FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hall, SN Sewell, EC Jacobson, SH AF Hall, Shane N. Sewell, Edward C. Jacobson, Sheldon H. TI Maximizing the effectiveness of a pediatric vaccine formulary while prohibiting extraimmunization SO HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pediatric immunization; Pediatric vaccines; Randomized approximation algorithms; Discrete optimization; Dynamic programming; Heuristics; Integer programming AB The growing complexity of the United States Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule has resulted in as many as five required injections during a single well-baby office visit. To reduce this number, vaccine manufacturers have developed combination vaccines that immunize against several diseases in a single injection. At the same time, a growing number of parents are challenging the safety and effectiveness of vaccinating children. They are also particularly concerned about the use of combination vaccines, since they believe that injecting a child with multiple antigens simultaneously may overwhelm a child's immune system. Moreover, combination vaccines make it more likely that extraimmunization (i.e., administering more than the required amount of vaccine antigens) occurs, resulting in greater concerns by parents and vaccine wastage costs borne by an already strained healthcare system. This paper formulates an integer programming model that solves for the maximum number of vaccines that can be administered without any extraimmunization. An exact dynamic programming algorithm and a randomized heuristic for the integer programming model is formulated and the heuristic is shown to be a randomized xi-approximation algorithm. Computational results are reported on three sets of test problems, based on existing and future childhood immunization schedules, to demonstrate their computational effectiveness and limitations. Given that future childhood immunization schedules may need to be solved for each child, on a case-by-case basis, the results reported here may provide a practical and valuable tool for the public health community. C1 [Hall, Shane N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sewell, Edward C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Jacobson, Sheldon H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hall, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shane.hall@afit.edu; esewell@siue.edu; shj@uiuc.edu OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-9620 J9 HEALTH CARE MANAG SC JI Health Care Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s10729-008-9068-5 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA V13EQ UT WOS:000207650500003 PM 18998593 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Byrd, LW Pratt, DM AF Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy Byrd, Larry W. Pratt, David M. TI Entropy minimization in micro-scale evaporating thin liquid film in capillary tubes SO HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; MICROFIN TUBES; MICROCHANNEL; MODEL AB An analysis has been provided for the entropy generated for the micro/nano scale heat and mass transfer in a capillary tube in terms of the gradients of velocity, temperature and concentration as well as the physical properties of the fluid. The heat and mass transfer rates are assumed to be uniform on the surface of the capillary tube. The optimum tube diameter that corresponds to the minimization of entropy generated and minimization of fluid flow resistance is about 1 mm. We have applied the method of thermodynamic optimization to capillary driven systems. The objective was to identify the geometric configuration that maximized performance by minimizing the entropy generated when the flow rate is prescribed. C1 [Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.; Pratt, David M.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Struct Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM r.gorla@csuohio.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-7411 J9 HEAT MASS TRANSFER JI Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s00231-008-0412-6 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 359SH UT WOS:000260007900002 ER PT J AU Pavel, AA Sharma, A Islam, N AF Pavel, Akeed A. Sharma, Ashwani Islam, Naz TI An Improved Model for Calculating Tunneling Current in Nanocrystal Memory SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanocrystal (NC) memory; tunneling ID ENHANCEMENT; IMPACT AB A methodology to compute tunneling currents in a nanocrystal (NC) memory cell is presented to reveal the positive impact of using metal NCs as storage nodes. An analytical model for quantifying the NC effect on electrostatic potential has been used with a transmission line analogy-based quantum mechanical method to calculate the tunneling current. The model includes the effects of the electron wave function penetration into the gate dielectric and also shows the influence of NCs' spacing and material properties on the programming characteristic of the memory cell. Results can be used in optimizing the structure for maximum programming efficiency. C1 [Pavel, Akeed A.; Islam, Naz] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Sharma, Ashwani] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Pavel, AA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM akeed.pavel@mizzou.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1370 EP 1372 DI 10.1109/LED.2008.2006633 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 389AL UT WOS:000262062000025 ER PT J AU Grosjean, DF Schweickart, DL Kasten, DG Sebo, SA Liu, X AF Grosjean, Dennis F. Schweickart, Daniel L. Kasten, Donald G. Sebo, Stephen A. Liu, Xin TI Development of Procedures for Partial Discharge Measurements at Low Pressures in Air, Argon and Helium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Volta Colloquium on Partial Discharge Measuements CY 2007 CL Como, ITALY DE Partial discharge; experimental setup; partial discharge current-pulse waveform; rise time; partial discharge measurement requirements; guidelines; low pressure ID ELECTRIC-FIELD AB Partial discharge (PD) characteristics in air, argon and helium at pressures between 101 kPa (760 Torr) to about 0.27 kPa (2 Torr) under 60 Hz ac energization were studied with various electrode arrangements. Measurements are presented for two representative electrode configurations, (1) needle-plane, with 20 mm spacing and a dielectric barrier, and (2) a twisted pair of insulated conductors. Typical PD current-pulse waveforms are presented. Difficulties in adhering to measurement guidelines defined by the IEC 60270 standard are described, and suggested modifications of the standard procedures are presented for measurement and calibration for low-pressure PD. C1 [Grosjean, Dennis F.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Schweickart, Daniel L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kasten, Donald G.; Sebo, Stephen A.; Liu, Xin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Grosjean, DF (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1535 EP 1543 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 378GI UT WOS:000261308800008 ER PT J AU Kingston, D Beard, RW Holt, RS AF Kingston, Derek Beard, Randal W. Holt, Ryan S. TI Decentralized Perimeter Surveillance Using a Team of UAVs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative control; coordination variables; decentralized algorithms; perimeter surveillance; small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) AB This paper poses the cooperative perimeter-surveillance problem and offers a decentralized solution that accounts for perimeter growth (expanding or contracting) and insertion/deletion of team members. By identifying and sharing the critical coordination information and by exploiting the known communication topology, only a small communication range is required for accurate performance. Simulation and hardware results are presented that demonstrate the applicability of the solution. C1 [Kingston, Derek] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beard, Randal W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Holt, Ryan S.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Kingston, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM derek.kingston@wpafb.af.mil; beard@byu.edu; rholt@ll.mit.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNA04AA19C]; National Science Foundation [CCR-0313056]; United States Air Force [FA9550-04-1-0209] FX Manuscript received October 2, 2007 revised March 26, 2008. First published November 18, 2008; current version published December 30, 2008. This paper was recommended for publication by Associate Editor S. Ma and Editor L. Parker upon evaluation of the reviewers' comments. This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under STTR Contract NNA04AA19C to Scientific Systems Company, Inc., in pan by Brigham Young University, in part by the National Science Foundation under Information Technology Research Grant CCR-0313056, and in part by the United States Air Force under the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-04-1-0209. NR 18 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1552-3098 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1404 DI 10.1109/TRO.2008.2007935 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 391GD UT WOS:000262220900012 ER PT J AU Ashrafiuon, H Erwin, RS AF Ashrafiuon, Hashem Erwin, R. Scott TI Sliding mode control of underactuated multibody systems and its application to shape change control SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE sliding modes; underactuated systems; shape change actuation ID MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; STABILIZATION; SPACECRAFT; ROBOTS AB In this article, we introduce an approach based on sliding mode control to design full state feedback controllers for stabilisation of underactuated non-linear multibody systems. We define First order sliding surfaces as a linear combination of actuated and unactuated coordinate tracking errors. Lyapunov stability analysis guarantees that all system trajectories reach and remain on the sliding surfaces. However, stability of the sliding surfaces depends on the equilibrium manifold. If the system has isolated equilibrium points, it is linearly controllable and asymptotic stability can be guaranteed under certain conditions. Otherwise, the control system fails Brockett's necessary condition for existence of a smooth stabilising feedback. In the latter case, if the total momentum is conserved, the closed-loop control system will be marginally stable. Consequently, a procedure is proposed to achieve an asymptotically stable discontinuous control law through sliding surface redefinition and shape changes. It is proposed that repetitive application of shape changes will lead to asymptotic convergence of the system to the desired configuration. Simulation results are presented for an inverted pendulum as an example of a system with isolated equilibrium points and an existing communication satellite as an example of shape change control. In both cases, the control is shown to be effective and robust with respect to uncertainties and disturbances. C1 [Ashrafiuon, Hashem] Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ashrafiuon, H (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM hashem.ashrafiuon@villanova.edu NR 29 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD DEC PY 2008 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1849 EP 1858 DI 10.1080/00207170801910409 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 399TL UT WOS:000262822100002 ER PT J AU Jun, M Jeffcoat, DE AF Jun, Myungsoo Jeffcoat, David E. TI Control theoretic analysis of a target search problem by a team of search vehicles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cooperative search; unmanned aerial vehicles; Markov chain; linear systems AB This article considers a target search problem by a set of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The problem is modelled as a discrete state, continuous-time Markov process. Convergence properties are investigated by using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a state transition rate matrix without explicitly solving differential equations or calculating matrix exponentials. The paper also studies the effect of cueing on convergence rate using eigenvalues analysis and optimal control theoretic perspective. C1 [Jun, Myungsoo] Univ Florida, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [Jeffcoat, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Jun, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM myungsoojun@gmail.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD DEC PY 2008 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1878 EP 1885 DI 10.1080/00207170801927155 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 399TL UT WOS:000262822100005 ER PT J AU Carver, D Campbell, LL Roebuck, B AF Carver, D. Campbell, L. L. Roebuck, B. TI Large-scale, hypervelocity, high-fidelity interceptor lethality development in AEDC's range G SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE AEDC; Range G; LGG; High-fidelity projectile; HVIS AB The hypervelocity ballistic range G at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) is extensively used to conduct kinetic energy lethality tests for the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). Over the years, AEDC has continuously responded to the lethality test and evaluation requirements of Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMDS) at hypervelocity intercept conditions. Projectiles launched from two-stage light-gas guns experience acceleration loads that are typically orders of magnitude greater than those of the actual missile defense system. These acceleration loads drive design compromises in the projectiles' geometry and mass-density distribution necessary to survive the launch environment. A "high-fidelity" projectile with the proper geometry and mass-density distribution would provide a more representative simulation of the flight vehicle kinetic energy release at impact. Prior to the current upgrades, the range G facility provided the capability to launch large projectiles [8-in. (203-mm) diameter] with weights up to 12 kg at launch velocities up to 4 km/s but at acceleration loads near 40 K g's. Current upgrades provide for the capability to launch large-scale "higher fidelity" projectiles at the same high velocities but at half the g loads. In addition, AEDC is developing a new technique for controlling the projectile pitch at the point of impact with a simulated target. These unique capabilities will make it possible to obtain more flight-representative lethality data in a ballistic range. This paper describes the upgraded capabilities now in place and continuing plans for further upgrades. Published by Elsevier Ltd. RP Campbell, LL (reprint author), 678 2nd St, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM larry.campbell@arnold.af.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1459 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.036 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500015 ER PT J AU Lambert, DE AF Lambert, D. E. TI Re-visiting 1-D hypervelocity penetration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Hypervelocity penetration; Energy deposition of jets; Reverse flow; Shaped charge warhead AB Classical, one-dimensional theory of hydrodynamic penetration is used as the basis of establishing simplified analytical relationships describing energy, momentum, and power deposition during hyper-velocity impact events. A concise overview of the 1-D model is given followed by a select grouping of terms into relationships that offer first-order criteria for making engineering design considerations on relevant applications and assist in the analysis of experimental observations. Momentum, energy, and power deposition are found to be proportional to second, third and fourth power exponents, respectively. These analytical terms are presented for constant velocity gradient, i.e. fixed length, rods as well as linear velocity gradient rods, such as shaped charge jets. The role of penetrator-to-target density ratio is then examined in terms of the backflow, or reverse flow of 1-D penetration. Again, the non-dimensional ratio of penetrator-to-target mass density is used to compare the relative velocity of material flow during penetration. The relationship highlights the role of penetrator materials for achieving desired effects in these hypervelocity, terminal ballistics events. Albeit the relationships are derived on the assumptions for hydrodynamic processes, their generality of form and ease of implementation make them a useful first-order description for engineering insight and application over a broad range of velocities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32547 USA. RP Lambert, DE (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Suite 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32547 USA. EM david.lambert@eglin.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1631 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.073 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500042 ER PT J AU Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF Chhabildas, LC Breiland, WG Brown, JL AF Reinhart, W. D. Thornhill, T. F. Chhabildas, L. C. Breiland, W. G. Brown, J. L. TI Temperature measurements of expansion products from shock compressed materials using high-speed spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Spectroscopy; Hypervelocity; Temperature; Shock compression; Composition-B ID ALUMINUM; KM/S; NITROMETHANE; TANTALUM; PRESSURE; COPPER; GPA AB Results from spectral radiance measurements using optical multi-channel analyzer over the visible and near infrared regime provide estimates of temperature from expansion products resulting from shocked materials. Specifically, we have made spectral radiance measurements over the wavelength regime of 300-1500 nm. Experiments conducted on aluminum, cerium, and Composition-B high explosive span a wide regime of E/E(v), where E is the internal energy increase of the shocked material, and E(v), is the specific energy required to vaporize the material. For the materials investigated, the ratio is similar to 1, 3 and 5 for aluminum, cerium, and Composition-B, respectively. The basic assumption made to deduce these temperatures is that the debris cloud is radiating as a blackbody with emissivity of one and independent of the wavelength. We are also assuming that the probe is monitoring the debris, which is at a single temperature and that there is no spatial temperature gradient. Temperatures at or above the boiling point are confirmed for aluminum and cerium, while the results for Composition-B provide the time-dependent temperature expansion history for shocked Composition-B over the stress regime of 28-130 GPa. These are the first measurements of temperature obtained from the expansion products from materials that have been shocked to very high pressures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reinhart, W. D.; Thornhill, T. F.; Breiland, W. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Brown, J. L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wdreinh@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1745 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.062 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500060 ER PT J AU Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Breiland, WG Alexander, CS Brown, JL AF Thornhill, T. F. Reinhart, W. D. Chhabildas, L. C. Breiland, W. G. Alexander, C. S. Brown, J. L. TI Characterization of prompt flash signatures using high-speed broadband diode detectors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Impact flash; Photo-diode; Aluminum; Composition-B; Pyrometer ID IMPACT; PHENOMENOLOGY AB Impact flash is a brief, intense flash of light released when a target is impacted by a hypervelocity particle. It is caused by emissions from a jet of shocked material which is thrown from the impact site. Impact flash phenomenology has been known for decades, and is now being considered for applications where remote diagnostics are required to observe and diagnose impacts on satellites and space craft where micrometeoroid and orbital debris impacts are common. Additionally, this phenomena and remote diagnostics are under consideration for missile defense applications. Currently, optical signatures created from hypervelocity impact can be utilized as the basis for detectors (spectrometers, pyrometers), which characterize the material composition and temperature. More recent interest has focused on study of hypervelocity impact generated debris and the physics of the associated rapidly expanding and cooling multiphase debris cloud. To establish this capability technically in the laboratory, we have conducted a series of experiments on a two-stage light gas gun at impact velocities ranging from 6 to 19 km/s, which is representative for light emissions resulting from hypervelocity impacts in space. At these high impact velocities jetting is no longer the dominant mechanism for observed impact flash signatures. The focus of this work is to develop fast, inexpensive photo-diodes for use as a reliable prompt flash, and late time radiating debris cloud diagnostic to: (a) characterize material behavior in the shocked and expanding state when feasible; (b) ascertain scaling of luminosity with impact velocity; (c) determine the temperature of the impact flash resulting from radiating emissions when multiple silicon diodes are used in conjunction with narrow band pass filtering at specific wavelengths as a pyrometer. The results of these experiments are discussed in detail using both a metallic target, such as aluminum, and an organic material such as Composition-B explosive. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thornhill, T. F.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Reinhart, W. D.; Breiland, W. G.; Alexander, C. S.; Brown, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Labs, AFRL RWMW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Thornhill, TF (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, 10800 Gibson SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM tfthorn@ktech.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1835 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.058 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500071 ER PT J AU Pai, PF Palazotto, AN AF Pai, P. Frank Palazotto, Anthony N. TI HHT-based nonlinear signal processing method for parametric and non-parametric identification of dynamical systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hilbert-Huang transform; Time-frequency analysis; Amplitude and frequency modulations; Identification of nonlinearities; Perturbation analysis; Signal decomposition ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; VIBRATION ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; HILBERT TRANSFORM; FREQUENCY; MODULATION; STABILITY; SPECTRUM AB This paper presents a time-frequency signal processing method based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and a sliding-window fitting (SWF) technique for parametric and non-parametric identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. The SWF method is developed to reveal the limitations of conventional signal processing methods and to perform further decomposition of signals. Similar to the short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, the SWF uses windowed regular harmonics and function orthogonality to extract time-localized regular and/or distorted harmonics. On the other hand, HHT uses the apparent time scales revealed by the signal's local maxima and minima to sequentially sift components of different time scales, starting from high- to low-frequency ones. Because HHT does not use pre-determined basis functions and function orthogonality for component extraction, it provides more accurate time-varying amplitudes and frequencies of extracted components for accurate estimation of system characteristics and nonlinearities. Methods are developed to reduce the end effect caused by Gibbs' phenomenon and other mathematical and numerical problems of HHT analysis. For parametric identification of a nonlinear one-degree-of-freedom system, the method processes one free damped transient response and one steady-state response and uses amplitude-dependent dynamic characteristics derived from perturbation analysis to determine the type and order of nonlinearity and system parameters. For non-parametric identification, the method uses the maximum displacement states to determine the displacement-stiffness curve and the maximum velocity states to determine the velocity-damping curve. Moreover, the SWF method and a synchronous detection method are used for further decomposition of components extracted by HHT to improve the accuracy of parametric and non-parametric estimations. Numerical simulations of several nonlinear systems show that the proposed method can provide accurate parametric and non-parametric identifications of different nonlinear dynamical systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pai, P. Frank] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pai, PF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM paip@missouri.edu FU AFRL/VA [FA8601-07-P-0362] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Phil Beran of AFRL/VA for his financial support under contract FA8601-07-P-0362. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 EI 1879-2162 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1619 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2008.10.001 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 391AG UT WOS:000262204200009 ER PT J AU Coffins, RS McChesney, ME McCluer, CA Schatz, MP AF Coffins, Randall S. McChesney, Megan E. McCluer, Craig A. Schatz, Martha P. TI Occlusion properties of prosthetic contact lenses for the treatment of amblyopia SO JOURNAL OF AAPOS LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND The efficacy of opaque contact lenses as Occlusion therapy for amblyopia has been established in the literature. Prosthetic contact lenses use similar tints to improve cosmosis in scarred or deformed eyes and may be an alternative in Occlusion therapy. To test this idea, we determined the degree of vision penalization elicited by prosthetic contact lenses and their effect on peripheral fusion. METHODS We tested 19 CIBA Vision DuraSoft 3 Prosthetic soft contact lenses with varying iris prints, underprints, and opaque pupil sizes in 10 volunteers with best-corrected Snellen distance visual acuity of 20120 or better in each eye. Snellen Visual acuity and peripheral fusion using the Worth 4-Dot test at near were measured on each subject wearing each of the 19 lenses. RESULTS Results were analyzed with 3-factor analysis of variance. Mean visual acuity through the various lenses ranged from 20/79 to 20/620. Eight lenses allowed preservation of peripheral fusion in 50% or more of the subjects tested. Iris print pattern and opaque pupil size were significant factors in determining visual acuity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sufficient vision penalization can be achieved to make occlusion with prosthetic contact lenses a viable therapy for amblyopia. The degree of penalization can be varied and different iris print patterns and pupil sizes, using peripheral fusion, can be preserved with some lenses. Prosthetic contact lenses can be more cosmetically appealing and more tolerable than other amblyopia treatment modalities. These factors may improve compliance in occlusion therapy. (J AAPOS 2008;12:565-568) C1 [Coffins, Randall S.; Schatz, Martha P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Coffins, RS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2131 Pepperell St,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-8531 J9 J AAPOS JI J. AAPOS PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.jaapos.2008.04.008 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA 388GX UT WOS:000262009400007 ER PT J AU Asano, T Madhukar, A Mahalingam, K Brown, GJ AF Asano, Tetsuya Madhukar, Anupam Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Brown, Gail J. TI Dark current and band profiles in low defect density thick multilayered GaAs/InAs self-assembled quantum dot structures for infrared detectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODETECTORS; TEMPERATURE; DETECTIVITY; GAAS(100); ISLANDS; INXGA1-XAS; LAYERS; BOXES AB We report results of a systematic study of the structural and photoresponse properties of GaAs/{InAs quantum dot (QD)/InGaAs quantum well/GaAs} Xm multiple quantum dot (MQD) structures with m from 1 to 20 placed in n-GaAs/i(MQD)/n-GaAs configuration to act as quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). Extremely low dislocation densities inferred from cross-sectional and plan-view transmission electron microscopy and the observed linear increase in photoluminescence intensity with MQD thickness reveal the high quality of these QDIP structures. Temperature and bias dependent dark and photocurrent measurements reveal dark current activation energies (E(a)) increasing with the number of QD layers in a manner that indicates that Ea represents the built-in potential in the MQD region. These studies indicate the need for more quantitative modeling to guide optimal doping strategies and profiles to realize high photocurrents while maintaining acceptable dark current. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3039799] C1 [Asano, Tetsuya; Madhukar, Anupam] Univ So Calif, Nanostruct Mat & Devices Lab, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Brown, Gail J.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Asano, T (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Nanostruct Mat & Devices Lab, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM madhukar@usc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US AFOSR) under the Nanoscience Initiative; US AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0481] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US AFOSR) under the Nanoscience Initiative, administrated by US AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0481. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 113115 DI 10.1063/1.3039799 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000016 ER PT J AU Lynch, C Bliss, DF Zens, T Lin, A Harris, JS Kuo, PS Fejer, MM AF Lynch, C. Bliss, D. F. Zens, T. Lin, A. Harris, J. S. Kuo, P. S. Fejer, M. M. TI Growth of mm-thick orientation-patterned GaAs for IR and THZ generation SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Hydride vapor phase epitaxy; Gallium arsenide; Nonlinear optic materials ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; MATCHED GAAS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; FILMS; DEPOSITION; CONVERSION; HCL AB Low-pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is being used for the regrowth of thick GaAs on orientation-patterned templates for nonlinear optical frequency conversion. We have achieved epitaxial growth rates of 200 mu m/h and produced millimeter-thick films in 10-h-long growth runs. A critical problem in the HVPE regrowth of orientation-patterned GaAs is the preservation of the original patterned structure-during thick growth, the domain walls often bend and annihilate. Measurements indicated that the domain wall bending decreased as the growth temperature was reduced. The substrate miscut and the orientation of unpatterned regions also affect the vertical propagation of domain walls. In this paper we discuss the process improvements which have facilitated the production of millimeter-thick layers with nearly vertical domain walls. