooted in observations made during his terrella experiments, the first attempts to simulate cosmic phenomena within a laboratory. Birkeland's ideas were often misinterpreted or dismissed, but were verified when technology advances allowed instrumented spacecraft to fly in space above the ionosphere. C1 [Egeland, A.] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Burke, W. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Egeland, A (reprint author), Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM alv.egeland@fys.uio.no NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-5010 EI 2190-5029 J9 HIST GEO-SPACE SCI JI Hist. Geo-Space Sci. PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA V30XJ UT WOS:000208848400002 ER PT J AU Gluck, K AF Gluck, Kevin BE Salas, E Maurino, D TI Cognitive Architectures for Human Factors in Aviation SO HUMAN FACTORS IN AVIATION, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENT; PERFORMANCE C1 USAF, Res Lab, RHAC, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Gluck, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RHAC, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092302-4 PY 2010 BP 375 EP 399 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374518-7.00012-2 PG 25 WC Psychology, Applied; Transportation SC Psychology; Transportation GA BEM53 UT WOS:000317362000012 ER PT J AU Archbold, M Rothwell, EJ Kempel, LC Schneider, SW AF Archbold, Michael Rothwell, Edward J. Kempel, Leo C. Schneider, Stephen W. TI Beam Steering of a Half-Width Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Edge Loading SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Beam steering; capacitors; leaky-wave antennas (LWAs); loaded antennas; microstrip antennas AB A technique is presented for steering the main beam of a half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna (LWA) at fixed frequencies over the operational frequency range. By loading the free edge of the microstrip using lumped capacitors, the phase constant may be adjusted in a prescribed manner, and the beam pointed along a desired direction. The transverse resonance method is used to explore the range of capacitances needed to steer the beam through a nearly 90 degrees range of angles for a typical antenna. Measurements of a prototype antenna are used to validate the technique. C1 [Archbold, Michael] Raytheon Network Centr Syst, Mckinney, TX 75071 USA. [Rothwell, Edward J.; Kempel, Leo C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48895 USA. [Schneider, Stephen W.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Archbold, M (reprint author), Raytheon Network Centr Syst, Mckinney, TX 75071 USA. EM rothwell@egr.msu.edu OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported under the Minority Leaders Program of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2045730 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 580BN UT WOS:000276422000006 ER PT J AU Shelley, S Costantine, J Christodoulou, CG Anagnostou, DE Lyke, JC AF Shelley, Severn Costantine, Joseph Christodoulou, Christos G. Anagnostou, Dimitris E. Lyke, James C. TI FPGA-Controlled Switch-Reconfigured Antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Field programmable gate array (FPGA); microstrip antennas; reconfigurable antennas ID PATCH ANTENNA AB In this letter, p-i-n diodes are used as switches to connect and disconnect four patch sections to a midsection of a planar antenna. The antenna system is connected to the field programmable gate array (FPGA) board controlling the activation of these switches. The antenna with the incorporated diodes is designed, installed, and measured. The methodology for using an FPGA to optimally control and produce the desired antenna frequency operation is presented and analyzed. The analogy between the measured and simulated results is found to be satisfactory. The proposed control methodology can be used with various antenna designs to obtain different possible states in an easy, fast, and low-cost manner. C1 [Shelley, Severn; Costantine, Joseph; Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Lyke, James C.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Shelley, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009 OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2048550 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 596FV UT WOS:000277671300002 ER PT J AU Zunoubi, MR Payne, J Roach, WP AF Zunoubi, Mohammad Reza Payne, Jason Roach, William P. TI CUDA Implementation of TEZ-FDTD Solution of Maxwell's Equations in Dispersive Media SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML); dispersive; finite-difference time domain (FDTD); graphic processor unit (GPU) AB This letter presents the graphic processor unit (GPU) implementation of the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method for the solution of the two-dimensional electromagnetic fields inside dispersive media. The FDTD is truncated by the convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) and the piecewise-linear recursive-convolution (PLRC) formulation is used for modeling dispersive media. By using the newly introduced Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technology, we illustrate the efficacy of GPUs in accelerating the FDTD computations by achieving significant speedup factors with great ease and at no extra hardware/software cost. We validate our approach by comparison to exact and other simulated results, which show favorable agreements. The effect of the GPU-CPU memory transfers on the speedup factor will be also studied. C1 [Zunoubi, Mohammad Reza] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Payne, Jason] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate AFRL HE, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Roach, William P.] AFRL RDLA, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zunoubi, MR (reprint author), SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. EM zunoubm@engr.newpaltz.edu NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 756 EP 759 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2060181 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 664TH UT WOS:000282984900006 ER PT S AU Hager, C Zarzhitsky, D Kwon, H Pack, D AF Hager, Chad Zarzhitsky, Dimitri Kwon, Hyukseong Pack, Daniel GP IEEE TI Cooperative Target Localization Using Heterogeneous Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles SO IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 18-22, 2010 CL Taipei, TAIWAN ID UAVS AB This paper describes our on-going efforts toward developing heterogeneous, cooperative systems technologies. In particular, we present the role of unmanned mobile ground systems (robots) in a heterogeneous sensor network, consisting of two unmanned aircraft, a mobile ground robot, and a set of four stationary ground sensors, performing an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) mission. The unmanned mobile ground robot is equipped with an infrared (IR) sensor, the aircraft and the stationary ground sensors use optical cameras and radio frequency (RF) detectors, respectively. The primary responsibility of the mobile ground robot is to verify the identity of a target based on its IR signature. In addition, the mobile ground robot also assists with the sensor network's overall target localization estimation efforts by sharing its IR sensor-based target location measurements with members of the sensor network. Our analysis and field experiments demonstrated scalability and effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Hager, Chad; Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Kwon, Hyukseong; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hager, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM chad.hager@usafa.edu; dimitri.zarzhitsky@usafa.edu; hyukseong.kwon@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4244-6675-7 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2010 BP 2952 EP 2957 DI 10.1109/IROS.2010.5650073 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BTO97 UT WOS:000287672004060 ER PT J AU Anitori, L Srinivasan, R Rangaswamy, M AF Anitori, Laura Srinivasan, Rajan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Envelope-Law and Geometric-Mean STAP Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; ADAPTIVE DETECTION; NONHOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; DETECTION PERFORMANCE; RADAR DETECTION; FALSE-ALARM; RECEIVER; PROCESSORS AB Two detectors for space-time adaptive processing (STAP) are proposed here. These are variants that use envelope-law and geometric-mean (GM) (or logarithmic) processing, both being well-known concepts from conventional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) square-law radar detection [2-12]. The variants are based on normalized adaptive matched filter (NAMF) STAP processing, and their CFAR property is established. Threshold setting for the detectors for specified false alarm probability (FAP) is accomplished using fast simulation based on importance sampling. Performance analyses of these detectors reveal almost indistinguishable loss in detection probability in homogeneous Gaussian interference compared with conventional square-law STAP detector versions. In addition, they exhibit robust detection performance in the presence of interfering targets in the training data for both nonfluctuating as well as fluctuating target models. Comparisons are made with the corresponding envelope-law and GM variants of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) detector previously proposed in a recent paper. C1 [Anitori, Laura; Srinivasan, Rajan] TNO, Def Secur & Safety, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Anitori, L (reprint author), TNO, Def Secur & Safety, Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. EM muralidhar.rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, London, UK; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8655-04-1-3025] FX The work of L. Anitori was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, London, UK, in collaboration with the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA8655-04-1-3025. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 184 EP 192 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 559IR UT WOS:000274818200013 ER PT J AU Selmic, RR Mitra, A Challa, S Simicevic, N AF Selmic, Rastko R. Mitra, Atindra Challa, Shravan Simicevic, Neven TI Ultra-Wideband Signal Propagation Experiments in Liquid Media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Liquid medium propagation; signal propagation; ultra-wideband (UWB); UWB pulsewidth AB Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals exhibit different characteristics upon propagation through matter compared with narrow-band signals. The latter keeps a sinusoidal shape during different forms of signal propagation. The behavior of narrow-band signals does not apply to UWB signals in many cases. Presently, the possibilities for development of UWB signaling technology remain largely unexplored. Few applications have been developed due to strict regulations by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In this paper, we describe a series of experiments that have been carried out to determine the behavior of UWB signals and their properties. A transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna has been made for radiating UWB signals. A procedure for propagating UWB signals through a liquid medium of given salt concentration has been demonstrated, providing a basis for studying UWB signal propagation in biological matter. A new pulsewidth definition was adopted, which is suitable for propagated UWB signals. C1 [Selmic, Rastko R.; Challa, Shravan] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Mitra, Atindra] USAF, Res Lab, RF Sensor Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Simicevic, Neven] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Selmic, RR (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM rselmic@latech.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2022452 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 530OC UT WOS:000272601200027 ER PT J AU Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Oxley, ME Ross, TD AF Parker, David R. Gustafson, Steven C. Oxley, Mark E. Ross, Timothy D. TI Development of a Bayesian Framework for Determining Uncertainty in Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Estimates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Performance evaluation; performance metrics; receiver operating characteristic; ROC curves; uncertainty estimation; target detection ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; ROC CURVES; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; MODEL UNCERTAINTY; METAANALYSIS; ACCURACY; SENSITIVITY; REGRESSION; SYSTEMS; BOUNDS AB This research uses a Bayesian framework to develop probability densities for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curve is a discrimination metric that may be used to quantify how well a detection system classifies targets and nontargets. The degree of uncertainty in ROC curve formulation is a concern that previous research has not adequately addressed. This research formulates a probability density for the ROC curve and characterizes its uncertainty using confidence bands. Methods for the generation and characterization of the probability densities of the ROC curve are specified and demonstrated, where the initial analysis employs beta densities to model target and nontarget samples of detection system output. For given target and nontarget data, given functional forms of the data densities (such as beta density forms) and given prior densities of the form parameters, the methods developed here provide exact performance metric probability densities. C1 [Parker, David R.] Pacific AF, APO, AP 96266 USA. [Gustafson, Steven C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ross, Timothy D.] USAF, Res Lab Sensors Directorate, AFRL COMPASE Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, DR (reprint author), Pacific AF, PSC 3 Box 8097, APO, AP 96266 USA. EM davidparker@ieee.org; steven.gustafson@afit.edu; mark.oxley@afit.edu; timothy.ross@wpafb.af.mil NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 EI 1558-2191 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1109/TKDE.2009.50 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 520NO UT WOS:000271852200004 ER PT J AU Coates, GM Hopkinson, KM Graham, SR Kurkowski, SH AF Coates, Gregory M. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Graham, Scott R. Kurkowski, Stuart H. TI A Trust System Architecture for SCADA Network Security SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Computer network security; computer networks; power system security; supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) systems AB This paper discusses the use of a communications network security device, called a trust system, to enhance supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) security. The major goal of the trust system is to increase security with minimal impact on existing utility communication systems. A previous paper focused on the technical operation of the trust system by augmenting routers to protect User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based traffic. This paper concentrates on placing the trust system into a broader context, creates new trust system implementations to increase its flexibility, and demonstrates the trust system using TCP traffic. Specifically, the article expands on previous work in the following ways: 1) the article summarizes major threats against SCADA systems; 2) it discusses new trust system implementations, which allow the trust system to be used with a wider array of network-enabled equipment; 3) it discusses key SCADA security issues in the literature and shows how the trust system responds to such issues; 4) the paper shows the impact of the trust system when widely prevalent TCP/IP network communication is used; and 5) finally, the paper discusses a new hypothetical scenario to illustrate the protection that a trust system provides against insider threats. C1 [Coates, Gregory M.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Graham, Scott R.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coates, GM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gregory.coates@afit.edu; kenneth.hop-kinson@afit.edu; scott.graham@afit.edu; stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2034830 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 537TP UT WOS:000273137300017 ER PT J AU Wang, P Li, HB Himed, B AF Wang, Pu Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham TI A New Parametric GLRT for Multichannel Adaptive Signal Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Generalized likelihood ratio test; maximum likelihood estimation; parametric detection; space-time adaptive signal processing ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; MATCHED-FILTER; RADAR; MODELS; STAP AB A parametric generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for multichannel signal detection in spatially and temporally colored disturbance was recently introduced by modeling the disturbance as a multichannel autoregressive (AR) process. The detector, however, involves a highly nonlinear maximum likelihood estimation procedure, which was solved via a two-dimensional iterative search method initialized by a suboptimal estimator. In this paper, we present a simplified GLRT along with a new estimator for the problem. Both the estimator and the GLRT are derived in closed form at considerably lower complexity. With adequate training data, the new GLRT achieves a similar detection performance as the original one. However, for the more interesting case of limited training, the original GLRT may become inferior due to poor initialization. Because of its simpler form, the new GLRT also offers additional insight into the parametric multichannel signal detection problem. The performance of the proposed detector is assessed using both a simulated dataset, which was generated using multichannel AR models, and the KASSPER dataset, a widely used dataset with challenging heterogeneous effects found in real-world environments. C1 [Wang, Pu; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] USAF, Radar Signal Proc Technol Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM pwang4@stevens.edu; Hongbin.Li@stevens.edu; Himed@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Pu/I-7715-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-05-2-0001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0310] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8750-05-2-0001 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-09-1-0310. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1109/TSP.2009.2030835 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 533SB UT WOS:000272843900026 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP Solo, CJ Ulukus, MY AF Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. Solo, Christopher J. Ulukus, M. Yasin TI Semi-Markov models for degradation-based reliability SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Reliability; semi-Markov environment; phase-type distributions ID PERIODICALLY INSPECTED SYSTEMS; RESIDUAL-LIFE DISTRIBUTIONS; GENERAL DISTRIBUTIONS; TURBINE-BLADES; WEAR PROCESSES; AVAILABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; APPROXIMATIONS; SUBJECT; SHOCKS AB This article presents hybrid, degradation-based reliability models for a single-unit system whose degradation is driven by a semi-Markov environment. The primary objective is to develop a mathematical framework and associated computational techniques that unite environmental data and stochastic failure models to assess the current or future health of the system. By employing phase-type distributions, it is possible to construct a surrogate environment process that is amenable to analysis by exact Markovian techniques to obtain reliability estimates. The viability of the proposed approach and the quality of the approximations are demonstrated in two numerical experiments. The numerical results indicate that remarkably accurate lifetime distribution and moment approximations are attainable. C1 [Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P.; Ulukus, M. Yasin] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Solo, Christopher J.] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kharoufeh, JP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, 1048 Benedum Hall,3700 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jkharouf@pitt.edu; christopher.solo@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FQ8671-04-0-0359]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0856702] FX The authors are grateful for the comments and suggestions of two anonymous referees, the department editor, and Dr. Steven M. Cox. This research was sponsored, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FQ8671-04-0-0359) and the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0856702). NR 49 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X EI 1545-8830 J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PY 2010 VL 42 IS 8 BP 599 EP 612 AR PII 922532381 DI 10.1080/07408170903394371 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 602FL UT WOS:000278123800006 ER PT S AU Amphay, S Gray, D AF Amphay, Sengvieng Gray, David BE Bruzzone, L TI Infrared Stationary Object Acquisition and Moving Object Tracking SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XVI CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE autonomous object acquisition; stationary object detection; moving object acquisition; object tracking; autonomous object recognition; moving object indicator ID TARGET DETECTION; SAR; FUSION; RADAR AB Currently, there is much interest in developing electro-optic and infrared stationary and moving object acquisition and tracking algorithms for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) and other applications. Many of the existing EO/IR object acquisition and tracking techniques work well for good-quality images, when object parameters such as size are well-known. However, when dealing with noisy and distorted imagery many techniques are unable to acquire stationary objects nor acquire and track moving objects. This paper will discuss two inter-related problems: (1) stationary object detection and segmentation and (2) moving object acquisition and tracking in a sequence of images that are acquired via an IR sensor mounted on both stationary and moving platforms. 1. A stationary object detection and segmentation algorithm called "Weighted Adaptive Iterative Statistical Threshold (WAIST)" will be described. The WAIST algorithm takes any intensity image and separates object pixels from the background or clutter pixels. Two common image processing techniques are nearest neighbors clustering and statistical thresholding. The WAIST algorithm uses both techniques iteratively, making best use of both techniques. Statistical threshold takes advantage of the fact that object pixels will exist above a threshold based on the statistical properties of the known noise pixels in the image. The nearest neighbor technique takes advantage of the fact that when many neighboring pixels are known object pixels, the pixel in question is more likely to be a object pixel. The WAIST algorithm initializes the nearest neighbor parameters and statistical threshold parameters and adjusts them iteratively to converge to an optimal solution. Each iteration of the algorithm conservatively declares a pixel to be noise as the statistical threshold is raised. This algorithm has proven to segment objects of interest from noisy backgrounds and clutter. Results of the effort are presented. 2. For moving object detection and tracking we identify the challenges that the user faces in this problem; in particular, blind geo-registration of the acquired spatially-warped imagery and their calibration. For moving object acquisition and tracking we present an adaptive signal/image processing approach that utilizes multiple frames of the acquired imagery for geo-registration and sensor calibration. Our method utilizes a cost function to associate detected moving objects in adjacent frames and these results are used to identify the motion track of each moving object in the imaging scene. Results are presented using a ground-based panning IR camera. C1 [Amphay, Sengvieng; Gray, David] USAF, Res Lab, Integrated Sensing & Proc Sci Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Amphay, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Integrated Sensing & Proc Sci Branch, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8347-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7830 AR 783017 DI 10.1117/12.865605 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ36 UT WOS:000287764200039 ER PT S AU Rummelt, NI Wilson, JN AF Rummelt, Nicholas I. Wilson, Joseph N. BE Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Array Set Addressing: Making the World Safe for Hexagonal Imaging SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems VIII CY JAN 19-20, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE DE Hexagonal grid; hexagonal imaging; addressing; image processing AB It has been shown through various research efforts over the past few decades that there are numerous advantages to sampling images hexagonally rather than rectangularly. Despite the advantages, hexagonal imaging has not been generally accepted as being advantageous due to the lack of sensors that sample hexagonally, lack of displays for hexagonal images, and lack of an elegant addressing scheme. The advantages gained by sampling hexagonally are offset by the additional processing required to deal with the problems that are inherent with the previously proposed addressing schemes. Hence, there is insufficient motivation to develop sensors and displays that operate in the hexagonal domain. This paper introduces an addressing scheme, array set addressing, that solves the problems exhibited by other approaches. This new approach represents the hexagonal grid with a pair of rectangular arrays, supporting efficient linear algebra and image processing manipulation. Early results have shown that image processing techniques such as convolution, downsampling, calculating Euclidean distances, and vector arithmetic can be done with no more complexity than is required for processing rectangularly sampled images. C1 [Rummelt, Nicholas I.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Rummelt, NI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM nicholas.rummelt@eglin.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7925-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7532 AR 75320D DI 10.1117/12.838924 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BRT13 UT WOS:000283592400010 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Tuttle, RF Spencer, C AF Borel, Christoph C. Tuttle, Ronald F. Spencer, Clyde BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Improved panchromatic sharpening of multi-spectral image data SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XV CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Pan-sharpening; data fusion; image restoration; image quality AB In this paper we address six problems we have encountered when sharpening multi-spectral imagery (MSI) using panchromatic (PAN) images and describe methods we have developed to solve them. We also describe a PAN-sharpening method that can be used for hyper-spectral data where the PAN-band does not cover all spectral bands. In this paper we compare a number of currently used PAN-sharpening methods. The comparison is done (1) visually creating true and false color composites and (2) compute their radiometric fidelity with the Wang-Bovik quality index. C1 [Borel, Christoph C.; Tuttle, Ronald F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-308-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7812 AR 78120G DI 10.1117/12.863110 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BSU56 UT WOS:000285829200013 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Tuttle, RF AF Borel, Christoph C. Tuttle, Ronald F. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Improving the detectability of small spectral targets through spatial filtering SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XV CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE image sharpening; hyper-spectral cubes; Receiver Operator Characteristics; sub-pixel target detection AB In this paper we discuss our approach to winning entries to the RIT blind test competition. The image cube was preprocessed using a spatial filter that changed the sharpness and enhanced and isolated small point like features. This spatially sharpened cube was then processed using the ENVI hour glass algorithm and obtained high probability of detection and a small probability of false alarm for the blind test targets. In a simulation we quantified this result using metrics related to the Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. A hyper-spectral data cube was created and sub-pixel targets were inserted. We found that sharpening the hyper-spectral cube increases the number of correctly identified sub-pixel targets compared to no pre-processing. In particular the simple un-sharp masking filter generates excellent results. We propose that all sub-pixel target detection algorithms could benefit from sharpening of the spectral cube. C1 [Borel, Christoph C.; Tuttle, Ronald F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-308-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7812 AR 78120K DI 10.1117/12.863111 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BSU56 UT WOS:000285829200017 ER PT S AU Gross, KC Borel, C White, A Sakai, S DeVasher, R Perram, GP AF Gross, Kevin C. Borel, Chris White, Allen Sakai, Stephen DeVasher, Rebecca Perram, Glen P. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI First imaging Fourier-transform spectral measurements of detonation in an internal combustion engine SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XV CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS); internal combustion engine; detonation; interferogram processing; hyperspectral imagery; combustion diagnostic AB The Telops Hyper-Cam midwave (InSb 1.5-5.5 mu m) imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (IFTS) observed repeated detonations in an ethanol-powered internal combustion (IC) engine. The IC engine is a Megatech Corporation MEG 150 with a 1 in. bore, 4 in. stroke, and a compression ratio of 3 : 1. The IC combustion cylinder is made from sapphire permitting observation in the visible and infrared. From a distance of 3 m, the IFTS imaged the combustion cylinder on a 64x32 pixel array with each pixel covering a 0.1x0.1 cm(2) area. More than 14,000 interferograms were collected at a rate of 16Hz. The maximum optical path difference of the interferograms was 0.017cm corresponding to an unapodized spectral resolution of 36 cm(-1). Engine speed was varied between 600-1200 RPM to de-correlate the observation time scale from the occurrence of detonations. A method is devised to process the ensemble of interferograms which takes advantage of the DC component so that the time history of the combustion spectrum can be recovered at each pixel location. Preliminary results of this analysis will be presented. C1 [Gross, Kevin C.; Borel, Chris; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kevin.Gross@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-308-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7812 AR 78120J DI 10.1117/12.861336 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BSU56 UT WOS:000285829200016 ER PT B AU Breitzman, TD Larve, EV Ripberger, ER AF Breitzman, T. D. Larve, E. V. Ripberger, E. R. GP ASME TI OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A COMPOSITE SCARF REPAIR PATCH UNDER TENSILE LOADING SO IMECE2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB Mechanics of the composite scarf repair under tensile loading with and without overlay plies was examined for nontraditional patch ply orientations. Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis was performed for repair failure prediction and good baseline comparison for open-hole scarfed panels and panels repaired by using standard ply-by-ply replacement patch composition was achieved. Multidimensional optimization was performed to calculate the repair patch ply orientations which minimize the von Mises stresses in the adhesive. These optimal stacking sequences achieved significant reduction of the stress levels and resulted in predicted up to 75% and 85% strength restoration for flush and single ply thickness over-ply repair. These results are intended to illustrate additional design variables available for efficient composite repair design, namely the composition of the repair patch. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.; Ripberger, E. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4377-2 PY 2010 BP 447 EP 449 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRH72 UT WOS:000282724900060 ER PT B AU Wu, KY Yu, IS Wang, KY Cheng, HH Hung, KM Sun, G Soref, RA AF Wu, K. Y. Yu, I. S. Wang, K. Y. Cheng, H. H. Hung, K. M. Sun, G. Soref, R. A. BE Chu, PKI TI Si-based Resonant Tunneling Diodes for room temperature operation SO INEC: 2010 3RD INTERNATIONAL NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International NanoElectronics Conference (INEC)/Symposium on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in China CY JAN 03-08, 2010 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE HO City Univ Hong Kong ID FIELD AB We report a theoretical investigation on the electrical characteristic of n-type resonance tunneling diode for IV-TV compound. From the analysis, it shows that PVR ratio of the D4 band is significant larger than the D2 band as due to the much smaller effective mass of the D9 band. More importantly, a different structure is employed for room temperature operation and a reasonable PVR ratio is obtained which is desired for the application. C1 [Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Hanscom AFB, US Air Force, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM hhcheng@ntu.edu.tw NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3543-2 PY 2010 BP 1252 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQW82 UT WOS:000282026500637 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Pacley, SD Grazulis, L Fenstermaker, ST AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Pacley, S. D. Grazulis, L. Fenstermaker, S. T. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Study of strain balance in long wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb superlattice materials SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XVIII CY AUG 01-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID II SUPERLATTICES; MIDINFRARED DETECTION; DETECTORS AB The epitaxial growth parameters optimized for mid wavelength infrared (MWIR) InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) growth are not necessarily the best parameters for very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) SL growth. While the cutoff wavelength of the SL structure can be easily extended from a MWIR to a VLWIR spectral range by increasing InAs layer thickness with a fixed GaSb layer thickness, the structural and optical properties of SLs are changing as well, and these changes are not necessarily beneficial to the material quality of VLWIR SLs. For instance, tensile strain in the SL rapidly increases as InAs layer thickness increases. This impacts the interface growth processes used to strain balance the average lattice constant of the SL to match the GaSb substrate, the interface engineering in a VLWIR SL is very different than that in a MWIR SL. Using a baseline SL design of 16 monolayers (MLs) InAs/7 MLs GaSb, a systematic study of controlling the Sb/As background pressure and shutter sequence during interface formation was performed in order to minimize tensile strain in the VLWIR SLs. The effect of various shutter sequences on the SL morphological quality and their impact on optical spectral response is reported. By inserting 0.5 MLs of InSb-like interfaces, using a migration-enhance-epitaxy technique, in the baseline SL design, while maintaining a total SL period of 23 MLs, we achieved a high structural quality, strain balanced LWIR SL with a photoresponse onset at 15 mu m. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Pacley, S. D.; Grazulis, L.; Fenstermaker, S. T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8304-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7808 AR 780806 DI 10.1117/12.861172 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU80 UT WOS:000285836500005 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Elhamri, S Smith, HE Mahalingam, K Haugan, HJ Pacley, S Ullrich, B Szmulowicz, F AF Brown, G. J. Elhamri, S. Smith, H. E. Mahalingam, K. Haugan, H. J. Pacley, S. Ullrich, B. Szmulowicz, F. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Type-II Superlattice Materials Research at the Air Force Research Laboratory SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE InAs/GaSb; superlattices; infrared detectors ID INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; INFRARED DETECTORS; OPTIMIZATION AB Type-II superlattice (SL) materials research in the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory began in 1988. This materials system holds great promise as the III-V equivalent to HgCdTe alloys for infrared detection. Great progress has been made on the epitaxial growth of InAs/Ga(1-x)In(x)Sb superlattices in the past twenty years by a number of research groups. However, not all of the materials issues have been solved. To continue to resolve these limiting materials issues, basic superlattice materials, without photodiode fabrication, are used to characterize the impact of growth processes and SL design on the structural, electrical and optical properties. An integrated approach of theoretical modeling, in-house molecular beam epitaxy, and a host of materials measurement techniques is employed to study the optimization of the superlattices for infrared detection. In the past few years the majority of the samples grown in-house have been designed for the middle wavelength infrared (MWIR) band. However, there are challenges in applying MWIR SL growth optimization to longer wavelength SLs. Recent progress on understanding the complex interplay between InAs/GaSb superlattice composition and fundamental electrical and optical properties will be covered. C1 [Brown, G. J.; Smith, H. E.; Mahalingam, K.; Haugan, H. J.; Pacley, S.; Szmulowicz, F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76601H DI 10.1117/12.853630 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300049 ER PT S AU Macdonald, DJ Hawks, MR Gross, KC AF Macdonald, Douglas James Hawks, Michael R. Gross, Kevin C. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Passive Ranging Using Infra-Red Atmospheric Attenuation SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Passive Ranging; CO2 attenuation; Radiative Transport AB Methods of estimating range to an emissive target based on the depth of an atmospheric absorption band are presented. The present work uses measurements of the CO2 absorption band centered at 2.0 mu m where signal-to-background ratios are maximum for many applications. Observed spectra are compared to model spectra to estimate range. Spectral regions with minimal attenuation are used to estimate source parameters in order to isolate atmospheric transmission. The spectra of 21 high explosive events were used to test this technique. A simple technique treating the fireball as a blackbody consistently underestimated true range by approximately 13%. A more realistic source model using some order-of-magnitude assumptions of fireball composition reduces range error to 3%. The technique produces accurate results without requiring detailed knowledge of source parameters or atmospheric conditions. C1 [Macdonald, Douglas James; Hawks, Michael R.; Gross, Kevin C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Macdonald, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 766041 DI 10.1117/12.850154 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300136 ER PT J AU Alexander, CS Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF Chhabildas, LC AF Alexander, C. Scott Reinhart, William D. Thornhill, Tom F. Chhabildas, Lalit C. TI Armor Options: A Comparison of the Dynamic Response of Materials in the Aluminum Oxide-Aluminum Nitride Family SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COORS AD995 ALUMINA; SHOCK COMPRESSION; RELEASE PROPERTIES; SAPPHIRE; PHASE; OXYNITRIDE; STRENGTH; WAVE; GPA; SCATTERING AB For armor applications, ceramic materials are often useful due to their high dynamic strength. In some instances, in addition to high strength, the armor must also be transparent, which significantly limits the choices of materials. Materials in the aluminum oxide-aluminum nitride family (including Al(2)O(3) and AlON) are both strong and transparent. Only the end compound AlN is opaque. In this paper, the dynamic response to shock loading is examined for these materials to better understand the material response. Despite the chemical similarities, significant differences exist in the shock response and will be discussed. C1 [Alexander, C. Scott; Reinhart, William D.; Thornhill, Tom F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chhabildas, Lalit C.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin, FL 32542 USA. RP Alexander, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM calexa@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02488.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500004 ER PT J AU Gawron, VJ McMillan, GR Bailey, RE AF Gawron, Valerie J. McMillan, Grant R. Bailey, Randall E. TI The Effects of Time Delay and Physical Motion on Manual Flight Control: An In-Flight and Ground-Based Simulation Experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An experiment addressed the effects of time delay and physical motion on manual flight control and flying qualities ratings. Flight tasks were presented on a head-up display in a variable-stability NT-33A aircraft. Specified maneuvers were performed under simulated instrument meteorological conditions with variable signal delays added to the flight control system. To assess the effects of physical motion, the same experiment was replicated with the airplane parked on the ground using a digital aerodynamic simulation. Increasing time delay degraded tracking performance more in the no-motion ground-based simulation than in the full-motion in-flight simulation. Similar results occurred for flying qualities ratings. C1 [Gawron, Valerie J.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [McMillan, Grant R.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Bailey, Randall E.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Gawron, VJ (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7515 Colshire Dr M-S N420, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM vgawron@mitre.org NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 221 EP 248 AR PII 923935165 DI 10.1080/10508410105084142010487008 PG 28 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 622BP UT WOS:000279633800001 ER PT J AU Visbal, M AF Visbal, Miguel TI Simulation of Flow Control Using Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge Plasma Actuators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 SI SI BP 235 EP 235 AR PII 930113312 DI 10.1080/10618562.2010.539823 PG 1 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 685MQ UT WOS:000284633200001 ER PT J AU Visbal, MR AF Visbal, Miguel R. TI Strategies for control of transitional and turbulent flows using plasma-based actuators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE flow control; plasma actuators; transitional flows; large-eddy simulation; unsteady flows ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLUID-DYNAMICS; SCHEMES AB An exploratory numerical study of the control of transitional and turbulent separated flows by means of dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) actuators is presented. The flow fields are simulated employing a high-fidelity Navier-Stokes solver augmented with a phenomenological model representing the plasma-induced body forces imparted by the actuator on the fluid. Several applications are considered, including interaction of an actuator with a laminar boundary layer, suppression of wing stall, control of boundary layer transition on a plate, control of laminar separation over a ramp, and turbulent separation over a wall-mounted hump. Effective suppression of stall over a NACA 0015 airfoil at moderate Reynolds numbers is demonstrated using either co-flow or counter-flow actuators pulsed at a sufficiently high frequency. By contrast, continuous actuation is found to provide little control of separation. For a laminar boundary layer developing along a flat plate, a counter-flow DBD actuator is shown to provide an effective on-demand tripping device. This property is exploited for the suppression of laminar separation over a ramp. Control of turbulent boundary-layer separation over a wall-mounted hump suggests that once the flow is turbulent, control effectiveness is only achieved for higher actuator strengths with implications for the scalability of DBD devices to higher freestream velocities. C1 USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR; DoD HPC Shared Resource Center at AFRL FX This work was sponsored in part by AFOSR tasks monitored by Dr. J. Schmisseur and Dr. D. Smith, and by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Shared Resource Center at AFRL. The author is grateful to Drs. D. Gaitonde and S. Roy for several helpful discussions. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 SI SI BP 237 EP 258 AR PII 930020149 DI 10.1080/10618562.2010.533123 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 685MQ UT WOS:000284633200002 ER PT J AU Gadhamshetty, V Arudchelvam, Y Nirmalakhandan, N Johnson, DC AF Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana Arudchelvam, Yalini Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany Johnson, David C. TI Modeling dark fermentation for biohydrogen production: ADM1-based model vs. Gompertz model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE ADM1; Bioenergy; Biohydrogen; Dark fermentation; Modeling ID BIO-HYDROGEN PRODUCTION; VARIABLE STOICHIOMETRY; ADM1; PH AB Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation in batch reactors was modeled using the Gompertz equation and a model based on Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1). The ADM1 framework, which has been well accepted for modeling methane production by anaerobic digestion, was modified in this study for modeling hydrogen production. Experimental hydrogen production data from eight reactor configurations varying in pressure conditions, temperature, type and concentration of substrate, inocula source, and stirring conditions were used to evaluate the predictive abilities of the two modeling approaches. Although the quality of fit between the measured and fitted hydrogen evolution by the Gompertz equation was high in all the eight reactor configurations with r(2) similar to 0.98, each configuration required a different set of model parameters, negating its utility as a general approach to predict hydrogen evolution. On the other hand, the ADM1-based model (ADM1BM) with predefined parameters was able to predict COD, cumulative hydrogen production, as well as volatile fatty acids production, albeit at a slightly lower quality of fit. Agreement between the experimental temporal hydrogen evolution data and the ADM1BM predictions was statistically significant with r(2) > 0.91 and p-value <1E-04. Sensitivity analysis of the validated model revealed that hydrogen production was sensitive to only six parameters in the ADM1BM. (C) 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. [Arudchelvam, Yalini; Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Johnson, David C.] New Mexico State Univ, Inst Energy & Environm, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Gadhamshetty, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, 139 Barnes Dr, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. EM vgadhamshetty@fairpoint.net RI Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana/B-5609-2009; Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany/A-3071-2008 OI Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany/0000-0003-2002-909X FU office of Vice President for Research at New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation's CBET Division [0607175] FX This study was funded in part by the office of Vice President for Research at New Mexico State University and by the National Science Foundation's CBET Division, under Grant no 0607175. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.007 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 558DB UT WOS:000274719800009 ER PT J AU Hall, DJ Skipper, JB Hanna, JB AF Hall, Dianne J. Skipper, Joseph B. Hanna, Joe B. TI The mediating effect of comprehensive contingency planning on supply chain organisational flexibility SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flexibility; contingency planning; planning comprehensiveness; information technology; information sharing; PLS; mediation; supply chain disruptions ID MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY; EMPIRICAL-EXAMINATION; KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; RISK-MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; INFORMATION; PERSPECTIVE; LOGISTICS; DESIGN AB Uncertainty and disruptions often cause significant effects on businesses worldwide. As part of ever increasing efforts to combat these issues, many businesses seek to improve their organisational flexibility. This study examines three antecedents of organisational flexibility. A model was developed and then tested using survey data collected from field practitioners utilising PLS techniques. Based on the sample used, information sharing and the use of information technology both have a direct effect on organisational flexibility and are mediated by planning comprehensiveness. C1 [Hall, Dianne J.] Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Skipper, Joseph B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Hanna, Joe B.] Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Dept Aviat & Supply Chain Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hall, DJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dhall@auburn.edu NR 153 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-5567 J9 INT J LOGIST-RES APP JI Int. J. Logist.-Res. Appl. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 BP 291 EP 312 AR PII 924427551 DI 10.1080/13675561003749247 PG 22 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 626LF UT WOS:000279966800004 ER PT J AU Jenkins, CM Horie, Y Wu, CY AF Jenkins, Charles M. Horie, Yasuyuki Wu, Chang-Yu TI Particle velocity and structures in blast waves imaged using particle image velocimetry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE Blast wave particle flow; Heterogeneous explosive; PIV multiphase flow C1 [Jenkins, Charles M.; Horie, Yasuyuki] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Jenkins, Charles M.; Wu, Chang-Yu] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jenkins, CM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jenkins@eglin.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory at Eglin AFB; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); MIPR [07-2114 M] FX This work was sponsored by the US Air Force Research Laboratory at Eglin AFB and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), MIPR # rated for hands on PIV training and analysis support.07-2114 M. Thanks to Dr. Mike Murphy and Dr. Ron Adrian at ASU for clarification on details of their work, Dr. Stamatios Pothos, Dr. Dan Troolin and Dr. Tyson Strand at TSI Incorpo NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 88 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2009.08.004 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 534KT UT WOS:000272896200009 ER PT J AU Akins, RS Mark, RJ Anderson, PJ Nair, M Quick, D AF Akins, R. S. Mark, R. J. Anderson, P. J. Nair, M. Quick, D. TI Bexxar Protocol CP98-020: Radio-immunotherapy Results with I-131 Labeled Antibody in Patients with Follicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Median 5-year Results in 65 Cases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-For-Radiation-Oncology CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Radiation Oncol C1 [Akins, R. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Mark, R. J.; Anderson, P. J.; Nair, M.; Quick, D.] Joe Arrington Canc Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. [Mark, R. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 78 IS 3 SU S BP S552 EP S553 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 740EZ UT WOS:000288775701278 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Farris, KA AF Repperger, D. W. Farris, K. A. TI Stochastic resonance-a nonlinear control theory interpretation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonlinear dynamics; stochastic resonance; biological systems ID TO-NOISE RATIO; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; DESIGN; SIGNAL; STABILIZATION AB Stochastic resonance (SR) is an effect that has been known (Benzi, R., Sutera, A., and Vulpiani, A. (1981), 'The Mechanism of Stochastic Resonance', Journal of Physics, A14, L453-L457) for almost three decades and has been extensively studied in biology, statistics, signal processing and in numerous other eclectic areas (Wiesenfeld, K., and Moss, F. (1995), 'Stochastic Resonance and the Benefits of Noise: From Ice Ages to Crayfish and Squids', Nature, 373, 33-36). Herein, a nonlinear control theory analysis is conducted on how to better understand the class of systems that may exhibit the SR effect. Using nonlinear control theory methods, equilibrium points are manipulated to create the SR response (similar to shaping dynamical response in a phase plane). From this approach, a means of synthesising and designing the appropriate class of nonlinear systems is introduced. New types of nonlinear dynamics that demonstrate the SR effects are discovered, which may have utility in control theory as well as in many diverse applications. A numerical simulation illustrates some powerful attributes of these systems. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Farris, K. A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Farris, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHCV, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM katheryn.farris@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 7 BP 897 EP 907 AR PII 922879604 DI 10.1080/00207720903494692 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 609IA UT WOS:000278648300013 ER PT S AU Gilgenbach, RM Jones, MC Jordan, NM Johnston, MD Hoff, BW Lau, YY AF Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Jones, M. C. Jordan, N. M. Johnston, M. D. Hoff, B. W. Lau, Y. Y. BE Phipps, CR TI High Current Cathodes Fabricated by KrF Laser Ablation SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010 CY APR 18-22, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Gen Dynam Informat Technol (GDIT), US Air Force Off Sci Res, Aegis Technol Microsystems Grp, Am Inst Phys DE laser ablation; cathodes AB In this paper we review several high power laser ablation techniques that have been utilized to fabricate high current (1-80 kA) electron beam cathodes for accelerators and microwave sources: I) Projection Ablation Lithography (PAL) cathodes, 2) Ablation Line Focus (ALF) cathodes, and 3) Metal-Oxide-Junction (MOJ) cathodes. Laser-ablative micromachining techniques (PAL and ALF) have been utilized to generate micron-scale features on metal substrates that provide electric field (beta) enhancement for Fowler-Nordheim emission and plasma cathodes. Since these laser-ablated patterns are directly, laser-written on the substrate metal they exhibit much higher thermal conductivity for higher current capability and increased damage thresholds. Metal-Oxide-Junction (MOJ) cathodes exploit the triple-point electron emission that occurs at the interface between metal, insulator and vacuum. The ablation laser is a KrF excimer laser with a pulse energy of 600 mJ and pulselength of 20 ns. Cathode experiments were performed on the MELBA-C accelerator: V = -300 kV, pulselength = 0.5 microsecond. Data will be presented for PAL, ALF and MOJ cathodes. C1 [Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jones, M. C.; Johnston, M. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Jordan, N. M.] Cybernet Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Hoff, B. W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Gilgenbach, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU AFOSR; Sandia National Labs; L-3 Communications; Northrop Grumman FX Research supported by AFOSR, Sandia National Labs, L-3 Communications Electron Devices and Northrop Grumman. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0828-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1278 BP 148 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3507098 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BTK88 UT WOS:000287183900015 ER PT S AU Noren, C Ortiz, T Wilkinson, M Klennert, W Madden, T Chan, R Behrens, HW Walter, R AF Noren, Carrie Ortiz, Theodore Wilkinson, Michael Klennert, Wade Madden, Timothy Chan, Richard Behrens, H. Wilhelm Walter, Robert BE Phipps, CR TI Experimental and Computational Investigation of a Gas Laser Pressure Recovery System Diffuser SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010 CY APR 18-22, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Gen Dynam Informat Technol (GDIT), US Air Force Off Sci Res, Aegis Technol Microsystems Grp, Am Inst Phys DE pressure recovery; COIL; gas lasers; diffusers ID COIL AB A diffuser, with the purpose of efficiently recovering pressure from a gas laser system, was designed and studied. A diffuser, as part of a pressure recovery system, is used in a gas laser system to transition the laser cavity's low pressure to the ambient pressure outside the device. The diffuser studied here is made up of a constant-area supersonic section and a diverging subsonic section. The diffuser is studied experimentally with pressure measurements and is modeled with 3-D CFD. C1 [Noren, Carrie; Ortiz, Theodore; Wilkinson, Michael; Klennert, Wade; Madden, Timothy] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Chan, Richard; Behrens, H. Wilhelm] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Walter, Robert] Schafer Corporat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Noren, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0828-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1278 BP 230 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3507108 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BTK88 UT WOS:000287183900024 ER PT S AU Miller, WS Sulham, CV Holtgrave, JC Perram, GP AF Miller, Wooddy S. Sulham, Clifford V. Holtgrave, Jeremy C. Perram, Glen P. BE Phipps, CR TI Recycle Rate in a Pulsed, Optically Pumped Rubidium Laser SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010 CY APR 18-22, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Gen Dynam Informat Technol, US Air Force Off Sci Res, Aegis Technol Microsystems Grp, Am Inst Phys DE DPAL; optically pumped rubidium laser; laser kinetics ID VAPOR LASER AB A pulsed, optically pumped rubidium laser operating in analogy to the diode pumped alkali laser (OPAL) system at pump intensities as high as 750 kW/cm(2) has been demonstrated with output energies of up to 13 mu J/pulse. Output energy is dramatically limited by spin-orbit relaxation rates under these high intensity pump conditions. More than 250 photons are available for every rubidium atom in the pumped volume, requiring a high number of cycles per atom during the 2 - 8 ns duration of the pump pulse. At 550 Torr of ethane, the spin-orbit relaxation rate is too slow to effectively utilize all the incident pump photons. Indeed, a linear dependence of output energy on pump pulse duration for fixed pump energy is demonstrated. C1 [Miller, Wooddy S.; Sulham, Clifford V.; Holtgrave, Jeremy C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, WS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0828-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1278 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1063/1.3507135 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BTK88 UT WOS:000287183900048 ER PT S AU Hager, GD Perram, GP AF Hager, Gordon D. Perram, Glen P. BE Phipps, CR TI A Three Level Analytic Model for Alkali Vapor Lasers SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010 CY APR 18-22, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Gen Dynam Informat Technol, US Air Force Off Sci Res, Aegis Technol Microsystems Grp, Am Inst Phys DE DPAL; optically pumped rubidium laser; laser kinetics; analytic model ID PUMPED CS LASER; DIODE ARRAY; RUBIDIUM; POWER AB A three level analytic model for optically pumped alkali metal vapor lasers is developed considering the steady-state rate equations for the longitudinally averaged number densities of the ground (2)S(1/2) and first excited (2)P(1/2) and (2)P(3/2) states. The threshold pump intensity includes both the requirements to fully bleach the pump transition and exceed optical losses, typically about 200 W/cm(2). Slope efficiency depends critically on the fraction of incident photons absorbed and the overlap of pump and resonator modes, approaching the quantum efficiency of 0.95-0.98, depending on alkali atom. For efficient operation, the collisional relaxation between the two upper levels should be fast relative to stimulated emission. By assuming a statistical distribution between the upper levels, the limiting analytic solution for the quasi-two level system is achieved. Application of the model and comparisons to recent laser demonstrations is presented. C1 [Hager, Gordon D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hager, GD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0828-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1278 BP 472 EP 481 DI 10.1063/1.3507136 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BTK88 UT WOS:000287183900049 ER PT S AU Lange, MA Pitz, GA Perram, GP AF Lange, Matthew A. Pitz, Greg A. Perram, Glen P. BE Phipps, CR TI Effect of Residence Time on Singlet Oxygen Production in Microwave and RF Discharges SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010 CY APR 18-22, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Gen Dynam Informat Technol, US Air Force Off Sci Res, Aegis Technol Microsystems Grp, Am Inst Phys DE singlet oxygen; kinetics; microwave and radio frequency discharge; yield; oxygen iodine laser ID DELTA-OXYGEN; ELECTRIC-DISCHARGE; IODINE LASER; PLASMA; GENERATOR; O-2; ACTINOMETRY; TRANSITION; MIXTURES AB The evolution of singlet oxygen inside both microwave and RF discharges of pure oxygen has been observed for residence times of 0.1 - 2 ms, achieving a steady value within I ms. The corresponding limiting yields decrease inversely with oxygen pressure in the range 2 - 8 Torr. A kinetic analysis is presented suggesting a second order process for the deactivation of O-2(a) that scales with electron number density. The pseudo first order decay rates in a microwave discharge are high, similar to 6,000 s(-1), and slower in an RF discharge, 300-500 s(-1). In both cases the decay rate is independent of oxygen pressure and flow rate. The role of vibrationally excited ground state oxygen is largely unexplored and may offers one possible mechanism. The results are consistent with a three-body atomic oxygen reaction only if the electron number density increases with oxygen pressure, in contradiction to the reported modeling results. C1 [Lange, Matthew A.; Pitz, Greg A.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lange, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0828-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1278 BP 482 EP 491 DI 10.1063/1.3507137 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BTK88 UT WOS:000287183900050 ER PT S AU Guild, EM Anderson, MD Perram, GP AF Guild, Eric M. Anderson, Monte D. Perram, Glen P. BE Phipps, CR TI Frequency Dependant Optical Delay With Gain In A Cesium Diode Pumped Alkali Laser System SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010 CY APR 18-22, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Gen Dynam Informat Technol, US Air Force Off Sci Res, Aegis Technol Microsystems Grp, Am Inst Phys DE alkali vapor; slow light; cesium AB Optical delays are observed for a pulse propagating through hot cesium vapor in the vicinity of peak absorption features. By tuning the pulse frequency across the absorption spectrum +/-20 GHz, delays up to 66 ns have been observed. In this experiment pulse delays are captured using a gated imaging camera system across the cesium D(2) spectrum and compared to delay predictions. C1 [Guild, Eric M.; Anderson, Monte D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guild, EM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0828-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1278 BP 743 EP 748 DI 10.1063/1.3507167 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BTK88 UT WOS:000287183900077 ER PT J AU Buchanan, DJ John, R Brockman, RA Rosenberger, AH AF Buchanan, Dennis J. John, Reji Brockman, Robert A. Rosenberger, Andrew H. TI A Coupled Creep Plasticity Model for Residual Stress Relaxation of a Shot-peened Nickel-based Superalloy SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS AB Shot peening is a commonly used surface treatment process that imparts compressive residual stresses into the surface of metal components. Compressive residual stresses retard initiation and growth of fatigue cracks. During component loading history. shot-peened residual stresses may change due to thermal exposure, creep, and cyclic loading. In these instances, taking full credit for compressive residual stresses would result in a nonconservative life prediction. This article describes a methodical approach for characterizing and modeling residual stress relaxation under elevated temperature loading. near and above the monotonic yield strength of IN100. The model incorporates the dominant creep deformation mechanism, coupling between the creep and plasticity models, and effects of prior plastic strain to simulate surface treatment deformation. C1 [Buchanan, Dennis J.; John, Reji; Brockman, Robert A.; Rosenberger, Andrew H.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchanan, Dennis J.; Brockman, Robert A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.buchanan@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 542ZJ UT WOS:000273538000015 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. TI Adhesive Elastic-Plastic Microcontact Analysis of Truncated Cylinder-on-Flat with Asperities SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multi-asperity contact; elastic-plastic deformation; adhesion force ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ROUGH SURFACES; CONTACT ANALYSIS; SPHERES; MODEL; DEFORMATION AB Adhesion interaction during micro-contacts of deformable rough bodies is characterized in this study using finite element based methodology. The interacting bodies are a truncated cylinder and a flat. Surfaces roughness is simulated by multiple asperities on a cylindrical segment. Lennard-Jones potential methodology is used to calculate adhesion forces by volume integration over the contacting bodies as well as over all asperities, both undeformed and deformed. Cylindrical segment of the asperity is deformed basically in two cylindrical segments. The flat body is deformed the least at the center and maximum at the outer portion of contact width, causing concave bending of the upper body with multi-asperity interfaces. Radius of asperities decreases from the center to outer periphery along the contact width. Adhesion force at each asperity is minimum at the center and maximum at the outer portion of the contact width in the deformed state after complete unloading. The total adhesion force between all asperities and lower body depends on number of asperities, and its maximum value decreases after deformation and occurs at separation distance greater than that for undeformed contact. Its maximum value increases with increasing number of asperities for the undeformed state and decreases with increasing number of asperities for the deformed state. On the other hand, total adhesion force between asperities, truncated cylindrical body and lower body increases with increasing number of asperities for both undeformed and deformed states due to the contribution of truncated segment/lower body interaction, and its location shifts towards the center of contact with increasing number of asperities. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 C1 [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabelkin, V.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU US Air Force FX The support of this study from the US Air Force is appreciated. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 407 EP 427 DI 10.1163/016942409X12541266699590 PG 21 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 553PE UT WOS:000274378500011 ER PT J AU Gilbert, KW Mall, S Leedy, KD AF Gilbert, Kevin W. Mall, Shankar Leedy, Kevin D. TI Characterization of Gold-Gold Microcontact Behavior Using a Nanoindenter Based Setup SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Micro-contact; nanoindenter; gold; MEMS switch; contact resistance; adhesion force ID MEMS-SWITCHES; CONTACT; METAL; RESISTANCE AB Gold-gold microcontact behavior of MEMS switches under cycling and hot-switching conditions was characterized experimentally. A nanoindenter based experimental setup was developed where a cantilever beam with contact bump was cycled in and out of physical contact with a flat plate to simulate the action of a MEMS ohmic contact switch. This arrangement offered a simple method to simulate MEMS switches with minimum fabrication effort. Cantilever beam and flat plate were fabricated from silicon, and then sputter coated with 300 nm of gold as the contact material. All contacts failed in adhesion with lifetimes ranging from 10 000 to more than one million cycles. Three failure mechanisms of the contacting surfaces were observed: ductile separation, delamination and brittle separation with short (less than 70 000 cycles), mid (190 000-500 000 cycles) and long (more than one million cycles) life, respectively. Resistance, contact adhesion, threshold force and distance, strain hardening, and plastic deformation were monitored during cycling. Initial contamination of the contact was burnt out quickly during cycling which resulted in a constant threshold force. Contact resistance was practically constant during the cycling in all tests. Time-dependent and plastic deformations of the contact were observed, and these were initially large which then decreased to a constant value with cycling. Thus, elastic-viscoplastic material model(s) with strain hardening capability are needed for the analysis of gold-gold microcontact. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 C1 [Mall, Shankar] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Leedy, Kevin D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 15-16 BP 2597 EP 2615 DI 10.1163/016942410X508235 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 679HR UT WOS:000284153000017 ER PT J AU Wowczuk, ZS Pertl, ED Clarke, MA Smith, JE Bjorge, S McNutt, R AF Wowczuk, Zenovy S. Pertl, Emily D. Clarke, Mary Ann Smith, James E. Bjorge, Scott McNutt, Ross TI Complete Command, Control, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance System for C-130 Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Utilization of existing airframes for multi-mission capabilities has become a driving factor for defense agency sponsored research and development work. This concept stems from the obvious cost and versatility discrepancy between development of specialized aircraft for specific mission use and development of nonpermanent add-on componentry for existing aircraft. A well established and used aircraft that can benefit from nonpermanent add-on components is the C-130. With over 50 years of military theater use and well over 2000 units produced, the C-130 aircraft has both multi-agency availability and multi-mission capability to benefit from this concept. The proposed dual agency system concentrates on mission use relating to both high and low altitude surveillance and reconnaissance. The base structure of the system is a sensor deployment platform (Oculus) developed at West Virginia University and the data generation/collection/interpretation component of the system which was developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Each system is described individually in depth along with their role in association together. In collaboration the dual organization system provides military defense agency's with the first nonpermanent, mobile Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance aircraft system. C1 [Wowczuk, Zenovy S.; Pertl, Emily D.; Smith, James E.] W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Ctr Ind Res Applicat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Clarke, Mary Ann] W Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Ind Res Applicat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bjorge, Scott] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Analyt Mech Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wowczuk, ZS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Ctr Ind Res Applicat, POB 6106, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM james.smith@mail.wvu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 6 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.2514/1.27547 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 619CG UT WOS:000279405900002 ER PT J AU Cizmas, PGA Gargoloff, JI Strganac, TW Beran, PS AF Cizmas, Paul G. A. Gargoloff, Joaquin I. Strganac, Thomas W. Beran, Philip S. TI Parallel Multigrid Algorithm for Aeroelasticity Simulations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATION; EULER EQUATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; PREDICTION; FIGHTER; FLOW AB This paper presents the development of a multigrid parallel algorithm for a nonlinear aeroelastic analysis. The aeroelastic model consists of 1) a nonlinear structural model that captures in-plane, out-of-plane, and torsional couplings; 2) an unsteady viscous aerodynamic model that captures compressible flow effects for transonic flows with shock/boundary-layer interaction; and 3) a solution methodology that assures a tightly coupled solution of the nonlinear structure and the fluid flow, including a consistent geometric interface between the highly deforming structure and the flowfield. A domain-decomposition parallel computation algorithm based on a message-passing interface was developed for the flow solver. A three-level multigrid algorithm was implemented in the flow solver to further reduce the computational time. A grid generation and deformation algorithm was developed concurrently with the flow solver in order to improve the efficiency of the computation. The grid deformation methodology kept the mesh topology unchanged as the structure deformed. Consequently, it was not necessary for either the parallel computation or the multigrid algorithm to update their communication pointers while the structure deformed. The validation of the numerical solver was done using experimental results of the F-5 wing. The aeroelastic solver was then used to assess the effect of structural nonlinearities on the aeroelastic response of the heavy Goland wing. C1 [Cizmas, Paul G. A.; Gargoloff, Joaquin I.; Strganac, Thomas W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Beran, Philip S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cizmas, PGA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.2514/1.40201 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 555AP UT WOS:000274479500005 ER PT J AU Black, JT Pitcher, NA Reeder, MF Maple, RC AF Black, Jonathan T. Pitcher, Nathan A. Reeder, Mark F. Maple, Raymond C. TI Videogrammetry Dynamics Measurements of a Lightweight Flexible Wing in a Wind Tunnel SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 50th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY MAY 02-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID MICRO AIR VEHICLE; DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; KINEMATICS; MODEL AB Videogrammetry is a measurement technique well suited to characterizing lightweight, flexible wings in wind-tunnel testing. It is noncontact, full field, and can capture the large-amplitude deflections experienced by the wings. Here videogrammetry is used to analyze the spectral content of the motion of a flexible Nighthawk mini-unmanned aerial vehicle wing and animate the operating deflection shapes of the wing corresponding to structural resonance frequencies. The wing was tested at angles of attack ranging from -5 to 13 deg and wind speeds ranging from 20 to 40 mph. Results show that the flexible wing tends to experience flapping behavior at frequencies much lower than structural resonance at low angles of attack. This behavior is confirmed by the spectral content of the wing displacements and the corresponding animated deflection shapes. This analysis uses videogrammetry data in the spectral analysis and visualization of resonance shapes. The data are necessary to validate numerical models of the wings, understand complicated membrane-structure interactions, and optimize wing performance in different flight regimes. C1 [Black, Jonathan T.; Reeder, Mark F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pitcher, Nathan A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate,Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Black, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.2514/1.44545 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 555AP UT WOS:000274479500017 ER PT J AU Riemenschneider, L Woo, MH Wu, CY Lundgren, D Wander, J Lee, JH Li, HW Heimbuch, B AF Riemenschneider, L. Woo, M. -H. Wu, C. -Y. Lundgren, D. Wander, J. Lee, J. -H. Li, H. -W. Heimbuch, B. TI Characterization of reaerosolization from impingers in an effort to improve airborne virus sampling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation; impinger; reaerosolization; sampling; virus ID COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES; CONTAINING AEROSOLS; MICROORGANISMS; AGGREGATION; DEPOSITION; POLIOVIRUS; PARTICLES; IMPACTION; REOVIRUS; CAPTURE AB Aims: To assess the impact of reaerosolization from liquid impingement methods on airborne virus sampling. Methods and Results: An AGI-30 impinger containing particles [MS2 bacteriophage or 30-nm polystyrene latex (PSL)] of known concentration was operated with sterile air. Reaerosolized particles as a function of sampling flow rate and particle concentration in the impinger collection liquid were characterized using a scanning mobility particle sizer. Reaerosolization from the impinger was also compared to that from a BioSampler. Results show that reaerosolization increases as flow rate increases. While the increased particle concentration in the impinger collection liquid leads to an increase in the reaerosolization of PSL particles, it does not necessarily lead to an increase in the reaerosolization of virus particles. Reaerosolization of virus particles begins to decrease as the particle concentration in the impinger collection liquid rises above 106 PFU ml-1. This phenomenon results from aggregation of viral particles at high concentrations. Compared with micron-sized particles, nanosized virus particles are easier to aerosolize because of reduced inertia. Reaerosolization from the BioSampler is demonstrated to be significantly less than that from the impinger. Conclusions: Reaerosolization from impingement sampling methods is a mode of loss in airborne virus sampling, although it is not as significant a limitation as the primary particle size of the aerosol. Utilizing a BioSampler coupled with short sampling periods to prevent high accumulative concentrations can minimize the impact of reaerosolization. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study confirms reaerosolization of virus particles to be a mode of loss in impingement sampling and identifies methods to minimize the loss. C1 [Riemenschneider, L.; Woo, M. -H.; Wu, C. -Y.; Lundgren, D.; Lee, J. -H.; Li, H. -W.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wander, J.; Heimbuch, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cywu@ufl.edu FU US Air Force [FA8650-06-C-5913] FX This project was partially funded by the US Air Force (Project No. FA8650-06-C-5913). Authors are grateful to Jacqueline Hodge of Air Force Research Laboratory for her assistance in laboratory experiments. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04425.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 531IA UT WOS:000272656800033 PM 20002911 ER PT J AU Bailey, CA Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Duning, MM Bricker, RL Sutherland, RL White, TJ Durstock, MF Bunning, TJ AF Bailey, C. A. Tondiglia, V. P. Natarajan, L. V. Duning, M. M. Bricker, R. L. Sutherland, R. L. White, T. J. Durstock, M. F. Bunning, T. J. TI Electromechanical tuning of cholesteric liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beams (structures); cholesteric liquid crystals; elasticity; electromechanical effects; nematic liquid crystals; plates (structures); refractive index AB The electrical tuning of negative dielectric anisotropy (-Delta epsilon) cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) under the influence of ac and dc electric fields was studied. Unlike (+Delta epsilon) CLCs, these materials align their helical axis along the applied electric field, allowing the preservation of the optical band gap. Our results show band gap shifts greater than 20% of the original notch position with little change in the quality of the band gap, including the bandwidth and notch depth. These results can be understood by using an electromechanical model, which shows that the Maxwell's stresses are sufficiently strong to distort the ITO glass substrates. Simple beam and plate elasticity theory is shown to adequately describe the observed behavior. The electromechanical effect is then used to create CLC cells, which can both red and blue tune. This mechanism may have interesting applications in tunable optical filters, optical pressure/stress sensors, and tunable laser technologies. C1 [Bailey, C. A.; Duning, M. M.; White, T. J.; Durstock, M. F.; Bunning, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Tondiglia, V. P.; Natarajan, L. V.; Sutherland, R. L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bailey, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council FX Special thanks should be extended to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the National Research Council for the financial support of this work. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 013105 DI 10.1063/1.3270410 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600005 ER PT J AU Jindra, NM Goddard, D Imholte, M Thomas, RJ AF Jindra, Nichole M. Goddard, Douglas Imholte, Michelle Thomas, Robert J. TI Epidermal laser stimulation of action potentials in the frog sciatic nerve SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE neural stimulation; sciatic nerve; neodyium yttrium aluminum garnet; erbium:glass; infrared; action potential ID SKIN AB Measurements of laser-stimulated action potentials in the sciatic nerve of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) are made using two infrared lasers. The dorsal sides of the frog's hind limbs are exposed to short-pulsed 1540- and 1064-nm wavelengths at three separate spot sizes: 2, 3, and 4 mm. Energy density thresholds are determined for eliciting an action potential at each experimental condition. Results from these exposures show similar evoked potential thresholds for both wavelengths. The 2-mm-diam spot sizes yield action potentials at radiant exposure levels almost double that seen with larger beam sizes. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3292014] C1 [Jindra, Nichole M.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Goddard, Douglas; Imholte, Michelle] Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Jindra, NM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM nikki.jindra@yahoo.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Northrop Grumman Information Technologies [F41624-02-D-7003]; Pittsburg State University FX The authors would like to thank Manuel Figueroa for his valuable assistance. His work was crucial to getting this project started. We would also like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Northrop Grumman Information Technologies (contract number F41624-02-D-7003) and Pittsburg State University for their support. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1117/1.3292014 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 586VY UT WOS:000276944200026 PM 20210442 ER PT J AU Pettit, TJ Fiksel, J Croxton, KL AF Pettit, Timothy J. Fiksel, Joseph Croxton, Keely L. TI ENSURING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE Disruptions; Resilience; Risk management; Supply chain management ID MANAGEMENT AB In a world of turbulent change, resilience is a key competency since even the most carefully designed supply chain is susceptible to unforeseen events. This article presents a new Supply Chain Resilience Framework to help businesses deal with change. The conceptual framework is based on extant literature and refined through a focus group methodology. Our findings suggest that supply chain resilience can be assessed in terms of two dimensions: vulnerabilities and capabilities. The Zone of Resilience is defined as the desired balance between vulnerabilities and capabilities, where it is proposed that firms will be the most profitable in the long term. We identified seven vulnerability factors composed of 40 specific attributes and 14 capability factors from 71 attributes that facilitate the measurement of resilience. The article concludes with managerial implications and recommendations for future research. C1 [Pettit, Timothy J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Fiksel, Joseph] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Resilience, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Croxton, Keely L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mkt & Logist, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pettit, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. EM timothy.pettit@afit.edu NR 66 TC 107 Z9 115 U1 12 U2 69 PU CSCMP-COUNCIL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS PI LOMBARD PA 333 E BUTTERFIELD RD, STE 140, LOMBARD, IL 60148-5617 USA SN 0735-3766 J9 J BUS LOGIST JI J. Bus. Logist. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP + PG 22 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 592HG UT WOS:000277368500001 ER PT J AU Branan, D Morgan, M AF Branan, Daniel Morgan, Matt TI Mini-Lab Activities: Inquiry-Based Lab Activities for Formative Assessment SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE C1 [Branan, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Morgan, Matt] Hamline Univ, Dept Chem, St Paul, MN 55104 USA. RP Branan, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.branan@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1021/ed8000073 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 535FT UT WOS:000272953400019 ER PT J AU Berzins, DW Abey, S Costache, MC Wilkie, CA Roberts, HW AF Berzins, D. W. Abey, S. Costache, M. C. Wilkie, C. A. Roberts, H. W. TI Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Setting Reaction Competition SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE resin-modified glass ionomer; polymerization; acid-base reaction; thermal analysis ID POLYACID NEUTRALIZATION KINETICS; DENTAL RESINS; LINER BASE; CEMENTS; POLYMERIZATION; DEGRADATION; RELEASE; STRENGTH; FTIR; BIOCOMPATIBILITY AB Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) set by at least 2 mechanisms dependent upon reactant diffusion prior to gelation. Each reaction's kinetics and setting mechanism may rely on and/or compete with the other. In this study, we investigated RMGI setting reaction interactions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by varying light-cure initiation times. A RMGI was analyzed with isothermal and dynamic temperature scan DSC with light-curing occurring immediately, or at 5 or 10 minutes after mixing as well as without light-activation. Results show that as time allowed for the acid-base reaction increased, the light-activation polymerization exotherm decreased. Conversely, analysis of DSC data suggests that earlier light-activation may limit the acid-base reaction and result in a different structured material. During early RMGI development, acid-base and light-polymerization reactions compete with and inhibit one another. C1 [Roberts, H. W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Berzins, D. W.; Abey, S.] Marquette Univ, Sch Dent, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Costache, M. C.; Wilkie, C. A.] Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM howard.roberts@med.navy.mil RI Costache, Marius/B-4068-2012 OI Costache, Marius/0000-0002-1640-8671 FU NIH/NIDCR [DE015282] FX The authors thank GC America for providing materials. This project was supported by NIH/NIDCR R25 grant DE015282. The views expressed in this manuscript are expressly those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the US Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1177/0022034509355919 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 530SG UT WOS:000272612000014 PM 19966038 ER PT J AU Moore, EA Yeo, YK Gruen, GJ Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL AF Moore, E. A. Yeo, Y. K. Gruen, G. J. Ryu, Mee-Yi Hengehold, R. L. TI Temperature-Dependent Studies of Si-Implanted Al0.33Ga0.67N with Different Annealing Temperatures and Times SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; Hall-effect measurements; implantation; electrical activation; mobility; cathodoluminescence ID OHMIC CONTACTS; ALXGA1-XN; GAN; ACTIVATION; HEMTS; ALGAN AB Electrical activation studies were carried out on Si-implanted Al0.33Ga0.67N as a function of ion dose, annealing temperature, and annealing time. The samples were implanted at room temperature with Si ions at 200 keV in doses ranging from 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), and subsequently proximity-cap annealed from 1150A degrees C to 1350A degrees C for 20 min to 60 min in a nitrogen environment. One hundred percent electrical activation efficiency was obtained for Al0.33Ga0.67N samples implanted with a dose of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) after annealing at either 1200A degrees C for 40 min or at 1300A degrees C for 20 min. The samples implanted with doses of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) and 5 x 10(14) cm(-2) exhibited significant activations of 74% and 90% after annealing for 20 min at 1300A degrees C and 1350A degrees C, respectively. The mobility increased as the annealing temperature increased from 1150A degrees C to 1350A degrees C, showing peak mobilities of 80 cm(2)/V s, 64 cm(2)/V s, and 61 cm(2)/V s for doses of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2), 5 x 10(14) cm(-2), and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), respectively. Temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements showed that most of the implanted layers were degenerately doped. Cathodoluminescence measurements for all samples exhibited a sharp neutral donor-bound exciton peak at 4.08 eV, indicating excellent recovery of damage caused by ion implantation. C1 [Moore, E. A.; Yeo, Y. K.; Gruen, G. J.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. RP Moore, EA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government [KRF-2008-314-D00249]; United States Air Force; Department of Defense; United States Government FX The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Silversmith of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work. This work was also partially supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-314-D00249). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0948-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 541GG UT WOS:000273402700004 ER PT J AU Krishnan, B Kotamraju, SP Melnychuk, G Das, H Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Krishnan, B. Kotamraju, S. P. Melnychuk, G. Das, H. Merrett, J. N. Koshka, Y. TI Heavily Aluminum-Doped Epitaxial Layers for Ohmic Contact Formation to p-Type 4H-SiC Produced by Low-Temperature Homoepitaxial Growth SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Low-temperature epitaxial growth; halo-carbon; ohmic contact; aluminum doping ID MORPHOLOGY AB In this work, heavily aluminum (Al)-doped layers for ohmic contact formation to p-type SiC were produced by utilizing the high efficiency of Al incorporation during the epitaxial growth at low temperature, previously demonstrated by the authors' group. The low-temperature halo-carbon epitaxial growth technique with in situ trimethylaluminum (TMA) doping was used. Nearly featureless epilayer morphology with an Al atomic concentration exceeding 3 x 10(20) cm(-3) was obtained after growth at 1300A degrees C with a growth rate of 1.5 mu m/h. Nickel transfer length method (TLM) contacts with a thin adhesion layer of titanium (Ti) were formed. Even prior to contact annealing, the as-deposited metal contacts were almost completely ohmic, with a specific contact resistance of 2 x 10(-2) Omega cm(2). The specific contact resistance was reduced to 6 x 10(-5) Omega cm(2) by employing a conventional rapid thermal anneal (RTA) at 750A degrees C. Resistivity of the epitaxial layers better than 0.01 Omega cm was measured for an Al atomic concentration of 2.7 x 10(20) cm(-3). C1 [Krishnan, B.; Kotamraju, S. P.; Melnychuk, G.; Das, H.; Koshka, Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Melnychuk, G.] BarSiC Semicond LLC, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Merrett, J. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnan, B (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Box 9571, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECS0622184, IIP-0839748.] FX The authors are grateful to SemiSouth Laboratories, Inc. for providing contact metal deposition and annealing services. This work was supported by National Science Foundation, Grant Nos. ECS0622184 and IIP-0839748. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0953-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 541GG UT WOS:000273402700006 ER PT J AU Grimm, JW AF Grimm, Jason Wade TI EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP: MAKING THE DIFFERENCE SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Article C1 [Grimm, Jason Wade] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Grimm, JW (reprint author), USAF NC, 13000 Vista Del Norte 1425, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. EM jasonwgrimm@aol.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2008.07.012 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 613ZZ UT WOS:000279025600023 PM 20109788 ER PT J AU Bergman, MS Viscusi, DJ Heimbuch, BK Wander, JD Sambol, AR Shaffer, RE AF Bergman, Michael S. Viscusi, Dennis J. Heimbuch, Brian K. Wander, Joseph D. Sambol, Anthony R. Shaffer, Ronald E. TI Evaluation of Multiple (3-Cycle) Decontamination Processing for Filtering Facepiece Respirators SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID N95 RESPIRATORS; PERFORMANCE; PARTICLES; PROTECTION; AEROSOLS; VIRUSES AB Disposable N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are widely used by healthcare workers to reduce exposures to infectious biological aerosols. There is currently major concern among public health officials about a possible shortage of N95 FFRs during an influenza pandemic. Decontamination and reuse of FFRs is a possible strategy for extending FFR supplies in an emergency; however, the NIOSH respirator certification process does not currently include provisions for decontamination and reuse. Recent studies have investigated the laboratory performance (filter aerosol penetration and filter airflow resistance) and physical integrity of FFRs following one-cycle (1X) processing of various decontamination treatments. The studies found that a single application of some methods did not adversely affect laboratory performance. In the event that healthcare facilities experience dramatic shortages of FFR supplies, multiple decontamination processing may become necessary. This study investigates three-cycle (3X) processing of eight different methods: ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, hydrogen peroxide vapor, microwave-oven-generated steam, bleach, liquid hydrogen peroxide, and moist heat incubation (pasteurization). A four-hour 3X submersion of FFR in deionized water was performed for comparison (control). Following 3X treatment by each decontamination and control method, FFRs were evaluated for changes in physical appearance, odor, and laboratory filtration performance. Only the hydrogen peroxide gas plasma treatment resulted in mean penetration levels > 5% for four of the six FFR models; FFRs treated by the seven other methods and the control samples had expected levels of filter aerosol penetration (< 5%) and filter airflow resistance. Physical damage varied by treatment method. Further research is still needed before any specific decontamination methods can be recommended. C1 [Viscusi, Dennis J.; Shaffer, Ronald E.] NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Bergman, Michael S.] URS Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Heimbuch, Brian K.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Sambol, Anthony R.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM RShaffer@cdc.gov RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012; Johnson, Marilyn/E-7209-2011 FU Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) FX The authors wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. William King (NIOSH), Edward Fries (NIOSH), Colleen Miller (NIOSH), and Dr. Saber Yezli (BIOQUELL (UK) Ltd.) for their suggestions and contributions. The Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) is acknowledged for providing funding. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 699WQ UT WOS:000285694000005 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS AF Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI COMMENTARY. irradiance uniformity and distribution from dental light curing units SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1496-4155 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 102 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00319.x PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 578DG UT WOS:000276273100004 PM 20433560 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS AF Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI IRRADIANCE DIFFERENCES IN THE VIOLET (405 NM) AND BLUE (460 NM) SPECTRAL RANGES AMONG DENTAL LIGHT-CURING UNITS COMMENTARY SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1496-4155 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 378 EP 378 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00369.x PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 688ZE UT WOS:000284895400006 PM 21171495 ER PT J AU Martin, SN Crownover, BK Kovach, FE AF Martin, Sean N. Crownover, Brian K. Kovach, Fran E. TI What's the best way to motivate patients to exercise? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INCREASE PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INTERVENTIONS C1 [Martin, Sean N.] Eglin AFB Family Med Residency, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Crownover, Brian K.] Nellis AFB, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Kovach, Fran E.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Springfield, IL USA. RP Martin, SN (reprint author), Eglin AFB Family Med Residency, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 796WJ UT WOS:000293083900014 PM 20074502 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER (R) devices) or excited delirium? SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Electronic control device; Electric shocking device; TASER; Excited delirium; Electric stimulation; Conducted energy weapon AB Deaths have occurred after law-enforcement incidents involving applications of electronic control devices (ECDs) (including TASER(R) devices). An "excited delirium" syndrome (reported in the literature prior to the development of ECDs currently in use), however, includes several factors that may be related to such deaths in custody. In this review, potential detrimental effects of ECDs are compared with possible changes due to excited delirium. Although extreme (i.e., long-duration or repeated) exposures to ECDs can result in significant hyperkalaemia, acidaemia, and myoglobinemia in animal models, limited applications (such as those normally used in law-enforcement situations) would appear to have only transient effects. In addition, the hyperthermia observed in patients with excited delirium does not seem to be directly exacerbated by ECD applications. ECD use is unlikely to be a common cause of ventricular fibrillation, but other events that are generally associated with excited delirium (e.g., drug use) may be related to subsequent ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Metabolic or respiratory acidosis may only be serious consequences of long-duration or repeated ECD applications. On the basis of current available information, factors other than ECDs themselves may be more important when death occurs after the use of ECDs. Published by Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil FU Directed Energy Research Programs Department, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice FX This review was supported by the Directed Energy Research Programs Department, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice. NR 116 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1752-928X J9 J FORENSIC LEG MED JI J. Forensic Leg. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jflm.2008.05.011 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA V23AT UT WOS:000208316400001 PM 20083043 ER PT J AU Holt, DT Helfrich, CD Hall, CG Weiner, BJ AF Holt, Daniel T. Helfrich, Christian D. Hall, Carmen G. Weiner, Bryan J. TI Are You Ready? How Health Professionals Can Comprehensively Conceptualize Readiness for Change SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE organizational change; change readiness; measuring readiness for change; implementation ID ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; MODEL; CARE; QUALITY; IMPLEMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; OUTCOMES; SMOKING AB One important factor influencing the successful implementation of system-wide change is initial readiness. Readiness is defined as the degree to which those involved are individually and collectively primed, motivated, and technically capable of executing the change. We present a conceptual framework that highlights three broad areas to be considered if health-care professionals are to comprehensively evaluate readiness that includes psychological factors (i.e., characteristics of those being asked to change), structural factors (i.e., circumstances under which the change is occurring) as well as the level of analysis (i.e., individual and organizational levels). We also describe more specific dimensions within each of these broad categories that have both empirical and theoretical support, presenting several valid and reliable survey instruments that measure key dimensions of readiness quantitatively. C1 [Holt, Daniel T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFTT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Helfrich, Christian D.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Ischem Heart Dis QUERI, Seattle, WA USA. [Hall, Carmen G.] VA Minneapolis Hlth Care Syst, Polytrauma & Blast Related Injuries QUERI, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Weiner, Bryan J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFTT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu RI Helfrich, Christian/D-2382-2016 OI Helfrich, Christian/0000-0002-9827-4768 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 SU 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s11606-009-1112-8 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544OH UT WOS:000273667000009 PM 20077152 ER PT J AU Lappas, V Riche, D Hall, C Fausz, J Wilson, B Babuska, V Beatty, S deBlonk, B AF Lappas, V. Riche, D. Hall, C. Fausz, J. Wilson, B. Babuska, V. Beatty, S. deBlonk, B. TI Survey of Technology Developments in Flywheel Attitude Control and Energy Storage Systems (vol 32, pg 354, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Lappas, V.; Riche, D.] Univ Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. [Hall, C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fausz, J.; Wilson, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Beatty, S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [deBlonk, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lappas, V (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 286 EP 286 DI 10.2514/1.47362 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 543QC UT WOS:000273592300029 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Wei, SY Alexander, M Cocke, D Ho, TC Guo, ZH AF Zhu, Jiahua Wei, Suying Alexander, Max, Jr. Cocke, David Ho, Thomas C. Guo, Zhanhu TI Electrical conductivity manipulation and switching phenomena of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) thin film by doping process SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; ACID COORDINATION-COMPLEXES; APROTIC ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; MAIN-CHAIN; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-MODULUS; FIBERS; SINGLE; POLYANILINE AB Current-voltage (i-v) characteristics of dry poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBZT) thin films are studied before and after various doping processes. Conductivity switching phenomenon is observed after doping with HCl and H2SO4 acidic solutions at different concentration levels. The conductivity is 10 folds higher in a relatively high sweeping voltage range (0.2-0.3 V) than that sweeping in a lower range of 0-0.1 V. The conductivity switching phenomenon becomes more obvious with an increase of acid concentration. HCl shows to be more favorable for a quick and efficient switching behavior than H2SO4. The reduction of PBZT with metal (Fe, Cu and Pd) doping process produces linear conductivity along the whole sweeping range of voltage. A 30% electrical conductivity enhancement is observed after applying an external dc voltage on the acid soaked PBZT film and different voltages enhance the conductivity to the same level. The conductivity returns gradually after removing the applied voltage. Four-point probe conductivity measurements, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, EDAX elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and TGA thermal analysis were used for better understanding the doping processes and conductivity switching mechanisms. A molecular structure transformation during the doping process is proposed. C1 [Zhu, Jiahua; Cocke, David; Ho, Thomas C.; Guo, Zhanhu] Lamar Univ, ICL, Dan F Smith Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Wei, Suying] Lamar Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Alexander, Max, Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, ZH (reprint author), Lamar Univ, ICL, Dan F Smith Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM zhanhu.guo@lamar.edu RI Wei, Suying/C-2047-2009; Zhu, Jiahua/E-4400-2011; OI Guo, Zhanhu/0000-0003-0134-0210 FU Lamar University; NSF [0618924]; Welch Foundation [V-1103] FX This work was supported by the research start-up fund from Lamar University. The authors are grateful for the support of a NSF 2006 MRI Grant (Award No. 0618924) for SEM/EDS for carrying out the study. D. Cocke kindly acknowledges support from the Welch Foundation under Grant No. V-1103. The authors appreciate Dr Y. Mou from the Chemistry Department and Dr J. Gomes from the Material Research Center at Lamar University for the FT-IR analysis and for the XRD analysis, respectively. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1039/b917684e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 536IL UT WOS:000273038000023 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Budy, SM Smith, DW Mabry, JM AF Iacono, Scott T. Budy, Stephen M. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Preparation of composite fluoropolymers with enhanced dewetting using fluorinated silsesquioxanes as drop-in modifiers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE; ARYL ETHER COPOLYMERS; SOLID-SURFACES; PHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE; CONTACT-ANGLE; POLYMERS; WETTABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURES; COATINGS; POSS AB Composite fluoropolymers were prepared by solvent blending fluorinated POSS (F-POSS) with perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers. The semifluorinated PFCB aryl ether polymers were shown to be hydrophobic, but demonstrated complete wetting by hydrocarbon-based liquids. Upon the incorporation of F-POSS as a drop-in modifier at low weight percent loadings, the composite fluoropolymer spin cast films exhibited increased water in addition to hydrocarbon repellency as determined by contact angle analysis. Composite film surface characterization included SEM and AFM analyses which showed excellent F-POSS dispersion and increased surface roughness. Thermal properties of the blended films were analysed using DSC and this demonstrated that the incorporation of F-POSS did not affect the bulk matrix properties inherent of PFCB aryl ether polymers. This work demonstrated that optimized F-POSS PFCB aryl ether polymer blend formulations have potential use as hydro-and oleophobic materials for seals, fibers, and coatings. C1 [Iacono, Scott T.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Budy, Stephen M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mabry, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM dwsmith@clemson.edu; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their financial support. We also thank Ms Marietta Fernandez (EAFB) and Ms Sherly Largo (EAFB) for microscopy support. Dr Timothy Haddad (EAFB) and Dr Chris Topping (TT) are recognized for their technical support. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 15 BP 2979 EP 2984 DI 10.1039/b924337b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 576NR UT WOS:000276152100010 ER PT J AU Chiang, LY Padmawar, PA Rogers-Haley, JE So, G Canteenwala, T Thota, S Tan, LS Pritzker, K Huang, YY Sharma, SK Kurup, DB Hamblin, MR Wilson, B Urbas, A AF Chiang, Long Y. Padmawar, Prashant A. Rogers-Haley, Joy E. So, Grace Canteenwala, Taizoon Thota, Sammaiah Tan, Loon-Seng Pritzker, Kenneth Huang, Ying-Ying Sharma, Sulbha K. Kurup, Divya Balachandran Hamblin, Michael R. Wilson, Brian Urbas, Augustine TI Synthesis and characterization of highly photoresponsive fullerenyl dyads with a close chromophore antenna-C-60 contact and effective photodynamic potential SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROCESSES; C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; TRIPLET C-60; THERAPY; PHOTOSENSITIZERS; ABSORPTION; DESIGN AB We report the synthesis of a new class of photoresponsive C-60-DCE-diphenylaminofluorene nanostructures and their intramolecular photoinduced energy and electron transfer phenomena. Structural modification was made by chemical conversion of the keto group in C-60(>DPAF-C-n) to a stronger electron-withdrawing 1,1-dicyanoethylenyl (DCE) unit leading to C-60(>CPAF-C-n) with an increased electronic polarization of the molecule. The modification also led to a large bathochromic shift of the major band in visible spectrum giving measureable absorption up to 600 nm and extended the photoresponsive capability of C-60-DCE-DPAF nanostructures to longer red wavelengths than C-60(>DPAF-C-n). Accordingly, C-60(>CPAF-C-n) may allow 2 gamma-PDT using a light wavelength of 1000-1200 nm for enhanced tissue penetration depth. Production efficiency of singlet oxygen by closely related C-60(>DPAF-C-2M) was found to be comparable with that of tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer. Remarkably, the O-1(2) quantum yield of C-60(>CPAF-C-2M) was found to be nearly 6-fold higher than that of C-60(>DPAF-C-2M), demonstrating the large light-harvesting enhancement of the CPAF-C-2M moiety and leading to more efficient triplet state generation of the C-60> cage moiety. This led to highly effective killing of HeLa cells by C-60(>CPAF-C-2M) via photodynamic therapy (200 J cm(-2) white light). We interpret the phenomena in terms of the contributions by the extended p-conjugation and stronger electron-withdrawing capability associated with the 1,1-dicyanoethylenyl group compared to that of the keto group. C1 [Chiang, Long Y.; Padmawar, Prashant A.; Canteenwala, Taizoon; Thota, Sammaiah] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Rogers-Haley, Joy E.; Tan, Loon-Seng; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [So, Grace; Pritzker, Kenneth] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [So, Grace; Pritzker, Kenneth] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Huang, Ying-Ying; Sharma, Sulbha K.; Kurup, Divya Balachandran; Hamblin, Michael R.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Huang, Ying-Ying; Sharma, Sulbha K.; Kurup, Divya Balachandran; Hamblin, Michael R.; Wilson, Brian] Harvard Univ, Dept Dermatol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Huang, Ying-Ying] Guangxi Med Univ, Aesthet & Plast Ctr, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Hamblin, Michael R.] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; kpritzker@yorkmp.com; hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.edu; wilson@uhnres.utoronto.ca RI Huang, Ying-ying/G-3153-2011; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Huang, Ying-ying/0000-0003-3066-6981; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Hamblin, Michael/0000-0001-6431-4605 FU National Institute of Health [1R01CA137108]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0183] FX We thank financial support of National Institute of Health under the contract number 1R01CA137108 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the contract number FA9550-09-1-0183. We thank Yi-Hung Liu of National Taiwan University Instrumentation Center for X-ray single-crystal structural analysis. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 25 BP 5280 EP 5293 DI 10.1039/c0jm00037j PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 611YO UT WOS:000278861400018 PM 20890406 ER PT J AU White, TJ McConney, ME Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. McConney, Michael E. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Dynamic color in stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HELICAL TWISTING POWER; CHIROPTICAL MOLECULAR SWITCH; PHOTOSENSITIVE CHIRAL DOPANTS; POLYMER NETWORK STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; LIGHT SHUTTERS; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODULATION; ELECTROOPTIC PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB ROY G. BIV is the acronym used around the English-speaking world to aid children in the memorization of the traditional colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet). Color surrounds us and the ability to change color by external stimuli (heat, force, light exposure, magnetic or electric field) continues to be leveraged for many present day applications. This review focuses on the state of the art in the use of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) as color changing optical materials. After a brief summary of thermal and electrically induced color changes, the bulk of the article describes recent efforts in photoresponsive CLCs, materials in which light is used to control the color output. C1 [White, Timothy J.; McConney, Michael E.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We are grateful to the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding. This work would not be possible without the insightful discussions and stimulating research of our colleagues Lalgudi Natarajan and Vincent Tondiglia. NR 182 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 72 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 44 BP 9832 EP 9847 DI 10.1039/c0jm00843e PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 674KV UT WOS:000283743000003 ER PT J AU Simoes, R Silva, J Lanceros-Mendez, S Vaia, R AF Simoes, Ricardo Silva, Jaime Lanceros-Mendez, Senentxu Vaia, Richard TI Influence of fiber aspect ratio and orientation on the dielectric properties of polymer-based nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BEHAVIOR; SIMULATIONS C1 [Simoes, Ricardo; Silva, Jaime] Univ Minho, IPC, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Simoes, Ricardo] Polytech Inst Cavado & Ave, P-4750810 Barcelos, Portugal. [Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Silva, Jaime; Lanceros-Mendez, Senentxu] Univ Minho, Dept Phys, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. RP Simoes, R (reprint author), Univ Minho, IPC, Campus Azurem, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. EM rsimoes@dep.uminho.pt RI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/A-1730-2011; Simoes, Ricardo/J-7033-2013; Simoes, Ricardo/C-4120-2011; Silva, Jaime/B-5891-2009 OI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/0000-0001-6791-7620; Simoes, Ricardo/0000-0002-3097-8849; Silva, Jaime/0000-0002-1520-0799 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 268 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-3937-2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 534NP UT WOS:000272904700034 ER PT J AU Andreev, AD Hendricks, KJ AF Andreev, Andrey D. Hendricks, Kyle J. TI Particle-in-Cell (PIC) Simulation of CW Industrial Heating Magnetron SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Modern CW industrial heating magnetrons are capable for producing as high as 300 kW of continuous-wave microwave power at frequencies around 900 MHz and are sold commercially [Wynn et al., 2004]. However, to utilize these magnetrons in some specific research and scientific applications being of interest for the Air Force, the necessary adaptation and redesign are required. It means that the detailed knowledge of principles of their operation and full understanding of how the changes of the design parameters affect their operational characteristics are necessary. We have developed and tested computer model of a 10-vane high-power strapped magnetron, which geometrical dimensions and design parameters are close to those of the California Tube Laboratory's commercially produced CWM-75/100L tube. The computer model is built by using the 3-D Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell (ICEPIC) code. Simulations of the strapped magnetron operation are performed and the following operational characteristics are obtained during the simulation: frequency and mode of magnetron oscillations, output microwave power and efficiency of magnetron operation, anode current and anode-cathode voltage dynamics. The developed computer model of a non-relativistic high-power strapped magnetron may be used by the industrial magnetron community for designing following generations of the CW industrial heating high-power magnetrons. C1 [Andreev, Andrey D.; Hendricks, Kyle J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andreev, AD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 2010 VL 44 IS 2 BP 114 EP 124 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA V45LR UT WOS:000209818600006 PM 21721323 ER PT J AU Alfonso, K AF Alfonso, Kristal TI Hubert R. Harmon: Airman, Officer, Father of the Air Force Academy SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Alfonso, Kristal] USAF, Res Inst, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Alfonso, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Inst, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 278 EP 279 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 543OP UT WOS:000273588300063 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Roy, S Gord, JR Patnaik, AK AF Hsu, Paul S. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Patnaik, Anil K. TI Magneto-optical control of the group velocity of light in an inhomogeneously broadened medium SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE slow light; magneto-optical effects; electromagnetically induced transparency; atomic coherence; nonlinear optics ID DOUBLE-LADDER SYSTEM; SLOW-LIGHT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ATOMIC VAPOR; ENHANCEMENT; COHERENCE; ULTRASLOW; ROTATION; INDEX; GAS AB We investigate the use of a magnetic field, in conjunction with an elliptically polarized laser field, to control the group velocity of light in an inhomogeneously broadened medium. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the dispersion and hence, the speed of light in an atomic system, having V-configuration with Zeeman sublevels as their excited states, can be effectively controlled magneto-optically. We present approximate analytical solutions for a homogeneously broadened medium and numerical solutions for both a homogeneously and an inhomogeneously broadened medium. We show that while one can tune the speed of light from subluminal to superluminal with the magnetic field in a static or cooled medium with V-type atoms, in hot atoms one can achieve an efficient magneto-optical tunability in the subluminal regime. We experimentally demonstrate such control of light speed using a single elliptically polarized light and a moderately strong magnetic field in a 87Rb vapor cell. We propose to use the optical field for coarse control and the magnetic field for finer control of the light speed in an atomic medium. C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Gord, James R.; Patnaik, Anil K.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hsu, Paul S.; Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-D-2329, FA8650-09-C-2001] FX Our sincere thanks to Profs. R.W. Boyd and J.C. Howell and Dr A. Zhang for stimulating discussions. We are grateful to Prof. G.R. Welch for the loan of the magnetic shield and Rb vapor cell. Our thanks to Ms Marian Whitaker for editing help. Funding for this study was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant Nos. F33615-03-D-2329 and FA8650-09-C-2001. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 14-15 BP 1388 EP 1396 AR PII 921009614 DI 10.1080/09500341003692997 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 646YO UT WOS:000281581800021 ER PT J AU Sweeney, DD Slagley, JM Smith, DA AF Sweeney, Daniel D. Slagley, Jeremy M. Smith, David A. TI Insertion Loss of Noise Barriers on an Aboveground, Full-Scale Model Longwall Coal Mining Shearer SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE longwall mining; noise; sound barrier AB The U.S. mining industry struggles with hazardous noise and dust exposures in underground mining. Specifically, long-wall coal mine shearer operators are routinely exposed to noise levels at 151% of the allowable daily dose, and approximately 20% exceed regulatory dust levels. In the current study, a partial barrier was mounted on the full-scale mock shearer at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. A simulated, full-scale, coal mine longwall shearer operation was employed to test the feasibility of utilizing a barrier to separate the shearer operator from the direct path of the noise and dust source during mining operations. In this model, noise levels at the operators' positions were reduced by 2.6 to 8.2 A-weighted decibels (dBA) from the application of the test barriers. Estimated insertion loss underground was 1.7 to 7.3 dBA. The barrier should be tested in an underground mining operation to determine if it can reduce shearer operators' noise exposure to below regulatory limits. C1 [Sweeney, Daniel D.; Slagley, Jeremy M.; Smith, David A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Slagley, JM (reprint author), AFIT ENV, BLDG 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.slagley@afit.edu FU NIOSH; University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center [T42/OH008432-03] FX The authors would like to thank the entire staff at the NIOSH PRL site Longwall Gallery, especially Jim Rider. They also thank the MSHA Physical and Toxic Agents Division. Further, this work was conceived in discussions with Steve Guffey and Dan Conaway. This research was funded in part by NIOSH and the Pilot Research Project Training Program of the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center Grant #T42/OH008432-03. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1080/15459621003652333 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 594NT UT WOS:000277545100002 PM 20234968 ER PT J AU Salter, WB Kinney, K Wallace, WH Lumley, AE Heimbuch, BK Wander, JD AF Salter, W. B. Kinney, K. Wallace, W. H. Lumley, A. E. Heimbuch, B. K. Wander, J. D. TI Analysis of Residual Chemicals on Filtering Facepiece Respirators After Decontamination SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE decontamination; disinfection; influenza; N95; residual; respirator ID BIOLOGICAL AGENTS; N95 RESPIRATORS; INFLUENZA; TRANSMISSION; INACTIVATION; PROTECTION; VIRUS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; AEROSOLS AB The N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) is commonly used to protect individuals from infectious aerosols. Health care experts predict a shortage of N95 FFRs if a severe pandemic occurs, and an option that has been suggested for mitigating such an FFR shortage is to decontaminate and reuse the devices. Before the effectiveness of this strategy can be established, many parameters affecting respiratory protection must be measured: biocidal efficacy of the decontamination treatment, filtration performance, pressure drop, fit, and toxicity to the end user post treatment. This research effort measured the amount of residual chemicals created or deposited on six models of FFRs following treatment by each of 7 simple decontamination technologies. Measured amounts of decontaminants retained by the FFRs treated with chemical disinfectants were small enough that exposure to wearers will be below the permissible exposure limit (PEL). Toxic by-products were also evaluated, and two suspected toxins were detected after ethylene oxide treatment of FFR rubber straps. The results provide encouragement to efforts promoting the evolution of effective strategies for decontamination and reuse of FFRs. C1 [Salter, W. B.; Kinney, K.; Wallace, W. H.; Lumley, A. E.; Heimbuch, B. K.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Wander, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Heimbuch, BK (reprint author), Appl Res Associates, 104 Res Rd,Bldg 9719, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM brian.heimbuch.ctr@tyndall.af.mil OI wallace, william, hamish/0000-0001-8080-5674 FU Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) [CM-CM-2868] FX This research was funded through a grant provided by the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) for Combating Terrorism; grant number CM-CM-2868. Linda Deneen coordinated performance of the VHP and EO sterilizations, which were conducted by the staff of Bay Medical Center and Gulf Coast Medical Center, Panama City, Florida. Katherine Simpson prepared the authentic sample of HEA. We thank Ron Shaffer for his critical review of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 8 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1080/15459624.2010.484794 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 604YB UT WOS:000278313300003 PM 20526947 ER PT J AU Kumar, J Rodrigues, SJ Kumar, B AF Kumar, Jitendra Rodrigues, Stanley J. Kumar, Binod TI Interface-mediated electrochemical effects in lithium/polymer-ceramic cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Polymer-ceramic composite; Ionic transport; Charge-transfer reaction; Solid electrolyte interface ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; HETEROGENEOUS SOLIDS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; LITHIUM ION; TRANSPORT; COMPOSITES AB The paper presents and discusses a method to achieve beneficial electrochemical effects mediated by interfaces in an ionic conducting polymer matrix. The beneficial effects include enhanced ionic transport, catalysis of anodic oxidation reaction, and stabilization of the lithium-electrolyte interface in lithium-based electrochemical cells. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) doped with LiN(SO(2)CF(2)CF(3))(2) (LiBETI) was chosen as the ion conducting polymer matrix. The polymer-ceramic (PC) composite electrolytes from the PEO:LiBETI-BN and PEO:LiBETI-Li(2)O systems were optimized to achieve high conductivity, reduce charge-transfer resistance, and stabilize the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer at the lithium anode. Both BN and Li(2)O were effective in enhancing interface-mediated lithium ion transport. The charge-transfer resistance was reduced by orders of magnitude and the long-term stability of the cells was improved remarkably due to the addition of BN and Li(2)O in the PEO:LiBETI polymer matrix. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the phenomenon by measuring the time-and temperature-dependent electrical behavior of the aforementioned materials and cells. The interface-mediated effects due to the addition of BN and Li(2)O dielectrics contributed to the improved cell properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kumar, Jitendra; Kumar, Binod] Univ Dayton, Electrochem Power Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rodrigues, Stanley J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electrochem Power Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM kumarjit@notes.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA 8650-04-D-2403, DO 10] FX Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, under Contract No. FA 8650-04-D-2403, DO 10. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 1 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.06.098 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 534GB UT WOS:000272883200047 ER PT J AU Arciszewski, T Harrison, C AF Arciszewski, Tomasz Harrison, Catherine TI Successful Civil Engineering Education SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE C1 [Arciszewski, Tomasz] George Mason Univ, Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn Dept, Volgenau Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Harrison, Catherine] USAF, Res Lab, Cognit Neurosci Sect, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Arciszewski, T (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn Dept, Volgenau Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tarcisze@gmu.edu; Catherine.Harrison@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.12 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 536IC UT WOS:000273037100001 ER PT J AU Badiru, AB Slagley, JM Smith, DA AF Badiru, Adedeji B. Slagley, Jeremy M. Smith, David A. TI Project Management Application for Engineering Program Accreditation Preparation SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Engineering Program Accreditation; ABET; Project management; Program review; Curriculum improvement AB This paper presents guidelines for applying project management tools and techniques to the process of preparing for a program accreditation site visit. The premise of the paper is that the proven tools and techniques of project management are effective in managing all the steps required in accreditation preparation as well as postvisit followups. The basic lesson offered by the paper's approach is that accreditation preparation should not be turned into a last-minute crash project. Rather, proactive preparation steps should be instituted early to facilitate communication, cooperation, and coordination of the entire process. The guidelines provided in the paper are useful not only for program review, but also for continuous process and curriculum improvement. The paper cites two graduate program examples of Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. preparation at the Air Force Institute of Technology. C1 [Badiru, Adedeji B.; Slagley, Jeremy M.; Smith, David A.] USAF, Inst Technol AFIT ENV, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol AFIT ENV, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adedeji.badiru@afit.edu; jeremy.slagley@afit.edu; david.a.smith@afit.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 EI 1943-5541 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000005 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 536IC UT WOS:000273037100006 ER PT J AU Warner, DJ Branam, RD Hargus, WA AF Warner, Dustin J. Branam, Richard D. Hargus, William A., Jr. TI Ignition and Plume Characteristics of Low-Current Cerium and Lanthanum Hexaboride Hollow Cathodes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LAB6; ION AB This research investigated cerium hexaboride (CeB(6)) and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB(6)) as emitters in 6.4-mm-diam hollow cathodes used for low-power electric propulsion applications. Each cathode's ignition performance and plume behavior is presented and discussed. Two identical cathodes, with the exception of the insert material, were assembled and integrated into a cylindrical anode configuration without an applied magnetic field. The experiments tested two orifice geometries and a wide range of xenon flow rates (1.5-4.5 seem) and anode currents (2-6 A) for each cathode. Also investigated was cathode performance for these conditions with the keeper on and off. A langmuir probe collected plume data to include plasma densities, electron temperature, plasma potential, and floating potential. An oscilloscope monitored the voltage behavior of the keeper electrode and anode. Initially, both cathodes successfully started without excessive keeper voltages (<650 V), heating times (<15 min), or flow rates (<4.5 sccm). The LaB(6) cathode consistently started at these same conditions. However, the CeB(6) cathode demonstrated some degradation after time by requiring higher flow rates and a longer heating time to start. Both cathodes demonstrated ideal (spot mode) operation for flow rates as low as 1.5 seem at anode currents as high as 5 A with no heater or keeper power. C1 [Warner, Dustin J.; Branam, Richard D.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. [Hargus, William A., Jr.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Warner, DJ (reprint author), AF Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM richard.branam@afit.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.2514/1.41386 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 545QL UT WOS:000273751400014 ER PT J AU Hargus, WA Charles, CS AF Hargus, William A., Jr. Charles, Christopher S. TI Near-Plume Laser-Induced Fluorescence Velocity Measurements of a Medium Power Hall Thruster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID XENON AB This work presents the near exit plane velocity field of a 600 W Hall thruster at a single operating condition with a 300 V anode potential. The xenon ion propellant velocities were measured using laser-induced fluorescence of the 5d[4](7/2) - 6p[3](5/2) excited state xenon ionic transition at 834.72 nm. Ion velocities were interrogated from the acceleration channel exit plane to a distance 100 mm from the exit plane (1.6 exit plane diameters). Both axial and radial velocities were directly measured. A nearly uniform axial velocity profile of approximately 17, 000 m/s (197 eV) was measured at the acceleration channel center on the exit plane. The maximum axial velocity was measured 100 mm from the exit plane at 19, 800 m/s (267 eV). In conjunction with the coaxial symmetry of the thruster, radial velocity measurements were used to determine the divergence of the plume, as well as to determine azimuthal velocities in several regions proximate to the exit plane. The 475 m/s mean azimuthal velocity was measured 5 mm from the exit plane. From this value, it was possible to estimate a maximum thruster-induced torque of 3.2 x 10(-5) Nm. Because of the divergence and convergence of the coaxial ion flow, distinct ion populations were observed to interact in the central core of the near plume. This was apparent in measurement volumes where multiple radial and axial velocity components were measured. These regions also typically correspond with the brightest portions of the visible plume. C1 [Hargus, William A., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hargus, WA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.2514/1.44411 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 545QL UT WOS:000273751400015 ER PT J AU Writer, BW Schillerstrom, JE Regwan, HK Harlan, BS AF Writer, Brian W. Schillerstrom, Jason E. Regwan, Heather K. Harlan, Brent S. TI Executive clock drawing correlates with performance-based functional status in people with combat-related mild traumatic brain injury and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE activities of daily living; cognitive disorder; concussion; executive functioning; functional status; head injury; mild traumatic brain injury; military combat injury; neuropsychological impairment; traumatic brain injury ID PROCESSING SPEED; VETERANS; TBI; SEQUELAE; MEMORY; IMPAIRMENT; MEDIATORS; DIAGNOSIS; PTSD; IRAQ AB Executive Clock Drawing Tasks (CLOX parts 1 and 2) can predict functional impairment. This study determined the correlation between CLOX and other psychometric screening instruments with the Structured Assessment of Independent Living Skills (SAILS)-defined performance-based functional status in people with combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We hypothesized that CLOX would correlate significantly with functional performance. This prospective, cross-sectional study design determined the correlation between a structured neuropsychological battery and functional status assessment. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between neuropsychological instruments and functional status scores. We entered neuropsychological measures correlating p < 0.1 with functional status into a linear regression model to determine independent contributions. Fifteen Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans participated. Only CLOX I correlated significantly with functional competency and efficiency. Only mean CLOX I scores were significantly lower in those scoring below the median for SAILS competency and in those scoring above the median for SAILS efficiency. CLOX I contributed significant variance to functional status independent of mood or anxiety symptoms and was not affected by age or time since injury. Executive dysfunction per the brief, easily administered CLOXI is sensitive to functional status following combatrelated mild TBI, independent of PTSD anxiety with or without depression. C1 [Writer, Brian W.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Schillerstrom, Jason E.; Regwan, Heather K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Harlan, Brent S.] 1st Special Operat Med Grp, Dept Psychiat, Hurlburt Field AFB, FL USA. RP Writer, BW (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 59 MHS SGOWV1,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brian.writer@us.af.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2010 VL 47 IS 9 BP 841 EP 849 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2009.10.0162 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 707PX UT WOS:000286299600005 PM 21174249 ER PT J AU Foster, CA Foster, JD Campbell, WK AF Foster, Craig A. Foster, Joshua D. Campbell, W. Keith TI Are Secret Relationships Hot, Then Not? Romantic Secrecy as a Function of Relationship Duration SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attraction; romantic relationships; romantic secrecy ID QUALITY; PERCEPTIONS; INFIDELITY; COMMITMENT; COUPLES; LOVE AB Are secret romances alluring or aversive? One theory suggests that romantic secrecy increases obsessive preoccupation with romantic partners and thereby enhances romantic relationships. Another theory suggests that romantic secrecy is burdensome and thereby undermines romantic relationships. We sought to rectify these conflicting perspectives by examining romantic secrecy and relationship duration using a large, Internet-based sample (N = 564). We predicted that romantic secrecy would have a positive influence in newer romantic relationships (obsessive preoccupation theory) and a negative influence in older romantic relationships (burden theory). In contrast, the obtained results indicate that romantic secrecy is a burden to both new and old romantic relationships. C1 [Foster, Craig A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Foster, Joshua D.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Campbell, W. Keith] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Foster, CA (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM craig.foster@usafa.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-4545 EI 1940-1183 J9 J SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Soc. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 150 IS 6 BP 668 EP 688 DI 10.1080/00224540903365547 PG 21 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 780KU UT WOS:000291855600006 PM 21166330 ER PT J AU Skujins, T Cesnik, CES Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB AF Skujins, Torstens Cesnik, Carlos E. S. Oppenheimer, Michael W. Doman, David B. TI Canard-Elevon Interactions on a Hypersonic Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA ID LATIN HYPERCUBES AB Airbreathing hypersonic cruise vehicles are typically characterized by long, slender bodies with highly coupled engines and airframes. For a case in which the engine is underslung (below the center of gravity), a large elevon control surface is typically necessary to trim the vehicle. The elevon is usually placed at the rear of the vehicle to yield a large moment arm. However, the drawback is that the elevons can cause large perturbations in lift and other undesirable effects. Canard control surfaces are placed on the forebody of the vehicle to counteract these effects as well as aid in low-speed handling. This study looks at how the canards affect the flow over the elevon control surfaces and, in turn, the controllability of the vehicle in general. A two-dimensional analytical formulation is developed and compared with both a series approximation solution and a computational fluid dynamics Eider flowfield solution. The effect of the canard on the elevon, measured using the elevon effectiveness ratio, decreased as the distance between the control surfaces increased. In general, higher Mach numbers combined with higher canard deflection angles resulted in a greater effect on the elevon. Adding a thickness correction, as opposed to assuming that the airfoils were flat plates, actually decreased, on average, the accuracy of the model when compared with the computational data. C1 [Cesnik, Carlos E. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Doman, David B.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Anal & Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Skujins, T (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tskujins@umich.edu; cesnik@umich.edu; Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.2514/1.44743 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000008 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH AF Heiser, W. H. TI Single-Stage-to-Orbit Versus Two-Stage-to-Orbit Airbreathing Systems SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.2514/1.46631 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000024 ER PT J AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C Shen, MHH AF Scott-Emuakpor, O. George, T. Cross, C. Shen, M-H Herman TI Hysteresis-loop representation for strain energy calculation and fatigue assessment SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fatigue; strain; energy AB Improvements have been made to the cyclic strain energy density expression used in a fatigue life prediction method. The theory behind the prediction method is based on the understanding that the same amount of strain energy is dissipated during a monotonic fracture and a cyclic fatigue process. From this understanding, the failure cycle for a fatigue process can be determined by dividing monotonic strain energy by the average strain energy per cycle. Though this technique has been shown to be acceptable, it needs to be improved to account from the experimentally observed increase in the strain energy per cycle as the loading cycles approach fatigue. In order to improve the fatigue life prediction technique, experimental strain energy density per cycle is observed during the fatigue process of Aluminium 6061-T6 (Al 6061-T6) specimens. The results show exponential change in the strain energy density through the first 20 per cent and the last 30 per cent of the total failure cycles. The results lead to a new representation of strain energy density per cycle, which leads to an improved fatigue life prediction method. A comparison is made between the improved prediction method and experimental fatigue results. The comparison result validates the precision of the new hysteresis-loop representation. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, O.; George, T.; Cross, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shen, M-H Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratories; Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility FX The authors would like to thank the National Research Council and the Air Force Research Laboratories, specifically the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility, for their financial support, facility and equipment access, and encouragement of this research. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1243/03093247JSA602 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 606QC UT WOS:000278441100005 ER PT J AU Clodfelter, M AF Clodfelter, Mark TI Aiming to Break Will: America's World War II Bombing of German Morale and its Ramifications SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Airpower; Bombing; Morale AB Current US Air Force doctrine emphasizes attacking an enemy's 'will to resist' without defining 'will'. Much of the Air Force's focus on will stems from prewar bombing doctrine and America's initial effort to break an enemy's morale with bombs-the aerial assault on Nazi Germany. That bombing revealed that a nation-state's will to resist actually consists of three distinctive elements-the will of its populace, government leaders, and the armed forces-which together form a collective desire to fight. The bombing also showed that the resilience of the individual components depends on the strength of the bonds that connect them and the war aims pursued by all belligerents. It further illustrated that the individual element most likely to break from air attack is the will of the armed forces. C1 [Clodfelter, Mark] US Natl War Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Clodfelter, Mark] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Clodfelter, Mark] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Clodfelter, M (reprint author), US Natl War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 401 EP 435 AR PII 923033533 DI 10.1080/01402390903189436 PG 35 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 610ZJ UT WOS:000278779700003 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI Securing the State: Reforming the National Security Decisionmaking Process at the Civil-Military Nexus. SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Coletta, Damon] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 454 EP 457 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 610ZJ UT WOS:000278779700009 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Kumar, J Leese, R Fellner, JP Rodrigues, SJ Abraham, KM AF Kumar, Binod Kumar, Jitendra Leese, Robert Fellner, Joseph P. Rodrigues, Stanley J. Abraham, K. M. TI A Solid-State, Rechargeable, Long Cycle Life Lithium-Air Battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE AB This paper describes a totally solid-state, rechargeable, long cycle life lithium-oxygen battery cell. The cell is comprised of a Li metal anode, a highly Li-ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane laminate fabricated from glass-ceramic (GC) and polymer ceramic materials, and a solid-state composite air cathode prepared from high surface area carbon and ionically conducting GC powder. The cell exhibited excellent thermal stability and rechargeability in the 30-105 degrees C temperature range. It was subjected to 40 charge-discharge cycles at current densities ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 mA/cm(2). The reversible charge/discharge voltage profiles of the Li-O(2) cell with low polarizations between the discharge and charge are remarkable for a displacement-type electrochemical cell reaction involving the reduction of oxygen to form lithium peroxide. The results represent a major contribution in the quest of an ultrahigh energy density electrochemical power source. We believe that the Li-O(2) cell, when fully developed, could exceed specific energies of 1000 Wh/kg in practical configurations. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3256129] All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Binod; Kumar, Jitendra; Leese, Robert] Univ Dayton, Electrochem Power Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fellner, Joseph P.; Rodrigues, Stanley J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abraham, K. M.] E KEM Sci, Needham, MA 02492 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electrochem Power Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM binod.kumar@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-C-2917] FX Three of the authors (B. K., J.K., and R.L.) gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract no. FA8650-08-C-2917. NR 15 TC 142 Z9 152 U1 24 U2 224 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1 BP A50 EP A54 DI 10.1149/1.3256129 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527SQ UT WOS:000272387200009 ER PT J AU Coy, EB AF Coy, Edward B. TI Measurement of Transient Heat Flux and Surface Temperature Using Embedded Temperature Sensors SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 26th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP AIAA ID DIFFERENTIATION AB A method for resolving inverse heat conduction problems using approximating polynomials is described. The coefficients are obtained by constraining the even-numbered spatial derivatives of the polynomial at two points within the domain using the heat equation. The result is a linear time-invariant system that can be implemented as a digital filter and is suitable for application in a real-time sensor. The method places no restrictions on boundary or initial conditions, and temperature dependence of transport properties is accounted for in an approximate way. The performance of the model has been validated using analytical and numerical solutions, and results are presented in the frequency and time domains for several orders of polynomials. A propagation of error analysis is presented and is used to establish the optimum location of the sensors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Space & Missiles Prop Div,Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Coy, EB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Space & Missiles Prop Div,Prop Directorate, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.2514/1.45075 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 550GR UT WOS:000274116800008 ER PT J AU Fleming, AJ Thomas, SK Yerkes, KL AF Fleming, Andrew J. Thomas, Scott K. Yerkes, Kirk L. TI Titanium-Water Loop Heat Pipe Operating Characteristics Under Standard and Elevated Acceleration Fields SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB An experiment has been developed to examine the behavior of a titanium-water loop heat pipe under standard and elevated acceleration fields. The loop heat pipe was mounted on a 2.44 meter-diameter centrifuge table on edge with heat applied to the evaporator via a mica heater and heat rejected using a high-temperature polyalphaolefin oil coolant loop. The loop heat pipe was tested under the following parametric ranges: heat load at the evaporator 100 <= Q(in) <= 600 W, heat load at the compensation chamber 0 <= Q(cc) <= 50 W, radial acceleration 0 <= a(r) <= 10 g. For stationary operation, the evaporative heat transfer coefficient decreased monotonically with heat load whereas the thermal resistance decreased to a minimum then increased. Heat input to the compensation chamber was found to increase the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and decrease the thermal resistance for Q(in) = 500 W. Transient periodic flow reversal in the loop heat pipe was found for some cases, which was likely due to vapor bubble formation in the primary wick. Operation in an elevated acceleration environment revealed that dry out was dependent on both Q(in) and a(r), and the ability for the loop heat pipe to reprime after an acceleration event that induced dry out was influenced by the evaporator temperature. The evaporative heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistance were found not to be significantly dependent on radial acceleration. However, the evaporator wall superheat was found to increase slightly with radial acceleration at high heat loads. C1 [Fleming, Andrew J.; Yerkes, Kirk L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thomas, Scott K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Fleming, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.2514/1.45684 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 550GR UT WOS:000274116800019 ER PT J AU Aidinian, G Fox, CJ Rasmussen, TE Gillespie, DL AF Aidinian, Gilbert Fox, Charles J. Rasmussen, Todd E. Gillespie, David L. TI Varied presentations of missile emboli in military combat SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VENOUS BULLET EMBOLISM; EXTRACTION; WARTIME; TRAUMA AB Fragment embolization is a rare phenomenon in trauma patients. Although surgical and endovascular management of vascular injuries have evolved significantly, the detection and management of fragment emboli remain a formidable challenge. We reviewed our experience with this entity from December 2001 to March 2008. During this time period, four (1.1%) of 346 US soldiers evacuated to Walter Reed with arterial or venous injuries were discovered to have suffered missile emboli. Venous emboli were treated with anticoagulation and arterial emboli were treated with standard embolectomy techniques with good result. The presentation, diagnosis, and surgical management of these cases are described. (J Vasc Surg 2010;51:214-7.) C1 [Aidinian, Gilbert; Fox, Charles J.; Gillespie, David L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Fox, Charles J.; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Gillespie, David L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Norman Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Gillespie, David L.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Vasc Surg, Rochester, NY USA. RP Aidinian, G (reprint author), Dept Surg, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. EM gilbert.aidinian@us.army.mil OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 214 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.06.054 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 545BX UT WOS:000273708500037 PM 19703749 ER PT J AU Singh, N Causey, W Brounts, L Clouse, WD Curry, T Andersen, C AF Singh, Niten Causey, Wayne Brounts, Lionel Clouse, W. Darrin Curry, Thomas Andersen, Charles TI Vascular surgery knowledge and exposure obtained during medical school and the potential impact on career decisions SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS; TRAINING-PROGRAMS; CERTIFICATION; SPECIALTY; CHOICE AB Background: The pathway to primary certification in vascular surgery is evolving, requiring trainees to make earlier career decisions. The goal of this study was to evaluate exposure to and knowledge of vascular surgery obtained during medical school that could affect career decisions. Methods. A survey was conducted of recent medical school graduates entering military residency programs. Questions were designed to ascertain the medical school attended and degree obtained, exposure to and perception of vascular surgery, and basic vascular surgery knowledge. Results. Of 316 individuals who were identified and sent surveys, 218 (69%) responded. There were 131 allopathic graduates (60%), 87 (40%) osteopathic graduates, and 53 (25%) were entering a surgical residency. Clinical clerkships (32%) were the primary reason for specialty selection, followed by lifestyle (29%). Most respondents (66%) did not have a vascular clinical clerkship. Regarding perception, 56% of respondents would consult interventional radiology for a peripheral arteriogram vs vascular surgery (39%). The mean score of the knowledge-based questions was 69%. Incoming postgraduate year (PGY) 1 surgical residents had a statistically higher mean score on the knowledge portion (P < .001). In addition, a positive correlation was noted with the number of weeks spent on a surgical (P < .03) and a vascular surgical (P < .001) rotation and the mean score. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher percentage of individuals with a vascular clerkship achieved a "high" score vs those without a vascular surgery clerkship (P < .001). Conclusion: Our cohort of medical school graduates had limited exposure to and knowledge of vascular surgery. Providing more clinical exposure in medical school appears necessary to ensure success of the modified pathways for primary certification in vascular surgery. (J Vase Surg 2010;51:252-8.) C1 [Singh, Niten; Causey, Wayne; Brounts, Lionel; Curry, Thomas; Andersen, Charles] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Singh, Niten; Causey, Wayne; Brounts, Lionel; Curry, Thomas; Andersen, Charles] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Vasc & Endovasc Surg Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Clouse, W. Darrin] David Grant US AF Hosp, Dept Surg, Davis, CA USA. [Clouse, W. Darrin] David Grant US AF Hosp, Vasc & Endovasc Surg Serv, Davis, CA USA. RP Singh, N (reprint author), 9040-A Fitzsimmons Dr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM niten.n.singh@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.07.116 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 545BX UT WOS:000273708500044 PM 19939605 ER PT J AU Myers, CW Gray, WD AF Myers, Christopher W. Gray, Wayne D. TI Visual scan adaptation during repeated visual search SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE visual scan; scanpath; adaptation; visual search; scan similarity; normalized similarity index ID SACCADIC EYE-MOVEMENTS; WORKING-MEMORY; ATTENTION; SCANPATHS; STRATEGY; PERCEPTION; ACTIVATION; REFLEXIVE; PATTERNS; IMAGES AB There is no consensus as to how to characterize eye fixations during visual search. On the one hand, J. M. Wolfe, G. A. Alvarez, and T. S. Horowitz (2000) have described them as a haphazard sequence of fixations. On the other hand is research that shows systematic repetition of visual patterns when freely viewing a scene (T. Foulsham & G. Underwood, 2008; D. Noton & L. W. Stark, 1971a). Two experiments are reported that demonstrate the repetition and adaptation of visual scans during visual search, supporting an adaptive scanning hypothesis. When trials were repeated in a simple search task, visual scan similarity and search efficiency increased. These increments in similarity and efficiency demonstrate the systematic and adaptive nature of visual scans to the characteristics of the visual environment during search. C1 [Myers, Christopher W.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Gray, Wayne D.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY USA. RP Myers, CW (reprint author), 2698 G St Bldg 190, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.myers@mesa.afmc.af.mil RI Gray, Wayne/C-1809-2008 OI Gray, Wayne/0000-0002-1704-7433 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFOSR [F49620-03-1-0143]; Office of Naval Research ONR [N000140310046] FX This research was conducted by the authors at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The authors would like to thank Brett R. Fajen and members of the CogWorks Laboratory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for their comments on earlier versions of this report. Support for this work was provided in part by grants to Wayne D. Gray from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFOSR #F49620-03-1-0143 and the Office of Naval Research ONR #N000140310046. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 AR 4 DI 10.1167/10.8.4 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 635HT UT WOS:000280646900004 PM 20884579 ER PT J AU Todd, JT Christensen, JT Guckes, KC AF Todd, James T. Christensen, James T. Guckes, Kevin C. TI Are discrimination thresholds a valid measure of variance for judgments of slant from texture? SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE shape; depth; slant; texture; cue integration ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; SURFACE ORIENTATION; BINOCULAR DISPARITY; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; CURVED SURFACES; PERCEIVED DEPTH; 3-D SHAPE; INFORMATION; STEREOPSIS; PERSPECTIVE AB There have been many experiments reported in the literature that have employed discrimination procedures to estimate the variance of observers' slant judgments from texture and binocular disparity, both individually and in combination. The research described in the present article identifies two serious methodological flaws in these studies. Although discrimination thresholds can be influenced by the variance of observers' slant estimates, they can also be affected by systematic biases in observers' judgments, and the presence of 2D cues that are irrelevant to the perception of slant. A series of five experiments is reported to show that: (1) the slants of surfaces specified by texture gradients can be systematically underestimated; (2) surfaces specified by texture gradients appear significantly less slanted than equivalent surfaces specified by binocular disparity; (3) the difference in bias between observers' slant judgments from stereo and texture may be more important than their relative variance in determining how these cues are weighted when presented in combination; (4) observers may be less sensitive to variations in apparent slant from texture than they are to variations in 2D cues that are unrelated to the perception of slant; and (5) these 2D cues may be the primary source of information for discriminating images of textured surfaces. These findings provide strong evidence that the results of prior discrimination studies have been misinterpreted because of the confounding effects of bias and/or 2D cues, and that this has resulted in several questionable conclusions that have been broadly accepted within the field. C1 [Todd, James T.; Guckes, Kevin C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Christensen, James T.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Todd, JT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Todd.44@osu.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0546107] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BCS-0546107). We are most grateful to Bart Anderson, Fulvio Domini, Barbara Gillam, and Jeff Saunders for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 AR 20 DI 10.1167/10.2.20 PG 18 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 573ED UT WOS:000275890300020 ER PT J AU Lopes, G Salcone, M Neff, M AF Lopes, Gustavo Salcone, Mark Neff, Marc TI Laparoscopic-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement SO JSLS-JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article DE PEG; Gastrostomy; Laparoscopic AB Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the most common way of placing a feeding tube. Sometimes PEG cannot be used to safely place a feeding tube, most commonly secondary to an inability to transilluminate the abdominal wall. Whereas open gastrostomy was previously necessary in such cases, laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (LAPEG) is a viable option and is reviewed here. Methods: All patients referred for surgical feeding tube placement after unsuccessful PEG were considered for LAPEG. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to identify the reason for the failed PEG attempt. Additional ports were placed as needed for the retraction of organs and lysis of adhesions. The stomach was visualized, and the PEG was placed. Results: Eight patients who underwent an unsuccessful PEG were taken to the operating room for LAPEG. All patients had successful LAPEG placement. No postoperative complications occurred. The most common reason identified for failed PEG attempt was adhesions followed by overlying organs. Average OR time was 32 minutes. Conclusion: When conventional PEG placement is not possible, LAPEG placement should be considered as a time efficient, minimally invasive alternative to open gastrostomy. C1 [Lopes, Gustavo] USAF, Dept Surg, Eglin AFB Hosp, FL 32542 USA. [Salcone, Mark] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Osteopath Med, Dept Surg, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA. [Neff, Marc] Kennedy Hlth Syst, Cherry Hill, NJ USA. RP Lopes, G (reprint author), USAF, Dept Surg, 307 Boatner Rd,Suite 114, Eglin AFB Hosp, FL 32542 USA. EM Gustavo@lopes-usa.net NR 10 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SURGEONS PI MIAMI PA 7330 SW 62 PL, STE 410, MIAMI, FL 33143-4825 USA SN 1086-8089 J9 JSLS-J SOC LAPAROEND JI JSLS-J. Soc. Laparoendosc. Surg. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.4293/108680810X12674612014662 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 610TX UT WOS:000278761200012 PM 20529530 ER PT S AU Wang, JS Smetana, AB Boeckl, JJ Brown, GJ Wai, CM AF Wang, Joanna S. Smetana, Alexander B. Boeckl, John J. Brown, Gail J. Wai, Chien M. BE Kymissis, I TI Deposition of Ordered Arrays of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles in Nanostructures Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide SO LARGE-AREA PROCESSING AND PATTERNING FOR OPTICAL, PHOTOVOLTAIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES - 2009 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society (MRS) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc (MRS), Cambridge Univ Press (CUP) ID THIN-FILMS; SIZE; MICROEMULSIONS; TEMPERATURE; GOLD AB Silver sulfide (Ag2S) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles of adjustable sizes are synthesized using a water-in-hexane microemulsion method and stabilized by dodecanethiol. The stabilized metal sulfide nanoparticles can be deposited homogenously on flat substrates forming ordered 2D arrays in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2). The use of Sc-CO2 leaves the particles unaffected by de-wetting effects and surface tension caused by traditional solvents and produces uniform arrays. The Sc-CO2 deposition technique can effectively fill the metal sulfide nanoparticles into nanoscale features, which is difficult to achieve by conventional solvent evaporation methods. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Smetana, Alexander B.; Boeckl, John J.; Brown, Gail J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-61738-755-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1196 DI 10.1557/PROC-1196-C06-23 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BBM98 UT WOS:000307447100011 ER PT S AU Savage, J Harrington, W McKinley, RA Burns, HN Braddom, S Szoboszlay, Z AF Savage, James Harrington, Walter McKinley, R. Andrew Burns, H. N. Braddom, Steven Szoboszlay, Zoltan BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI 3D-LZ Helicopter Ladar Imaging System SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XV CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser; ladar; helicopter; imaging; brownout; landing; DVE AB A joint-service team led by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Munitions and Sensors Directorates completed a successful flight test demonstration of the 3D-LZ Helicopter LADAR Imaging System. This was a milestone demonstration in the development of technology solutions for a problem known as "helicopter brownout", the loss of situational awareness caused by swirling sand during approach and landing. The 3D-LZ LADAR was developed by H.N. Burns Engineering and integrated with the US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate's Brown-Out Symbology System aircraft state symbology aboard a US Army EH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The combination of these systems provided an integrated degraded visual environment landing solution with landing zone situational awareness as well as aircraft guidance and obstacle avoidance information. Pilots from the U. S. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps achieved a 77% landing rate in full brownout conditions at a test range at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. This paper will focus on the LADAR technology used in 3D-LZ and the results of this milestone demonstration. C1 [Savage, James] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Savage, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM james.savage@eglin.af.mil NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8148-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7684 AR 768407 DI 10.1117/12.853625 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSM51 UT WOS:000284940500006 ER PT S AU Paxton, AH AF Paxton, Alan H. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L TI Propagation of 3-D Beams Using a Finite-Difference Algorithm: Practical Considerations SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control XII CY JAN 24-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE beam propagation; wave optics; paraxial wave equation; finite difference ID LASER AB We discuss practical aspects of the use of the finite-difference, alternating-direction implicit (ADI), numerical solution of the paraxial wave equation, for the free-space propagation of light beams. Results of calculations solving the finite-difference equations are compared with fresnel-integral solutions. Calculations are for round beams, but the field is represented in cartesian coordinates. Modes for empty unstable resonators are also obtained using the finite-difference algorithm and are compared with fresnel-integral solutions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7975-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7579 AR 757909 DI 10.1117/12.847942 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM42 UT WOS:000284931500005 ER PT J AU Wilmink, G Rivest, B Ibey, B Roach, W AF Wilmink, Gerald Rivest, Benjamin Ibey, Bennett Roach, William TI DETERMINATION OF DEATH THRESHOLDS AND IDENTIFICATION OF TERAHERTZ (THZ)-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine and Surgery CY APR 16-18, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 [Wilmink, Gerald; Rivest, Benjamin; Ibey, Bennett; Roach, William] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2010 SU 22 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 578LL UT WOS:000276295000050 ER PT J AU Wilmink, G Ibey, B Thomas, T Shulkin, B Peralta, X Rivest, B Roach, W AF Wilmink, Gerald Ibey, Bennett Thomas, Tongue Shulkin, Brian Peralta, Xomalin Rivest, Benjamin Roach, William TI DETERMINATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SKIN IN THE TERAHERTZ WAVELENGTH RANGE USING TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine and Surgery CY APR 16-18, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Zomega Terahertz Corp, Troy, NY USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2010 SU 22 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 578LL UT WOS:000276295000051 ER PT J AU Jones, LA AF Jones, Lizbeth A. TI A generational thing? SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 US AF Acad, McDermott Lib, Cataloging Branch, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jones, LA (reprint author), US AF Acad, McDermott Lib, Cataloging Branch, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 135 IS 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 545BA UT WOS:000273705600004 ER PT B AU Szabat, KA Tavana, M AF Szabat, Kathryn A. Tavana, Madjid BE OConnor, A TI Futurescope 2020: Global Management Support Systems in the Knowledge Age SO MANAGING ECONOMIES, TRADE AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Szabat, Kathryn A.] LaSalle Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [Szabat, Kathryn A.] Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tavana, Madjid] USAF, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Szabat, KA (reprint author), LaSalle Univ, Dept Management, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-27401-3 PY 2010 BP 332 EP 342 PG 11 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX64 UT WOS:000293076000019 ER PT B AU Kreps, SE AF Kreps, Sarah E. BE Rotberg, RI TI Social Networks and Technology in the Prevention of Crimes against Humanity SO MASS ATROCITY CRIMES: PREVENTING FUTURE OUTRAGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENOCIDE C1 [Kreps, Sarah E.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kreps, Sarah E.] Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Belfer Ctr Sci & Int Affairs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kreps, Sarah E.] Univ Virginia, Miller Ctr Publ Affairs, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kreps, Sarah E.] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kreps, SE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-0486-7 PY 2010 BP 175 EP 191 PG 17 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWV35 UT WOS:000295051900010 ER PT S AU Ojard, G Gowayed, Y Morscher, G Santhosh, U Ahmad, J Miller, R John, R AF Ojard, G. Gowayed, Y. Morscher, G. Santhosh, U. Ahmad, J. Miller, R. John, R. BE Singh, D Kriven, WM TI CREEP AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF MI SIC/SIC COMPOSITES AT TEMPERATURE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB As interest grows in considering the use of ceramic matrix composites for critical components, the response of the ceramic matrix composites to anticipated service conditions needs to be understood. To this end, this work presents an attempt to understand the fatigue behavior and its impact on the life of SiC/SiC composites. The effect of cyclic loading rate of 1 Hz and 30 Hz was evaluated at room temperature and 1204 degrees C. Multiple maximum stress levels were used at a stress ratio of 0.05. Past work by the authors documented the response of the material under creep and long term dwell fatigue (2 hour hold) loading. During this investigation, fatigue tests were carried out at similar maximum peak cyclic stress levels and temperatures. C1 [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [Gowayed, Y.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Morscher, G.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 45701 USA. [Santhosh, U.; Ahmad, J.] Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA 92071 USA. [John, R.] AFRL, RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 91945 USA. RP Ojard, G (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) [F33615-01-C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-D04] FX The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) sponsored this work under contracts F33615-01-C-5234 and F33615-03-D-2354-D04. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45752-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 143 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQS19 UT WOS:000281694100013 ER PT S AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, Geoff BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI FAST, AUTONOMOUS HOLOGRAPHIC ADAPTIVE OPTICS SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics IV CY JAN 27-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB We present details of a MEMS-based holographic adaptive optics system. The modal wavefront sensing relies on measuring the intensity of focal spots using a multiplexed hologram and multi-pixel photon counter. The basis set for the sensing is a direct recording of the actuator responses in the deformable mirror. This allows us to directly control the wavefront correction in closed loop without need for any calculations or computer. The entire system is compact and lightweight and the limiting speed is set only by the dynamics of the deformable mirror and not the number of actuators. C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Ste 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7991-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7595 AR 759507 DI 10.1117/12.842041 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSS09 UT WOS:000285578100004 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Williams, JC AF Pilchak, A. L. Williams, J. C. TI Crystallography of Fluted Fracture in Near-alpha Titanium Alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FACETS AB The fracture topography of two-phase titanium alloys is generally complex and reflects features of the underlying microstructure, including crystallographic orientation. This article describes the correlation between crystallographic orientation and the elongated dimples, more commonly known as flutes, that are often observed on fracture surfaces of alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys and other hcp metals. The correlations are made by employing quantitative tilt fractography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pilchak@matsceng.ohio-state.