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lynch, C.; Bliss, D. F.; Zens, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Lin, A.; Harris, J. S.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kuo, P. S.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lynch, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM candace.lynch@hanscom.af.mil RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 24 BP 5241 EP 5247 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.08.050 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 390WH UT WOS:000262193900002 ER PT J AU Ghosh, S Mallick, S Banerjee, K Grein, C Velicu, S Zhao, J Silversmith, D Rodriguez, JB Plis, E Krishna, S AF Ghosh, Siddhartha Mallick, Shubhrangshu Banerjee, Koushik Grein, Christoph Velicu, Silviu Zhao, Jun Silversmith, Don Rodriguez, Jean Baptist Plis, Elena Krishna, Sanjay TI Low-Noise Mid-Wavelength Infrared Avalanche Photodiodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Mid-wavelength infrared; strain layer superlattice; mercury cadmium telluride; avalanche photodiode; multiplication gain; excess noise factor; molecular beam epitaxy ID CARRIER LIFETIMES; HGCDTE; SUPERLATTICES; DETECTORS; INAS; GAIN AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) p(+)-n(-)-n(+) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) were fabricated using two materials systems, one with mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) on a silicon (Si) substrate and the other with an indium arsenide/gallium antimonide (InAs/GaSb) strained layer superlattice (SLS). Diode characteristics, avalanche characteristics, and excess noise factors were measured for both sets of devices. Maximum zero-bias resistance times active area (R(0)A) of 3 x 10(6) ohm cm(2) and 1.1 x 10(6) ohm cm(2) and maximum multiplication gains of 1250 at - 10 V and 1800 at - 20 V were measured for the HgCdTe and the SLS, respectively, at 77 K. Gains reduce to 200 in either case at 120 K. Excess noise factors were almost constant with increasing gain and were measured in the range of 1 to 1.2. C1 [Ghosh, Siddhartha; Mallick, Shubhrangshu; Banerjee, Koushik] Univ Illinois, Lab Photon & Magnet, Dept ECE, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Grein, Christoph] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Velicu, Silviu; Zhao, Jun] EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Silversmith, Don] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Rodriguez, Jean Baptist; Plis, Elena; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, ECE Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Lab Photon & Magnet, Dept ECE, 851 S Morgan St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM sghosh@ece.uic.edu RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste/B-9448-2008 OI Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste/0000-0002-1930-1984 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1764 EP 1769 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0542-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 365AD UT WOS:000260377400003 ER PT J AU Siemon, RE Bauer, BS Awe, TJ Angelova, MA Fuelling, S Goodrich, T Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Reinovsky, RE Turchi, PJ Degnan, JH Ruden, EL Frese, MH Garanin, SF Mokhov, VN AF Siemon, R. E. Bauer, B. S. Awe, T. J. Angelova, M. A. Fuelling, S. Goodrich, T. Lindemuth, I. R. Makhin, V. Atchison, W. L. Faehl, R. J. Reinovsky, R. E. Turchi, P. J. Degnan, J. H. Ruden, E. L. Frese, M. H. Garanin, S. F. Mokhov, V. N. TI The challenge of wall-plasma interaction with pulsed megagauss magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE magneto-inertial fusion; high energy density physics; exploding wires; megagauss fields; brightness temperature; z-pinch; flute instability ID Z-PINCH; COMPRESSION AB A method is described for choosing experimental parameters in studies of high-energy-density (HED) physics relevant to fusion energy, as well as other applications. An important HED issue for magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) is the interaction of metal pusher materials with megagauss (MG) magnetic fields during liner compression of magnetic flux and fusion fuel. The experimental approach described here is to study a stationary conductor when a pulsed current generates MG fields at the surface, instead of studying the inner surface of a moving liner. This places less demand upon the pulsed power system, and significantly improves diagnostic access. Thus the deceptively simple geometry chosen for this work is that of a z pinch composed of a metal cylinder carrying large current. Consideration of well known stability issues for the z pinch shows that for given peak current and rise time from a particular power supply, there is a minimum radius and thus maximum B field that can be created without disruption of the conductor before peak current. The reasons are reviewed why MG levels of magnetic field, as required for MIF, result in high temperatures and plasma formation at the surface of the metal in response to Ohmic heating. The distinction is noted between the liner regime obtained with cylindrical rods, which have a skin depth small compared to the conductor radius, and the exploding thin-wire regime, which has skin depth larger than the wire radius. A means of diagnostic development is described using a small facility (DPM15) built at the University of Nevada, Reno. It is argued that surface plasma temperature measurements in the 10-eV range are feasible based on the intensity of visible light emission. C1 [Siemon, R. E.; Bauer, B. S.; Awe, T. J.; Angelova, M. A.; Fuelling, S.; Goodrich, T.; Lindemuth, I. R.; Makhin, V.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Atchison, W. L.; Faehl, R. J.; Reinovsky, R. E.; Turchi, P. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Degnan, J. H.; Ruden, E. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Frese, M. H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Garanin, S. F.; Mokhov, V. N.] VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. RP Siemon, RE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM siemon@unr.edu FU DOE OFES [DE-FG02-04ER54752, DE-FG02-06ER54892]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by DOE OFES grants DE-FG02-04ER54752, and DE-FG02-06ER54892. The streak camera was made available by George Rodriguez and Peter Goodwin at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s10894-008-9144-3 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 354WY UT WOS:000259671800002 ER PT J AU Carrell, SE Malmstrom, FV West, JE AF Carrell, Scott E. Malmstrom, Frederick V. West, James E. TI Peer effects in academic cheating SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID ATTENDANCE; DISHONESTY; BEHAVIOR; CRIME; BIAS AB Using self-reported academic cheating from the classes of 1959 through 2002 at the three major United States military service academies (Air Force, Army, and Navy), we measure how peer cheating influences individual cheating behavior. We find higher levels of peer cheating result in a substantially increased probability that an individual will cheat. One additional college student who cheated in high school drives approximately 0.33 to 0.47 additional college students to cheat. One additional college cheater drives approximately 0.61 to 0.75 additional college students to cheat. These results imply, in equilibrium, the social multiplier for academic cheating is approximately three. C1 [Carrell, Scott E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Malmstrom, Frederick V.] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Character Dev, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Carrell, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM SeCarrell@ucdavis.edu; Fred.Malmstrom@usafa.edu; Jim.West@usafa.edu OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 49 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 25 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0022-166X J9 J HUM RESOUR JI J. Hum. Resour. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 173 EP 207 PG 35 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 256AN UT WOS:000252700200006 ER PT J AU Mann, AB Naik, RR DeLong, HC Sandhage, KH AF Mann, Adrian B. Naik, Rajesh R. DeLong, Hugh C. Sandhage, Kenneth H. TI BIOMIMETIC AND BIO-ENABLED MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mann, Adrian B.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeLong, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Mann, AB (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Mann, Adrian/A-3992-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3137 EP 3139 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0418 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 379YJ UT WOS:000261432200001 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Burke, J Brunke, L Wang, H Lee, JH Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, C. V. Burke, J. Brunke, L. Wang, H. Lee, J. H. Barnes, P. N. TI Critical current density and microstructure variations in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) + BaSnO(3) films with different concentrations of BaSnO(3) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTOR APPLICATIONS; SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODOTS; BASNO3 NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; ENHANCEMENT; DISPERSIONS; PERFORMANCE; NANORODS AB Previous work YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) (YBCO) + BaSnO(3) (BSO) films with a single composition showed significant critical current density (J(c)) improvements at higher fields but lowered J(c) in low fields. A detailed study on BSO concentrations provided here demonstrates that significant J(c) enhancement can occur even up to 20 mol% BSO inclusion, where typical particulate inclusions in these concentrations degrade the YBCO performance. YBCO + BSO films were processed on (100) LaAlO(3) substrates using premixed targets of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) (YBCO) with additions of 2, 4, 10, and 20 mol% BSO. The cirtical transition temperature T(c) of the films remained high (>87 K), even with large amounts (20 mol%) of BSO. YBCO + BSO films showed a gradual increase in J(c) at high fields as the amount of BSO was increased. More than an order of magnitude increase in J(c) was measured in YBCO + BSO samples as compared to regular YBCO at 4 T, YBCO + 10 mol% BSO films showed overall improvement at all the field ranges while YBCO + 20 mol% BSO was better only at high fields. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence similar to 7-8-nm-diameter BSO nanocolumns, the density of which increased with increasing BSO content correlating well with the observed improvements in J(c). C1 [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.; Brunke, L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.; Brunke, L.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, H.; Lee, J. H.] Texas A&M, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-01-0108]; Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory supported this work. The TEM effort is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research program (Contract No. FA9550-07-01-0108). The authors also wish to thank Maartense for the Tc measurements and Jose Rodriguez for estimating the alpha values. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3363 EP 3369 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0412 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 379YJ UT WOS:000261432200032 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Haus, JW Zhan, QW Nelson, RL AF Wu, Zhi Haus, Joseph W. Zhan, Qiwen Nelson, Robert L. TI LONG RANGE SURFACE PLASMON DEVICES DESIGN USING SUBWAVELENGTH METAL GRATING SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Plasmonics; moduator; spectral filter ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; LIGHT-MODULATOR; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; RESONANCE; SENSORS; FILMS; IMPLEMENTATION; FILTERS; ANGLE AB In this paper we review a new electro-optic devices design strategy using long range surface plasmon (LRSP) excitation along subwavelength metal grating. It is shown that LRSP can be excited on extremely thin subwavelength metal grating embedded in symmetric dielectric ambient. Due to coupling and propagation of LRSP between the metal grating nanowires, a super-narrow reflection dip can be obtained. Compared with conventional LRSP along metal thin film, much narrower resonance is achieved through decreased damping from the existence of large dielectric gaps between the grating nanowires. This interesting phenomenon can be used to design electro-optics devices with improved performance. Examples of electro-optic modulator design with lower insertion loss and low operating voltage and spectral notch filter design with very narrow spectral width will be shown. Its application in refractive index sensing is also discussed. C1 [Wu, Zhi; Haus, Joseph W.; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, Z (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) Graduate Scholarship; AFOSR FX Zhi Wu is supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) Graduate Scholarship. Robert L. Nelson is also supported by the AFOSR. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-8635 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 413 EP 423 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 411VD UT WOS:000263679500007 ER PT J AU Lefkowitz, W Rosenberg, SH AF Lefkowitz, W. Rosenberg, S. H. TI Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: pathway from disease to long-term outcome SO JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; PULMONARY OUTCOMES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DEXAMETHASONE; DEFINITIONS; CRITERIA; THERAPY; HEALTH C1 [Lefkowitz, W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lefkowitz, W (reprint author), 22703 Llano Sound, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. EM wlefkowitz@usuhs.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0743-8346 J9 J PERINATOL JI J. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 12 BP 837 EP 840 DI 10.1038/jp.2008.110 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 379SU UT WOS:000261417300010 PM 19034291 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Hay, RS Fair, GE AF Boakye, Emmanuel E. Mogilevsky, Pavel Hay, Randall S. Fair, Geoff E. TI Synthesis and Phase Composition of Lanthanide Phosphate Nanoparticles LnPO(4) (Ln=La, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y) and Solid Solutions for Fiber Coatings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ORTHOPHOSPHATES; SPHERICAL RHABDOPHANE SOLS; PHOSPHORIC-ACID SOLUTION; MONAZITE COATINGS; TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; GADOLINIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS; XENOTIME AB Rare earth phosphates with rare earths of Gd, Tb, and Dy can form either monazite or xenotime. Hydrated lanthanide phosphate precursors to monazite and xenotime were made in aqueous solution. The particles were formed by adding dilute phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to either; (a) lanthanide citrate (Ln-Cit) or (b) lanthanide nitrate (LnNO(3)) [Ln=La, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Y] solutions followed by altering the pH from similar to 1 to similar to 10 with ammonium hydroxide. Precursor particle size and morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, (SEM) and weight loss was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The phase presence at temperature was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction. The influence of precursor preparation method on the presence of either monazite or xenotime after heat treatment is discussed. C1 [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Mogilevsky, Pavel] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hay, Randall S.; Fair, Geoff E.] Wright Patterson AFB, Mat Directorate, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM emmanuel.boakye@wpafb.af.mil FU USAF [FA8650-04-D-5233] FX This work was performed under USAF Contract #: FA8650-04-D-5233. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3841 EP 3849 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02737.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 384AC UT WOS:000261714700003 ER PT J AU Kurdi, MH Haftka, RT Schmitz, TL Mann, BP AF Kurdi, Mohammad H. Haftka, Raphael T. Schmitz, Tony L. Mann, Brian P. TI A Robust Semi-Analytical Method for Calculating the Response Sensitivity of a Time Delay System SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SURFACE LOCATION ERROR; MILLING PROCESS; STABILITY AB It is often necessary to establish the sensitivity of an engineering system's response to variations in the process/control parameters. Applications of the calculated sensitivity include gradient-based optimization and uncertainty quantification, which generally require an efficient and robust sensitivity calculation method. In this paper, the sensitivity of the milling process, which can be modeled by a set of time delay differential equations, to variations in the input parameters is calculated. The semi-analytical derivative of the maximum eigenvalue provides the necessary information for determining the sensitivity of the process stability to input variables. Comparison with the central finite difference derivative of the stability boundary shows that the semi-analytical approach is more efficient and robust with respect to step size and numerical accuracy of the response. An investigation of the source of inaccuracy of the finite difference approximation found that it is caused by discontinuities associated with the iterative process of root finding using the bisection method. C1 [Kurdi, Mohammad H.; Haftka, Raphael T.; Schmitz, Tony L.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mann, Brian P.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kurdi, MH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, 2210 8th St,B146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mhkurdi@gmail.com RI Kurdi, Mohammad/A-3551-2009 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2008 VL 130 IS 6 AR 064504 DI 10.1115/1.2981093 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 364BD UT WOS:000260310300013 ER PT J AU Kleiman, MP AF Kleiman, Michael P. TI New corrosion control facility opens at Kirtland Air Force Base SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Kleiman, MP (reprint author), 377th Air Base Wing Publ Affairs, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM Michael.Kleiman@kirtland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 12 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 381NT UT WOS:000261543900004 ER PT J AU Szczepanski, CJ Jha, SK Larsen, JM Jones, JW AF Szczepanski, C. J. Jha, S. K. Larsen, J. M. Jones, J. W. TI Microstructural Influences on Very-High-Cycle Fatigue-Crack Initiation in Ti-6246 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; FAILURE MODES; TI-6AL-4V; LIFE; MECHANISMS; ORIGINS; METALS; GROWTH; CURVE AB The fatigue behavior of an alpha + beta titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, has been characterized in the very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime using ultrasonic-fatigue (20 kHz) techniques. Stress levels (sigma(max)) of 40 to 60 pct of the yield strength of this alloy have been examined. Fatigue lifetimes in the range of 10(6) to 10(9) cycles are observed, and fatigue cracks initiate from both surface and subsurface sites. This study examines the mechanisms of fatigue-crack formation by quantifying critical microstructural features observed in the fatigue-crack initiation region. The fracture surface near the fatigue-crack-initiation site was crystallographic in nature. Facets, which result from the fracture of primary alpha (alpha(p)) grains, are associated with the crack-initiation process. The alpha(p) grains that form facets are typically larger in size than average. The spatial distribution of alpha(p) grains relative to each other observed near the initiation site did not correlate with fatigue life. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of alpha(p) grains did not provide a suitable means for discerning crack-initiation sites from randomly selected nominal areas. Stereofractography measurements have shown that the facets observed at or near the initiation sites are oriented for high shear stress; i.e., they are oriented close to 45 deg with respect to the loading axis. Furthermore, a large majority of the grains and laths near the site of crack initiation are preferentially oriented for either basal or prism slip, suggesting that regions where alpha(p) grains and alpha laths have similar crystallographic orientations favor crack initiation. Microtextured regions with favorable and similar orientations of alpha(p) grains and the lath alpha are believed to promote cyclic-strain accumulation by basal and prism slip. Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) indicates that these facets form on the basal plane of alpha(p) grains. The absence of a significant role of spatial clustering of alpha(p) grains, coupled with the observation of regions of microtexture on the order of 300 to 500 mu m supports the idea that variability in fatigue life in the very-high-cycle fatigue regime results from the variability in the nature (intensity, coherence, and size) of these microtextured regions. C1 [Szczepanski, C. J.; Jones, J. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Szczepanski, C. J.; Larsen, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, S. K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Szczepanski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM christopher.szczepanski@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR Metallic Materials Program [F49620-03-1-0069]; AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank the AFOSR Metallic Materials Program (Project No. F49620-03-1-0069) for financial support. One of the authors (CJS) thanks the STEP program at the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for funding. The authors also thank C. Torbet, University of Michigan, for technical assistance. NR 39 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 12 BP 2841 EP 2851 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9633-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 365AK UT WOS:000260378100006 ER PT J AU Sargent, GA Zane, AP Fagin, PN Ghosh, AK Semiatin, SL AF Sargent, G. A. Zane, A. P. Fagin, P. N. Ghosh, A. K. Semiatin, S. L. TI Low-Temperature Coarsening and Plastic Flow Behavior of an Alpha/Beta Titanium Billet Material with an Ultrafine Microstructure SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; HOT-WORKING; ENHANCED SUPERPLASTICITY; VOLUME FRACTION; SELF-DIFFUSION; HEAT-TREATMENT; BETA-TITANIUM; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH AB The influence of microstructure evolution on the low-temperature superplasticity of ultrafine alpha/beta titanium alloys was established. For this purpose, the static and dynamic coarsening response and plastic flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V with a submicrocrystalline microstructure were determined via a series of heat treatments and uniaxaial compression tests at temperatures of 650 degrees C, 775 degrees C, and 815 degrees C. At all test temperatures, static coarsening exhibited diffusion-controlled (r(3) vs time) kinetics and followed a dependence on phase composition and volume fraction qualitatively similar to previous observations at 850 degrees C to 950 degrees C. Dynamic coarsening at 775 degrees C and 815 degrees C and strain rates of 10(-4) and 10(-3) s(-1) were similar to prior higher-temperature observations as well in that the kinetics were approximately one order of magnitude faster than the corresponding static behaviors. The increase in coarsening rate with superimposed deformation was attributed to the enhancement of diffusion by dislocations generated in the softer beta phase. With respect to deformation response, plastic flow was superplastic with m values of similar to 0.6 at 650 degrees C, 775 degrees C, and 815 degrees C and strain rates of 10(-4) and 10(-3) s(-1). Dynamic coarsening resulted in flow hardening at both temperatures and strain rates for a short preheat time (15 minutes) but was noticeably reduced when a longer preheat time (1 hour) was used prior to testing at 10(-3) s(-1). The latter behavior was largely attributed to noticeable static coarsening during preheating. A generalized constitutive relation based on a single stress exponent and the instantaneous alpha particle size was shown to describe the superplastic flow of ultrafine Ti-6Al-4V at low and high temperatures. C1 [Sargent, G. A.; Fagin, P. N.] UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Zane, A. P.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ghosh, A. K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sargent, GA (reprint author), UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM gsargent@woh.rr.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 12 BP 2949 EP 2964 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9650-y PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 365AK UT WOS:000260378100018 ER PT J AU Kim, SN Kuang, ZF Grote, JG Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Kim, Sang N. Kuang, Zhifeng Grote, James G. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Enrichment of (6,5) Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Genomic DNA SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SEPARATION; SELECTION; DIAMETER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSION; SPECTRA AB Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted attention because of their potential in a vast range of applications, including transistors and sensors. However, immense technological importance lies in enhancing the purity and homogeneity of SWNTs with respect to their chirality for real-world electronic applications. In order to achieve optimal performance of SWNTs, the diameter, type, and chirality have to be effectively sorted. Any employed strategy for sorting SWNTs has to be scalable, nondestructible, and economical. In this paper, we present a solubilization and chirality enrichment study of commercially available SWNTs using genomic DNA. On the basis of the comparison of the photoluminescence (PL) and near-infrared absorption measurements from the SWNTs dispersed with salmon genomic DNA (SaDNA) and d(GT)(20), we show that genomic DNA specifically enriches (6,5) tubes. Circular dichroism and classical all-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the genomic double-stranded SaDNA prefers to interact with (6,5) SWNTs as compared to (10,3) tubes, meanwhile single-stranded d(GT)(20) shows no or minimal chirality preference. Our enrichment process demonstrates enrichment of >86% of (6,5) SWNTs from CoMoCat nanotubes using SaDNA. C1 [Kim, Sang N.; Kuang, Zhifeng; Grote, James G.; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council Research FX This research was performed while Dr. Kim held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Funding for this work was provided by AFOSR. The authors thank Professor L. Dai and Mr. F. Du at the University of Dayton for the help in PLE emission measurement and Mrs. K. M. Singh at AFRL for gel electrophoresis and CD measurement. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4415 EP 4420 DI 10.1021/nl802332v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700057 PM 19053794 ER PT J AU Huang, V Sakata, JT Rhen, T Coomber, P Simmonds, S Crews, D AF Huang, Victoria Sakata, Jon T. Rhen, Turk Coomber, Patricia Simmonds, Sarah Crews, David TI Constraints on temperature-dependent sex determination in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius): response to Kratochvil et al. SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Temperature-dependent sex determination; Maternal effects; Leopard gecko; Steroid hormones ID INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; DETERMINING SYSTEMS; YOLK STEROIDS; GONADAL SEX; REPTILE; LIZARD; REVERSAL; COOCCURRENCE; EXPRESSION; ESTRADIOL AB Kratochvil et al. (Naturwissenschaften 95:209-215, 2008) reported recently that in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) of the family Eublepharidae with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), clutches in which eggs were incubated at the same temperature produce only same-sex siblings. Interpreting this result in light of studies of sex steroid hormone involvement in sex determination, they suggested that maternally derived yolk steroid hormones could constrain sex-determining mechanisms in TSD reptiles. We have worked extensively with this species and have routinely incubated clutches at constant temperatures. To test the consistency of high frequency same-sex clutches across different incubation temperatures, we examined our records of clutches at the University of Texas at Austin from 1992 to 2001. We observed that clutches in which eggs were incubated at the same incubation temperature produced mixed-sex clutches as well as same-sex clutches. Furthermore, cases in which eggs within a clutch were separated and incubated at different temperatures produced the expected number of mixed-sex clutches. These results suggest that maternal influences on sex determination are secondary relative to incubation temperature effects. C1 [Huang, Victoria; Simmonds, Sarah; Crews, David] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sakata, Jon T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Keck Ctr Integrat Neurosci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Rhen, Turk] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Coomber, Patricia] USAF, Dayton, OH USA. RP Crews, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM crews@mail.utexas.edu FU NIH [MH57874]; NSF [IOS 0750938] FX We thank the continuing support of NIH (MH57874) and NSF (IOS 0750938). We also thank Dr. Jim Bull for his feedback and Dr. Lukas Kratochvil and two anonymous reviewers for constructive recommendations. The breeding of leopard geckos from 1992 to 2001 followed the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol A1469. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1137 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s00114-008-0433-5 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 363UT UT WOS:000260293100003 PM 18690420 ER PT J AU Cole, WP Marciniak, MA Haeri, MB AF Cole, Walter P. Marciniak, Michael A. Haeri, Mitchell B. TI Atmospheric-turbulence-effects correction factors for the laser range equation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE range equation; retroreflection; laser illumination; atmospheric turbulence; near infrared; optical cross section ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAM PROPAGATION; MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION; OPTICAL SCINTILLATION; INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM; WAVE-PROPAGATION; FLUCTUATIONS; MEDIA; REFLECTION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The capability to detect an optical target using laser illumination is typically assessed using an equation commonly referred to as the laser range equation. In practice, however, the laser range equation often produces unreliable predictions when compared to actual results under field conditions. The lack of accuracy is due in large part to the failure of the range equation to account for the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the illuminating laser beam. Retrodirective reflections from a corner cube and a simple lens-mirror system, used as a surrogate for a lens-detector optical system, were studied using near-infrared laser illumination. Each optic was tested under a variety of atmospheric conditions in order to assess the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the returned power. Using established theory, a corrective term for use in the laser range equation that accounts for turbulence-induced beam spreading is developed and compared to experimental results. Additionally, a method for correcting the lab-measured optical cross section of a focused optical system in order to account for the defocusing effects of turbulence is developed. With these corrective terms, the laser range equation was modified to provide accurate return-power predictions under varied atmospheric conditions. (c) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3050419] C1 [Cole, Walter P.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haeri, Mitchell B.] Raytheon Co, Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Cole, WP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM walter.p.cole@us.army.mil NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 12 AR 126001 DI 10.1117/1.3050419 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 406OF UT WOS:000263304100020 ER PT J AU Fernelius, NC Tang, YJ Hartwick, TS Tang, SN AF Fernelius, Nils C. Tang, Yuanji Hartwick, Thomas S. Tang, Suning TI Laser performance study of mixed vanadate crystals Nd: Y(x)Gd(1-x)VO(4) with direct and indirect pumping SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE solid state lasers; mixed vanadate crystals; direct excitation; indirect excitation; laser efficiency ID END-PUMPED LASER; ND-YVO4; OPERATION; EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; ND-GDVO4; MIRROR; LEVEL; ARRAY; YAG AB We present, for the first time, comparative studies of laser performance in the mixed vanadate crystals Nd: Y(x)Gd(1-x)VO(4) with direct and indirect pumping. A series of mixed vanadate crystals Nd: Y(x)Gd(1-x)VO(4) with different yttrium and gadolinium composition ratios but the same Nd(3+) dopant level is prepared under the same fabrication processes and their laser performance in the TEM(00) mode operation is studied using the same experimental configuration under direct pumping with laser diodes at 880 nm as well as indirect pumping at 808 nm. Remarkable improvement in laser efficiency and maximum achievable output power is achieved under direct 880-nm excitation over indirect 808-nm excitation. The maximum optical slope efficiency in the TEM00 mode operation is 74% with direct 880-nm pumping, which also produces the maximum overall optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 59%. The maximum attainable laser power is up to 50% higher under direct 880-nm pumping over the more conventional 808-nm pumping. These achieved results provide valuable insight into crystal composition selection and pump schemes for the mixed vanadate crystals, which have the potential to tailor laser parameters through crystal composition engineering. (c) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3041762] C1 [Fernelius, Nils C.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tang, Yuanji; Hartwick, Thomas S.; Tang, Suning] Crystal Res Inc, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Fernelius, NC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM suningtang@eocrystal.com FU U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Missile Defense Agency (MDA) [F33615-03-M-5437, FA8650-04-C-5433] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and Missile Defense Agency (MDA). Most of this work was done under Air Force contracts F33615-03-M-5437 and FA8650-04-C-5433. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 12 AR 124201 DI 10.1117/1.3041762 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 406OF UT WOS:000263304100015 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Sell, J Knize, R AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Sell, J. Knize, R. J. TI Cesium vapor laser with transverse pumping by multiple laser diode arrays SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alkali lasers; Optically pumped lasers AB We have demonstrated a Cs vapor laser that utilizes fifteen laser diode arrays for transverse pumping of the gain medium. A maximum output power of 28 W was achieved with a total optical to optical efficiency of 14% and a slope efficiency of 15%. Transverse pumping allows scaling of such a laser system to a higher power level by simple increasing of the gain medium volume and the number of pump sources. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Sell, J.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers, and the National Science Foundation. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 281 IS 23 BP 5862 EP 5863 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2008.08.046 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 378AS UT WOS:000261294100040 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Ellis, MW Trevino, S Rajnik, M AF McAdams, Ryan M. Ellis, Michael W. Trevino, Sherry Rajnik, Michael TI Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in a neonatal intensive care unit SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE infant; infection control; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; USA300 ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; EMERGENCE; STRAINS; COLONIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; HOUSEHOLDS AB Reports of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and in otherwise healthy patients without obvious risk factors have been increasing in frequency. Described herein is a cluster of cases of CA-MRSA USA300 strains in an NICU affecting infants, health-care workers and the health-care workers' families. Infants and health-care workers with infection and colonization due to MRSA between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2005 in a tertiary care center NICU in San Antonio, TX were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction detection of the mecA gene characterized the MRSA isolates. All MRSA cases were reviewed for clinical severity of infection and outcome. During the 18 months studied, a total of four (0.6%) of 676 infants had CA-MRSA bacteremia or colonization. One infant with necrotizing pneumonia died and three health-care workers who directly cared for the infected infants developed soft-tissue infections caused by CA-MRSA. Four family members of two health-care workers subsequently developed soft-tissue infections. All of the analyzed isolates (eight of nine) belonged to pulsed-field type USA300 and possessed Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, which have been associated with severe skin and soft-tissue infections, and necrotizing pneumonia. It is likely that the CA-MRSA USA300 strain can be transmitted between NICU patients to health-care workers and their family members. The CA-MRSA cases reported here reinforce the virulence of CA-MRSA USA300 strains and emphasize the need to embrace infection control practices designed to protect hospitalized patients, health-care workers and their family members. C1 [McAdams, Ryan M.] US Naval Hosp Okinawa, Dept Neonatol, Fpo, AP 963621600, Japan. [McAdams, Ryan M.] 18th Med Grp, Kadena Air Base, Japan. [McAdams, Ryan M.; Rajnik, Michael] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Trevino, Sherry] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Ellis, Michael W.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX USA. [Rajnik, Michael] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP McAdams, RM (reprint author), US Naval Hosp Okinawa, Dept Neonatol, PSC 482, Fpo, AP 963621600, Japan. EM ryan.mcadams@.med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1328-8067 J9 PEDIATR INT JI Pediatr. Int. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 50 IS 6 BP 810 EP 815 DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02646.x PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 374YU UT WOS:000261080400004 PM 19067897 ER PT J AU McHugh, JP Jumper, GY Chun, M AF McHugh, John P. Jumper, George Y. Chun, Mark TI Balloon Thermosonde Measurements over Mauna Kea and Comparison with Seeing Measurements SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article AB Optical turbulence was measured over Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii using thermosondes suspended from ascending balloons. A sequence of nine balloons were launched, three each on the nights of 2002 December 12, 13, and 17. The results are used to determine a profile of C(n)(2); then an integral of C(n)(2) produces a profile of seeing, which clearly shows the altitudes that primarily contribute to the value of seeing at the summit of Mauna Kea. The results show that when seeing is generally good, then all altitudes contribute equally to the seeing. When the seeing is poor, several distinct altitudes are responsible. Further measurements were made simultaneously with a DIMM seeing monitor, located on the summit of Mauna Kea. The DIMM and the thermosonde show good agreement, although the thermosonde always underpredicts the seeing at the summit. C1 [McHugh, John P.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jumper, George Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Chun, Mark] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP McHugh, JP (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 874 BP 1318 EP 1324 DI 10.1086/595871 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 385XS UT WOS:000261847500007 ER PT J AU Carroll, MB Bond, MI AF Carroll, Matthew B. Bond, Michael I. TI Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection SO SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Review DE tumor necrosis factor alpha; hepatitis B; etanercept; infliximab; adalimumab ID CHRONIC VIRAL-HEPATITIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; TNF-ALPHA; INFLIXIMAB THERAPY; CROHNS-DISEASE; T-CELLS; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; BIOLOGIC THERAPIES; REACTIVATION AB Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors have emerged as a potent treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but not Without significant risks. In chronic hepatitis B viral infection TNF-alpha is readily produced, and viral clearance is dependent on the amount bioavailable. Limited data suggest that TNF-a inhibitors may facilitate uncontrolled hepatitis B viral replication. The purpose of this article was to provide a detailed review of the role of TNF-alpha in controlling hepatitis B vital infection and the clinical impact blockade might have on viral control. Methods: We describe a patient with chronic hepatitis B viral infection and RA treated with etanercept. We then review case reports, expert opinion, and manufacturer recommendations regarding hepatitis B viral infection, TNF-alpha, and TNF-alpha inhibitors. Results: To date, 13 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors have been reported: 11 with infliximab and 2 with etanercept. Some patients received antiviral therapy For hepatitis B (specifically, lamivudine) before, during, or after TNF-alpha inhibitors were started. Clinically apparent reactivation of hepatitis B virus typically Occurred 1 month after the 3rd dose of infliximab. Etanercept was not associated with a similar reactivation. The difference between infliximab and etanercept in viral reactivation may be linked to the pharmacologic difference of each medication. Conclusions: TNF-alpha inhibitors in general should be used cautiously In chronic hepatitis B viral infection. But if necessary, when deciding which agent to use, the clinician should consider the mechanism by which the body clears TNF-alpha. C1 [Carroll, Matthew B.; Bond, Michael I.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SAUSHEC, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Carroll, MB (reprint author), 301 1st St, Keesler AFB, MS 39564 USA. EM matthew.carroll@keesler.af.mil NR 58 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0049-0172 J9 SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU JI Semin. Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.10.011 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 382RC UT WOS:000261622100004 PM 18221983 ER PT J AU Vrsnak, B Cliver, EW AF Vrsnak, Bojan Cliver, Edward W. TI Origin of Coronal Shock Waves Invited Review SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Shock waves; Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares ID II RADIO-BURSTS; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; 2002 JULY 23; MASS EJECTION; EIT WAVES; WHITE-LIGHT; H-ALPHA; FLARE WAVES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS AB The basic idea of the paper is to present transparently and confront two different views on the origin of large-scale coronal shock waves, one favoring coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the other one preferring flares. For this purpose, we first review the empirical aspects of the relationship between CMEs, flares, and shocks (as manifested by radio type II bursts and Moreton waves). Then, various physical mechanisms capable of launching MHD shocks are presented. In particular, we describe the shock wave formation caused by a three-dimensional piston, driven either by the CME expansion or by a flare-associated pressure pulse. Bearing in mind this theoretical framework, the observational characteristics of CMEs and flares are revisited to specify advantages and drawbacks of the two shock formation scenarios. Finally, we emphasize the need to document clear examples of flare-ignited large-scale waves to give insight on the relative importance of flare and CME generation mechanisms for type II bursts/Moreton waves. C1 [Vrsnak, Bojan] Hvar Observ, Fac Geodesy, Zagreb, Croatia. [Cliver, Edward W.] USAF, Res Lab, Res Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Vrsnak, B (reprint author), Hvar Observ, Fac Geodesy, Zagreb, Croatia. EM bvrsnak@geof.hr FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8655-06-1-3036] FX We thank the referee and the guest editor K.-L. Klein for helpful and stimulating comments. E. W. C. acknowledges support from the Window on Europe Program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. B. V. acknowledges support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, USAF, grant number FA8655-06-1-3036. NR 115 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 253 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9241-5 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382AJ UT WOS:000261576700015 ER PT J AU Maynard, JL Bell, JE Johnson, AW AF Maynard, Jill L. Bell, John E. Johnson, Alan W. TI Frustrated Hazardous Material: Military and Commercial Training Implications SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Maynard, Jill L.; Johnson, Alan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bell, John E.] Georgia Coll & State Univ, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA. RP Maynard, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 EYE ST, NW, SUITE 1050, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 PG 13 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA V16IY UT WOS:000207864500003 ER PT J AU Levine, DS Perlovsky, LI AF Levine, Daniel S. Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI SIMPLIFYING HEURISTICS VERSUS CAREFUL THINKING: SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF MILLENNIAL SPIRITUAL ISSUES SO ZYGON LA English DT Article DE amygdala; anterior cingulate cortex; beautiful; biblical story of the fall; brain; causality; cognitive science; creativity; decision making; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; effort minimization; emotions; evolutionary adaptations; frontal lobes; heuristics; knowledge instinct; neural networks; original sin; psychology; risk; sublime; teleology ID HUMAN BRAIN; ATTENTION; CORTEX; CONSCIOUSNESS; LIKELIHOOD; DISSONANCE; EMOTION; SEARCH; BIASES; LINK AB There is ample evidence that humans (and other primates) possess a knowledge instinct-a biologically driven impulse to make coherent sense of the world at the highest level possible. Yet behavioral decision-making data suggest a contrary biological drive to minimize cognitive effort by solving problems using simplifying heuristics. Individuals differ, and the same person varies over time, in the strength of the knowledge instinct. Neuroimaging studies suggest which brain regions might mediate the balance between knowledge expansion and heuristic simplification. One region implicated in primary emotional experience is more activated in individuals who use primitive heuristics, whereas two areas of the cortex are more activated in individuals with a strong knowledge drive: one region implicated in detecting risk or conflict and another implicated in generating creative ideas. Knowledge maximization and effort minimization are both evolutionary adaptations, and both are valuable in different contexts. Effort minimization helps us make minor and routine decisions efficiently, whereas knowledge maximization connects us to the beautiful, to the sublime, and to our highest aspirations. We relate the opposition between the knowledge instinct and heuristics to the biblical story of the fall, and argue that the causal scientific worldview is mathematically equivalent to teleological arguments from final causes. Elements of a scientific program are formulated to address unresolved issues. C1 [Levine, Daniel S.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Psychol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] USAF, Res Lab, SN, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Levine, DS (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Psychol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM levine@uta.edu; leonid@seas.harvard.edu NR 61 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0591-2385 J9 ZYGON JI Zygon PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 797 EP 821 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00961.x PG 25 WC Social Issues; Religion SC Social Issues; Religion GA 375JO UT WOS:000261110200004 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Lindsay, CM Miller, RE AF Lewis, William K. Lindsay, C. Michael Miller, Roger E. TI Ionization and fragmentation of isomeric van der Waals complexes embedded in helium nanodroplets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE charge exchange; drops; electron impact dissociation; electron impact ionisation; helium; mass spectra; quasimolecules ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; LIQUID-HELIUM; CHARGE-TRANSFER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLUSTERS; DROPLETS; SPECTROSCOPY; IONS; MOLECULES; HE-4 AB The ionization and charge transfer processes, which occur when a doped helium droplet undergoes electron impact, are studied for droplets doped with van der Waals complexes with various structures and electrostatic moments. The mass spectra of the two isomers of hydrogen cyanide complexed with either cyanoacetylene or acetylene in helium droplets were obtained using optically selected mass spectrometry, and show that the structure of the complex has a large effect on the fragmentation pattern. The resulting fragmentation pattern is consistent with an ionization process in which charge steering strongly influences the site of initial ionization. The observed dissociation products may also be subject to caging by the helium matrix. C1 [Lewis, William K.; Lindsay, C. Michael; Miller, Roger E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lewis, William K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lindsay, C. Michael] USAF, Res Lab, RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM lewiswik@notes.udayton.edu FU NSF [CHE-04-46594]; Pfizer FX Financial support for this research was provided by Pfizer. Partial support was also acknowledged from the NSF (Grant No. CHE-04-46594). NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 20 AR 201101 DI 10.1063/1.3025917 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 396QV UT WOS:000262607100001 PM 19045843 ER PT J AU Liu, CH He, HY Pandey, R Hussain, S Karna, SP AF Liu, Chunhui He, Haiying Pandey, Ravindra Hussain, Saber Karna, Shashi P. TI Interaction of Metallic Nanoparticles with a Biologically Active Molecule, Dopamine SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CLUSTERS; NANOMATERIALS; CONFORMATION; DYNAMICS AB We present the results of first-principles molecular orbital calculations describing the interaction of metallic nanoparticles, represented by Mn-13, Ag-13, and Al-13 atomic clusters, with a biologically active molecule, dopamine. The interaction strength, determined in terms of the nanoparticle-molecule complex binding energy, is found to be higher for Mn than either Ag or Al and can be explained in terms of the degree of the hybridization of the (metal) atomic orbitals with the molecular orbitals in the complex. Furthermore, smaller interaction strength of these metallic nanoparticles with water compared to that with dopamine predicts the preference of forming a complex of dopamine with the metallic nanoparticles in the aqueous solution. The calculated results may therefore suggest that the presence of these metallic nanoparticles could induce different levels of dopamine depletion in solution. C1 [Liu, Chunhui; He, Haiying; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Liu, Chunhui; He, Haiying; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Multiscale Technol Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hussain, Saber] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pandey, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM pandey@mtu.edu FU DARPA [ARL-DAAD 17-03-C-0115] FX Helpful discussions with R. Scheicher, S. Gowtham, and K. C. Lau are acknowledged. The work at Michigan Technological University was supported by DARPA (contract No. ARL-DAAD 17-03-C-0115). NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 27 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 47 BP 15256 EP 15259 DI 10.1021/jp808009t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 374PO UT WOS:000261056400068 PM 18983187 ER PT J AU Malingre, M Berthelier, JJ Pfaff, R Jasperse, J Parrot, M AF Malingre, M. Berthelier, J. -J. Pfaff, R. Jasperse, J. Parrot, M. TI Lightning-induced lower-hybrid turbulence and trapped Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves observed in deep equatorial plasma density depletions during intense magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE ION-ACCELERATION; PROCESSING ONBOARD DEMETER; SOLITARY STRUCTURES; SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES; AURORAL IONOSPHERE; FIELD EXPERIMENT; LINE RADIATION; JULY 15; BUBBLES; CAVITIES AB During the early phase of the intense magnetic storm of 7-11 November 2004, the DEMETER satellite encountered large-scale equatorial plasma density depletions with density decreases of two or three orders of magnitude. Wave measurements carried out inside these depletions show the occurrence of broadband and localized lower-hybrid turbulence triggered by whistlers propagating from thunderstorm lightning occurring below the orbit path. High-sample-rate waveforms reveal that this lower-hybrid turbulence can evolve into localized large-amplitude quasi-monochromatic wave packets similar to lower-hybrid structures that were, up to now, only observed in the auroral regions, usually on high-latitude magnetic field lines associated with discrete aurora. These equatorial structures have typical amplitudes of up to 20 mV/m and durations of similar to 20-30 ms. Simultaneous thermal ion measurements show that these bursts are often correlated with small-scale density depletions of 5-10%. Although the lower-hybrid structures are less intense than those observed in the auroral zone and although their energy source is different, our observations lend support to the idea that the formation of lower-hybrid structures is an universal mechanism operating in inhomogeneous magnetized space plasmas in the presence of VLF whistler mode turbulence. Besides the lower-hybrid turbulence, another interesting feature is the occurrence of strong narrowband electromagnetic ELF emissions with amplitudes of a few millivolts per meter at frequencies below the proton gyrofrequency. They are continuously observed throughout the entire depletion. These emissions occur not only within the depletions but also, although less intense, outside of them over a large latitudinal range. They are tentatively identified as magnetospheric line radiations (MLRs) commonly observed during magnetically disturbed periods. Similar events were observed on 15 May 2005 and on 24 August 2005 during two other intense magnetic storms. C1 [Malingre, M.; Berthelier, J. -J.] CNRS, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Pfaff, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jasperse, J.] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA USA. [Parrot, M.] Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France. RP Malingre, M (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, 4 Ave Neptune, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. EM michel.malingre@cetp.ipsl.fr RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU CNES [DEMETER/736/7621]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by funding from CNES under DEMETER/736/7621 grants from 1999 to 2004. J.J. was supported by the Windows-on-Europe-Program at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A11 AR A11320 DI 10.1029/2008JA013463 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377JM UT WOS:000261247500001 ER PT J AU Salem, AA Glavicic, MG Semiatin, SL AF Salem, A. A. Glavicic, M. G. Semiatin, S. L. TI The effect of preheat temperature and inter-pass reheating on microstructure and texture evolution during hot rolling of Ti-6Al-4V SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V alloy; Hot rolling; Texture; Reheating ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SECONDARY-ALPHA; ANISOTROPY; WORKING; FLOW AB The effect of preheat temperature and inter-pass reheating on microstructure and texture evolution during unidirectional hot rolling of Ti-6A1-4V in the alpha + beta field was investigated. Three different heating schedules were used to roll plates at 10% reduction per pass to a 3:1 total reduction (true strain = 1.15): (1) preheat at 955 degrees C with inter-pass reheating for 3 min, (2) preheat at 955 degrees C without interpass reheating, and (3) preheat at 815 degrees C with inter-pass reheating for 3 min. Following rolling, each plate was air cooled to simulate production practice. The microstructures and textures were determined using electron-backscatter and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results revealed that the intensity of basal poles decreased along the rolling direction and increased along the normal and transverse directions with decreasing rolling (furnace) temperature or the elimination of reheating between passes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salem, A. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavicic, M. G.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Salem, AA (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ayman.salem@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801, FA8650-04-D-5235] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Processing Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. J. Fuller, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of R. Wheeler in conducting the experimental work is much appreciated. Two of the authors were supported through Air Force Contracts F33615-03-D-5801 (AAS) and FA8650-04-D-5235 (MGG). NR 18 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 496 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.05.017 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 368RE UT WOS:000260639400021 ER PT J AU Tuteja, A Choi, W Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Tuteja, Anish Choi, Wonjae Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Robust omniphobic surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Cassie state; composite interface; liquid-repellency; superhydrophobic; superoleophobic ID FIBERS EXHIBITING SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; OIL-REPELLENT SURFACES; ULTRALYOPHOBIC SURFACES; ROUGH SURFACES; CONTACT ANGLES; WATER; DESIGN; LOTUS; DROPS; MODEL AB Superhydrophobic surfaces display water contact angles greater than 150 degrees in conjunction with low contact angle hysteresis. Microscopic pockets of air trapped beneath the water droplets placed on these surfaces lead to a composite solid-liquid-air interface in thermodynamic equilibrium. Previous experimental and theoretical studies suggest that it may not be possible to form similar fully-equilibrated, composite interfaces with drops of liquids, such as alkanes or alcohols, that possess significantly lower surface tension than water (gamma/v = 72.1 mN/m). In this work we develop surfaces possessing re-entrant texture that can support strongly metastable composite solid-liquid-air interfaces, even with very low surface tension liquids such as pentane (gamma/v = 15.7 mN/m). Furthermore, we propose four design parameters that predict the measured contact angles for a liquid droplet on a textured surface, as well as the robustness of the composite interface, based on the properties of the solid surface and the contacting liquid. These design parameters allow us to produce two different families of re-entrant surfaces-randomly-deposited electrospun fiber mats and precisely fabricated microhoodoo surfaces-that can each support a robust composite interface with essentially any liquid. These omniphobic surfaces display contact angles greater than 150 degrees and low contact angle hysteresis with both polar and non-polar liquids possessing a wide range of surface tensions. C1 [Tuteja, Anish; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Choi, Wonjae; McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] Prop Directorate, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Cohen, RE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gareth@mit.edu; recohen@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU Air Force Research Lab Propulsion Directorate [FA9300-06M-T015]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-10272, LRIR-92PL0COR] FX We thank Shreerang Chhatre for his help with various experiments, and Prof. Michael F. Rubner and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the use of various laboratory facilities. This study was funded by financial support from the Air Force Research Lab Propulsion Directorate under contract FA9300-06M-T015 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract FA9550-07-10272 and LRIR-92PL0COR. NR 42 TC 459 Z9 466 U1 32 U2 353 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 47 BP 18200 EP 18205 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804872105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 380TY UT WOS:000261489300031 PM 19001270 ER PT J AU Hunter, CN Check, MH Bultman, JE Voevodin, AA AF Hunter, Chad N. Check, Michael H. Bultman, John E. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Development of matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) for deposition of disperse films of carbon nanoparticles and gold/nanoparticle composite films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAPLE; Laser; Nanopearls; Magnetron sputtering; Nanocomposite ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FOAM-LIKE ARRANGEMENT; NANOPEARLS; SPHERES; GROWTH AB Carbon nanopearls films were deposited onto silicon substrates using MAPLE. A 248 nm, KrF excimer laser was directed onto a target consisting of similar to 150 nm-sized carbon nanopearls dispersed in a solvent solution and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The morphology of deposited carbon nanopearl films found to be influenced by matrix solvent, laser energy, repetition rate, background pressure, and substrate temperature. At ambient laboratory temperatures. the morphology of deposited films was characterized by highly concentrated areas of carbon nanopearls in the shape of hollow rings, caused by impingement of liquid droplets of the solvent/nanopearl suspension on the substrate surface followed by evaporation of the solvent. As the substrate temperature was increased, the size of the liquid droplets reaching the substrate surface decreased; however, the amount of material deposited via evaporation also decreased. The optimal deposition conditions were suggested and used for a hybrid process where laser ablation from frozen dispersion solution targets was combined with sputtering from gold targets. A nanocomposite coating consisting of carbon nanopearls encapsulated in a gold matrix was synthesized using MAPLE and magnetron sputtering simultaneously. This process makes it possible to synthesize nanocomposite films using a nanostructured dispersion solution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hunter, Chad N.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bultman, John E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hunter, CN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBT, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chad.hunter@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 203 IS 3-4 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.09.003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 378YH UT WOS:000261360600017 ER PT J AU Pedersen, T Esposito, R Starks, M McCarrick, M AF Pedersen, Todd Esposito, Robert Starks, Michael McCarrick, Michael TI Quantitative determination of HF radio-induced optical emission production efficiency at high latitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED AIRGLOW; MAGNETIC ZENITH; FREQUENCIES; WAVES; HAARP; 3RD AB A beam-swinging experiment carried out at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program under relatively stable ionospheric conditions has allowed the spatial dependence of HF-induced artificial optical emissions at 630.0 nm to be determined in a quantitative manner for the first time. A forward model accounting for the beam power distribution and beam motion, effective lifetime of the emissions, and integration and sample times of the imager was used to separate the spatial dependence from the many other variables in the experiment. These results show the well-known magnetic zenith spot to account for just over half of an average maximum emission productivity of 4 R/MW and to be superimposed on a broader plateau of enhanced emission productivity. The broader distribution is centered on a point partway between the vertical and the magnetic zenith and drops off similar to 15 degrees from the center of the distribution. Optical emissions from beam positions centered far from vertical are effectively suppressed and are limited to the edge of the beam overlapping the region of higher emission productivity. A simple empirical description of emission generation efficiency captures the average spatial behavior of the 630.0 nm emissions and produces realistic synthetic optical images. Ray tracing through a 4-D data-based ionosphere model showed that HF waves are typically able to reach the upper hybrid resonance over a much wider range of angles than optical emissions are observed, suggesting that the emission cutoff results from the specific excitation mechanism rather than refraction. C1 [Pedersen, Todd; Esposito, Robert; Starks, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [McCarrick, Michael] BAE Syst Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Pedersen, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU HAARP FX HAARP is a Department of Defense program operated jointly by the U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. Work at AFRL was carried out under AFOSR task 2311AS. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A11 AR A11316 DI 10.1029/2008JA013502 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 375XO UT WOS:000261147300004 ER PT J AU Qian, D Eason, T Li, SF Liu, WK AF Qian, Dong Eason, Thomas Li, Shaofan Liu, Wing Kam TI Meshfree simulation of failure modes in thin cylinders subjected to combined loads of internal pressure and localized heat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE meshfree method; crack; thermo-mechanical coupling; damage pressurized cylinder; finite strain ID INFLATED CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; POINT INTERPOLATION METHOD; KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; RAPID RADIAL EXPANSION; PETROV-GALERKIN METHOD; ELASTIC-PLASTIC TUBES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; MESHLESS METHODS; WALLED TUBES AB This paper focuses oil the non-linear responses in thin cylindrical structures subjected to combined mechanical and thermal loads. The coupling effects of mechanical deformation and temperature in the material are considered through the development of a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive Model at finite strain. A meshfree Galerkin approach is used to discretize the weak forms of the energy and momentum equations. Due to the different time scales involved in thermal conduction and failure development. all explicit-implicit time integration scheme is developed to link the time scale differences between the two key mechanisms. We apply the developed approach to the analysis of the failure of cylindrical shell subjected to both heat sources and internal pressure. The numerical results show four different failure modes: dynamic fragmentation, single crack with branch, thermally induced cracks and crack,. due to the combined effects of pressure and temperature. These results illustrate the important roles of thermal and mechanical loads with different time scales. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qian, Dong] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Eason, Thomas] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Li, Shaofan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Wing Kam] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Qian, D (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dong.qian@uc.edu RI Qian, Dong/B-2326-2008; Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Li, Shaofan/G-8082-2011 OI Qian, Dong/0000-0001-9367-0924; Li, Shaofan/0000-0002-6950-1474 FU ASEE Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowhsip; Air Force Research Lab FX The work of D. Q. is partially supported by the ASEE Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowhsip program and Air Force Research Lab. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1159 EP 1184 DI 10.1002/nme.2351 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 373CS UT WOS:000260949200003 ER PT J AU Lai, ST Tautz, M AF Lai, Shu T. Tautz, Maurice TI On the anticritical temperature for spacecraft charging SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC ELECTRON BACKSCATTERING; YIELD; SURFACES AB In recent years, evidence has been found for the existence of a critical temperature for the onset of spacecraft charging to high voltages. High-voltage charging affects scientific instruments on board and is related to spacecraft anomalies. However, less attention has been given to low-voltage charging which can also affect scientific experiments on board and is relevant to surface chemistry. There also can exist an anticritical temperature for low-voltage spacecraft surface charging. Ambient electrons at very low temperatures tend to cause negative surface charging, albeit at low voltages, and as the electron temperature increases, the charging ceases at a critical value depending on the surface material. We present the theory and numerical results of anticritical temperatures for typical surface materials in Maxwellian space plasmas. The change in anticritical temperature due to a low-incident-energy enhancement of the electron backscatter yield, consistent with recent measurements, is discussed. Approximate expressions for the anticritical temperature upper limits are given on the basis of Taylor expansions at low temperature of the charging onset equation. It is shown that that the existence of the anticritical temperature slightly modifies the possible triple-root configurations in the flux-voltage characteristic curve for a material. The surface charging effect of a Maxwellian plasma with flux components spanning the anticritical and critical temperatures is considered. A comparison with an empirical low-voltage charging curve is given. C1 [Tautz, Maurice] AER Radex Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Lai, Shu T.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd,Mail Stop VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A11 AR A11211 DI 10.1029/2008JA013161 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373TZ UT WOS:000260997700002 ER PT J AU Ahn, SN Lee, HJ Kim, BJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Ahn, Soo-Na Lee, Hwa-Jeong Kim, Bang-Jun Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Epoxy/Amine-Functionalized Short-Length Vapor-Grown Carbon Nanofiber Composites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE additives; composites; epoxy; functionalization; nanotechnology; resins; vapor-grown carbon nanofibers ID IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; NANOTUBES; NANOCOMPOSITES; DISPERSION; ACID; POLYSTYRENE; ALIGNMENT; MATRIX; MWNTS AB Short length vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) were functionalized with 4-aminobenzoic acid in polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous phentoxide medium via "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to afford aminobenzoyl-functionalized VGCNFs (AF-VGCNFs). The AF-VGCNFs as a cocuring agent were mixed with epoxy resin by simple mechanical stirring in methanol which was added to help efficient mixing. After evaporation of methanol, 4,4'-methylenedianiline as a curing agent was added to the mixture, which was then cured at elevated temperatures. The resultant composites displayed uniform dispersion of AF-VGCNFs into cured epoxy matrix. During curing process, the amine functionalities on AF-VGCNF together with 4,4'-methylenedianiline were expected to be involved in covalent attachment to the epoxy resin. As a result, both tensile modulus and strength of the composites were improved when compared with those of pure epoxy resin. Thus, the AF-VGCNFs play a role as an outstanding functional additive, which could resolve both dispersion and interfacial adhesion issues at the same time by functionalization of VGCNFs and covalent bonding between the additive and matrix, respectively. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7473-7482, 2008 C1 [Ahn, Soo-Na; Lee, Hwa-Jeong; Kim, Bang-Jun; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbok, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbok, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-10031-0] FX The authors are grateful to Jeong Hee Lee of Chungbuk National University for conducting SEM. The authors also thank the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-000-10031-0) for their financial supports of this research. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 22 BP 7473 EP 7482 DI 10.1002/pola.23052 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 373ID UT WOS:000260964400018 ER PT J AU Heiderscheidt, JL Siegrist, RL Illangasekare, H AF Heiderscheidt, J. L. Siegrist, R. L. Illangasekare, H. TI Intermediate-scale 2D experimental investigation of in situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate for remediation of complex DNAPL source zones SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxidation; DNAPL; Permanganate; Permeability; Mass transfer; Mass flux; Mass depletion; MnO2 ID CHLORINATED ETHYLENES; MASS-TRANSFER; POROUS-MEDIUM; KINETICS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TCE; MEDIA; SOILS; KMNO4; PCE AB In situ chemical oxidation is a technology that has been applied to speed up remediation of a contaminant source zone by inducing increased mass transfer from DNAPL sources into the aqueous phase for subsequent destruction. The DNAPL source zone can consist of one or more individual sources that may be present as an interconnected pool of high saturation, as a region of disconnected ganglia at residual saturation, or as combinations of these two morphologies. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a commonly employed oxidant that has been shown to rapidly destroy DNAPL compounds like PCE and TCE following second-order kinetics in an aqueous system. During the oxidation of a target DNAPL compound, or naturally occurring reduced species in the Subsurface, manganese oxide (MnO2) solids are produced. Research has shown that these manganese oxide solids may result in permeability reductions in the porous media thus reducing the ability for oxidant to be transported to individual DNAPL sources. It can also occur at the DNAPL-water interface, decreasing contact of the oxidant with the DNAPL Additionally, MnO2 formation at the DNAPL-water interface. and/or flow-bypassing as a result of permeability reductions around the source, may alter the mass transfer from the DNAPL into the aqueous phase, potentially diminishing the magnitude of any DNAPL mass depletion rate increase induced by oxidation. An experiment was performed in a two-dimensional (2D) sand-filled tank that included several discrete DNAPL source zones. Spatial and temporal monitoring of aqueous PCE, chloride. and permanganate concentrations was used to relate changes in mass depletion of, and mass flux. from DNAPL residual and pool source zones to chemical oxidation performance and MnO2 formation. During the experiment, permeability changes were monitored throughout the 2D tank and these were related to MnO2 deposition as measured through post-oxidation soil coring. Under the conditions of this experiment, MnO2 formation was found to reduce permeability in and around DNAPL source zones resulting in changes to the overall flow pattern. with the effects depending on source zone configuration. A pool with little or no residual around it, in a relatively homogeneous flow field, appeared to benefit from resulting MnO2 pore-blocking that substantially reduced mass transfer from the pool even though there was relatively little PCE mass removed from the pool. In contrast. a pool with residual around it (in a more typical heterogeneous flow field) appeared to undergo increased mass transfer as MnO2 reduced permeability, altering the water flow and increasing the mixing at the DNAPL-water interface. Further, the magnitude of increased PCE mass depletion during oxidation appeared to depend on the PCE source configuration (pool versus ganglia) and decreased as MnO2 Was formed and deposited at the DNAPL-water interface. Overall, the oxidation of PCE mass appeared to be rate-limited by the mass transfer from the DNAPL to aqueous phase. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heiderscheidt, J. L.; Siegrist, R. L.; Illangasekare, H.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heiderscheidt, JL (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA-DFCE2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeffrey.heiderscheidt@izmir.af.mil FU SERDP [ER-1290, ER-1294] FX The research described in this paper was completed with the support of the DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) through funding of CSM projects ER-1290 and ER-1294. This support is gratefully acknowledged. CSM research staff (Michelle Crimi and Dong Ping Dai) and graduate students (Pamela Dugan, Jose Gago, Kent Glover. Ben Petri, and Satawat Saenton) provided valuable assistance with completion of the experimental work. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.07.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 381IK UT WOS:000261529100002 PM 18774622 ER PT J AU Fraccone, GC Ruzzene, M Volovoi, V Cento, P Vining, C AF Fraccone, Giorgio Calanni Ruzzene, Massimo Volovoi, Vitali Cento, Peter Vining, Charles TI Assessment of uncertainty in response estimation for turbine engine bladed disks SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Stress prediction in turbine blades is affected by limitations in the measurement setup as well as by various sources of uncertainty in the model-based inference techniques. The presence of uncertainty diminishes the confidence in the estimated response, whose fidelity lowers further when results are extrapolated to operating conditions or systems other than the tested ones. A procedure is being developed with a twofold objective: maximization, under given computational constraints, of a system's model accuracy and quantification of any remaining uncertainty associated with the estimation technique. A probabilistic analysis, in which uncertainties are explicitly modeled has been carried out to investigate the effects of modeling and input parameter uncertainties, and to evaluate their contribution to a system's vibratory response prediction. Results and considerations are herein described and discussed. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fraccone, Giorgio Calanni; Ruzzene, Massimo; Volovoi, Vitali] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. [Cento, Peter; Vining, Charles] Arnold AFB, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Volovoi, V (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. EM vitali@gatech.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Test & Evaluation Program [FA9550-05-1-0149] FX The research presented herein is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Test & Evaluation Program (Grant # FA9550-05-1-0149). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 317 IS 3-5 BP 625 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.03.046 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 347WQ UT WOS:000259172500015 ER PT J AU Arlen, MJ Wang, D Jacobs, JD Justice, R Trionfi, A Hsu, JWP Schaffer, D Tan, LS Vaia, RA AF Arlen, Michael J. Wang, David Jacobs, J. David Justice, Ryan Trionfi, Aaron Hsu, Julia W. P. Schaffer, Dale Tan, Loon-Seng Vaia, Richard A. TI Thermal-Electrical Character of in Situ Synthesized Polyimide-Grafted Carbon Nanofiber Composites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE TEMPERATURE-COEFFICIENT; POLYMER COMPOSITES; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; AC CONDUCTIVITY; FIBER COMPOSITES; THIN-FILMS; NANOTUBES; NANOCOMPOSITES; RESISTIVITY; BEHAVIOR AB Notwithstanding the success of polymer-carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites, a solid understanding of the impact of external perturbations, including temperature and stress, on the electrical response, its reproducibility, and the subsequent relationship to the topology of the percolative morphology and molecular details of the CNT-CNT contact junction is not complete. Using an in situ synthesis approach, two series of polymide (CP2)-carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites are prepared with quantitatively (small-angle X-ray scattering) comparable CNF dispersions, but differing in the structure of the CNF-polymer interface. Amino-functionalized CNFs (FCNFs) enable direct formation of CP2 grafts onto the CNFs, whereas pristine CNFs (PCNFs) result in a relatively weak interface between the carbon nanofiber and CP2 matrix. In general, low-frequency ac impedance measurements are well described by the percolation bond model, yielding a percolation threshold below 1 vol % (0.24 and 0.68 vol % for PCNF-CP2 and FCNF-CP2, respectively). However, the design of the interface is determined to be crucial for controlling the electrical behavior in four substantial ways: magnitude of the limiting conductivity, linearity of the I-V response, magnitude and direction of temperature-dependent resistivity, and reproducibility of the absolute value of the resistivity with thermal cycling. These observations are consistent with a direct CNF-CNF contact limiting transport in the PCNF-CP2 system, where the CP2 grafts onto the FCNF from a dielectric layer, limiting transport within the FCNF-CP2 system. Furthermore, the grafted CP2 chains on the FCNF reduce local polymer dewetting at the CNF surfaces when the temperature exceeds the CP2 glass transition. This appears to stabilize the structure of the percolation network and associated conductivity. The general behavior of these interfacial extremes (pristine and fully functionalized CNFs) set important bounds on the design of interface modification for CNFs when the intended use is for electrical performance at elevated temperatures or under extreme current loads. C1 [Arlen, Michael J.; Wang, David; Jacobs, J. David; Justice, Ryan; Tan, Loon-Seng; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Arlen, Michael J.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymers Sci & Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Jacobs, J. David; Justice, Ryan; Schaffer, Dale] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Trionfi, Aaron; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Arlen, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Intelligence Community; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials & Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory FX We are grateful for the assistance of M. Houtz for thermal analysis, G. Price for SEM, and S. Z. D. Cheng and E. Tuncer for insightful discussions. M.J.A. was supported by the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Additionally funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, nanoscale science research center operated jointly by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratory is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed-Marfin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 21 BP 8053 EP 8062 DI 10.1021/ma801525f PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 368HR UT WOS:000260612700042 ER PT J AU Steckl, AJ Spaeth, H Singh, K Grote, J Naik, R AF Steckl, A. J. Spaeth, H. Singh, K. Grote, J. Naik, R. TI Chirality of sulforhodamine dye molecules incorporated in DNA thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biochemistry; chirality; circular dichroism; DNA; dyes; molecular biophysics AB Thin films formed from salmon sperm DNA reacted with a cationic surfactant (CTMA-Cl) included up to 25 wt % fluorescent molecule sulforhodamine (SRh). SRh effect on DNA chirality and vice versa was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD signals at 250-265 nm indicate that DNA chirality was maintained or enhanced. Induced CD (iCD) signal at 580-610 nm indicates that SRh is chiral in DNA/CTMA. iCD signal from both solutions and thin films generally increases with SRh concentration. The chirality induced in SRh molecules and the absence of significant DNA reduction in chirality are clear indicators of strong binding to DNA/CTMA. C1 [Steckl, A. J.; Spaeth, H.] Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Singh, K.; Grote, J.; Naik, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steckl, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 19 AR 193903 DI 10.1063/1.3027070 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 373AT UT WOS:000260944100131 ER PT J AU Cho, SY Soref, R AF Cho, Sang-Yeon Soref, Richard TI Apodized SCISSORs for filtering and switching SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; COUPLED MICRORING RESONATORS AB This paper presents 1550-nm simulation results on the waveguided silicon-on-insulator four-port optical filtering and switching devices known as "SCISSOR" (an in-line array of microring resonators wherein each ring is coupled to two bus waveguides). We optimized the array number, the ring-bus coupling and the inter-ring spacing in order to obtain "rectangular" filter-passband shapes that have not heretofore been reported in the resonant-optics literature. We were able to engineer a boxlike bandpass whose wavelength width could be anywhere from 5 to 50 % of the free spectral range (FSR). We then performed ring-bus apodization of the array that increased side-lobe suppression on the main filter band and widened the band. By reducing the FSR to 2.51 nm with increased ring diameter, we also showed that complete, high-extinction 2 x 2 optical switching is attained when the effective index of each ring in the group is changed by 2 x 10(-3), giving 1.02-nm shift of the 0.77-nm passband. Tunable filtering, sensing, reconfigurable add/drop and wavelength-division de-multiplexing is offered in addition to switching. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Cho, Sang-Yeon] New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Soref, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cho, SY (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sangycho@nmsu.edu RI Cho, Sang-Yeon/C-3075-2008 OI Cho, Sang-Yeon/0000-0002-4721-4087 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work is supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 23 BP 19078 EP 19090 DI 10.1364/OE.16.019078 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 371XM UT WOS:000260866000060 PM 19582000 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, H Marconi, VC Agan, BK McArthur, C Crawford, G Clark, RA Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Kulkarni, Hemant Marconi, Vincent C. Agan, Brian K. McArthur, Carole Crawford, George Clark, Robert A. Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Role of CCL3L1-CCR5 Genotypes in the Epidemic Spread of HIV-1 and Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Polymorphisms in CCR5, the major coreceptor for HIV, and CCL3L1, a potent CCR5 ligand and HIV-suppressive chemokine, are determinants of HIV-AIDS susceptibility. Here, we mathematically modeled the potential impact of these genetic factors on the epidemic spread of HIV, as well as on its prevention. Methods and Results: Ro, the basic reproductive number, is a fundamental concept in explaining the emergence and persistence of epidemics. By modeling sexual transmission among HIV+/HIV- partner pairs, we find that Ro estimates, and concordantly, the temporal and spatial patterns of HIV outgrowth are highly dependent on the infecting partners' CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype. Ro was least and highest when the infected partner possessed protective and detrimental CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes, respectively. The modeling data indicate that in populations such as Pygmies with a high CCL3L1 gene dose and protective CCR5 genotypes, the spread of HIV might be minimal. Additionally, Pc, the critical vaccination proportion, an estimate of the fraction of the population that must be vaccinated successfully to eradicate an epidemic was <1 only when the infected partner had a protective CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype. Since in practice Pc cannot be >1, to prevent epidemic spread, population groups defined by specific CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes might require repeated vaccination, or as our models suggest, a vaccine with an efficacy of >70%. Further, failure to account for CCL3L1-CCR5-based genetic risk might confound estimates of vaccine efficacy. For example, in a modeled trial of 500 subjects, misallocation of CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype of only 25 (5%) subjects between placebo and vaccine arms results in a relative error of similar to 12% from the true vaccine efficacy. Conclusions: CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes may impact on the dynamics of the HIV epidemic and, consequently, the observed heterogeneous global distribution of HIV infection. As Ro is lowest when the infecting partner has beneficial CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes, we infer that therapeutic vaccines directed towards reducing the infectivity of the host may play a role in halting epidemic spread. Further, CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype may provide critical guidance for optimizing the design and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine trials and prevention programs. C1 [Kulkarni, Hemant; Crawford, George; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall US Air Force Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [McArthur, Carole] Univ Missouri, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Kansas City, MO USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall US Air Force Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Microbiol & Immunol & Biochem, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kulkarni, H (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX USA. EM kulkarnih@uthscsa.edu; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Veterans Administration (VA) Center on AIDS and HIV infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System; MERIT [R37046326]; NIH [AI043279, MH069270]; Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award; Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS); Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR [HU0001-05-2-0011] FX This work was supported by the Veterans Administration (VA) Center on AIDS and HIV infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and a MERIT (R37046326) and other awards (AI043279 and MH069270) from the NIH to S.K.A. S.K.A. is also supported by a VA MERIT award and is a recipient of the Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award and the Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research. Support for the DoD HIV Natural History Study cohort and staff involved in this work was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), of which the Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium (TACC) is a component. The IDCRP is a Department of Defense tri-service program executed through USUHS and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), in collaboration with HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR through Interagency Agreement HU0001-05-2-0011. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting the views of the Departments of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or the Department of Defense. NR 96 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 11 AR e3671 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003671 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432LM UT WOS:000265134600007 PM 18989363 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, RA Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Heinz, Hendrik Vaia, R. A. Farmer, B. L. Naik, R. R. TI Accurate Simulation of Surfaces and Interfaces of Face-Centered Cubic Metals Using 12-6 and 9-6 Lennard-Jones Potentials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; ATOM FORCE-FIELD; ION MODELS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; ENERGY ANISOTROPY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ALKYL CHAINS; AMINO-ACIDS; FCC METALS AB Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations often rely on Lennard-Jones (U) potentials for nonbond interactions. We present 12-6 and 9-6 LJ parameters for several face-centered cubic metals (Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt) which reproduce densities, surface tensions, interface properties with water and (bio)organic molecules, as well as mechanical properties in quantitative (< 0.1%) to good qualitative (25%) agreement with experiment under ambient conditions. Deviations associated with earlier LJ models have been reduced by 1 order of magnitude due to the precise fit of the new models to densities and surface tensions under standard conditions, which also leads to significantly improved results for surface energy anisotropies, interface tensions, and mechanical properties. The performance is comparable to tight-binding and embedded atom models at up to a million times lower computational cost. The models extend classical simulation methods to metals and a variety of interfaces with biopolymers, surfactants, and other nanostructured materials through compatibility with widely used force fields, including AMBER, CHARMM, COMPASS, CVFF, OPLS-AA, and PCFF. Limitations include the neglect of electronic structure effects and the restriction to noncovalent interactions with the metals. C1 [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Vaia, R. A.; Farmer, B. L.; Naik, R. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); University of Akron FX A patent application has been filed by the University of Akron. We are grateful for support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the University of Akron. Helpful discussions with Ruth Pachter, AFRL, Gustavo Carri and Jutta Luettmer-Strathmann, University of Akron, as well as Tanja Schilling, University of Mainz, Germany, are acknowledged. NR 61 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 12 U2 132 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 6 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 44 BP 17281 EP 17290 DI 10.1021/jp801931d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 367DR UT WOS:000260533200040 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI Prospects for future enhanced solar energetic particle events and the effects of weaker heliospheric magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; FAST-WIND REGIONS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; SHOCK ACCELERATION; PROTON EVENTS; SUPRATHERMAL TAILS; DRIVEN SHOCKS; CURRENT SHEET; PLASMA BETA AB Recent work based on nitrate abundances in ice cores has shown that large solar energetic (E > 30 MeV) particle (LSEP) events during the spacecraft era of observations (1960-present) are diminished in comparison with those of some preceding eras and that LSEP events have occurred during low cycles of solar activity. McCracken et al. (2004) have reported an inverse correlation between those LSEP events and the magnitude of the associated reconstructed heliospheric magnetic field (HMF). A physical explanation by McCracken (2007a, 2007b) is that the lower HMF and coronal magnetic field B imply that fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produce shocks with enhanced Alfvenic Mach numbersM(A) and higher compression ratios r, leading to more numerous and energetic LSEP events. From a possible decline of the HMF over the next several solar cycles, he has warned of a return to the environment of the more intense LSEP events preceding the current spacecraft era. We formulate and discuss seven questions using recent published observational, modeling, and theoretical work to assess the assumptions and the validity of his explanation and watch. We conclude that a return to more intense LSEP events is certainly possible, but (1) the inferred large increase in HMF characterizing the spacecraft era is in doubt; (2) there is no good evidence to connect more intense LSEP events with weaker HMFs; (3) a new Gleissberg minimum, with lower HMF, may not be imminent; (4) a lower active region B should result in slower CME speeds V less likely to produce shocks; (5) the average CME V increases significantly with SSN; (6) a lower coronal B likely results in a lower V(A) as the explanation requires; and (7) the lower coronal B leads to weaker, not more intense, LSEP events because of decreased spectral cutoff energies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 100 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 5 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A11 AR A11102 DI 10.1029/2008JA013168 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370TP UT WOS:000260786300002 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Llado, E Cusco, R Artus, L Jimenez, J Wang, B Callahan, M AF Alarcon-Llado, E. Cusco, R. Artus, L. Jimenez, J. Wang, B. Callahan, M. TI Raman scattering of quasimodes in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; CRYSTALS; MODES AB The angular dependence of the optical phonons of high-quality bulk ZnO has been systematically studied by means of Raman scattering. We report the observation of quasi-TO and quasi-LO modes for propagation directions covering the whole a-c mixing plane using a beveled ZnO single crystal sample. Scattering experiments performed in two different configuration geometries indicate that birefringence effects are not relevant for the phonon analysis in this material. The observed angular dependence of the quasimode frequencies is in good agreement with Loudon's model. C1 [Alarcon-Llado, E.; Cusco, R.; Artus, L.] CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, J.] Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, ETSII, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain. [Wang, B.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Callahan, M.] USAF, Res Lab,Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Optoelectron Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Alarcon-Llado, E (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, Lluis Sole Sabaris SN, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RI Alarcon Llado, Esther/I-5583-2015; OI Alarcon Llado, Esther/0000-0001-7317-9863; Cusco, Ramon/0000-0001-9490-4884 FU Spanish Government [MAT2007-63617]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Work supported by the Spanish Government (project MAT2007-63617 and FPI Program). The work performed by the US Air Force Research Laboratory at Hanscom Air Force Base was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 5 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 44 AR 445211 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/44/445211 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 360AD UT WOS:000260028500019 ER PT J AU Catano, G Kulkarni, H He, W Marconi, VC Agan, BK Landrum, M Anderson, S Delmar, J Telles, V Song, L Castiblanco, J Clark, RA Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Catano, Gabriel Kulkarni, Hemant He, Weijing Marconi, Vincent C. Agan, Brian K. Landrum, Michael Anderson, Stephanie Delmar, Judith Telles, Vanessa Song, Li Castiblanco, John Clark, Robert A. Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI HIV-1 Disease-Influencing Effects Associated with ZNRD1, HCP5 and HLA-C Alleles Are Attributable Mainly to Either HLA-A10 or HLA-B*57 Alleles SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested that polymorphisms in or around the genes HCP5, HLA-C and ZNRD1 confer restriction against HIV-1 viral replication or disease progression. Here, we also find that these alleles are associated with different aspects of HIV disease, albeit mainly in European Americans. Additionally, we offer that because the GWAS cohort was a subset of HIV-positive individuals, selected based in part on having a low viral load, the observed associations for viral load are magnified compared with those we detect in a large well-characterized prospective natural history cohort of HIV-1-infected persons. We also find that because of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, the dominant viral load- and disease-influencing associations for the ZNRD1 or HLA-C and HCP5 alleles are apparent mainly when these alleles are present in HLA-A10- or HLA-B*57-containing haplotypes, respectively. ZNRD1 alleles lacking HLA-A10 did not confer disease protection whereas ZNRD1-A10 haplotypes did. When examined in isolation, the HCP5-G allele associates with a slow disease course and lower viral loads. However, in multivariate models, after partitioning out the protective effects of B*57, the HCP5-G allele associates with disease-acceleration and enhanced viral replication; these associations for HCP5-G are otherwise obscured because of the very strong LD between this allele and a subset of protective B*57 alleles. Furthermore, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles stratify B*57-containing genotypes into those that associate with either striking disease retardation or progressive disease, providing one explanation for the long-standing conundrum of why some HLA-B*57-carrying individuals are long-term non-progressors, whereas others exhibit progressive disease. Collectively, these data generally underscore the strong dependence of genotype-phenotype relationships upon cohort design, phenotype selection, LD patterns and populations studied. They specifically demonstrate that the influence of ZNRD1 alleles on disease progression rates are attributable to HLA-A10, help clarify the relationship between the HCP5, HLA-C and HLA-B*57 alleles, and reaffirm a critical role of HLA-B*57 alleles in HIV disease. Furthermore, as the protective B*57-containing genotypes convey striking salutary effects independent of their strong impact on viral control, it is conceivable that T cell-based therapeutic vaccine strategies aimed at reducing viral loads may be inadequate for limiting AIDS progression, raising the potential need for complementary strategies that target viral load- independent determinants of pathogenesis. C1 [Catano, Gabriel; Kulkarni, Hemant; He, Weijing; Telles, Vanessa; Song, Li; Castiblanco, John; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV 1 Infect, San Antonio, TX USA. [Catano, Gabriel; Kulkarni, Hemant; He, Weijing; Telles, Vanessa; Song, Li; Castiblanco, John; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Agan, Brian K.; Landrum, Michael; Anderson, Stephanie; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, IDCRP, Bethesda, MD USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Agan, Brian K.; Landrum, Michael; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Landrum, Michael; Anderson, Stephanie; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall US Air Force Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Catano, G (reprint author), Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV 1 Infect, San Antonio, TX USA. EM mdolan@hjf.org; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/B-6599-2009; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0002-7965-9822; Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0003-2556-3697; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV Infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System; MERIT award [R37046326]; NIH [AI043279, MH069270]; Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award; Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS); Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF); HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR [HU0001-05-2-0011] FX This work was supported by the Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV Infection of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and by a MERIT award (R37046326) and other awards (AI043279 and MH069270) from the NIH (to S.K.A.). S.K.A. is a recipient of the Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award and the Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research. Support for the WHMC cohort was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), of which the Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium (TACC) is a component. The IDCRP is a Department of Defense tri-service program executed through USUHS and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), in collaboration with HHS/NIH/NIAID/DCR through Interagency Agreement HU0001-05-2-0011. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 11 AR e3636 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003636 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432LJ UT WOS:000265134300006 PM 18982067 ER PT J AU Louzguine-Luzgin, V Miracle, DB Inoue, A AF Louzguine-Luzgin, V. Miracle, Daniel B. Inoue, Akihisa TI Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Influencing the Glass-Forming Ability of Alloys SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BULK-METALLIC GLASSES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; CRITICAL COOLING RATE; NI AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CU-ZR-TI; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; AL; VOLUME; CRITERION C1 [Louzguine-Luzgin, V.; Inoue, Akihisa] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Louzguine-Luzgin, V (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM dml@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; OI Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri/0000-0001-5716-4987 FU Research and Development Project on Advanced Metallic Glasses, Inorganic Materials mid Joining Technology; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development [AOARD-07-4041] FX This work was supported by the "Research and Development Project on Advanced Metallic Glasses, Inorganic Materials mid Joining Technology" and by Grant-in-Aid on "Science and Technology of Microwave-Induced, thermally Non-Equilibrium Reaction Field" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We also acknowledge financial support from Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development AOARD-07-4041. The authors thank T. Saito for recording the cooling curve for pure Ni. NR 76 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1008 EP 1015 DI 10.1002/adem.200800134 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 387EB UT WOS:000261933400004 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Park, GJ Kolonay, RM Blair, M Canfield, RA AF Kim, Y. I. Park, G. J. Kolonay, R. M. Blair, M. Canfield, R. A. TI Nonlinear Response Structural Optimization of a Joined Wing Using Equivalent Loads SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DESIGN SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AB The joined wing is a new concept of the airplane wing. The forewing and the aft wing are joined together in the joined wing. The joined wing can lead to increased aerodynamic performances and reduction or the structural weight. The structural behavior of the joined wing has a high geometric nonlinearity according to the external loads. Therefore, the nonlinear behavior should be considered in the optimization of the joined wing. It is well known that conventional nonlinear response optimization is extremely expensive; thus, the conventional method is almost impossible to use for large-scale structures such as the joined wing. In this research, geometric nonlinear response optimization of a joined wing is carried out by using equivalent loads. The used structure is a joined wing that is currently being developed in the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. Equivalent loads are the load sets that generate the same response field in linear analysis as that from nonlinear analysis. In the equivalent loads method, the external loads are transformed to the equivalent loads for linear static analysis, and linear response optimization is carried out based on the equivalent loads. The design is updated by the results of linear response optimization. Nonlinear analysis is carried out again and the process proceeds in a cyclic manner until the convergence criteria are satisfied. It was verified that the equivalent loads method is equivalent to a gradient-based method; therefore, the solution is the same as that of exact nonlinear response optimization. The full), stressed design method is also used for nonlinear response optimization of a joined wing. The results from the fully stressed design and the equivalent loads method are compared. C1 [Kim, Y. I.; Park, G. J.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ansan 426791, South Korea. [Kolonay, R. M.; Blair, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Canfield, R. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, GJ (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ansan 426791, South Korea. EM gjpark@hanyang.ac.kr RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean government [R01-2008000-10012-0]; U.S. Air Force [AOARD-06-4013] FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation grant funded by the Korean government (R01-2008000-10012-0) and the U.S. Air Force (AOARD-06-4013). The authors are thankful to MiSun Park for her correction of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2703 EP 2713 DI 10.2514/1.33428 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 371FT UT WOS:000260817900005 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Font, GI McLaughlin, TE Orlov, DM AF Enloe, C. L. Font, G. I. McLaughlin, T. E. Orlov, D. M. TI Surface Potential and Longitudinal Electric Field Measurements in the Aerodynamic Plasma Actuator SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SILENT DISCHARGE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; MECHANISMS; GENERATION; SIMULATION; RESPONSES; NITROGEN AB We present the results of a series of measurements in which an array of capacitive V-dot probes are used to determine the surface potential in a single dielectric barrier discharge plasma operated as an aerodynamic plasma actuator. From these measurements, we determine the longitudinal electric field in the plasma. The results show that the surface immediately (within the first alternating current cycle of the plasma discharge) acquires a net positive surface charge, so that the electric field in the plasma is asymmetric, the magnitude of the maximum field being more than 50% larger in the negative than the positive polarity. The measurements also show that there is a region several millimeters downstream from the exposed electrode edge over which the electric field maintains a constant positive (downstream) polarity over the course of the discharge cycle. C1 [Enloe, C. L.; Font, G. I.; Orlov, D. M.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McLaughlin, T. E.] USAF Acad, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Orlov, Dmitriy/D-2406-2016 OI Orlov, Dmitriy/0000-0002-2230-457X FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Rhett Jefferies, Program Manager, to the work presented here. NR 73 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2730 EP 2740 DI 10.2514/1.33973 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 371FT UT WOS:000260817900008 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Smith, B Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Amoroso, PJ Hooper, TI Boyko, EJ AF Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Besa Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Amoroso, Paul J. Hooper, Tomoko I. Boyko, Edward J. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI RE: "PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES IN HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY MILITARY COHORTS: COMBAT DEPLOYMENT AND THE HEALTHY WARRIOR EFFECT" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILLENNIUM COHORT; US MILITARY; AFGHANISTAN; SERVICE; IRAQ C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa] USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Dept Occupat Hlth, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 9 BP 1094 EP U11 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn262 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365BM UT WOS:000260380900020 PM 18775922 ER PT J AU Rettig, CL Roquemore, WM Gord, JR AF Rettig, C. L. Roquemore, W. M. Gord, J. R. TI Efficiency and scaling of an ultrashort-pulse high-repetition-rate laser-driven X-ray source SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; TARGET; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; YIELD; KHZ AB Technical issues and performance of a high-repetition-rate ultrafast-laser-based X-ray source have been studied experimentally in the context of developing a dedicated laboratory-based tool for combustion diagnostics. X-ray emission from numerous elemental materials have been investigated to compare with analytical based expectations for yield and efficiency, as well as to evaluate advantages of some materials for operational issues such as debris production and degree of efficiency enhancement utilizing various illumination configurations. A weak inverse scaling of conversion efficiency with atomic number was observed. Broadband energy conversion efficiency of approximately 10(-5) and yield greater than 10(10) photons/s have been measured with numerous target elements. Application of a pre-pulse significantly enhances conversion efficiency, and the enhancement factor depends on material. Thus, previous optimizations must be performed in the atomic number variation as well. Additionally, the efficiency enhancement associated with p-polarization incidence (relative to s-polarization) is observed to depend on base material reflectivity. C1 [Rettig, C. L.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Roquemore, W. M.; Gord, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Rettig, CL (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM curt.rettig@spectra-physics.com NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3151-y PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 368IA UT WOS:000260613600012 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Uterine Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors (PEComas) and Epithelioid Smooth Muscle Neoplasms SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UTERUS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 132 IS 11 BP 1714 EP 1714 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 369DV UT WOS:000260675400007 PM 18976002 ER PT J AU Han, SW Oh, SJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Han, Sang-Wook Oh, Se-Jin Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI One-pot purification and functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in less-corrosive poly(phosphoric acid) SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID POLY ETHER-KETONE; NANOFIBERS; SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN; POLYMERIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES AB As-received commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were treated in mild, inorganic polyacid, viz. polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with or without additional phosphorous pentoxide (P(2)O(5)) at 130, 160, and 190 degrees C. Unlike the treatment in strong acids such as nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixtures, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, PPA with or without additional P(2)O(5) could selectively remove the tenacious carbonaceous and metallic impurities with little or no damage to the basic frameworks of SWCNTs and crystalline carbon materials. Since the medium PPA/P(2)O(5) is known for an efficient "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation using a carboxylic acid instead of a carboxylic acid chloride, it provides the advantage of combining both purification and functionalization steps into a one-pot process in manufacturing of functionalized SWCNTs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Han, Sang-Wook; Oh, Se-Jin; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBN,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-00010031-0] FX We are grateful to Jeong Hee Lee of Chungbuk National University for obtaining SEM images. we also thank Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR-AOARD) and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-00010031-0) for their financial supports of this research. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 14 BP 1841 EP 1849 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.07.026 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 378EU UT WOS:000261304800002 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Han, SW Kwon, YD Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lee, Hwa-Jeong Han, Sang-Wook Kwon, Young-Do Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with various 4-substituted benzoic acids in mild polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID POLY ETHER-KETONE; COMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMERIZATION; DISPERSION; MATRIX; POLYSTYRENE AB Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with various 4-substituted benzoic acids (BAcs) was conducted by using "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation in mild polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide. The degree of functionalization was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The overall evidence indicated that the MWCNTs had remained structurally intact as a result of the reaction. The more reactive BAcs showed that the larger arylcarbonyl moieties were covalently attached onto the surface of MWCNTs. The resultant functionalized MWCNTs (F-MWCNTs) formed bundles with average diameters of 40-70 nm depending on the polarity of the surface groups. The diameter dimensions of bundles were closely related to surface polarities of F-MWCNTs. The solubility/dispersibility and thermal properties of F-MWCNTs were also greatly influenced by the nature of the substituted groups. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Lee, Hwa-Jeong; Han, Sang-Wook; Kwon, Young-Do; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development [AOARD064096]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-10031-0] FX We are grateful to the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD064096) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-000-10031-0) for extending their financial supports to this research. NR 52 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 14 BP 1850 EP 1859 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.07.027 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 378EU UT WOS:000261304800003 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Sandhage, KH Naik, RR AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Sandhage, Kenneth H. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Protein- and Peptide-Directed Syntheses of Inorganic Materials SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; DEMOSPONGE SUBERITES-DOMUNCULA; CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; CAGE-SHAPED PROTEIN; STABILIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILICA-PRECIPITATING PEPTIDES; NARROW DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; MOLLUSK SHELL FORMATION C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL; National Research Council FX We thank the members of the AFRL/RX biotechnology group for their technical insights and AFRL for funding for this work. We are grateful for the assistance provided by W. J. Crookes-Goodson and J. M. Slocik in the critical reading and editing of this article. M.B.D. is supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship award. NR 299 TC 548 Z9 558 U1 27 U2 337 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 11 BP 4935 EP 4978 DI 10.1021/cr8002328 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 373VR UT WOS:000261002100023 PM 18973389 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Farmer, BL AF Pandey, Ras B. Anderson, Kelly L. Farmer, Barry L. TI SHEETS: ENTROPY DISSIPATION, MULTISCALE DYNAMICS, DISPERSION, AND INTERCALATION SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; TETHERED MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FILLED POLYMERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENT; MELT AB Sheets stacked within layers are common in clay; coarse-grained computer simulation modeling can predict how to disperse the layers in a different solvent matrix. C1 [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu; kelly.anderson@cantab.net; barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the US Air Force Research Laboratory FX Support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the US Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2008.155 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 361MC UT WOS:000260130800015 ER PT J AU Folaron, I Saliet-Wein, TJ Alinaleh, MD Hann, MC AF Folaron, Irene Saliet-Wein, Tom J. Alinaleh, Michael D. Hann, Matthew C. TI Panhypopituitarism Due to a Pituitary Macroadenoma A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade SO ENDOCRINOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE parathyroid macroadenoma; panhypopituitarism; cardiac tamponade ID PERICARDIAL-EFFUSION; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MYXEDEMA AB Panhypopituitarism, particularly secondary hypothyroidisin and adrenal insufficiency, is a rare cause of cardiac tamponade. Recognition of this association and proper hormonal replacement are paramount to effective therapy for this cardiac emergency. We present the clinical Course of a patient whose cardiac tamponade was of a pituitary etiology. Relevant medical literature is also reviewed. C1 [Folaron, Irene; Saliet-Wein, Tom J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Alinaleh, Michael D.; Hann, Matthew C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Folaron, I (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, 2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Irene.folaron@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-2144 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGIST JI Endocrinologist PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1097/TEN.0b013e31818fcc8c PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 375QZ UT WOS:000261129700012 ER PT J AU Rutherford, MW Kuratko, DF Holt, DT AF Rutherford, Matthew W. Kuratko, Donald F. Holt, Daniel T. TI Examining the Link Between "Familiness" and Performance: Can the F-PEC Untangle the Family Business Theory Jungle? SO ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID FIRM PERFORMANCE; OWNERSHIP; PERSPECTIVE; ISSUES; RISK AB Family business research appears to be caught in a "jungle" of competing theories in regards to familiness and performance. This study provides a further empirical examination into that relationship. We employ a family influence scale (the familiness-power, experience, and culture scale [F-PEC]) presented by Klein, Astrachan, and Smyrnios in an attempt to assess the relationship between familiness and performance in 831 family businesses. The resulting regression analysis adds to the current state of the literature by demonstrating significant and interesting results. Specifically, familiness showed associations with revenue, capital structure, growth, and perceived performance; however, the relationships were both positive and negative, thus casting doubt upon the F-PEC as a vehicle for untangling the jungle. We conclude with discussion and implications. C1 [Rutherford, Matthew W.