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 41A IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0091-z PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 539GQ UT WOS:000273242400005 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Williams, REA Williams, JC AF Pilchak, A. L. Williams, R. E. A. Williams, J. C. TI Crystallography of Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth in Fully Lamellar Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA/BETA-TITANIUM-ALLOY; INDIVIDUAL WIDMANSTATTEN COLONIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; MEASURED EBSD DATA; BETA-PHASE; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIPS; FACET CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MICROCRACK NUCLEATION; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; SLIP TRANSMISSION AB Fatigue crack initiation in titanium alloys is typically accompanied by the formation of planar, faceted features on the fracture surface. In the present study, quantitative tilt fractography, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the focused ion beam (FIB) have been used to provide a direct link between facet topography and the underlying microstructure, including the crystallographic orientation. In contrast to previous studies, which have focused mainly on the alpha-phase crystal orientation and the spatial orientation of the facets, the present analysis concentrates on the features that lie in the plane of the facet and how they relate to the underlying constituent phases and their crystallographic orientations. In addition, due to the anisotropic deformation behavior of the three basal slip systems, the orientation of the beta phase as it relates to facet crystallography was investigated for the first time. The implication of the beta-phase orientation on fatigue crack initiation was discussed in terms of its effect on slip behavior in lamellar microstructures. The effect of the local crystallographic orientation on fatigue crack initiation was also investigated by studying cracks that initiated naturally in the earliest stages of growth, which were revealed by FIB milling. The results indicate that boundaries that are crystallographically suited for slip transfer tend to initiate fatigue cracks. Several observations on the effect of the crystallographic orientation on the propagation of long fatigue cracks were also reported. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Williams, R. E. A.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pilchak@matscen-g.ohio-state.edu NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 41A IS 1 BP 106 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0064-2 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 539GQ UT WOS:000273242400013 ER PT S AU Bayraktaroglu, B Leedy, K Neidhard, R AF Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Leedy, Kevin Neidhard, Robert BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Nanocrystalline ZnO Microwave Thin Film Transistors SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Nanocrystalline; ZnO; thin films; pulsed lased deposition; atomic layer deposition; FET ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE; GROWTH; LAYER AB Nanocrystalline ZnO films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition were used to fabricate the first thin film transistors that operate at microwave frequencies. Unlike more conventional amorphous Si and organic thin film transistors, which are only suitable for low speed applications, ZnO-based thin film transistors exhibit figure-of-merit device numbers that are comparable to single crystal transistors. These include on/off ratio of 10(12), current density of >400mA/mm and field effect mobility of 110 cm(2)/V.s. Parameters, including film growth temperature, gate insulators, and device layout designs were examined in detail to maximize performance. We have achieved current gain cut-off frequency, f(T), and power gain cut-off frequency, f(max), values of 2.9GHz and 10GHz, respectively with 1.2 mu m gate length devices demonstrating that ZnO-based TFTs are suitable for microwave applications. C1 [Bayraktaroglu, Burhan; Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bayraktaroglu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL RYDD, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 767904 DI 10.1117/12.849666 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300005 ER PT S AU Cardimona, DA Huang, DH AF Cardimona, D. A. Huang, D. H. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI New Optical Detector Concepts for Space Applications SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum interference; photonic crystals; plasmonics; quantum dot detectors; quantum well detectors AB At the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, we are investigating detector concepts of use in Space Situational Awareness scenarios. For such applications, the object of interest is usually far away and often very dim. Our challenge becomes trying to identify such dim/distant space objects. To that end, we are investigating two optical signal amplification schemes and a wavelength-tunable detector scheme. One of the amplification schemes involves quantum interference in quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities, and one of the schemes involves near-field enhancements due to plasmonic interactions on patterned metal surfaces. The tunable detector scheme involves burying semiconductor quantum dots in one quantum well of a double-quantum-well structure, and then biasing the structure laterally. C1 [Cardimona, D. A.; Huang, D. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 767903 DI 10.1117/12.851072 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300004 ER PT S AU Hadynski, G Lee, SB Rajappan, G Sundaram, R Wang, X Zhou, F AF Hadynski, G. Lee, S. B. Rajappan, G. Sundaram, R. Wang, X. Zhou, F. GP IEEE TI Optimization of Directional Antenna Network Topology in Airborne Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Heterogeneous networks; Mobile ad hoc networks; Network architectures; Network optimization; Network planning and topology AB Future IP-based Airborne Networks, important components in net-centric military communications, are envisioned to consist of a persistent backbone core network and dynamic tactical edge networks. The backbone would consist of quasi-stable platforms equipped with multiple high-capacity directional wireless links. The tactical edge networks would consist of highly dynamic platforms such as fighter jets equipped with omni-directional wireless links, and these would be interconnected by the backbone core network. Maintaining optimal backbone topology is an important problem with significant operational impact. Factors such as non-uniform link capacities, the number of traffic sources and sinks, and connectivity complicate the problem. The solution consists of making optimal selection of the link directionality and the possible insertion of communication relay nodes. We approach the solution by abstracting the network as a template from which to select the optimal combination of edges (transmitter-receiver pairs) and nodes (relays). Through innovative graph and flow-theoretic reductions we show that the single sink (or alternatively single source) case can be solved in polynomial time for uniform backbone link capacities. In contrast, we prove not only that the problem is NP-complete for non-uniform backbone link capacities but that the non-uniform case of the problem is hard to approximate to within even a logarithmic factor. Nevertheless we present a scheme based on iterative rounding that scales well in practice. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a performance within a factor 2 of the theoretical best. This allows us to conclude that the use of algorithmic techniques in configuring backbone networks can contribute significantly in improving network performance. C1 [Hadynski, G.] USAF, Res Labs, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Sundaram, R.; Zhou, F.] Northeastern Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Boston, MA USA. [Lee, S. B.; Rajappan, G.; Wang, X.] Mayflower Commun Co Inc, Burlington, MA USA. RP Hadynski, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Gregory.hadynski@rl.af.mil; sblee@mayflowercom.com; rajappan@mayflowercom.com; koods@ccs.neu.edu; wang@mayflowercom.com; youyou@ccs.neu.edu FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-09-C-0119] FX The work presented herein was performed under the US Air Force Research Laboratory Contract No. FA8750-09-C-0119. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200368 ER PT S AU Kothari, A Shen, BH Tiwari, A Ganguli, A Xu, SL Krzysiak, D AF Kothari, Aditya Shen, Bao-Hong Tiwari, Abhishek Ganguli, Anurag Xu, Shuli Krzysiak, David GP IEEE TI Performance characterization of ad hoc routing protocols with mobility awareness SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB In modern warfare, informational and situational awareness is vital to superiority on the battle field. In our previous work, we have shown that communication planning based on mission plans can greatly improve the performance of the tactical communication networks. In the Mobility Aware Routing Protocol (MARP)/Mobility Dissemination Protocol (MDP), this mission information is utilized to route traffic based on the knowledge of the Airborne Network topology with respect to time and make preemptive decisions to minimize packet losses due to link failures. However, it is always difficult for the wide body aircrafts to follow the prescribed trajectories accurately, leading to imperfections in the predicted topologies. In this paper, we extend the idea of mobility aware routing for situations where the mission information is inaccurate. We simulate different scenarios to introduce these imperfections and through stress tests and simulation studies, we have compared the performance of MARP/MDP with other standard Proactive Ad Hoc routing protocol like OLSR. Based on the scenarios of study, we have empirically observed that MARP/MDP always performs better than OLSR. In this paper, we also discuss and report performance parameters collected from an emulated Linux based testbed. We developed MARP/MDP routers using Zebra/Quagga routing protocol suite and used a real time Network Emulator to set up the experiments. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-2458, 06 May 10. C1 [Kothari, Aditya; Shen, Bao-Hong; Tiwari, Abhishek; Ganguli, Anurag; Xu, Shuli] UtopiaCompression Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Krzysiak, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome Res Site RIGC, Networking Technol, Davis, CA USA. RP Kothari, A (reprint author), UtopiaCompression Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM aditya@utopiacompression.com; bao-hang@utopiacompression.com; abhishek@utopiacompression.com; anurag@utopiacompression.com; shuli@utopiacompression.com; David.Krzysiak@rl.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680281 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200343 ER PT S AU Suri, N Marcon, M Uszok, A Breedy, M Bradshaw, JM Carvalho, M Hanna, J Hillman, R Sinclair, A Combs, V AF Suri, Niranjan Marcon, Massimiliano Uszok, Andrzej Breedy, Maggie Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Carvalho, Marco Hanna, James Hillman, Robert Sinclair, Asher Combs, Vaughn GP IEEE TI A Dynamic and Policy-Controlled Approach to Federating Information Systems SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Architectures; Coalition Operations; Interoperability; Policy-based Information Sharing; Network-centric systems and technologies; System of systems AB Timely access to relevant data and information is critical to successful mission execution in network centric warfare. Often, the data required to support a mission is not always resident within a single system, but is distributed among multiple systems that must be dynamically interconnected to support the data and information needs. While proprietary and stove-piped information systems have slowly given way to standardized information management architectures (such as the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) architecture developed by the US Air Force Research Laboratory), each independent organization and/or mission is normally associated with a separate instance of a managed information space that operates in an independent manner. This is necessary given the different stakeholders and administrative domains responsible for the information. However, the demands for coordination and cooperation require interoperability and information exchange between these independently operating information spaces. This paper describes a federated approach to interconnecting multiple information spaces to enable data interchange. We propose a set of interfaces to facilitate dynamic, runtime discovery and federation of information spaces. We also integrate with the KAoS policy and domain services framework to realize policy-based control over the federation and exchange of information. Our approach allows clients to transparently perform publish, subscribe, and query operations across all the federated information spaces. We have integrated with three existing JBI implementations - Apollo from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Mercury from General Dynamics and AIMS from Northrop Grumman. Most recently, we have integrated with Phoenix, a fully SoA (Service-oriented Architecture) based approach to information management. C1 [Suri, Niranjan; Marcon, Massimiliano; Uszok, Andrzej; Breedy, Maggie; Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.; Carvalho, Marco] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Hanna, James; Hillman, Robert] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Suri, N (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. OI Carvalho, Marco/0000-0002-2354-9640 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-07-2-0174] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement FA8750-07-2-0174. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680377 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200342 ER PT S AU Agne, C Cornell, B Dale, M Kearns, R Lee, F AF Agne, Craig Cornell, Billy Dale, Mark Kearns, Ronald Lee, Franklin GP IEEE TI SHARED-SPECTRUM BANDWIDTH EFFICIENT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Recent innovations have allowed terminals on each side of a satellite link to share the same spectrum on a transponded satellite. This technology is used in commercial satellite links to enable bandwidth savings and / or improve link margins. In addition, advanced error correction techniques, not generally deployed in US MILSATCOM terminals are now widely available. This paper explores the potential bandwidth savings when using a combination of these technologies relative to currently used technology. The fundamental techniques and basic algorithms underlying the shared spectrum "Carrier-in-Carrier" technology will be discussed. The results of a recent over-the-air satellite test, using a variety of current US MILSATCOM terminals, to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology is presented. C1 [Agne, Craig] Mitre Corp, Scott Afb, IL 62221 USA. [Cornell, Billy] MCTSSA, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Dale, Mark] Comtech EF Data, Tempe, AZ USA. [Kearns, Ronald] PM DCATS, Systek, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. [Lee, Franklin] Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Agne, C (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Scott Afb, IL 62221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680379 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200032 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Hussein, II Erwin, RS AF Wang, Y. Hussein, I. I. Erwin, R. S. GP IEEE TI Bayesian Detection and Classification for Space-Augmented Space Situational Awareness Under Intermittent Communications SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID DISTRIBUTED DETECTION; MULTIPLE SENSORS AB This paper examines the problem of detecting and classifying objects in Earth orbit using a space-augmented space surveillance network (SA-SSN). A SA-SSN uses a combination of ground-and space-based sensors to monitor activities over a range of space orbits from low earth orbits up to an altitude higher than the geosynchronous orbit. We develop a cost-aware Bayesian risk analysis approach for object detection and classification, using range-angle sensors with intermittent information-sharing between the sensors. The problem is formulated in a simplified two-dimensional setting where the SA-SSN is composed of four ground-based sensor and a space-based orbiting sensor satellite. This is done in order to reduce computational complexity while retaining the basic nontrivial elements of the problem. We will demonstrate that objects in geosynchronous orbits can be detected and perfectly classified (under appropriate sensor models) if they intermittently cross the field of view of some sensor in the SA-SSN, and that performance degrades for objects located in non-geosynchronous orbits. We will conclude the paper with future research directions on how to address the detection and classification of objects in non-geosynchronous orbits. C1 [Wang, Y.; Hussein, I. I.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Erwin, R. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate AFRL RV, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM yuewang@wpi.edu; ihussein@wpi.edu; richard.erwin@kirtland.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680420 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200126 ER PT S AU Kung, HT Lin, CK Lin, TH Tarsa, SJ Vlah, D Hague, D Muccio, M Poland, B Suter, B AF Kung, H. T. Lin, Chit-Kwan Lin, Tsung-Han Tarsa, Stephen J. Vlah, Dario Hague, Daniel Muccio, Michael Poland, Brendon Suter, Bruce GP IEEE TI A LOCATION-DEPENDENT RUNS-AND-GAPS MODEL FOR PREDICTING TCP PERFORMANCE OVER A UAV WIRELESS CHANNEL SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB In this paper, we use a finite-state model to predict the performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over a varying wireless channel between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground nodes. As a UAV traverses its flight path, the wireless channel may experience periods of significant packet loss, successful packet delivery, and intermittent reception. By capturing packet run-length and gap-length statistics at various locations on the flight path, this location-dependent model can predict TCP throughput in spite of dynamically changing channel characteristics. We train the model by using packet traces from flight tests in the field and validate it by comparing TCP throughput distributions for model-generated traces against those for actual traces randomly sampled from field data. Our modeling methodology is general and can be applied to any UAV flight path. C1 [Kung, H. T.; Lin, Chit-Kwan; Lin, Tsung-Han; Tarsa, Stephen J.; Vlah, Dario] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hague, Daniel; Muccio, Michael; Poland, Brendon; Suter, Bruce] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Kung, HT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-09-2-0180, FA8750-10-2-0180] FX This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement numbers FA8750-09-2-0180 and FA8750-10-2-0180. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680465 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200367 ER PT S AU Cheng, YH Ghosh, A Chadha, R Levin, GM Wolberg, M Chiang, CJ Hadynski, G AF Cheng, Yuu-Heng Ghosh, Abhrajit Chadha, Ritu Levin, Gary M. Wolberg, Michelle Chiang, C. Jason Hadynski, Gregory GP IEEE TI Managing Network Security Policies in Tactical MANETs Using DRAMA SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE network access control; network operations; firewalls; MANET; security; policy-based management AB Military networks are required to adapt their access control policies to the Information Operations Condition (INFOCON) levels to minimize the impact of potential malicious activities. Such adaptations must be automated to the extent possible, consistent with mission requirements, and applied network-wide. In this paper, we present a Policy-Based Network Security (PBNS) management approach for tactical MANETs. This approach leverages the DRAMA policy based network management system and the Smart Firewall system to meet the above requirement. It allows administrators to specify low-level network access control policies for each INFOCON level using high-level policies (adapted from the Smart Firewalls approach). The high-level policies are securely distributed to all the policy decision points in the network, which evaluate and enforce policies in a distributed manner. As a consequence of enforcing policies in response to INFOCON level changes, appropriate access control policies will be derived and applied to local firewall devices without human intervention. Thus, operator burden can be significantly reduced and inadvertent errors can be avoided. C1 [Cheng, Yuu-Heng; Ghosh, Abhrajit; Chadha, Ritu; Levin, Gary M.; Wolberg, Michelle; Chiang, C. Jason] Telcordia, Knowledge Based Syst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hadynski, Gregory] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Cheng, YH (reprint author), Telcordia, Knowledge Based Syst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM chadha@research.telcordia.com; Gregory.Hadynski@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-07-C-0110] FX The research reported in this document/presentation was performed in connection with contract number FA8750-07-C-0110 with the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, or the U.S. Government unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer's or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 960 EP 964 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200224 ER PT S AU Baird, LC Carlisle, MC Bahn, WL AF Baird, Leemon C., III Carlisle, Martin C. Bahn, William L. GP IEEE TI Unkeyed Jam Resistance 300 Times Faster: The Inchworm Hash SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB An important problem is achieving jam resistance in omnidirectional radio communication without any shared secret or shared key. The only known algorithm that solves this problem is the BBC (Baird, Bahn, Collins) concurrent code [1]. However, BBC requires the choice of a hash function. The choice of hash determines both the speed and security of BBC. Cryptographic hashes such as the standard SHA-1 hash are not well suited for this application. We propose the Inchworm hash, a new algorithm specifically designed for use in BBC. We show that this avoids a theoretical weakness for this application that is present in SHA-1 due to the Small Internal State Theorem [2], and that it passes a simple battery of empirical tests. When used in BBC, Inchworm is over 300 times faster than SHA-1. This speeds up encoding and decoding by orders of magnitude, with great benefits for practical implementations of unkeyed jam resistance, especially on small, cheap radios. C1 [Baird, Leemon C., III; Carlisle, Martin C.; Bahn, William L.] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, LC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. EM Leemon.Baird@USAFA.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1298 EP 1303 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200254 ER PT S AU Ding, L Nagaraju, PB Melodia, T Batalama, SN Pados, DA Matyjas, JD AF Ding, Lei Nagaraju, Pradeep B. Melodia, Tommaso Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Software-defined Joint Routing and Waveform Selection for Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Cognitive radio ad hoc networks; dynamic spectrum access; power allocation; software defined radio AB The problem of throughput maximization in a cognitive radio network with decentralized control (i.e., a cognitive radio ad hoc network) is considered in this paper. First, decentralized and localized algorithms for throughput maximization through joint cognitive routing and interference-avoiding waveform selection are proposed, based on a nonlinear optimization framework. The proposed algorithms adapt to time-varying traffic demands, interference profile, and network topology to locally maximize the achievable data rate while avoiding harmful interference to co-located primary or secondary users. Second, a prototype implementation of the proposed decentralized control algorithms is presented. The prototype is based on a software-defined-radio USRP2 platform that distributively senses and adapts its transmission based on results from real-time nonlinear optimization. Experiments on the software-defined-radio platform demonstrate the superior adaptivity of the proposed algorithm with respect to state-of-the-art non-cognitive approaches. C1 [Ding, Lei; Nagaraju, Pradeep B.; Melodia, Tommaso; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [45790]; [88ABW-2010-2385] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory under Award No. 45790. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-2385 dated 03 May 2010 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1454 EP 1459 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200370 ER PT S AU Li, M Batalama, SN Pados, DA Melodia, T Medley, MJ Matyjas, JD AF Li, Ming Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Melodia, Tommaso Medley, Michael J. Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Cognitive Code-Division Channelization with Blind Primary-System Identification SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Blind user identification; code-channel allocation; code-division multiple-access; cognitive radio; dynamic spectrum access; power allocation; signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio ID AD HOC NETWORKS; RADIO NETWORKS; DESIGN AB We consider the problem of cognitive code-division channelization (simultaneous power and code-channel allocation) for secondary transmission links co-existing with an unknown primary code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. We first develop a blind primary-user identification scheme to detect the binary code sequences (signatures) utilized by primary users. To create a secondary link we propose two alternative procedures -one of moderate and one of low computational complexity-that optimize the secondary transmitting power and binary code-channel assignment in accordance with the detected primary code channels to avoid "harmful" interference. At the same time, the optimization procedures guarantee that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the maximum SINR linear secondary receiver is no less than a certain threshold to meet secondary transmission quality of service (QoS) requirements. C1 [Li, Ming; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.; Melodia, Tommaso] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Medley, Michael J.; Matyjas, John D.] US Air Force Res Lab, RIGF, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Pados, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mingli@buffalo.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; pados@buffalo.edu; tmelodia@buffalo.edu; michael.medley@rl.af.mil; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-08-1-0063] FX his work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-08-1-0063. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1460 EP 1465 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200373 ER PT S AU Miniscalco, W Waite, S Fisher, K Colby, K Howlett, M Smith, I Lane, S AF Miniscalco, William Waite, Stephanie Fisher, Kirk Colby, Kevin Howlett, Michael Smith, Irl Lane, Steven GP IEEE TI 10 Gb/s Ethernet Laser Communications Using Optical Space-Time Division Multiple Access SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB The use of free-space laser communications for military applications will continue to increase because of its advantages with respect to bandwidth, low probability of detection, interception and jamming, and absence of spectrum restrictions. Multiple access, the ability of a terminal to simultaneously provide network access for multiple users, will become increasingly important as the number of users increases. Decreasing cost, size, weight, and power per user is essential to increasing the number and types of lasercom users. We have developed an approach to multiple-access lasercom that accomplishes this using the commercial paradigm of sharing the most expensive terminal resources among all the users. Space-time division multiple-access (STDMA), analogous to an optical space-time switch, hops the transmit beam and receive direction among multiple users and exchanges data while the beam dwells on a user. A key enabler of STDMA is electronic beam steering, which provides fast, precise, agile beam re-pointing. We present the results of laboratory tests of STDMA for two users. The dead-time in re-pointing the beam between users has been measured under different conditions and found to be as low as 10 ms. This is low enough to enable efficient bandwidth utilization. 10 Gb/s Ethernet traffic has been transmitted to the terminals to directly measure bandwidth efficiency, which varied from similar to 85% to 98% depending on the transmission time per remote terminal. C1 [Miniscalco, William; Waite, Stephanie; Fisher, Kirk; Colby, Kevin; Howlett, Michael; Smith, Irl] Raytheon Co, Network Centr Syst, Andover, MA 01810 USA. [Lane, Steven] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Miniscalco, W (reprint author), Raytheon Co, Network Centr Syst, Andover, MA 01810 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate; Kirtland AFB; NM FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 1607 EP 1612 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680179 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200382 ER PT S AU Cobb, WE Garcia, EW Temple, MA Baldwin, RO Kim, YC AF Cobb, William E. Garcia, Eric W. Temple, Michael A. Baldwin, Rusty O. Kim, Yong C. GP IEEE TI Physical Layer Identification of Embedded Devices Using RF-DNA Fingerprinting SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB RF distinct native attribute (RF-DNA) fingerprinting is introduced as a means to uniquely identify embedded processors and other integrated circuit devices by passively monitoring and exploiting unintentional RF emissions. Device discrimination is accomplished using RF-DNA fingerprints comprised of higher-order statistical features based on instantaneous amplitude and frequency responses as a device executes a sequence of operations. The resultant fingerprints are input to a Multiple Discriminant Analysis/Maximum Likelihood (MDA/ML) processor for subsequent device discrimination. Using devices from a given manufacturer and experimentally collected side channel signals, 90-100% identification accuracy is achieved for SNR >= 12 dB for devices with identical part numbers from the same production lot. Depending on the level of required classification accuracy, RF-DNA fingerprinting is well-suited for realistic environments and practical operating distances. Applications of device RF-DNA fingerprints include supplementary physical layer authentication of secure tokens (e.g. smart cards), detection of counterfeit electronic devices or unauthorized modification, and forensic attribution of a device's unique identity in criminal or other investigations. C1 [Cobb, William E.; Garcia, Eric W.; Temple, Michael A.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Kim, Yong C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM William.Cobb@afit.edu NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2168 EP 2173 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680487 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200196 ER PT J AU Trocha-Van Nort, A AF Trocha-Van Nort, Andrea BE Higbee, D TI Literature, Identity, and Officership SO MILITARY CULTURE AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Trocha-Van Nort, A (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-0758-4 PY 2010 BP 91 EP 103 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5IY UT WOS:000336717600008 ER PT J AU Furse, SP Azad, A Joshi, KG Faubion, MD AF Furse, Sonja P. Azad, Alvi Joshi, Kaustubh G. Faubion, Matthew D. TI Prolonged Hospitalization and Diagnostic Clarification Saves US Air Force $650,000 in Unwarranted Disability Payments SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARE AB Over the last few decades in health care a premium has been placed on decreasing the length of stay.(1) Cost containment measures and more effective psychotropic medications have fueled this trend.(2) The new paradigm is "diagnose, stabilize quickly, and discharge to outpatient setting." Although in the short run this model saves money, it is at the cost of an accurate diagnosis; however, in the long run the costs far exceed the initial savings, especially in today's dismal economy. This editorial presents a case report where prolonged psychiatric hospitalization and diagnostic clarification saved the U.S. Air Force $650,000 in unwarranted disability payments. C1 [Furse, Sonja P.; Azad, Alvi; Joshi, Kaustubh G.; Faubion, Matthew D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Furse, SP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP VIII EP VIII PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800002 PM 20108832 ER PT J AU Graham, JB Vandewalle, KS AF Graham, James B. Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Effect of Long-Term Storage Temperatures on the Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesives SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYTIC STABILITY; DENTIN ADHESIVES; SYSTEMS; BOTTLE AB Manufacturers often recommend refrigerated storage of self-etching enamel and dentin adhesives. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear-bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two different self-etching adhesives after extended storage at room or refrigerated temperatures. One- and two-step self-etching bonding agents were stored separately at room (23 degrees C) or refrigerated temperatures (5 degrees C) per manufacturer recommendations for 1, 4, or 18 months before testing. After each time period, composite resin was bonded to the dentinal surface of extracted human third molars using a mold and tested in shear on a universal-testing machine. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance/Tukey's test. No significant difference in bond strengths was found on the basis of storage temperature for either adhesive type. The one-step adhesive had a significant loss in bond strength over the 18 months of storage. However, the two-step self-etch adhesive had no loss in bond strength, regardless of storage temperature. C1 [Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Dunn Dent Clin, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Graham, JB (reprint author), 381 TRS XWA,Bldg 1917, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800016 PM 20108846 ER PT J AU Burks, RE Moore, JT Barnes, JW Bell, JE AF Burks, Robert E. Moore, James T. Barnes, J. Wesley Bell, John E. TI Solving the Theater Distribution Problem with Tabu Search SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tabu search; Theater distribution; Location routing problem; Routing; Group theory; Scheduling AB The concept of an integrated logistics system is critical in constructing an efficient logistics distribution system. Management decisions concerning the number, size, and location of supply facilities, the allocation of customers and assets to these facilities, and the required delivery structure are crucial decisions in any distribution system. Theater distribution embodies the flow of logistics resources between military strategic sources and customers within a geographic military area of operation. The "location routing pickup and delivery problem with time windows" (LPDPTW) is associated with determining the set of vehicle depot locations to open, allocation of transportation assets to these depots, the selection of appropriate supply facilities, the allocation of customers to supply facilities, and the development of a vehicle routing and scheduling plan that achieves the time definite delivery (TDD) of demands while minimizing the total distribution system cost within a theater. The distribution network's logistics footprint within the geographic area of operation largely determines the system's cost, which consists of the costs of establishing and operating the transportation depots and supply facilities and the transportation costs incurred by the distribution network. This paper describes an implementation of an effective adaptive tabu search (ATS) methodology for the theater distribution problem (TDP). This methodology evaluates and provides a routing and scheduling of theater transportation assets at the individual asset level to ensure TDD for all demands. C1 [Burks, Robert E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Moore, James T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barnes, J. Wesley] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bell, John E.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Burks, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM reburks@nps.edu; james.moore@afit.edu; wbarnes@mailutexas.edu; bell@utk.edu RI Burks, Robert/J-2481-2015 OI Burks, Robert/0000-0001-6443-6653 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 BP 5 EP 26 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 737OK UT WOS:000288577900001 ER PT J AU Roesener, AG Barnes, JW Moore, JT Van Veldhuizen, DA AF Roesener, August G. Barnes, J. Wesley Moore, James T. Van Veldhuizen, David A. TI An Advanced Tabu Search Approach to the Static Airlift Loading Problem SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PACKING PROBLEMS; AIRCRAFT AB The Department of Defense has a standard tool used by all services to solve Static Aircraft Loading Problem (SALP) instances. This paper describes an advanced tabu search algorithm, SALP-TS, which successfully solves the SALP and shows potential savings when compared to the standard tool. Given a set of currently available palletized cargo to be transported from one aerial port of embarkation to an aerial port of debarkation, the SALP seeks to partition the pallets into aircraft loads, select an efficient and effective subset of aircraft from available aircraft, and to place the pallets in allowable positions on those aircraft. The SALP differs from many partitioning and packing problems described in the literature because, in addition to spatial constraints, factors such as allowable cabin load (ACL) and balance restrictions must be considered. SALP-TS is tested against the Defense Department's standard tool on twelve generated problem instances; the results of the twelve instances and their implications are presented. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. C1 [Barnes, J. Wesley] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Van Veldhuizen, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM August.Roesener@US.AF.Mil; wbames@mailutexas.edu; james.moore@afit.edu; David.VanVeldhuizen@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 29 PG 25 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 598FD UT WOS:000277818700001 ER PT J AU Krokhmal, PA Jeffcoat, DE AF Krokhmal, Pavia A. Jeffcoat, David E. TI On Measures of Cooperation in Distributed Systems Under Uncertainties SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cooperation; multi-agent systems; Markov processes; coefficient of cooperation; Kullback-Leibler divergence ID SEARCH AB We study the evolution of distributed multiagent systems under uncertainty where the autonomous agents may cooperate with each other, and/or with supervisor/operator, in order to achieve the system's objective. The cooperation is facilitated by means of information sharing among the autonomous agents and/or supervisor/operator, which has the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the autonomous agents. The evolution of cooperative systems is modeled using discrete-state, continuous-time Markov processes. To measure and quantify the degree of cooperation within such systems, we introduce the concept of coefficient of cooperation, which is obtained by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler or 1-norm distances between nonstationary probability distributions. The presented techniques are illustrated on several different types of multiagent search systems. C1 [Krokhmal, Pavia A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Jeffcoat, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Krokhmal, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM krokhmal@engineering.uiowa.edu; david.jeffcoat@eglin.af.mil FU AFOSR [FA8651-07-1-0001, LRIR 07MN01COR] FX This work was partially supported by AFOSR grants FA8651-07-1-0001 and LRIR 07MN01COR. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 BP 39 EP 53 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 737OK UT WOS:000288577900003 ER PT J AU Drasgow, F Nye, CD Carretta, TR Ree, MJ AF Drasgow, Fritz Nye, Christopher D. Carretta, Thomas R. Ree, Malcolm James TI Factor Structure of the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test Form S: Analysis and Comparison with Previous Forms SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIT INDEXES; COVARIANCE; MODELS AB Due to its importance for assignment and classification in the U. S. Air Force, the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) has received a substantial amount of research. Recently, the AFOQT was revised to reduce administrative burden and test-taker fatigue. However, the new version, the AFOQT Form S, was implemented without explicitly examining the latent structure of the exam. The current study examined the factor structure of Form S as well as its measurement equivalence across race- and sex-based groups. Results indicated that a bifactor model with a general intelligence factor and five content-specific factors fit the best. The measurement equivalence of the AFOQT across gender and racial/ethnic groups was also supported. C1 [Drasgow, Fritz] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Carretta, Thomas R.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ree, Malcolm James] Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Drasgow, F (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM fdrasgow@uiuc.edu RI Drasgow, Fritz/F-7686-2011 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 68 EP 85 DI 10.1080/08995600903249255 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 557AS UT WOS:000274640500006 ER PT J AU Chappelle, WL Novy, MPL Sowin, CTW Thompson, WT AF Chappelle, Wayne L. Novy, Major Pamela L. Sowin, Colonel Timothy W. Thompson, William T. TI NEO PI-R Normative Personality Data That Distinguish US Air Force Female Pilots SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIGHT STUFF; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; PROFILES AB Female U.S. Air Force (USAF) pilots represent a unique group of women in a challenging, high-risk, and male-dominated profession. Aside from ability and motivation, personality characteristics are considered to play a key role in succeeding as a military pilot (Paullin, Katz, Bruskiewicz, Houston, Damos, 2006). This study evaluated psychological baseline test scores from the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) on the current inventory of rated USAF female (n = 512) and male (n = 9630) pilots in an effort to (a) provide modern normative data on the personality traits of current USAF female pilots, (b) identify personality traits that distinguish female pilots from male pilots and non-pilot females in the civilian normative sample, and (c) assess for meaningful personality differences within female pilots across specific airframes (e.g., fighter/bomber, reconnaissance/surveillance, tanker/transport, and helicopter). The results of the study aim to shed light on objective personality traits and differences and assist clinical psychologists with the interpretation of NEO PI-R psychological test scores when evaluating USAF female pilots. A case vignette is provided to illustrate practical application of study findings. C1 [Chappelle, Wayne L.; Novy, Major Pamela L.; Sowin, Colonel Timothy W.; Thompson, William T.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Clin Psychol Funct, Div Clin Sci, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Chappelle, WL (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Clin Psychol Funct, Div Clin Sci, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM wayne.chappelle@brooks.af.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 158 EP 175 AR PII 920985482 DI 10.1080/08995600903417308 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 595ZT UT WOS:000277653700006 ER PT J AU Hauenstein, NMA Findlay, RA McDonald, DP AF Hauenstein, Neil M. A. Findlay, Rolanda A. McDonald, Daniel P. TI Using Situational Judgment Tests to Assess Training Effectiveness: Lessons Learned Evaluating Military Equal Opportunity Advisor Trainees SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMS AB Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are well suited for training evaluation, especially when measures of on-the-job behaviors/performances are unavailable. Yet, SJTs are underutilized in the training evaluation context. This research details the development and use of an SJT to evaluate equal opportunity/diversity training in the military. We focus on issues that differentiate the development of SJTs for training evaluation from the development of SJTs for selection. Finally, results are presented for two cycles of training evaluation using an SJT, and the strengths and limitations of using SJTs in the training context are discussed. C1 [Hauenstein, Neil M. A.; Findlay, Rolanda A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.] Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Hauenstein, NMA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Psychol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM nhauen@vt.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 262 EP 281 AR PII 924305671 DI 10.1080/08995605.2010.492679 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 624UV UT WOS:000279848100002 ER PT J AU Alarcon, G Lyons, JB Tartaglia, F AF Alarcon, Gene Lyons, Joseph B. Tartaglia, Frank TI Understanding Predictors of Engagement Within the Military SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The current study explored organizational antecedents of employee engagement in a military organization. A survey was administered to junior military personnel assessing leadership effectiveness, role clarity, organizational culture, and peer group interactions as predictors of engagement. Leadership's influence on engagement was expected to be partially mediated by role clarity and organizational culture. Engagement was predicted to fully mediate the relationship between the aforementioned variables and turnover intentions. Results indicated that leadership's influence on engagement was fully mediated by role clarity and organizational culture. In addition, engagement fully mediated the relationship between all variables and turnover intentions. C1 [Alarcon, Gene; Lyons, Joseph B.; Tartaglia, Frank] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alarcon, G (reprint author), 2698 G St,Bldg 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gene.alarcon.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 AR PII 924307146 DI 10.1080/08995605.2010.492695 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 624UV UT WOS:000279848100004 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR AF Carretta, Thomas R. TI Predictive Validity of the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test for Non-Rated Officer Specialties SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; PILOT AB The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) is used to qualify applicants for officer commissioning and aircrew training programs. The current study examined its predictive validity for 14 officer technical training courses for which there are no additional AFOQT minimum qualification requirements beyond those for officer commissioning. Sample sizes ranged from 16 to 2,190 with a mean and median size of 753 and 319 officers. Ninety percent (63 of 70) of the observed correlations between the AFOQT composites and average technical training grades were statistically significant. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine whether the AFOQT validities were generalizable across training specialties. Analyses were done on the observed data, after correction for range restriction, and after correction for both range restriction and criterion unreliability. The pattern of validities was similar for all three meta-analyses. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval and the 95% credibility interval around the weighted mean validities were greater than zero for all five AFOQT composites supporting its utility for making personnel selection decisions for these jobs. The Verbal composite had the lowest and the Academic Aptitude composite had the highest weighted mean validity. The weighted mean of the validity coefficients across training specialties ranged from .261 to .326 for the observed data, .322 to .387 for the range-restriction corrected data, and .360 to .433 for the fully corrected data. Additional efforts are required to examine the generalizability of the results for a broader range of occupational specialties and to set minimum qualifying scores. C1 [Carretta, Thomas R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), AFMC 711th HPW RHCI,2210 8th St,Area B,Bldg 146,R, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Carretta@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 450 EP 464 AR PII 927988459 DI 10.1080/08995605.2010.513261 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 664PY UT WOS:000282975700005 ER PT S AU Coker, C Willis, C Lt, TV Smith, B Destin, P AF Coker, Charles Willis, Carla Lt Tan Van Smith, Brian Destin, Phillip BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Multi-spectral tactical integrated scene generation capability using satellite imagery SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Modeling and Simulation for Defence Systems and Applications V CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tactical; scene generation; geo-referenced; satellite; radiance; imagery AB A multi-spectral tactical integrated scene generation capability using satellite terrain imagery is currently available using a synthetic predictive simulation code developed by the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RWGGS). This capability produces multi-spectral integrated scene imagery from the perspective of a sensor/seeker for an air-to-ground scenario using geo-referenced U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) and satellite terrain imagery. The produced imagery is spatially, spectrally, and temporally accurate. Using surveillance flight path and viewing angle, this capability has been interfaced with Microsoft Virtual Earth to extract terrain data of interest at the needed background resolution. C1 [Coker, Charles; Willis, Carla; Lt Tan Van] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Coker, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8169-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7705 AR 770507 DI 10.1117/12.852342 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU89 UT WOS:000285842000004 ER PT S AU Mishin, EV AF Mishin, E. V. BE Vassiliadis, D Fung, SF Shao, X Daglis, IA Huba, JD TI Nonlinear Plasma Effects in Natural and Artificial Aurora SO MODERN CHALLENGES IN NONLINEAR PLASMA PHYSICS: A FESTSCHRIFT HONORING THE CAREER OF DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Halkidiki, GREECE SP BAE Syst, European Space Agcy Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, US Naval Res Lab, European Atom Energy Commun, European Phys Soc, ICCS, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Latsis Fdn DE Enhanced Aurora; beam-plasma instability; Langmuir turbulence ID PRECIPITATING ELECTRONS; BEAM; IONOSPHERE; IONIZATION; TURBULENCE; EISCAT; LAYERS AB This report describes common features of natural ('Enhanced') aurora and 'artificial aurora' (AA) created by electron beams injected from sounding rockets. These features cannot be explained solely by collisional degradation of energetic electrons, thereby pointing to collisionless plasma effects. The fundamental role in electron beam-ionosphere interactions belongs to Langmuir turbulence. Its development in the (weakly-ionized) ionosphere is significantly affected by electron-neutral collisions, so that the heating and acceleration of plasma electrons proceed more efficiently than in collisionless plasmas. As a result, a narrow layer of enhanced auroral glow/ionization is formed above the standard collisional peak. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM evgeny.mishin@hanscom.af.mil RI Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0875-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1320 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BUJ89 UT WOS:000289535000022 ER PT J AU Moldoveanu, M Meghea, A Popescu, R Grote, JG Kajzar, F Rau, I AF Moldoveanu, Mirela Meghea, Aurelia Popescu, Roxana Grote, James G. Kajzar, Francois Rau, Ileana TI On the Stability and Degradation of DNA Based Thin Films SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE Biopolymers; chemical degradation; DNA; kinetics parameters; photodegradation ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID AB In this paper recent studies showing the influence of light, temperature and chemical environments on the stability of pure and functionalized collagen and DNA based thin films are presented and discussed. The results are compared with similar studies performed on synthetic polymers. C1 [Moldoveanu, Mirela; Meghea, Aurelia; Popescu, Roxana; Kajzar, Francois; Rau, Ileana] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rau, I (reprint author), Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Str Polizu 1, Bucharest, Romania. EM ileana.rau@upb.ro RI Meghea, Aurelia/C-2573-2011; zgirian, roxana/C-5858-2011; RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008 OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-07-1-3002] FX Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-07-1-3002. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The authors gratefully acknowledge Amandine Boumard, Antoine Mesmin and Bastien Michelet for their contribution to the present work. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2010 VL 523 BP 182 EP 190 AR PII 922642495 DI 10.1080/15421401003723086 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 602UD UT WOS:000278163400016 ER PT J AU Popescu, R Pirvu, C Moldoveanu, M Grote, JG Kajzar, F Rau, I AF Popescu, Roxana Pirvu, Cristian Moldoveanu, Mirela Grote, James G. Kajzar, Francois Rau, Ileana TI Biopolymer Thin Films for Optoelectronics Applications SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE AFM; biopolymer; collagen; contact angle; DNA; optical damage threshold ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DNA; POLYMERS AB Nowadays one observes a growing interest in studying and application of "green materials'' - biomaterials. For an appropriate use of them in practical devices a good knowledge and understanding of their properties are necessary. This paper presents some results obtained for two, the most abundant on the Earth, biopolymers which are DNA and collagen. In order to make these biopolymers useful they have to be functionalized with active molecules, bringing them a researched property. The biopolymers were doped with Rhodamine 590 and Disperse Red 1. The contact angle measurements are also presented and discussed. The present studies show that the properties of these materials depend on the dyes used to render them optically responsive in visible range and on the biopolymer as well. They show that interaction with substrate is modified by the added dye, as expected. We have measured also the optical damage threshold of studied biopolymers at 1,064 nm and we found that it is about one order of magnitude higher for the studied biopolymers as compared with the synthetic ones. C1 [Popescu, Roxana; Pirvu, Cristian; Moldoveanu, Mirela; Kajzar, Francois; Rau, Ileana] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rau, I (reprint author), Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Str Polizu 1, Bucharest, Romania. EM ileana.rau@upb.ro RI zgirian, roxana/C-5858-2011; RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008 OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-07-1-3002] FX Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-07-1-3002. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2010 VL 522 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1080/15421401003722757 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 602UC UT WOS:000278163300024 ER PT S AU Grote, J Zang, DY Ouchen, F Subramanyam, G Yaney, P Bartsch, C Heckman, E Naik, R AF Grote, James Zang, De Yu Ouchen, Fahima Subramanyam, Guru Yaney, Perry Bartsch, Carrie Heckman, Emily Naik, Rajesh BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Progress of DNA photonics SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications III CY AUG 04-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; COMPLEX; FILMS AB In this paper we present our current research in developing non-conductive, optically transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency (RF) shielding. It uses metallic nanopowders blended with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based host materials. Recent results of this DNA-based EMI shielding demonstrate 18-27dB over a frequency range of 18 - 6 GHz, respectively, with an electrical resistivity measuring > 20M Omega for a 20 mu m dielectric spacing. These films were optical transparent in the visible wavelength range. C1 [Grote, James; Ouchen, Fahima; Bartsch, Carrie; Heckman, Emily; Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8261-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7765 AR 776502 DI 10.1117/12.862160 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU64 UT WOS:000285832200001 ER PT S AU Heckman, EM Bartsch, CM Rossbach, AT Telek, BA Grote, JG AF Heckman, Emily M. Bartsch, Carrie M. Rossbach, Adam T. Telek, Brian A. Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Poling and Characterization Studies in Electro-Optical Polymers with DNA Cladding Layers SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications III CY AUG 04-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; biopolymer; electro-optic modulator; electric-field poling; conductive polymer ID FILMS AB DNA, a biopolymer processed from purified marine-based waste products, has been explored in recent years for photonic applications. Among these, using a DNA-surfactant biopolymer as a conductive cladding layer in electro-optic polymer waveguide modulators has been proposed due to the biopolymer's low optical loss and relatively high electrical conductivity compared to current polymer materials. Electric-field contact poling measurements using a DNA-surfactant biopolymer as a cladding layer have been made. The DNA cladding layer yielded high poling efficiency and the results are reported here. C1 [Heckman, Emily M.; Bartsch, Carrie M.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8261-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7765 AR 776505 DI 10.1117/12.861388 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU64 UT WOS:000285832200004 ER PT S AU Kim, SN Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Kim, Sang Nyon Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Assembly of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanohybrids Using Biomolecular Components SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications III CY AUG 04-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Carbon Nanotubes; Bionanotechnology; Biomimetics; Self Aseembly ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DNA; COMPLEXES; ARRAY AB Biomaterials such as nucleic acids and proteins can be exploited to create higher order structures. The biomolecular components such as DNA and peptides have been used to assemble nanoparticles with high fidelity. Here, we use DNA and peptides, and their preferential interaction with inorganic and carbon nanomaterials to form homogeneous hybrids. The enhanced binding of Pt ions to both DNA and peptide functionalized nanoparticles mediates the assembly of carbon nanotubes functionalized with DNA with peptide coated gold nanoparticles. C1 [Kim, Sang Nyon; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, SN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8261-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7765 AR 77650O DI 10.1117/12.861475 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU64 UT WOS:000285832200014 ER PT S AU Sanchez, AD AF Sanchez, Anthony D. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Advances in High Power Fiber Laser and Amplifier Components for Space Environments SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IV CY AUG 03-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fiber optics; fiber laser; fiber amplifier; all-fiber components; double clad fiber combiner AB An overview of fiber based components is presented that lead to robust all-fiber lasers and optical amplifiers suitable for space environments. Critical issues impacting the monolithic integration of high power rare earth doped fiber based optical lasers and amplifiers are presented. Optical performance of various all fiber components are reported with emphasis on temperature effects of fiber based pump combiners with polarization maintaining (PM) fiber feed throughs. The all fiber pump combiner is a key component that enables efficient high power pump coupling into double clad rare earth doped optical fibers. A new pump combiner design that injects two fiber coupled pumps plus one PM signal fiber directly into a single polarization maintaining double clad fiber is reported. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sanchez, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-313-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7817 AR 78170G DI 10.1117/12.863638 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU67 UT WOS:000285833000014 ER PT J AU Moulton, MC Braydich-Stolle, LK Nadagouda, MN Kunzelman, S Hussain, SM Varma, RS AF Moulton, Michael C. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Kunzelman, Samantha Hussain, Saber M. Varma, Rajender S. TI Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of "green" synthesized silver nanoparticles using tea polyphenols SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD; NANORODS; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOBARS; BULK; OIL; AG AB Since ancient times, people have taken advantage of the antimicrobial effects of colloidal silver particles. Aside from the medical prospects, silver nanoparticles are found in a wide range of commercially available consumer products ranging from cosmetics to household cleansers. Current synthetic methods for creating silver nanoparticles typically call for potentially hazardous chemicals, extreme heat, and produce environmentally dangerous byproducts. Therefore, it is essential that novel "green" synthesis of nanoparticles becomes a reality, and it is imperative to fully analyze the potential toxic effects of these nanoparticles. In this study, we have shown that by reducing silver nitrate in solutions of tea extract or epicatechin of varying concentrations, spherical silver nanoparticles were formed that had controllable size distributions depending on the concentration of tea extract or epicatechin in the samples. Our ultra-resolution microscopy demonstrated that the nanoparticles were in fact interacting with the keratinocytes. Furthermore, evaluation of mitochondrial function (MTS) to assess cell viability and membrane integrity (LDH) in human keratinocytes showed that the silver nanoparticles were nontoxic. These results demonstrated that these nanoparicles are potentially biocompatible and warrant further evaluation in other biological systems. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Moulton, Michael C.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Kunzelman, Samantha; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443,26 W M L K Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU Bioscience and Protection Division, Air Force Research Laboratory FX We thank Col. Riddle and Col. Reilly for their strong support and encouragement for this research. Electron microscopy work was performed at the Nanoscale Engineering Science and Technology (NEST) facility at the University of Dayton. Research was funded by the Bioscience and Protection Division, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 40 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 8 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1039/c0nr00046a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 595KU UT WOS:000277610100019 PM 20648322 ER PT J AU Zhang, LF Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA Fong, H AF Zhang, Lifeng Hu, Jianjun Voevodin, Andrey A. Fong, Hao TI Synthesis of continuous TiC nanofibers and/or nanoribbons through electrospinning followed by carbothermal reduction SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TITANIUM CARBIDE; PORE-SIZE; FIBERS; CAPACITANCE; PRECURSORS; CELLULOSE; NITRIDES; POWDERS AB Continuous titanium carbide (TiC) nanofibers that possess an intriguing nanoribbon morphology with a width and thickness of similar to 300 nm and similar to 40 nm, respectively, and containing TiC crystallites with sizes ranging from 5 nm to 30 nm were synthesized through electrospinning followed by carbothermal reduction. C1 [Hu, Jianjun; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Lifeng; Fong, Hao] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBT, 2941 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@wpafb.af.mil; Hao.Fong@sdsmt.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9453-06-C-0366]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64624] FX This research was supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under the Cooperative Agreement Number (CAN) FA9453-06-C-0366 and by the Department of Energy under the Grant Number DE-FG02-08ER64624. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2010 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1670 EP 1673 DI 10.1039/c0nr00220h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 647JD UT WOS:000281613800014 PM 20820698 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, G Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Parthasarathy, TA Davis, J AF Hay, R. S. Fair, G. Boakye, E. E. Mogilevsky, P. Parthasarathy, T. A. Davis, J. BE Mathur, S Shen, H TI SOFTENING OF RARE EARTH ORTHOPHOSPHATES BY TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY: POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS TO FIBER-MATRIX INTERPHASES IN CERAMIC COMPOSITES SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Ceram Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; COATED-FIBER; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; HEAT-CAPACITY; STRENGTH; ALUMINA AB Rare-earth orthophosphate interphases made from nanoparticle precursors have been successfully demonstrated for dense matrix oxide-oxide CMCs. For these interphases the major concern is high fiber pull-out stresses, typically similar to 80- 200 MPa. Plastic deformation mechanisms in a 10 - 100 nm thick zone of rare-earth orthophosphate adjacent to the fiber govern pullout friction. For lower fiber pull-out stresses, rare-earth orthophosphates and vanadates that soften by transformation plasticity during the martensitic xenotime -> monazite phase transformation were investigated. Predictive methods developed for prediction of deformation twinning in orthophosphates were extended to transformation plasticity. Nano-indentation testing was used to develop and test materials suitable for transformation plasticity weakened fiber coatings. Transformation plasticity significantly softens TbPO4 and (Gd,Dy)PO4 solid-solutions in the xenotime phase. Transformed regions were characterized by TEM; some evidence suggests that the phase transformation may reverse with time. Preliminary attempts to coat single-crystal alumina fibers with these materials were made. The potential to tailor fiber-matrix interphase friction in CMCs is discussed. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-88128-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 214 BP 17 EP + PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BTL78 UT WOS:000287225200003 ER PT J AU Faber, R Azad, A Reinsvold, R AF Faber, Raymond Azad, Alvi Reinsvold, Richard TI A case of the corpus callosum and alien hand syndrome from a discrete paracallosal lesion SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article DE Split-brain syndrome; Syndrome of hemisphere disconnection; Paracallosal lesion; Apraxia; Agraphia ID DISEASE IMAGE; APRAXIA; DISCONNECTION; INFARCTION AB Here we present a patient with an isolated paracallosal brain lesion who exhibited behavioral changes associated with the corpus callosum syndrome (CCS) including features of the alien hand syndrome (AHS). The CCS is also known as the split-brain syndrome, the syndrome of hemisphere disconnection, the syndrome of brain bisection and the syndrome of the cerebral commissures. Because most reported cases of CCS were caused by tumors which extended beyond the corpus callosum (CC) and did not always induce a complete disconnection, there was much controversy about the role of the CC and the existence of a specific CCS. Aside from surgically based cases, the full complement of the CCS is infrequently clinically encountered. The patient described has a classic CCS from natural causes. This case report is unique in exhibiting a complete CCS with AHS secondary to an ischemic event affecting the left pericallosal region. To our knowledge this is the first case report of such a combination. C1 [Faber, Raymond] Laurel Ridge Treatment Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Faber, Raymond] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Faber, Raymond; Azad, Alvi] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Azad, Alvi; Reinsvold, Richard] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Faber, R (reprint author), 7400 Merton Minter Blvd 116-A, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM faber@uthscsa.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-4794 J9 NEUROCASE JI Neurocase PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 281 EP 285 AR PII 918511495 DI 10.1080/13554790903456217 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 626JZ UT WOS:000279963600001 PM 20069502 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JE Cullen, MA Amador, RR Huey, JC Leal, FO AF Kennedy, Jan E. Cullen, Maren A. Amador, Ricardo R. Huey, Judith C. Leal, Felix O. TI Symptoms in military service members after blast mTBI with and without associated injuries SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Mild traumatic brain injury; blast injury; PTSD; associated injuries; PCS ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; PTSD CHECKLIST; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; CIVILIAN VERSION; PREVALENCE; VETERANS; IRAQ; PCL AB Traumatic combat events can lead to neurobehavioral and stress-related symptoms among military troops. Physical injuries received during combat are associated with increased symptom report [8]. The effect of a concurrent mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on this relationship is unknown and forms the basis for this report. Subjects included a cohort of 274 male service members who received a blast-related mTBI during deployment in Iraq. They completed symptom ratings on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) and Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). Service members with mTBI, but no other associated physical injuries had higher symptom ratings than those who received mTBI plus associated injuries. Results suggest that in the presence of an invisible injury, such as mTBI, associated bodily injuries may be at least partially protective against the development of stress and neurobehavioral symptoms. It is proposed that an invisible wound, such as mTBI, creates ambiguity regarding the etiology of symptoms and expected course of recovery and leads to increased emotional and somatic symptom report. However, the observable nature of an associated physical injury and the systematic rehabilitation involved in recovery from such an injury provide a focus for attention and measurable progress toward recovery that serve to reduce emotionally-based symptom reports. C1 [Kennedy, Jan E.; Cullen, Maren A.; Amador, Ricardo R.; Huey, Judith C.; Leal, Felix O.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, DVBIC, 59 MDOS SGO5N,2200 Berquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jan.kennedy@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0555 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300003 PM 20448309 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SW Shesko, K Harrison, CR AF Hoffman, Stuart W. Shesko, Kristina Harrison, Catherine R. TI Enhanced neurorehabilitation techniques in the DVBIC Assisted Living Pilot Project SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TAI-CHI-CHUAN; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; VIRTUAL-REALITY; HEAD-INJURY; REHABILITATION; PROGRAM; CORTISOL AB Traumatic Brain Injury has been labeled the "silent epidemic" in our current wars. Both CBO and the RAND reports predict that the costs of these injuries will be both extensive and enduring. The projected costs are based not only upon the loss contribution of these warriors to our economy, but also the long-term medical and assistive care that will be needed to support these veterans for decades to come. Thus, the primary goal of the Assisted Living Pilot Project (ALPP) at the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center-Johnstown (DVBIC-J) is to promote the ability of the injured warrior to move from assisted living to living independently and to be self-supporting by providing a continuum of care. To accomplish this goal the DVBIC-J ALPP is providing full set of traditional services (physical, occupational, speech, psychological/cognitive, social/familial, vocational, and spiritual), along with "cutting-edge" rehabilitative treatment technologies. These cutting-edge therapies include transdisciplinary clinical consultations, interactive patient and family counseling, and telemedicine-teleconferencing for clinical evaluations and family/significant other care participation. These services will be available to those who require assisted living through their progression to community re-entry. The ALPP also serves as a vehicle for clinical trials to investigate the effects of an enriched environment (e. g., recreational therapies, massage, multisensory stimulation, etc.) on neurorehabilitation therapy, rural telemedicine for servicemembers with traumatic brain injury, and long-term outcome measures of those who have received neurorehabilitation services at the DVBIC-J site. DVBIC-J is also developing collaborative projects with universities and private industry to create an incubator for new rehabilitation technologies. The technologies that DVBIC-J will be focusing on will include assistive technologies (to assist cognitive, physical, and communicative impairments), virtual and augmented reality simulations (for both diagnosis and treatment of TBI and PTSD), and telecommunication technologies to improve rehabilitation services to those warriors that have returned to their homes in rural areas. C1 [Hoffman, Stuart W.; Shesko, Kristina] Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr Johnstown, DCoE, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA. [Harrison, Catherine R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hoffman, SW (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr Johnstown, DCoE, 109 Sunray Dr, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA. EM ELISABETH.MARTIN@us.army.mil NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 28 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.3233/NRE-2010-0561 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 603OQ UT WOS:000278218300009 PM 20448315 ER PT S AU Chakravarthy, S Gonthier, KA Rumchik, C AF Chakravarthy, S. Gonthier, K. A. Rumchik, C. BE Soulard, L TI Meso-scale analysis of deformation wave heating in metalized solid explosive SO NEW MODELS AND HYDROCODES FOR SHOCK WAVE PROCESSES IN CONDENSED MATTER SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Models and Hydrocodes for Shock Wave Processes in Condensed Matter CY MAY 24-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB Deformation induced heating of reactive solids is a physically complex process. As such, the effects of meso-structure, component thermomechanical properties, component mass fractions, and porosity on their impact response is not well-understood. In this study, an explicit, 2-D, Lagrangian finite and discrete element technique is used to examine thermomechanical fields in metal-explosive (aluminum-HMX) particle mixtures due to piston supported uniaxial deformation waves. The meso-scale description uses a plane strain, thermoelastic-viscoplastic and friction constitutive theory to describe the motion and deformation of individual particles, and an energy consistent, penalty based method to describe inter-particle contact. The deformation response of material having an initial solid volume fraction of phi(O)(S) = 0.835 is characterized for different metal mass fractions and wave strengths. Predictions indicate that the response can be classified into strength dominated and pressure dominated regions depending on wave strength. Average thermomechanical fields that define the macro-scale wave structure are found to differ both qualitatively and quantitatively between the two regions. C1 [Chakravarthy, S.; Gonthier, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rumchik, C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate Ordnance Div, Energet Mat Branch AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Gonthier, KA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM schakr4@lsu.edu; gonthier@me.lsu.edu; chad.rumchik@eglin.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, AFRL-RWME, Eglin AFB, Florida, USA [96ABW-2009-0327] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, AFRL-RWME, Eglin AFB, Florida, USA. 96ABW-2009-0327. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2010 VL 10 AR UNSP 00010 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20101000010 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Mechanics; Physics GA BUU62 UT WOS:000290385000009 ER PT J AU Barnes, JA Curry, CP Schaubroeck, LE AF Barnes, Julia A. Curry, Clinton P. Schaubroeck, Lisbeth E. TI Real and imaginary parts of polynomial iterates SO NEW YORK JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Filled Julia sets; complex dynamical systems; Bottcher uniformization AB Julia sets for complex-valued polynomials have been well-studied for years. However, the graphs of the polynomials themselves and their iterates are more difficult to visualize because they are four-dimensional. In this paper, we explore the dynamics of these functions by analyzing the behavior of the real and imaginary parts of the iterates. We also define two sets of points for which the real (respectively imaginary) parts of the iterates remain bounded, and prove how these sets relate to the corresponding filled Julia set. We end by applying our results to the well-known class of functions f(c)(z) = z(2) + c. C1 [Barnes, Julia A.] Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Curry, Clinton P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Schaubroeck, Lisbeth E.] USAF Acad, Washington, DC USA. RP Barnes, JA (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM jbarnes@email.wcu.edu; clintonc@math.sunysb.edu; Beth.Schaubroeck@usafa.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC JOURNALS PROJECT PI ALBANY PA UNIV ALBANY, DEPT MATHEMATICS & SCIENCE, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA SN 1076-9803 J9 N Y J MATH JI N. Y. J. Math. PY 2010 VL 16 BP 749 EP 761 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V25JL UT WOS:000208474200029 ER PT S AU Swenson, ED Soni, SR Kapoor, H AF Swenson, Eric D. Soni, Som R. Kapoor, Hitesh BE Shull, PJ Diaz, AA Wu, AF TI Lamb Wave Propagation in Z-pin Reinforced, Co-cured Composite Pi-Joints SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE 3D Laser vibrometry; Lamb Wave propagation; Z-pinned; Co-cured Composite Pi-Joints; Damage Detection ID SCANNING LASER VIBROMETRY; FATIGUE-CRACK DETECTION; DELAMINATION AB This paper presents an initial study on Lamb wave propagation characteristics in z-pin reinforced, co-cured composite pi-joints for the purposes of structural health monitoring (SHM). Pi-joint test articles were designed and created to replicate a co-cured, all composite skin-spar joint found within a typical aircraft wing structure. Because pi-joints exhibit various complex damage modes, formal studies are required if SHM systems are to be developed to monitor these types of joints for potential damage. Experiments were conducted on a undamaged (healthy) and damaged test articles where Lamb waves were excited using one lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer. A three-dimensional (3D) scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) was used to collect high-density scans of both the in-plane and out-of-plane velocity measurements. In the damaged test article, where delamination, matrix cracking, and fiber breakage can clearly be seen, changes in both the fundamental antisymmetric A(0) and symmetric S(0) Lamb wave modes are apparent. In both test articles, the effects of narrow geometry, discontinuity due to the attachment of the web, and thickness has detectable effects on Lamb wave propagation. From the comparisons between Lamb waves propagating through the undamaged and damaged test articles, it is clear that damage can be detected using Lamb waves in z-pin reinforced, co-cured composite pi-joints for this case of extensive damage. C1 [Swenson, Eric D.; Soni, Som R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Swenson, ED (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. EM eric.swenson@afit.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8064-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7649 AR 76490D DI 10.1117/12.848787 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BSR49 UT WOS:000285543200009 ER PT S AU Swenson, ED Kapoor, H Soni, SR AF Swenson, Eric D. Kapoor, Hitesh Soni, Som R. BE Shull, PJ Diaz, AA Wu, AF TI Effects of Z-pins on Lamb Waves in Composite Plates SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE 3D Laser Vibrometry; Lamb Wave Propagation; Z-Pinned Laminated Composite ID SCANNING LASER VIBROMETRY; FATIGUE-CRACK DETECTION; DELAMINATION AB This experimental research investigates the effects of adding z-pins to a carbon fiber reinforced plate (CFRP) on Lamb wave propagation, such as mode conversion and reflections. The motivation for this study is derived from the current and expected future use of z-pins in aircraft structures coupled with the requirement to design structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for detecting damage in regions of composite structures with z-pins. This experimental study is conducted on two 4.8 mm thick CFRP test articles, where one plate has a 20 by 279 mm(2) band of z-pins and the other does not. The z-pins have an average diameter of 0.28 mm and are inserted through the thickness of the panel with an area density of 4% before curing. A three-dimensional (3D) laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) was employed to collect velocity measurements over a 1 mm uniformly-spaced grid of 17,899 scan points. Time-sequenced 3D LDV scans are presented to show that adding this relatively small amount of z-pins to a 4.8 mm thick CFRP has few measureable effects on Lamb wave propagation. C1 [Swenson, Eric D.; Soni, Som R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Swenson, ED (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. EM eric.swenson@afit.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8064-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7649 AR 76490E DI 10.1117/12.848788 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BSR49 UT WOS:000285543200010 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, LP Murray, J Carpenter, A Upchurch, D Barnes, JO Schunemann, PG Zawilski, K Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Murray, Joel Carpenter, Amelia Upchurch, Derek Barnes, Jacob O. Schunemann, Peter G. Zawilski, Kevin Guha, Shekhar BE Powers, PE TI Comparison of Nonlinear Absorption and Carrier Recombination Times in GaAs grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy and Bridgman Processes SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications IX CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear Optics; Infrared; Materials ID REFRACTION AB A 760 mu m thick GaAs crystal was grown using HVPE. Transmission spectrum of this sample showed minimal absorption for light having photon energy below the bandgap energy, indicating the absence of the EL2 defects commonly found in Bridgman grown samples. Irradiance dependent absorption measured at 1.535 mu m using 100 ns duration laser pulses showed increased nonlinear absorption in the HVPE grown GaAs compared to Bridgman grown samples. The dominant nonlinear absorption process in both samples was absorption due to free carriers generated by two-photon absorption. The HVPE grown sample showed higher nonlinear absorption due to longer carrier lifetimes. C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Murray, Joel; Carpenter, Amelia; Upchurch, Derek; Barnes, Jacob O.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7978-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7582 AR 75821A DI 10.1117/12.842947 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BSM46 UT WOS:000284935000039 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, LP Krishnamurthy, S Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan Guha, Shekhar BE Powers, PE TI Accurate Characterization of Free Carrier Refraction in InP SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications IX CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear Optics; Infrared; Materials AB Using recently published results of intrinsic and free carrier nonlinear absorption coefficients in InP, nonlinear refraction was investigated at 1.064 mu m using ns duration lasers to characterize refraction from generated free carriers. A phase retrieval algorithm was implemented to determine the amplitude and phase profiles of the incident beam. Accurate spatial and temporal profiles of the incident field were used to model nonlinear propagation through and beyond the sample. With the sample held fixed at focus and the incident energy increased, images of the transmitted beam a fixed distance away were recorded as a function of irradiance. Excellent agreement was observed between recorded beam images and those generated from the numerical model. C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7978-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7582 AR 75821N DI 10.1117/12.842911 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BSM46 UT WOS:000284935000048 ER PT S AU Wooten, D Ketsman, I Xiao, J Losovyj, YB Petrosky, J McClory, J Burak, YV Adamiv, VT Dowben, PA AF Wooten, David Ketsman, I. Xiao, Jie Losovyj, Ya B. Petrosky, J. McClory, J. Burak, Ya V. Adamiv, V. T. Dowben, P. A. GP MRS BE Fiederle, M Perry, DL Burger, A Franks, L Yasuda, K TI Differences in the Surface Charging at the (100) and (110) Surfaces of Li(2)B(4)O(7) SO NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTION MATERIALS-2009 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nuclear Radiation Detection Materials CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID RICH NEUTRON DETECTORS; BORON-CARBIDE DIODE; CRYSTALS; PHOTOEMISSION; ABSORPTION; PHOSPHIDE; FILMS AB From angle resolved photoemission the (100) surface termination of Li(2)B(4)O(7) is significantly more polar than the (110) surface termination although the accepted dipole orientation of this pyroelectric crystal is along (001) Consistent with the surface termination the role in the surface photovoltage effects Because of the different interfaces formed, device properties likely depend upon crystal faces of lithium borate C1 [Wooten, David; Petrosky, J.; McClory, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wooten, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Fiederle, Michael/B-9750-2013; Xiao, Jie/E-9640-2012 OI Xiao, Jie/0000-0002-2320-6111 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1164 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BSL60 UT WOS:000284865000003 ER PT J AU Bingham, M Ashley, J De Jong, M Swift, C AF Bingham, Mona Ashley, Jeffrey De Jong, Marla Swift, Caren TI Implementing a Unit-Level Intervention to Reduce the Probability of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE compliance; evidence-based practice; infection control; ventilator-associated or ventilator-acquired pneumonia ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; RECEIVING MECHANICAL VENTILATION; NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; DENTAL PLAQUE; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; GUIDELINE AB Background. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital-acquired infection and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Routine nursing interventions have been shown to reduce VAP rates. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a unit-specific education intervention that emphasized hand hygiene, head-of-the-bed elevation, and oral care. The goals were to improve staff compliance with hand washing, head-of-the-bed elevation, and oral care; to decrease VAP rates, and to decrease number of ventilator days. Methods: Two-hour observations were conducted on a convenience sample of 100 ventilated patients not diagnosed with VAP and the clinical staff that interacted with them. Instrumentation included a compliance checklist, a demographic patient survey, and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation AE IV (R) tool. Unit-specific educational interventions were designed and implemented on each participating unit. Results: The VAP and the ventilator day rates did not improve significantly. There were no significant changes in clinician adherence to hand hygiene, provision of oral care, or patient positioning. Discussion: Despite implementation of both structured and creative education, team-based approach, and frequent staff reminders, patient outcomes and staff compliance did not improve significantly. Unit-based education interventions may not be the best strategy to facilitate change. Organizations with frequent changes in personnel and leadership may not have the unit-level infrastructure necessary to attain and sustain change. C1 [Bingham, Mona; Ashley, Jeffrey] USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Bingham, Mona] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [De Jong, Marla] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Triserv Nursing Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ashley, Jeffrey] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Crit Care Nursing Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [De Jong, Marla] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bingham, M (reprint author), USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Mona.bingham@us.army.mil FU TriService Nursing Research Program [N03-P18] FX This project was funded by an award from the TriService Nursing Research Program, grant no. N03-P18 by Principal Investigator, CAPT Patricia Kelley. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, is the awarding and administering office. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S40 EP S47 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600007 PM 20010277 ER PT J AU Bridges, E AF Bridges, Elizabeth TI Facilitation of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice During Military Operations SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE health decision making; knowledge transfer; military nursing research; research translation to clinical practice ID PREVENTING HYPOTHERMIA; INTEGRATION; PRESSURE AB The translation of research to clinical practice and health decision making is challenging, Under military operational conditions (e.g., the provision of care in the field), translation may be even more challenging. Two barriers that limit the use of evidence to guide practice, which are particularly germane under operational conditions, are conflicting or absent research results specific to the population of interest and relevant studies not being compiled in one place (Titler, 2007; Tiller & Everett, 2001). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Knowledge Transfer Framework (Nieva et al., 2005) provides a structure to facilitate evidence translation and to overcome these barriers. This article summarizes one aspect of a program of operational nursing research supported by the TriService Nursing Research Program, which exemplifies the three stages of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality framework. C1 [Bridges, Elizabeth] US AF Reserve Nurse Corps, Med Grp 60, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Bridges, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bridges, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bridges, E (reprint author), US AF Reserve Nurse Corps, Med Grp 60, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM ebridges@u.washington.edu FU TriService Nursing Research Program [NO3-P18] FX This project was funded by an award from the TriService Nursing Research Program, "Research to Practice," grant no. NO3-P18 by Captain Patricia W. Kelley, Principal Investigator. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, is the awarding and administering office. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S75 EP S79 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600011 PM 20010282 ER PT J AU Duong, DN AF Duong, Diep N. TI The Evidence-Based Practice Concept Engaging Interest and Participation SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE evidence-based; military; tri-service AB The TriService Nursing Research Program was chartered in 1992 to advance the science of military nursing to support mission readiness, to provide optimal evidence-based healthcare in various military settings, and to improve the health and quality of life of military personnel. In 2002, the Tri-Service Nursing Research Program created the evidence-based practice initiative to foster excellence in military nursing care through the evidence-based practice in the military healthcare system. The evidence-based practice initiative has been coherently and successfully implemented throughout the military healthcare systems largely due to strong commitment and support from all management levels across services and across components. C1 USAF, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Duong, DN (reprint author), USAF, 4725 Bougainville Dr 331, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM duongdn@state.gov FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [N03-P18] FX This project was sponsored by the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; however, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP S7 EP S10 PG 4 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 538VP UT WOS:000273212600003 PM 20010281 ER PT S AU Dalzell, DR McQuade, J Vincelette, R Ibey, B Payne, J Thomas, R Roach, WP Roth, CL Wilmink, GJ AF Dalzell, Danielle R. McQuade, Jill Vincelette, Rebecca Ibey, Bennett Payne, Jason Thomas, Robert Roach, William P. Roth, Caleb L. Wilmink, Gerald J. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Damage thresholds for terahertz radiation SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUES AND CELLS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXI CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res DE terahertz; THz; damage thresholds; safety standards; optical properties; tissue; applications ID TECHNOLOGY; EXPOSURE; NM AB Several international organizations establish minimum safety standards to ensure that workers and the general population are protected against adverse health effects associated with electromagnetic radiation. Suitable standards are typically defined using published experimental data. To date, few experimental studies have been conducted at Terahertz (THz) frequencies, and as a result, current THz standards have been defined using extrapolated estimates from neighboring spectral regions. In this study, we used computational modeling and experimental approaches to determine tissue-damage thresholds at THz frequencies. For the computational modeling efforts, we used the Arrhenius damage integral to predict damage-thresholds. We determined thresholds experimentally for both long (minutes) and short (seconds) THz exposures. For the long exposure studies, we used an in-house molecular gas THz laser (v = 1.89 THz, 189.92 mW/cm(2), 10 minutes) and excised porcine skin. For the short exposure studies, we used the Free Electron Laser (FEL) at Jefferson Laboratory (v = 0.1-1.0 THz, 2.0-14.0 mW/cm(2), 2 seconds) and wet chamois cloths. Thresholds were determined using conventional damage score determination and probit analysis techniques, and tissue temperatures were measured using infrared thermographic techniques. We found that the FEL was ideal for tissue damage studies, while our in-house THz source was not suitable to determine tissue damage thresholds. Using experimental data, the tissue damage threshold (ED(50)) was determined to be 7.16 W/cm(2). This value was in well agreement with that predicted using our computational models. We hope that knowledge of tissue-damage thresholds at THz frequencies helps to ensure the safe use of THz radiation. C1 [Dalzell, Danielle R.; McQuade, Jill; Vincelette, Rebecca; Ibey, Bennett; Payne, Jason; Thomas, Robert; Roach, William P.; Wilmink, Gerald J.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Dalzell, DR (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7958-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7562 AR 75620M DI 10.1117/12.849243 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG25 UT WOS:000284359500018 ER PT S AU Pocock, GM Oliver, JW Noojin, GD Schuster, KJ Stolarski, D Shingledecker, A Rockwell, BA AF Pocock, Ginger M. Oliver, Jeff W. Noojin, Gary D. Schuster, Kurt J. Stolarski, David Shingledecker, Aurora Rockwell, Benjamin A. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Follow up study of NIR (1100 to 1319 nm) retinal damage thresholds and trends SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUES AND CELLS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXI CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res DE Laser safety; OCT; adaptive optics; thermal lensing; MVL; NIR; ED(50); laser threshold; in vivo imaging; SLO AB A study of retinal damage thresholds in non-human primates (NHP) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of 1110,1130, 1150, and 1319 nm has recently been reported. The progression of damage in retinal areas that received exposures below, greater than, and at threshold values for each respective wavelength are compared. Subjects were imaged using an Adaptive Optics (AO) enhanced Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomographer (SD-OCT) a year post laser exposure to examine damage characteristics and localization. The subject's retinas within the study exhibited a delayed response to NIR exposures in that many of the lesions that were not visible at the 1-hour observation period continued to grow in size over the 24-hour period and or became visible. Thermal lensing is believed to play a significant role in the formation or retinal lesions in the NIR and may explain the delayed response. C1 [Pocock, Ginger M.; Oliver, Jeff W.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HPW RHDO 711, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Pocock, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HPW RHDO 711, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM ginger.pocock@brooks.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7958-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7562 AR 75620E DI 10.1117/12.846987 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG25 UT WOS:000284359500010 ER PT S AU Vincelette, R Oliver, J Noojin, G Schuster, K Shingledecker, A Welch, AJ AF Vincelette, Rebecca Oliver, Jeff Noojin, Gary Schuster, Kurt Shingledecker, Aurora Welch, Ashley J. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Method for measuring ocular aberrations induced by thermal lensing in vivo SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUES AND CELLS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXI CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res DE Thermal lensing; rhesus eye; artificial eye; near-infrared; laser-tissue interaction; non-linear optics; continuous wave; laser safety ID WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; HUMAN EYE; QUALITY AB An adaptive optics imaging system was used to qualitatively observe the types of aberrations induced by an infrared laser in a rhesus eye. Thermal lensing was induced with an infrared laser radiation wavelength of 1150-nm. The adaptive optics system tracked the temporal response of the aberrations at a frequency of 30 Hz for continuous-wave exposures. Results are compared against thermal lensing aberrations induced in an artificial eye. C1 [Vincelette, Rebecca] USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Vincelette, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7958-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7562 AR 75620T DI 10.1117/12.846070 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG25 UT WOS:000284359500024 ER PT S AU Wilmink, GJ Rivest, BD Ibey, BL Roth, CL Bernhard, J Roach, WP AF Wilmink, Gerald J. Rivest, Benjamin D. Ibey, Bennett L. Roth, Caleb L. Bernhard, Joshua Roach, William P. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Quantitative Investigation of the Bioeffects Associated with Terahertz Radiation SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUES AND CELLS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXI CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res DE terahertz; THz; optical properties; tissue; applications ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SECURITY APPLICATIONS; EX-VIVO; TECHNOLOGY; SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUE; DIODES; CANCER AB The biological effects associated with Terahertz (THz) radiation are not well characterized. In this study, we investigated the cellular response of human dermal fibroblasts exposed to an optically-pumped molecular gas THz laser (v = 2.52 THz, irradiance = 84.8 mW/cm(2), exposure duration = 5 to 80 minutes). Computational dosimetry was conducted using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling techniques. Empirical dosimetry was conducted using infrared cameras and thermocouples. Cellular viability was assessed 24 h post-exposure using MTT calorimetric assays. Quantitative PCR was performed 4 h post-exposure to evaluate the transcriptional activation of genes involved in protein and DNA damage pathways. Comparable analyses were also performed for hyperthermic and genotoxic positive control samples. For all of the exposure durations tested, we found that greater than 95% of the cells were viable post-exposure. In addition, the exposed cells showed only minor increases (similar to 3.5-fold) in heat shock protein expression. The empirical dosimetric data showed that the temperature of the cells increased by similar to 3 degrees C during exposure. This value was consistent with that predicted by the computational models. Interestingly, although the THz-exposed cells exhibited increases in heat shock protein expression, the magnitude of these increases was comparable to those observed in hyperthermic controls. In addition, none of the DNA repair genes tested were up-regulated in the THz-exposed cells, whereas 40-fold increases were observed in the genotoxic control cells. These results suggest that the biological effects imposed by THz radiation appear to be primarily photothermal in nature. C1 [Wilmink, Gerald J.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Bernhard, Joshua; Roach, William P.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Wilmink, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7958-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7562 AR 75620L DI 10.1117/12.844916 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG25 UT WOS:000284359500017 ER PT S AU Wilmink, GJ Ibey, BL Tongue, T Schulkin, B Peralta, X Rivest, BD Haywood, EC Roach, WP AF Wilmink, Gerald J. Ibey, Bennett L. Tongue, Thomas Schulkin, Brian Peralta, Xomalin Rivest, Benjamin D. Haywood, Eric C. Roach, William P. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Measurement of the Optical Properties of Skin Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopic Techniques SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUES AND CELLS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXI CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res DE terahertz; THz; optical properties; tissue; applications ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; TECHNOLOGY; CANCER; RANGE AB Terahertz (THz) radiation is increasingly being used in biomedical imaging and spectroscopy applications. These techniques show tremendous promise to provide new sophisticated tools for the improved detection of skin cancer. However, despite recent efforts to develop these applications, few studies have been conducted to characterize the optical properties of skin at THz frequencies. Such information is required to better understand THz-tissue interactions, and is critical for determining the feasibility of proposed applications. In this study, we have developed and tested a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. We used this system to acquire the optical properties for fresh and frozen/thawed excised porcine skin from 0.1 to 2.0 THz. Results show that the index of refraction (n) for both frozen and fresh skin decreases with frequency. For frozen skin, n equals 2.5 at 0.1 THz and 2.0 at 2.0 THz, and for fresh skin equals 2.0 at 0.1 THz and 1.7 at 2.0 THz. Values for the absorption coefficient (mu(a)) increase with frequency for both frozen and fresh skin. Frozen skin exhibits mu(a) values equal to 56 cm(-1) at 0.1 THz and 550 cm(-1) at 2.0 THz, whereas fresh skin exhibits values of 56 cm(-1) at 0.1 THz and 300 cm(-1) at 2.0 THz. Assuming the optical penetration depth (delta) is inversely proportional to mu(a) (absorption-dominated interactions), THz radiation has limited d in skin (200 mu m at 0.1 THz to 40 mu m at 2.0 THz). These results suggest that applications exploiting THz radiation show the most promise for investigating superficial tissues. C1 [Wilmink, Gerald J.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Haywood, Eric C.; Roach, William P.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Wilmink, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7958-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7562 AR 75620J DI 10.1117/12.844914 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG25 UT WOS:000284359500015 ER PT S AU Wilmink, GJ Ibey, BL Roth, CL Vincelette, RL Rivest, BD Horn, CB Bernhard, J Roberson, D Roach, WP AF Wilmink, Gerald J. Ibey, Bennett L. Roth, Caleb L. Vincelette, Rebecca L. Rivest, Benjamin D. Horn, Christopher B. Bernhard, Joshua Roberson, Dawnlee Roach, William P. BE Jansen, ED Thomas, RJ TI Determination of Death Thresholds and Identification of Terahertz (THz)-Specific Gene Expression Signatures SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUES AND CELLS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXI CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res DE terahertz; THz; gene expression; cellular; molecular; bioeffects; microarray ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SECURITY APPLICATIONS; EX-VIVO; TECHNOLOGY; RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUE; CANCER AB In recent years, numerous security, military, and medical applications have been developed which use Terahertz (THz) radiation. However, to date, few studies have been conducted to examine the potential health risks that are associated with this type of radiation. To determine the cellular and molecular effects caused by THz radiation, we exposed several human cell lines to high-power THz radiation, then determined death thresholds and gene expression profiles. Necrotic and apoptotic death thresholds were determined for Jurkat cells using an optically-pumped molecular gas THz source (v = 2.52 THz, H = 227 mW/cm(2)), MTT viability assays, and flow cytometry. In addition, we used confocal microscopy to demarcate lethal spatial regions in an irradiated monolayer of dermal fibroblasts. To determine if cells exhibit a THz-specific gene expression signature, we irradiated dermal fibroblasts and analyzed their transcriptional response using microarray gene chips. The MTT data showed that 60% of the Jurkat cells survived the 30-minute THz exposure, whereas only 20% survived the 40-minute exposure. The flow data showed similar results and provided additional evidence suggesting that THz-induced cell death was mediated using both nectrotic and apoptotic processes. The preliminary microscopy studies provided convincing evidence warranting future efforts using these techniques. Lastly, the microarray data showed that dermal fibroblasts up-regulated several genes when exposed to THz radiation. Overall, these results provide evidence for the cellular and molecular effects associated with THz radiation, and we speculate that the identified genes may be used as biomarkers for THz exposures. C1 [Wilmink, Gerald J.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Vincelette, Rebecca L.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Bernhard, Joshua; Roach, William P.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Wilmink, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. OI Horn, Christopher/0000-0003-0717-3601 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7958-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7562 AR 75620K DI 10.1117/12.844917 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG25 UT WOS:000284359500016 ER PT S AU Gonglewski, JD Myers, MM Dayton, DC Fertig, G Allen, J Nolasco, R Maia, F AF Gonglewski, John D. Myers, Michael M. Dayton, David C. Fertig, Gregory Allen, Jeffrey Nolasco, Rudolph Maia, Francisco BE Stein, K Gonglewski, JD TI SWIR Hemispherical Air-Glow Plotting System SHAPS SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIII CY SEP 20-21, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Short Wave Infrared; Air Glow; Night Vision AB It is well known that luminance from photo-chemical reactions of hydroxyl ions in the upper atmosphere (similar to 85 km altitude) produces a significant amount of night time radiation in the short wave infra-red (SWIR) band of wave length 0.9 to 1.7 mu m. Numerous studies of these phenomena have demonstrated that the irradiance shows significant temporal and spatial variations in the night sky. Changes in weather patterns, seasons, sun angle, moonlight, etc have the propensity to alter the SWIR air glow irradiance pattern. By performing multiple SWIR measurements a mosaic representation of the celestial hemisphere was constructed and used to investigate these variations over time and space. The experimental setup consisted of two sensors, an InGaAs SWIR detector and a visible astronomical camera, co-located and bore sighted on an AZ-EL gimbal. This gimbal was programmed to view most of the sky using forty five discrete azimuth and elevation locations. The dwell time at each location was 30 seconds with a total cycle time of less than 30 minutes. The visible astronomical camera collected image data simultaneous with the SWIR camera in order to distinguish SWIR patterns from clouds. Data was reduced through batch processing producing polar representations of the sky irradiance as a function of azimuth, elevation, and time. These spatio-temporal variations in the irradiance, both short and long term, can be used to validate and calibrate physical models of atmospheric chemistry and turbulence. In this paper we describe our experimental setup and present some results of our measurements made over several months in a rural marine environment on the Island of Kauai Hawaii. C1 [Gonglewski, John D.; Myers, Michael M.; Fertig, Gregory] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gonglewski, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8345-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7828 AR 78280D DI 10.1117/12.869248 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ27 UT WOS:000287757600012 ER PT S AU Matson, CL Flanagan, M Vincent, RA AF Matson, Charles L. Flanagan, Michael Vincent, R. Anthony BE Stein, K Gonglewski, JD TI The impact of low signal-to-noise ratio values on the achievability of Cramer-Rao lower bounds with multi-frame blind deconvolution algorithms SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIII CY SEP 20-21, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE blind deconvolution; signal-to-noise ratios; Cramer-Rao lower bounds ID PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION AB Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) theory can be used to calculate algorithm-independent lower bounds to the variances of parameter estimates. It is well known that the CRBs are achievable by algorithms only when the parameters can be estimated with sufficiently-high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Otherwise, the CRBs are still lower bounds, but there can be a large gap between the CRBs and the variances that can be achieved by algorithms. We present results from our initial investigations into the SNR dependence of the achievability of the CRBs by multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) algorithms for high-resolution imaging in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and sensor noise. With the use of sample statistics, we give examples showing that the minimum SNR value for which the CRBs can be achieved by our MFBD algorithm typically ranges between one and five, depending upon the strength of the prior knowledge used in the algorithm and the SNRs in the measured data. C1 [Matson, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8345-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7828 AR 78280M DI 10.1117/12.864330 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ27 UT WOS:000287757600019 ER PT J AU Spring, J Ward, B AF Spring, Justin Ward, Benjamin TI Brillouin gain suppression in photonic crystal fibers with random acoustically microstructured cores SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; AMPLIFIER; POWER AB Finite-element calculations of the Brillouin gain spectrum in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with cores incorporating random arrangements of regions with discrete acoustic velocities are presented. The peak Brillouin gain coefficient for PCFs with cores with an acoustic domain size of similar to 0.26 mu m(2) and an acoustic velocity variation of 3% was calculated to be 3.3 x 10(-12) m/W with a Brillouin gain spectrum FWHM of 280 MHz. This corresponds to a decrease in the peak Brillouin gain coefficient of 7.4 dB relative to a PCF with an acoustically homogeneous core. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Spring, Justin; Ward, Benjamin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Spring, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM justin.spring@usafa.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX The authors thank the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office for funding support. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547HN UT WOS:000273877700011 PM 20664663 ER PT S AU Singh, TB Sariciftci, NS Grote, JG AF Singh, Thokchom Birendra Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar Grote, James G. BA Meller, G Grasser, T Li, L BF Meller, G Grasser, T Li, L TI Bio-Organic Optoelectronic Devices Using DNA SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS SE Advances in Polymer Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Bioelectric phenomena; BioFET; BioLED; Biomolecular electronics; OFET; OLED; Organic electronics; Photonic devices; Plastic electronics ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; MOLECULES; CONDUCTIVITY; SCALE AB Biomolecular DNA, as a marine waste product from salmon processing, has been exploited as biodegradable polymeric material for photonics and electronics. For preparing high optical quality thin films of DNA, a method using DNA with cationic surfactants such as DNA-cetyltrimethylammonium, CTMA has been applied. This process enhances solubility and processing for thin film fabrication. These DNA-CTMA complexes resulted in the formation of self-assembled supramolecular films. Additionally, the molecular weight can be tailored to suit the application through sonication. It revealed that DNA-CTMA complexes were thermostable up to 230 degrees C. UV-VIS absorption shows that these thin films have high transparency from 350 to about 1,700 nm. Due to its nature of large band gap and large dielectric constant, thin films of DNA-CTMA has been successfully used in multiple applications such as organic light emitting diodes (OLED), a cladding and host material in nonlinear optical devices, and organic field-effect transistors (OFET). Using this DNA based biopolymers as a gate dielectric layer, OFET devices were fabricated that exhibits current-voltage characteristics with low voltages as compared with using other polymer-based dielectrics. Using a thin film of DNA-CTMA based biopolymer as the gate insulator and pentacene as the organic semiconductor, we have demonstrated a bio-organic FET or BioFET in which the current was modulated over three orders of magnitude using gate voltages less than 10 V. Given the possibility to functionalise the DNA film customised for specific purposes viz. biosensing, DNA-CTMA with its unique structural, optical and electronic properties results in many applications that are extremely interesting. C1 [Singh, Thokchom Birendra; Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Phys Chem, Linz Inst Organ Solar Cells LIOS, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, TB (reprint author), Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Phys Chem, Linz Inst Organ Solar Cells LIOS, A-4040 Linz, Austria. EM birendra.singh@CSIRO.Au; serdar.sariciftci@jku.at RI Singh, Birendra/H-1595-2011 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 8 U2 57 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-3195 BN 978-3-642-04538-7 J9 ADV POLYM SCI JI Adv. Polym. Sci. PY 2010 VL 223 BP 189 EP 212 DI 10.1007/12_2009_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04538-7 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BSB25 UT WOS:000284054400007 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Nadgorny, EM Woodward, C Uchic, MD Shade, PA AF Dimiduk, D. M. Nadgorny, E. M. Woodward, C. Uchic, M. D. Shade, P. A. TI An experimental investigation of intermittent flow and strain burst scaling behavior in LiF crystals during microcompression testing SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defects in Materials held at the 4th International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modeling CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL HO Florida State Univ DE size effect; microcompression; intermittency; scale-free flow; dislocation mechanism ID LITHIUM FLUORIDE CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISLOCATION MULTIPLICATION; MICRON-SCALE; PLASTIC-FLOW; SIMULATION; COMPRESSION; DEPENDENCE AB The first experimental statistical study is reported of intermittent plastic deformation of LiF microscopic samples having low initial dislocation densities, in both as-grown and gamma-irradiated conditions. The investigations used the microcompression testing method. Data sets were evaluated independently for the loading and flow deformation stages for each material. Investigations selectively examined evolution of the strain-burst response in both the spatial and temporal domains. A revised analysis technique provided advances in quantitative evaluations of the statistical experimental data relative to previous studies. Platen displacement event cumulative probability distributions exhibited both Gaussian regimes at small displacements and power law regimes for event displacement, duration and average velocity at larger sizes. However, the observed event size scaling exponents did not follow the expectation from mean-field theory, revealing scaling exponents in the range 1.8-2.9. Additionally, extraordinarily large displacement events were observed that exceeded the sizes of those found in previous studies by at least 10 times. Quantitative clarification of the power-law exponent values and their dependence on deforming sample conditions demands both further experimental studies with larger numbers of samples and a wider range of sample conditions. Such studies would benefit from better matching of the time scales of dislocation processes and observation and, still further improvements to the data analysis methods. C1 [Dimiduk, D. M.; Woodward, C.; Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nadgorny, E. M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Shade, P. A.] UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 27-28 BP 3621 EP 3649 AR PII 922237081 DI 10.1080/14786431003662572 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 637LN UT WOS:000280819300002 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Vaia, RA Arlen, M AF Tuncer, Enis Vaia, Richard A. Arlen, Michael TI Percolation in a nanotube-polymer system and its lumped-circuit modeling SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; nanotubes; impedance networks; electromagnetic properties; percolation ID SPECTRAL DENSITY REPRESENTATION; DIELECTRIC MIXTURES; THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RELAXATION-TIMES; COMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVITY; NANOCOMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION AB Electrical properties of composites composed of polyurethane polymer and multi-walled nanotubes are reported. Samples with different nanotube volume fractions are prepared, and an impedance spectroscopy technique in the frequency range from 10 mHz to 10 MHz is used to characterize the properties of the samples. It is observed that the resistivity of the mixture can be varied widely, from &Sim10 M&UOmegam to &Sim1 &UOmegam, just by slightly altering the volume fraction of nanotubes. A lumped-circuit model illustrated that the micro-scale morphology between nanotube-clusters influences the resistive relaxation in the composite system. The investigations show that the presented binary mixture has a potential to be utilized in conductive electrical components (flexible electrodes), electromagnetic shielding, and electrostatic and field grading materials for electronic and high voltage insulation technologies. C1 [Tuncer, Enis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.; Arlen, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, POB 2008,MS 6122, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is published by permission of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 9 BP 663 EP 675 AR PII 922904979 DI 10.1080/09500839.2010.493532 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 619VP UT WOS:000279458700005 ER PT J AU Zherebtsov, S Salishchev, G Semiatin, SL AF Zherebtsov, Sergey Salishchev, Gennady Semiatin, S. Lee TI Loss of coherency of the alpha/beta interface boundary in titanium alloys during deformation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; interfaces; coherency; plastic deformation ID FCC-BCC BOUNDARIES; STRUCTURAL LEDGES; PHASE BOUNDARIES; INTERPHASE BOUNDARY; CR ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; ORIENTATION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; MECHANISMS AB The loss of coherency of interphase boundaries in two-phase titanium alloys during deformation was analyzed. The energy of the undeformed interphase boundary was first determined by means of the van der Merwe model for stepped interfaces. The subsequent loss of coherency was ascribed to the increase of interphase energy due to absorption of lattice dislocations and was quantified by a relation similar to the Read-Shockley equation for low-angle boundaries in single-phase alloys. It was found that interphase boundaries lose their coherency by a strain of approximately 0.5 at T = 800 degrees C. C1 [Zherebtsov, Sergey; Salishchev, Gennady] Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Semiatin, S. Lee] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zherebtsov, S (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Lab Bulk Nanostruct Mat, 85 Pobeda St, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM zherebtsov@bsu.edu.ru RI Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; FU Federal Agency for Science and Innovations [02.740.11.0510] FX The authors express their thanks to Dr A. Belyakov, Belgorod State University, for providing useful advice and facilitating discussions. This study was supported by the Federal Agency for Science and Innovations, Grant No. 02.740.11.0510. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 12 BP 903 EP 914 AR PII 927201648 DI 10.1080/09500839.2010.521526 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 669AP UT WOS:000283319100006 ER PT S AU Zhou, WD Qiang, ZX Soref, RA AF Zhou, Weidong Qiang, Zexuan Soref, Richard A. BE Chremmos, I Schwelb, O Uzunoglu, N TI Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators and Ring Resonator Circuits SO PHOTONIC MICRORESONATOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAVE-GUIDE; MICRORING-RESONATOR; ELECTROOPTIC POLYMER; DROP FILTERS; SILICON; MODULATORS; MODE; LASER; LIGHT; SYMMETRY AB We present the characteristics and applications of photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRR). Photonic crystal confinement can achieve very high cavity quality factor ring resonators. Diffraction-limited ultra-compact PCRRs are feasible due to the absence of size-dependent losses. The flexible modal properties can offer flexible design and integration schemes for either forward or backward propagating add-drop filters based on single- or dual-ring PCRRs. Hybrid-confined PCRRs also show great potential and useful characteristics. Furthermore, we report a few device and circuit configurations based on PCRRs for high-speed modulators, filters, delay lines, etc. Such PCRR structures can potentially provide a good alternative to the traditional microring resonators, as one of the key contributors to the emerging low-power nanophotonics technology. C1 [Zhou, Weidong; Qiang, Zexuan] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Soref, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYNC, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Zhou, WD (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, NanoFAB Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wzhou@uta.edu; qiangzx@fjnu.edu.cn; richard.soref@hanscom.af.mil NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0342-4111 BN 978-1-4419-1743-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI PY 2010 VL 156 BP 299 EP 326 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1744-7_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1744-7 PG 28 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BPH47 UT WOS:000278855600013 ER PT J AU Wooten, D Ketsman, I Xiao, J Losovyj, YB Petrosky, J McClory, J Burak, YV Adamiv, VT Dowben, PA AF Wooten, David Ketsman, I. Xiao, Jie Losovyj, Ya. B. Petrosky, J. McClory, J. Burak, Ya. V. Adamiv, V. T. Dowben, P. A. TI The surface core level shift for lithium at the surface of lithium borate SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Oxide dielectric layers; Lithium tetraborate; Surface-to-bulk core level shift ID BINDING-ENERGY SHIFTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LI2B4O7; PHOTOEMISSION; TRANSITION; CRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; TI(0001); FILMS AB The shallow Li 1s core level exhibits a surface-to-bulk core level shift for the stoichiometric Li(2)B(4)O(7)(110) surface. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy was used to indentify Li 1s bulk and surface core level components at binding energies - 56.5 +/- 0.4 and -53.7 +/- 0.5 eV, respectively. We find photoemission evidence for surface states of Li(2)B(4)O(7)(110) that exist in the gap of the projected bulk density of states. The existence of surface states is consistent with the large surface-to-bulk core level shift for the Li 1s core. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ketsman, I.; Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ketsman, I.; Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wooten, David; Petrosky, J.; McClory, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Losovyj, Ya. B.] Louisiana State Univ, J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Burak, Ya. V.; Adamiv, V. T.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 880111, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Xiao, Jie/E-9640-2012; OI Xiao, Jie/0000-0002-2320-6111; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-1-2-0128]; Nebraska Research Initiative FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant nos. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-1-2-0128), and the Nebraska Research Initiative. This work was undertaken in partial fulfillment of the doctoral degree at ART by one author (DW). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 1 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.08.312 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 537CZ UT WOS:000273091800088 ER PT J AU Gothard, N Spowart, JE Tritt, TM AF Gothard, N. Spowart, J. E. Tritt, T. M. TI Thermal conductivity reduction in fullerene-enriched p-type bismuth telluride composites SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; FIGURE; MERIT; SCATTERING; APPARATUS; DEVICES AB We present a systematic study of the effects of fullerene nanoinclusions upon a p-type bismuthy-antimony-telluride matrix where the ultimate goal is maximizing the figure of merit by reducing the thermal conductivity (TC) Nanocomposites consisting of a bismuth-telluride matrix with fullerene inclusions have been prepared both by mechanical mixing and ball milling, with the final consolidation in each case achieved by uniaxial hot pressing. A series of samples was produced with fullerene concentrations ranging from fractional levels to several molar percent, and the effects of the fullerence additions upon the resulting. microstructure have been considered. Thermal and electrical, transport properties have been measured from 10 to 300 K, and the data are discussed in light of the underlying physical mechanisms. C1 [Gothard, N.; Tritt, T. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Gothard, N.; Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tritt, TM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ttritt@clemson.edu FU Universal Technologies Corporation [0978-205-2006541] FX The authors acknowledge support from Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, through a Collaborative Research and Development contract with Universal Technologies Corporation (UTC-Air Force/0978-205-2006541). Special thanks are extended to Dr. Jeff Sharp of Marlow Industries for supplying the n- and p-type bismuth-telluride ingots. We also acknowledge Dr. Christopher A. Crouse for his valuable help with the FESEM as well as Dr. Jian He and Dr. Bevan E. Elliot for helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 207 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1002/pssa.200925145 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 552HT UT WOS:000274280900024 ER PT S AU Terry, N Walton, M Bedford, R AF Terry, N. Walton, M. Bedford, R. BE Witzigmann, B Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y Osinski, M TI Analysis and characterization of the small-signal modulation of a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XVIII CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor laser; diode-pumped lasers; modulation; relaxation oscillations; VECSEL ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB The small signal modulation of a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) is examined. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the cavity is measured for multiple photon lifetimes operating between Class A and Class B regimes, where the photon and carrier lifetimes are of the same order. Three coupled ordinary differential equations with similarities to an electrically-injected quantum-well laser with a separate confinement heterostructure are used to mathematically describe the time-dependant VECSEL response. We present a series of measurements that provide important laser parameters such as internal device losses and differential gain. The VECSEL operating in this regime is an overdamped oscillator and has free-running characteristics that are not unlike quantum-dot and quantum-cascade lasers. C1 [Terry, N.; Walton, M.; Bedford, R.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Terry, N (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nathan.terry@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7993-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7597 AR 75972B DI 10.1117/12.852283 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BSN16 UT WOS:000284994900056 ER PT S AU Marathay, AS McCalmont, JF Pollock, DB AF Marathay, A. S. McCalmont, J. F. Pollock, D. B. GP Electromagnet Acad TI Radiometry, Wave Optics and Spatial Coherence SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad AB Conventional radiometry concepts are based on geometry or ray optics. However, radiation is an electromagnetic wave. In this paper, radiometry is generalized to include the framework of wave theory. Key radiometric quantities and sources of conventional radiometry are redefined in the context of wave optics. The mutual coherence function and other statistical quantities are incorporated and play a central role in connecting the radiometric quantities of conventional radiometry to those of generalized radiometry. Stationary phase concepts are employed to determine the radiometry of diffracting systems. Specific examples of generalized radiometry are examined such as black body radiation, partially coherent sources, and coherent sources. C1 [Marathay, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCalmont, J. F.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Pollock, D. B.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Marathay, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 485 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800101 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. GP Electromagnet Acad TI a-b Plane Dielectric Discussion on Layered Multiferroic Oxides SO PIERS 2010 XI'AN: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY MAR 22-26, 2010 CL Xi'an, PEOPLES R CHINA SP NW Polytechn Univ, Natl Key Lab Space Microwave Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad AB With a goal to investigate possible anisotropic dielectric properties in layered multiferroic oxides, infrared reflection measurement was used to measure dielectric constants inside the a-b lane of highly c-oriented double layered Bi2FeCrO6 thin film, and the results were compared to that from highly c-oriented BiFeO3 thin film. The dielectric spectra were identified according to optical phonons, and the areas with negative permittivity were analyzed. The preliminary effort will actually lead to a very interesting area of finding new photonic materials for efficiently controlling EM waves. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-12-7 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 169 EP 171 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT95 UT WOS:000305504900034 ER PT S AU Lu, YL Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. GP Electromagnet Acad TI Realization of Negative Refraction via Overlapping Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Oxides SO PIERS 2010 XI'AN: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY MAR 22-26, 2010 CL Xi'an, PEOPLES R CHINA SP NW Polytechn Univ, Natl Key Lab Space Microwave Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad ID SUPERLATTICES; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB Two possible mechanisms in periodically overlapped ferroelectric and ferromagnetic oxides toward realizing negative refraction are discussed. When using the superlattice structure, phonon spectral coupling among an incident electromagnetic waves, dielectric dipoles and magnetic moments will generate special polaritons showing both -mu and -epsilon in a short frequency range after the resonance. When using a multilayer, new resonance frequency-tuning approaches will be used to fine-tune both dielectric and magnetic resonances to concurrence at the same frequency. Similarly, negative refraction could be expected after the concurred resonance frequency. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-12-7 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT95 UT WOS:000305504900035 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Haji-saeed, B Buchwald, W Woods, C AF Khoury, Jed Haji-saeed, Bahareh Buchwald, Walter Woods, Charles BE Stockman, MI TI Electrically Tunable Surface Plasmon for THz Emission, Detection and other Applications SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties VIII CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state tunable lasers; surface plasmon; plasmonic ID SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB In this paper, we present a design for a widely tunable solid-state optically and electrically pumped THz laser based on the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser. In the free-electron laser, an energetic electron beam pumps a metallic grating to generate surface plasmons. Our solid-state optically pumped design consists of a thin layer of dielectic, such as SiNx, sandwiched between a corrugated structure and a thin metal or semiconductor layer. The lower layer is for current streaming, and replaces the electron beam in the original design. The upper layer consists of one micro-grating for coupling the electromagnetic field in, another for coupling out, and a nano-grating for coupling with the current in the lower layer for electromagnetic field generation. The surface plasmon waves generated from the upper layer by an external electromagnetic field, and the lower layer by the applied current, are coupled. Emission enhancement occurs when the plasmonic waves in both layers are resonantly coupled. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Buchwald, Walter; Woods, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-253-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7757 AR 77571J DI 10.1117/12.861428 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU51 UT WOS:000285828300019 ER PT S AU Patel, HJ Mack, RT LeMaster, DA Harris, JS Forrai, D Servaites, JM AF Patel, Hiren J. Mack, Robert T. LeMaster, Daniel A. Harris, James S. Forrai, David Servaites, Jan M. BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI SPITFIRE multi-band short-wave and mid-wave polarimetric camera SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing IX CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Polarimetry; focal plane array; filter wheel; mid-wave infrared; wire-grid AB Polarimetric sensors are valued for their capability to distinguish man-made objects from surrounding clutter. The SPITFIRE (Spectral Polarimetric Imaging Test Field InstRumEnt) polarimetric camera is designed to function in multiple bands in the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) and Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) regions. SPITFIRE is a Stokes micro-grid polarimetric system with a 4 band spectral filter wheel. The focal plane array (FPA) as well as the filter wheel are located in a Dewar which is cooled via liquid nitrogen. By cooling the band-pass filter to the same temperature as the FPA, self-emission noise is decreased. In this paper we discuss the design and fabrication of the polarimetric camera (optics, Dewar, filter wheel and FPA), the data capture and processing system, initial characterization of the camera's performance, and future plans for the camera. C1 [Patel, Hiren J.; Mack, Robert T.; LeMaster, Daniel A.; Harris, James S.; Servaites, Jan M.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8136-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7672 AR 767207 DI 10.1117/12.851510 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS36 UT WOS:000285627100007 ER PT S AU Wehling, MF Goldstein, DH AF Wehling, Martin F. Goldstein, Dennis H. BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI Methods in arthropod retinography for evaluation of spectral polarization sensitivity SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing IX CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE electroretinography; electrophysiology; polarization vision; arthropod vision; animal vision AB We describe apparatus and methods to measure the sensitivity of arthropod eyes to wavelength and polarization. While these general methods are well-known in the retinography community, they are less familiar to the general optics community. Measurement of polarization sensitivity is particularly uncommon even among retinographers, and our research plan and example results are detailed. C1 [Wehling, Martin F.; Goldstein, Dennis H.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Wehling, MF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM martin.wehling@eglin.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8136-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7672 AR 10.1117/12.849496 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS36 UT WOS:000285627100016 ER PT J AU Chen, R Lu, YC Yang, FQ Tandon, GP Schoeppner, GA AF Chen, Rong Lu, Y. C. Yang, Fuqian Tandon, G. P. Schoeppner, G. A. TI Impression Creep of PMR-15 Resin at Elevated Temperatures SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; POLYCARBONATE; PENETRATION; VISCOSITY; ALLOY; DEPTH AB The polyimides formed from the polymerization of monomeric-reactants (PMR) approach have been increasingly used as matrix materials in fiber-reinforced composites on aerospace and space structures for high temperature applications. The performance of PMR-based structures depends on the mechanical durability of PMR resins at elevated temperatures, including creep and stress relaxation. In this work, the creep behavior of PMR-15 resin was studied using the impression technique in the temperature range of 563-613 K and the punching stress range of 76-381 MPa. It was found that there existed a steady state creep for the creep tests performed at temperatures of 563 K and higher, from which a constant impression velocity was calculated. The steady state impression velocity increased with temperature and punching stress with the stress exponent in the range of 1.5-2.2. The average of the apparent activation energy of the PMR-15 was calculated as 122.7 +/- 6.1 kJ/mol. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:209-213, 2010. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Chen, Rong; Yang, Fuqian] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Lu, Y. C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Yang, FQ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM fyang0@engr.uky.edu RI Chen, Rong/A-7074-2012 FU NSF [CMS-0508989, CMMI 0800018] FX FY is grateful for support from the NSF grants CMS-0508989 and CMMI 0800018. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 EI 1548-2634 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1002/pen.21532 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 540HY UT WOS:000273323400025 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Kubel, C AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Kuebel, Christian TI Polymer Microscopy: Current Challenges SO POLYMER REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE polymer; microscopy; atomic force microscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY C1 [Drummy, Lawrence F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kuebel, Christian] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil OI Kuebel, Christian/0000-0001-5701-4006 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1558-3724 J9 POLYM REV JI Polym. Rev. PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 231 EP 234 AR PII 925943200 DI 10.1080/15583724.2010.493625 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 640WI UT WOS:000281084300001 ER PT B AU Blair, JEA Rigolin, VH AF Blair, John Edward Abellera Rigolin, Vera H. BE Goldberger, JJ Ng, J TI Echocardiography SO PRACTICAL SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING IN CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Blair, John Edward Abellera] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Blair, John Edward Abellera] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rigolin, Vera H.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Blair, JEA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jblair1@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84882-514-7 PY 2010 BP 187 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-1-84882-515-4_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-84882-515-4 PG 31 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSX22 UT WOS:000286014800014 ER PT S AU Chun, YB Semiatin, SL Hwang, SK AF Chun, Y. B. Semiatin, S. L. Hwang, S. K. BE Nie, JF Morton, A TI Monte-Carlo Modeling of Recrystallization Kinetics of Cold-Rolled Titanium SO PRICM 7, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY AUG 02-06, 2010 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Chinese Soc Metals, Japan Inst Metals, Korean Inst Metals & Mat, Mat Australia, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Monte-Carlo modeling; electron backscattering diffraction; titanium; recrystallization; Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model ID MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; STATIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; SIMULATION AB The recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled, commercial-purity titanium was studied experimentally and with Monte-Carlo (MC) modeling. Utilization of EBSD-OIM as input for MC modeling resulted in realistic predictions of recrystallization kinetics, microstructure and texture, which were in good agreement with experimental results. MC modeling of recrystallization kinetics predicted that the non-uniform stored energy distribution, heterogeneous nucleation of recrystallization and recovery in combination leads to a negative deviation from linear JMAK kinetics. It was found that concurrent recovery that takes place during recrystallization is an important process that controls both the overall recrystallization kinetics and the deviation of linear JMAK kinetics. On the other hand, the non-uniformly distributed stored energy itself has little effect on the negative deviation from JMAK kinetics but intensifies the deviation when heterogeneous nucleation is combined. Modeling results also revealed that heterogeneous nucleation of recrystallized grains and their early impingement in local areas of high deformation are essential for producing a log-normal distribution of grain size and a typical recrystallization texture of rolled titanium. C1 [Chun, Y. B.] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Semiatin, S. L.] Wright Patterson AF Base, AFRL MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hwang, S. K.] Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Incheon 402751, South Korea. RP Chun, YB (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM borobang@gmail.com; Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mill; skhwang2@gmail.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Korea Ministry of Science and Technology [KOSEF 2008-0058854] FX The present work was performed under the auspices of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development. It was also partially supported by the KOSEF 2008-0058854 program of the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 654-656 BP 1486 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.1486 PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSQ15 UT WOS:000285374600364 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Hajj, MR Beran, PS AF Pettit, C. L. Hajj, M. R. Beran, P. S. TI A stochastic approach for modeling incident gust effects on flow quantities SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty quantification; Gust loads; Polynomial chaos expansion; PCE ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; PARAMETRIC UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATIONS; WIND AB The uncertainty in gust loads on a rigid, flat-plate airfoil at zero angle-of-attack due to imprecise knowledge of the gust parameters is quantified. The loads are computed using the unsteady vortex lattice model, which includes temporal variations in wake vorticity and the associated downwash on the airfoil. The non-intrusive formulation of the polynomial chaos expansion in terms of the multivariate Hermite polynomials is employed to quantify the uncertainty in the predicted unsteady lift. The expansion coefficients were estimated through Latin hypercube sampling of the parameters in the vertical and streamwise gust spectra. The first-order chaos expansion in terms of the uncertain spectral parameters was found to be sufficient for representing the stochastic aerodynamic lift, which was found to be most sensitive to imprecision in the standard deviation of the vertical component of the gust. These conclusions were found to be unaffected by ignoring the effects of gusts on the locations of the shed vortices in the airfoil's wake. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hajj, M. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pettit, C. L.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Beran, P. S.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hajj, MR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mhajj@vt.edu RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Hajj, Muhammad/A-1176-2010 FU Air Vehicles Directorate, US Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Laboratory [03VA01COR] FX The first and second authors were sponsored through grants from the Air Vehicles Directorate, US Air Force Research Laboratory. The third author was partially sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Laboratory Task 03VA01COR (Dr. Fariba Fahroo - Program Manager). The support of these sponsors is greatly appreciated. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2009.08.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 519WB UT WOS:000271798800016 ER PT S AU Calebrese, C Nelson, JK Schadler, LS Schweickart, D AF Calebrese, Christopher Nelson, J. Keith Schadler, Linda S. Schweickart, Daniel GP IEEE TI Polyamideimide-alumina nanocomposites for high-temperatures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID DIELECTRICS (ICSD 2010) SE IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics-ICSD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid Dielectrics ICSD CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Univ Potsdam, Potsdam, GERMANY SP IEEE, Dielect & Elect Insulation Soc (DEIS), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astronomy, Applied Condensed-Matter Phys HO Univ Potsdam DE Dielectric spectroscopy; dielectric strength; high temperature; polyamidie-imide; nanocomposite ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Metal oxide nanoparticles have been shown to improve the dielectric breakdown strength of insulating polymers. Polyamideimide is a material of practical use for high temperature insulation, and nanoparticle fillers show promise in improving the high temperature stability and dielectric breakdown strength. This work demonstrates the effect of 40-50 nm alumina nanoparticles on the improvement in AC breakdown strength of polyamideimide at elevated temperature and characterizes related electrical properties to gain insight into the mechanisms leading to this improvement. Breakdown tests were performed at temperatures up to 300 degrees C. The buildup and movement of space charge as a function of filler loading was measured at room temperature using pulsed electroacoustic analysis. Dielectric spectroscopy was used to measure the permittivity at temperatures up to 300 degrees C. In addition to improving the dielectric breakdown strength, alumina nanoparticles also improved the resistance to thermal degradation, which should allow operation of the composites at temperatures above the operating temperature of the base resin. C1 [Calebrese, Christopher; Nelson, J. Keith; Schadler, Linda S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schweickart, Daniel] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Calebrese, C (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU UES, Inc. [FA8650-04-D-2404/DO-04] FX This work is supported through UES, Inc., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, by contract number FA8650-04-D-2404/DO-04. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-5282 BN 978-1-4244-7944-3 J9 IEEE INT C SOL DIEL PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM90 UT WOS:000287375600050 ER PT J AU Kauffman, K Morton, Y Raquet, J Garmatyuk, D AF Kauffman, Kyle Morton, Yu Raquet, John Garmatyuk, Dmitriy GP INST NAVIGATION TI Simulation Study of UWB-OFDM SAR for Dead-Reckoning Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - ITM 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Diego, CA DE UWB radar; OFDM; dead reckoning; navigation; synthetic aperture radar AB There is a great need to develop non-GPS based methods for position and navigation in situations where GPS is not available. This paper explores the usage of an Ultra-Wideband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (UWB-OFDM) sensor for dead-reckoning navigation. A single aerial vehicle (AV) travels along a fixed axis recording raw Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in a stripmap configuration, with persistent scatterers located along the axis of travel. Our customized search algorithm is combined with the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) to track the AVs position as it flies along its axis of travel. We perform a series of simulations to find a baseline performance for the achievable position accuracy using an UWB-OFDM sensor to locate the AV in real time. The accuracy of the calculated position is analyzed as functions of scatterer availability, locations, and received SNR. C1 [Kauffman, Kyle; Raquet, John] USAF, Inst Technol, Adv Nav Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kauffman, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Adv Nav Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPW15 UT WOS:000280139100017 ER PT S AU MacKenzie, A Miller, JO Hill, R AF MacKenzie, Adam Miller, J. O. Hill, Raymond BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI AN EXPLORATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MAINTENANCE MANNING ON COMBAT MISSION READINESS UTILIZING AGENT BASED MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Agent based models are powerful tools in describing processes and systems centered on individual behaviors and local interactions. Current application areas tend to be focused within the business and social science arenas, although their usefulness has been demonstrated in the modeling of various chemistry and physics-based systems and more recently, in unit-level military combat operations. Conversely, many highly process-oriented systems, such as manufacturing environments, tend to be modeled via "top-down" methods, including discrete or continuous event simulations. As a result, potentially critical attributes of the modeled entities or resources (spatial properties or adaptability) may not be adequately captured or developed. This research develops an agent based model for application to a problem heretofore addressed solely via discrete event simulation or stochastic mathematical models. Specifically, a model is constructed to investigate the effects of differing levels of maintenance manning on sortie production capability, while examining those effects on the resulting Combat Mission Readiness (CMR) of a typical F-16 squadron. C1 [MacKenzie, Adam; Miller, J. O.; Hill, Raymond] USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MacKenzie, A (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Adam.Mackenzie@pentagon.af.mil; john.miller@afit.edu; raymond.hill@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 1376 EP 1382 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5679053 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976701058 ER PT S AU Kwak, H Borghetti, B AF Kwak, Hyon Borghetti, Brett BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI REDUCING COMMUNICATION DETECTION AND EAVESDROPPING USING MOBILE AGENT RELAY NETWORKS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB Although mobile wireless communication provides connectivity where hardwired links are difficult or impractical, environmental conditions can still hinder communications. Increasing transmission power reduces battery life and increases susceptibility to eavesdropping. Adding stationary repeater nodes is impractical for highly mobile users in dangerous environments. Using remotely-controlled mobile relay nodes requires centralized control schemes which and adds network traffic overhead and introduces a single point of failure at the controller. An alternative is to create a Mobile Agent Relay Network (MARN). Each autonomous node in the MARN is an agent that decides where to move to maintain the network connectivity using only locally available information from onboard sensors and communication with in-range neighbor nodes. MARN agents form and maintain a communication network that provides connectivity for users while reducing the overall radio frequency footprint, minimizing the likelihood of detection and eavesdropping. We characterize the footprint reduction both theoretically and in simulation. C1 [Kwak, Hyon; Borghetti, Brett] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kwak, H (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hyon.kwak@gmail.com; brett.borghetti@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 2832 EP 2841 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5678978 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976703002 ER PT S AU Haught, J Hopkinson, K Stuckey, N Dop, M Stirling, A AF Haught, James Hopkinson, Kenneth Stuckey, Nathan Dop, Michael Stirling, Alexander BE Johansson, B Jain, S MontoyaTorres, J Hugan, J Yucesan, E TI A KALMAN FILTER-BASED PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR BETTER NETWORK CONTEXT-AWARENESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 05-08, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ASA, ACM/SIGSIM, IEEE/SMC, IIE, INFORMS-SIM, NIST, SCS AB This article investigates the use of Kalman filters at strategic network locations to allow predictions of future network congestion. The premise is that intelligent agents can use such predictions to form context-aware, cognitive processes for managing communication in mobile networks. Network management is improved through the use of context-awareness, which is provided through rough long or mid-term plans of operation and short-term predictions of network state and congestion levels. Research into incorporating an intelligent awareness of the network state enables a middleware platform to better react to current conditions. Simulations illustrate the advantages of this techniques when compared to traditional mobile network protocols, where the general assumption is that nothing is known about the mobility or communication patterns of the mobile entities and the network is often treated as an opaque black box. Our approach shows promise for improved network management. C1 [Haught, James; Hopkinson, Kenneth; Stuckey, Nathan; Dop, Michael; Stirling, Alexander] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haught, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-9864-2 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2010 BP 2927 EP 2934 DI 10.1109/WSC.2010.5678987 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BTS41 UT WOS:000287976703009 ER PT J AU Miller, MM AF Miller, Mikel M. GP ION TI The Impact of GNSS on PNT Applications Around the World SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR C1 USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 125 EP 139 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734900005 ER PT B AU Trunzo, A Benshoof, P DiEsposti, R Markota, M Hewlett, J Mahmood, S AF Trunzo, Angelo Benshoof, Paul DiEsposti, Ray Markota, Mitch Hewlett, Joe Mahmood, Sultan GP ION TI End-to-End GPS Multi-Platform Integrated System Testing for MGUE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB GPS is widely used as an integrated component within platform electronic system suites. Examples are: a receiver within an integrated GPS/inertial navigation system (INS), a timing component within a radio, or a navigation element within an aircraft avionics system. The Modernized User Equipment (MUE) set of receivers in development by the GPS Wing (GPSW) will utilize the modernized M-code signals broadcast from GPS Block IIR-M, IIF and III satellites. The MUE will incorporate significant upgrades associated with the processing and use of these new signals. Some configurations using multiple receivers require GPS navigation message data, as received from the GPS signal-in-space (SIS), to flow across interfaces to stores or recipient platforms in addition to the typical receiver output information of Position-Velocity-Time (PVT). This is done, for example, when one receiver is used to hot start another receiver. As the modernized GPS Space Segment and Control Segment are deployed, platforms will gradually transition from legacy receiver operation to Modernized GPS User Equipment (MGUE). The transition will be especially complex for integrated systems involving multiple platforms, since the host platform receiver may be upgraded to MGUE before or after the recipient platform receiver. Thus, MGUE must be backwards-compatible and interoperable with already deployed legacy and SAASM-based Y-code receivers. To reduce risk associated with transition, End-to-End (E2E) system testing is proposed for MGUE. For example, host platform and recipient receiver testing should include the integrated components of the GPS constellation Space Segment (SS) SIS, the Control Segment (CS) functionality, host platform, the recipient platform, and the interfaces connecting these components. The 746(th) Test Squadron (TS) at Holloman AFB, NM, the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) at China Lake, CA, and the Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility (GWEF) at Eglin AFB, FL propose partnering to provide this comprehensive and multi-functional MGUE E2E testing service to the GPS Wing (GPSW) and other GPS developers or users. This paper will describe some proposed E2E test equipment architectures, instrumentation for lab and field testing, proposed testing methodologies, and approaches using generic legacy user equipment, MGUE configurations, and fully-integrated systems. Testing is proposed using simulated and program of record components. Methods are proposed for flow down of functional and performance spec requirements into a representative set of test scenarios. The objectives of this paper are to identify technical issues and present cost-effective approaches to test MGUE in E2E fashion, reducing platform integration risk and helping to progress the MGUE program through higher levels of confidence prior to MGUE operational deployment. C1 [Trunzo, Angelo; Benshoof, Paul] 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Trunzo, A (reprint author), 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 826 EP 834 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734900064 ER PT B AU Arwood, S Mills, R Raines, R AF Arwood, Sam Mills, Robert Raines, Richard BE Armistead, EL TI Operational art and Strategy in Cyberspace SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Cyber warfare theory; operational planning AB While there has been much written about cyberspace and the potential of cyber warfare in general, there is little discussion about specific cyber warfare theory-that is how cyberspace capabilities can be integrated with other traditional military capabilities to influence an adversary, achieve effects, and win wars. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate conversation about operational art in cyberspace. Specifically, we present a planning approach that ties together national strategy, instruments of national power, and a well-known targeting strategy for complex systems. The result is a method of selecting targets that can be traced to higher-level strategies and outcomes. C1 [Arwood, Sam; Mills, Robert; Raines, Richard] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arwood, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sam.arwood@us.af.mil; robert.mills@afit.edu; richard.raines@afit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700002 ER PT J AU Barnard, C Mullins, B AF Barnard, Curt Mullins, Barry BE Armistead, EL TI BotNet Communication in an Asymmetric Information Warfare Campaign SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Botnets; data exfiltration; steganography; covert command and control AB As computer viruses have evolved, they have developed means of communicating that turned them into one of the greatest threats in modern computer security. Initially, viruses would connect to an Internet chat server to receive instructions, whether they be to launch a denial of service attack or to harvest credit card numbers from the computers they infected. Over time, these Botnets developed more advanced methods of communicating and now use peer-to-peer and other distributed protocols for issuing commands. This paper describes how infected machines in a Botnet communicate, and how the goal of a Botnet might cause the creator to tailor their communication to achieve that goal. This paper culminates with a brief summary of our research into Botnet communication channels. C1 [Barnard, Curt; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnard, C (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cbarnard@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700003 ER PT B AU Boleng, J Henson, M AF Boleng, Jeff Henson, Michael BE Armistead, EL TI Expanding Cyberspace Education and Training SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Education; training; cyberspace; information warfare AB The global, pervasive interconnected grid of electrical, electronic, and information technologies has created a new domain in the same sense as the physical domains of land, air, and sea that we all depend on. The domain of cyberspace impacts everyone and is a key element of the global community and commerce. Warfare in the cyber domain is inevitable and ongoing. Participation in and dependence on the cyber domain is not limited to computer scientists or computer engineers. On the contrary, actions in the cyber domain impact everyone, but ironically, most cyber education and training is narrowly focused to technical specialties. This paper outlines our efforts at the US Air Force Academy to provide in depth cyber warfare experiences, including network defense, exploitation, and attack, to a wide range of students. Our goal is to provide a deep set of experiences to all our graduates so they are equipped with the knowledge and skills to effectively defend the United States in, through, and with cyberspace. C1 [Boleng, Jeff; Henson, Michael] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Boleng, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeff.boleng@usafa.edu; michael.henson@usafa.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700005 ER PT J AU Fadul, J Hopkinson, K Andel, T Kurkowski, S Moore, J AF Fadul, Jose Hopkinson, Kenneth Andel, Todd Kurkowski, Stuart Moore, James BE Armistead, EL TI Simple Trust Protocol for Wired and Wireless SCADA Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Trust; protocol; security; SCADA; wired networks; wireless networks AB Existing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks are not designed with security in mind. Traditional SCADA controllers react in an automated way that is oblivious to unanticipated malicious attacks, component malfunctions and other byzantine failures. A fast method is needed that takes trust into account in SCADA control systems. In this article, we develop the Simple Trust protocol to allow for low computational and bandwidth cost in evaluating trust between SCADA components and demonstrate (through simulation) its capability to meet SCADA critical timing constrains. This type of system is a first step towards more sophisticated SCADA controllers, which can proactively operate under malicious attacks and failure conditions. C1 [Fadul, Jose] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fadul, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jose.fadul@afit.edu; Kenneth.Hopkinson@afit.edu; Todd.Andel@afit.edu; Stuart.Kurkowski@afit.edu; James.Moore@afit.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700012 ER PT J AU Fryer, B Merritt, K Trias, E AF Fryer, Bryon Merritt, Kris Trias, Eric BE Armistead, EL TI Security in the Emerging African Broadband Environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Africa; Software Piracy; Botnet; Broadband; Social Responsibility AB With broadband service proposed to be widely available in Africa by 2011, computer insecurity implications that could affect more than Africa's borders abound. The insecurity issues are intensified by the increase in digital aid being offered Africans in the form of free computers as well as the widespread use of pirated operating systems, which lack current security patches and updates. The imminent threat this places on Africans and Internet users around the globe is one that needs further clarification, observation, and critical review. We examine the causal relationships between widespread software piracy, unpatched systems, ease of connection, and impacts on the potential exploitation of such a vulnerable environment. Ultimately, theoretical examination through qualitative analysis lead us to a set of finite issues that need to addressed. Africa's computer systems are among the most vulnerable to exploitation. As broadband services become more accessible, nefarious actors exploiting the vulnerability presented by Africa's general computer insecurity could wreak havoc across the globe. Some entities have the ability to act now, but the window of opportunity is narrowing. This is a preliminary analysis of how this vulnerable environment is forming as well as who has the ability to mitigate the negative impact of this broadband explosion, such as operating system developers, antivirus vendors, local and national leaders, and information technology communities. C1 [Fryer, Bryon; Merritt, Kris; Trias, Eric] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fryer, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. EM bryon.fryer@afit.edu; kris.merritt@afit.edu; eric.trias@afit.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700013 ER PT J AU Graddy, M Strouble, D AF Graddy, Marchello Strouble, Dennis BE Armistead, EL TI Critical Infrastructure Control Systems Vulnerabilities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Cyber warfare; infrastructure control systems AB As computer technology has permeated much of today's society, the interconnectedness of the world can be viewed as both an economic advantage and a security weakness. The networked world has nourished an environment in which cyber warfare can flourish. Cyber warfare has become a desired mode of fighting when attacking a highly industrialized and wired nation. Nations throughout the world are developing and executing cyber warfare strategies to disrupt their enemy's communications, logistics, transportation and military infrastructures. One of the most powerful attacks that can be rendered on a nation's ability to make war is a cyber attack on the computerized systems that control its critical infrastructure. Critical infrastructure includes a nation's communications, public works, financial and utility institutions. In the United States, the utility infrastructure control systems were designed as non-networked, stand alone entities to prevent unauthorized infiltration. With the privatization of utility services, these systems are now being integrated with corporate communication infrastructures in an effort to achieve cost savings and are now vulnerable to attack. The systems, with their dedicated software and hardware, are unable to be patched to address security concerns. Additionally, when utility services upgrade their control systems, budgetary constraints force them to select a commercially available software packages that are available throughout the world. These programs can also be purchased by the enemies of the state and then manipulated to gain knowledge of the system that can result in unfettered access to the nation's critical infrastructure control systems. Although public and private organizations throughout the nation have taken the initiative and made small strives in security, more must be done. The government of the United States must develop and enforce standards on infrastructure control systems to safeguard the nation's lifeblood, its critical infrastructure. This paper provides a non-technical overview of the United States' critical utility infrastructure control systems. The overview includes the proliferation of their use, their history, security threats and incidents. Also highlighted are some of the initiatives that both public and private organizations have taken to address this issue. Finally recommendations to increase security are made. C1 [Graddy, Marchello; Strouble, Dennis] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Graddy, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Marchello.Graddy@afit.edu; Dennis.Strouble@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700014 ER PT B AU Hale, B Grimaila, M Mills, R Haas, M Maynard, P AF Hale, Brian Grimaila, Michael Mills, Robert Haas, Michael Maynard, Phillip BE Armistead, EL TI Communicating Potential Mission Impact Using Shared Mission Representations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Mission impact assessment; situational awareness; mission assurance ID RISK; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Commercial, governmental, and military organizations alike have deeply embedded information technologies into their core mission processes due to enormous benefits provided by data, information, and knowledge management. Despite the development, promulgation, and implementation of information assurance best practices, inevitably an organization will experience an information incident ( e. g., the loss of confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, and/or authenticity of an information asset). When this occurs, it is imperative to inform those that are critically dependent on the affected information resources in a timely and relevant manner so that appropriate contingency measures can be taken to assure mission operations. While various methods have been proposed to improve the timeliness of incident notification, little work has been done to investigate how to improve the relevance of notification to affected decision makers. In this paper, we explore recent developments in improving the relevance of notification that use shared mission representations as a means to efficiently communicate potential mission impacts following an information incident. Specifically, we consider the use of shared representations of the organizational functions, tasks, and processes, annotated with information dependencies and constraints, as a means to communicate relevant mission impacts to decision makers in a timely manner. We conjecture that the use of annotated models provides the ability to provide meaningful, actionable understanding of the potential impact following an information incident. C1 [Hale, Brian; Grimaila, Michael; Mills, Robert; Haas, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hale, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.hale@afit.edu; michael.grimaila@afit.edu; robert.mills@afit.edu; michael.haas@afit.edu; phillip.maynard@afmc.af.mil NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700016 ER PT J AU Henry, W Stange, J Trias, E AF Henry, Wayne Stange, Jacob Trias, Eric BE Armistead, EL TI Pearl Harbor 2.0: When Cyber-Acts Lead to the Battlefield SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE War; cyber; policy; Pearl Harbor; act of war; use of force AB Today, America is under constant siege in cyberspace, with an uncountable number of daily attacks ranging from benign to insidious. Which of these attacks would draw America into a major conflict like Pearl Harbor in 1941 or the terrorist's acts on September 11, 2001? Despite the exponential increase in cyberspace attacks, no international policy has adequately established a characterization for what acts constitute an "act of war." The issues left unaddressed by this vacuum in policy include the determination of cyber attack fallout, the appropriate attribution of these attacks to particular actors and the severity of response gauged by seriousness of the act and culpability of the actor. Our paper assumes that we can accurately ascribe cyber actions to a specific actor through forensic and other means. Additionally, the focus and scope of any cyber attack damage is always determinable. We view these factors as we might view a real attack in retrospect: as if all actors, targets of interest, and the full extent of the damages are known and attributed. Taking these considerations into account, we present a method for classifying the gravity of cyber attacks (based on the act and the actor); in particular, the de facto act of war and appropriate levels of response. Without international cooperation to establish an acceptable policy for responses to suspicious and/or malicious cyber-activity, the world will see more devastating cyber campaigns such as Estonia in 2007, Lithuania and Georgia in 2008, and Kazakhstan in 2009. In this paper, we present a taxonomy using an effects-based approach to examine cyber-activities, specifically, those that would constitute a threat or use of force, such that they would evoke actions from the defender to use force in self-defense. Simply put, what actions would lead to an act of war? We hope this research will encourage policymakers to establish clear guidance to deter, recognize and respond to cyber attacks. C1 [Henry, Wayne; Stange, Jacob; Trias, Eric] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Henry, W (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wayne.henry@afit.edu; jacob.stange@afit.edu; eric.trias@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 148 EP 154 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700019 ER PT J AU Isaly, L Trias, E Peterson, G AF Isaly, Laura Trias, Eric Peterson, Gilbert BE Armistead, EL TI Improving the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Document Model With WordNet SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA); semantic ontology; synset; Information Retrieval (IR) AB In the e-intelligence/counter-intelligence domain, actionable information must be extracted, filtered, and correlated from massive amounts of disparate often free text data. The usefulness of the information depends on how we accomplish these steps and present the most relevant information to the analyst. One method for extracting information from free text is Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a document categorization technique to classify documents into cohesive topics. Although LDA accounts for some implicit relationships such as synonymy (same meaning) it often ignores other semantic relationships such as polysemy (different meanings), hyponym (subordinate), and meronym (part of). To compensate for this deficiency, we incorporate explicit word ontologies, such as WordNet, into the LDA algorithm to account for various semantic relationships. Experiments over well-known document collections, 20 Newsgroups, NIPS, and OHSUMED, demonstrate that incorporating such background knowledge improves perplexity measure over LDA alone. C1 [Isaly, Laura; Trias, Eric; Peterson, Gilbert] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Isaly, L (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lisaly@afit.edu; etrias@afit.edu; gpeterso@afit.