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Management, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Kuratko, Donald F.] Indiana Univ, Kelley Sch Business, Johnson Ctr Entrepreneurship & Innovat, Bloomington, IN USA. [Holt, Daniel T.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rutherford, MW (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Management, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM mwrutherford@vcu.edu; dkuratko@indiana.edu; daniel.holt@afit.edu NR 55 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-2587 J9 ENTREP THEORY PRACT JI Entrep. Theory Pract. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1109 PG 21 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 363GO UT WOS:000260256000012 ER PT J AU Graupner, K Graham, LM Field, TA Mayhew, CA Fabrikant, II Miller, TM Braun, M Ruf, MW Hotop, H AF Graupner, K. Graham, L. M. Field, T. A. Mayhew, C. A. Fabrikant, I. I. Miller, T. M. Braun, M. Ruf, M. -W. Hotop, H. TI Highly resolved absolute cross-sections for dissociative electron attachment to SF5CF3 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Electron attachment; Cross-section; Branching ratio; R-matrix calculation; SF5CF3 ID TRIFLUOROMETHYL SULFUR PENTAFLUORIDE; POTENT GREENHOUSE-GAS; NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION; R-MATRIX THEORY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MOLECULES; SF6; PHOTOABSORPTION; COLLISIONS; PHOTOELECTRON AB Using two complementary experimental methods, we have measured partial (mass-resolved) cross-sections for dissociative electron attachment to the molecule trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride (SF5CF3) at the gas temperature T-G = 300 K over a broad range of electron energies (E = 0.001-12 eV). The absolute scale for these cross-sections was obtained with reference to the thermal (T = 300 K) rate coefficient for anion formation (8.0(3) x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1)). Below 1 eV, SF5- is the dominant product anion and formed through the lowest anion state which cuts the neutral SF5CF3 potential close to the S-C equilibrium distance. The highly resolved laser photoelectron attachment data exhibit a downward Wigner cusp at 86meV, indicating that the nu(4)(alpha(1)) vibrational mode is important for the primary attachment dynamics. Both SF5- and F- anions are formed with similar yields through the first excited resonance located near 3.6eV. Towards higher energies, the anions CF3-, SF4-, and SF3- are also produced. Summation of the partial cross-sections yields a total absolute cross-section for anion formation over the energy range 0.001-12 eV. This is used to calculate the dependence of the rate coefficient for dissociative electron attachment over a broad range of electron temperatures for the fixed gas temperature T-G = 300 K; good agreement is found between the calculated values and those obtained in a drift tube experiment. In addition to the experimental work, semiempirical R-matrix calculations have been Carried out for the energy dependence of the cross-section for SF5- formation. The experimental findings are semi-quantitatively recovered. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Braun, M.; Ruf, M. -W.; Hotop, H.] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Graupner, K.; Graham, L. M.; Field, T. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Mayhew, C. A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Fabrikant, I. I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Miller, T. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Hotop, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, POB 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM hotop@physik.uni-kl.de NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1-3 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.05.022 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 373YT UT WOS:000261010100018 ER PT J AU Inoyama, D Sanders, BP Joo, JJ AF Inoyama, Daisaku Sanders, Brian P. Joo, James J. TI Topology Optimization Approach for the Determination of the Multiple-Configuration Morphing Wing Structure SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DISPLACEMENT COMPLIANT MECHANISMS; DESIGN; REPRESENTATION; SHAPE AB The paper introduces an innovative topology optimization approach for determining the distribution of structural properties and actuators to design a morphing wing that is capable of achieving multiple target shapes. The previous investigation by the authors demonstrated, using various problem formulations and a novel modeling concept, the fundamental topology synthesis of a simple two-configuration morphing wing structure. The primary objective of the present investigation is therefore to introduce improvements and extensions to the previous concepts and problem formulations to those capable of accommodating the multiple-configuration definitions. The investigation includes the formulation of appropriate topology optimization problems and the development of effective modeling concepts. In addition, principal issues on the external load dependency and the reversibility of a design, as well as the appropriate selection of a reference configuration, are addressed in the investigation. The methodology to control actuator distributions and concentrations is also discussed. Finally, an example multiple-configuration problem that portrays the generic surveillance mission is solved to demonstrate the potential capabilities of the approach. C1 [Inoyama, Daisaku] Orbital Sci Corp, Space Syst Grp, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. [Sanders, Brian P.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Joo, James J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Inoyama, D (reprint author), Orbital Sci Corp, Space Syst Grp, 21839 Atlantic Blvd, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. FU Dayton Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI); U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors acknowledge the support by Dayton Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors would also like to thank Krister Svanberg of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, for assistance in the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) code. The opinions and conclusions presented in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the acknowledged individual or organizations. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1853 EP 1862 DI 10.2514/1.29988 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 383FQ UT WOS:000261659900003 ER PT J AU Hajj, MR Beran, PS AF Hajj, Muhammad R. Beran, Philip S. TI Higher-Order Spectral Analysis of Limit Cycle Oscillations of Fighter Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 48th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference/3rd AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 23-26, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID WAVE INTERACTIONS AB Higher-order spectral analysis is implemented to identify quadratic and cubic nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena associated with limit cycle oscillations encountered in a specific F-16 flight-test maneuver that consists of a straight and level flight followed by a windup turn at a Mach number near 0.95 and an altitude of 10,000 ft. The results show that nonlinear manifestations of the limit cycle oscillations are most prominent at the forward locations on the wing-tip and underwing launchers. Physical explanations of identified nonlinearities and relations to vibration modes of the different components are presented. C1 [Hajj, Muhammad R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Beran, Philip S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hajj, MR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Hajj, Muhammad/A-1176-2010 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1917 EP 1923 DI 10.2514/1.34841 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 383FQ UT WOS:000261659900009 ER PT J AU Dogan, A Lewis, TA Blake, W AF Dogan, Atilla Lewis, Timothy A. Blake, William TI Flight Data Analysis and Simulation of Wind Effects During Aerial Refueling SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA ID DIRECTIONAL STABILITY; AIRCRAFT AB This paper presents an analysis of data obtained in an automated aerial refueling test flight conducted with a KC-135 as the tanker and a Learjet 25 as the surrogate receiver unmanned aerial vehicle. The purpose is to identify the wind induced by the tanker wake and its effect on the receiver aircraft. From the available flight data, a direct computation of the winds experienced by the tanker and receiver is carried out. The mean variation of the receiver wind is compared with the tanker wind when the receiver is at the observation and contact positions. This results in the identification of the wake-induced wind. A spectrum analysis is conducted to characterize the turbulence and to identify the pilot effects. The paper also presents methods used to model 1) prevailing wind, 2) wake-vortex-induced wind, and 3) turbulence as the three sources of wind that the aircraft are exposed to and the approach used for incorporating the wind effect into the dynamic simulation of the aircraft. The test flight is simulated in various cases with different turbulence models and flight controllers. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with the flight data in terms of the power spectral densities and mean variations to validate the wind and turbulence modeling techniques. C1 [Dogan, Atilla; Lewis, Timothy A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Blake, William] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dogan, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. OI Dogan, Atilla/0000-0002-6283-2086 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2036 EP 2048 DI 10.2514/1.36797 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 383FQ UT WOS:000261659900020 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Wu, CY Wysocki, KM Farrah, S Wander, J AF Lee, J. -H. Wu, C-Y. Wysocki, K. M. Farrah, S. Wander, J. TI Efficacy of iodine-treated biocidal filter media against bacterial spore aerosols SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bio-aerosol; filtration efficiency; iodine; spore; viability ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; N95 RESPIRATORS; WATER; AIR; PERFORMANCE; DISINFECTANT; COLLECTION; RESISTANCE; PARTICLES; SURVIVAL AB Aims: To assess the effectiveness of iodine-treated biocidal filter media against bacterial spore aerosols. Methods and Results: Bacillus subtilis spores were aerosolized and introduced into a filtration system. Both treated and untreated filters exhibited high viable removal efficiency (> 99.996%) with negligible variation in pressure drop during the entire experiment. The viability of collected spores on the filter was investigated by enumeration of spores extracted from the filter by vortexing. At room temperature and low relative humidity (RH), the survival fraction of the treated filter was significantly lower than that of the untreated filter (P-value < 0.05). Meanwhile, at room temperature and high RH and at high temperature and high RH, the survival fractions on the treated medium were statistically the same as the untreated control at room temperature and low RH. Conclusions: Both treated and untreated filters achieved excellent viable removal efficiency for spores. The pressure drop of the treated filter was not affected by the iodine treatment. The viability of collected bacterial spores was decreased because of the exertion of iodine disinfectant. Significance and Impact of the Study: The evaluation demonstrates that the iodine-treated filter is a viable medium for respiratory protection against infectious spore aerosols. The results warrant further evaluation of smaller biological agents, which exhibit higher penetration. C1 [Lee, J. -H.; Wu, C-Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wysocki, K. M.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Farrah, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wander, J.] USAF, Airbase Technol Div, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cywu@ufl.edu FU United States Air Force [FA8651-05-C-0136] FX This research was supported by the United States Air Force through contract No. FA8651-05-C-0136. We are grateful to Safe Life Corp. for providing the filters for testing and to Dr Dale Lundgren for valuable comments. We also thank Ying Li in Environmental Engineering Sciences and Yoon-Jae Moon in Materials Science and Engineering for their assistance in taking the SEM images and the Particle Engineering Research Center in the University of Florida for providing the SEM. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1318 EP 1326 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03855.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 361FP UT WOS:000260113200009 PM 18564344 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Vandewalle, KS Charlton, DG Berzins, DW AF Roberts, Howard W. Vandewalle, Kraig S. Charlton, David G. Berzins, David W. TI Fracture resistance of amalgam/glass-polyalkenoate open sandwich Class II restorations: An in vitro study SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Root caries; Glass polyalkenoate; Amalgam; Fracture strength; Open sandwich ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; ROOT-SURFACE CARIES; MARGINAL LEAKAGE; MICROLEAKAGE; DENTIN; COMPOSITE; MODULUS; LINERS AB Objective: To investigate the effect of two glass-polyalkenoate restorative materials used as root-dentin replacements on the fracture strength of Class II amalgam restorations. Materials and methods: Class II slot preparations extending 2 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction were made in 30 teeth and randomly assigned to three groups. Group I (Control): restored entirely with amalgam (Tytin, Sybron Kerr, Orange, CA, USA). Group 2: The root-dentin area was restored with a viscous conventional glass-polyalkenoate restorative material (Fuji IX GP, GC America, Alsip, IL, USA), and the remainder of the preparation restored with amalgam. Group 3: The root-dentin area was restored with a resin-modified glass-polyalkenoate restorative material (Fuji II LC, GC America) and the remainder restored with amalgam. The amalgam restorations were loaded in compression to failure and the data analyzed using one-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). Results: No significant differences in fracture strength were found. Conclusion: Root-dentin replacement with the tested glass-polyalkenoate materials did not affect the fracture strength of Class II amalgam restorations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Charlton, David G.] Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Charlton, David G.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Frederick, MD USA. [Berzins, David W.] Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM david.charlton@med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 36 IS 11 BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.07.001 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 373QY UT WOS:000260988300003 PM 18692947 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN Simpson, EK AF Stephan, Carl N. Simpson, Ellie K. TI Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part I): An Analytical Review of the Published Adult Data SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Science CY FEB, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; soft tissue thickness; facial approximation; facial reproduction; facial reconstruction; superimposition ID DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; MEDICAL-RESEARCH; RACE; THICKNESSES; ETHNICITY; CHILDREN; GROWTH; RECONSTRUCTION; WHITE; PROFILE AB With the ever increasing production of average soft tissue depth studies, data are becoming increasingly complex, less standardized, and more unwieldy. So far, no overarching review has been attempted to determine: the validity of continued data collection; the usefulness of the existing data subcategorizations; or if a synthesis is possible to produce a manageable soft tissue depth library. While a principal components analysis would provide the best foundation for such an assessment, this type of investigation is not currently possible because of a lack of easily accessible raw data (first, many studies are narrow; second, raw data are infrequently published and/or stored and are not always shared by some authors). This paper provides an alternate means of investigation using an hierarchical approach to review and compare the effects of single variables on published mean values for adults whilst acknowledging measurement errors and within-group variation. The results revealed: (i) no clear secular trends at frequently investigated landmarks; (ii) wide variation in soft tissue depth measures between different measurement techniques irrespective of whether living persons or cadavers were considered; (iii) no clear clustering of non-Caucasoid data far from the Caucasoid means; and (iv) minor differences between males and females. Consequently, the data were pooled across studies using weighted means and standard deviations to cancel out random and opposing study-specific errors, and to produce a single soft tissue depth table with increased sample sizes (e.g., 6786 individuals at pogonion). C1 [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Simpson, Ellie K.] Forens Sci S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint Pow MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 NR 112 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1272 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00852.x PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 365ZJ UT WOS:000260448400001 PM 18783476 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN Simpson, EK AF Stephan, Carl N. Simpson, Ellie K. TI Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part II): An Analytical Review of the Published Sub-Adult Data SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Science CY FEB, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; soft tissue thickness; facial approximation; facial reproduction; facial reconstruction; superimposition ID CHILDREN; THICKNESSES; PROFILE AB Prior research indicates that while statistically significant differences exist between subcategories of the adult soft tissue depth data, magnitudes of difference are small and possess little practical meaning when measurement errors and variations between measurement methods are considered. These findings raise questions as to what variables may or may not hold meaning for the sub-adult data. Of primary interest is the effect of age, as these differences have the potential to surpass the magnitude of measurement error. Data from the five studies in the literature on sub-adults which describe values for single integer age groups were pooled and differences across the ages examined. From 1 to 18 years, most soft tissue depth measurements increased by less than 3 mm. These results suggest that dividing the data for children into more than two age groups is unlikely to hold many advantages. Data were therefore split into two groups with the division point corresponding to the mid-point of the observed trends and main data density (0-11 and 12-18 years; division point = 11.5 years). Published sub-adult data for seven further studies which reported broader age groups were pooled with the data above to produce the final tallied soft tissue depth tables. These tables hold the advantages of increased sample sizes (pogonion has greater than 1770 individuals for either age group) and increased levels of certainty (as random and opposing systematic errors specific to each independent study should average out when the data are combined). C1 [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Simpson, Ellie K.] Forens Sci S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint Pow MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1279 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00853.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 365ZJ UT WOS:000260448400002 PM 18783475 ER PT J AU Lu, P Griffin, BJ Dukeman, GA Chavez, FR AF Lu, Ping Griffin, Brian J. Dukeman, Gregory A. Chavez, Frank R. TI Rapid Optimal Multiburn Ascent Planning and Guidance SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Hilton Head Isl, SC ID TRAJECTORIES; OPTIMIZATION; ARCS AB This paper provides detailed development of an analytical multiple-shooting method for rapid and reliable generation of the optimal exoatmospheric ascent trajectory of a launch vehicle. The trajectory consists of two burns (stages) and an optimal coast arc between the two burns. The problem is known to be highly sensitive and challenging. The problem solution is given in closed form and quadratures and key development details are presented. An indepth analysis of a transversality condition in the optimal ascent problem is conducted to gain better understanding of the problem. The analysis reveals several properties that allow us to overcome a numerical difficulty caused by a scaling mismatch in the transversality condition. This measure is instrumental in increasing the convergence reliability of the algorithm. A dogleg trust-region method that is more robust than the classical Newton-Raphson method is employed for the numerical solution. The multiple-shooting formulation, constraint simplification, and more sophisticated numerical method are all aimed at enhancing the robustness of the algorithm for this otherwise difficult problem. The final product of combining all of these techniques is a very reliable, effective, and fast algorithm. Such an algorithm can be a valuable tool in rapid planning of launch missions and in onboard applications for closed-loop guidance. C1 [Lu, Ping] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dukeman, Gregory A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Chavez, Frank R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM plu@iastate.edu; Brian.J.Griffin@nasa.gov; Greg.Dukeman@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1656 EP 1664 DI 10.2514/1.36084 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600011 ER PT J AU Baldelli, DH Lee, DH Pena, RSS Cannon, B AF Baldelli, Dario H. Lee, Dong-Hwan Sanchez Pena, Ricardo S. Cannon, Bryan TI Modeling and Control of an Aeroelastic Morphing Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 48th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference/3rd AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 23-26, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID REDUCTION; DESIGN AB Morphing aircraft are conceived as multirole platforms that modify their external shape substantially to adapt to a changing mission environment. The dynamic response of the unmanned aerial vehicle will be governed by the time-varying aerodynamic forces and moments which will be a function of the wing's shape changes by the morphing command. Here, it is assumed that the morphing unmanned aerial vehicle behaves as a variable geometry rigid body, but with dynamic coefficients corrected to include quasi-steady aeroelastic effects. A multiloop controller for the aeroelastic morphing unmanned aerial vehicle concept is formulated to provide both proven structural and self-scheduled characteristics. The proposed controller uses a set of inner-loop gains to provide stability using classical techniques, whereas a linear parameter-varying outer-loop controller is devised to guarantee a specitic level of robust stability and performance for the time-varying dynamics. Reduced-order controllers are synthesized using a robust control reduction technique. A series of maneuvers are devised to exhaustively evaluate the performance of the synthesized multiloop controller subject to large-scale geometrical shape changes. The underlying multiloop approach successfully enables in-flight transformation between vehicle states in less than one minute, while maintaining the overall vehicle stability and control. C1 [Baldelli, Dario H.; Lee, Dong-Hwan] ZONA Technol Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85258 USA. [Sanchez Pena, Ricardo S.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08222, Spain. [Cannon, Bryan] USAF, Res Lab, Control Syst Dev & Applicat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45443 USA. RP Baldelli, DH (reprint author), ZONA Technol Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85258 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1687 EP 1699 DI 10.2514/1.35445 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600014 ER PT J AU Sinclair, AJ Prazenica, RJ Jeffcoat, DE AF Sinclair, Andrew J. Prazenica, Richard J. Jeffcoat, David E. TI Optimal and Feedback Path Planning for Cooperative Attack SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TARGET LOCALIZATION; HOMING MISSILES; GENERATION; VEHICLES; TRACKING; MOTION AB This paper considers cooperative path planning for aerial munitions during the attack phase of a mission against ground targets. It is assumed that sensor information from multiple munitions is available to refine an estimate of the target location. Based on models of the munition dynamics and sensor performance, munition trajectories are designed that enhance the ability to cooperatively estimate the target location. The problem is posed as an optimal control problem using a cost function based on the variances in the target-location estimate. These variances are computed by fusing the individual munition measurements in a weighted least-squares estimate. Solutions to the problem are found using a direct-shooting method. These solutions are compared with trajectories developed by an alternative suboptimal feedback-guidance law. This feedback law produces solutions with far less numerical expense and with a performance very close to the best known solutions. The reduction in target-location uncertainty associated with these trajectories could enable the attack of targets with greater precision using smaller, cheaper munitions. C1 [Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Prazenica, Richard J.] Radiance Technol, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Jeffcoat, David E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Sinclair, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sinclair@auburn.edu; rprazenica@radiancetech.com; david.jeffcoat@eglin.af.mil RI Sinclair, Andrew/H-2156-2013 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1708 EP 1715 DI 10.2514/1.35599 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600016 ER PT J AU Stevens, R Wiesel, W AF Stevens, Robert Wiesel, William TI Large Time Scale Optimal Control of an Electrodynamic Tether Satellite SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Low-thrust propulsion systems offer a fuel-efficient means to maneuver satellites to new orbits; however, they can only perform such maneuvers when they are continuously operated for a long time. Such long-term maneuvers occur over many orbital revolutions, often rendering short time scale trajectory optimization methods ineffective. An approach to multirevolution large time scale optimal control of an electrodynamic tether is investigated for a tethered satellite system in low Earth orbit with atmospheric drag. Control is assumed to be periodic over several orbits because, under the assumptions of a nearly circular orbit, periodic control yields the only solution that significantly contributes to secular changes in the orbital parameters. The optimal control problem is constructed in such a way as to maneuver the satellite to a new orbit while minimizing a cost function subject to the constraints of the time-averaged equations of motion by controlling current in the tether. Three optimal maneuvers were investigated for a 4 km tether in a 270 km initial orbit: maximum climb, maximum final inclination, and a minimum time orbit change. The resulting control solutions were propagated to verify their accuracy. C1 [Stevens, Robert; Wiesel, William] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.stevens@afit.edu; william.wiesel@aft.