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700021 ER PT J AU Kovach, N Mullins, B AF Kovach, Nicholas Mullins, Barry BE Armistead, EL TI Malware Detection via a Graphics Processing Unit SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Malware detection; graphics processing unit AB Malware analysis involves processing large amounts of storage to look for suspicious files. This is time consuming and requires a large amount of processing power, often affecting other applications running on a personal computer. By using hardware included in most personal computers, a performance increase can be seen. The processing of files can be done on a graphics processing unit (GPU), contained in common video cards. A GPU is perfect for this because of its strong similarities to a central processing unit (CPU). Since the GPU has multiple processing units (32-128) it has an advantage over a CPU (1-8 processing units). This allows a single data stream to be processed using different metrics in parallel, while consuming minimal clock cycles from the CPU. A GPU also has its own memory, separated from the CPU, but also has the ability to share part of the CPU's memory. By using the GPU on a personal computer, other applications and the file processing for malware do not experience performance decreases by fighting over CPU usage. Using a GPU for file processing can also be applied to network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and firewall based applications in addition to anti-malware applications. This research in progress investigates the use of GPUs for monitoring/detecting malicious activity. Specifically, we are processing files for malicious activity using different file sizes as well as malicious and non-malicious files which allows the performance and feasibility of using GPUs to be determined. We anticipate faster anti-malware products, faster NIDS response times, faster firewall applications, and a decrease in the time required to analyze files to generate signatures and understand exactly what the file is doing. C1 [Kovach, Nicholas; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kovach, N (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nicholas.Kovach@afit.edu; Barry.Mullins@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700026 ER PT J AU Myers, J Grimaila, M Mills, R AF Myers, Justin Grimaila, Michael Mills, Robert BE Armistead, EL TI Insider Threat Detection Using Distributed Event Correlation of Web Server Logs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Logging infrastructure; event correlation; insider threat detection AB In this paper, we discuss the distributed correlation of events generated by Apache and Microsoft IIS web server applications and stored in log files to detect potentially malicious insider activities. Specifically, we investigate the use of a lightweight event correlation tool called the Simple Event Correlator (SEC) for the purposes of distributed event correlation. SEC is a popular, lightweight, highly configurable, cross platform event correlation tool written in the Perl programming language and licensed under the terms of GNU General Public License. Our research harnesses the ability of SEC to generate synthetic events to facilitate the distribution of event correlation activities among web servers on a network. These synthetic events can be generated in a user-defined format by SEC in response to a series of events in the input log file(s) which matches a pattern as defined in an SEC configuration file. Augmenting raw events with synthetic events provides the capability to reduce uncertainty, improve semantic understanding, and enable higher level reasoning when conducting event correlation in a complex environment. The utility of SEC for detecting potentially malicious activities by trusted insiders is demonstrated in an experimental network of systems running web servers and configured with SEC. Our results show that we can efficiently detect a number of potentially malicious web server scenarios including website spidering and data exfiltration. Further, the results demonstrate that distributed event correlation can provide benefit in enterprise-wide deployments of event correlation when compared to centralized heavy weight, client-server database applications that incur significant overhead in terms of network traffic, storage space and computational effort. The benefit of a distributed event correlation architecture is the result of the distribution of workload associated with event correlation, the reduction in network bandwidth required to transport events back to centralize repository, and the ability to squelch event streams which do not provide addition value in the event correlation process. However, efficient distributed event correlation requires an a priori identification, characterization, and deployment of sequences of events that are deemed as potentially malicious. While initially this activity is resource intensive, it can provide long term benefit as it causes security personnel to identify, document, maintain, and refine a collection of event sequences deemed to place the organizational resources at risk. C1 [Myers, Justin; Grimaila, Michael; Mills, Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Myers, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM justin.myers@afit.edu; michael.grimaila@afit.edu; robert.mills@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700031 ER PT J AU Nagy, K Hale, B Strouble, D AF Nagy, Kristopher Hale, Brian Strouble, Dennis BE Armistead, EL TI Verify Then Trust: A new Perspective on Preventing Social Engineering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Deception; information warfare; security; social engineering AB Social engineering is an age-old deception tactic. Yet today, social engineering techniques continue to prove effective in exploiting human weaknesses to circumvent advancements in security practices and technologies. Given these modern-day social engineering threats and a shift to a "need to share" information culture across the Department of Defense, there is an expressed need for greater social engineering prevention and awareness. To illustrate the adaptive nature and innovative thinking of social engineers, several methods of social engineering techniques, including military deception, dumpster diving, phishing, confidence tricks, and baiting are presented. Furthermore, this paper examines measures to prevent social engineering and asserts a new "verify then trust" information protection attitude is required to combat against social engineering techniques. The paper begins with a brief background on the history of social engineering to illustrate the fact that social cons and ploys have existed for thousands of years. Then, the five most common social engineering methods are discussed through examples. Next, the authors reveal the secret to eliminating nearly all social engineering attempts and suggest prevention programs for employees, managers, and information technology support staff. Finally, a model suggesting a relationship between information sharing and information protection is presented. We are undoubtedly in an age of increased information sharing and the implications of inadequate information protection can be devastating; the model emphasizes the fact that increased information sharing requires increased information protection and verification procedures. C1 [Nagy, Kristopher; Hale, Brian; Strouble, Dennis] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nagy, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kristopher.Nagy@afit.edu; Brian.Hale@afit.edu; Dennis.Strouble@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 259 EP 266 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700032 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, D Fulton, S AF Schweitzer, Dino Fulton, Steve BE Armistead, EL TI A Hybrid Approach to Teaching Information Warfare SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Computer security education AB Many claim that warfare in the future will be conducted primarily in the cyber domain. As such, information warfare is a critical topic for future military members to comprehend. Many schools teach topics in computer security, information assurance, and information warfare through a variety of formats. At the Air Force Academy, we have taught a Computer Security and Information Warfare course for several years to prepare future officers for the realities of modern conflict. In the past, our course has had two primary focuses: fundamental concepts in the theory of computer security delivered primarily through lecture, and a hands-on laboratory component to gain practice in current offensive and defensive tools and techniques. As we have evolved the course, we have added other components to the course such as virtual labs, web labs, competitions, and a research project. In addition to be motivational to the students, this hybrid approach has been successful in engaging students who do not have a strong background in computer science. Web labs have been especially helpful in providing a realistic hands-on experience without going into the tremendous amount of detail and background that surround modern computer and network systems. The competition we have introduced is unique from other university level cyber competitions in its design and format. The research project attempts to expose students to a complete research experience. The combination of these elements serves as an active learning approach to teaching students critical topics in IW. We have also had success employing them outside of the classroom to a broad range of students in a summer program. This paper will describe traditional approaches, our environment, the hybrid approach we use, our experience with it, and future plans. C1 [Schweitzer, Dino; Fulton, Steve] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schweitzer, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dino.schweitzer@usafa.edu; steven.fulton@usafa.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700037 ER PT J AU Thomas, B Mullins, B AF Thomas, Brennon Mullins, Barry BE Armistead, EL TI An FPGA-Based Malicious DNS Packet Detection Tool SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE DNS; FPGA; Virtex; exfiltration; botnet; tunnel AB Billions and billions of packets traverse government and military networks every day. Often, these packets have legitimate destinations such as buying a book at amazon. com or downloading open source code using a File Transfer Protocol program. Unfortunately, the past few years have seen a massive increase in malicious, illegal, and suspicious traffic. One example is abusing the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol to exfiltrate sensitive data, establish backdoor tunnels, or control botnets. To counter this abuse and provide better incident detection, a physical hardware system is under development to detect these suspicious DNS packets. The system is constructed on a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and is based on a system originally developed to detect BitTorrent and Voice over Internet Protocol packets of interest. The first iteration prototype is limited in both processing speed (300 MHz) and by a 100 Mbps Ethernet interface. Despite the hardware shortfalls, preliminary experiments are promising for the system. The system inspects each packet, determines if it is a DNS packet, compares the first four characters of the lowest level domain against a DNS whitelist, and if the domain is not allowed, logs it for further analysis. The first experiment resulted in 100% malicious packet detection under an 88 Mbps network utilization. In the experiment, 50 malicious DNS packets were sent at one second intervals while the network was flooded with NetBIOS traffic. The second experiment resulted in an average of 91% malicious packet detection under an 88.7 Mbps network utilization. In the experiment, 2000 malicious DNS packets were sent as fast as possible while the network was flooded with non-malicious DNS traffic. For both experiments, DNS whitelist sizes of 1K, 10K, and 100K were used. Future work will focus on transferring the system to the Virtex-5 FPGA which contains a 550 MHz processor and a 1 Gbps Ethernet interface. In addition, the DNS whitelist size will be increased until the system fails to detect 50% of packets of interest. The goal is to determine if the system can be scaled to gigabit network speeds while also handling larger DNS whitelist sizes. The system seeks to aid network defenders in identifying and tracking malicious DNS packets traversing government networks while also providing better incident response awareness. C1 [Thomas, Brennon; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brennon.thomas@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700041 ER PT J AU Dube, T Raines, R Peterson, B Bauer, K Rogers, S AF Dube, Thomas Raines, Richard Peterson, Bert Bauer, Kenneth Rogers, Steven BE Armistead, EL TI An Investigation of Malware Type Classification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH HO Air Force Inst Technol DE Malware; classification; machine learning; network defense AB The increasing cybercrime trend places increased pressures on struggling organizations to defend themselves from an influx of custom malware attacks. These customized 'cyber weapons' are undetectable to antivirus signature-based scanners and difficult to detect with heuristic-based scanners. Governments and many organizations simply cannot wait for commercial malware detection solutions, because researchers likely will never receive a targeted malware artifact-it may be the only instance in existence-unless the customer first finds it themselves and submits it for review. Unbeknownst to many antivirus customers, who mistakenly think they are watching the malware game from the safety and security of the sidelines, wily cyber criminals have quietly begun targeting them as the weakest players on the field. While several critical malware problems remain the focus of intense research, this research paper investigates methods of automatically identifying disparities between malware types using machine learning techniques. The results from these experiments can help all interested entities to better identify and classify specific artifacts that they discover possibly even enabling more expedient recovery procedures. Other applications of these methods include automatically classifying malware types for large malware repositories or assisting antivirus researcher agreement on a specific universal malware type standard. Fostering agreement in the antivirus research community on a universal type standard benefits both the research community and antivirus customers, because standards allow for effective and appropriate response and recovery procedures. These standards also allow academic research efforts to effectively leverage the expertise of the antivirus researcher community. Preliminary results on relatively small datasets demonstrate reasonable confidence in classification accuracy for three different malware types based on partial and full agreement between three major antivirus company products. This methodology serves as a quick look classification for identification and prioritization of work for appropriate information technology personnel. Increasing the number of samples, applying a variety of machine learning techniques, and incorporating other software types to this research will increase the significance of these results and help to define the essence of various software classes. C1 [Dube, Thomas; Raines, Richard; Peterson, Bert; Bauer, Kenneth] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dube, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.dube@afit.edu; richard.raines@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; kenneth.bauer@afit.edu; steven.rogers@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-61-0 PY 2010 BP 398 EP 406 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQD28 UT WOS:000280731700048 ER PT B AU Siegel, SG Jeans, T McLaughlin, T AF Siegel, Stefan G. Jeans, Tiger McLaughlin, Thomas GP ASME TI INTERMEDIATE OCEAN WAVE TERMINATION USING A CYCLOIDAL WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore, & Arctic Engn Div AB We investigate a lift based wave energy converter (WEC), namely, a cycloidal turbine, as a wave termination device. A cycloidal turbine employs the same geometry as the well established Cycloidal or Voith-Schneider Propeller The interaction of intermediate water waves with the Cycloidal WEC is presented in this paper The cycloidal WEC consists of a shaft and one or more hydrofoils that are attached eccentrically to the main shaft and can be adjusted in pitch angle as the Cycloidal WEC rotates. The main shaft is aligned parallel to the wave crests and fully submerged at a fixed depth. We show that the geometry of the Cycloidal WEC is suitable for wave termination of straight crested waves. Two-dimensional potential flow simulations are presented where the hydrofoils are modeled as point vortices. The operation of the Cycloidal WEC both as a wave generator as well as a wave energy converter interacting with a linear Airy wave is demonstrated. The influence that the design parameters radius and submergence depth on the performance of the WEC have is shown. For optimal parameter choices, we demonstrate inviscid energy conversion efficiencies of up to 95% of the incoming wave energy to shaft energy. This is achieved by using feedback control to synchronize the rotational rate and phase of the Cycloidal WEC to the incoming wave. While we show complete termination. of the incoming wave, the remainder of the energy is lost to harmonic waves travelling in the upwave and downwave direction. C1 [Siegel, Stefan G.; Jeans, Tiger; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM stefan@siegels.us NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4911-8 PY 2010 BP 293 EP 301 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BUX07 UT WOS:000290556500038 ER PT B AU Torres, Y White, T McClung, A Oates, W AF Torres, Yanira White, Timothy McClung, Amber Oates, William GP ASME TI PHOTORESPONSIVE AZOBENZENE LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER NETWORKS: IN SITU PHOTOGENERATED STRESS MEASUREMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst AB Azobenzene liquid crystal polymers and polymer networks are adaptive materials capable of converting light into mechanical work. Often, the photomechanical output of the azobenzenc liquid crystal network (azo-LCN) is observed as a bending cantilever. The response of these materials can be either static (e.g. a simple bending cantilever) or dynamic (e.g. oscillating cantilever of 20-270 Hz). The resulting photomechanical output is dependent upon the domain orientation of the polymer network and the wavelength and polarization of the actinic light. Polydomain azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks, which have the capability of bending both backwards and forwards with the change of polarization angle, are of particular interest. In the current study, three azo-LCNs are compared - two of them are equivalent in all respects except for one contains pendant azobenzene mesogens (1 azo, azo-monoacrylate) and the other contains crosslinked azobenzene mesogens (2azo, azo-diacrylate). The third specimen has a combination of both mesogens. The mechanical behavior at different temperatures and examination of structure-property relationships in the polymerization process, including curing temperatures and liquid crystal cell alignment rubbing methods, were explored. Using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) the mechanical properties and the photogenerated stress and strain in the polymer are examined. It is found the differences in chemistry do correlate to small variation in the speed of photodirected bending, elastic modulus, and glass transition temperature. Despite these differences, all three azo-LCNs display nearly equivalent photogencrated stresses. C1 [Torres, Yanira; White, Timothy; McClung, Amber] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Torres, Y (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4416-8 PY 2010 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVA74 UT WOS:000290916200007 ER PT B AU Phillips, DM Baur, JW AF Phillips, David M. Baur, Jeffery W. GP ASME TI HEALING OF MICROSPHERE CORES IN SANDWICH COMPOSITES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst AB The primary purposes of a core in a sandwich composite are to keep the face sheets separated by a fixed distance and to transmit shear stresses. Syntactic foam cores consisting of hollow glass microspheres and resin can form strong, lightweight cores. By underfilling the interstitial space in a packed microsphere bed with a binder, a three-phase syntactic foam is created that has a percolated void network. In a sealed sandwich composite, a void network allows for the entire core of the sandwich composite to be evacuated and mechanically compressed by the exterior pressure. By combining this compression with a heating cycle, it is possible to repair core cracking and core/face sheet interface debonding when a reversible binder is used. Upon cooling, the healed sandwich restores its properties. We examine the relation between the mechanical properties of these sandwich composites and the healing methodologies. C1 [Phillips, David M.; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Phillips, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4416-8 PY 2010 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVA74 UT WOS:000290916200017 ER PT B AU Doyle, D Reynolds, W Arritt, B AF Doyle, Derek Reynolds, Whitney Arritt, Brandon GP ASME TI STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AS AN ENABLER FOR RESPONSIVE SATELLITES: AN UPDATE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst AB The Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RVSV) is developing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies in support of the Responsive Space (RS) initiative with plans for future capabilities on orbit to assist in overall awareness. Such technologies will significantly reduce the amount of time and effort required to assess a satellite's structural surety without increasing system level risk associated with changed testing. Furthermore, successful implementation of multifunctional sensor capabilities may lead to savings in size, weight, and power (SWAP) allowing more options for technical performance. Although SHM development efforts abound, RS drives unique requirements on the development of these SHM systems; the biggest difference being that deviation from maintenance requires a technology driver. This paper describes several potential niches for SUM technology development efforts by AFRL, aimed at solving those technical issues unique to responsive space, as well as how an ideal SHM system could be implemented within various other processes including the potential for on-orbit performance. C1 [Doyle, Derek; Reynolds, Whitney; Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Doyle, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4416-8 PY 2010 BP 633 EP 640 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVA74 UT WOS:000290916200076 ER PT B AU Reynolds, W Doyle, D Brown, J Arritt, B AF Reynolds, Whitney Doyle, Derek Brown, Jacob Arritt, Brandon GP ASME TI WAVE PROPAGATION IN RIB-STIFFINED STRUCTURES: MODELING AND EXPERIMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst AB This work focuses on the analysis of wave propagation in rib-stiffened structures as it is related to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods. Current satellite validation tests involve numerous procedures to qualify the satellite for the vibrations expected during launch, and for exposure to the space environment. SHM methods are being considered in an effort to truncate the number and duration of tests required for satellite checkout. The most promising of these SHM methods uses an active wave-based method in which an actuator propagates a Lamb wave through the structure, which is then received by a sensor. The received waves are evaluated over time to detect structural changes. Thus far, this method has proven effective in locating structural defects in a complex satellite panel; however, the attributes associated with the first wave arrival change significantly as the wave travels through ribs and joining features. Complex isogrid reinforcements within the satellite panel significantly affect any conclusions that can be made about the arriving waves. For this purpose, an experimental and numerical study of wave propagation within rib-reinforced plates has been undertaken. Wave propagation was modeled using finite element software. These results were analyzed for an understanding of dispersion within the structure, particularly how the group velocity and mode conversion are affected by the rib interaction. Experiments were carried out to validate the model and gain further insight into the wave propagation phenomena in the structure. The analysis indicates that mode conversion plays a significant role in the first wave arrival, although this can be accounted for through proper frequency selection, and signal analysis. A range of excitation frequencies which are most appropriate for the structure are presented. C1 [Reynolds, Whitney; Doyle, Derek; Brown, Jacob; Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Reynolds, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4416-8 PY 2010 BP 667 EP 673 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVA74 UT WOS:000290916200080 ER PT B AU Leishman, RC Chase, KW AF Leishman, Robert C. Chase, Kenneth W. GP ASME TI VARIATION ANALYSIS OF POSITION, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MECHANISMS BY THE DIRECT LINEARIZATION METHOD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 5, PTS A AND B: 35TH DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div ID UNCERTAINTY; CLEARANCES; PLANAR; ERROR AB Velocity and acceleration analysis is an important tool for predicting the motion of mechanisms. The results, however, may be inaccurate when applied to manufactured products, due to the process variations which occur in production. Small changes in dimensions can accumulate and propagate in an assembly, which may cause significant variation in critical kinematic performance parameters. A new statistical analysis tool is presented for predicting the effects of variation on mechanism kinematic performance. It is based on the Direct Linearization Method developed for static assemblies. The solution is closed form, and may be applied to 2-D, open or closed, multi-loop mechanisms, employing common kinematic joints. It is also shown how form, orientation, and position variations may be included in the analysis to analyze variations that occur in kinematic joints. Closed form solutions eliminate the need of generating a large set of random assemblies, and analyzing them one-by one, to determine the expected range of critical variables. Only two assemblies are analyzed to characterize the entire population. The first determines the performance of the mean, or average assembly, and the second estimates the range of variation about the mean. The system is computationally efficient and well suited for design iteration. C1 [Leishman, Robert C.] USAF 506th CBSS GBLB, Hill Afb, UT 84056 USA. RP Leishman, RC (reprint author), USAF 506th CBSS GBLB, Hill Afb, UT 84056 USA. EM rleish@gmail.com; chasek@byu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4902-6 PY 2010 BP 1067 EP 1079 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUU96 UT WOS:000290417800096 ER PT B AU Kleiser, G Steinberg, M Chhabildas, L AF Kleiser, Geremy Steinberg, Michael Chhabildas, Lalit BE Giannopapa, C TI Feasibility of an Explosive End-Projector for Conducting Shock Loading Experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper focuses on examining the feasibility of using an explosive end-projector device to conduct shock loading experiments. The concept employs an explosive end-projector to accelerate a bonded bimetallic impactor toward a stationary target material in order to conduct complex shock loading experiments. A high-impedance material, tantalum, was specifically selected to generate high stresses in targets The driver plate materials were varied to create an impedance spectrum from 2 to 4 which would encompass materials from aluminum to zirconium. Techniques for launching single density metal plates exist. [1] The objective of this paper is to further refine an existing explosive technique to launch bimetallic plates which would generate complex shock/reshock or shock/release waves when used as a impactor. Although a bimetallic Impactor will generate complex wave loading within a target material upon Impact, it must first survive intact the explosive shock acceleration stress history imposed during launch in order to obtain the terminal velocity for use as an impactor. Initial computational studies using the Lagrangian finite element code EPIC were promising. [2] Based on the concern of the plate spallation during launch [2], an air gap between explosive and the backside of the bimetallic plate was modeled to reduce the magnitude of the initial shock resulting from direct explosive-metal interaction and to further gain insight Into its effects on pressure, terminal velocity, and planarity of the plate Initially, a single, homogenous plate of aluminum was modeled to examine the effects of the air gap without the complication of bimetallic wave reverberation. The air gap did reduce the intensity of pressure by 30% with only a 4% loss in terminal velocity. Planarity was exacerbated by the air gap leading to increased warping With the introduction of bimetallic plates and the corresponding wave reverberation pressure reductions ranged between 20% to 30% with corresponding losses in terminal velocity of between 5% to 7%. Planarity was improved for the configurations in which the high density material, tantalum, was on the free surface or impacting side of the impactor but warping increased when the order was reversed This results from the low-impedance material serving as a buffer to allow quasi-isentropic and monotonic increase in loading of the tantalum plate However, when the high density material was placed on the back side of the impactor, the loading history was reversed and the low density material was subjected to high pressures. Overall, the technique appears to be a feasible alternative for conducting shock loading experiments. The air gap reduces pressure with only a minimal loss in terminal velocity, and the air gap in conjunction with plate geometry changes appears to mitigate spall. The air gap does not improve planarity with the explosive end-projector design used in this investigation but optimized designs would improve the flexibility of the technique. C1 [Kleiser, Geremy; Chhabildas, Lalit] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Kleiser, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4367-3 PY 2010 BP 687 EP 695 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRE05 UT WOS:000282464600080 ER PT B AU Lambert, DE Weiderhold, J Osborn, J Hopson, MV AF Lambert, David E. Weiderhold, Joseph Osborn, John Hopson, Michael V. GP ASME TI DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION EXPERIMENTS UNDER PLANE STRAIN AND UNIAXIAL STRESS CONDITIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID FRACTURE AB The explosively loaded cylinder is further studied as an experimental method to improve dynamic fracture and fragmentation modeling. Details of the cylinder configuration are investigated to prescribe controlled loading conditions of uniaxial stress and plane strain. Commonly used fracture models, e.g. Johnson-Cook, are calibrated with strain at fracture under such controlled conditions. Earlier works by Goto, et al [1] had used thin-walled tubes to provide plane strain loading and shorter "rings" to establish uniaxial stress conditions. This paper extends on that work to look at alternative cylinder dimensions and metals of interest. A tungsten alloy, Aero 224, and a high strength steel, Eglin Steel (ES-1), are the subject metals. Dynamic, continuum-mechanics based modeling and simulations evaluated whether the stress triaxiality conditions are being met as design parameters of cylinder wall-thickness, explosive type, and initiation configuration. Experiments conducted for this effort, reported in greater detail by Weiderhold [2], provided precise measurement of the cylinder expansion process and fragmentation distributions. An explosively driven metal event is usually considered highly transient and multi-dimensional in stress; however, selective design of the system can result in a controlled experimental configuration. The analysis shows that the ductile ES-1 steel cylinder and rings do establish the desired plane strain and uniaxial stress conditions, respectively, as the cylinder expands to failure. Ultra-high speed photography experiments verify the time of fracture and correlate casewall expansion and velocity measurements. The analysis of the tungsten alloy had verified that if the material was capable of achieving at least a 25% strain to failure then the cylinder and rings would be viable controlled loading paths. However, fragments recovered from the explosively driven rings verified that the strain to failure was less than 14% and the triaxiality condition of uniaxial stress was not achieved by then. The data of this fragmentation under controlled loading conditions are to be used to determine coefficients for fracture-models and serve as benchmarks of relevant, dynamic fragmentation processes for future explosive/metal design opportunities. C1 [Lambert, David E.; Weiderhold, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Lambert, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4923-1 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 217 EP 224 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE96 UT WOS:000291334900029 ER PT B AU Maines, WR Chhabildas, L Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF AF Maines, Warren R. Chhabildas, Lalit Reinhart, William D. Thornhill, Tom F., III GP ASME TI High Velocity Uniaxial Strain Response of ERG Aerospace Aluminum Foam SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB We report the results of uniaxial strain experiments of ERG Aerospace aluminum foam, at 50% relative density up to 10 GPa. The reverse ballistic plate reverberation technique was used to obtain shock compression states of the material. In these tests, 6061 T-6 aluminum, oxygen free homogenous copper (OFHC), and tantalum were used as standard material targets and were shocked by an aluminum foam projectile traversing up to 2.0 km/s. The response of the target plates were monitored by three different velocity interferometers positioned at three different locations on the witness plate. This provided us with the compaction behavior of the foam material in three discrete locations per sample, due to the presence of porosity in the foam material. C1 [Maines, Warren R.; Chhabildas, Lalit] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Maines, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. OI Maines, Warren/0000-0002-6708-0151 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4923-1 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE96 UT WOS:000291334900030 ER PT B AU Weiderhold, J Lambert, DE Hopson, M AF Weiderhold, Joseph Lambert, David E. Hopson, Michael GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND DATA COLLECTION FOR DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION EXPERIMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Experiments have been conducted to investigate the fracture and fragmentation characteristics of a liquid phased sintered (LPS) tungsten and high strength steel alloys. Metal cylinders, each of which was 20.32 cm tall and 5.08 cm inner/5.88 cm outer diameter, were explosively driven to failure. Two complimentary types of experiments were conducted in this series to determine input parameters for a related continuum mechanics based modeling effort. Open air experiments utilized ultra-high speed framing photography and a photonic Doppler velocimetry system (PDV). The information from these experiments provided a case wall velocity, relative time of breakup and strain-rate during the stress loading timeframe. Complimentary experiments were conducted in a water tank to perform a soft recovery of the fragments. The fragments were subsequently cleaned, massed, and characterized according to their mass and failure strain distributions. Various methods of analyzing the data (Mott & Weibull distributions) are discussed along with the calibration of the continuum damage model parameters. Results of the failure strain analysis, fragment distribution, and damage model are then supplied for use in subsequent modeling and application designs. Further details of the modeling and simulation approach are outlined in a complimentary set of two papers presented by Lambert [1] and Hopson [2]. C1 [Weiderhold, Joseph; Lambert, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Weiderhold, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4923-1 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 247 EP 255 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE96 UT WOS:000291334900033 ER PT B AU Sanders, DD Nessler, CA Sondergaard, R Polanka, MD Marks, C Wolff, M O'Brien, WF AF Sanders, Darius D. Nessler, Chase A. Sondergaard, Rolf Polanka, Marc D. Marks, Christopher Wolff, Mitch O'Brien, Walter F. GP ASME TI A CFD AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF UNSTEADY WAKE EFFECTS ON A HIGHLY LOADED LOW PRESSURE TURBINE BLADE AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; HIGH-LIFT; INDUCED TRANSITION; LOCAL VARIABLES; PART II; MODEL; SEPARATION; SURFACE; PROFILES; CASCADE AB The flowfield of the L1A low pressure (LP) turbine blade subjected to traversing upstream wakes was experimentally and computationally investigated at an inlet Reynolds number of 25,000. The L1A profile is a high-lift aft-loaded low pressure turbine blade design. The profile was designed to separate at low Reynolds numbers making it an ideal airfoil for use in flow separation control studies. This study applied a new two-dimensional CFD model to the L1A LP turbine blade design using a three-equation eddy-viscosity type transitional flow model developed by Walters and Leylek. Velocity field measurements were obtained by two-dimensional planer particle image velocimetry, and comparisons were made to the CFD predictions using the Walters and Leylek [13] k-k(L)-omega transitional flow model and the Menter's [24] k-omega(SST) model. Hotwire measurements and pressure coefficient distributions were also used to compare each model's ability to predict the wake produced from the wake generator, and the loading on the L 1 A LP turbine blade profile with unsteady wakes. These comparisons were used to determine which RANS CFD model could better predict the unsteady L1A blade flowfield at low inlet Reynolds number. This research also provided further characterization of the Walters and Leylek transitional flow model for low Reynolds number aerodynamic flow prediction in low pressure turbine blades. C1 [Sanders, Darius D.; Nessler, Chase A.; Sondergaard, Rolf; Polanka, Marc D.; Marks, Christopher; Wolff, Mitch] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanders, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 2511 EP 2523 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010301040 ER PT B AU Davis, MW Kidman, DS AF Davis, Milt W., Jr. Kidman, David S. GP ASME TI PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS OF INLET PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE DISTORTION ON ENGINE OPERABILITY FROM A RECENT T-38 FLIGHT TEST PROGRAM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Since the initial development of the T-38 Talon trainer, there have been upgrades to both the aircraft and to the J85-GE-5 afterburning turbojet engine to improve takeoff performance, reduce maintenance time and cost, and to decrease fuel consumption. The latest upgrades, referred to as the Propulsion Modernization Program (PMP), focused on improved performance of the T-38's inlets, twin J85-GE-5 afterburning turbojet engines, and improved exhaust nozzle design. The T-38's inlet includes bleed holes upstream of the engine face to provide cooling air flow from the inlet to the engine bay. However, at various locations in the flight envelope, the bay air is pressurized relative to the inlet resulting in reverse flow of hot engine bay air into the inlet. This reverse flow along with inlet heat transfer effects can cause total temperature distortion and reduce engine stability margin. During any flight maneuvers, there will be an associated level of total pressure distortion. When pressure distortion is combined with the temperature distortion due to engine bay flow reversal and inlet heat transfer, losses in stability pressure ratio (or stability margin) may further be increased. This analysis effort reported herein uses a modeling and simulation technique known as the parallel compressor theory (model) to investigate the effects of total pressure and temperature inlet distortion on system operability and makes predictions of the loss in stability pressure ratio associated with those combined pressure and temperature distortions during flight maneuvers. C1 [Davis, Milt W., Jr.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000001 ER PT B AU McKinley, R McKinley, R Gee, K Pilan, T Mobley, F Gilespie, M Downing, M AF McKinley, Richard McKinley, Robert Gee, Kent Pilan, Tony Mobley, Frank Gilespie, Mitchell Downing, Micah GP ASME TI MEASUREMENT OF NEAR-FIELD AND FAR-FIELD NOISE FROM FULL SCALE HIGH PERFORMANCE JET ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Accurate measurement of the noise fields emitted by a full scale high performance jet engine and jet plume (with supersonic jet flow) requires detailed planning and careful execution. The apparent acoustic source can be very large, more than 50 feet long and 20 feet high and wide. The jet plume contains many noise generating sources, the main two being shock (broad band and shock cells) and turbulent mixing. This paper is an initial description of a detailed method to accurately measure and describe the near-field noise while simultaneously measuring the far-field noise. For a large high performance jet engine, the acoustic far-field may not be formed until more than 1000 ft away from the plume. The paper also describes proposed methods to measure the non-linear propagation of the noise from the near-field to the far-field. The proposed methodology described with vetting will be considered as an US military standard (MILSTD) with possible later consideration as American standard measurement technique to describe noise fields for personnel noise exposure and for measuring the performance of jet engine noise reduction technologies. C1 [McKinley, Richard; McKinley, Robert; Mobley, Frank; Gilespie, Mitchell] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP McKinley, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000014 ER PT B AU Hale, A Hughes, A Sirbaugh, J Kidman, DS AF Hale, Alan Hughes, Andrew Sirbaugh, Jim Kidman, David S. GP ASME TI AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF HIGHLY TRANSIENT FLIGHT MANEUVERS WITH HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ON THE T-38 AIR FORCE TRAINER INLET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The T-38 Talon currently serves as the primary United States Air Force (USAF) trainer for fighter aircraft. This supersonic trainer was developed in the 1960s but continues to be used today as the result of various modernization programs throughout its service life. The latest Propulsion Modernization Program (PMP) focused on improved takeoff performance of the T-38's inlets, improved reliability of the twin J85 afterburning turbojet engines, and reduced drag with an improved exhaust nozzle design. The T-38's inlet includes bleed holes upstream of the engine face to provide cooling airflow from the inlet to the engine bay. However, at various flight conditions, the bay air is pressurized relative to the inlet resulting in reverse flow of hot engine bay air into the inlet. This reverse flow causes total temperature distortion that may reduce the engine stability margin. Partial inlet instrumentation of the left engine was used to estimate the total temperature distortion associated with reverse flow; however, flight testing of highly transient maneuvers revealed levels of total temperature distortion greater than that predicted for reverse flow alone. This discovery led to the hypothesis that thermal energy storage of the aluminum inlet during transient flight maneuvers resulted in increased temperature distortion at the engine face. Flight data analysis demonstrated the need for a near-real-time thermal inlet distortion analysis capability. A two-dimensional (2D) transient axisymmetric heat and mass transfer model was developed through the use of a lumped-parameter boundary-layer model to simulate the inlet flow and determine the time-dependent inlet duct heat transfer. This model was validated with transient 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and two flight maneuvers. The analysis of flight maneuvers revealed that in the absence of engine bay air re-ingestion the time lag associated with the heating and cooling of the inlet walls generates radial temperature distortion which has the effect of reducing engine stability margin up to 5.44% for the maneuvers analyzed. C1 [Hale, Alan; Sirbaugh, Jim] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Hale, A (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 275 EP 285 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000025 ER PT B AU LeBay, KD Drenth, AC Thomas, LM Polanka, MD Branam, RD Schmidt, JB AF LeBay, Kenneth D. Drenth, Aaron C. Thomas, Levi M. Polanka, Marc D. Branam, Richard D. Schmidt, Jacob B. GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZING THE EFFECTS OF G-LOADING IN AN ULTRA COMPACT COMBUSTOR VIA SECTIONAL MODELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) has shown viable merit for significantly improving gas turbine combustor performance. This concept combines a trapped-vortex approach with a circumferential cavity utilizing buoyancy and high g-loading to improve efficiency and reduce combustor size. Models for small engines can provide g-loading up to 4,000 g's. However as the scale of the combustor increases, the g-loading will necessarily decrease. Thus, the importance of understanding the effect of g-loading is pivotal to the applicability of this design to larger engine diameters. The Air Force Institute of Technology's Combustion Optimization and Analysis Laser (COAL) laboratory studied this effect with sectional models of the UCC. By using both straight and curved sections of the radial cavity, the g-loading can be varied from 0-15,000 g's. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used for velocity fields and turbulence statistics. Two-line Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) of the hydroxyl (OH) radical was used for 2-D temperature profiles. Single-line PLIF was also used for flame location where OH concentrations were too low for temperature determination. Several cases were studied with varying both the equivalence ratio and the main/cavity mass flow ratio. Through the synthesis of velocity fields, temperature and flame location PLIF data, the effect of g-loading was accurately characterized. The immense radial acceleration acts to significantly increase the turbulent intensity present in the combusting regions. This increased turbulent intensity resulted in increased mixing and subsequently a significantly increased flame speed causing a reduced chemistry time. Because the chemistry time was reduced, there was less OH present in the main flow for the high g-load cases due to the combustion process being significantly further progressed when the cavity flow mixes with the main flow C1 [LeBay, Kenneth D.; Drenth, Aaron C.; Thomas, Levi M.; Polanka, Marc D.; Branam, Richard D.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP LeBay, KD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. OI Schmidt, Jacob/0000-0002-9855-6319 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 593 EP 602 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200057 ER PT B AU Carroll, DR King, PI Rutledge, JL AF Carroll, Daniel R. King, Paul I. Rutledge, James L. GP ASME TI FLOW VISUALIZATION STUDY OF PASSIVE FLOW CONTROL FEATURES ON A FILM-COOLED TURBINE BLADE LEADING EDGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A water channel study was conducted on a cylindrical leading edge model of a film-cooled turbine blade to assess the effects of surface modifications on film spreading. A single radial coolant hole located 21.5 degrees from the stagnation line, angled 200 to the surface and 90 degrees to the flow direction supplied dyed coolant flow. Surface modifications included a variety of dimples upstream and downstream of the coolant hole and transverse trenches milled coincident with the coolant hole. Compared to the unmodified surface, a single row of small cylindrical or spherical dimples upstream of the coolant hole steadies the jet at blowing ratios up to M = 0.75. Medium and large spherical dimples downstream of the coolant hole have a similar effect, but none of the dimple geometries studied affect the coolant jet above M = 0.75. A single-depth, square-edged transverse trench spreads the coolant spanwise, increasing the coverage of a single coolant hole more than two times. This trench suffers from coolant blow-out above M = 0.50, but a deeper, tapered-depth trench entrains and spreads the coolant very effectively at blowing ratios above M = 0.50. The tapered trench prevents jet liftoff and is the only geometry studied that holds the coolant closer to the surface than the unmodified coolant hole. C1 [Carroll, Daniel R.; King, Paul I.; Rutledge, James L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Carroll, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4399-4 PY 2010 BP 1739 EP 1750 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BUY36 UT WOS:000290693500152 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C Wertz, J Shen, MHH AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles Wertz, John Shen, M. -H. Herman GP ASME TI Validation of a Multi-Axial Fatigue Life Prediction using Maximum Shear Experimental Results SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A multi-axial prediction method is used to calculate the fatigue life of components under pure torsion loading. The general life prediction method was developed based on the understanding that the total accumulated strain energy density in a fatigue and monotonic processes is the same. Due to this understanding, the fatigue life prediction method has been used to calculate fatigue cycles of components experiencing either uniaxial, transverse shear, or multi-axial loads. This manuscript extends the capability of the multi-axial prediction method by calculating the fatigue life of components under pure torsion loads. This calculation is possible because the maximum applied shear stress from a pure torsion load can be observed as two normal principal stresses. Based on some unusual results from experimental torsion fatigue, it was assumed that a linear misalignment was present in the experimental setup. With the inclusion of this correction, a comparison between experimental torsion fatigue results and the energy-based prediction method further affirms the capability to determine fatigue life cycles in a multi-axial loading state. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onomese@hotmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4401-4 PY 2010 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVB00 UT WOS:000290927800054 ER PT S AU Jackson, JA AF Jackson, Julie Ann GP IEEE TI Automated Image Segmentation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Feature Extraction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE image segmentation; watershed transform; synthetic aperture radar AB Automated segmentation routines may be used to extract scattering features in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The watershed transform segments real-valued images into regions associated with a local minima. Watershed algorithms suffer from over-segmentation which, for SAR image segmentation, results in many more regions than scatterers. We consider an algorithm called Peak Region Segmentation (PRS). PRS is an inverted version of the watershed transform that seeks to group pixel regions associated with a local maxima. We implement the algorithm to segment one, two, and three-dimensional images. We extend PRS to include region merging to avoid over-segmentation. Threshold settings allow the user to strike a balance between region merging and separation of closely-spaced scatterers. Image segmentation examples are shown for 1D, 2D, and 3D SAR images. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712922 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100008 ER PT S AU del Arroyo, JRG Jackson, J Temple, M AF del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez Jackson, Julie Temple, Michael GP IEEE TI WiMAX Ambiguity Function for PCL Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE AB Passive coherent location (PCL) radar systems use signals of opportunity as the off-board source of electromagnetic illumination. The analysis of the structure, spectral, and spatial properties of emerging commercial waveforms becomes a critical component of future PCL radar systems design. This paper presents an ambiguity function analysis of the emerging IEEE 802.16 OFDM signal known as "WiMAX" for passive radar applications. The simulated WiMAX wave structure shows desirable range and Doppler resolution properties for passive radar applications. C1 [del Arroyo, Jose R. Gutierrez; Jackson, Julie; Temple, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP del Arroyo, JRG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jose.gutierrez@afit.edu; julie.jackson@afit.edu; michael.temple@afit.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100010 ER PT S AU Hu, Z Guo, N Qiu, R Bonior, J Liou, L Lin, D Longbrake, M Buxa, P Dalrymple, T Hary, S Tsui, J AF Hu, Zhen Guo, Nan Qiu, Robert Bonior, Jason Liou, Lihyeh Lin, David Longbrake, Matthew Buxa, Peter Dalrymple, Thomas Hary, Stephen Tsui, James GP IEEE TI Robust Wideband Beamforming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE wideband beamforming; robust optimization; SDP; steering vector; filter bank AB Robust wideband beamforming with a real-time array testbed will be studied in this paper. For the practical consideration of uncertainty, channel impulse responses or channel transform functions of RF chains can not be obtained exactly due to the limitation of sounding and calibration procedure. Thus robust optimization will be applied to wideband beamforming. It is assumed that the uncertainty will be bounded and the worst case performance can be guaranteed by robust optimization. Finally, the optimal coefficients for a 2-dimensional filter bank to perform wideband beamforming will obtained. C1 [Hu, Zhen; Guo, Nan; Qiu, Robert; Bonior, Jason] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Liou, Lihyeh; Lin, David; Longbrake, Matthew; Buxa, Peter; Dalrymple, Thomas; Hary, Stephen; Tsui, James] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hu, Z (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901420, ECCS-0821658, ECCS-0622125]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0529] FX Major part of this work is conducted by the team during Robert C. Qius visit at AFRL, funded by Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. This work is, in part, funded by National Science Foundation through grants (ECCS-0901420), (ECCS-0821658), and (ECCS-0622125), and Office of Naval Research through a contract (N00014-07-1-0529). The authors want to thank Santanu K. Das (ONR), Brian Sadler (ARL), Robert Ulman (ARO), and Michael Wicks (AFRL) for their useful discussions. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712925 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100011 ER PT S AU Akers, GA Corbin, CF AF Akers, Geoffrey A. Corbin, Clair F. GP IEEE TI The Effect of the Number of Modes and Feed Locations in Angle-of-Arrival Estimation Using a Multimode Antenna SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE ID BAND HF COMMUNICATIONS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Given a multimode antenna and a discrete number of modes, the number of modes used and the farfield patterns of the modes impact the angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation error. This paper presents an analysis of AOA estimation for a multimode structural radiator for a varying number of modes, where each mode is excited through a different feed location on notional two-dimensional crossed plates. Empirical results for AOA estimation errors versus the number of modes and the location of the feeds for each mode are presented using the maximum likelihood method estimator. C1 [Akers, Geoffrey A.; Corbin, Clair F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Akers, GA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Geoffrey.Akers@afit.edu; Clair.Corbin@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712926 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100012 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK AF Mitra, Atindra K. GP IEEE TI Ground-UAV Platform Geometries for Radar Imaging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Radar Imaging; Agile UAV Sensor Trajectories; Space Imaging; GPS Receiver Technology AB This paper provides a summary of comparative analysis pertaining to a systems trade study with platform geometries that encompass either one, two, or three distributed RF sensing platforms. The discussion is focused on analysis of a basic set of UAV trajectory parameters associated with performing sky-looking radar imaging. The baseline one-platform case corresponds to one ground-based radar transmitter/receiver. The two-platform case involves one ground-based radar transmitter/receiver and one UAV with a passive receiver and the three-platform case involves one ground-based radar transmitter and two UAV's each equipped with a passive receiver. This notional analysis is conducted with a narrow-bandwidth waveform within the L-Band region of the radar spectrum and notional parameters of the moon are adopted for the object-of-interest for radar imaging. Results indicate that the trajectories of the UAV's can be pre-selected to improve comparative radar imaging performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712928 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100014 ER PT S AU Johnson, A Rupp, C Wolf, B Hong, L Mitra, A AF Johnson, April Rupp, Cara Wolf, Brad Hong, Lang Mitra, Atindra GP IEEE TI Collision-Avoidance Radar for Bicyclist and Runners SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Radar; Joint Radar EO Processing; Wireless Display Technologies; Integrated K-Band Radar Modules AB This paper provides a summary of the analysis and design process with respect to the development and prototyping of a Bicycle Radar for a Senior Capstone Project at Wright State University in collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate. The basic radar technology adopted for this project is a commercial integrated (miniaturized) K-band FMCW Monopulse Module that is recently designed for future Intelligent Automotive Cruise Control Applications. The design documentation, preliminary test outputs, and discussions within the sections of this paper describe a number of novel features of this Bicycle Radar Design including the methodology for overlaying the K-band range-angle data onto streaming video on the iPhone. Additional discussions pertain to radar waveform generation, control, and processing. A section on potential follow-on activities as well as a discussion on technology options and applications of the resulting system concept is also provided. C1 [Johnson, April; Rupp, Cara; Wolf, Brad; Hong, Lang] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Mitra, Atindra] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Lab Sensors Directorate, FX The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Brian Kent, the Chief Scientist for the Air Force Research Lab Sensors Directorate, for providing sponsorship and support for this Senior Capstone Project. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712929 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100015 ER PT S AU Patrick, J Clouse, HS Mendoza-Schrock, O Arnold, G AF Patrick, James Clouse, Hamilton Scott Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Arnold, Gregory GP IEEE TI A Limited Comparative Study of Dimension Reduction Techniques on CAESAR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE ID DIFFUSION MAPS AB Understanding and organizing data is the first step toward exploiting sensor phenomenology. What features are good for distinguishing people and what measurements, or combination of measurements, can be used to classify people by demographic characteristics including gender? Dimension reduction techniques such as Diffusion Maps that intuitively make sense [1] and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have demonstrated the potential to aid in extracting such features. This paper briefly describes the Diffusion Map technique and PCA. More importantly, it compares two different classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Adaptive boost (Adaboost), for gender classification using these two dimension reduction techniques. The results are compared on the Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource Project (CAESAR) database, provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Human Effectiveness Directorate and SAE International. We also compare the results described herein with those of other classification work performed on the same dataset, for completeness. C1 [Patrick, James; Mendoza-Schrock, Olga] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clouse, Hamilton Scott] North Carolina State Univ, VISSTA Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arnold, Gregory] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patrick, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712939 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100025 ER PT S AU Yang, C Blasch, E Patrick, J Qiu, D AF Yang, Chun Blasch, Erik Patrick, Jim Qiu, Di GP IEEE TI Ground Target Track Bias Estimation Using Opportunistic Road Information SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Target tracking; Track fusion; Track bias; Road map; Bias removal AB Track-to-track fusion is widely used by large-scale distributed surveillance systems to integrate multisensor tracking data. A critical step prior to track-to-track fusion is track-to-track assignment. However, when ground targets are tracked by airborne sensors, the target tracks contain not only tracking sensor errors but also navigation errors of the sensor platforms. If the errors are not compensated for properly, biased tracks create false assignments and lead to erroneously fused tracks. In this paper, track biases produced by individual trackers are characterized in terms of translation and rotation (and to a lesser extent by scaling) with respect to the common reference frame in which the track-to-track fusion will take place. Opportunistic information about the roads on which ground targets are moving is explored to estimate the track biases, akin to a system calibration, which can be used not only to remove biases from past and present tracks but also to provide corrections for future estimates. The proposed bias estimate method is based on binary image matching to estimate rotation and translation. A two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT) is used to implement 2D search and correlation efficiently. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed opportunistic road information based bias estimation (ORIBE) method and its performance as a function of target track accuracy and spatial resolution in forming track and road map images. C1 [Yang, Chun; Qiu, Di] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Patrick, Jim] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunyang@sigtem.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; james.patrick@wpafb.af.mil; diqiu@sigtem.com FU [FA8650-08-C-1407] FX Research supported in part under Contract No. FA8650-08-C-1407, which is greatly appreciated. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712940 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100026 ER PT S AU Ordonez, R Gates, M Moma, K Mitra, A Selmic, R Detweiler, P Cox, C Parker, G Goff, Z AF Ordonez, Raul Gates, Miguel Moma, Kasongo Mitra, Atindra Selmic, Rastko Detweiler, Phil Cox, Craig Parker, Greg Goff, Zach GP IEEE TI RF Emitter Localization with Position-Adaptive MAV Platforms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Position-Adaptive Direction Finding (PADF); RF Emitter Localization; Micro Air Vehicles; Wireless Sensor Node Networks AB This paper provides a discussion and a summary of the latest results on a novel sensor-node based approach to emitter localization denoted as Position Adaptive Direction Finding (PADF). PADF is based on the formulation and investigation of iterative path-loss based (i.e. path loss exponent) metrics estimates that are measured across multiple platforms in order to robotically/intelligently positionally adapt (i.e. self-adjust) the location of each platform. We demonstrate that this approach shows potential for accurate emitter localization in challenging embedded multipath environments (i.e. urban environments). C1 [Ordonez, Raul; Detweiler, Phil] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gates, Miguel; Selmic, Rastko] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Moma, Kasongo] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Mitra, Atindra; Cox, Craig; Parker, Greg; Goff, Zach] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ordonez, R (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712941 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100027 ER PT S AU Patel, H AF Patel, Hiren GP IEEE TI GPU Accelerated Real Time Polarimetric Image Processing through the use of CUDA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE CUDA; GPU; polarimetry; micro-grid; image processing AB Recent advancements in semi-conductor fabrication has led to a dramatic increase in the size of data sets of advanced imaging sensors. While increased pixel counts leads to greater area coverage and higher resolution, it also results in higher image processing time. If real-time image processing is required, power and size requirements go up as large data processing computers are required to keep pace with the data. In this paper, we propose using desktop Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to shrink the Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) pyramid. We have developed a novel approach to computing polarimetric data using GPUs. The GPU is inherently designed to perform parallel floating point operations quickly. Image processing is very well suited to the GPU architecture, where every pixel can be represented as a thread and all threads executed concurrently on the GPU. The processing of polarized imagery requires calculating the Stokes parameters and Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP) of each pixel in the Focal Plane Array (FPA) of a sensor. In addition, dead pixel replacement is also desired in order to achieve better image contrast and create a higher quality image. Processing this data for large FPAs in Matlab takes as much as 30 seconds per frame, even after optimizing through vectorization. The Matlab code to process the polarized imagery was re-coded in NVidia's C API named CUDA and functions were run on an NVidia 9400 GS GPU with 64 cores. Massive speedup was attained, reducing the time to process a frame from 30 seconds in Matlab to 50 ms in CUDA, a speedup of 600x. In this paper we show that through use of the GPU we are able to accomplish real-time image processing using advanced algorithms, while at the same time reducing system SWaP requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hiren.patel@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712943 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100029 ER PT S AU Xu, D Tongret, R Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Xu, Da Tongret, Ryan Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Wavelet-Modulated Pulse for Compressive Sensing in SAR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE AB A new wavelet modulated pulse is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Conventionally SAR image is constructed using chirp, i.e., FM in the range direction, and the Doppler effect in the azimuth direction. The proposed scheme is to physically modulate the amplitude of the radar pulse (AM) using wavelets. Such a radar pulse results in the shift of the wavelets in the temporal domain due to the range, while the Doppler effect causes variation of the scaling coefficient. In both directions, pulse compression can be achieved by taking advantage of the autocorrelation function of the compactly supported orthogonal wavelets and processing the echo signal in the two directions accordingly. Furthermore, by using wavelet modulated pulses, the echo signal is equivalent to the wavelet transform (WT) to the target area. Since WT has been proved more effective in image compression than conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT), wavelet-modulated pulse is equivalent to compression to the SAR image thus to achieve compressive sensing. Experiments have been performed using the latest embedded software defined radio (SDR) technology. Equipped with the most recent FPGA and digital signal processors along with high speed analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, the SDR allows signal processing tasks commonly done by analog circuits to be performed digitally with high flexibility in algorithm design. Based on the developmental need of the user, the small form factor software defined radio (SFF SDR) can serve as a simple data collection device for waveform testing or it can be programmed into a real-time embedded radar system. C1 [Xu, Da; Tongret, Ryan; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU US Air Force Research Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712945 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100031 ER PT S AU Balster, EJ Lucking, DL AF Balster, Eric J. Lucking, David L. GP IEEE TI BYPASS and PARALLEL Modes for JPEG2000 Compression of Natural Imagery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE JPEG2000; BYPASS mode; PARALLEL mode AB In this paper, the BYPASS and PARALLEL modes of JPEG2000 are investigated and implemented in a software compression system for verification and validation. BYPASS and PARALLEL modes in JPEG2000 are options in the standard to facilitate fast compression and parallel computation for embedded applications. Our results show minimal performance degradation in both BYPASS and PARALLEL modes, where BYPASS mode degrades PSNR performance by 0.1 dB, PARALLEL mode degrades performance by 0.15 dB, and utilizing both BYPASS and PARALLEL modes results in a performance degradation of 0.25 dB, on average. The implementation of the different modes results in a compression speedup of approximately 10% in BYPASS mode, and a potential 3x speedup in PARALLEL mode, if independent coding passes are executed concurrently. C1 [Balster, Eric J.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kettering Lab, Rm 341,300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lucking, David L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45469 USA. RP Balster, EJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kettering Lab, Rm 341,300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM balsteej@notes.udayton.edu; david.lucking@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensor's Directorate FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, for funding this research. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712946 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100032 ER PT S AU Natarian, J AF Natarian, Joseph GP IEEE TI Effects of Radio Frequency Interference on an 802.11a Wireless Ad-Hoc Network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Radio frequency interference; wireless ad-hoc network; consumer 802.11a router AB Consumer electronic devices that utilize wireless communication interfaces to share information on the go are becoming a part of everyday life. Many of these devices communicate on unlicensed channels in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) and Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) frequency bands. One common communication interface used by these devices is described by the IEEE 802.11a standard. A wireless router is a typical device that employs the 802.11a communication standard. Wireless routers are located in many places we frequent every day, such as coffee shops, libraries, and even fast food restaurants. The proliferation of these devices throughout our environment has increased the potential for loss of connectivity due to interference from other devices. This paper will explore the effects of radio frequency interference on an ad-hoc wireless network of consumer routers in a congested 802.11a channel. In this paper, the source of interference will be a radio frequency sine wave generator. Interference will be measured by recording metrics about the data link, such as throughput and latency, between the different router nodes. These metrics will be monitored as the amplitude of the sine wave is varied to determine the effect of its interference on the ad-hoc wireless network of consumer routers. C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarian, J (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Natarian@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712952 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100038 ER PT S AU Hall, CL Schmidt, VA AF Hall, Christopher L. Schmidt, Vincent A. GP IEEE TI A Graphical Framework for Constructing and Executing Computational Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE model execution; simulation AB Research in multispectral data visualization frequently consists of experimenting with combinations of diverse fusion and visualization algorithms. This paper describes the design and implementation of a flexible graphically-based software utility for rapidly constructing sequences and networks of algorithms, drawn from a predefined and expandable library of algorithmic building blocks.(1) C1 [Hall, Christopher L.] Consortium Res Fellows Program, Dayton, OH 22302 USA. [Schmidt, Vincent A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hall, CL (reprint author), Consortium Res Fellows Program, Dayton, OH 22302 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712953 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100039 ER PT S AU Mitra, A Hu, CL Johnson, C AF Mitra, Atindra Hu, Colin Johnson, Connor GP IEEE TI Closed-Loop Smart Antenna Systems With Controllable Metamaterial Lattice Interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Smart Antennas; Reconfigurable Antennas; Metamaterials; Electromagnetic Simulation; RF Simulation; Associative Learning AB This paper provides an introductory discussion and sample preliminary results on a new metamaterial-based smart antenna concept. This new antenna concept is based on controlling closed-loop interactions between printed slot microstrip patterns and a variety of lattice substrate structures. These type of interactions are controlled via the integration of controllable active devices within a set of microstrip antenna geometries that are under consideration. The resulting antenna technology enables the real-time configuration of antenna systems that transmit multiple programmable tones across large percentage bandwidths. The control philosophy is based on specifying a desired spectrum within the system memory and then iteratively sequencing through a series of programmable modes on the antenna-integrated substrate devices to achieve convergence to the desired spectrum. C1 [Mitra, Atindra; Hu, Colin] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Connor] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Mitra, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712957 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100043 ER PT S AU Hytla, PC French, JC Vicen, NP Hardie, RC Balster, EJ Baxley, FO Barnard, KJ Bicknell, MA AF Hytla, Patrick C. French, Joseph C. Vicen, Nicholas P. Hardie, Russell C. Balster, Eric J. Baxley, Frank O. Barnard, Kenneth J. Bicknell, Mark A. GP IEEE TI Image Compression Emphasizing Pixel Size Objects in Midwave Infrared Persistent Surveillance Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Persistent surveillance; compression; JPEG2000; midwave infrared AB Midwave infrared (MWIR) persistent surveillance systems typically attempt to maximize coverage area leading to designs that push the limits of resolution. This places few pixels on target and can lead to performance challenges related to high spatial frequency content. This is especially true of pixel sized objects in the imagery and the potential for small apparent temperature differences between these objects and local background causing low contrast. Further complicating the issue is the need to compress the imagery during transmission. Lossy compression effects from JPEG 2000 compression were examined to determine the effects on pixel sized objects in the imagery. Furthermore, the optimum order of operations within the image processing chain necessary to preserve pixel sized object information in compressed imagery is investigated. Applying unsharp masking prior to 14-bit JPEG 2000 compression followed by decompression produced the best results at maintaining the integrity of pixel sized objects at compression ratios up to 40:1 based on visual interpretation of the imagery. C1 [Hytla, Patrick C.; French, Joseph C.; Vicen, Nicholas P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hardie, Russell C.; Balster, Eric J.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Baxley, Frank O.] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Dayton, OH USA. [Barnard, Kenneth J.; Bicknell, Mark A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, EO Threat & Target Detect Branch, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hytla, PC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Patrick.Hytla@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems [20079D02] FX This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory and General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems under contract no. 20079D02. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712966 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100051 ER PT S AU McGuinness, CD Balster, EJ Scarpino, FA AF McGuinness, Christopher D. Balster, Eric J. Scarpino, Frank A. GP IEEE TI A Model for Flash Analog-to-Digital Converters with Bit-Extended Error Table Linearization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE Error correction; data conversion; nonlinear distortion; compensation; table lookup; simulation ID CALIBRATION SCHEME; ADC AB This paper provides a fundamental overview of important metrics and concepts regarding A/D nonlinear distortion. Once reviewed, a sub-bit compensation technique is presented, analyzed, and simulated in the context of a high-speed flash converter. A model is presented to represent the compensator as well as the pre-compensated converter. It is shown that the BEET method of error compensation creates a greater SFDR and SINAD for a converter than traditional error-table compensation. Yet, the BEET method has only a slight increase in hardware complexity compared to traditional error tables. C1 [McGuinness, Christopher D.; Balster, Eric J.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kettering Lab, Rm 341,300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Scarpino, Frank A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP McGuinness, CD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kettering Lab, Rm 341,300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM mcguincd@notes.udayton.edu; balsteej@notes.udayton.edu; frank.scarpino@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712967 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100052 ER PT S AU Wang, ZH Blasch, EP Pham, K Chen, GS AF Wang, Zhonghai Blasch, Erik P. Khanh Pham Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI A GMTI Method via Comparing Two Consecutive Phase Difference Maps of the Same Target Area for Small UAVs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE AB In this paper, we present a Ground moving target indication (GMTI) method based on the analysis of the two phase difference maps (PDM) of the same target scene obtained by one antenna phase center on a slow moving platform. For small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) only one antenna is available to detect moving targets. Using a single antenna and the two PDMs method, odd numbered spatial samples are used to construct the first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, and the even numbered spatial samples are used to construct the second SAR image of the same target scene. The along track neighboring pixels phase difference is calculated for each image; and, thus two PDMs are generated. The phase difference values of the corresponding pixels in the two PDMs are almost the same if there are only static objects in the target scene; while if there is a moving target with a reasonable speed in one pixel, it will generate extra phase change based on the phase change generated by the platform motion. The extra phase change generated by the moving target would be detected in comparing the two PDMs, and thus the moving target is detected. Simulations conducted confirm that the proposed method can detect ground moving targets with very low speeds. C1 [Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe] DCM Res Resources, 14163 Furlong Way, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtl & AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), DCM Res Resources, 14163 Furlong Way, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100064 ER PT S AU Kahler, B Blasch, E AF Kahler, Bart Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Predicted Radar/Optical Feature Fusion Gains For Target Identification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2010 NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 14-16, 2010 CL Fairborn, OH SP IEEE DE decision level fusion; feature level fusion; electro-optical (EO); infrared (IR); synthetic aperture radar (SAR); information fusion; automatic target recognition (ATR); national imagery interpretability rating scale (NIIRS) AB Airborne tracking and identification (ID) of high value ground targets is a difficult task impacted by sensor, target, and environmental conditions. Layered sensing, using a combination of standoff and short-range sensors, maintains target track and identification in cluttered environments such as cities or densely vegetated areas through sensor diversity. Data, feature, decision, or information fusion is necessary for high confidence target classification to be achieved using multiple sensors and sensor modalities. Target identification performance is improved by exploiting the extra information gained from independent sensing modalities through information fusion for automatic target recognition (ATR). Increased target ID has been demonstrated using spatial-temporal multi-look sensor fusion and decision level fusion. To further enhance target ID performance and increase decision confidence, feature level fusion techniques are being investigated. A fusion performance model for feature level fusion was applied to a combination of sensor types and features to provide estimates of a fusion gain. This paper presents a fusion performance gain for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), electro-optical (EO), and infrared (IR) video stationary target identification. C1 [Kahler, Bart] Gen Dynam Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kahler, B (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4244-6578-1 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2010 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1109/NAECON.2010.5712986 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU80 UT WOS:000294969100071 ER PT B AU Haymond, J AF Haymond, Jeffrey BE Lopez, EJ TI CLASS ACTION RENT EXTRACTION: THEORY AND EVIDENCE OF LEGAL EXTORTION SO PURSUIT OF JUSTICE: LAW AND ECONOMICS OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Haymond, Jeffrey] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Haymond, Jeffrey] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Haymond, Jeffrey] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Haymond, J (reprint author), Space Dev Test Wing, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-10245-3 PY 2010 BP 193 EP + PG 26 WC Criminology & Penology; Economics; Law SC Criminology & Penology; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BQH39 UT WOS:000281008100010 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Lu, YL Naumann, B Genda, T Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Lu, Yalin Naumann, B. Genda, T. Knize, R. J. BE Gong, Q Guo, GC Shen, YR TI Performance comparison of nonlinear crystals for frequency doubling of an 894nm Cs vapor laser SO QUANTUM AND NONLINEAR OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum and Nonlinear Optics CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc (COS) AB An examination of the efficiencies of three commonly used nonlinear crystals (PPKTP, LBO, and BiBO) when generating second harmonic of a Cesium laser is presented. The experiment investigates both the intracavity and single pass second harmonic generation of 895 nm Cs laser light when operating in quasi-CW and in CW modes and pumped by several watts. A degradation of the conversion efficiencies for each crystal was observed when high fundamental powers or a high duty cycle of the pump were used. For a Cs laser operating at 894nm, PPKTP is found to be the optimal crystal for intracavity SHG in both pulsed and CW modes when operating at SHG powers of several watts. At higher powers, however, the increased absorption coefficient of PPKTP at 447nm, compared to that of BiBO or LBO, may become significant to where another crystal will be more appropriate for this application. Maximum blue light power obtained with PPKTP crystal was about 1.5W in CW mode and 2.5W in QCW. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Lu, Yalin; Naumann, B.; Genda, T.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8376-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7846 AR 78460B DI 10.1117/12.871808 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTP56 UT WOS:000287714100008 ER PT S AU Fanto, M McEwen, T Erdmann, R Galvez, E AF Fanto, Michael McEwen, Thomas Erdmann, Reinhard Galvez, Enrique BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Compensated crystal assemblies for type-II entangled photon generation in quantum cluster states SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum; entangled photons; joint spectral function; spontaneous parametric downconversion AB Spontaneous downconversion yields photons for Quantum-Optical-Gate development though their generation is probabilistic. Optimized efficiency requires control over the spectral wavefunction, generally achieved via spectral filtering which sacrifices most downconverted photons. Selecting crystal parameters to address the issue has been demonstrated, but no natural media enable this for 800 nm applications with optimal detection. Synthesizing parameters with super-lattices of known crystals was also analyzed but two-crystal experiments were insufficient to exploit it. Prototype twelve-crystal-assemblies have now been fabricated and the first results are reported here. We review implications for further work and discuss how methods described here enhance efficiency in applications of entangled photons requiring multi-crystal sources, such as cluster states, entanglement swapping, and teleportation. C1 [Fanto, Michael; McEwen, Thomas; Erdmann, Reinhard] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Fanto, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 77020H DI 10.1117/12.852641 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700014 ER PT S AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, Jeffrey BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum informational model of 3+1 dimensional gravitational dynamics SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum algorithm; quantum computation; quantum gravity; vierbien field theory; Einstein equation; Dirac equation in curved space; quantum lattice gas; Fermi condensate AB Quantum information theory is undergoing rapid development and recently there has been much progress in mapping out its relationship to low dimensional gravity, primarily through Chern-Simons topological quantum field theory and conformal field theory, with the prime application being topological quantum computation. Less attention has been paid to the relationship of quantum information theory to the long established and well tested theory of gravitational dynamics of 3+1 dimensional spacetime. Here we discuss this question in the weak field approximation of the 4-space metric tensor. The proposed approach considers a quantum algorithmic scheme suitable for simulating physical curved space dynamics that is traditionally described by the well known Einstein-Hilbert action. The quantum algorithmic approach builds upon Einstein's veirbein representation of gravity, which Einstein originally developed back in 1928 in his search for a unified field theory and, moreover, which is presently widely accepted as the preferred theoretical approach for representing dynamical relativistic Dirac fields in curved space. Although the proposed quantum algorithmic scheme is regular-lattice based it nevertheless recovers both the Einstein equation of motion as an effective field theory and invariance of the gravitational gauge field (i.e., the spin connection) with respect to Lorentz transformations as the local symmetry group in the low energy limit. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 770202 DI 10.1117/12.850569 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700001 ER PT S AU Cardimona, DA Alsing, PM AF Cardimona, D. A. Alsing, P. M. BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI Interference Effects in a Photonic Crystal Cavity SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE quantum interference; photonic crystals; cavity quantum electrodynamics ID BAND-GAP; SUPERRADIANCE; EDGE AB We investigate quantum interference and classical interference effects when a three-level system interacts with both a cavity field mode and an external driving field mode, within the confines of a photonic crystal material. In free-space, we found that under certain circumstances the cavity field evolves to be equal in magnitude to, but 180 degrees out-of-phase with the external pump field when the pump field frequency equals the cavity frequency. The better the cavity, the quicker this build-up occurs. When the cavity field reaches this out-of-phase condition, the resonance fluorescence from the atom in the cavity goes to zero. This is a purely classical interference effect between the two out-of-phase fields, with the resonance fluorescence going to zero at the same time as the two excited state populations go to zero. This is quite different from the quantum interference that occurs under the right circumstances, when the state populations are coherently driven into a linear combination that is decoupled from any applied field - and population is trapped in the excited states, thus allowing for a population inversion and an amplification of incoming optical signals. In this paper, we investigate the additional effects due to the presence of the altered photon density of states in a photonic crystal. C1 [Cardimona, D. A.; Alsing, P. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 760817 DI 10.1117/12.840986 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000039 ER PT S AU Scanlon, LG Lucente, LR Lawson, MF Lawson, JW Fellner, JP Feld, WA Balbuena, PB Munichandraiah, N Xiao, H AF Scanlon, L. G. Lucente, L. R. Lawson, M. F. Lawson, J. W. Fellner, J. P. Feld, W. A. Balbuena, P. B. Munichandraiah, N. Xiao, H. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI LOW ENERGY OF ACTIVATION LITHIUM-ION CONDUCTING CHANNEL SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery (BATT) ID PHTHALOCYANINE AB The specific ionic conductivities for a thin film of dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) dried at 160 degrees C and for a pressed pellet of single crystals of Li2Pc have been determined via impedance analysis as a function of temperature. The specific ionic conductivity of the thin film is on the order of mS/cm from -50 to +50 degrees C with an energy of activation of 0.063 eV. The specific ionic conductivity for the pressed pellet is on the order of 10(-4) S/cm from 0 to +50 degrees C with an energy of activation of 0.038 eV. The results suggest that lithium ion conduction takes place between the planes of the complex anions of Li2Pc, parallel to the a-axis. C1 [Scanlon, L. G.; Fellner, J. P.; Xiao, H.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucente, L. R.; Lawson, J. W.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Met & Ceram Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lawson, M. F.] US Air Force Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Feld, W. A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Balbuena, P. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Munichandraiah, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal & Electrochem Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1149/1.3393852 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900017 ER PT S AU Fitzgerald, TM Marciniak, MA Nauyoks, SE AF Fitzgerald, Thomas M. Marciniak, Michael A. Nauyoks, Stephen E. BE Gu, ZH Hanssen, LM TI Development of a tunable polarimetric scatterometry system in the MWIR and LWIR SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces II CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Polarimetric scatterometry; MWIR; LWIR; metamaterial; plasmonics; photonic crystals; Dual-Rotating-Retarder polarimeter; diffuse ellipsometry ID MUELLER MATRIX POLARIMETER; METAL NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; ARBITRARY SHAPES; SCATTERING; OPTIMIZATION AB A unique tunable polarimetric scatterometry system has been developed by upgrading a Schmitt Measurement Systems Complete Angle Scatter Instrument (CASI) to produce a Dual-Rotating-Retarder full-Mueller-matrix polarimeter. The system has been enhanced by automation, addition of multiple, tunable, laser light sources, an improved sample positioning and orientation interface, and enhanced data-analysis software. A primary application of this system is the characterization of novel nano-and micro-structured materials, such as photonic crystals, plasmonic structures and optical meta-materials, which often display very narrow-band performance. The ability to characterize these materials both at and away-from their resonances is a clear advantage. The specific project goals are to demonstrate (1) a novel nano-and micro-structured-material-characterization full-polarimetric-diffuse-ellipsometry technique suitable to measure desired material properties with stated uncertainty limits for novel optical material structures of interest, and (2) the incorporation of predictive computational codes that estimate the electro-magnetic property values for novel nano-and micro-structured-material designs and concepts of interest. C1 [Fitzgerald, Thomas M.; Marciniak, Michael A.; Nauyoks, Stephen E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fitzgerald, TM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8288-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7792 AR 779209 DI 10.1117/12.859870 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTS01 UT WOS:000287925300007 ER PT S AU Herr, NC Marciniak, MA Li, AG Burggraf, LW AF Herr, Nicholas C. Marciniak, Michael A. Li, Alex G. Burggraf, Larry W. BE Gu, ZH Hanssen, LM TI Bidirectional reflectance distribution of a 2-D thin-film photonic crystal patterned using an atomic-force microscope SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces II CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE atomic force microscope; AFM; bidirectional reflectance distribution function; BRDF; nano-indentation; photonic crystals ID POLYSTYRENE; SURFACES AB Bidirectional reflectance distribution has been measured from an atomic-force-microscope (AFM)-patterned surface for the first time. The AFM was used to generate a two-dimensional square array of sub-wavelength surface features from a single material at a scale large enough to permit optical characterization. A diamond nano-indentation AFM probe was used to produce a 325-mu m by 200-mu m array of indentations in a 120-nm-thick polystyrene film deposited on silicon. Indentation spacing of 400 nm produced well-defined surface features with a maximum height of 140 nm. The full size array was achieved by tiling together single arrays, limited in size by the AFM scanner range, through the use of the AFM's translation stage. An SMS Complete Angle Scatter Instrument (CASI) was used to measure in-plane bidirectional reflectance at incident angles ranging from 0 to 80 degrees. Because of the small array size, the CASI beam was focused to approximately 140 mu m and recalibrated using a 10-mu m AFM calibration standard. Two wavelengths were investigated, 633 and 544 nm, at both s and p incident polarizations. Negative-first-order diffraction peaks were observed that were consistent with feature spacing. An anomalous scatter peak, believed to be associated with guided-mode resonance of the structure, was also observed. This is the first demonstration of an AFM-patterned polymer surface to behave as a 2D photonic crystal. The ability to construct and image arrays of optically active nano-features has potential DoD applications in laser eye protection and anti-reflection coatings for high power laser optics. C1 [Herr, Nicholas C.; Marciniak, Michael A.; Li, Alex G.; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Herr, NC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8288-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7792 AR 77920H DI 10.1117/12.863909 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTS01 UT WOS:000287925300013 ER PT S AU Wellems, LD Huang, DH Leskova, TA Maradudin, AA AF Wellems, L. David Huang, Danhong Leskova, T. A. Maradudin, A. A. BE Gu, ZH Hanssen, LM TI Wavelength-tunable focal length of a nanopatterned metallic planar lens with strong focusing capability SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces II CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID TRANSMISSION; LIGHT; FILM AB Numerical results for the spatial distributions of the light transmitted through metallic planar lenses composed of symmetric nanogroove arrays on the surfaces of a gold film deposited on a dielectric substrate are presented and explained. Both the near and far-field distributions of the intensity of light transmitted through such films, which are modeled by two aligned and reversed one-dimensional surface profile functions, are calculated by the use of a Green's function formalism. The focusing action obtained for different groove-width variations is investigated thoroughly. Results for an optimal transverse focus based on a quadratic variation of groove width across the array are also obtained, in addition to the effect of groove shape on the sharpness of planar lens focusing. Meanwhile, a significant dependence of the focal length on the wavelength of light incident from the air side through the gold film into a dielectric substrate is found for this detector configuration. C1 [Wellems, L. David; Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wellems, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8288-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7792 AR 77920S DI 10.1117/12.861497 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTS01 UT WOS:000287925300023 ER PT S AU Edelmann, TA Coutu, RA Starman, LA AF Edelmann, Thomas A. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Starman, LaVern A. BE Kullberg, RC Ramesham, R TI Novel test fixture for collecting microswitch reliability data SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS AND NANODEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS and Nanodevices IX CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; microswitch; contacts; reliability AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are an important enabling technology for reducing electronic component geometries and device power consumption. An example of MEMS technology, used in radio frequency (RF) circuits and systems, is the microswitch. Although the operation of microswitches is relatively simple, they are plagued by poor reliability - they must operate over 100 billion cycles. Improvements in the mechanical design of the microswitch have helped to increase their reliability but further improvements are necessary. To accomplish this, research needs to be conducted on the actual contact surfaces for investigation of the mechanical, thermal and electrical phenomena that affect reliability. The focus of this paper is the development of a unique high lifecycle test fixture capable of the simultaneous measurement of contact resistance and contact force. By incorporating a high resonance force sensor, cycle rates reaching 3kHz will be achieved enabling researchers to conduct a wide range of reliability studies. The fixture will be isolated from vibrations and will be housed in a dry-box enclosure to minimize contamination. The test fixture will be automated with control and data acquisition instrumentation to optimize data collection and test repeatability. It is predicted that this new test fixture will provide the potential for significant work to be done to improve the reliability of MEMS microswitches. Several tests were conducted using components of the new test fixture. Preliminary results indicate the feasibility and support the need for the continuing development of this new test fixture. C1 [Edelmann, Thomas A.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Starman, LaVern A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Edelmann, TA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7988-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7592 AR 75920B DI 10.1117/12.842009 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BRW60 UT WOS:000283797400010 ER PT S AU Langlcy, D Coutu, RA Starman, LA Marciniak, MA AF Langlcy, Derrick Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Starman, LaVern A. Marciniak, Michael A. BE Kullberg, RC Ramesham, R TI Investigation into Metamaterial Structures Operating at Terahertz Wavelength SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS AND NANODEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS and Nanodevices IX CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE metamaterial; negative refractive index; fabrication; terahertz wavelength AB Our investigation addresses the modeling, design and fabrication of artificial structures, commonly called metamaterials. Metamaterials enable electromagnetic properties which do not naturally exist from basic structural symmetry. This investigation focuses on the modeling, fabrication and testing of metamaterials at terahertz wavelengths. This research utilizes a foundry fabrication process called PolyMUMPs to construct the metamaterial array. The PolyMUMPS process is commonly used for MEMS devices and consists of three polysilicon and two silicon dioxide layers. An array of split ring resonators consisting of the polysilicon and silicon dioxide layers was constructed. The split ring resonators are an important aspect to the metamaterial because they allow us to take advantage of structural properties such as scaling, resonant frequency response, and magnetic flux. The metamaterial structure obtains its symmetry from the etching process used to isolate the individual patterns. The "as-built" figure of merit (FOM) is defined as the ratio of the real component to the imaginary component of the refractive index. By comparing the analytical and FEM models to identify key limitations of the FOM structures, this investigation will point out manufacturing limitations that can be adjusted to improve the FOM. By gaining a higher ratio to the FOM, this improves the overall performance of the metamaterial structure at the selected wavelength. Through the understanding obtained from the modeling data and actual manufacturing comparison, changes to key parameters which limit the FOM can lead to metamaterial array improvements and ultimately to better components suitable for terahertz applications. C1 [Langlcy, Derrick; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Starman, LaVern A.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Langlcy, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7988-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7592 AR 75920X DI 10.1117/12.842858 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BRW60 UT WOS:000283797400032 ER PT S AU Sabbagh, HA Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Nyenhuis, J AF Sabbagh, Harold A. Knopp, Jeremy S. Aldrin, John C. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Elias H. Nyenhuis, John BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI EDDY CURRENT INVERSION AND ESTIMATION METRICS FOR EVALUATING THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Eddy-Current Nondestructive Evaluation; Electromagnetic Inverse Problems; Thermal Barrier Coatings; Thin-Film Metrology; Advanced Gas Turbines AB In this paper, sophisticated eddy-current techniques incorporating model-based inverse methods were successfully demonstrated to measure the thickness and remaining-life of high-temperature coatings. To further assure the performance of these inverse methods, several estimation metrics including Fisher Information, Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB), covariance, and singular value decomposition (SVD) are introduced. The connections and utility of these metrics are illustrated in the design of eddy current methods for estimating layer thickness, conductivity and probe liftoff. C1 [Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Elias H.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabbagh, Elias H.] Comp Tools, Gurnee 60031, IL USA. [Nyenhuis, John] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Purchase, NY USA. RP Sabbagh, HA (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory NDE Branch and Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Partial funding was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory NDE Branch and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 703 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362463 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500085 ER PT S AU Cusolito, NJ Na, JK Blackshire, JL Martin, SA AF Cusolito, Nicholas J. Na, Jeong K. Blackshire, James L. Martin, Steven A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DIRECT DEPOSIT PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING APPLICATIONS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Piezoelectric Sensors; Sol-gel Based Sensors; Structural Health Monitoring (SHM); Spray-on Sensor ID TRANSDUCERS; FILM AB Recent developments of Sol-Gel based direct deposited lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) piezoelectric transducers prompted an investigation into the consistency of their sensing characteristics. Five samples were evaluated to determine if the manufacturing process creates characteristic differences in performance from sensor to sensor. Tests characterizing the transducers investigated included resonant frequency, harmonic distortion, damping characteristics, energy distribution, and durability measurements. Despite minor physical differences incurred during their fabrication, the transducers displayed consistent properties. The performance of a Lithium Niobate single crystal transducer clement and commercial off-the-shelf transducers are compared to these spray-on sensors. C1 [Cusolito, Nicholas J.; Blackshire, James L.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Na, Jeong K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Martin, Steven A.] NDE Computat Consultants, Dublin 43017, CA USA. RP Cusolito, NJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory(AFRL/RXLP) through United States Air Force [F33615-03-C5220] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (AFRL/RXLP), through the United States Air Force Contract F33615-03-C5220. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1021 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362139 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500125 ER PT S AU Yang, Y Xiang, D Qin, Y Li, F Coulter, RV AF Yang, Y. Xiang, D. Qin, Y. Li, F. Coulter, R. V. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI BOND INSPECTION BY IMPACT TEST SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Kissing Bond; Impact Test; Bond Strength Inspection; EMAT AB Kissing bond detection has been a challenging issue for NDE of bonded structures in aeronautical industry. A novel impact test technique for bond inspection has been developed, which shows great potential for kissing bond detection. The impact test employs a solenoid to produce impact forces in a bonded structure, and the induced elastic wave in the structure was picked up by an EMAT sensor, which located side by side with the solenoid. Both solenoid and EMAT sensor are integrated into a tap header that is mounted onto an automatic 2-D scanner to realize an automatic 2-D scanning. Multiple samples with artificial defects including kissing bonds and disbonds were used to test the impact test technique. The results show that those bond defects in the samples can be detected by the developed impact test technique. For comparison purpose, those samples were also tested with traditional ultrasonic C-scan. C1 [Yang, Y.; Xiang, D.; Qin, Y.; Li, F.] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Coulter, R. V.] US Air Force, WR ALC ENGS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. FU USA Air Force through Warner Robins Air Logistic Center (WR-ALC/ENFA) [FA8501-08-C-0015] FX This research was funded by USA Air Force through Warner Robins Air Logistic Center (WR-ALC/ENFA) under contract FA8501-08-C-0015. Authors would like to thank Professor Cliff J. Lissenden at Penn State University for his help with the standard specimen fabrication, and Dr. Nelson N. Hsu for his critical advices. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1206 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362194 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501016 ER PT S AU Heebl, J Lindgren, E Melson, R AF Heebl, J. Lindgren, E. Melson, R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR ANGLE BEAM ULTRASONIC INSPECTIONS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Ultrasonic; Transfer Function; EDM Notch; Angle Beam Inspection; Fatigue Cracks AB A significant concern for the US Air Force (USAF) is the aging of its aircraft fleet and, subsequently, the resultant increase in the number of inspections required to ensure the flight-readiness and safety of these aircraft. In particular, the inspection of bolt holes at locations of high stress is a recurring requirement. Frequently, when not removing fasteners, a 45 degree angle beam shear wave ultrasonic (UT) inspection is used to detect fatigue cracks at these sites. The implementation of new inspections usually requires a capability demonstration. This is typically performed using representative damage in representative structures. It is very common to use electric discharge machined (EDM) notches to represent fatigue cracks in capability studies to decrease the time and cost of such studies. A limitation of this approach is that sensitivity will vary as a function of damage type. Therefore, a mathematical relationship needs to be developed that establishes the relationship between the responses from EDM notches and grown fatigue cracks. This will enable EDM notched samples to be used to validate new inspections. An immersion ultrasonic tank was used to perform inspections on both EDM notched samples and multiple fatigue cracked coupons using the 45 degree angle beam ultrasonic technique. Both sample sets had a range of flaw dimensions. The empirical data was analyzed to develop a mathematical transfer function that correlates the amplitude response from the EDM notches with those from grown fatigue cracks. C1 [Heebl, J.; Lindgren, E.; Melson, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Heebl, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1887 EP 1894 DI 10.1063/1.3362327 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501101 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Medina, EA Lindgren, EA Buynak, C Steffes, G Derriso, M AF Aldrin, John C. Medina, Enrique A. Lindgren, Eric A. Buynak, Charles Steffes, Gary Derriso, Mark BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI MODEL-ASSISTED PROBABILISTIC RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Model-Assisted POD Evaluation; Probability of Detection (POD); Reliability; Structural Health Monitoring AB This paper describes a model-assisted probabilistic methodology to ensure the reliability of SHM systems for damage detection, localization, and sizing. A hierarchical approach is presented that attempts to minimize the number of samples, the length of time, and degree of full-scale testing required for statistically meaningful characterization results. The feasibility of applying this approach to typical sensing methods found in SHM systems is investigated, and additional challenges concerning model reliability and uncertainty propagation are addressed. C1 [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Lindgren, Eric A.; Buynak, Charles; Steffes, Gary; Derriso, Mark] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Medina, Enrique A.] Radiance Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-09-C-5204] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), through Contract FA8650-09-C-5204. The authors would like to thank John Brausch of AFRL for helpful discussions about SHM validation and certification. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1965 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362348 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501111 ER PT J AU Klein, RW Temple, MA Mendenhall, MJ AF Klein, Randall W. Temple, Michael A. Mendenhall, Michael J. TI Application of wavelet denoising to improve OFDM-based signal detection and classification SO SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE RF fingerprints; wavelet denoising; OFDM; 802.11a; dual tree wavelet transform ID TURN-ON TRANSIENTS; TRANSFORM AB The developmental emphasis on improving wireless access security through various OSI PHY layer mechanisms continues. This work investigates the exploitation of RF waveform features that are inherently unique to specific devices and that may be used for reliable device classification (manufacturer, model, or serial number). Emission classification is addressed here through detection, location, extraction, and exploitation of RF 'fingerprints' to provide device-specific identification. The most critical step in this process is burst detection which occurs prior to fingerprint extraction and classification. Previous variance trajectory (VT) work provided sensitivity analysis for burst detection capability and highlighted the need for more robust processing at lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The work presented here introduces a dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) denoising process to augment and improve VT detection capability. The new method's performance is evaluated using the instantaneous amplitude responses of experimentally collected 802.11a OFDM signals at various SNRs. The impact of detection error on signal classification performance is then illustrated using extracted RF fingerprints and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) with maximum likelihood (ML) classification. Relative to previous approaches, the DT-CWT augmented process emerges as a better alternative at lower SNR and yields performance that is 34% closer (on average) to 'perfect' burst location estimation performance. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Temple, Michael A.] USAF, AFIT, ENG, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Temple, MA (reprint author), USAF, AFIT, ENG, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu FU Sensors Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory; Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) Program FX This research was supported by the Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) Program. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1939-0114 J9 SECUR COMMUN NETW JI Secur. Commun. Netw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 SI SI BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1002/sec.115 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 554NR UT WOS:000274442200007 ER PT B AU Marsh, D Baldwin, R Mullins, B AF Marsh, David Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry BA Beyah, R McNair, J Corbett, C BF Beyah, R McNair, J Corbett, C TI Wireless Sensor Network Authorization Specification Language: The Formal Models SO SECURITY IN AD HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS SE Series in Computer and Network Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The WSN Authorization Specification Language is a mechanism-independent composable WSN policy language that takes into account the severe resource constraints of WSN nodes. The grammar and syntax of WASL is introduced and the formal aspects of policy models and the language are explored. We show that WASL has sufficient flexibility to specify a variety of security policies, specifically sustaining confidentiality requirements in the Bell-LaPadula model, ensuring integrity in Biba's strict integrity model, and preventing conflicts of interest ill the Chinese Wall model. Rules in the language provide for the expression of hybrid models, as well, capable of enforcing the combination of properties of these models. WASL also supports policy composition such that the integration of multiple policies leaves component policies unchanged. Thus, composition provides new cross-policy accesses that preserves the security of the component systems. C1 [Marsh, David; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marsh, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rusty.baldwin@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4271-08-0 J9 SER COMPUT NETW SECU PY 2010 VL 3 BP 333 EP 367 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BME22 UT WOS:000271969700011 ER PT B AU Schweitzer, D Boleng, J AF Schweitzer, Dino Boleng, Jeff BE Lewandowski, G Wolfman, S Cortina, TJ Walker, EL Musicant, DR TI A Simple Machine Simulator for Teaching Stack Frames SO SIGCSE 10: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 10-13, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP ACM SIGCSE DE Active Learning; Stack Frames; Buffer Overflow; Visualization AB Stack frames are a fundamental concept in computer science often taught in an operating systems or an assembly language programming course. Computer security courses also rely on an understanding of stack frame concepts when teaching buffer overflow attacks. To assist students in learning the fundamentals of stack frames and related concepts, we have developed an interactive Simple Machine Simulator tool that allows students to step through a C-like language program and watch how memory changes. We have used this tool successfully in various courses to teach different aspects of stack frames and their use. This paper will describe the tool, how it is used to teach stack frame concepts, our experience, and future plans. C1 [Schweitzer, Dino; Boleng, Jeff] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schweitzer, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dino.schweitzer@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-885-8 PY 2010 BP 361 EP 365 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BQJ04 UT WOS:000281141300083 ER PT B AU Carlisle, MC AF Carlisle, Martin C. BE Lewandowski, G Wolfman, S Cortina, TJ Walker, EL Musicant, DR TI Using YouTube to Enhance Student Class Preparation in an Introductory Java Course SO SIGCSE 10: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 10-13, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP ACM SIGCSE DE YouTube; Java; videos AB We provided 21 short You Tube videos for an Introduction to Programming in Java course. Students were surveyed on how often they watched the videos and did the readings, and how much these activites contributed to their learning. When professors reduced lecture time and increased lab time, students watched videos and read significantly more. Their test scores were at least as high and they indicated they would prefer to not have more lecture. The You Tube videos also provided a source of outreach for the university, drawing a large number of views, including the 13-17 year-old demographic. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carlisle, MC (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6G101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carlislem@acm.org NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-885-8 PY 2010 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BQJ04 UT WOS:000281141300107 ER PT S AU Oxley, ME Schubert, CM Thorsen, SN AF Oxley, Mark E. Schubert, Christine M. Thorsen, Steven N. BE Kadar, I TI Confidence of a ROC Manifold SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIX CY APR 05-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Classification System; Confidence; ROC Manifold; ROC Curve; Chebychev Inequality ID N-CLASS CLASSIFICATION; OBSERVERS AB A Classification system such as an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system with N possible output labels (or decisions) will have N(N-1) possible errors. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) manifold was created to quantify all of these errors. Finite truth data will produce an approximation to a ROC manifold. How well does the approximate ROC manifold approximate the TRUE ROC manifold? Several metrics exist that quantify the approximation ability, but researchers really wish to quantify the confidence in the approximate ROC manifold. This paper will review different confidence definitions for ROC curves and will derive an expression for confidence of a ROC manifold. The foundation of the confidence expression is based upon the Chebychev inequality. C1 [Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.oxley@afit.edu; cmschuber@vcu.edu; steven.thorsen@usafa.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8161-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7697 AR 76970T DI 10.1117/12.850892 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSN17 UT WOS:000284995500031 ER PT J AU Soref, R AF Soref, Richard TI Silicon Photonics: A Review of Recent Literature SO SILICON LA English DT Review DE Photonics; Optoelectronics; Communications; Sensing; Computing; Plasmonics; Photonic crystals; SiGeSn; Lasers; Photodetectors; Waveguides; Integration; Integrated circuits; Infrared; Terahertz AB This review presents a distillation of important results published during 2009 in major journals and conference proceedings. Although the commercial promise of silicon photonics has not yet been realized, Group IV photonic science and technology continues to flourish in a remarkable variety of applications-areas discussed here. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM richard.soref@hanscom.af.mil FU AFOSR FX The author greatly appreciates the sponsorship of AFOSR (Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager). NR 84 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-990X EI 1876-9918 J9 SILICON-NETH JI Silicon PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s12633-010-9034-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA V25PR UT WOS:000208490400001 ER PT S AU Boeckl, J Mitchel, WC Clarke, E Barbosa, RL Lu, WJ AF Boeckl, John Mitchel, W. C. Clarke, Edwina Barbosa, Roland L. Lu, Weijie BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Structural Evaluation of Graphene/SiC (0001) Grown in Atmospheric Pressure SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE Graphene growth; SiC; and growth mechanism ID LAYERS AB Graphene growth on SiC in atmospheric pressure argon exhibits large terrace sizes and coverage over the entire substrate surface. Graphene growth and the resulting morphology are correlated with the characteristics of the growth chamber and the surface quality of the starting SiC substrate. Without in-situ surface preparation prior to growth, we observe "wrinkles" in the graphene surface. Graphitic-like disordered structures are formed at 1500 degrees C while atomically flat graphene terraces are formed above 1600 degrees C. C1 [Boeckl, John; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clarke, Edwina; Barbosa, Roland L.; Lu, Weijie] Fisk Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Mat, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Boeckl, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.boeckl@wpafb.af.mil FU ARO [W911NF-05-1-0460]; NSF through Center of Physics and Chemistry of Materials [HRD-0420516]; AFOSR; Air Force Research Laboratory through Universal Technology Corporation [07-T583-004-C1] FX The authors at Fisk University acknowledge supports from ARO (W911NF-05-1-0460)) and NSF through Center of Physics and Chemistry of Materials (HRD-0420516), and AFRL/RX personnel acknowledge the support of AFOSR. W. Lu acknowledges the support from the Air Force Research Laboratory as a summer visiting scientist, through the Universal Technology Corporation (07-T583-004-C1). NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 573 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.573 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600137 ER PT S AU Tsao, BH Lawson, JW Scofield, JD Baca, JF AF Tsao, Bang-Hung Lawson, Jacob W. Scofield, James D. Baca, Javier F. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI TEM Observations of Ti/AlNi/Au Contacts on p-Type 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC; Ohmic Contact; TEM; AFM; SEM; X-ray Diffraction; Specific Contact Resistivity ID SILICON-CARBIDE; OHMIC CONTACTS AB Improved AlNi-based ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC have been achieved using low energy ion (Al+)implantation, the addition of a thin Ti layer, and a novel two-step implant activation anneal process. AlNi/Au contacts with and without Ti were studied, which resulted in contact resistivities around 1.8x10(-4) Omega-cm(2) and 2.0x10(-3) Omega-cm(2) respectively. Even though these values were higher than those of the Ti/AlNi/W system, which was the focus of previous studies, the reduced anneal temperature (650 to 700 degrees C) implies that Ti/AINi/Au is a promising composite configuration. Cross-sectional TEM and EDX were used to investigate the interfacial structure of the contacts. One possible mechanism for the improved ohmic contact behavior is that the addition of Au and Ti resulted in a reduction barrier height. C1 [Tsao, Bang-Hung; Lawson, Jacob W.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Scofield, James D.; Baca, Javier F.] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tsao, BH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM bang.tsao@wpafb.af.mil; jacob.lawson@wpafb.af.mil; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil; francisco.baca@wpafb.af.mil FU Propulsion Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-D-2403(DO13)] FX This work was supported by the Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract no. FA8650-04-D-2403(DO13). The authors gratefully acknowledge Scott Apt and Dr.Bob Wheeler of UES, Inc. for TEM assistance, Tom Boenlin and Victor McNier of UDRI for data acquisition system development, Dr. Neil Merrett of AFRL for his valuable insight and discussions. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 729 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSE.645-648.729 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600173 ER PT S AU Scofield, J Merrett, N Richmond, J Agarwal, A Leslie, S AF Scofield, James Merrett, Neil Richmond, Jim Agarwal, Anant Leslie, Scott BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Electrical and Thermal Performance of 1200 V, 100 A, 200 degrees C 4H-SiC MOSFET-based Power Switch Modules SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE SiC MOSFET; phase leg; power module; high temperature packaging AB In this paper we report the electrical and thermal performance characteristics of 1200 V, 100 A, 200 degrees C (T-j), SiC MOSFET power modules configured in a dual-switch topology. Each switch-diode pair was populated by 2 x 56 mm(2) SiC MOSFETs and 2 x 32 mm(2) SiC junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes providing the 100 A rating at 200 degrees C. Static and dynamic characterization, over rated temperature and power ranges, highlights the performance potential of this technology for highly efficient drive and power conversion applications. Electrical performance comparisons were also made between SiC power modules and equivalently rated and packaged IGBT modules. Even at a modest Tj=125 degrees C, conduction and dynamic loss evaluation for 20kHz, Id=100A operation demonstrated a significant efficiency advantage (38-43%) over the IGBT components. Initial reliability data also illustrates the potential for SiC technology to provide robust performance in harsh environments. C1 [Scofield, James; Merrett, Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Richmond, Jim; Agarwal, Anant] CREE Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Leslie, Scott] Powerex Inc, Youngwood, PA 15697 USA. RP Scofield, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil; joseph.merrett@wpafb.af.mil; jim_richmond@CREE.com; anant_agarwal@CREE.com; sleslie@pwrx.com NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1119 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1119 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600267 ER PT J AU Dolan, DC Taylor, DJ Rosenthal, L AF Dolan, D. C. Taylor, D. J. Rosenthal, L. TI EXPLORING EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP) ON MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS' COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dolan, D. C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Taylor, D. J.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Rosenthal, L.] Sleep Med Associates Texas, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0496 BP A168 EP A168 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000499 ER PT J AU Lucey, BP Leahy, A Shaw, P AF Lucey, B. P. Leahy, A. Shaw, P. TI DROSOPHILA AS A MODEL SYSTEM TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND SEIZURE SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lucey, B. P.] Michael OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Leahy, A.; Shaw, P.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0251 BP A88 EP A88 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000254 ER PT J AU Serak, S Tabiryan, N Vergara, R White, TJ Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF Serak, Svetlana Tabiryan, Nelson Vergara, Rafael White, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Liquid crystalline polymer cantilever oscillators fueled by light SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMERS; CROSS-LINKING; FILMS; AZOBENZENE; ACTUATION; ELASTOMERS; BEHAVIOR AB We report on the laser and sunlight driven, fast and large oscillation of cantilevers composed of photoresponsive liquid crystal polymer materials. The oscillation frequency, driven with a focused 100 mW laser of multiple wavelengths (457, 488, 514 nm), is as high as 270 Hz and is shown to be strongly correlated to the physical dimensions of the cantilever. The experimental frequency response is accurately described by the calculated natural resonant frequency for a non-damped cantilever. To further understand the conversion efficiency of light energy to mechanical work in the system, the oscillatory behavior of a 2.7 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.04 mm cantilever was examined at pressures ranging from 1 atm to 0.03 atm. A large increase in amplitude from 110 degrees at STP to 250 degrees at low pressure was observed. A first approximation of the system efficiency was calculated at 0.1%. The large increase in amplitude at low pressure indicates strong hydrodynamic loss and thus, the material efficiency is potentially much greater. Using a simple optical setup, oscillatory behavior was also demonstrated using sunlight. This work indicates the potential for remotely triggered photoactuation of photoresponsive polymer cantilevers from long distances with lasers or focused sunlight. C1 [Serak, Svetlana; Tabiryan, Nelson; Vergara, Rafael] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, Winter Pk, FL USA. [White, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabiryan, N (reprint author), BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, 809 S Orlando Ave Ste 1, Winter Pk, FL USA. EM nelson@beamco.com; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 32 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 49 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 779 EP 783 DI 10.1039/b916831a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 553AY UT WOS:000274338000013 ER PT B AU Altrock, RC AF Altrock, Richard C. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI The Progress of Solar Cycle 24 at High Latitudes SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Ne Harbor, MA ID FE XIV AB The "extended" solar cycle 24 began in 1999 near 70 degrees latitude, similarly to cycle 23 in 1989 and cycle 22 in 1979. The extended cycle is manifested by persistent Fe XIV coronal emission appearing near 70 degrees latitude and slowly migrating towards the equator, merging with the latitudes of sunspots and active regions (the "butterfly diagram") after several years. Cycle 24 began its migration at a rate 40% slower than the previous two solar cycles, thus indicating the possibility of a peculiar cycle. However, the onset of the "Rush to the Poles" of polar crown prominences and their associated coronal emission, which has been a precursor to solar maximum in recent cycles (cf. Altrock 2003), has just been identified in the northern hemisphere. Peculiarly, this "rush" is leisurely, at only 50% of the rate in the previous two cycles. The properties of the current "Rush to the Poles" yields an estimate of 2013 or 2014 for solar maximum. C1 USAF, Res Lab, NSO SP, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Altrock, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, NSO SP, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900022 ER PT B AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Solar Energetic Particle Events through the Current Solar Cycle Minimum SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DECEMBER 2006; COSMIC-RAY; RADIO; SPACE; WIND AB The current deep minimum in solar activity includes a dearth in the occurrence of E > 10 MeV solar energetic particle (SEP) events. With no recent SEP events to discuss, we consider three related topics: (1) the occurrence rates from 2006 to 2009 of gradual SEP events and the fast and wide CMEs required for their production, presented in an historical context; (2) SEPs in three different roles during the last period of enhanced SEP activity in December 2006: neutral atom tracers of the SEP injection region, as a ground level event, and as probes of a magnetic cloud; and (3) a brief survey of new ground and space instruments that will measure high-energy (>= 50 MeV) SEPs over the next activity cycle. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900039 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. BE Graf, T Mackenzie, JI Jelinkova, H Paulus, GG Bagnoud, V Blanc, CL TI Alkali Lasers - a New Type of Scalable High Power Lasers SO SOLID STATE LASERS AND AMPLIFIERS IV AND HIGH-POWER LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers and Amplifiers III and High-Power Lasers CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP SPIE, B-PHOT, FWO, ICO DE Alkali lasers; Optically pumped lasers; Diode laser pump ID CESIUM VAPOR LASER; COLLISION-INDUCED PROCESSES; INDUCED AMPLIFIED EMISSION; PUMPED CS LASER; DIODE-ARRAY; SODIUM VAPOR; POTASSIUM LASER; EXCITATION; ATOMS; SYSTEMS AB Historically, an optically pumped alkali (potassium) vapor laser was the first laser proposed by A. L. Schawlow and C. H. Townes in 1958, but was not experimentally demonstrated at that time. In the next 45 years, many experiments with alkali vapors were performed that demonstrated stimulated emission, gain and amplified spontaneous emission. However, the real interest in alkali vapor lasers appeared in the last several years, when really efficient lasing in Rb and Cs vapors was demonstrated. The US Air Force Academy performed a variety of experiments on alkali lasers, including the demonstration of efficient Rb, Cs and K vapor lasers, power scaling experiments with multiple diode laser pumping sources and experiments on diode pumped alkali vapor amplifiers. As a result of this effort we have increased the alkali lasers output power to tens of watts in continuous wave operation. In this paper we present a review of the most important achievements in high power alkali lasers research and development, discuss some problems existing in this field. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8194-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7721 AR 77211V DI 10.1117/12.853409 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSP58 UT WOS:000285295200051 ER PT S AU Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Berry, Patrick A. Schepler, Kenneth L. BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Cr(2+):ZnSe master oscillator/power amplifier for improved power scaling SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid-state lasers; transition-metal lasers; mid-IR lasers ID LASERS AB We demonstrate a high-power (7.5 W) polycrystalline Cr(2+):ZnSe CW laser system utilizing an astigmatically-compensated Kogelnik-configuration master oscillator and a normal-incidence slab power amplifier demonstrating over 2X gain. Experimental results are compared with an improved theoretical model of amplification in this type of system. C1 [Berry, Patrick A.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berry, PA (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.berry@wpafb.af.mil OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305; Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 75781L DI 10.1117/12.858798 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100046 ER PT J AU Ricker, JM Foody, WF Shumway, NM Shaw, JC AF Ricker, Jonathan M. Foody, William F. Shumway, Nathan M. Shaw, Janet C. TI Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by the Histrelin (Vantus (R)) Subcutaneous Implant SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE drug induced liver injury; histrelin; prostate cancer; vantus ID HORMONE AGONIST HISTRELIN; PROSTATE-CANCER; MEDICAL CASTRATION; UNITED-STATES; FAILURE AB Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute hepatic failure in the United States. Up to 13% of acute liver failure cases occur due to drugs other than acetaminophen. This clinical diagnosis, made after other causes of liver injury have been excluded, requires establishing a causal relationship between drug exposure and liver injury. The case of a patient with liver injury following a subcutaneous histrelin (Vantus(R)) implant as therapy for advanced prostate cancer is presented. C1 [Ricker, Jonathan M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ricker, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM doctorntraining2004@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181c376a6 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604OP UT WOS:000278288700019 PM 19996852 ER PT S AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, G. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Membrane Photon Sieve Telescopes SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space telescopes; lightweight optics; diffractive elements ID MODEL AB We are investigating new technologies for creating ultra-large apertures (>20m) for space-based imagery. Our approach has been to create diffractive primaries in flat membranes to be deployed from compact payloads. This research has led us to the development of photon sieves in which millions of holes of a well-determined size are positioned over an otherwise opaque background. High resolution focusing is obtained for transmitted light. We have analyzed the theoretical performance of several types of photon sieves to improve both efficiency and bandwidth. We have also created several prototype devices in both rigid and flexible substrates. C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Ste 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773123 DI 10.1117/12.855675 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600063 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. BE Mortari, D Starchville, TF Trask, AJ Miller, JK TI EARTH SATELLITE PERTURBATION THEORIES AS APPROXIMATE KAM TORI SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2010, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc (AAS), Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) AB Several standard earth satellite general perturbation models can be converted into KAM tori, and are compared to KAM tori constructed from full geopotential integrations. Converting perturbation theories into ton allows absolute identification of spectral lines with the classical orbital element frequencies. Comparisons are made of each torus representation against numerical integrations, and the torus spectra are also compared. The torus canonical coordinates Q(i) are identified as the analogues of the "mean" mean anomaly (M) over bar, the longitude of the mean node (Omega) over bar - theta(g), and the mean argument of perigee (omega) over bar. The associated torus canonical momenta P(i) are approximately the usual Delaunay momenta. Finally, the actual "distance" between perturbation theory tori and actual geopotential tori can be measured, and the frequency errors can be estimated. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-560-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 136 BP 345 EP 355 PN I-III PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT43 UT WOS:000290282400021 ER PT S AU Sabol, C Sukut, T Hill, K Alfriend, KT Wright, B Li, Y Schumacher, P AF Sabol, Chris Sukut, Thomas Hill, Keric Alfriend, Kyle T. Wright, Brendan Li, You Schumacher, Paul BE Mortari, D Starchville, TF Trask, AJ Miller, JK TI LINEARIZED ORBIT COVARIANCE GENERATION AND PROPAGATION ANALYSIS VIA SIMPLE MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2010, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Monte Carlo simulations are used to explore how well covariance represents orbit state estimation and prediction errors when fitting to normally distributed, zero mean error observation data. The covariance is generated as a product of a least-squares differential corrector, which estimates the state in either Cartesian coordinates or mean equinoctial elements, and propagated using linearized dynamics. Radar range and angles observations of a LEO satellite are generated for either a single two-minute radar pass or catalog-class scenario. State error distributions at the estimation epoch and after propagation are analyzed in Cartesian, equinoctial, or curvilinear coordinates. Results show that the covariance is representative of the state error distribution at the estimation epoch for all state representations; however, the Cartesian representation of the covariance rapidly fails to represent the error distribution when propagated away from epoch due to the linear nature of the comparison coordinate system, not the linearization of the dynamics used in the covariance propagation. Analysis demonstrates that dynamic nonlinearity ultimately drives the error distribution to be non-Gaussian in element space despite the fact that sample distribution second moment terms appear to remain consistent with the propagated covariance. Lastly, the results show the importance of using as much precision as possible when dealing with ill-conditioned covariance matrices. C1 [Sabol, Chris; Schumacher, Paul] AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Force Maui Opt & Supercomp, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Force Maui Opt & Supercomp, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-560-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 136 BP 509 EP 526 PN I-III PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT43 UT WOS:000290282400031 ER PT S AU Craft, CT Wiesel, WE AF Craft, Christopher T. Wiesel, William E. BE Mortari, D Starchville, TF Trask, AJ Miller, JK TI FORMATION FLIGHT OF EARTH SATELLITES ON KAM TORI SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2010, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc (AAS), Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) ID CONSTRUCTION; POTENTIALS; MECHANICS; STABILITY AB Komolgorov, Arnold and Moser (KAM) theory provides that orbits of satellites whose dynamics are representable by an integrable Hamiltonian plus a small, real perturbation lie on tori in phase space and remain upon the KAM tori for all time, unless acted on by a non-conservative force. A refined technique for constructing KAM tori for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites is developed and implemented using numerically integrated orbital data for hypothetical satellites and involving methods of Fourier analysis and spectral decomposition. Definition of satellite formations on the KAM tori is performed and analyses conducted to investigate both constellations with large separations and clusters with small separations. Cluster formations with physical secular drift rates on the order of nanometers to micrometers per second are obtained. C1 [Craft, Christopher T.] USAF, AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Craft, CT (reprint author), USAF, AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-560-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 136 BP 863 EP 877 PN I-III PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BUT43 UT WOS:000290282400052 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Special Design Topics in Digital Wideband Receivers Introduction SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500001 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Amplification Required in Front of the ADC SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 9 EP 23 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500002 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Dynamic Range Study Through Eigenvalue and MUSIC Methods SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 25 EP 52 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500003 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Dynamic Range Study Through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 53 EP 75 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500004 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI In-Phase and Quadrature Phase (IQ) Study SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 77 EP 107 PG 31 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500005 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Signal Detection from Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Outputs SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 109 EP 142 PG 34 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500006 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Time-Domain Detection with 1-Bit ADC SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 143 EP 171 PG 29 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500007 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Eigenvalue and Related Operations SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 173 EP 202 PG 30 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500008 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Signals Close in Frequency Study and the MUSIC Method SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 203 EP 226 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500009 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) Receiver SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 227 EP 254 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500010 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Receiver Designed Through a Conventional FFT Approach SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 255 EP 276 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500011 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Receiver Designed Through a Multiple FFT Operation SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 277 EP 297 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500012 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Receiver Through a Polyphase Filter SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 299 EP 320 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500013 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Detection of Biphase Shift Keying (BPSK) Signals SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 321 EP 348 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500014 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Frequency Modulated (FM) Signals SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 349 EP 368 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500015 ER PT B AU Tsui, J AF Tsui, James BA Tsui, J BF Tsui, J TI Angle of Arrival (AOA) and Frequency Measurements SO SPECIAL DESIGN TOPICS IN DIGITAL WIDEBAND RECEIVERS SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsui, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-029-9 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2010 BP 369 EP 401 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLZ62 UT WOS:000271590500016 ER PT S AU Fitch, RC Kazimierczuk, MK Gillespie, JK Mattamana, AG Orlando, PL Groves, KS Quach, TK AF Fitch, Robert C., Jr. Kazimierczuk, Marian K. Gillespie, James K. Mattamana, Aji G. Orlando, Pompei L. Groves, Kari S. Quach, Tony K. BE Overberg, ME Hesketh, P Ma, H Brown, J Johnson, W Vanysek, P TI Hybrid Integration of Microwave Circuit Solenoid Inductors and AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using an SU-8 Photosensitive Epoxy Interposer Layer SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 52 (SOTAPOCS 52) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors 52 (SOTAPOCS) held during the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon, Sensor ID SPIRAL INDUCTORS; RF ICS; OPTIMIZATION; CORE AB Integration of active and passive microwave circuit components onto an inexpensive silicon substrate can be accomplished using photosensitive SU-8 epoxy as the interposer layer. This paper addresses the 3-dimensional integration of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor's (HEMT's) embedded into deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) pockets on a silicon substrate with gold-plated vias and transmission lines formed in a follow-on layer of SU-8 epoxy over the HEMT's. In addition, modeling, simulation, fabrication and testing of gold-plated, solenoid inductors embedded in SU-8 over the silicon substrate is covered. This integration process may replace variable inductance wire bond connections; with reproducible interconnects to enhance circuit design flexibility and accuracy. The solenoid inductors, whose inductance L and quality factor Q can be further optimized through the addition of ferrite or ferromagnetic cores, will help reduce the overall circuit footprint. This paper is organized into two parts: the solenoid model development and the HEMT integration process and test results. C1 [Fitch, Robert C., Jr.; Gillespie, James K.; Mattamana, Aji G.; Orlando, Pompei L.; Groves, Kari S.; Quach, Tony K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kazimierczuk, Marian K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Fitch, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-832-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 13 BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.1149/1.3485604 PG 20 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BDJ91 UT WOS:000313569400002 ER PT S AU Metroke, TL Henley, MV Hammons, MI AF Metroke, Tammy L. Henley, Michael V. Hammons, Michael I. BE Kriven, WM Zhou, Y Radovic, M Mathur, S Ohji, T TI EFFECT OF CURING CONDITIONS ON THE POROSITY CHARACTERISTICS OF METAKAOLIN-FLY ASH GEOPOLYMERS SO STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB The porosity characteristics of metakaolin (MK)- and fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers cured under ambient, thermal, and moist conditions were investigated using nitrogen adsorption porosimetry. In general, surface areas were higher for materials prepared from FA (29.0-59.2 m(2)/g) than for MK (5.3-12.8 m(2)/g). Total pore volumes ranged from 0.034-0.104 cc/g for MK-based materials and from 0.077-0.089 cc/g for FA-based materials. For MK-based geopolymers, curing under ambient conditions resulted in a single, broad pore size distribution (PSD) between 250-500 angstrom. PSDs for MK-based geopolymers cured using thermal or moist methods were bimodal with broad peaks between approximately 60-250 angstrom and 250-500 angstrom. For FA-based geopolymers, a single, broad PSD was observed and ranged from 20-100 angstrom for ambient temperature cured materials and 40-200 angstrom for materials cured under thermal or moist conditions. The observed pore size distributions were accompanied by a shift to higher wavenumber in the position of the main geopolymer band in the ATR-FTIR spectra of geopolymer materials after thermal or moist curing, indicating a higher concentration of Si-O-Si bonds formed in the materials cured at elevated temperatures. These results suggest that the observed PSDs result from Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si bond formation during curing and are affected by the curing conditions. C1 [Metroke, Tammy L.] Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Henley, Michael V.; Hammons, Michael I.] US Air Force Lab, Airbase Technologies Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Metroke, TL (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94410-3; 978-0-470-92191-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 10 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBQ59 UT WOS:000307874300003 ER PT S AU Metroke, TL Evans, B Eichler, J Hammons, MI Henley, MV AF Metroke, Tammy L. Evans, Brian Eichler, Jeff Hammons, Michael I. Henley, Michael V. BE Kriven, WM Zhou, Y Radovic, M Mathur, S Ohji, T TI EFFECT OF SYNTHESIS PARAMETERS AND POST-CURE TEMPERATURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMERS CONTAINING SLAG SO STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID BLAST-FURNACE SLAG AB The effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) preparation method (wet, dry, milled) on the mechanical strength of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers was determined as a function of post-cure thermal exposure temperature. Slag preparation method affected the mechanical strength of FA-GGBFS geopolymers containing 20-40 % GGBFS, wet > dry > milled. FA-based geopolymers containing 20-40 % wet or dry GGBFS or 20 % milled GGBFS exhibited higher compressive strengths than the binder materials at temperatures < 1000 degrees C. Results indicate that the addition of GGBFS led to a decrease in the extent of thermal stress cracking of FA-based geopolymers after thermal exposure to 1000 degrees C. Slag preparation method likely influences the rate of release of calcium species from the slag and may affect the calcium silicate-calcium aluminosilicate gel ratio in the geopolymer product, the amount of slag available to function as a microaggregate, the porosity characteristics of the gel product, and the material's mechanical strength. C1 [Metroke, Tammy L.; Evans, Brian; Eichler, Jeff] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Metroke, TL (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94410-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 10 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBQ59 UT WOS:000307874300011 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Novak, KA Barnes, PN AF Levin, G. A. Novak, K. A. Barnes, P. N. TI The effects of superconductor-stabilizer interfacial resistance on the quench of a current-carrying coated conductor SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH CONTACT RESISTANCE; NORMAL ZONE; YBCO TAPES; PROPAGATION AB We present the results of numerical analysis of a model of normal zone propagation in coated conductors. The main emphasis is on the effects of increased contact resistance between the superconducting film and the stabilizer on the speed of normal zone propagation, the maximum temperature rise inside the normal zone, and the stability margins. We show that with increasing contact resistance the speed of normal zone propagation increases, the maximum temperature inside the normal zone decreases, and stability margins shrink. This may have an overall beneficial effect on quench protection quality of coated conductors. We also briefly discuss the propagation of solitons and development of the temperature modulation along the wire. C1 [Levin, G. A.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Novak, K. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 AR 014021 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/014021 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 530SA UT WOS:000272611400022 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Abraimov, D Kametani, F Larbalestier, DC Rupich, MW AF van der Laan, D. C. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. Abraimov, D. Kametani, F. Larbalestier, D. C. Rupich, M. W. TI The effect of strain on grains and grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCED CRITICAL CURRENTS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; AXIAL-STRAIN; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-STRAIN; MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB The role of grains and grain boundaries in producing reversible strain effects on the transport current critical current density (J(c)) of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors that are produced with metal-organic deposition (MOD) was investigated. The strain (epsilon) dependence of J(c) for full-width coated conductors is compared with that for samples in which the current transport was limited to a few or single grain boundaries by cutting narrow tracks with a laser or focused ion beam, as well as with thin films deposited on bicrystalline SrTiO3 substrates by use of pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Our results show that the dependences of J(c) on epsilon for the grains and for the grain boundaries from the two kinds of YBCO samples can be expressed by the same function, however with a greater effective tensile strain at the grain boundaries than in the grains. The really striking result is that the grain boundary strain is 5-10 times higher for grain boundaries of in situ PLD grown bicrystals as compared to the aperiodic, meandered, nonplanar grain boundaries that develop in ex situ grown MOD-YBCO in the coated conductor of this study. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abraimov, D.; Kametani, F.; Larbalestier, D. C.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Rupich, M. W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01598 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX The work at NIST and at FSU was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 AR 014004 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/014004 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 530SA UT WOS:000272611400005 ER PT S AU Semiatin, SL Sargent, GA AF Semiatin, S. L. Sargent, G. A. BE Sanders, DG TI Constitutive Modeling of Low-Temperature Superplastic Flow of Ultrafine Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Material SO SUPERPLASTICITY IN ADVANCED MATERIALS SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn & Educ Outreach Program, ICSAM 2009 Comm DE Low-temperature superplasticity; constitutive behavior; flow hardening; dynamic spheroidization; flow-localization analysis ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALLOY AB The low-temperature superplastic flow behavior of two lots of Ti-6Al-4V sheet with an ultrafine microstructure was modeled. One lot (Sheet A) had an equiaxed-alpha starting microstructure; the flow stress/flow hardening exhibited by this material was explained on the basis of the Bird-Mukherjee-Dorn constitutive equation. The other material (Sheet B), having a mixed equiaxed- and remnant-lamellar alpha microstructure, underwent flow softening, flow hardening, or steady-state flow depending on test temperature and strain rate. These behaviors were interpreted in the context of a dynamic spheroidization model. The apparent flow softening at the end of all of the flow curves was explained using a simple flow-localization model. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sargent, G. A.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil; gordon.sargent@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AF [FA8650-04-D-5235] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. J. Fuller, program manager) and conducted as part of the in-house R&D of the Metals Processing Group of AFRLs Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. One of the authors (GAS) was supported under AF contract FA8650-04-D-5235. The assistance of P.N. Fagin, J.F. Betten, and A. Zane in conducting the experiments and technical discussions with A.K. Ghosh (University of Michigan), P.N. Comley, and D.G. Sanders (Boeing Company) are greatly appreciated. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2010 VL 433 BP 235 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.433.235 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BPU10 UT WOS:000279945300026 ER PT B AU Williams, D Brown, K Henderson, J Barrett, R AF Williams, Daphne Brown, Kandi Henderson, James Barrett, Robert BA Brown, K Hall, WL Snook, M Garvin, K BF Brown, K Hall, WL Snook, M Garvin, K TI Performance-Based Contract Crafting SO SUSTAINABLE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND RESTORATION: DECISION CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Barrett, Robert] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-096301-3 PY 2010 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-797-9.00023-X PG 13 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEP76 UT WOS:000317652500026 ER PT B AU Brown, K Hall, WL Barrett, R Gobb, P AF Brown, Kandi Hall, William L. Barrett, Robert Gobb, Patrick BA Brown, K Hall, WL Snook, M Garvin, K BF Brown, K Hall, WL Snook, M Garvin, K TI Portfolio Risk Management Analysis SO SUSTAINABLE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND RESTORATION: DECISION CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Barrett, Robert] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-096301-3 PY 2010 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-797-9.00024-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEP76 UT WOS:000317652500027 ER PT B AU Brown, K Garvin, K Saslow, A Barrett, R AF Brown, Kandi Garvin, Kathy Saslow, Adam Barrett, Robert BA Brown, K Hall, WL Snook, M Garvin, K BF Brown, K Hall, WL Snook, M Garvin, K TI The Sustainable Asset Accounting System SO SUSTAINABLE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND RESTORATION: DECISION CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Saslow, Adam] Plexus Logist Int, Sustainabil Programs, Alexandria, VA USA. [Barrett, Robert] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-096301-3 PY 2010 BP 465 EP 484 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-797-9.00025-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEP76 UT WOS:000317652500028 ER PT S AU Zeringue, CM Dajani, I AF Zeringue, Clint M. Dajani, Iyad BE Titterton, DH Richardson, MA TI A Theoretical Investigation of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Phase-Modulated Fiber Amplifiers SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures VII CY SEP 22-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE, Electro Magnet Remote Sensing Defence Technol Ctr, SFO DE Stimulated Brillouin Scattering; Phase Modulation; Fiber Lasers ID INITIATION; WAVES AB We report on theoretical and numerical investigations of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers. A theoretical framework is presented which involves a nonlinear triply-coupled time-dependent system of equations containing the optical, Stokes, and phonon fields. We examine short fibers where previous approximations for long fibers cannot be made. We consider modulation frequencies and linewidths starting at approximately the Brillouin gain bandwidth and all the way up to frequencies of the order of the Brillouin resonance frequency. We provide simulations showing the SBS suppression factor as a function of modulation amplitude and frequency for a single-sinusoidal modulator. C1 [Zeringue, Clint M.; Dajani, Iyad] USAF, Res Lab, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, CM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Adv Elect Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8354-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7836 AR 78360O DI 10.1117/12.868228 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BTP52 UT WOS:000287711600019 ER PT S AU Golden, EM Rapp, RJ AF Golden, Eric M. Rapp, Ronald J. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI Effective and Apparent Temperature Calculations and Performance Analysis of Mid-wave Infrared Light Emitting Diodes for use in Infrared Scene Projection SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Mid-wave Infrared; Light Emitting Diodes; Infrared Scene Projection; Light Emitting Diode Arrays AB Recent advancements in gallium antimonide light emitting diode (LED) arrays have opened the way for the development of LED-based infrared scene projectors. Infrared LED array technology offers the opportunity for high frame rates, broad dynamic range, and high apparent temperatures. Since LEDs are narrow-band devices, relative to blackbody emitters, performance of an LED-based infrared scene projector is highly dependent on how effective and apparent temperatures are calculated in a detector system being tested. Because of this dependence, methods used to compute effective and apparent temperatures are reviewed and applied to published radiometric data from a gallium antimonide LED array. These calculations are used to investigate the effects of detector spectral response, emitter array fill factor, emitter radiant flux distribution, and detector aperture size on the apparent temperature of the LED array. This investigation leads into an analysis of the potential performance advantages and technical challenges of an LED-based infrared scene projector system. C1 [Golden, Eric M.; Rapp, Ronald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Golden, EM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM eric.golden@eglin.af.mil; ronald.rapp@eglin.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 766304 DI 10.1117/12.849754 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600004 ER PT S AU Keen, W Tanner, M Coker, C Crow, D AF Keen, Wayne Tanner, Michael Coker, Charles Crow, Dennis BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI GPU based synthetic scene generation for maritime environments SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE GPU; KHILS; HWIL; SWIL AB Hardware and software in the loop modeling of maritime environments involves a wide variety of complex physical and optical phenomenology and effects. The scale of significant effects to be modeled range from the order of centimeters for capillary type waves and turbulent wake effects up to many meters for rolling waves. In addition, wakes for boats and ships operating at a wide variety of speeds and conditions provide additional levels of scene complexity. Generating synthetic scenes for such a detailed, multi-scaled and dynamic environment in a physically realistic yet computationally tractable fashion represents a significant challenge for scene generation tools. In this paper, next generation scene generation codes utilizing personal computer (PC) graphics processors with programmable shaders as well as CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) and OpenCL (Open Computing Language) implementations will be presented. C1 [Keen, Wayne; Coker, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Keen, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630O DI 10.1117/12.851782 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600023 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Breeden, MF Crider, DH Steely, SL Nicholson, RA Labello, JM AF Lowry, H. S. Breeden, M. F. Crider, D. H. Steely, S. L. Nicholson, R. A. Labello, J. M. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI Projection Technologies for Imaging Sensor Calibration, Characterization, and HWIL Testing at AEDC SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; cryovacuum chamber AB The characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing of imaging sensors require continual involvement in the development and evaluation of radiometric projection technologies. Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) uses these technologies to perform hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing with high-fidelity complex scene projection technologies that involve sophisticated radiometric source calibration systems to validate sensor mission performance. Testing with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) transfer radiometer (BXR) and Missile Defense Agency (MDA) transfer radiometer (MDXR) offers improved radiometric and temporal fidelity in this cold-background environment. The development of hardware and test methodologies to accommodate wide field of view (WFOV), polarimetric, and multi/hyperspectral imaging systems is being pursued to support a variety of program needs such as space situational awareness (SSA). Test techniques for the acquisition of data needed for scene generation models (solar/lunar exclusion, radiation effects, etc.) are also needed and are being sought. The extension of HWIL testing to the 7V Chamber requires the upgrade of the current satellite emulation scene generation system. This paper provides an overview of pertinent technologies being investigated and implemented at AEDC. C1 [Lowry, H. S.; Breeden, M. F.; Crider, D. H.; Steely, S. L.; Nicholson, R. A.; Labello, J. M.] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. EM heard.lowry@arnold.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 766303 DI 10.1117/12.848945 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600003 ER PT S AU Tanner, MA Keen, WA AF Tanner, Michael A. Keen, Wayne A. BE Buford Jr, JA Murrer Jr, RL TI Exploiting current-generation graphics hardware for synthetic-scene generation SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE scene generation; graphics processing; parallel processing AB Increasing seeker frame rate and pixel count, as well as the demand for higher levels of scene fidelity, have driven scene generation software for hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) and software-in-the-loop (SWIL) testing to higher levels of parallelization. Because modern PC graphics cards provide multiple computational cores (240 shader cores for a current NVIDIA Corporation GeForce and Quadro cards), implementation of phenomenology codes on graphics processing units (GPUs) offers significant potential for simultaneous enhancement of simulation frame rate and fidelity. To take advantage of this potential requires algorithm implementation that is structured to minimize data transfers between the central processing unit (CPU) and the GPU. In this paper, preliminary methodologies developed at the Kinetic Hardware In-The-Loop Simulator (KHILS) will be presented. Included in this paper will be various language tradeoffs between conventional shader programming, Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and Open Computing Language (OpenCL), including performance trades and possible pathways for future tool development. C1 [Tanner, Michael A.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Tanner, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8127-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7663 AR 76630P DI 10.1117/12.851798 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSP41 UT WOS:000285288600024 ER PT J AU Thal, AE Shahady, DE AF Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Shahady, David E. TI Innovation in a military research laboratory: an initial exploratory study SO TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE innovation; innovation barriers; innovative culture; fostering innovation; science and technology ID DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; PUBLIC-SECTOR; MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; TAXONOMY; PARADOX; FIRMS; MODEL AB Many organisations recognise the importance of innovation yet still struggle with what it means to be innovative. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to report the results of an exploratory study to examine perceptions regarding the practice of innovation in the US Air Force's science and technology (S&T) community. To relate our research to theory, we used the dynamic capabilities framework as a lens to interpret the results. Based on our research, the primary reasons the S&T community pursues innovation are a desire to be state-of-the-art, better use technology and respond to the customer. However, innovation was not well integrated into their business and technology strategies, which may result in ad hoc innovation efforts that are incongruent. Therefore, the S&T community may be better served by providing its workforce the organisational processes to better facilitate game-changing innovation. C1 [Thal, Alfred E., Jr.; Shahady, David E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thal, AE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM al.thal@afit.edu NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-7325 J9 TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG JI Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manage. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.1080/09537320903498512 PG 17 WC Management; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 549WS UT WOS:000274085700005 ER PT J AU Thal, AE Bedingfield, JD AF Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Bedingfield, John D. TI Successful project managers: an exploratory study into the impact of personality SO TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE project manager; job performance; personality; five-factor model ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; PERSONNEL-SELECTION; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; VALIDITY; RATINGS; SEARCH; MODEL AB Although the literature is replete with studies regarding project success, there appears to be little information regarding the effect of the project manager's personality, specifically as determined by peer assessments. Therefore, this paper reports the results of an exploratory study to investigate the influence of project manger personality traits, as determined by the Five-Factor Model (FFM), on project manager success. Perceptions of both personality and project manager success were analysed using Student's t-test, a correlation matrix, and hierarchical generalised linear modelling (HGLM). The results indicated that two of the FFM personality traits, Conscientiousness and Openness, seemed to positively correlate with project manager success. Emotional Stability, another personality trait, was found to be significant with the difference of means test but not the HGLM effort. Finally, the remaining FFM traits, Extraversion and Agreeableness, did not appear to correlate with project manager success. C1 [Thal, Alfred E., Jr.; Bedingfield, John D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thal, AE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM al.thal@afit.edu NR 73 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7325 EI 1465-3990 J9 TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG JI Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manage. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 243 EP 259 DI 10.1080/09537320903498587 PG 17 WC Management; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 549WS UT WOS:000274085700009 ER PT S AU Haji-saeed, B Khoury, J Buchwald, W Woods, C Wentzell, S Krejca, B Kierstead, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Khoury, Jed Buchwald, Walter Woods, Charles Wentzell, Sandra Krejca, Brian Kierstead, John BE Lampin, JF Decoster, DJ Razeghi, M TI Optically-Electrically Pumped THz Source SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications CY AUG 01-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state tunable lasers; surface plasmon; plasmonic ID SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB In this paper, we propose a design for a widely tunable solid-state optically and electrically pumped THz source based on the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser. Our design consists of a thin dielectric layer sandwiched between an upper corrugated structure and a lower layer of thin metal, semiconductor, or high electron mobility material. The lower layer is for current streaming, which replaces the electron beam in the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser design. The upper layer consists of two micro-gratings for optical pumping, and a nano-grating to couple with electrical pumping in the lower layer. The optically generated surface plasmon waves from the upper layer and the electrically induced surface plasmon waves from the lower layer are then coupled. Emission enhancement occurs when the plasmonic waves in both layers are resonantly coupled. C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Khoury, Jed; Buchwald, Walter; Woods, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Haji-saeed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8259-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7763 AR 776309 DI 10.1117/12.859704 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU90 UT WOS:000285842400007 ER PT S AU Fiorino, ST Grice, PM Krizo, MJ Bartell, RJ Haiducek, JD Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Grice, Phillip M. Krizo, Matthew J. Bartell, Richard J. Haiducek, John D. Cusumano, Salvatore J. BE Anwar, M Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Lab Measurements to Support Modeling Terahertz Propagation in Brownout Conditions SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS IV: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems IV - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defence CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE atmospheric effects; brownout; optical properties; THz imaging; atmospheric transmission AB Brownout, the loss of visibility caused by dust and debris introduced into the atmosphere by the downwash of a helicopter, currently represents a serious challenge to U. S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, where it has been cited as a factor in the majority of helicopter accidents. Brownout not only reduces visibility, but can create visual illusions for the pilot and difficult conditions for crew beneath the aircraft. Terahertz imaging may provide one solution to this problem. Terahertz frequency radiation readily propagates through the dirt aerosols present in brownout, and therefore can provide an imaging capability to improve effective visibility for pilots, helping prevent the associated accidents. To properly model the success of such systems, it is necessary to determine the optical properties of such obscurants in the terahertz regime. This research attempts to empirically determine, and measure in the laboratory, the full complex index of refraction optical properties of dirt aerosols representative of brownout conditions. These properties are incorporated into the AFIT/CDE Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) software, allowing this program to more accurately assess the propagation of terahertz radiation under brownout conditions than was done in the past with estimated optical properties. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Grice, Phillip M.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Bartell, Richard J.; Haiducek, John D.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8135-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7671 AR 76710W DI 10.1117/12.849728 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSL71 UT WOS:000284871000023 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Haji-Saeed, B Woods, C Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles Kierstead, John BE Anwar, M Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Grating THz Laser with Optical Pumping SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS IV: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems IV - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defence CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE solid-state tunable lasers; surface plasmon; plasmonic ID SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB In this paper, we present a design for a widely tunable solid-state optically and electrically pumped THz laser based on the Smith-Purcell free-electron laser. In the free-electron laser, an energetic electron beam pumps a metallic grating to generate surface plasmons. Our solid-state optically pumped design consists of a thin layer of dielectic, such as SiNx, sandwiched between a corrugated structure and a thin metal or semiconductor layer. The lower layer is for current streaming, and replaces the electron beam in the original design. The upper layer consists of one micro-grating for coupling the electromagnetic field in, another for coupling out, and a nano-grating for coupling with the current in the lower layer for electromagnetic field generation. The surface plasmon waves generated from the upper layer by an external electromagnetic field, and the lower layer by the applied current, are coupled. Emission enhancement occurs when the plasmonic waves in both layers are resonantly coupled. C1 [Khoury, Jed; Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8135-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7671 AR 76710Q DI 10.1117/12.849445 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSL71 UT WOS:000284871000019 ER PT J AU Michael, G AF Michael, George TI On Nuclear Terrorism SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Michael, George] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Michael, G (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 669 EP 671 DI 10.1080/09546553.2010.517723 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 697WR UT WOS:000285551000017 ER PT S AU Ferguson, JB Anderson, DP Strong, KL AF Ferguson, J. B. Anderson, D. P. Strong, K. L. BE Gaal, DS Gaal, PS TI Thermoelectric Properties of Carbon Fibers SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 30:THERMAL EXPANSION 18 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/18th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2009 CL Anter Corp, Pittsburgh, PA HO Anter Corp ID GRAPHITE; THERMOPOWER; MODEL AB Thermal and structural properties of carbon fibers and modified carbon fibers are investigated. The Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity depend on the transport mechanism of the charge carriers which are in turn affected by the underlying structure present within the carbon fiber. Proposed mechanisms and their influence on the thermal properties will be discussed. The feasibility of using the thermopower to characterize the fiber or yarn structure is investigated. The structures are characterized by SEM and x-ray diffraction. Thermopower is determined in comparison to a standard reference (constantan). C1 [Ferguson, J. B.; Strong, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferguson, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-60595-015-0 J9 THERM COND PY 2010 VL 30 BP 768 EP 773 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BWD72 UT WOS:000293683600078 ER PT S AU Roy, AK Ganguli, S Sihn, S Varshney, V Farmer, B AF Roy, A. K. Ganguli, S. Sihn, S. Varshney, V. Farmer, B. BE Gaal, DS Gaal, PS TI Interface Thermal Resistance in Joints with Metalized Carbon Nanotubes SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 30:THERMAL EXPANSION 18 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/18th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2009 CL Anter Corp, Pittsburgh, PA HO Anter Corp DE thermal conductivity; carbon nanotubes; interfaces; joints ID MANAGEMENT AB The thermal transport in joints, like in any heterogeneous materials interface, is essentially controlled by the phonon scattering phenomena at the materials interfaces due to the interface materials property mismatch. The thermal property mismatch at the materials interface, in the molecular scale, is primarily dictated by the phonon density of state across the interface. In this study, the interface materials configuration for tailoring the thermal properties of composite materials with nano constituents is presented. A continuum based materials modeling using the finite element analysis (FEM) is performed to identify the effect of materials constituent scale as well as the nano constituent surface functionalization on the interface thermal transport phenomena. It is observed that the effect of surface functionalization towards establishing covalent bonding, especially metallic bond, between the nano constituent surfaces with the matrix (such as polymers) is extremely important in enhancing the interface thermal conductance. Approximately a reduction of 480 times in interface thermal resistance was achieved through incorporating metalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in the adhesive joint configuration. C1 [Roy, A. K.; Ganguli, S.; Sihn, S.; Varshney, V.; Farmer, B.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-60595-015-0 J9 THERM COND PY 2010 VL 30 BP 774 EP 778 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BWD72 UT WOS:000293683600079 ER PT S AU Narvaez, JA Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE Wilkens, RJ AF Narvaez, J. A. Gschwender, L. J. Snyder, C. E. Wilkens, R. J. BE Gaal, DS Gaal, PS TI Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids Using Three Different Techniques SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 30:THERMAL EXPANSION 18 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/18th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2009 CL Anter Corp, Pittsburgh, PA HO Anter Corp ID DIFFUSIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT AB In order to determine the reliability of thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids, distilled water, MIL-PRF-87252 -a formulated poly alpha olefin (PAO) based coolant-, and alumina/PAO nanofluids have been tested using three transient techniques: laser flash, transient hot disk, and transient hot wire. For each technique the theoretical background, apparatus description, experimental results, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. C1 [Narvaez, J. A.; Gschwender, L. J.; Snyder, C. E.; Wilkens, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmetall Mat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Narvaez, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmetall Mat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-60595-015-0 J9 THERM COND PY 2010 VL 30 BP 857 EP 867 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BWD72 UT WOS:000293683600089 ER PT S AU Montheillet, F Damamme, G Piot, D Semiatin, SL AF Montheillet, F. Damamme, G. Piot, D. Semiatin, S. L. BE Chandra, T Wanderka, N Reimers, W Ionescu, M TI Modeling Grain Boundary Mobility during Dynamic Recrystallization of Metallic Alloys SO THERMEC 2009, PTS 1-4 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials (THERMEC)/2nd Symposium Session on Multiscale Mechanical Modelling of Complex Materials and Engineering Applications CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) DE dynamic recrystallization; solute drag; Zener pinning; grain boundary mobility; modeling AB A simple analytical model is proposed for estimating grain boundary mobility during dynamic recrystallization in metallic alloys The combined effects of solutes (solute drag) and second phase particles (Zener pinning) on mobility are considered The approach is based on (and is consistent with) a recently published mesoscale model of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization The dependence of grain boundary mobility on solute concentration and particle size is summarized in the form of two-dimensional maps. C1 [Montheillet, F.; Piot, D.] Ecole Mines St Etienne, CNRS, Ctr SMS, UMR 5146, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. [Damamme, G.] CEA DAM, Ctr lle de France, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Semiatin, S. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Montheillet, F (reprint author), Ecole Mines St Etienne, CNRS, Ctr SMS, UMR 5146, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA [08-S587-002-C1]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was conducted as part of a research program on the modeling of the thermomechanical processing of superalloys, supported by Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA, under Contract No 08-S587-002-C1. The support and encouragement of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) is also greatly appreciated. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 638-642 BP 2303 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.2303 PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQH93 UT WOS:000281043801048 ER PT S AU Damamme, G Piot, D Montheillet, F Semiatin, SL AF Damamme, Gilles Piot, David Montheillet, Frank Semiatin, S. Lee BE Chandra, T Wanderka, N Reimers, W Ionescu, M TI A Model of Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization and Its Application for Nickel Alloys SO THERMEC 2009, PTS 1-4 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials (THERMEC)/2nd Symposium Session on Multiscale Mechanical Modelling of Complex Materials and Engineering Applications CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) DE dynamic recrystallization; grain boundary mobility; modeling; aerospace applications; superalloys; nickel niobium alloys (Ni-Nb) AB A simple mesoscale model was developed for discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. The material is described on a grain scale as a set of N (variable) spherical grains. Each grain is characterized by two internal variables: its diameter and dislocation density (assumed homogeneous within the grain) Each grain is then considered in turn as an inclusion, embedded in a homogeneous equivalent matrix, the properties of which are obtained by averaging over all the grains. The model includes: (i) a grain boundary migration equation driving the evolution of gram size via the mobility of gram boundaries, which is coupled with (ii) a dislocation-density evolution equation, such as the Yoshie-Laasraoui-Jonas or Kocks-Meckmg relationship, involving strain hardening and dynamic recovery, and (iii) an equation governing the total number of grams in the system due to the nucleation of new arms The model can be used to predict transient and steady-state flow stresses, recrystallized fractions, and grain-size distributions. A method to fit the model coefficients is also described. The application of the model to pure Ni is presented. C1 [Damamme, Gilles] CEA DAM, Ctr Ile France, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Piot, David; Montheillet, Frank] Ecole Natl Super Mines, Ctr SMS, CNRS UMR 5146, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. [Semiatin, S. Lee] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Damamme, G (reprint author), CEA DAM, Ctr Ile France, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Universal Technology Corporation; Universal Technology Corporation,Dayton; OH; USA [08-S587-002-C1]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) FX This work was conducted as part of a research program on the modeling of the thermomechanical processing of superalloys, supported by Universal Technology Corporation,Dayton, OH, USA, under Contract No 08-S587-002-C1. The support and encouragement of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) is also greatly appreciated. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 638-642 BP 2543 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.2543 PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQH93 UT WOS:000281043801087 ER PT S AU Piot, D Montheillet, F Semiatin, SL AF Piot, David Montheillet, Frank Semiatin, S. Lee BE Chandra, T Wanderka, N Reimers, W Ionescu, M TI Rheological Behavior of Pure Binary Ni-Nb Model Alloys SO THERMEC 2009, PTS 1-4 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials (THERMEC)/2nd Symposium Session on Multiscale Mechanical Modelling of Complex Materials and Engineering Applications CY AUG 25-29, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) DE Superalloys; Rheology; Dynamic Recrystallization; Torsion Tests; Strain Hardening; Dynamic Recovery; Ni-Nb Alloys; Hot Working AB This experimental work deals with the influence of niobium additions to high purity nickel on dynamic recrystallization behavior during hot working. Various high-purity alloys were prepared (unalloyed Ni and Ni-0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 wt % Nb) and deformed to high strains by hot torsion tests to characterize the theological behavior within the range 800 1000 degrees C at strain rates of 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 s(-1). Niobium additions strongly increased the flow stress. To quantify such behavior, the strain-hardening parameter h and dynamic-recovery parameter r in the Yoshie-Laasraoui-Jonas constitutive equation were determined from the initial part of the experimental stress-strain curves (i e., at strains before the stress peak) in which dynamic recrystallization does not alter the mechanical behavior. A table showing the variation of h and r as a function of strain rate, temperature, and niobium content was compiled and used to fit a simple empirical model for predicting h and r from the deformation conditions and alloy composition. In addition, microstructures were determined by optical metallography and SEM/EBSD. Based on this work, it appears that niobium additions noticeably refine the steady-state grain size by considerably decreasing the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization in nickel. C1 [Piot, David; Montheillet, Frank] Ecole Natl Super Mines, Ctr SMS, CNRS, UMR 5146, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. [Semiatin, S. Lee] US Air Force, Res Lab, RX AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Piot, D (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Mines, Ctr SMS, CNRS, UMR 5146, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne 2, France. EM PIOT@EMSE.fr; MONTHEIL@EMSE.fr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD) [FA8655-03-M-4061, FA8655-06-M-4001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD) under contracts No FA8655-03-M-4061 and No FA8655-06-M-4001. The support and encouragement of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) is also greatly appreciated. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 638-642 BP 2700 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.638-642.2700 PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQH93 UT WOS:000281043801113 ER PT S AU Thomas, EL Song, XY Yan, YG Martin, J Wong-Ng, W Ratcliff, M Barnes, PN AF Thomas, Evan L. Song, Xueyan Yan, Yonggao Martin, Joshua Wong-Ng, Winnie Ratcliff, Margaret Barnes, Paul N. BE Baniecki, JD Snyder, GJ Malen, JA Tuller, HL TI Study of Nanostructure Inclusion Effects on the Thermoelectric Behavior of Ca3Co4O9 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 2010 - GROWTH, PROPERTIES, NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium DD on Thermoelectric Materials -Growth, Properties, Novel Characterization Methods, and Applications at MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA AB The influence of incorporating nanoparticulate additions into Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition using composite targets of CCO and CCO + 3wt% BaZrO3 (BZO) on Si and LaAlO3 substrates is investigated. X-ray data and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy reveal preferred c-axis orientation of the films deposited on Si substrates with the formation of nanoparticles between similar to 10 - 50 nm. Preliminary thermoelectric behavior shows an enhancement of the power factor alpha(2)/rho at room temperature. The microstructure and thermoelectric behavior of the CCO films are compared to the BZO-doped films. C1 [Thomas, Evan L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Song, Xueyan] West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Yan, Yonggao; Martin, Joshua; Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Div Ceram, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ratcliff, Margaret] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Barnes, Paul N.] Air Force Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, EL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding support for this research is partially provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Special thanks to John Murphy, Lyle Brunke and Charles Ebbing of UDRI for technical support. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40670-4; 978-1-60511-244-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1267 DI 10.1557/PROC-1267-DD10-14 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BG9NS UT WOS:000393457200034 ER PT S AU Daniels, R AF Daniels, Reginald BE Javidi, B Son, JY Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD TI Wearable Computer Technology For Dismounted Applications SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING, VISUALIZATION, AND DISPLAY 2010 AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Three-Dimensional Imaging, Visualization, and Display 2010 and Display Technologies and Applications for Defence, Security, and Avionics IV CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE wearable computer; wearable computer display; ultra mobile computers; small computing devices AB Small computing devices which rival the compact size of traditional personal digital assistants (PDA) have recently established a market niche. These computing devices are small enough to be considered unobtrusive for humans to wear. The computing devices are also powerful enough to run full multi-tasking general purpose operating systems. This paper will explore the wearable computer information system for dismounted applications recently fielded for ground-based US Air Force use. The environments that the information systems are used in will be reviewed, as well as a description of the net-centric, ground-based warrior. The paper will conclude with a discussion regarding the importance of intuitive, usable, and unobtrusive operator interfaces for dismounted operators. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Daniels, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, 2610 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Reginald.Daniels@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8154-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7690 AR 76901F DI 10.1117/12.849256 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS84 UT WOS:000285717500046 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Zetocha, P Aleva, D AF Desjardins, Daniel D. Zetocha, Paul Aleva, Denise BE Javidi, B Son, JY Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD TI Command and control displays for space vehicle operations SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING, VISUALIZATION, AND DISPLAY 2010 AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Three-Dimensional Imaging, Visualization, and Display 2010 and Display Technologies and Applications for Defence, Security, and Avionics IV CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB This paper shall examine several command and control facility display architectures supporting space vehicle operations, to include TacSat 2, TacSat 3, STPSat 2, and Communications Navigation Outage Forecasting System (CNOFS), located within the Research Development Test & Evaluation Support Complex (RSC) Satellite Operations Center 97 (SOC-97) at Kirtland Air Force Base. A principal focus is to provide an understanding for the general design class of displays currently supporting space vehicle command and control, e. g., custom, commercial-off-the-shelf, or ruggedized commercial-off-the-shelf, and more specifically, what manner of display performance capabilities, e. g., active area, resolution, luminance, contrast ratio, frame/refresh rate, temperature range, shock/vibration, etc., are needed for particular aspects of space vehicle command and control. Another focus shall be to address the types of command and control functions performed for each of these systems, to include how operators interact with the displays, e. g., joystick, trackball, keyboard/mouse, as well as the kinds of information needed or displayed for each function. [Comparison with other known command and control facilities, such as Cheyenne Mountain and NORAD Operations Center, shall be made.] Future, anticipated display systems shall be discussed. C1 [Desjardins, Daniel D.; Zetocha, Paul; Aleva, Denise] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.desjardins@kirtland.af.mil; paul.zetocha@kirtland.af.mil; denise.aleva@wpafb.af.mil; daniel.desjardins@kirtland.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8154-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7690 AR 76901B DI 10.1117/12.855463 PG 18 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS84 UT WOS:000285717500042 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Most, MC AF Desjardins, Daniel D. Most, Marvin C. BE Javidi, B Son, JY Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD TI Cost of Ownership for Military Cargo Aircraft Using a Common Versus Disparate Display Configuration SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING, VISUALIZATION, AND DISPLAY 2010 AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Three-Dimensional Imaging, Visualization, and Display 2010 and Display Technologies and Applications for Defence, Security, and Avionics IV CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB A 2009 paper considered possibilities for applying a common display suite to various front-line bubble canopy fighters, whereas further research suggests the cost savings, post Milestone C production/deployment, might not be advantageous. The situation for military cargo and tanker aircraft, may offer a different paradigm. The primary objective of Defense acquisition is to acquire quality products that satisfy user needs with measurable improvements to mission capability and operational support, in a timely manner, and at a fair and reasonable price. DODD 5000.01 specifies that all participants in the acquisition system shall recognize the reality of fiscal constraints, viewing cost as an independent variable. DoD Components must therefore plan programs based on realistic projections of the dollars and manpower likely to be available in future years and also identify the total costs of ownership, as well as the major drivers of total ownership costs. In theory, therefore, this has already been done for existing cargo/tanker aircraft programs accommodating independent, disparate display suites. This paper goes beyond that stage by exploring total costs of ownership for a hypothetical common approach to cargo/tanker display avionics, bounded by looking at a limited number of such aircraft, e. g., C-5, C-17, C-130H (variants), and C-130J. It is the purpose of this paper to reveal whether there are total cost of ownership advantages for a common approach over and above the existing disparate approach. Aside from cost issues, other considerations, i.e., availability and supportability, may also be analyzed. C1 [Desjardins, Daniel D.; Most, Marvin C.] Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Area B, Bldg 498, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.desjardins@kirtland.af.mil; marvin.most@wpafb.af.mil; daniel.desjardins@kirtland.af.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8154-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7690 AR 769018 DI 10.1117/12.853416 PG 25 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS84 UT WOS:000285717500040 ER PT B AU House, JW Bingert, JF Flater, PJ O'Brien, JM Hosford, WF DeAngelis, RJ Harris, RC AF House, J. W. Bingert, J. F. Flater, P. J. O'Brien, J. M. Hosford, W. F. DeAngelis, R. J. Harris, R. C. GP TMS TI RECRYSTALLIZATION OF TANTALUM PROCESSED BY EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING SO TMS 2010 139TH ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2: MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, COMPUTATION AND MODELING AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TMS 2010 Annual Meeting Supplemental Proceedings on Materials Processing and Properties CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA DE Tantalum; Equal Channel Angular Pressing; ECAP; ECAE; Recrystallization ID TEXTURE AB Current ingot refinement and solidification techniques used in commercially pure tantalum processing often result in a product with a heterogeneous microstructure and associated inconsistencies in mechanical properties. An example of the heterogeneous structure is the texture banding observed in forged tantalum disks. These bands alternate between regions dominated by <100> or <111> oriented grains relative to the plate normal. The current study examined if severe plastic deformation of pure tantalum via Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) reduces the texture banding in the recrystallized microstructure. The materials of interest are 63 mm (2.5-inch) diameter round bars of tantalum supplied by H.C. Starck and Cabot. These bars were processed eight times through a 135-degree ECAP die using route C (180 degrees rotation between each pass) and then forged into 6.3 mm (0.25-inch) thick disks. A series of annealing coupons were sectioned from the disks and vacuum annealed for one hour at temperatures ranging from 700 degrees C to 1250 degrees C. Hardness measurements taken on the coupons revealed a 150 degrees C difference in annealing response of the tantalum obtained from the two vendors. The annealing coupons were sectioned and examined using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD). These data were used to analyze structural features on the meso and macro scale. The role of high and low angle grain boundaries on the recrystallization process will be discussed. C1 [House, J. W.; Flater, P. J.; Harris, R. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP House, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-752-0 PY 2010 BP 765 EP 772 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BUB37 UT WOS:000288718300096 ER PT B AU Oxley, ME Suter, BW AF Oxley, Mark E. Suter, Bruce W. BE Poularikas, AD TI Zak Transform SO TRANSFORMS AND APPLICATIONS HANDBOOK, THIRD EDITION SE Electrical Engineering Handbook Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIME; SIGNALS C1 [Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6653-1 J9 ELECTR ENG HANDB SER PY 2010 D2 10.1201/9781420066531 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BSQ40 UT WOS:000285384900016 ER PT J AU Hammons, MI Saeed, A AF Hammons, Michael I. Saeed, Athar TI Expedient Spall Repair Methods and Equipment for Airfield Pavements SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Selected equipment and procedures were evaluated to expedite repair of spalls with rapid-setting materials. The objective was to develop one or more methods to excavate and prepare a 2-ft(2) x 4-in, deep spall for placement of a rapid-setting repair material in 15 min or less. A secondary objective was to correlate various excavation methods with a relative life expectancy of the repair. For five excavation methods, 2-fe(2) x 4-in, deep spalls were excavated in triplicate. The spalls were subsequently repaired with a commonly used rapid-setting spall repair material. The efficacy of the repair methods and equipment were evaluated on the basis of petrographic examination of the substrate excavation, production rate, total production rate, in situ tensile pull-off strength, direct shear bond strength, and performance under simulated F-15E wheel loading. Each of the methods evaluated had a significant improvement in production rate over the 30-lb jackhammer, the standard Department of Defense spall repair excavation method. The most efficient method was a cold planer, which, on average, was approximately 58% more efficient than the jackhammer. Of the methods evaluated, only the cold planer could meet the requirement of excavating a 2-ft(2) x 4-in, deep spall in no more than 15 min. C1 [Hammons, Michael I.; Saeed, Athar] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hammons, MI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 104 Res Rd,Bldg 9742, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Michael.Hammons@tyndall.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2155 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.3141/2155-07 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 691JB UT WOS:000285075000007 ER PT J AU Rosado, L Forster, NH Thompson, KL Cooke, JW AF Rosado, Lewis Forster, Nelson H. Thompson, Kevin L. Cooke, Jason W. TI Rolling Contact Fatigue Life and Spall Propagation of AISI M50, M50NiL, and AISI 52100, Part I: Experimental Results SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Rolling Element Bearings; Gas Turbine Engines; Rolling Contact Fatigue; Fatigue Crack Propagation; Hybrid Ceramic Bearings; Oil Debris Monitoring ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BEARING; SURFACE; STEEL; MODEL; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; PREDICTION AB This article is the first part of a three-part series that investigates the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) initiation and spall propagation characteristics of three bearing materials, namely, AISI 52100, VIM-VAR AISI M50, and VIM-VAR M50NiL steels. Although there is substantial prior work published on the rolling contact fatigue initiation of these materials, little has been published on their spall propagation characteristics after spall initiation. It is recognized that rapid spall growth can lead to catastrophic bearing failure. Hence, understanding the spall growth phase and factors that may cause accelerated growth rates is key to achieving a reliable and robust bearing design. The end goal is to identify control parameters for optimizing bearing materials for improved spall growth resistance. This first part study features the experimental results from 208-size (40 mm bore) angular-contact ball bearings endurance life tested at maximum Hertzian contact stress levels of 3.10 GPa and bearing outer race temperatures up to 131 degrees C. Spall propagation experiments were conducted on new and life tested bearings at 2.10 and 2.41 GPa maximum contact stress. Spall propagation experiments show that all materials exhibit a rapid or critical spall growth rate after undergoing an initial low-rate spall growth period. The time-to-critical growth rate is dependent on contact stress and was swiftest in AISI 52100 steel. To better understand the underlying physics, the driving factors, and failure mechanisms, the state of stress is modeled using finite element analysis in Part II and an in-depth microstructural analysis of selected bearings is presented in Part III. C1 [Rosado, Lewis; Forster, Nelson H.; Thompson, Kevin L.; Cooke, Jason W.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosado, L (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Elizabeth Cooke and John Imundo of the Timken Company for providing theM50NiL bearings and microstructural and case profile results. Thanks also to Hitesh Trivedi of UES, Inc., for conducting the fatigue life rig tests, data acquisition, and photomicrographs and to Chris Klenke of AFRL for the SEM micrographs. This work was funded by the Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 EI 1547-397X J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1080/10402000903226366 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 528XN UT WOS:000272480400004 ER PT J AU Arakere, NK Branch, N Levesque, G Svendsen, V Forster, NH AF Arakere, Nagaraj K. Branch, Nathan Levesque, George Svendsen, Vaughn Forster, Nelson H. TI Rolling Contact Fatigue Life and Spall Propagation of AISI M50, M50NiL, and AISI 52100, Part II: Stress Modeling SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Spall Propagation; Ball Bearings; Contact Mechanics; Fatigue Analysis; Bearing Steels; Gas/Jet Engines; Impact Wear; Rolling-Contact Fatigue; Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis; Finite Element Analysis ID SILICON-NITRIDE; OBLIQUE IMPACT; TECHNOLOGY; FAILURE; SPHERE AB This is the second part of a three-part series that investigates the rolling contact fatigue initiation and spall propagation characteristics of three bearing materials, namely, AISI 52100, VIM-VAR M50, and VIM-VAR M50NiL steels. A systematic investigation of the effects of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on the evolution of material properties and microstructural changes resulting in spall propagation rate has not been conducted. As a first step toward understanding spall propagation, we present stress distribution in the neighborhood of a spall initiated by RCF by an indent on a hybrid 40-mm ball bearing. Elastic and elastic-plastic subsurface stress fields are computed using finite element models that incorporate the full three-dimensional (3D) ball-raceway geometry. The stress fields predicted indicate extensive yielding around the spall edges. The spall is shown to widen first axially across the width of the race-way, causing the ball to unload as it enters the spall. The effect of the potential impact on the spall trailing edge is also considered. The proposed scenario involves repeated application of contact stress resulting from a combination of ball static and the impact loads results in extensive plastic deformation of the spall trailing edge, leading to degradation and release of material resulting in spall propagation. C1 [Arakere, Nagaraj K.; Branch, Nathan; Levesque, George] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Svendsen, Vaughn; Forster, Nelson H.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arakere, NK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU Air Force Research Labs (AFRL), Dayton, OH; University of Florida FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Labs (AFRL), Dayton, OH. The authors, affiliated with the University of Florida, would like to thank ASEE/AFOSR summer faculty and accompanying graduate student fellowship program for their support and for allowing them to complete this work at AFRL during the summer of 2007. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1080/10402000903226325 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 528XN UT WOS:000272480400005 ER PT J AU Forster, NH Rosado, L Ogden, WP Trivedi, HK AF Forster, Nelson H. Rosado, Lewis Ogden, William P. Trivedi, Hitesh K. TI Rolling Contact Fatigue Life and Spall Propagation Characteristics of AISI M50, M50 NiL, and AISI 52100, Part III: Metallurgical Examination SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Fatigue Analysis; Rolling Element Bearings; General; Rolling-Contact Fatigue; XRD ID BALL-BEARINGS AB This is the third part of a three-part series that investigates the rolling contact fatigue initiation and spall propagation characteristics of three bearing materials, namely, AISI 52100, VIM-VARM50, and VIM-VAR M50 NiL steels. Though there is substantial prior work published on the rolling contact fatigue initiation of these materials, little is known about their spall propagation characteristics after spall initiation. In Part III, 208-size, 40-mm-bore bearings are examined for changes in appearance of the microstructure as well as residual stress as a function of depth in the circumferential direction. The correlations between the experimental results from Part I and computer modeling in Part II are made. C1 [Forster, Nelson H.; Rosado, Lewis] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ogden, William P.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Trivedi, Hitesh K.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Forster, NH (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1080/10402000903226317 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 528XN UT WOS:000272480400006 ER PT B AU Covas, CM Gaska, JP Geri, GA Shamp, ME Pierce, BJ AF Covas, Christine M. Gaska, James P. Geri, George A. Shamp, Megan E. Pierce, Byron J. BE Niall, KK TI Detection Threshold of Visual Displacement in a Networked Flight Simulator SO VISION AND DISPLAYS FOR MILITARY AND SECURITY APPLICATIONS: THE ADVANCED DEPLOYABLE DAY/NIGHT SIMULATION PROJECT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Networked flight simulators facilitate team training by creating exercise environments and simulations representative of real-world operations. However, networked simulators are often plagued by connectivity issues, such as constant and variable network delay. Network delay can cause positional discrepancies or visual jitter in the flight path of a moving model which could effect pilots overall perception of fidelity of motion. To provide a realistic team-training environment, simulators are networked enabling trainees to perform exercises emulating real-world conditions. When simulators are networked, especially over large geographical areas, interactions between them become more complicated. Three important issues related to the realism of time must be considered when networking simulators: the timing consistency of the virtual world, delays, and the overall representation of time in a simulator. The level of realism of an entity in a networked simulator depends upon factors such as network delay, thresholds used to determine when a simulated position error should be corrected, and algorithms used to correct position errors. These factors can interact and produce positional discrepancies between the position provided by a local model of an entity, which is used to render the entity, and the actual position of the entity. The correction of positional discrepancies via the use of smoothing within the Image Generator (IG) results in a positional displacement of the rendered entity [Lin et al. (Proceedings of the 1995 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Flight Simulation Technologies Conference 83-87, 1995)]. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the detection threshold of positional error or displacement threshold as a function of distance from eyepoint, and positional smoothing performed by the IG. This data will contribute to a larger research paradigm to assess the impact of network parameters on task performance in a flight simulation environment. The results of this experiment show that increasing simulated distance increases the amount of displacement, in simulation space, required to detect target aircraft motion. However, when the displacement was expressed in units of visual angle, the effect of simulated distance was not significant, indicating that the thresholds were determined by angular displacement. Additionally, under the conditions used in this study, smoothing approximately doubled angular displacement thresholds. Under all conditions, displacement thresholds were small approximately 2 arcmin for the unsmoothed condition and 4 arcmin for the smoothed condition. This translates into displacement thresholds of 1/2 pixel and 1 pixel for the unsmoothed and smoothed conditions, respectively. In fact, studies performed under optimal conditions report displacement thresholds of 2 arcsec. The finding that smoothing, which decreases target velocity, increased the displacement threshold is not surprising. Smoothing is used in a networked environment to reduce the visual saliency of the displacement and provide a more realistic looking flight path to an observer. However, the smoothed flight path will provide a less accurate representation of the true flight path. The high sensitivity of the visual system in detecting displacement shown in this study and others suggests that the positional error of the smoothed flight path can be encoded by the visual system and could, therefore result in performance degradation. Furthermore, because the smoothed flight path looks realistic it may alter a pilot's performance whereas the unrealistic jump with smoothing disabled can be easily discounted by the pilot. Therefore the benefits and advantages of smoothing are still subject to debate and to future research. This experiment is the first in a series of experiments designed to determine the effect of network conditions on flight tasks in a networked simulator training environment. At the Air Force Research Laboratory in Mesa, AZ we are conducting a detailed evaluation of the actual physical positional discrepancies that occur as a function of the overall load of the network. This evaluation will allow us to compare our results from the present experiment to actual positional discrepancies that would manifest as a result of network load. C1 [Covas, Christine M.; Shamp, Megan E.; Pierce, Byron J.] USAF, Res Lab, Immers Environm Branch, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Gaska, James P.; Geri, George A.] Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Covas, CM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Immers Environm Branch, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM Christine.Covas@mesa.afmc.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1722-5 PY 2010 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1723-2_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1723-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BNU72 UT WOS:000275612800007 ER PT B AU Gaska, JP Geri, GA Winterbottom, MD Pierce, BJ AF Gaska, James P. Geri, George A. Winterbottom, Marc D. Pierce, Byron J. BE Niall, KK TI Evaluation of the Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Digital Projectors for use in Full-Field Flight Simulation SO VISION AND DISPLAYS FOR MILITARY AND SECURITY APPLICATIONS: THE ADVANCED DEPLOYABLE DAY/NIGHT SIMULATION PROJECT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Digital projectors based on liquid crystal or micro-mirror technologies provide higher spatial resolution than the CRTs typically used in flight-simulator applications. However, their temporal response is limited by long hold-times. Hold-time is the interval that pixels are activated during each frame, and it is related to both the design of the driver circuitry and the display itself. Long hold-times result in the blurring of moving imagery, which can affect the detection and identification of simulated targets as well as the perceived realism of simulated scenes. Described here are the results of an evaluation of several digital projectors that implement various techniques for reducing pixel hold-time. The evaluation included estimates of both spatial and temporal resolution, as well as perceptual tests used to assess the validity of those estimates. The techniques described here can be used to assess the potential utility of candidate projectors for a given simulator application. The following projectors were tested: ferro-electric liquid crystal on silicon (FLCoS), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), liquid crystal (LCD), digital light projector (DLP, a digital micro-mirror device, or DMD), and cathode ray tube (CRT). The hold-time of the FLCoS and LCD projectors was varied using mechanical shutters, and the hold-time of the DLP projector was varied using an electronic shutter. The CRT and LCD projectors were used mainly for comparison and so their hold-times were not varied. The number of resolved lines for the projectors tested ranged from about 1,200 lines for the CRT projector to about 4,000 lines for the DLP and LCoS projectors. Projector hold-times ranged from less than 1 ms for the CRT to about 16.7 ms (i.e., the full video frame) for the LCD. For the CRT projector, perceived blur, as measured using the moving-line test, increased from about 5 to 12 arcmin as target speed increased from about 5 to 68 deg/s. For the LCD, LCoS, and DLP projectors tested with hold-times of over 10 ms, perceived blur increased from 5 to 10 arcmin for target speeds below 10 deg/s to 40-60 arcmin for target speeds greater than about 50 deg/s. As hold-time was decreased for the LCoS and DLP projectors, perceived blur also decreased, although the decrease was generally proportional to target speed. For the LCoS and DLP projectors, perceived blur was not significantly different from that of a CRT when hold-time was reduced to about 4-6 ms. The threshold roll-detection magnitudes were about 10, 14, and 16 deg for aircraft-target speeds of 8, 17.5, and 35 deg/s, respectively. These data indicate a clear correlation between the roll-detection data and both the temporal-response measurements and the moving-line test data. The U.S. Air Force and Navy are considering, or are in the process of, replacing CRT displays with digital displays for use in flight simulators. However, low temporal resolution and concomitant moving-image blur is a significant problem for the use of these digital displays. The display evaluation techniques developed at AFRL, Mesa provide a relatively simple way to objectively measure both display spatial and temporal resolution, and additionally, to predict their perceptual consequences. The results of these evaluations show that, for all projector types tested, reducing hold-time to about 4-6 ms effectively reduced moving-image blur to that of a CRT projector, which is currently the accepted standard for projector temporal response. Finally, the results of the temporal-resolution measurements were found to correlate with performance on an air-to-air task that is representative of those performed in full-field flight simulators. In order to assess projectors in applied settings, analogous tasks will need to be devised and implemented for the flight simulators of interest. C1 [Gaska, James P.; Geri, George A.] Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Winterbottom, Marc D.; Pierce, Byron J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Gaska, JP (reprint author), Link Simulat & Training, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM james.gaska@mesa.afmc.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1722-5 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1723-2_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1723-2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BNU72 UT WOS:000275612800008 ER PT S AU Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Khoury, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Khoury, Jed BE Rahman, Z Reichenbach, SE Neifeld, MA TI A Differential Interpolation Image Correction Approach for Bidirectional Resonant Scanners SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XIX CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE interpolation; scanning; image processing AB We have developed a differential interpolation method for correcting sinusoidally scanned distorted images. In our approach, the scanned image is processed by a line-by-line interpolation technique based on differentiation. As a natural consequence of the method, the image can be divided into four domains/zones perpendicular to the scan direction. The domain boundaries are set by our interpolation algorithm. Each domain is corrected using its specific algorithm; corrected domains are reassembled to construct the corrected image. The implementation of this algorithm shows that, for our 100 pixel wide test image, it is possible to retrieve at least 97.45% of the original image, as measured by the recovered energy, which is superior to the established methods we have applied to this problem. C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Woods, Charles L.; Khoury, Jed] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Haji-Saeed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8165-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7701 AR 77010F DI 10.1117/12.849463 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSO07 UT WOS:000285051200013 ER PT J AU Donovan, J AF Donovan, John TI The Cold War US Army: Building Deterrence for Limited War SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Donovan, John] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donovan, J (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 541KY UT WOS:000273415800015 ER PT B AU Noga, AJ AF Noga, Andrew J. BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Hashimoto, S Lesso, W Zinn, CD TI A Method of Short-Segment Fourier Analysis SO WMSCI 2010: 14TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE z-transform; Fourier transform; matrix pencil; Prony; spectrogram AB Traditional approaches to overcoming the reduced frequency resolution inherent in short-segment analyses can be generally categorized as utilizing various forms of: i) demodulation; and/or ii) signal modeling and decomposition. After taking into account characteristics of simple poles, the model-based approach is revisited. By observing the nature of complex-valued poles resulting from the z-transform of discrete sequences, we find a fundamentally new approach to obtaining Fourier representations for short segment lengths. A remarkable result is that the new reduced component-bandwidth representation not only provides super-resolution for well modeled signals, it also admits Dirac delta functions as spectral components. C1 [Noga, Andrew J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Noga, AJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-99-2 PY 2010 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7LE UT WOS:000391419900024 ER PT B AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid BE Callaos, N Chu, HW Lesso, W Zinn, CD TI MATHEMATICAL EQUIVALENCE OF EVOLUTION AND DESIGN SO WMSCI 2010: 14TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL IV (POST-CONFERENCE EDITION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst ID HEURISTICS AB "Every one who is seriously involved in the pursuit of science becomes convinced that a spirit is manifest in the laws of the Universe." This Einsteinian statement remains outside of science. Our current understanding of the mind mechanisms have come close to explaining spirituality from the scientific point of view. In this paper a theory is presented which is a mathematical breakthrough, overcoming decades of limitations in AI, pattern recognition, neural networks, and other attempts to model the brain-mind. Solutions to engineering problems are presented that have overcome previous difficulties in terms of computational complexity. These solutions result in orders of magnitude improvement in detection, prediction, tracking, fusion, and learning situations. The theory is also extended to higher cognitive functions. It models the knowledge instinct operating in the hierarchy of the human brain-mind. At the top are concepts unifying our entire knowledge; we perceive them as concepts of the meaning and purpose of our existence. This theory is formulated mathematically as dynamic and equivalently as teleological. Experimental results supporting the theory are discussed. The theory overcomes various difficulties, including reductionism, which, in the past, interfered with the acceptance of scientific explanations of the spiritual. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-10-8 PY 2010 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7LC UT WOS:000391419700032 ER PT S AU Wrzesinski, PJ Pestov, D Lozovoy, VV Roy, S Gord, JR Dantus, M AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Pestov, Dmitry Lozovoy, Vadim V. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Dantus, Marcos BE Champion, PM Ziegler, LD TI Pulse Shaping Strategies for Single-beam CARS SO XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP NE Univ, Boston Univ & Photon Ctr, Horiba Sci, Thermo Sci, Bruker Opt C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Pestov, Dmitry; Lozovoy, Vadim V.; Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectra Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dantus, Marcos] Biophoto Solut Inc, E Lansing, MI 48864 USA. RP Wrzesinski, PJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA865009-C-2918] FX Funding provided by Air Force Research Laboratory Contract No. FA865009-C-2918. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0818-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1267 BP 154 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3482437 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQK65 UT WOS:000281210900084 ER PT J AU Ner, Y Navarathne, D Niedzwiedzki, DM Grote, JG Dobrynin, AV Frank, HA Sotzing, GA AF Ner, Yogesh Navarathne, Daminda Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz M. Grote, James G. Dobrynin, Andrey V. Frank, Harry A. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Stabilization of fluorophore in DNA thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DNA; dyes; fluorescence; thin films ID WAVE-GUIDES; DYE; COMPLEXES; FLUORESCENCE; NANOFIBERS; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; LASERS AB The photostability of the nonlinear optical dye, Hemi-22, improves upon encapsulation in DNA thin films. The interactions of Hemi-22 with DNA, along with the intrinsic properties of DNA are responsible for these remarkable improvements in the photostability of the dye in comparison to the dye in a poly(methyl methacrylate) as a control. C1 [Ner, Yogesh; Navarathne, Daminda; Dobrynin, Andrey V.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Navarathne, Daminda; Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz M.; Frank, Harry A.; Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dobrynin, Andrey V.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM g.sotzing@uconn.edu RI Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz/B-9035-2008; Dobrynin, Andrey/B-9472-2013 OI Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz/0000-0002-1976-9296; Dobrynin, Andrey/0000-0002-6484-7409 FU National Institutes of Health [GM-30353]; National Science Foundation; University of Connecticut Research Foundation; National Science Foundation [DMR0502928] FX The authors thank N. Ogata for the generous donation of salmon DNA samples. This work has been supported in the laboratory of HAF by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. GM-30353), the National Science Foundation, the University of Connecticut Research Foundation, and by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR0502928) in GAS laboratory. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 26 AR 263701 DI 10.1063/1.3262944 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 538XF UT WOS:000273216900076 ER PT J AU Yumusak, C Singh, TB Sariciftci, NS Grote, JG AF Yumusak, C. Singh, Th. B. Sariciftci, N. S. Grote, J. G. TI Bio-organic field effect transistors based on crosslinked deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gate dielectric SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dielectric materials; DNA; fullerenes; organic field effect transistors; purification; waste ID DEVICES AB Using DNA-based biopolymers purified from salmon waste, as an insulating layer, bio-organic field effect transistor (BiOFET) devices were fabricated. Such devices exhibit current-voltage characteristics with low operational voltages as compared with using other organic dielectrics. The observed hysteresis in transfer characteristics of such BiOFETs can be reduced using a crosslinking process. Such crosslinked DNA complex is used as a gate dielectric in n-type C(60) as well as p-type alpha-sexithiophene (T6) based BiOFETs. C1 [Yumusak, C.] Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Arts & Sci, TR-34210 Istanbul, Turkey. [Singh, Th. B.] CSIRO, Ian Wark Lab, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Sariciftci, N. S.] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, LIOS, Linz Inst Organ Solar Cells, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Grote, J. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yumusak, C (reprint author), Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Arts & Sci, Davutpasa Campus, TR-34210 Istanbul, Turkey. EM yumusak@yildiz.edu.tr RI Singh, Birendra/H-1595-2011; Yumusak, Cigdem/F-4074-2015 OI Yumusak, Cigdem/0000-0001-7207-1121 FU European Science Foundation (ESF) FX Cigdem Yumusak gratefully acknowledges the financial support of European Science Foundation (ESF Organisolar Project) for her scientific visit to Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) to perform these experimental studies. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 26 AR 263304 DI 10.1063/1.3278592 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 538XF UT WOS:000273216900060 ER PT J AU Zameroski, ND Rudolph, W Hager, GD Hostutler, DA AF Zameroski, Nathan D. Rudolph, Wolfgang Hager, Gordon D. Hostutler, David A. TI A study of collisional quenching and radiation-trapping kinetics for Rb(5p) in the presence of methane and ethane using time-resolved fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED ALKALI ATOMS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; INELASTIC COLLISIONS; RESONANCE RADIATION; RUBIDIUM; LASER; VAPOR; MOLECULES; MIXTURES; GASES AB An experimental study using time-resolved fluorescence techniques together with theoretical simulations has been conducted and used to determine the quenching cross-sections of rubidium-methane and rubidium-ethane. Radiation trapping was significant under many of the experimental conditions (temperatures 40-130 degrees C and pressures 50-700 Torr) and a detailed analysis of the interplay between radiation trapping and quenching kinetics was carried out. Modifications of the Holstein equation for radiation trapping were implemented to account for the quasi-2 level behaviour of the Rb atom for high buffer gas pressures, the absolute frequency-dependent absorption cross-section for Rb with variable buffer gas pressures which accounts for the hyperfine splitting of (87)Rb and modification of the trapping factors so that radiation trapping and quenching by an additive quenching gas could be treated simultaneously. Experimental results supported by theoretical simulations bound the quenching cross-sections (s) of methane and ethane at 40 degrees C to be sigma <= 0.019 angstrom(2) and sigma <= 0.033 angstrom(2), respectively. These values are nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported. C1 [Zameroski, Nathan D.; Rudolph, Wolfgang] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hager, Gordon D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zameroski, ND (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ndz103@hotmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA-955006-1-0508] FX In addition, they would like to express their thanks to Dr Mike Heaven at Emory University and Dr Glen Perram at the Air Force Institute of Technology for fruitful discussions. This research was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant number FA-955006-1-0508. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 24 AR 245401 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/24/245401 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 528NW UT WOS:000272454300013 ER PT J AU Aouadi, SM Luster, B Kohli, P Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Aouadi, S. M. Luster, B. Kohli, P. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Progress in the development of adaptive nitride-based coatings for high temperature tribological applications SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE Adaptive coatings; Nitrides; Sputtering; Wear; Friction ID CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; SOLID LUBRICANT MATERIALS; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; MO2N/AG NANOCOMPOSITE; AMBIENT ENVIRONMENTS; BEHAVIOR; SPACE; WEAR; HARD AB Adaptive tribological coatings were recently developed as a new class of smart materials that were designed to adjust their surface chemical composition and structure as a function of changes in the working environment to minimize friction coefficient and wear between contact surfaces. This paper provides an overview of the current research developments in this field, including: (1) Chameleon nanocomposite coatings which are produced by depositing a multi-phase structure whereby some of the phases provide mechanical strength and others are lubricious: (2) Micro- and nano-textured coatings which consist of hard nitride films with highly ordered micropores and nanopores that are subsequently filled with solid lubricants using various techniques such as lithography, reactive ion etching, laser texturing, pulsed air arc treatment, and ceramic beads as placeholders for sputter deposition; and, (3) Carbon and nitride nanotubes that are filled electrochemically with solid lubricants. The frictional and wear properties of the above three classes of newly developed adaptive structures, tested in various controlled environmental conditions (temperature, humidity), will be discussed in detail. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aouadi, S. M.; Luster, B.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Kohli, P.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 52 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 25 PY 2009 VL 204 IS 6-7 BP 962 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.010 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 533XO UT WOS:000272859500042 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY Fukui, K Carlson, HC Moen, JI Strangeway, RJ AF Zhou, X. -Y. Fukui, K. Carlson, H. C. Moen, J. I. Strangeway, R. J. TI Shock aurora: Ground-based imager observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOPAUSE BOUNDARY; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; DAYSIDE AURORA; PROTON; PRECIPITATION; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB This paper studies dayside shock aurora forms and their variations observed by the ground-based all-sky imager (ASI) in Svalbard on 30 November 1997. The interplanetary shock arrived at Earth when Svalbard was at similar to 1120 magnetic local time. The ASI detected an auroral intensification by a factor of 2 or more in both green and red line emissions within 5 min after the shock arrival. The intensified green emissions were mainly diffuse aurora on closed field lines. They were latitudinally below and adjacent to the red aurora, which was mainly in the form of arcs and beams along the magnetic east-west direction. The diffuse aurora expanded equatorward and eastward, and its intensity exceeded the red arcs that were at similar to 5 kR. We confirmed that the eastward propagating diffuse aurora was actually moved antisunward along the oval, which suggests that the antisunward propagating shock aurora seen in space is mainly diffuse aurora. The intense diffuse aurora could be caused by wave instabilities led by a temperature anisotropy and/or caused by an enlarged loss cone. After the shock arrival, the detected low-latitude boundary of the cusp moved equatorward at a speed of similar to 18 km min(-1). As a result, the cusp meridional width was doubled from similar to 0.8 degrees to 1.6 degrees in latitude in 10 min. This finding implies that a low-latitude reconnection occurred during the compression. In this study the auroral signatures and speculated mechanisms are consistent with those revealed by in situ particle and wave observations from FAST and DMSP. C1 [Zhou, X. -Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fukui, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Carlson, H. C.] AF Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Moen, J. I.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0313 Oslo, Norway. [Strangeway, R. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zhou, XY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xiaoyan.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov FU Norwegian Research Council; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-06-1-3060] FX The results reported here represent one aspect of research carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Xiaoyan Zhou thanks Adolfo F. Vinas for his helpful discussion about the interplanetary shock. Joran Moen thanks the Norwegian Polar Institute for hosting the University of Oslo's optical instrumentation at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, and thanks Espen Trondsen and Bjorn Lybekk at the University of Oslo for processing the optical data used in this paper. Financial support has been provided by the Norwegian Research Council and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant FA8655-06-1-3060. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A12216 DI 10.1029/2009JA014186 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536OQ UT WOS:000273054100001 ER PT J AU Fang, YN Wu, QZ Dickerson, MB Cai, Y Shian, S Berrigan, JD Poulsen, N Kroger, N Sandhage, KH AF Fang, Yunnan Wu, Qingzhong Dickerson, Matthew B. Cai, Ye Shian, Samuel Berrigan, John D. Poulsen, Nicole Kroeger, Nils Sandhage, Kenneth H. TI Protein-Mediated Layer-by-Layer Syntheses of Freestanding Microscale Titania Structures with Biologically Assembled 3-D Morphologies SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PRESERVING REACTIVE CONVERSION; DIATOM MICROSHELLS; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; BIOSILICA TEMPLATES; INORGANIC MATERIALS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GAS-SENSORS; TIO2 FILMS; THIN-FILMS; BIOMINERALIZATION AB A simple protein-mediated approach for preparing freestanding (silica free) microscale titania structures with morphologies inherited from complex-shaped, three-dimensional (3-D) biosilica templates (diatom frustules) is demonstrated. The silica diatom frustules were exposed in a repetitive alternating fashion to a silica-binding, titania-forming protein (protamine) and then to an aqueous titania precursor to build up a conformal titania-bearing coating. After organic pyrolysis at 500 degrees C, the conformal, continuous nature of the resulting crystalline anatase titania coating was confirmed by (i) demonstrating that a titania-coated frustule acted as a sensitive electrochemical hydrogen detector and (ii) selectively removing the silica templates to yield freestanding titania structures that retained the 3-D diatom frustule shape. C1 [Fang, Yunnan; Wu, Qingzhong; Dickerson, Matthew B.; Cai, Ye; Shian, Samuel; Berrigan, John D.; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dickerson, Matthew B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shian, Samuel; Poulsen, Nicole; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sandhage, KH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu RI Shian, Samuel/H-3168-2013; OI Poulsen, Nicole/0000-0002-4533-8860 FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Mark Spector, program manager), the Air Force Research Laboratory (Dr. Wallace Patterson, program manager), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Charles Lee, Dr. Hugh DeLong, program managers). Dr. Joseph M. Slocik (Air Force Research Laboratory, RXBN) is acknowledged for his assistance with XPS analyses. We also wish to thank Emily Malcolm for help with protein isolation. NR 67 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 24 BP 5704 EP 5710 DI 10.1021/cm9011525 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 530MR UT WOS:000272597500004 ER PT J AU Dajani, I Vergien, C Robin, C Zeringue, C AF Dajani, Iyad Vergien, Christopher Robin, Craig Zeringue, Clint TI Experimental and theoretical investigations of photonic crystal fiber amplifier with 260 W output SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; POWER; LASER AB We report on a polarization-maintaining narrow-linewidth high power ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier with an output as high as 260 W and a slope efficiency of approximately 74%. Measurements of the beam quality yielded M 2 values in the range of 1.2-1.3. The linewidth was determined at two different powers using an optical heterodyne detection technique and yielded values that were less than 10 KHz. Our maximum output power was pump limited and measurements of the reflected light indicated that we operated below the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold. Using a pump-probe technique, we estimated the Brillouin gain bandwidth to be approximately 68 MHz. In addition, the Brillouin gain spectrum revealed secondary peaks lying at the high-frequency side. In order to study the power limitations of our amplifier, we developed a detailed model that included a distributed noise source for the SBS process and a temperature gradient obtained via quantum defect heating. Our simulations indicated that for this particular fiber amplifier configuration an output power approaching 1 KW can be achieved. We also found that for forced air cooling the SBS threshold saturates regardless of the operating temperature of the polymer coating. Finally, we show that relatively small enhancement is obtained if a continuous transverse acoustic velocity gradient was implemented in conjunction with the thermal gradient. The latter conclusions drawn from our simulations also hold true for conventional fibers. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Vergien, Christopher; Robin, Craig; Zeringue, Clint] USAF, Res Lab, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Iyad.Dajani@kirtland.af.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HELJTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was partially funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HELJTO) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). We thank Tim Newell for help with the linewidth measurements and Tom Shay for fruitful discussions. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 26 BP 24317 EP 24333 DI 10.1364/OE.17.024317 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 538AO UT WOS:000273156200100 PM 20052142 ER PT J AU Posgai, R Ahamed, M Hussain, SM Rowe, JJ Nielsen, MG AF Posgai, Ryan Ahamed, Maqusood Hussain, Saber M. Rowe, John J. Nielsen, Mark G. TI Inhalation method for delivery of nanoparticles to the Drosophila respiratory system for toxicity testing SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; Drosophila; Inhalation model; Nanotoxicity; Hsp70 ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; TRANSLOCATION; EXPOSURE; EXPRESSION; INSECT; DAMAGE; MODEL; SIZE; RATS AB The growth of the nanotechnology industry and subsequent proliferation of nanoparticle types present the need to rapidly assess nanoparticle toxicity. We present a novel, simple and cost-effective nebulizer-based method to deliver nanoparticles to the Drosophila melanogaster respiratory system, for the purpose of toxicity testing. FluoSpheres(R), silver, and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles of different sizes were effectively aerosolized, showing the system is capable of functioning with a wide range of nanoparticle types and sizes. Red fluorescent CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles were successfully delivered to the fly respiratory system, as visualized by fluorescent microscopy. Silver coated and uncoated nanoparticles were delivered in a toxicity test. and induced Hsp70 expression in flies, confirming the utility of this model in toxicity testing. This is the first method developed capable of such delivery, provides the advantage of the Drosophila health model. and can serve as a link between tissue culture and more expensive mammalian models in a tiered toxicity testing strategy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Posgai, Ryan; Ahamed, Maqusood; Rowe, John J.; Nielsen, Mark G.] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,RHBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nielsen, MG (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Mark.Nielsen@notes.udayton.edu OI Ahamed, Maqusood/0000-0001-6025-1950 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0833953]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosciences and Protection Division, Applied Biotechnology (USAFRL/HEPB); University of Dayton FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET-0833953) and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosciences and Protection Division, Applied Biotechnology (USAFRL/HEPB) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN and the University of Dayton. The research described here was performed in University of Dayton/AFRL shared laboratory located at the university as a result of a CRADA agreement. We thank Dr. Mark Krasnow, Dr. Vikram Sudarsan, and Soren Peterson for their help with fly tracheal anatomy identification, and Dr. Amit Singh for providing technical assistance and microscopy expertise. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 408 IS 2 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530BS UT WOS:000272564500032 PM 19875151 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth TI One- and Two-Photon Spectra of Platinum Acetylide Chromophores: A TDDFT Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; PT-ETHYNYL COMPOUND; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; APPROXIMATION; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report one- (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) excitation energies and cross-sections for a series of platinum acetylides using time-dependent density functional theory. Because of the facile rotations of the trimethylphosphinyl and phenylene groups, we apply a Boltzmann-weighted average over thermally accessible conformations to obtain the final spectra, resulting in better agreement with experimental observations. We examine various basis sets and functionals to evaluate their performance in the gas-phase and in Solution. Effects of donor and acceptor groups oil the OPA and TPA resonances and intensities are also discussed. C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research has been Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by CPU time from the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center We gratefully acknowledge a copy of the Dalton program with the CAMB3LYP functional front Prof. Hans Agren and useful discussions with Dr. Joy Haley NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 17 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 50 BP 13943 EP 13952 DI 10.1021/jp905921v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 529ZY UT WOS:000272559800015 PM 19919077 ER PT J AU Tian, YD Peters-Lidard, CD Eylander, JB Joyce, RJ Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Hsu, KL Turk, FJ Garcia, M Zeng, J AF Tian, Yudong Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Eylander, John B. Joyce, Robert J. Huffman, George J. Adler, Robert F. Hsu, Kuo-lin Turk, F. Joseph Garcia, Matthew Zeng, Jing TI Component analysis of errors in satellite-based precipitation estimates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT; LAND; ALGORITHMS; PRODUCTS; SCALES; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB Satellite-based precipitation estimates have great potential for a wide range of critical applications, but their error characteristics need to be examined and understood. In this study, six (6) high-resolution, satellite-based precipitation data sets are evaluated over the contiguous United States against a gauge-based product. An error decomposition scheme is devised to separate the errors into three independent components, hit bias, missed precipitation, and false precipitation, to better track the error sources associated with the satellite retrieval processes. Our analysis reveals the following. (1) The three components for each product are all substantial, with large spatial and temporal variations. (2) The amplitude of individual components sometimes is larger than that of the total errors. In such cases, the smaller total errors are resulting from the three components canceling one another. (3) All the products detected strong precipitation (>40 mm/d) well, but with various biases. They tend to overestimate in summer and underestimate in winter, by as much as 50% in either season, and they all miss a significant amount of light precipitation (<10 mm/d), up to 40%. (4) Hit bias and missed precipitation are the two leading error sources. In summer, positive hit bias, up to 50%, dominates the total errors for most products. (5) In winter, missed precipitation over mountainous regions and the northeast, presumably snowfall, poses a common challenge to all the data sets. On the basis of the findings, we recommend that future efforts focus on reducing hit bias, adding snowfall retrievals, and improving methods for combining gauge and satellite data. Strategies for future studies to establish better links between the errors in the end products and the upstream data sources are also proposed. C1 [Tian, Yudong; Huffman, George J.; Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Eylander, John B.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Air & Space Models Integrat Branch, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. [Joyce, Robert J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hsu, Kuo-lin] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zeng, Jing] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Tian, YD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Mail Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yudong.tian@nasa.gov RI Garcia, Matthew/K-9286-2013; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Garcia, Matthew/0000-0002-9637-4204; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA; Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NRA-02-OES-05]; Air Force Weather Agency [MIPR F2BBAJ6033GB01] FX This research was supported in part by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Program and the Terrestrial Hydrology Program under solicitation NRA-02-OES-05 (PI: Peters-Lidard) and the Air Force Weather Agency MIPR F2BBAJ6033GB01 (PI: Peters-Lidard). The authors wish to thank Mathew Sapiano, Dan Braithwaite, Ying Lin, Pingping Xie, and Yelena Yarosh for assistance with data access and questions and three anonymous reviewers for their in-depth comments and suggestions. NR 44 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D24101 DI 10.1029/2009JD011949 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 535CN UT WOS:000272944300001 ER PT J AU Cunningham, JJ Kinner, NE Lewis, M AF Cunningham, Joseph J., III Kinner, Nancy E. Lewis, Maureen TI Protistan Predation Affects Trichloroethene Biodegradation in a Bedrock Aquifer SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; ELECTRON-DONORS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; TETRACHLOROETHENE; POPULATION; HYDROGEN AB Despite extensive research on the bottom-up force of resource availability (e. g., electron donors and acceptors), slow biodegradation rates and stalling at cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride continue to be observed in aquifers contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE). The objective of this research was to gauge the impact of the top-down force of protistan predation on TCE biodegradation in laboratory microcosms. When indigenous bacteria from an electron donor-limited TCE-contaminated bedrock aquifer were present, the indigenous protists inhibited reductive dechlorination altogether. The presence of protists during organic carbon-amended conditions caused the bacteria to elongate (length:width, >= 10:1), but reductive dechlorination was still inhibited. When a commercially available dechlorinating bacterial culture and an organic carbon amendment were added in he presence of protists, the elongated bacteria predominated and reductive dechlorination stalled at cDCE. When protists were removed under organic carbon-amended conditions, reductive dechlorination stalled at cDCE, whereas in the presence organic carbon and bacterial amendments, the total chlorinated ethene concentration decreased, indicating TCE was converted to ethene and/or CO2. The data suggested that indigenous protists grazed dechlorinators to extremely low levels, inhibiting dechlorination altogether. Hence, in situ bioremediation/bioaugmentation may not be successful in mineralizing TCE unless the top-down force of protistan predation is inhibited. C1 [Cunningham, Joseph J., III; Kinner, Nancy E.] Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lewis, Maureen] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Cunningham, JJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, 237 Gregg Hall,35 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM joseph.cunningham@unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NOS4190063]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [166011] FX This research was funded in part by grant NA04NOS4190063 to the Coastal Response Research Center from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and grant 166011 to the Bedrock Bioremediation Center from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. We acknowledge Sarah Lilley, Diana Catalina Quintero Pinzon, Stephen Druschel, Hillary Schmidle, Rachel McCarter, Mike Olson, and Tom Zakarian of the University of New Hampshire; Sandra Dworatzek of SiREM Laboratories; and Ronald Harvey, Mary Voytek, and Julie Kirshtein of the USGS for help with this research. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 24 BP 7588 EP 7593 DI 10.1128/AEM.01820-09 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 528FZ UT WOS:000272429100002 PM 19820148 ER PT J AU Grupen, M AF Grupen, Matt TI An alternative treatment of heat flow for charge transport in semiconductor devices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; charge exchange; fermion systems; field effect transistors; heat transfer ID SIMULATION; DIFFUSION AB A unique thermodynamic model of Fermi gases suitable for semiconductor device simulation is presented. Like other models, such as drift diffusion and hydrodynamics, it employs moments of the Boltzmann transport equation derived using the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. However, unlike other approaches, it replaces the concept of an electron thermal conductivity with the heat capacity of an ideal Fermi gas to determine heat flow. The model is used to simulate a field-effect transistor and show that the external current-voltage characteristics are strong functions of the state space available to the heated Fermi distribution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grupen, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.grupen@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR [LRIR 09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR Grant No. LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 12 AR 123702 DI 10.1063/1.3270404 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 538XB UT WOS:000273216500042 ER PT J AU McClung, AJW Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF McClung, Amber J. W. Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B. TI Effects of Prior Aging at 288 degrees C in Argon Environment on Time-Dependent Deformation Behavior of a Thermoset Polymer at Elevated Temperature, Part 2: Modeling with Viscoplasticity Theory Based on Overstress SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; creep; high-temperature materials; viscoelastic properties; polyimides ID TYPE-304 STAINLESS-STEEL; FREE-VOLUME THEORY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SOLID POLYMERS; CREEP; POLYCARBONATE; HISTORY AB The viscoplasticity based on overstress (VBO) is augmented to model the effects of prior isothermal aging in an argon environment on the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer. VBO is a unified state variable theory with growth laws for three state variables: the equilibrium stress, the kinematic stress and the isotropic stress. A systematic model characterization procedure based on a limited number of well defined experiments is employed to determine the VBO parameters. Experimental findings presented in Part I reveal the equilibrium stress and the kinematic stress to be affected by prior aging. Based on the experimental results, the isotropic stress is developed as a function of prior aging time. In addition, several VBO model parameters are made dependent on prior aging time. Comparison with experimental data demonstrates that the modified VBO successfully predicts the inelastic deformation behavior of the PMR-15 polymer subjected to prior isothermal aging for up to 2000 h. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc(dagger). J Appl Polym Sci 114: 3389-3395, 2009 C1 [McClung, Amber J. W.; Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Charles Lee Program Director, is highly appreciated. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 6 BP 3389 EP 3395 DI 10.1002/app.30922 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 506AY UT WOS:000270746000006 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Senkov, Oleg N. Miracle, Daniel B. TI Description of the fragile behavior of glass-forming liquids with the use of experimentally accessible parameters SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Oxide glasses; Silicates; Polymers and organics; Fragility; Viscosity ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; SILICATE LIQUIDS; HEAT-CAPACITY; VISCOUS-FLOW; VISCOSITY; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; DISORDER; MELTS AB The temperature dependence of viscosity of glass-forming liquids near the glass transition temperature T(g) (at which viscosity eta = 10(12) Pa s) is given by the fragility index m = dlog10'l/d(T(g)/T) T-T(x) which is unique for each material. Therefore, m should not depend on the type of the model functions used to describe the viscous behavior. Using this condition, we modified the three-fitting-parameter viscosity equations, i.e., Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) and Avramov equations, into one-fitting parameter equations. Both modified equations contain the glass transition temperature Tg and fragility index m as material constants, allowing a direct comparison of the modified equations, Experimental viscosity data are required over a wide temperature range to determine the three-fitting parameters of the VFT and Avramov equations, restricting their applicability. However, the modified equations developed here provide a convenient method of modeling the temperature dependence of viscosity by using the experimentally accessible parameters Tg and m. The modified one-fitting parameter equations were used to analyze viscous behavior of a number of oxide and organic glass-forming liquids. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that the modified Avramov equation describes the experimental data better than the modified VFT equation. Taking into account that the modified VFT equation predicts infinite viscosity at a finite temperature To. while the modified Avramov equation predicts a continuous increase in viscosity with a decrease in temperature down to the absolute zero, the obtained results may indicate that the oxide and organic super-cooled liquids do not experience dynamic divergence when they are cooled below the glass transition temperature. Strong physical interpretations are developed for all of the parameters used in present equations to model the temperature dependence of viscosity, giving an important improvement over earlier phenomenological models. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, Oleg N.; Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-04-D-5235] FX Numerous discussions with Prof. P. Richet and his generosity in providing the viscosity database for oxide glasses are much appreciated. This work was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. J. Fuller, Program Manager) and the Air Force on-site contract No. FA8650-04-D-5235 conducted through UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 355 IS 52-54 BP 2596 EP 2603 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.09.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 532PA UT WOS:000272760700012 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Intercalation of Solvent and Polymer in Galleries of Mobile Clay Platelets by a Monte Carlo Simulation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 234th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc DE bond fluctuating chains; bond-fluctuating sheet; chain; clay; clay galleries; clay platelet; coarse-grained model; composites; computer modeling; density; diffusion; intercalation; Monte Carlo simulation ID MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; MELT INTERCALATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; EXFOLIATION; DISPERSION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES; MATRIX; MODEL AB The intercalation of solvent particles and polymer chains of concentration C(w) = 0.2 and C(p) = 0.2, respectively, in a layer of (4) clay platelets is studied by a Monte Carlo simulation on a cubic lattice. Polymer chains and platelets are modeled by bond fluctuations. Besides the excluded volume, a set of polymer-clay (cs) and solvent-clay (ws) interactions with (i) cs = 1, ws = -2, (ii) cs = -2, ws = 1 and (iii) cs = ws = -2 are considered. The global dynamics of platelets is constrained due to the presence of three components, i.e., solvent, polymer, and platelets, which retain their interstitial spacing with well-defined galleries. Intercalation of solvent particles and polymer chains (low molecular weight) occurs with their attractive interaction with the platelets, which further reinforces the layered clay morphology The density profiles of the solvent particles are similar to previous studies with platelets in a mobile solvent. The density profile of polymerchains differs considerably from the platelets in a polymer matrix alone, particularly with its attractive interaction (ii) For the same attractive interaction of solvent and polymerchains with the clay platelets (iii), the solvent particles (the smallest constituents) intercalate the fastest in the clay galleries, whereas the intercalation of polymer chains decreases with their molecular weight The polymer density profiles, both longitudinal (x) and transverse (y), show maxima. peaks around outer platelets (surface) of the layer and decay sharply both in the adjacent galleries and in the bulk. The amplitude of oscillation in the transverse density profiles, a measure of the degree of intercalation, decreases with increasing molecular weight of the polymer. The intercalation of the polymer is driven by its attractive interaction at the low molecular weight, but reduces considerably at high molecular weight because of both entanglement and larger radius of gyration. Variations of the gyration radius of the diffusing polymer chains with molecular weight and interaction with the clay are consistent with the results of their corresponding density profiles (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 47 2487-2500, 2009 C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 47 IS 24 BP 2487 EP 2500 DI 10.1002/polb.21856 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 530AK UT WOS:000272561100008 ER PT J AU Balkundi, SS Veerabadran, NG Eby, DM Johnson, GR Lvov, YM AF Balkundi, Shantanu S. Veerabadran, Nalinkanth G. Eby, D. Matthew Johnson, Glenn R. Lvov, Yuri M. TI Encapsulation of Bacterial Spores in Nanoorganized Polyelectrolyte Shells SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIVING CELLS; MICROCAPSULES; FILMS AB Layer-by-layer assembly uses alternating charged layers of polyionic polymers to coat materials sequentially in a sheath of functionalized nanofilms. Bacterial spores were encapsulated in organized ultrathin shells using layer-by-layer assembly in order to assess the biomaterial as a suitable core and determine the physiological effects of the coating. The shells were constructed on Bacillus subtilis spores using biocompatible polymers polyglutamic acid, polylysine, albumin, lysozyme, gelatin A, prolamine sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate, The assembly process was monitored by measuring the electrical surface potential (zeta-potential) of the particles at each stage of assembly. Fluorescent laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of uniform coatings on the spores. The coating surface charge and thickness (20-100 nm) could be selectively tuned by using appropriate polymers and the number of bilayers assembled. The effect of each coating type oil germination was assessed and compared to native spores. The coated spores were viable, but the kinetics and extent of germination were changed from control spores in all instances. The results and insight gained from the experiments may be used to design various bioinspired systems. The spores call be made dormant for a desired amount of time using the LbL encapsulation technique and call be made active when appropriate. C1 [Balkundi, Shantanu S.; Veerabadran, Nalinkanth G.; Lvov, Yuri M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Balkundi, Shantanu S.; Veerabadran, Nalinkanth G.; Lvov, Yuri M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Biomed Engn Program, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Eby, D. Matthew; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Lvov, YM (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM ylov@latech.edu RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Science Directorate; NSF-EPSCoR [34768] FX S.S.B. was supported through a predoctoral fellowship administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Engineering. Work at Tyndall AFB was supported by funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (J. Gresham, Program Manager) and the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Science Directorate. This work was also supported by NSF-EPSCoR no. 34768. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 24 BP 14011 EP 14016 DI 10.1021/la900971h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 527UW UT WOS:000272394400042 PM 19469562 ER PT J AU Roy, S Kulatilaka, WD Richardson, DR Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Richardson, Daniel R. Lucht, Robert P. Gord, James R. TI Gas-phase single-shot thermometry at 1 kHz using fs-CARS spectroscopy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND CARS AB Single-laser-shot temperature measurements at a data rate of 1 kHz employing femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) spectroscopy of N(2) are demonstrated. The measurements are performed using a chirped-probe pulse to map the time-dependent frequency-spread dephasing of the Raman coherence, which is created by similar to 80-fs pump and Stokes beams, into the spectrum of the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signal pulse. Temperature is determined from the spectral shape of the fs-CARS signal for probe delays of similar to 2 ps with respect to the pump-Stokes excitation. The accuracy and precision of the measurements for the 300-2400 K range are found to be similar to 1%-6% and similar to 1.5%-3%, respectively. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Roy, Sukesh; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Richardson, Daniel R.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Phase II SBIR [FA8650-09-C-2918]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation (NSF); Combustion and Plasmas [0413623-CTS]; U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-03ER15391] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Phase II SBIR contract FA8650-09-C-2918; by the AFRL Nanoenergetics Program; by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Julian Tishkoff and Dr. Tatjana Curcic, Program Managers); by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Combustion and Plasmas Program, under award 0413623-CTS; and by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under grant DE-FG02-03ER15391. NR 6 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 24 BP 3857 EP 3859 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 533PO UT WOS:000272836900032 PM 20016637 ER PT J AU Brillson, LJ Dong, Y Doutt, D Look, DC Fang, ZQ AF Brillson, L. J. Dong, Y. Doutt, D. Look, D. C. Fang, Z. -Q. TI Massive point defect redistribution near semiconductor surfaces and interfaces and its impact on Schottky barrier formation SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Acad Sci DE Defects; Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy; Interfaces; Segregation; Schottky barriers ID N-TYPE; ZNO; STATES; TRANSITION AB Nanoscale depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy calibrated with deep level transient spectroscopy of native point defects and capacitance-voltage measurements of free carrier densities, all at the same metal-semiconductor interface, demonstrate that native point defects can (i) increase by order-of-magnitude in densities with tens of nanometers of the semiconductor surface, (ii) alter free carrier concentrations and band profiles with the surface space charge regions, and (iii) dominate the Schottky barrier formation for metal contacts to ZnO and many other single crystal compound semiconductors. The spatial redistribution of electrically active defects within the surface space charge can be understood in terms of temperature-dependent atomic diffusion enabled by low formation energies and driven by strain and electric fields as well as metal-specific chemical reactions near room temperature, consistent with first-principles calculations of interfacial segregation and migration barriers. These results underscore the importance of native point defects in charge transport and barrier formation at semiconductor interfaces. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brillson, L. J.; Dong, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, L. J.; Doutt, D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Look, D. C.; Fang, Z. -Q.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, D. C.] WPAFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Brillson, LJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM brillson.1@osu.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 23-24 BP 4768 EP 4773 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.08.151 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 574YE UT WOS:000276029300074 ER PT J AU Upadhyayula, VKK Deng, SG Mitchell, MC Smith, GB AF Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K. Deng, Shuguang Mitchell, Martha C. Smith, Geoffrey B. TI Application of carbon nanotube technology for removal of contaminants in drinking water: A review SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Adsorption; Biological contaminants; Carbon nanotubes; Point of use treatment; Drinking water; Water treatment ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; POINT-OF-USE; LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION; FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; ACTIVATED CARBON; MICROCYSTIN-LR; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; LOW-COST; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) adsorption technology has the potential to support point of use (POU) based treatment approach for removal of bacterial pathogens, natural organic matter (NOM), and cyanobacterial toxins from water systems. Unlike many microporous adsorbents, CNTs possess fibrous shape with high aspect ratio, large accessible external surface area, and well developed mesopores, all contribute to the superior removal capacities of these macromolecular biomolecules and microorganisms. This article provides a comprehensive review on application of CNTs as adsorbent media to concentrate and remove pathogens, NOM, and cyanobacterial (microcystin derivatives) toxins from water systems. The paper also surveys on consideration of CNT based adsorption filters for removal of these contaminants from cost, operational and safety standpoint. Based on the studied literature it appears that POU based CNT technology looks promising, that can possibly avoid difficulties of treating biological contaminants in conventional water treatment plants, and thereby remove the burden of maintaining the biostability of treated water in the distribution systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.] USAF, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Div, Res Labs, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. [Deng, Shuguang; Mitchell, Martha C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Smith, Geoffrey B.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Upadhyayula, VKK (reprint author), USAF, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Div, Res Labs, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. EM vupadhyayula@fairpoint.net RI Deng, Shuguang/G-5926-2011; Upadhyayula, Venkata Krishna/E-7549-2012; Mitchell, Martha/A-9002-2013 OI Deng, Shuguang/0000-0003-2892-3504; Mitchell, Martha/0000-0003-0054-1977 NR 120 TC 239 Z9 242 U1 20 U2 184 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 408 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.027 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526XP UT WOS:000272329700001 PM 19819525 ER PT J AU Conforti, PF Braunstein, M Dodd, JA AF Conforti, Patrick F. Braunstein, Matthew Dodd, James A. TI Energetics and Dynamics of the Reactions of O(P-3) with Dimethyl Methylphosphonate and Sarin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; HYPERTHERMAL REACTIONS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; HYDROCARBON SURFACE; METAL-OXIDES; PLUS ETHANE; DENSITY; ADSORPTION; OXYGEN; DMMP AB Electronic Structure and molecular dynamics calculations were performed on the reaction systems O(P-3) + sarin and O(P-3) + dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a sarin Simulant. Transition state geometries, energies, and heats of reaction for the major reaction pathways were determined at several levels of theory, including AM1, B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p), and CBS-QB3. The major reaction pathways for both systems are similar and include H-atom abstraction, H-atom elimination, and methyl elimination, in rough order from low to high energy. The H-atom abstraction channels have fairly low barriers (similar to 10 kcal mol(-1)) and are close to thermoneutral, while the other channels have relatively high energy barriers (>40 kcal mol(-1)) and a wide range of reaction enthalpies. We have also found a two-step pathway leading to methyl elimination through O-atom attack on the phosphorus atom for DMMP and sarin. For sarin, the two-step methyl elimination pathway is significantly lower in energy than the single-step pathway. We also present results of O(P-3) + sarin and O(P-3) + DMMP reaction cross sections over a broad range of collision energies (2-10 kms(-1) collision velocities) obtained using the direct dynamics method with an AM1 semiempirical potential. These excitation functions are intended as an approximate guide to future hyperthermal measurements, which to our knowledge have not yet examined either of these systems. The reaction barriers, reaction enthalpies, transition state Structures, and excitation functions are generally similar for DMMP and sarin, with some moderate differences for methyl elimination energetics, which indicates DMMP will likely be a good substitute for sarin in many O(P-3) chemical investigations. C1 [Conforti, Patrick F.; Braunstein, Matthew] Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Dodd, James A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Braunstein, M (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM matthew.braunstein@spectral.com FU DTRA/JSTO [BRCALL07-N-2-0029]; [FA8718-05-C-0077] FX This work was supported by a DTRA/JSTO basic research program award, BRCALL07-N-2-0029. M.B. and P.F.C. acknowledge support under Contract No. FA8718-05-C-0077. We would like to thank R. Dressler for his comments on the manuscript. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 49 BP 13752 EP 13761 DI 10.1021/jp903961b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 527AQ UT WOS:000272338600013 PM 19877689 ER PT J AU Sun, HS Chen, AT Szep, A Dalton, LR AF Sun, Haishan Chen, Antao Szep, Attila Dalton, Larry R. TI Efficient fiber coupler for vertical silicon slot waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; STRIP AB A mode size converter for efficient fiber coupling to silicon slot waveguides was proposed and demonstrated. It consists of two inverted lateral tapers that extend from the two strips of the silicon slot waveguide, and an overlaid low index waveguide with expanded mode size. Parameters including taper length and taper tip width were optimized with computer simulations. Samples were fabricated with a combined electron beam and photolithography process on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The measured coupling loss to a standard single mode optical fiber was reduced by 8 dB for TE mode and 5.2 dB for TM mode with the converter. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, Haishan; Chen, Antao] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Szep, Attila] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Dalton, Larry R.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sun, HS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM antaochen@apl.washington.edu RI Sun, Haishan/F-3322-2012 FU NSF Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research (CMDITR) [DMR-0120967]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-0101]; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported by NSF Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research (CMDITR), Grant Number DMR-0120967, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant Number FA9550-08-0101. This work was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 7 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 25 BP 22571 EP 22577 DI 10.1364/OE.17.022571 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 532PG UT WOS:000272761300033 PM 20052182 ER PT J AU McClung, AJW Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF McClung, Amber J. W. Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B. TI Effects of Prior Aging at 288 degrees C in Argon Environment on Time-Dependent Deformation Behavior of a Thermoset Polymer at Elevated Temperature, Part 1: Experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ageing; creep; high-temperature materials; viscoelastic properties; polyimides ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; WEIGHT-LOSS; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION AB The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, aged at 288 degrees C in argon environment for up to 2000 h was investigated. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of prior isothermal aging on monotonic loading and unloading at various strain rates. In addition, the relaxation response and the creep behavior of specimens subjected to prior aging of various durations were evaluated. All tests were performed at 288 degrees C. The time-dependent mechanical behavior of the PMR-15 polymer is strongly influenced by prior isothermal aging. The elastic modulus increased and the departure from quasi-linear behavior was delayed with prior aging time. Stress levels in the region of inelastic flow increased with prior aging time. Furthermore, prior aging significantly decreased the polymer's capacity for inelastic straining, including the material's capacity to accumulate creep strain. Conversely, the relaxation response was not affected by the prior aging. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 2956-2962, 2009 C1 [McClung, Amber J. W.; Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Contract grant sponsor: Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2956 EP 2962 DI 10.1002/app.30888 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 502YO UT WOS:000270497200045 ER PT J AU Li, HT Meziani, MJ Lu, FS Bunker, CE Guliants, EA Sun, YP AF Li, Heting Meziani, Mohammed J. Lu, Fushen Bunker, Christopher E. Guliants, Elena A. Sun, Ya-Ping TI Templated Synthesis of Aluminum Nanoparticles - A New Route to Stable Energetic Materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; NANOSCALE CAVITIES; PASSIVATION; GENERATION; REACTIVITY; PRODUCTS; SURFACE; ALANE AB Nanoscale structural cavities in ionomer membrane films were used as templates for the facile synthesis of small aluminum nanoparticles via catalytic decomposition of an alane precursor. The loading of reactive aluminum in the composite film could be varied, up to more than half of the film weight. While the embedded nanoparticles were protected by the membrane structure front any significant oxidation for the composite films to exhibit surprising stability in ambient air, they could be fully accessed in base water for the hydrogen production quantitatively. The templated synthesis may represent a new route for stable aluminum nanoparticles and related energetic nanomaterials. C1 [Li, Heting; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Li, Heting; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Meziani, MJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mmezian@clemson.edu; christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu OI Lu, Fushen/0000-0002-3323-7181 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; South Carolina Space Grant Consortium; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-07-1-0026] FX Financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanocnergetics program is gratefully acknowledged. Additional support from the South Carolina Space Grant Consortium (Y.-P.S.), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the program of Dr. Julian Tishkoff (C.E.B.), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) through Grant HDTRA-07-1-0026 (E.A.G.) are also acknowledged. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 48 BP 20539 EP 20542 DI 10.1021/jp908681p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 522ZJ UT WOS:000272038600004 ER PT J AU Van Devener, B Anderson, SL Shimizu, T Wang, H Nabity, J Engel, J Yu, J Wickham, D Williams, S AF Van Devener, B. Anderson, S. L. Shimizu, T. Wang, H. Nabity, J. Engel, J. Yu, J. Wickham, D. Williams, S. TI In Situ Generation of Pd/PdO Nanoparticle Methane Combustion Catalyst: Correlation of Particle Surface Chemistry with Ignition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-PHOTOEMISSION; SUPPORTED PALLADIUM; PD NANOPARTICLES; CO OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINA; OXYGEN; SIZE; REACTIVITY AB Decomposition of a fuel-soluble precursor was used for in Situ generation of Pd/PdO nanoparticles, which then catalyzed ignition of the methane/O(2)/N(2) flow. To help understand the relationship between particle properties and activity, the composition, structure, and surface chemical state of the particles were determined by a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The particles, collected under methane-free conditions, were found to be primarily crystalline, metallic Pd, with TEM results showing a narrow size distribution around 8 nm and scanning mobility particle sizing measurements (SMPS) indicating a median particle size of similar to 10 nm. The ignition temperature was lowered similar to 150 K by the catalyst, and we present evidence that ignition is correlated with formation of a subnanometer oxidized Pd surface layer. C1 [Van Devener, B.; Anderson, S. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Shimizu, T.; Wang, H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nabity, J.; Engel, J.; Yu, J.] TDA Res Inc, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. [Wickham, D.] React Syst LLC, Parker, CO 80138 USA. [Williams, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, SL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM anderson@chem.utah.edu RI Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0400]; AFOSR STTR; AFRL SBIR [FA9550-07-0106, FA8650-06-C-2673] FX The Utah and USC groups gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the MURI program (FA9550-08-1-0400). The Utah, USC, TDA, and Reaction Systems efforts were also supported by AFOSR STTR and AFRL SBIR contracts to develop fuel soluble catalysts for hydrocarbon fuels (FA9550-07-0106 and FA8650-06-C-2673, respectively). NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 48 BP 20632 EP 20639 DI 10.1021/jp904317y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 522ZJ UT WOS:000272038600018 ER PT J AU Kessler, CS Marcolini, EG Schmitz, G Gerardo, CJ Burns, G DelliGatti, B Marco, CA Manthey, DE Gutman, D Jobe, K Younggren, BN Stettner, T Sokolove, PE AF Kessler, Chad S. Marcolini, Evie G. Schmitz, Gillian Gerardo, Charles J. Burns, Glenn DelliGatti, Brian Marco, Catherine A. Manthey, David E. Gutman, Deborah Jobe, Kathleen Younggren, Bradley N. Stettner, Ted Sokolove, Peter E. TI Off-service Resident Education in the Emergency Department: Outline of a National Standardized Curriculum SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE resident education; curriculum; emergency medicine; off-service residents ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; DECISION-MAKING; RISK; DERIVATION; RULE; MANAGEMENT; CRITERIA; THERAPY AB Although many residency programs mandate at least one rotation in emergency medicine (EM), to the best of our knowledge, a standardized curriculum for emergency department (ED) rotations for "off-service" residents has not been developed. As a result, the experiences of these residents in the ED tend to vary during their rotations. To design an off-service EM curriculum, we adopted Kern's six-step approach to curriculum development as a conceptual framework. The resulting program encompasses clinical experience and didactic sessions through which residents are trained in core topics and skills. This knowledge will be applicable in the clinical settings in which residents will continue to train and ultimately practice their specialty. It is flexible enough to be applicable and implementable without being limited by resource availability or faculty strengths. C1 [Kessler, Chad S.] Univ Illinois, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Marcolini, Evie G.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Marcolini, Evie G.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Surg Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Marcolini, Evie G.] R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schmitz, Gillian] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Gerardo, Charles J.] Duke Univ, Div Emergency Med, Durham, NC USA. [Burns, Glenn] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [DelliGatti, Brian] Univ N Carolina, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Marco, Catherine A.] Univ Toledo, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Manthey, David E.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Gutman, Deborah] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Jobe, Kathleen] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Emergency Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Younggren, Bradley N.] Madigan AMC, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Stettner, Ted] Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sokolove, Peter E.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Kessler, CS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM Chad.kessler@va.gov RI Manthey, David/C-9936-2013 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1325 EP 1330 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00605.x PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 527CJ UT WOS:000272343900009 PM 20053254 ER PT J AU MacSleyne, J Uchic, MD Simmons, JP De Graef, M AF MacSleyne, J. Uchic, M. D. Simmons, J. P. De Graef, M. TI Three-dimensional analysis of secondary gamma ' precipitates in Rene-88 DT and UMF-20 superalloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nickel alloys; Microstructure; Serial sectioning; Precipitate shape; Moment invariants ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS; SERIAL SECTIONING ANALYSIS; MOMENT INVARIANTS; FIB-SEM; MICROSTRUCTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; RECOGNITION; TRANSFORM AB Focused ion beam serial sectioning was used to study the three-dimensional morphology of secondary gamma' precipitates in two nickel-based superalloys: Rene-88 DT, a turbine disk alloy, and UMF-20, an experimental alloy. The precipitate morphology was reconstructed using a multi-step image-processing approach, including registration, intensity corrections, segmentation and segmentation cleanup. A total of 260 dendritic precipitates were obtained for the Rene-88 DT alloy, and 477 cuboidal precipitates in the UMF-20 alloy. The shapes of these precipitates were analyzed by means of moment invariants. The cuboidal precipitates in UMF-20 are well described by an analytical superellipsoid model. The morphological evolution of the dendritic precipitates in Rene-88 DT is analyzed by combining the affine moment invariant with the dimensionless shape quotient. This approach is promising as an objective tool for the description of complex precipitate shapes. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [MacSleyne, J.; De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Uchic, M. D.; Simmons, J. P.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jmacsley@gmail.com; Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil; Jeff.Simmons@wpafb.af.mil; degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 FU ONR/DARPA Dynamic 3-D Digital Structure program [2626753]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research award [FA95500710179]; Material & Manufacturing Directorate; AFOSR FX The results presented in this paper represent a portion of the doctoral thesis research of J.M. [42]. The authors acknowledge Prof. T. Pollock (University of Michigan) for providing the experimental UMF-20 alloy; Dr. P. Sarosi for providing a TEM thin foil of Rene-88 DT, from which the FIB sections were taken; D. Dimiduk, P. Martin, A. Rollett, G. Rohrer and P. Voorhees for stimulating discussions. M.D.G. and J.M.S. acknowledge the ONR/DARPA Dynamic 3-D Digital Structure program # 2626753, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research award FA95500710179; M.D.U. acknowledges support from the Material & Manufacturing Directorate and AFOSR. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 20 BP 6251 EP 6267 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.053 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 523YU UT WOS:000272111800029 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P Kurdi, M AF Stanford, B. Beran, P. Kurdi, M. TI Model reduction strategies for nonlinear beams subjected to large rotary actuations SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-BALANCE METHOD; SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT; COROTATIONAL PROCEDURE; DIMENSION REDUCTION; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; LINEAR SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; VIBRATIONS; TIME AB The solution to nonlinear structural dynamics problems with time marching schemes can be very expensive, particularly if the desired time-periodic response takes many cycles to form. Two cost reduction methods, which need not be considered separately, are formulated in this work. The first projects the nonlinear system of equations onto a reduced basis defined by a set of modes computed with proper orthogonal decomposition. The second utilises a monolithic time spectral element method, whereby the system of ordinary differential equations is converted into a single algebraic system of equations. The spectral element method can be formulated such that only the time-periodic response is computed. These techniques are implemented for a planar elastic beam, actuated at its base to emulate a flapping motion. Nonlinear elastic terms are computed with a corotational finite element method, while inertial terms are computed with a standard multibody dynamics formulation. For a variety of actuation frequencies and kinematic motions, results are given in terms of POD modes, reduced order model accuracy, and computational cost, for both the time marching and the monolithic time schemes. C1 [Stanford, B.; Beran, P.; Kurdi, M.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Bret.Stanford@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task [99VA01COR]; National Research Council Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 99VA01COR, monitored by Dr. Victor Giurgiutiu. The research was performed while the first and third authors held a National Research Council Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1150 BP 751 EP 762 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 547VT UT WOS:000273918400002 ER PT J AU Brockman, RA John, R Huelsman, MA AF Brockman, R. A. John, R. Huelsman, M. A. TI Using deformation modes to identify cracks in turbine engine compressor disks SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; SHAFT; ROTOR AB Recent Studies show that analytical predictions of crack growth in rotating components can be used in conjunction with displacement measurement techniques to identify critical levels of fatigue damage. However, investigations of this type traditionally have focused on the detection of damage at known flaw locations. This paper addresses the related problem of estimating damage associated with flaws at unknown locations, through the combined use of analytical models and measured vibration signatures. Because the measured data are insufficient to identify a unique solution for the location and severity of fatigue cracks, the function of the analytical model is to bound the extent of damage occurring at life-limiting locations. The prediction of remaining life based on estimates of worst-case fatigue damage and crack locations also is discussed. C1 [Brockman, R. A.; Huelsman, M. A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [John, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brockman, RA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Robert.Brockman@udri.udayton.edu; Reji.John@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLMN, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA [FA8650-04-C-5200]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [S271]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2306-6M2AL8] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXLMN, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA, under on-site Contract No. FA8650-04-C-5200. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr Leo Christodoulou of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under DARPA order S271 and Dr Victor Giurgiutiu of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under task 2306-6M2AL8. We are grateful also to the reviewers of the original manuscript for numerous useful comments and suggestions. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1150 BP 811 EP 819 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 547VT UT WOS:000273918400007 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, MH Pedro, HTC Kolonay, RM Reich, GW AF Kobayashi, M. H. Pedro, H-T. C. Kolonay, R. M. Reich, G. W. TI On a cellular division method for aircraft structural design SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL MODELS; FLEXURAL STIFFNESS; FILAMENTS; INPUTS AB This work concerns the development of a biologically inspired methodology for topology optimisation of aircraft structures. The methodology is based on the map L systems modelling of cellular division to generate the structural topology. The topology thus generated is analysed using the finite element method, and the rules that indirectly develop the topology are then evolved using a genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimisation. The methodology is demonstrated in the design of the wing box of a generic aircraft fighter. The results clearly show the suitability of the proposed method for the topology optimisation of aircraft structures. C1 [Kobayashi, M. H.; Pedro, H-T. C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kolonay, R. M.; Reich, G. W.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kobayashi, MH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mkobayahi@gmail.com; hpedro@hawaii.edu; raymond.kolonay@wpafb.af.mil; gregory.reich@wpafb.af.mil OI Pedro, Hugo/0000-0003-3166-4451 FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-01-0036]; AFRL Summer Faculty Program FX M.H.K. and H-T.C.P. are grateful to AFOSR for partially supporting this work through grant FA9550-07-01-0036. M.H.K. was also supported by the AFRL Summer Faculty Program during summer 2008. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1150 BP 821 EP 831 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 547VT UT WOS:000273918400008 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Eyase, F Onyango, D Odindo, A Otieno, W Waitumbi, JN Bulimo, WD Schnabel, DC Meyers, WM Portaels, F AF Walsh, Douglas S. Eyase, Fredrick Onyango, David Odindo, Alfred Otieno, Walter Waitumbi, John N. Bulimo, Wallace D. Schnabel, David C. Meyers, Wayne M. Portaels, Francoise TI Short Report: Clinical and Molecular Evidence for a Case of Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection) in Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; PCR; IS2404; DISEASE; BENIN; SKIN AB Mycobacterium ulcerans infection is an emerging disease that causes indolent, necrotizing skin lesions known as Buruli ulcer (BU) and occasional contiguous or metastatic bone lesions. Buruli ulcer is named after Buruli County in Uganda (east Africa), where an epidemic occurred in the 1960s. Today, BU is most common in central and west Africa. We describe clinical and molecular evidence for a case of BU in Kenya. C1 [Walsh, Douglas S.] USN, Med Res Unit, Walter Reed Project, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu 10400, Kenya. [Bulimo, Wallace D.; Schnabel, David C.] USN, Med Res Unit, Global Emerging Infect Syst Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bulimo, Wallace D.; Schnabel, David C.] Walter Reed Project, Nairobi, Kenya. [Meyers, Wayne M.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Portaels, Francoise] Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Mycobacteriol Unit, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit, Walter Reed Project, Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 54, Kisumu 10400, Kenya. EM douglas.s.walsh@us.army.mil; wbulimo@wrp-nbo.org; dschnabel@wrp-nbo.org; wmekmeyers@comcast.net; portaels@itg.be RI Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 FU Global Emerging Infections System (Silver Spring, MD); United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (Nairobi, Kenya) FX This study was supported by the Global Emerging Infections System (Silver Spring, MD) and the United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (Nairobi, Kenya). NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1110 EP 1113 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0313 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 531YN UT WOS:000272709600029 PM 19996445 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JJ Moore, LM Nguyen, S Hagan, LL Tankersley, MS AF Dietrich, Jeffrey J. Moore, Laura M. Nguyen, Steven Hagan, Larry L. Tankersley, Michael S. TI IMPORTED FIRE ANT HYPERSENSITIVITY: A 1-DAY RUSH IMMUNOTHERAPY SCHEDULE WITHOUT PREMEDICATION SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Dietrich, Jeffrey J.; Moore, Laura M.; Nguyen, Steven; Hagan, Larry L.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Dietrich, JJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 BP 535 EP 536 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 534RG UT WOS:000272914400013 PM 20084848 ER PT J AU Kelly, KJ Wong, J Gladdy, R Moore-Dalal, K Woo, Y Gonen, M Brennan, M Allen, P Fong, Y Coit, D AF Kelly, Kaitlyn J. Wong, Joyce Gladdy, Rebecca Moore-Dalal, Kimberly Woo, Yanghee Gonen, Mithat Brennan, Murray Allen, Peter Fong, Yuman Coit, Daniel TI Prognostic Impact of RT-PCR-Based Detection of Peritoneal Micrometastases in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Curative Resection SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HELICAL COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GASTRIC-CANCER; STAGING LAPAROSCOPY; ADENOCARCINOMA; CYTOLOGY; WASHINGS; CELLS; RESECTABILITY; ANGIOGRAPHY AB Positive peritoneal fluid cytology predicts poor outcome in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been proposed as a more sensitive means of detection of peritoneal micrometastases than conventional cytology. The clinical significance of RT-PCR positivity in the absence of other evidence of peritoneal disease is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the outcome RT-PCR positive/cytology-negative patients who underwent potentially curative resection. Peritoneal washings were collected prospectively from 115 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy at a single institution. Specimens were analyzed by a cytopathologist and by RT-PCR for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Of the 115 patients, 62 (54%) underwent R0 resection. Eleven of the 62 patients (18%) had peritoneal washings that were negative by conventional cytology but positive for CEA by RT-PCR. Those 11 patients experienced early peritoneal and overall disease recurrence versus those who were RT-PCR negative (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively) independent of nodal status. RT-PCR for CEA is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of clinically significant peritoneal micrometastases from pancreatic cancer and it might identify a subgroup of patients with otherwise negative findings at staging laparoscopy who might respond better to treatment other than primary surgical resection. C1 [Kelly, Kaitlyn J.; Wong, Joyce; Gladdy, Rebecca; Woo, Yanghee; Brennan, Murray; Allen, Peter; Fong, Yuman; Coit, Daniel] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Moore-Dalal, Kimberly] David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis Afb, CA USA. [Gonen, Mithat] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kelly, KJ (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM coitd@mskcc.org RI Gonen, Mithat/E-4826-2012; Gladdy, Rebecca/A-2516-2013; OI Gladdy, Rebecca/0000-0003-4143-6620; Brennan, Murray/0000-0003-2358-4371 FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA009501, T32 CA009501-21, T32 CA009501-22] NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3333 EP 3339 DI 10.1245/s10434-009-0683-2 PG 7 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 522DM UT WOS:000271978000017 PM 19763694 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Yeleser, T Fair, GE Davis, JB AF Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B. Yeleser, Tufan Fair, Geoff E. Davis, Janet B. TI Effects of Steam Environment on Creep Behavior of Nextel (TM) 610/Monazite/Alumina Composite at 1,100A degrees C SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Fibers; Coatings; Creep; High-temperature properties ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; PERFORMANCE; FIBERS; INTERFACES; EXPOSURE; ALUMINA AB The tensile creep behavior of a N610 (TM)/LaPO(4)/Al(2)O(3) composite was investigated at 1,100A degrees C in laboratory air and in steam. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 fibers woven in an eight-harness satin weave fabric and coated with monazite. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1,100A degrees C. The addition of monazite coating resulted in similar to 33% improvement in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 1,100A degrees C. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 32-72 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. In air, creep strains remained below 0.8% and creep strain rates approached 2 x 10(-8) s(-1). Creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was achieved in all tests conducted in air. The presence of steam accelerated creep rates and significantly reduced creep lifetimes. In steam, creep strain reached 2.25%, and creep strain rate approached 2.6 x 10(-6) s(-1). In steam, creep run-out was not achieved. The retained strength and modulus of all specimens that achieved run-out were characterized. Comparison with results obtained for N610 (TM)/Al(2)O(3) (control) specimens revealed that the use of the monazite coating resulted in considerable improvement in creep resistance at 1,100A degrees C both in air and in steam. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina B.; Fair, Geoff E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Davis, Janet B.] Teledyne Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10443-009-9105-7 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 522DN UT WOS:000271978100004 ER PT J AU Sabbagh, HA Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Aldrin, JC Knopp, J Blodgett, M AF Sabbagh, Harold A. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Elias H. Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy Blodgett, Mark TI Computational Electromagnetics and Model-Based Inversion: A Modern Paradigm for Eddy-Current Nondestructive Evaluation SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE volume-integral equations; electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation; model-based inversion; model-based standards; estimation-theoretic metrics AB This is the first of a planned series of papers in which we demonstrate the application of computational electromagnetics, especially the volume-integral method, to problems in eddy-current nondestructive evaluation (NDE). In particular, we will apply the volume-integral code, VIC-3D, to solve forward and inverse problems in NDE. The range of problems that will be considered spans industries from nuclear power to aerospace to materials characterization. In this paper we will introduce the notion of model-based inversion, emphasizing the role of 'estimation-theoretic metrics' to the practical application of inverse theory. C1 [Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Elias H.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy; Blodgett, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabbagh, HA (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM has@sabbagh.com; kimmurphy1@aristotle.net; ehs@sabbagh.com; aldrin@computationaltools.com; jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil; mark.blodgett@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory - NDE Branch; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Partial funding was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory - NDE Branch and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 533 EP 540 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 572DU UT WOS:000275808300001 ER PT J AU Spicer, CW Holdren, MW Cowen, KA Joseph, DW Satola, J Goodwin, B Mayfield, H Laskin, A Alexander, ML Ortega, JV Newburn, M Kagann, R Hashmonay, R AF Spicer, Chester W. Holdren, Michael W. Cowen, Kenneth A. Joseph, Darrell W. Satola, Jan Goodwin, Bradley Mayfield, Howard Laskin, Alexander Alexander, M. Lizabeth Ortega, John V. Newburn, Matthew Kagann, Robert Hashmonay, Ram TI Rapid measurement of emissions from military aircraft turbine engines by downstream extractive sampling of aircraft on the ground: Results for C-130 and F-15 aircraft (vol 43, pg 2612, 2009) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Spicer, Chester W.] SpiceAir Consulting, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. [Holdren, Michael W.] Sci Consulting, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. [Cowen, Kenneth A.; Joseph, Darrell W.; Satola, Jan; Goodwin, Bradley] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Mayfield, Howard] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Laskin, Alexander; Alexander, M. Lizabeth; Newburn, Matthew] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ortega, John V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kagann, Robert; Hashmonay, Ram] Arcadis G&M, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Spicer, CW (reprint author), SpiceAir Consulting, 2703 Mt Holyoke Rd, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM spiceair@columbus.rr.com NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 38 BP 6120 EP 6120 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.034 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526GP UT WOS:000272276000017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, N AF Schwartz, Norton TI A Tribute to the US Air Force Medical Service on its 60th Anniversary SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Schwartz, N (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1069 EP 1070 DI 10.3357/ASEM.28000.2009 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 530ZV UT WOS:000272632400014 PM 20027858 ER PT J AU Davis, JD Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Wilcox, M AF Davis, J. D. Barrett, S. F. Wright, C. H. G. Wilcox, M. TI A bio-inspired apposition compound eye machine vision sensor system SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION; ADAPTATION; NAVIGATION; INSECTS; DESIGN; BEES; FLY AB The Wyoming Information, Signal Processing, and Robotics Laboratory is developing a wide variety of bio-inspired vision sensors. We are interested in exploring the vision system of various insects and adapting some of their features toward the development of specialized vision sensors. We do not attempt to supplant traditional digital imaging techniques but rather develop sensor systems tailor made for the application at hand. We envision that many applications may require a hybrid approach using conventional digital imaging techniques enhanced with bio-inspired analogue sensors. In this specific project, we investigated the apposition compound eye and its characteristics commonly found in diurnal insects and certain species of arthropods. We developed and characterized an array of apposition compound eye-type sensors and tested them on an autonomous robotic vehicle. The robot exhibits the ability to follow a pre-defined target and avoid specified obstacles using a simple control algorithm. C1 [Davis, J. D.] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78757 USA. [Barrett, S. F.; Wright, C. H. G.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wilcox, M.] USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Davis, JD (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, 10000 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78757 USA. EM steveb@uwyo.edu FU National Institute of Health (NIH) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE); National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [P20 RR015553, RR15640, P20 RR15640]; Hyperacuity Systems, Colorado Springs, CO FX This research was sponsored in part by National Institute of Health (NIH) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) Grants. Specifically, this publication was made possible by grant numbers P20 RR015553, RR15640 and P20 RR15640 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. This research was also sponsored in part by Hyperacuity Systems, Colorado Springs, CO, via contract with the Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, CA. An early and abbreviated version of this paper was presented at the Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium in April 2008 [ 48]. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 EI 1748-3190 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR 046002 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/4/4/046002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 525NK UT WOS:000272222600003 PM 19901450 ER PT J AU Ramasamy, RP Gadhamshetty, V Nadeau, LJ Johnson, GR AF Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana Nadeau, Lloyd J. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Non-Intrusive Detection of Extracellular Mediators in Microbial Fuel Cells SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microbial fuel cells; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; redox mediators; shewanella oneidensis; riboflavin ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BIOFUEL CELLS; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; FLAVINS; CATHODE; GROWTH; OXIDE; EIS AB Endogenously produced, diffusible redox mediators can act as electron shuttles for bacterial respiration. Accordingly, the mediators also serve a critical role in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), as they assist extracellular electron transfer from the bacteria to the anode serving as the intermediate electron sink. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may be a valuable tool for evaluating the role of mediators in an operating MFC. EIS offers distinct advantages over some conventional analytical methods for the investigation of MFC systems because EIS can elucidate the electrochemical properties of various charge transfer processes in the bio-energetic pathway. Preliminary investigations of Shewanella oneidensis DSP10-based MFCs revealved that even low quantities of extracellular mediators significantly influence the impedance behavior of MFCs. EIS results also suggested that for the model MFC studied, electron transfer from the mediator to anode may be up to 15 times faster than the electron transfer from bacteria to the mediator. When a simple carbonate membrane separated the anode and cathode chambers, the extracellular mediators were also detected at the cathode, indicating diffusion from the anode under open circuit conditions. The findings demonstrated that EIS can be used as a tool to indicate presence of extracellular redox mediators produced by microorganisms and their participation in extracellular electron shuttling. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;104: 882-891. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana; Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Sci Branch RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Sci Branch RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana/B-5609-2009 FU U.S. Air-Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. FX This study was funded by the Material Science Directorate of the U.S. Air-Force Research Laboratory, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Walt Kozumbo, Program Manager). Vebkataramana Gadhamshetty was supported through a post-doctoral fellowship from Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 104 IS 5 BP 882 EP 891 DI 10.1002/bit.22469 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 518XF UT WOS:000271728400006 PM 19585525 ER PT J AU Petersen, K O'Connell, RJ Sandige, HL Barnes, SL Danaher, PJ El Masry, NA El Dib, NA AF Petersen, Kyle O'Connell, Robert J. Sandige, Heidi L. Barnes, Steven L. Danaher, Patrick J. El Masry, Nabil A. El Dib, Nadia A. TI A Pregnant Woman with Severe Diarrhea SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTESTINAL CAPILLARIASIS C1 [Petersen, Kyle] Naval Med Res Ctr, Dept Combat Casualty Care, Silver Spring, MD USA. [O'Connell, Robert J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Retrovirol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Barnes, Steven L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sandige, Heidi L.] Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Danaher, Patrick J.] Eglin US Air Reg Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [El Dib, Nadia A.] Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Cairo, Egypt. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), Combat Casualty Care Naval Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20889 USA. EM kyle.petersen@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1742 EP + DI 10.1086/647949 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 515XC UT WOS:000271505200020 PM 19891566 ER PT J AU Djukic, LP Herszberg, I Walsh, WR Schoeppner, GA Prusty, BG AF Djukic, Luke P. Herszberg, Israel Walsh, William R. Schoeppner, Gregory A. Prusty, B. Gangadhara TI Contrast enhancement in visualisation of woven composite architecture using a MicroCT Scanner. Part 2: Tow and preform coatings SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Identification CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Dayton, OH DE Micro-Computed Tomography; Fabrics/textiles; Polymer matrix composites (PMC's); Microstructures ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; POLYMER COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; CT; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPRESSION; SIMULATION; GADOLINIUM AB MicroCT scanning is a non-destructive method which was used to visualise tow architecture in woven composites, with the ultimate goal of three-dimensional model generation. it is difficult to discriminate between elements of carbon-fibre composites using MicroCT, particularly the region between co-aligned neighbouring tows. Methods used to facilitate visualisation by enhancing contrast during scanning were discussed in part one [Djukic LP, Herszberg I, Walsh WR, Schoeppner GA, Prusty BG, Kelly DW. Contrast enhancement in visualisation of woven composite tow architecture using a MicroCT Scanner. Part 1: fabric coating and resin additives. Compos Part A 2009;40:553-65.]. In order to improve upon these methods, tows were coated in a material of higher density and subsequently woven into a fabric. The most successful coatings were found to be gold and iodine. Adequate visualisations of glass tows were possible without contrast enhancement. These methods can be combined to allow multiple levels of contrast within a sample, as demonstrated with a three-dimensional woven preform. Three-dimensional reconstructions of interior tow architectures were made from the scans of contrast enhanced specimens. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Djukic, Luke P.; Prusty, B. Gangadhara] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Herszberg, Israel] Adv Composite Struct Ltd, Cooperat Res Ctr, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. [Walsh, William R.] Univ New S Wales, Surg & Orthopaed Res Labs, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Schoeppner, Gregory A.] USAF, Res Labs, Dayton, OH USA. RP Djukic, LP (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM l.djukic@student.unsw.edu.au NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X EI 1878-5840 J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 12 SI SI BP 1870 EP 1879 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 533YB UT WOS:000272861000008 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, DH Zhou, EG Breitzman, T Whitney, TJ AF Iarve, Endel V. Mollenhauer, David H. Zhou, Eric G. Breitzman, Timothy Whitney, Thomas J. TI Independent mesh method-based prediction of local and volume average fields in textile composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Indenification CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Dayton, OH DE Fabrics/textiles; Residual/internal stress; Numerical analysis; Moire interferometry ID WOVEN COMPOSITES; MECHANICS; STRESS AB An independent mesh method (IMM) for three-dimensional stress analysis in composites with complex fiber architectures is proposed. The method represents a combination of direct meshing and voxel-based methodology and allows the modeling of complex tow geometries not readily amenable to traditional finite element meshing. Each fiber tow is meshed independently, while the matrix is meshed throughout the volume of interest. The matrix approximation is then truncated by disregarding the shape functions, whose support is completely inside a tow or completely covered by more than one tow in regions such as tow intersections. The calculation of average stiffness properties of both an oblong fiber-matrix representative volume element (RVE) and a plain weave composite RVE is performed for verification and convergence evaluation purposes. The digital chain technique was used to model fiber architecture in the triaxial braided composite with high fidelity including the effects of nesting and compaction of plies. Local deformations of the digital architecture due to relief of residual processing stress following a saw cut were predicted by using IMM. These deformations in the triaxial braided composite were then measured experimentally using Moire interferometry. The degree of agreement between the predicted strain fields and those measured experimentally was shown to correlate with the degree of accuracy of digital architecture and varied from agreement in average behavior to practically point wise agreement across the entire field of measurement. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Iarve, Endel V.; Zhou, Eric G.; Whitney, Thomas J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mollenhauer, David H.; Breitzman, Timothy] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1880 EP 1890 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.034 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 533YB UT WOS:000272861000009 ER PT J AU Breitzman, TD Iarve, EV Cook, BM Schoeppner, GA Lipton, RP AF Breitzman, T. D. Iarve, E. V. Cook, B. M. Schoeppner, G. A. Lipton, R. P. TI Optimization of a composite scarf repair patch under tensile loading SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Indenification CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Dayton, OH DE Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Strength; Numerical analysis; Joints/joining ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRESS-ANALYSIS; STRENGTH PREDICTION; FAILURE; JOINTS; COMPRESSION; WEIBULL AB Mechanics of the composite repair under tensile loading with and without overlay plies was examined for nontraditional patch ply orientations. Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis was performed for repair failure prediction and good baseline comparison for open hole scarfed panels and panels repaired by using standard ply-by-ply replacement patch composition was achieved. Multidimensional optimization was performed to calculate the repair patch ply orientations which minimize the von Mises stresses in the adhesive. These optimal stacking sequences achieved significant reduction of the stress levels and resulted in predicted up to 85% and 90% strength restoration for flush and single ply thickness overply repair. These results are intended to illustrate additional design variables available for efficient composite repair design, namely the composition of the repair patch. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.; Iarve, E. V.; Cook, B. M.; Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Composites & Hybrids Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Iarve, E. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lipton, R. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Composites & Hybrids Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.breitzman@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1921 EP 1930 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.033 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 533YB UT WOS:000272861000013 ER PT J AU Pochiraju, K Tandon, GP AF Pochiraju, Kishore Tandon, Gyaneshwar P. TI Interaction of oxidation and damage in high temperature polymeric matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Indenification CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Dayton, OH DE Environmental degradation; Thermo-oxidative aging; Fracture; Durability ID ANISOTROPIC OXIDATION; WEIGHT-LOSS; DEGRADATION; POLYIMIDES; GROWTH; CREEP; MODEL AB Polymeric matrix composites with long term durability requirements at high temperatures must be designed to resist degradation due to physical aging, chemical changes and thermo-oxidation. This paper describes the interaction between oxidation and damage during high temperature aging of polymeric matrix composites. The oxidation layer growth in neat resins depends upon the relative dominance of the oxygen diffusion rate in oxidized region and the reaction rate in the un-oxidized region. Oxidation in fiber-reinforced composites is seen to be orthotropic with axial direction of fiber being the preferred oxidation growth direction. Transverse oxidation growth correlates with growth rates in neat resins after accounting for the fiber microstructure effects and attributing additional diffusivity to the fibers and fiber-matrix interphase. However, the oxidation growth in areas where discrete cracking is observed is substantially higher. Close coupling is observed between discrete crack growth rates and oxidation layer growth rates in axial direction. Damage evolution and the interaction of damage and oxygen diffusivity are critical factors and must be considered for oxidation growth prediction in composite materials. In this paper, a model-based analysis of oxidation in composites is presented using a systematic methodology that determines the relative effects of the matrix oxidation, role of fiber and interface effects and that of the damage growth. Carbon fiber-reinforced PMR-15 composites are used for both experimental characterization and simulations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pochiraju, Kishore] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Tandon, Gyaneshwar P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, Gyaneshwar P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Pochiraju, K (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM kishore.pochiraju@stevens.edu OI Pochiraju, Kishore/0000-0002-0248-8658 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1931 EP 1940 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.03.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 533YB UT WOS:000272861000014 ER PT J AU Perez, M Fonda, H Le, VV Mitiku, T Ray, J Freeman, JV Ashley, E Froelicher, VF AF Perez, Marco Fonda, Holly Le, Vy-Van Mitiku, Teferi Ray, Jeremiah Freeman, James V. Ashley, Euan Froelicher, Victor F. TI Adding an Electrocardiogram to the Pre-participation Examination in Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; LONG-QT SYNDROME; ST-SEGMENT-ELEVATION; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; BRUGADA-SYNDROME AB No matter how rare, the death of young athletes is a tragedy. Can it be prevented? The European experience suggests that adding the electrocardiogram (ECG) to the standard medical and family history and physical examination can decrease cardiac deaths by 90%. However, there has not been a randomized trial to demonstrate such a reduction. While there are obvious differences between the European and American experiences with athletes including very differing causes of athletic deaths, some would highlight the European emphasis on public welfare vs the protection of personal rights in the USA. Even the authors of this systematic review have differing interpretation of the data: some of us view screening as a hopeless battle against Bayes, while others feel that the ECG can save lives. What we all agree on is that the USA should implement the American Heart Association 12-point screening recommendations and that, before ECG screening is mandated, we need to gather more data and optimize ECG criteria for screening young athletes. (Curr Probl Cardiol 2009;34:586-662.) C1 [Perez, Marco] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Fonda, Holly] Palo Alto VA Hosp, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Fonda, Holly] Stanford Univ, Human Performance Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Le, Vy-Van] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Le, Vy-Van] Univ Montreal, Ctr Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Mitiku, Teferi; Freeman, James V.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ray, Jeremiah] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chev Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Ray, Jeremiah] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Freeman, James V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ashley, Euan] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ashley, Euan] John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Ashley, Euan] Univ Oxford, Program Cardiovasc Med, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Ashley, Euan] Stanford Hosp Clin, Hypertroph Cardiomyopathy Clin, Stanford, CA USA. [Froelicher, Victor F.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Froelicher, Victor F.] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Froelicher, Victor F.] Sch USAF Aerosp Med, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Perez, M (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 126 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0146-2806 J9 CURR PROB CARDIOLOGY JI Curr. Probl. Cardiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 12 BP 586 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2009.08.002 PG 77 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 521JA UT WOS:000271915700002 PM 19887232 ER PT J AU Beachkofsky, TM Wisco, OJ Osswald, SS Osswald, MB Hodson, DS AF Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Wisco, Oliver J. Osswald, Sandra S. Osswald, Michael B. Hodson, Darryl S. TI Pulmonary Cutaneous Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of Common Cutaneous Metastases SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CARCINOMA; INTERNAL CARCINOMA; LUNG-CANCER; SKIN; CYTOKERATIN-20; DISEASE; ADENOCARCINOMA; EXPRESSION; APPRAISAL; ORIGIN AB The literature on cutaneous metastatic disease can be difficult to interpret because of inconsistent study design and analysis among authors. Furthermore, one should be careful when reviewing the statistics in the literature, as reported patient populations tend to vary and are not representative of the whole population. However, certain trends are notable and should be reported, Diagnosis of cutaneous metastatic disease carries a grave prognosis. We describe a patient with pulmonary cutaneous metastasis and provide a review of the literature on nonmelanomatous solid tumor malignancies that most commonly have cutaneous metastases. The review will focus on epidemiology, clinical presentation, histology and immunohistochemical staining, and prognosis and management. The most common cutaneous metastasizing carcinomas-breast, lung, and colorectal cancer-also are discussed. Cutis. 2009;84:315-322. C1 [Beachkofsky, Thomas M.; Wisco, Oliver J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Osswald, Sandra S.] UT Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Dermatol & Cutaneous Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Osswald, Michael B.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Osswald, Michael B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wisco, OJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oliver.wisco@lackland.af.mil NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD DEC PY 2009 VL 84 IS 6 BP 315 EP 322 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 538NU UT WOS:000273192000006 PM 20166573 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Seaman, RL Klages, CM AF Jauchem, James R. Seaman, Ronald L. Klages, Curtis M. TI Physiological effects of the TASER(A (R)) C2 conducted energy weapon (vol 5, pg 189, 2009) SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Jauchem, James R.; Klages, Curtis M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, AFRL RHDR, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Seaman, Ronald L.] Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, AFRL RHDR, 711th Human Performance Wing,8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 SI SI BP 330 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s12024-009-9104-x PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 539NH UT WOS:000273261000016 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JE DiGeronimo, RJ Arthur, DE King, JM AF Gonzalez, Jeannette E. DiGeronimo, Robert J. Arthur, D'Ann E. King, Jonathan M. TI Remodeling of the tight junction during recovery from exposure to hydrogen peroxide in kidney epithelial cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Tight junction; Kidney epithelium; Oxidative stress; Barrier function; Free radicals ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; MAP KINASE; PARACELLULAR PERMEABILITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRANSEPITHELIAL RESISTANCE; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AB Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury results in oxidative stress-induced alterations in barrier function. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway during recovery from oxidative stress may be an effector of oxidant-induced tight junction reorganization. We hypothesized that tight junction composition and barrier function would be perturbed during recovery from oxidative stress. We developed a model of short-term H(2)O(2) exposure followed by recovery using Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK II) cells. H(2)O(2) perturbs barrier function without a significant cytotoxic effect except in significant doses. ERK-1/2 and p38, both enzymes of the MAP kinase pathway, were activated within minutes of exposure to H(2)O(2). Transient exposure to H(2)O(2) produced a biphasic response in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). An initial drop in TER at 6 h was followed by a significant increase at 24 h. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 activation attenuated the increase in TER observed at 24 h. Expression of occludin initially decreased, followed by partial recovery at 24 h. In contrast, claudin-1 levels decreased and failed to recover at 24 h. Claudin-2 levels were markedly decreased at 24 h: however, inhibition of ERK-1/2 activation was protective. Occludin and claudin-1 localization at the apical membrane on immunofluorescence images was fragmented at 6 h after H(2)O(2) exposure with subsequent recovery of appropriate localization by 24 h. MDCK 11 cell recovery after H(2)O(2) exposure is associated with functional and structural modifications of the tight junction that are mediated in part by activation of the MAP kinase enzymes ERK-1/2 and p38. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Arthur, D'Ann E.; King, Jonathan M.] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Gonzalez, Jeannette E.; DiGeronimo, Robert J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP King, JM (reprint author), Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. EM jking@trinity.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DK065652]; Trinity University Department of Biology; U.S. Air Force FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant DK065652. The authors thank Christopher L. Koehler for his contribution to this project. In addition, the authors thank the Trinity University Department of Biology and the U.S. Air Force for their generous support of this project. NR 49 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1561 EP 1569 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.024 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 521PN UT WOS:000271934300005 PM 19733232 ER PT J AU Holmes, JM Kozelov, BV Peters, NJ Deehr, CS Lorentzen, DA Sigernes, F AF Holmes, J. M. Kozelov, B. V. Peters, N. J. Deehr, C. S. Lorentzen, D. A. Sigernes, F. TI Ion velocity filter effect observed in dayside hydrogen aurora SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-ALTITUDE; RECONNECTION RATE; PLASMA MANTLE; CUSP; SIGNATURES; PROTON; IDENTIFICATION AB Observations of dayside auroral hydrogen emissions of H(alpha) (lambda 656.3 nm) were carried out using spectrometers on Svalbard at Ny-Alesund (NYA: 76.3 degrees N, 111.0 degrees E CGM) and Longyearbyen (LYR: 75.3 degrees N, 111.9 degrees E CGM). Using a Monte Carlo model, simulated Doppler profiles were fitted to the spectra to estimate precipitating proton energy. A difference in energy was found between the sites for approximately 45 minutes. When combined with measurements of antisunward convection, the energies are consistent with the inverse variation of ion energy with latitude observed by satellites in the cusp region, known as the ion velocity filter. This is the first measurement of the ion velocity filter effect in the dayside aurora using ground-based optical instrumentation. The increasing difference in energy observed is interpreted as a measure of the decreasing merging rate at the magnetopause. Citation: Holmes, J. M., B. V. Kozelov, N. J. Peters, C. S. Deehr, D. A. Lorentzen, and F. Sigernes (2009), Ion velocity filter effect observed in dayside hydrogen aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23101, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040972. C1 [Holmes, J. M.; Peters, N. J.; Lorentzen, D. A.; Sigernes, F.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Kozelov, B. V.] Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity 184209, Russia. [Deehr, C. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Holmes, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM jeff.holmes@unis.no RI Kozelov, Boris/N-2731-2013; OI Kozelov, Boris/0000-0003-2738-2443; Peters, Nial/0000-0001-6817-6262; Holmes, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1025-6694 FU Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation Atmospheric Sciences Section [ATM 0334800] FX Nordlysstasjonen in Adventdalen was operated by The University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS) and owned by the University of Tromso. The financial and operational support of the Space Physics and Aeronomy Group at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, is sincerely appreciated. BVK was partly supported by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences through the program "Solar activity and physical processes in the Sun-Earth system.'' CSD was supported by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Sciences Section grant ATM 0334800 (CEDAR M-I Coupling Program) to the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We thank the ACE Science Center and the ACE MAG and SWEPAM instrument teams for providing solar wind data from the ACE spacecraft. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is an international collaborative program for scientific investigation of the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. Radar data and imager data were kindly provided by Kjellmar Oksavik and Espen Trondsen, respectively. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L23101 DI 10.1029/2009GL040972 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 528JU UT WOS:000272441300007 ER PT J AU Klesges, RC Sherrill-Mittleman, DA DeBon, M Talcott, GW Vanecek, RJ AF Klesges, Robert C. Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah A. DeBon, Margaret Talcott, G. Wayne Vanecek, Robert J. TI Do we believe the tobacco industry lied to us? Association with smoking behavior in a military population SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COUNTERINDUSTRY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS; REDUCED EXPOSURE PRODUCTS; LIGHT CIGARETTES; YOUNG-ADULTS; SECONDHAND SMOKE; WARNING LABELS; YOUTH SMOKING; EPA REPORT; 4 COUNTRY; TRUTH AB Despite the dangers of smoking, tobacco companies continue to impede tobacco control efforts through deceptive marketing practices. Media campaigns that expose these practices have been effective in advancing anti-industry attitudes and reducing smoking initiation among young people, yet the association between knowledge of industry practices and smoking cessation and relapse has not been studied. In a large military sample entering Air Force Basic Military Training (BMT), where tobacco use is prohibited, we investigated (i) the prevalence of agreement with a statement that tobacco companies have misled the public about the health consequences of smoking and (ii) the association of this acknowledgement with smoking status upon entry into BMT (N = 36 013). At baseline, 56.6% agreed that tobacco companies have been deceptive, and agreement was a strong predictor of smoking status [smokers less likely to agree, odds ratio (OR) = 0.39, P < 0.01]. At 12-month follow-up, we examined the association between industry perception at baseline and current smoking status (N = 20 672). Recruits who had been smoking upon entry into BMT and who had acknowledged industry deception were less likely to report current smoking (OR = 0.84, P = 0.01). These findings suggest that anti-industry attitudes may affect smoking relapse following cessation. C1 [Klesges, Robert C.; Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah A.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Canc Control, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Klesges, Robert C.; DeBon, Margaret] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Talcott, G. Wayne; Vanecek, Robert J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Sherrill-Mittleman, DA (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Canc Control, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM deborah.mittleman@stjude.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL053478] NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 909 EP 921 DI 10.1093/her/cyp029 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 523KF UT WOS:000272071300001 PM 19528314 ER PT J AU Tripp, LD Warm, JS Matthews, G Chiu, PY Bracken, RB AF Tripp, Lloyd D. Warm, Joel S. Matthews, Gerald Chiu, Peter Y. Bracken, R. Bruce TI On Tracking the Course of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation and Pilot Performance During Gravity-Induced Loss of Consciousness SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; G-LOC; HEMODYNAMICS; SYNCHRONIZATION; PERCEPTION; BRAIN AB Objective: The aim of this study was to track the course of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) and pilot performance during an episode of gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC). Background: GLOC, a major problem facing pilots of high-performance aircraft, is brought about by a sudden reduction in rSO(2) as a result of increased + Gz force. It consists of 24 s of complete functional impairment followed by a prolonged period of performance recovery. This study tested the hypothesis that delayed recovery in GLOC is caused by a slow return of rSO(2) following removal of the g-force that induced the episode. Method: GLOC was induced in U. S. Air Force personnel via a centrifuge with math and tracking tasks emulating flight performance. A near-infrared spectroscopy unit provided the rSO(2) measure. Results: Declines in rSO(2) from baseline pinpointed when pilots would cease active flight control and when GLOC would set in. Counter to expectation, rSO(2) returned to baseline levels shortly after the centrifuge came to a complete stop following GLOC onset. Nevertheless, performance deficits continued for 49.45 s thereafter. Conclusion: The prolonged performance recovery time in GLOC cannot be attributed to delays in the return of rSO(2). This finding explains why previous ergonomic efforts to shorten the duration of GLOC episodes by increasing the rate of return of rSO(2) have not been fruitful. Evidently, another approach is needed. Application: Such an approach might use the close linkage between loss of rSO(2), performance deterioration, and GLOC onset to develop a warning system that would permit pilots to take effective action to avoid GLOC incapacitation. C1 [Tripp, Lloyd D.] USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Performance Div, HPW RHP 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bracken, R. Bruce] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Warm, Joel S.] USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tripp, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Performance Div, HPW RHP 711, 2215 1st St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lloyd.tripp@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 6 BP 775 EP 784 DI 10.1177/0018720809359631 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 573ST UT WOS:000275935900001 PM 20415154 ER EF