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1716 EP 1727 DI 10.2514/1.34897 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600017 ER PT J AU Ma, O Dang, H Pham, K AF Ma, Ou Dang, Hung Pham, Khanh TI On-Orbit Identification of Inertia Properties of Spacecraft Using a Robotic Arm SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Hilton Head Isl, SC AB This paper presents a robotics-based method for on-orbit identification of inertia properties of spacecraft. The method makes use of an onboard robotic arm to change the inertia distribution of the spacecraft system. As a result of the inertia redistribution, the velocity of the spacecraft system will change correspondingly. Because the velocity change is measurable and the inertia redistribution of the robotic arm itself is precisely computable, the inertia parameters of the spacecraft body become the only unknown in the momentum equations and, hence, can be identified from the momentum equations of the spacecraft system. To treat the problem as a linear identification problem, it has to be solved in two steps. The first step is to identify the mass and mass center of the spacecraft; and the second step is to identify the inertia tensor of the spacecraft. The advantages of this method are 1) it does not consume fuel because a robotic subsystem is energized by solar power; 2) it requires measuring velocities only, but not accelerations and forces; and 3) it is not affected by internal forces, which are difficult to accurately measure. The paper investigates the sensitivity of the method with respect to different arm/spacecraft mass ratios, arm motion trajectories, and velocity-measurement errors. C1 [Ma, Ou] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Dang, Hung] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Pham, Khanh] USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ma, O (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM oma@nmsu.edu; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 20 TC 26 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1771 DI 10.2514/1.35188 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600021 ER PT J AU Jah, MK Lisano, ME Born, GH Axelrad, P AF Jah, Moriba K. Lisano, Michael E., II Born, George H. Axelrad, Penina TI Mars Aerobraking Spacecraft State Estimation by Processing Inertial Measurement Unit Data SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SpaceOps 2006 Conference CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY AB Aerobraking is an efficient technique for orbit adjustment of planetary spacecraft, such as the Magellan (Venue), the Mars Global Surveyor, and the Mars Odyssey. Determination of the vehicle state during the aerobraking phase has conventionally been performed using only radiometric tracking data before and following the atmospheric drag pass. This approach is sufficiently accurate and timely to meet current mission operational requirements; however, it is human-hour-intensive and leads to delayed results because of the need for post-drag-pass data. This research presents a new approach to estimation of the vehicle state during the atmospheric pass that sequentially incorporates observations from an inertial measurement unit and models of the vehicle and environment. The approach, called inertial measurements for aeroassisted navigation, has a comparable navigation accuracy and superior availability of the results immediately after completion of the pass against current navigation team solutions. Furthermore, the research shows that inertial measurements for aeroassisted navigation can be used to reliably predict subsequent periapsis times and locations over all aerobraking regimes; it also yields accurate peak dynamic pressure and heating rates, critical for a successful corridor control strategy. This research also provides the first instance of the utilization of the unscented Kalman filter for the purpose of estimating an actual spacecraft trajectory arc about another planet. C1 [Jah, Moriba K.] USAF, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Lisano, Michael E., II] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Navigat & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91040 USA. [Axelrad, Penina] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jah, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Force Maui Opt & Supercomp Site,535 Lipoa Pkw, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1802 EP 1813 DI 10.2514/1.24304 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600025 ER PT J AU Smith, AL AF Smith, Austin L. TI Proportional Navigation with Adaptive. Terminal Guidance for Aircraft Rendezvous SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Hilton Head, SC SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID CONSTRAINT; IMPACT C1 USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, AL (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 2180 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1832 EP 1836 DI 10.2514/1.33535 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 369YA UT WOS:000260728600031 ER PT J AU Nadgorny, EM Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD AF Nadgorny, Edward M. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Uchic, Michael D. TI Size effects in LiF micron-scale single crystals of low dislocation density SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; PLASTIC-FLOW; STRENGTH AB This stud), examines the size-dependent deformation response Of pure LiF single crystals using microcompression testing. Microcrystals with an < 001 > orientation and sample diameter D ranging from I to 20 mu m were fabricated by focused loll beam (FIB)-milling from bulk crystals having a low initial dislocation density. Both as-grown and gamma-irradiated crystals were examined to characterize the effect of an increased point defect density on the size-affected plastic flow response. Similar to previously Studied face-centered cubic (FCC)-derivative metals, both types of LiF microcrystals exhibit typical size-dependent plastic flow behavior: a dramatic size-dependent and statistically varying flow stress, atypically high strain hardening rates at small plastic strains. and fast intermittent strain bursts. The size-dependent strengthening, obeys a power law, sigma similar to D-'''. where m approximate to 0.8, and this rapid hardening results in enoineerincy flow stresses of 650 MPa in 1-mu m samples. The findings are evaluated against possible dislocation mechanisms that Could be responsible for the observed size effects. C1 [Nadgorny, Edward M.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Dimiduk, Dennis M.; Uchic, Michael D.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadgorny, EM (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM nadgorny@mtu.edu NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2829 EP 2835 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0349 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 373AU UT WOS:000260944200001 ER PT J AU Maruyama, B Arepalli, S AF Maruyama, Benji Arepalli, Sivaram TI The Proceedings of the Second Workshop on SWCNT Growth Mechanisms Organized by NASA-JSC and Rice University SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Arepalli, Sivaram] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RI Arepalli, Sivaram/A-5372-2010; Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 11 BP 6052 EP 6052 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.SW1a PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 379IV UT WOS:000261390800068 ER PT J AU Powell, ET AF Powell, Ehaa T. TI The Role of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Reticulated Open Cell Foam in the Treatment of War Wounds SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE NPWT/ROCF; aeromedical; VAC; VAC Therapy ID VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; SOFT-TISSUE INJURIES; EXPERIENCE AB The treatment of war wounds poses many unique challenges to all healthcare providers (surgeons, flight medics, nurses, etc.), whether they arc located at the far forward trauma hospitals located in or near areas of conflict, at regional hospitals Such as Landstuhl Medical Center in Germany, or the larger military hospitals in the United States. These complex wounds often involve massive loss of soft tissue and bone, arc contaminated, and are unlike most injuries seen at civilian hospitals. Treatment guidelines, or doctrine, Lire the result of lessons learned in conflicts over the past few centuries dating back to early 19th century Europe through the Vietnam and recent Persian Gulf war. Advances in surgical and medical treatment have resulted from the complex challenges presented to the war trauma surgeon. More than I million patients have been treated for chronic pressure ulcers, abdominal wounds, diabetic ulcers. and acute civilian trauma wounds with negative pressure wound therapy with reticulated open cell foam (NPWT/ROCF) as delivered by VA.C.(R) Therapy (KCI, San Antonio. TX) for over the past decade. However, the use of NPWT/ROCF for the care of war Wounds at battlefield trauma hospitals and/or in the aeromedical evacuation transport system aboard aircraft is a new application of this wound treatment not yet accepted as doctrine. Investigational studies are ongoing to Study the safety and efficacy of the treatment of battlefield wounds with NPWT/ROCF both for those national citizens treated at the trauma hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan and for those Wounded American and coalition patients who are transported through the aeromedical transport system to medical centers in the United States. C1 [Powell, Ehaa T.] 3rd Med Grp, Elmendorf AFB, AK USA. RP Powell, ET (reprint author), Alaska Reg Hosp, 2751 DeBarr Rd,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM etpowell@gci.net NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 SU S BP S138 EP S141 DI 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318188e27d PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 371GP UT WOS:000260820100004 PM 19034160 ER PT J AU Murillo, J Wang, Y Xu, XP Klebe, RJ Chen, ZH Zardeneta, G Pal, S Mikhailova, M Steffensen, B AF Murillo, Jesse Wang, Yao Xu, Xiaoping Klebe, Robert J. Chen, Zhihua Zardeneta, Gustavo Pal, Sanjay Mikhailova, Margarita Steffensen, Bjorn TI Advanced Glycation of Type I Collagen and Fibronectin Modifies Periodontal Cell Behavior SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Advanced glycation end products; diabetes mellitus; fibronectin; methylglyoxal; periodontal disease; type I collagen ID END-PRODUCTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MAILLARD REACTION; ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION; POTENTIAL MECHANISM; ADHESION PROTEINS; HUMAN LENS; METHYLGLYOXAL; BINDING AB Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGES) have been linked to pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the contribution of protein glycation to periodontal disease in patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study investigated whether glycation of type I Collagen (COLI) and fibronectin (FN) modified the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLs). Methods: Procedures for rapid in vitro glycation of COLI and FN used methylglyoxal (MG). Formation of AGEs was analyzed by changes in protein migration using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with antibodies specific for MG-glycated proteins. Experiments then characterized the effects of glycated FN and COLI on the behavior of hGFs and hPDLs. Results: MG glycated COLI and FN in <6 hours. Confirming the specificity of the reactions, antibodies specific for MG-induced AGES reacted with glycated FN and COLI but not with control proteins. In cell culture experiments, glycated FN was significantly less efficient in supporting the attachment of hGFs and hPDLs (P<0.05). Moreover, the morphologic parameters, including length, area, perimeter, and shape factor, were altered (P<0.001) for cells on both glycated proteins. Finally, cell migration was reduced on glycated FN and COLI (P<0.001). Conclusions: MG treatment efficiently glycated COLI and FN, providing a new tool to study the effects of diabetes on periodontal disease. The substantial effects of glycated COLI and FN on hGF and hPDL behavior indicated that protein glycation contributed to the pathogenesis and altered periodontal wound healing observed in patients with diabetes. J Periodontol 2008;79:2190-2199. C1 [Murillo, Jesse; Wang, Yao; Xu, Xiaoping; Chen, Zhihua; Pal, Sanjay; Mikhailova, Margarita; Steffensen, Bjorn] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Murillo, Jesse] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Klebe, Robert J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Zardeneta, Gustavo] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Steffensen, Bjorn] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Steffensen, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM steffensenb@uthscsa.edu FU National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [DE14236, DE17139, DE016312] FX The authors appreciate the contribution of antibodies by Dr. Farrukh A. Shamsi, Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. This research was supported by grants DE14236, DE17139, and DE016312 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the United States Air Force or Department of Defense. The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 EI 1943-3670 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 79 IS 11 BP 2190 EP 2199 DI 10.1902/jop.2008.080210 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 372WV UT WOS:000260933900025 PM 18980529 ER PT J AU Allgood, D Gutmark, E Hoke, J Bradley, R Schauer, F AF Allgood, Daniel Gutmark, Ephraim Hoke, John Bradley, Royce Schauer, Fred TI Performance Studies of Pulse Detonation Engine Ejectors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TUBE AB An experimental study on the performance of pulse detonation engine ejectors was performed. Time-averaged thrust augmentation produced by straight and diverging pulse detonation engine ejectors was measured using a damped thrust stand. The ejector length-to-diameter ratio was varied from 1.25 to 5.62 by changing the length of the ejector and maintaining a nominal ejector diameter ratio of 2.75. In general, the level of thrust augmentation was found to increase with ejector length. Also, the ejector performance was observed to be strongly dependent on the operating fill fraction. A new nondimensional parameter incorporating the fill fraction was proposed. When the pulse detonation engine ejector data were represented as a function of this new parameter, the ejector data were reduced to one representative thrust augmentation curve for ejectors of similar internal geometry. Straight pulse detonation engine ejectors compared well with the available data on straight steady-flow ejectors. Diverging pulse detonation engine ejectors produced nearly twice the thrust augmentation as their straight-ejector counterparts due to the additional thrust surface area the divergence provided. All pulse detonation engine ejectors tested were seen to be sensitive to the axial position of the ejector as well. The optimum ejector axial placement was found to be a function of fill fraction due to a tradeoff between the detonation wave induced drag and increased C1 [Gutmark, Ephraim] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hoke, John; Bradley, Royce] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Schauer, Fred] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Head Pulsed Detonat Res Facil, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Allgood, D (reprint author), NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc.; NASA Glenn Research Center [NAG3-2669]; University of Cincinnati FX The authors would like to thank the Propulsion Directorate at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., for providing the financial support for this work. In addition, the authors are grateful for the financial support from NASA Glenn Research Center (NAG3-2669) for sponsoring the development of the University of Cincinnati pulse detonation engine research facility. The technical support of Curtis Rice of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., is also appreciated. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1317 EP 1323 DI 10.2514/1.35001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 372EX UT WOS:000260886000015 ER PT J AU Glaser, AJ Caldwell, N Gutmark, E Hoket, J Bradley, R Schauer, F AF Glaser, Aaron J. Caldwell, Nicholas Gutmark, Ephraim Hoket, John Bradley, Royce Schauer, Frederick TI Study on the Operation of Pulse-Detonation Engine-Driven Ejectors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID THRUST AUGMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; IMPULSE; MODEL; TUBE AB Experimental studies were performed to improve the understanding of the operation of ejector augmenters driven by a pulse-detonation engine. The research employs an H-2-air pulse-detonation engine at an operating frequency of 30 Hz. Static pressure was measured along the interior surface of the ejector, including the inlet and exhaust sections. Thrust augmentation provided by the ejector was calculated by integration of the static pressure measured along the ejector geometry. The computed thrust augmentation was in good agreement with that obtained from direct thrust measurements. Both straight and diverging ejectors were investigated. The diverging ejector pressure distribution shows that the diverging section acts as a subsonic diffuser and has a tremendous impact on the behavior of the inlet entrainment flow. Static pressure data were also collected for various ejector axial positions. These data supported the thrust augmentation trends found through direct thrust measurements. Specifically, the optimum axial placement was found to be downstream of the pulse-detonation engine near x/D-PDE = +2, whereas upstream placements tend to result in decreasing thrust augmentation. To provide a better explanation of the observed performance trends, shadowgraph images of the detonation wave and trailing vortex interacting with the ejector inlet were obtained. C1 [Glaser, Aaron J.; Caldwell, Nicholas; Gutmark, Ephraim] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hoket, John; Bradley, Royce] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Schauer, Frederick] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glaser, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, ML0070, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., (ISSI) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Propulsion Directorate at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., (ISSI) for providing financial support for this work. The technical support of Curtis Rice of ISSI is also greatly appreciated, as is the assistance of Russell Dimicco of the Gas Dynamics and Propulsion Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1324 EP 1331 DI 10.2514/1.37869 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 372EX UT WOS:000260886000016 ER PT J AU Phoenix, RD Fleigel, JD AF Phoenix, Rodney D. Fleigel, Jeffrey D. TI CAST MODIFICATION FOR IMMEDIATE COMPLETE DENTURES:TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY CONSIDERATIONS WITH AN INTRODUCTION OF SPATIAL MODELING SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE DENTURES; CONSTRUCTION; THICKNESS; SERVICE; GINGIVA C1 [Phoenix, Rodney D.] USAF, Grad Prosthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fleigel, Jeffrey D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Phoenix, RD (reprint author), USAF, Grad Prosthodont Residency Program, 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ambp56@aol.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60244-9 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 374LB UT WOS:000261043800010 PM 18992574 ER PT J AU Beesley, R Trevino, N Smyth, M Gould, C Robinson, R AF Beesley, Ronald Trevino, Naomi Smyth, Michael Gould, Claire Robinson, Randal TI Vaginal Fluid Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for Detection of Rupture of Membranes SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE human chorionic gonadotropin; rupture of membranes ID PREMATURE RUPTURE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) assays to detect ruptured amniotic membranes (ROM) in term patients. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling 100 term pregnancies with intact membranes. Samples were collected before and immediately following ROM, and at 2 and 4 hours post-ROM. Quantitative and qualitative hCG assays were performed on all samples. Outcome measures included the detection and measured amount Of hCG before and after ROM. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for the qualitative assays were determined. RESULTS: A total of 98% pre-ROM and 100% post-ROM qualitative assays tested positive with mean quantitative hCG levels of 181.30 mIU/mL, and 208.24 mIU/mL, respectively. The qualitative post-ROM sensitivity was 100%; however, the pre-ROM specificity was only 2%. The positive predictive value for detecting ROM was 50%. CONCLUSION: Qualitative and quantitative hCG assays are not useful for determining ROM in term pregnancies. (J Reprod Med 2008;53:823-826) C1 [Beesley, Ronald; Trevino, Naomi; Smyth, Michael; Gould, Claire; Robinson, Randal] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Beesley, R (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM rd-beesley@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU J REPROD MED INC PI ST LOUIS PA 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 53 IS 11 BP 823 EP 826 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 376ZR UT WOS:000261222000002 PM 19097513 ER PT J AU Berger, KT Greene, FA Kimmel, R Alba, C Johnson, H AF Berger, Karen T. Greene, Frank A. Kimmel, Roger Alba, Christopher Johnson, Heath TI Aerothermodynamic Testing and Boundary-Layer Trip Sizing of the HIFiRE Flight 1 Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS AB An experimental wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center's 20 in. Mach 6 air tunnel in support of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation Program. The information in this paper focuses on the flight 1 configuration, the first in a series of flight experiments. The paper documents the experimental measurements made over Reynolds numbers ranging from 2.1 to 5.6 x 10(6)/ft and angles of attack from -5 to +5 deg on several scaled ceramic heat-transfer models of the flight I configuration. Global heat transfer was measured using phosphor thermography, and the resulting images and heat-transfer distributions were used to infer the state of the boundary layer on the vehicle wind- and lee-side surfaces. Boundary-layer trips were used to obtain turbulent heating information, and the experimental data highlighted in this paper were used to size and place the boundary-layer trip for the flight vehicle. The required height of the flight boundary-layer trip was determined to be 0.079 in., and the trip was moved from the design location of 7.87 to 20.47 in. to ensure that augmented heating would not impact the laminar side of the vehicle. The allowable roughness was selected to be 3.2 x 10(-3) in. C1 [Berger, Karen T.; Greene, Frank A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kimmel, Roger] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alba, Christopher; Johnson, Heath] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Berger, KT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Mail Stop 408A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.2514/1.38722 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 384MT UT WOS:000261749600004 ER PT J AU Griffin, S Lane, SA Lazzaro, A AF Griffin, Steven Lane, Steven A. Lazzaro, Anthony TI Active Vibroacoustic Device for Noise Reduction in Launch Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE POSITION FEEDBACK; SPACE STRUCTURES; ACOUSTIC CONTROL; TRANSMISSION; RESONATOR; ENCLOSURE; ARRAYS AB This paper presents the development of a noise mitigation device for launch vehicle fairings and the performance of the device as measured from sounding rocket experiments conducted by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate. A new modeling approach to predict the internal acoustic response particular to sounding rockets is presented wherein the interior noise results from the time varying accelerations acting through the forward bulkhead. This model is different from typical approaches used for payload fairing noise prediction in which the primary noise sources are the rocket motors. This model would also apply to rockets of a similar aspect ratio and acceleration profile. The active acoustic absorber presented in this work can be tuned for optimal performance just minutes before launch. Acceleration and acoustic measurements from two sounding rocket launches are presented to validate the modeling approach and to demonstrate the performance of the active acoustic absorber. Data showed that a single device achieved an 8.8 dB reduction in the sound pressure level from 20 to 300 Hz. C1 [Griffin, Steven; Lazzaro, Anthony] Boeing SVS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Lane, Steven A.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), Boeing SVS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1282 EP 1292 DI 10.2514/1.36787 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 384MT UT WOS:000261749600020 ER PT J AU Black, JT Leifer, J Smith, SW AF Black, Jonathan T. Leifer, Jack Smith, Suzanne Weaver TI Global Static Testing and Model Validation of Stiffened Thin-Film Polyimide Panels SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SPACE STRUCTURES; TORUS C1 [Black, Jonathan T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. [Leifer, Jack] Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Smith, Suzanne Weaver] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Black, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 FU NASA Graduate Student Research Program [NNL04AA21H]; NASA Small Business Innovation Research FX This work was performed under a NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowship, grant number NNL04AA21H (Richard Pappa, advisor), and a NASA Small Business Innovation Research grant (Larry Bradford, principal investigator). This work is a portion of a Ph.D. Dissertation through the University of Kentucky, Jack Leifer and Suzanne Weaver Smith, advisors, and George Blandford and Kozo Saito, committee members. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1318 EP 1323 DI 10.2514/1.37131 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 384MT UT WOS:000261749600024 ER PT J AU Logan-Collins, LM Barnes, SL Huezo, KL Pritts, TA AF Logan-Collins, Locelyn M. Barnes, Stephen L. Huezo, Karen L. Pritts, Timothy A. TI Management of Common Postoperative Emergencies: Are July Interns Ready for Prime Time? SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL LINE SIMULATION; LAPAROSCOPIC SKILLS; TEACHING HOSPITALS; SURGICAL OUTCOMES; NONTEACHING HOSPITALS; TRANSLATING SKILLS; TRAINING ALGORITHM; OPERATING-ROOM; WORK HOURS; SIM TIME C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Logan-Collins, LM (reprint author), 231 Albert Sabin Way,Mail Locat 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM jmlc@insightbb.com NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1931-7204 J9 J SURG EDUC JI J. Surg. Educ. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2008.04.009 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Surgery SC Education & Educational Research; Surgery GA 383YI UT WOS:000261709900012 ER PT J AU Yuldashev, SU Kang, TW Nusretov, RA Khvan, IV Khabibullaev, PK Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL AF Yuldashev, Sh. U. Kang, T. W. Nusretov, R. A. Khvan, I. V. Khabibullaev, P. K. Yeo, Y. K. Hengehold, R. L. TI Electroluminescence of n-Zn1-xMgxO/ZnO/p-Zn1-xMgxO Heterostructures Grown on Si Substrates SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Jeju City, SOUTH KOREA DE p-type ZnO; ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure; Electroluminescence ID ZNO FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB The n-Zn0.9Mg0.1O/ZnO/p-Zn0.9Mg0.1O heterojunction structures were grown on single-crystal p-type Si (100) substrates by using a simple process of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Aqueous solutions of zinc acetate, magnesium acetate, and ammonium acetate were used as the sources of Zn, Mg, and N, respectively. P-type conductivity was observed for the nitrogen-doped ZnO and Zn0.9Mg0.1O films. A distinct visible electroluminescence was observed at room temperature from the n-Zn0.9Mg0.1O/ZnO/p-Zn0.9Mg0.1O heterojunction structures under forward bias conditions. C1 [Yuldashev, Sh. U.; Kang, T. W.] Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Nusretov, R. A.; Khvan, I. V.; Khabibullaev, P. K.] Uzbek Acad Sci, Heat Phys Dept, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. [Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yuldashev, SU (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM shavkat@dongguk.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 EI 1976-8524 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 SI SI BP 2913 EP 2916 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 372XH UT WOS:000260935100035 ER PT J AU Geri, GA Pierce, BJ Patterson, R AF Geri, George A. Pierce, Byron J. Patterson, Robert TI Oculomotor contribution to the change in perceived speed with viewing distance SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID EGOCENTRIC DISTANCE; STEREOSCOPIC DEPTH; VELOCITY CONSTANCY; SIZE CONSTANCY; ADJUSTMENTS; PERCEPTION; MOTION; CUES; CONVERGENCE AB An array of moving circular stimuli was used to determine whether perceived speed is affected by the oculomotor responses associated with changes in viewing distance. The perceived speed of stimuli viewed at either 0.33 or 1.33 m was compared to the perceived speed of a similar stimulus viewed at a distance of 5.5 m. In addition, a control condition was run in which changes in perceived speed were compared for monocular viewing of the 0.33 in and 5.5 m stimuli. In the binocular condition, there were statistically significant decreases in perceived speed of about 11% for the 0.33 in viewing distance, and about 6.5% for the 1.33 in viewing distance. There was no significant decrease in perceived speed in the monocular condition. This latter finding, along with the similar appearance of the near and far stimuli in the monocular condition, suggests that ocular vergence (as opposed to accommodation or vergence-accommodation) was the primary determinant of the change in perceived speed with changes in binocular viewing distance. Although the change in perceived speed with fixation distance was relatively small, the data from all observers were in the direction of speed constancy. Thus, to the extent that vergence is a cue to egocentric distance, the present data suggest that egocentric distance is used to scale the perceived speed of targets moving at different distances from the observer. 0 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Geri, George A.; Patterson, Robert] Visual Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Pierce, Byron J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Patterson, Robert] Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Patterson, R (reprint author), Visual Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM rpatter@mail.wsu.edu FU U.S. Air Force [F-41624-97-D-5000, FA8650-05-D-6502]; Air Combat Command (ACC/A8AT); Secretary of the Air Force International Affairs (SAF/IA); Defence Research and Development Canada-Toronto FX This research was performed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Mesa, Arizona, and was supported by U.S. Air Force contracts F-41624-97-D-5000 and FA8650-05-D-6502. In addition, the following agencies provided financial and/or technical support for this research: Air Combat Command (ACC/A8AT), Secretary of the Air Force International Affairs (SAF/IA), and Defence Research and Development Canada-Toronto. The authors thank Edgar Moreno (The Boeing Co.) for providing the stimulus generation and data collection software. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2851 EP 2857 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.002851 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 381FI UT WOS:000261520700029 PM 18978866 ER PT J AU Weld, KJ Montiglio, C Bush, AC Dixon, PS Schwertner, HA Hensley, DM Cowart, JR Cespedes, RD AF Weld, Kyle J. Montiglio, Claudio Bush, Anneke C. Dixon, Patricia S. Schwertner, Harvey A. Hensley, Donna M. Cowart, Jerry R. Cespedes, R. Duane TI Predicting Irreparable Renal Ischemic Injury Using a Real-Time Marker in the Porcine Model SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; ischemia; microdialysis; swine; glycerol ID NEPHRON SPARING SURGERY; LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; WARM ISCHEMIA; MICRODIALYSIS; COMPLICATIONS; HYPOTHERMIA; GLUTAMATE; LACTATE AB Purpose: We determined the maximal renal tolerance of warm ischemia using renal cortical interstitial metabolic changes to identify a potential real-time marker of irreparable renal function. Materials and Methods: Using a single kidney model 3 groups of 5 pigs each underwent 120, 150 and 180 minutes of warm ischemia, respectively. Microdialysis samples were collected before, during and after ischemia. Renal function assessments consisting of serum creatinine and GFR measurements were performed before ischemia and on post-ischemia days 1, 5, 9, 14 and 28. Kidneys exposed and not exposed to ischemia were collected for histological study. Results: Interstitial glucose and pyruvate concentrations decreased, while lactate concentrations increased to stable levels during ischemia. Glutamate spiked at 30 minutes of ischemia and subsequently tapered, while glycerol increased throughout warm ischemia time. At post-ischemia day 28 renal function returned to pre-ischemia baseline levels in the group with 120 minutes of ischemia but did not recover to baseline in the 150 and 180-minute ischemic groups. Functional data correlated with histological findings. The 120-minute maximal renal tolerance of warm ischemia correlated with a mean +/- SD glycerol concentration of 167 +/- 24 mu mol/l. Conclusions: Interstitial glycerol is a real-time, renal unit specific, minimally invasive marker of renal function deterioration. Exposure of porcine kidneys to ischemic insults resulting in renal cortical interstitial glycerol concentrations higher than 167 mu mol/l is associated with irreparable functional damage in this model. C1 [Bush, Anneke C.; Dixon, Patricia S.; Schwertner, Harvey A.; Hensley, Donna M.; Cowart, Jerry R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Bush, Anneke C.; Dixon, Patricia S.; Schwertner, Harvey A.; Hensley, Donna M.; Cowart, Jerry R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weld, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol SGCXU, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Kyle.weld@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 180 IS 5 BP 2218 EP 2225 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.017 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 361BH UT WOS:000260102000085 PM 18804795 ER PT J AU Eller, R Ginsburg, M Lurie, D Heman-Ackah, Y Lyons, K Sataloff, R AF Eller, Robert Ginsburg, Mark Lurie, Deborah Heman-Ackah, Yolanda Lyons, Karen Sataloff, Robert TI Flexible Laryngoscopy: A Comparision of Fiber Optic and Distal Chip Technologies. Part 1: Vocal Fold Masses SO JOURNAL OF VOICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the Voice-Foundation CY JUN, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Voice Fdn DE Flexible laryngoscopy; Fiber optic; Distal chip; Stroboscopy; Videostroboscopy; Vocal fold; Larynx; Digital; Videoendoscope; Laryngoscope; Mass; Mucosal wave; Larynx; Imaging; Cyst ID STROBOSCOPY AB This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of fiber optic (FO) and distal chip (DC) flexible imaging platforms in the diagnosis of true vocal fold pathology when compared to the gold standard rigid transoral laryngeal telescopic examination. The recorded strobovideolaryngoscopic examinations of 34 consecutive patients were evaluated retrospectively by five raters. All stroboscopy segments were evaluated by two laryngologists, an otolaryngologist, a laryngology fellow, and an otolaryngology resident. Seventeen patients were examined with a high-quality, large-diameter, FO flexible laryngoscope (170 group) and 17 random patients were examined with a DC flexible laryngoscope (DC group). Each patient was also examined Using rigid laryngeal videostroboscopy at the same sitting. Examinations of three patients from each group were presented twice to monitor internal consistency. Diagnoses of intrinsic vocal fold pathology made with the flexible laryngoscopes were compared for accuracy to the diagnoses provided using the rigid laryngeal telescope. The ability to make clinical diagnoses via stroboscopy was statistically equivalent with FO technology and DC technology. Rigid examination provided more information than the flexible examination in 27% of the FO examinations and in 32% of the DC examinations. DC technology did not add diagnostic information to the examination when compared to a high-quality, large-diameter, FO endoscope. Rigid endoscopy provides Superior images of the true vocal folds and is necessary for precise diagnosis in patients with true vocal fold pathology. Thus, the most cost- effective means of evaluation of voice disorders remains FO flexible endoscopy for dynamic voice assessment and the neurolarynglogic examination followed by rigid stroboscopy for evaluation of the Vocal fold edge and mucosal wave. Strobovideolaryngoscopy using high-quality FO or DC flexible equipment should be reserved for patients who cannot tolerate transoral rigid examination. such as children and those with a very strong gag reflex. C1 [Eller, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, USAF Aerodigest & Voice Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Ginsburg, Mark] Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Lurie, Deborah] St Josephs Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Heman-Ackah, Yolanda; Lyons, Karen; Sataloff, Robert] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sataloff, R (reprint author), 1721 Pine St, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM robert.cllcr@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0892-1997 J9 J VOICE JI J. Voice PD NOV PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 746 EP 750 DI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.003 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 376CI UT WOS:000261160200018 PM 18207364 ER PT J AU Fechine, PBA Moretzsohn, RST Costa, RCS Derov, J Stewart, JW Drehman, AJ Junqueira, C Sombra, ASB AF Fechine, P. B. A. Moretzsohn, R. S. T. Costa, R. C. S. Derov, J. Stewart, J. W. Drehman, A. J. Junqueira, C. Sombra, A. S. B. TI Magneto-dielectric properties of the Y3FE5O12 and GD(3)FE(5)O(12) dielectric ferrite resonator antennas SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rare earth iron garnets; ferrite-resonator antennas; wide-band; antennas; ferrite ID COAXIAL PROBE; AIR-GAP AB The main objective of this work was to study the magnetic (aid dielectric properties of Y3Fe5O12 and Gd3Fe5O12 garnets resonator antennas obtained from a new procedure in the solid stale ceramic technique. These ferrite resonator antennas (FRAs) had the ability to change their characteristics as a function of the applied magnetic,field. The Y3Fe5O12 resonator was able to increase the antenna frequency range with application of external magnetic field. Some of the properties of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) can be actively, controlled by using low-loss ferrite materials. When unbiased, these ferrite resonator antennas (FRAs) exhibit similar behavior to DRAs. However when a DC magnetic bias is applied, the tensor nature of the ferrite permeability is invoked, and various parameters can be controlled electronically. We also studied the magnetic behavior of the antennas and did a numerical study of the gain and directivity of the ferrite resonator antennas. These results can he important to develop wideband third-generation (3G) cellular phones and other wireless products. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Fechine, P. B. A.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Analit & Fis Quim, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. [Moretzsohn, R. S. T.; Costa, R. C. S.; Sombra, A. S. B.] Univ Fed Ceara, Lab Telecomunicacoes & Ciencia & Engn Mat LOCEM, Dept Fis, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. [Derov, J.; Stewart, J. W.; Drehman, A. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Junqueira, C.] AEL, Div Elect, IAE, CTA, BR-12228904 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Fechine, PBA (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Analit & Fis Quim, Campus Pici,CP 12100, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. EM fechine@ufc.br RI Fechine, Pierre/B-7937-2013; 8, INCT/H-6363-2013; 51, INCT/H-6644-2013; Fotonica, INCT/H-9159-2013; Costa, Rodrigo/C-1176-2014; Sombra, Antonio /B-2963-2013; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016 OI Fechine, Pierre/0000-0002-7822-2354; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780 FU CAPES; CNPq; FUNCAP; CELESTICA; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-06-1-0543] FX This work was partly sponsored by CAPES, CNPq, FUNCAP (Brazilian agencies), CELESTICA, and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-06-1-0543). NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2852 EP 2857 DI 10.1002/mop.23824 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 352ZB UT WOS:000259534800033 ER PT J AU Appolonio, KK Fingerhut, P AF Appolonio, Kathryn Kanzler Fingerhut, Pandy TI Postpartum Depression in a Military Sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Association-for-Behavioral-and-Cognitive-Theory Conference CY NOV 16-19, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Assoc Behav & Cognit Theory ID MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTIONS; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; MENTAL-HEALTH; AIR-FORCE; WOMEN; SCALE; PREDICTORS; RISK; SATISFACTION; METAANALYSIS AB Postpartum depression (PPD) affects nearly I in 8 mothers and has many negative implications. Studies show particular risk factors are linked with PPD. There are nearly 200,000 women serving in the U.S. Armed Forces, but little is known regarding PPD and active duty (AD) mothers. This study examined rates and risk factors for AD mothers and found that 19.5% were positive for PPD symptoms. Ten significant psychosocial factors were associated with PPD, including low self-esteem, prenatal anxiety, prenatal depression, history of previous depression, social support, poor marital satisfaction, life stress, child care stress, difficult infant temperament, and maternity blues. This study has implications for prevention, identification, and treatment of AD military women with PPD. C1 [Appolonio, Kathryn Kanzler] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fingerhut, Pandy] La Salle Univ, Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19143 USA. RP Appolonio, KK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 173 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1091 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 372UT UT WOS:000260928200007 PM 19055183 ER PT J AU Corso, KA McGeary, DD AF Corso, Kent A. McGeary, Donald D. TI Trichotillomania and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HABIT-REVERSAL; OUTCOME QUESTIONNAIRE; COMMITMENT THERAPY; DOUBLE-BLIND; FLUOXETINE; TRIAL; CLOMIPRAMINE; ACCEPTANCE AB This is a clinical case study of a 45-year-old, Caucasian male, active duty military officer. It demonstrates the short-term efficacy of habit-reversal training on the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM) in three 50-minute sessions, with concomitant, but unanticipated decreases in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and emotional distress as measured by the PTSD Checklist, Form PCL-M and OQ-45, respectively. This study discusses the benefits and limitations of such a short treatment for comorbid TTM and PTSD, while positing the relationship between the two disorders. Finally, it]ends support for the classification of TTM as an anxiety disorder rather than an impulse-control disorder. C1 [Corso, Kent A.] Eglin Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [McGeary, Donald D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Wing 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Corso, KA (reprint author), Eglin Hosp, Suite 114,307 Boatner Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM kentcorso@gmail.com NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 173 IS 11 BP 1136 EP 1141 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 372UT UT WOS:000260928200015 PM 19055191 ER PT J AU Ballard, EA Campbell, SE AF Ballard, Elizabeth A. Campbell, Scot E. TI Unusual Pattern of Bucket-Handle, Medial Meniscal Tear in Magnetic Resonance Imaging SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CADAVERIC KNEE; CONTACT MECHANICS; MENISCECTOMY AB We present an unusual case of a medial meniscal tear in which a large fragment of meniscus was displaced posteriorly, outside the intercondylar notch, posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The appearance mimicked a second PCL posteriorly. The extensive longitudinal ("bucket-handle") tear was detached from the anterior horn of the meniscus but remained in continuity with the posterior tibial attachment. The fragment was prevented from displacement into the intercondylar notch by its large size, the ligament of Humphrey, and the anatomic location of the PCL. This case highlights the value of thin-section, high-resolution, cartilage-sensitive imaging, not only in defining the extent, location, and source of displaced meniscal fragments but also in demonstrating associated chondral injuries. C1 [Ballard, Elizabeth A.] Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Campbell, Scot E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ballard, EA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 173 IS 11 BP 1142 EP 1144 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 372UT UT WOS:000260928200016 PM 19055192 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Tang, GL Fadare, O Hao, SY Raza, A Woda, BA Hasserjian, RP AF Wang, Sa A. Tang, Guilin Fadare, Oluwole Hao, Suyang Raza, Azra Woda, Bruce A. Hasserjian, Robert P. TI Erythroid-predominant myelodysplastic syndromes: enumeration of blasts from nonerythroid rather than total marrow cells provides superior risk stratification SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myelodysplastic syndrome; erythroid precursors; blasts enumeration; prognosis; survival ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; BONE-MARROW; VALPROIC ACID; CD34(+) CELLS; CLASSIFICATION; ERYTHROLEUKEMIA; TRANSPLANTATION; PROPOSALS AB In the FAB (French-American-British) and WHO (World Heath Organization) classifications, the blasts in erythroleukemia (M6a) are enumerated from the marrow nonerythroid rather than the total-nucleated cells. However, the method for blast calculation in erythroid-predominant myelodysplastic syndrome (erythroblasts >= 50%) is not specified either in the FAB or WHO classifications. We retrieved the files of 74 erythroid-predominant myelodysplastic syndrome patients (17% of all myelodysplastic syndrome) and 192 myelodysplastic syndrome controls (erythroblasts < 50%). In erythroid-predominant myelodysplastic syndrome, by enumerating blasts from marrow nonerythroid cells rather than from total nucleated cells, 41 of 74 (55%) cases would be upgraded, either by disease subcategory or International Prognostic Scoring System. Importantly, the patients with >= 5% blasts demonstrated a superior survival to patients with >= 5% blasts (P = 0.002); this distinction was lost when blasts were calculated from total-nucleated cells. Of cases with >= 5% blasts, cytogenetics rather than blast count correlated with survival. We conclude that in erythroid-predominant myelodysplastic syndrome, blast calculation as a proportion of marrow nonerythroid rather than total nucleated cells can better stratify patients into prognostically relevant groups. C1 [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Hematopathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wang, Sa A.; Tang, Guilin; Hao, Suyang; Woda, Bruce A.] Univ Massachusetts, UMass Mem Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Lackland AFB, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Raza, Azra] St Vincents Comprehens Canc Ctr, Myelodysplast Syndrome Program, New York, NY USA. [Hasserjian, Robert P.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Hematopathol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 72, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM swang5@mdanderson.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1394 EP 1402 DI 10.1038/modpathol.2008.142 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 365RK UT WOS:000260425300013 PM 18839018 ER PT J AU Hall, SN Jacobson, SH Sewell, EC AF Hall, Shane N. Jacobson, Sheldon H. Sewell, Edward C. TI An Analysis of Pediatric Vaccine Formulary Selection Problems SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SET COVERING PROBLEM; APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM; COMBINATION VACCINES; ECONOMIC VALUE; IMMUNIZATION; CHALLENGES AB Vaccination against infectious disease is hailed as one of the great achievements in public health. However, the United States Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule is becoming increasingly complex as it is expanded to cover additional diseases. Moreover, biotechnology advances have allowed vaccine manufacturers to create combination vaccines that immunize against several diseases in a single injection. All these factors are creating a combinatorial explosion of alternatives and choices (each with a different cost) for public health policy makers, pediatricians, and parents/guardians (each with a different perspective). The General Vaccine Formulary Selection Problem (GVFSP) is introduced to model general childhood immunization schedules that can be used to illuminate these alternatives and choices by selecting a vaccine formulary that minimizes the cost of fully immunizing a child and the amount of extraimmunization. Both exact algorithms and heuristics for GVFSP are presented. A computational comparison of these algorithms and heuristics is presented for the 2006 Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule, as well as several randomly generated childhood immunization schedules that are likely to be representative of future childhood immunization schedules. The results reported here provide both fundamental insights into the structure of the GVFSP models and algorithms and practical value for the public health community. C1 [Hall, Shane N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jacobson, Sheldon H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sewell, Edward C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Hall, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shane.hall@afit.edu; shj@illinois.edu; esewell@siue.edu OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0457176, DMI-0456945]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0232] FX The authors thank Bruce G. Weniger, M. D., M. P. H., Assistant Chief for Vaccine Development, Vaccine Safety and Development Branch, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for his efforts in providing the authors with the original problem being addressed here, his assistance with obtaining appropriate data in support of the models and analysis, and his long-standing encouragement and feedback on this line of research. His input on this work has been invaluable and appreciated. The authors gratefully acknowledge Udatta Palekar, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for noting an error in the original formulation of GVFSP. Finally, the authors thank the special issue editors, Stefanos Zenios and Edwin Romeijn, the associate editor, and four anonymous referees for their insightful comments and suggestions that resulted in a significantly improved manuscript. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation ( grants DMI-0457176 and DMI-0456945). The second author was also supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-07-1-0232). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, or the United States Government. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1348 EP 1365 DI 10.1287/opre.1080.0612 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 410GK UT WOS:000263565300003 ER PT J AU Edwards, D Humbert, W Kim, C AF Edwards, David Humbert, William Kim, Charles TI Influence of sensing geometry on polarimetric reflectance data SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarization; Mueller matrix; scatterometer; Scattering bistatic measurement; monostatic measurement ID MUELLER-MATRIX; TURBID MEDIA; POLARIZATION AB Our objective is to disseminate the importance of sensing geometry when comparing reflectance data from different polarimeters. Results are presented from an eye-safe laser scatterometer that was used to measure the Mueller matrix of samples under a diversity of sensing geometries, thus providing a common reference for instrument comparison. Data from three other polarimeters are compared to this reference, and apparent discrepancies are explained in terms of each instrument's unique experimental sensing geometry. Results are also provided showing that the degree of sensing geometry dependence varied widely among sample types. c 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3027482] C1 [Edwards, David; Humbert, William] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kim, Charles] Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. RP Edwards, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU AFRL [FA8651-06-C-0348] FX The authors wish to thank Omar Aboutalib and Bea Thai for their encouragement and inputs during this effort. This research was partially funded through AFRL Contract No. FA8651-06-C-0348. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 11 AR 113603 DI 10.1117/1.3027482 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 377RH UT WOS:000261267800006 ER PT J AU Liu, L Van Campenhout, J Roelkens, G Soref, RA Van Thourhout, D Rojo-Romeo, P Regreny, P Seassal, C Fedeli, JM Baets, R AF Liu, Liu Van Campenhout, Joris Roelkens, Gunther Soref, Richard A. Van Thourhout, Dries Rojo-Romeo, Pedro Regreny, Philippe Seassal, Christian Fedeli, Jean-Marc Baets, Roel TI Carrier-injection-based electro-optic modulator on silicon-on-insulator with a heterogeneously integrated III-V microdisk cavity SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT AB A compact electro-optic modulator on silicon-on-insulator is presented. The structure consists of a III-V microdisk cavity heterogeneously integrated on a silicon-on-insulator wire waveguide. By modulating the loss of the active layer included in the cavity through carrier injection, the power of the transmitted light at the resonant wavelength is modulated; similar to 10 dB extinction ratio and 2.73 Gbps dynamic operation are demonstrated without using any special driving techniques. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Liu; Roelkens, Gunther; Van Thourhout, Dries; Baets, Roel] Univ Ghent, IMEC, Photon Res Grp, INTEC Dept, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Soref, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Rojo-Romeo, Pedro; Regreny, Philippe; Seassal, Christian] Univ Lyon, Ecole Cent Lyon, CNRS, INL,UMR5270, F-69134 Ecully, France. [Fedeli, Jean-Marc] CEA LETI, F-308054 Grenoble, France. RP Liu, L (reprint author), Univ Ghent, IMEC, Photon Res Grp, INTEC Dept, St Pietersnieuwstr 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM liu.liu@intec.ugent.be RI Liu, Liu/A-2646-2010; van thourhout, dries/B-9523-2011 OI van thourhout, dries/0000-0003-0111-431X FU Interuniversity Attraction Poles; Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders; European Union (EU); Wafer-Scale Integration; Wavelength Division Multiplexed Photonic Layer on CMOS FX L. Liu acknowledges Interuniversity Attraction Poles for a postdoctoral grant. G. Roelkens acknowledges Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders for a postdoctoral grant. This work is supported partially by the European Union (EU)-funded projects Photonic Interconnect Layer on CMOS by Wafer-Scale Integration and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Photonic Layer on CMOS. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 21 BP 2518 EP 2520 DI 10.1364/OL.33.002518 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 379CQ UT WOS:000261373000035 PM 18978906 ER PT J AU Maturo, SC Weitzel, EK Cowhart, J Brennan, J AF Maturo, Stephen C. Weitzel, Erik K. Cowhart, Jerry Brennan, Joseph TI Isolated posterior table frontal sinus fractures do not form mucoceles in a goat model SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID NASOFRONTAL DUCT; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE; MUCOSA AB OBJECTIVE: The goal Of this Study was to investigate how patency of the nasofrontal outflow tract would affect frontal sinus healing in the setting of displaced, comminuted. posterior table fractures in the adult goat (Capra hircus) STUDY DESIGN: Prospective animal study SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Posterior table fractures were created in 20 adult goats. The nasofrontal Outflow tract was left patent in 10 goats (Group 1) and obstructed in 10 (Group 2). Gross, radiologic. and histologic evaluation were carried out six months postoperatively. RESULTS: One of nine subjects subjects (11%) in Group 1 developed a mucocele while eight of 10 (80%) in Group 2 developed mucoceles (P = 0.004). No subjects (100%.) in Group 1 gross, radiologic, or histologic evidence of mucosal ingrowth into the posterior table. while two of 10 (20%) in Group 2 showed evidence of mucosal ingrowth into, but not through, the posterior table. In both groups 100% of the subjects had gross and histologic evidence of intact posterior tables abutting the dura. CONCLUSION: An occulated nasofrontal outflow tract leads to an increased mucocele formation rate at six months. In an unobstructured nasofrontal outflow tract there is no gross, radiologic, or histologic evidence of mucosal ingrowth into the posterior table at six months. These findings would suggest that not all comminuted. significantly displaced posterior table fractures need to be surgically addressed if the nasofrontal Outflow tract is patent. (C) 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Maturo, Stephen C.; Weitzel, Erik K.; Cowhart, Jerry; Brennan, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Maturo, SC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM stephen.maturo@sbeglobal.net OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 139 IS 5 BP 688 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.08.030 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 369UR UT WOS:000260719900015 PM 18984265 ER PT J AU Matos, RI Holcomb, JB Callahan, C Spinella, PC AF Matos, Renee I. Holcomb, John B. Callahan, Charles Spinella, Philip C. TI Increased Mortality Rates of Young Children With Traumatic Injuries at a US Army Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, 2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatric; trauma; mortality; survival; combat; penetrating ID PEDIATRIC TRAUMA; CARE; ADULT; EXPERIENCE; SEVERITY; FREEDOM; AGE; AFGHANISTAN; CASUALTIES; SURGEONS AB OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine whether age <= 8 y is an independent predictor of mortality in noncoalition trauma patients at a US combat support hospital. METHODS. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 1132 noncoalition trauma patients who were admitted to a combat support hospital between December 2003 and December 2004. Data on age, severity of injury indices, and in-hospital mortality rates were analyzed. All variables that were associated with death on univariate analysis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to determine independent associations with mortality. RESULTS. There were 38 young pediatric patients ( aged <= 8 years) and 1094 older pediatric and adult patients ( aged > 8 years). Penetrating trauma accounted for 83% of all injuries. Young pediatric patients compared with older pediatric and adult patients had increased severity of injury indicated by decreased Glasgow Coma Scale score; increased incidence of hypotension, base deficit, and serum pH on admission; red blood cell transfusion amount; and increased injury severity scores on admission. Young pediatric patients compared with older pediatric and adult patients also had increased ICU lengths of stay ( median 2 [interquartile range 0-5] vs median 0 [ interquartile range 0-2] days) and in-hospital mortality rate (18% vs 4%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that base deficit, injury severity score of >= 15, Glasgow Coma Scale score of <= 8, and age of <= 8 years were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS. Young children who present to a combat support hospital have increased severity of injury compared with older children and adults. In a population with primarily penetrating injuries, after adjustment for severity of injury, young children may also have an independent increased risk for death compared with older children and adults. Providing forward-deployed medical staff with pediatric-specific equipment and training in the acute care of young children with severe traumatic injuries may improve outcomes in this population. Pediatrics 2008; 122: e959-e966 C1 [Matos, Renee I.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Holcomb, John B.; Spinella, Philip C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Callahan, Charles] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Spinella, Philip C.] Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Hartford, CT USA. RP Matos, RI (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM reneedlt@gmail.com NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP E959 EP E966 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1244 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 367HG UT WOS:000260542500049 PM 18977963 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Patnaik, AK Welch, GR AF Hsu, Paul S. Patnaik, Anil K. Welch, George R. TI Nonlinear magneto-optic polarization rotation with intense laser fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETERS; QUANTUM COHERENCE; LIGHT; ENHANCEMENT; REFRACTION; INDEX; VAPOR; GAS AB We have studied the nonlinear Faraday effect with intense linear polarized light in an optically thick atomic rubidium vapor. We demonstrate that the polarization rotation rate (rotation angle per unit magnetic field, in the limit of low field) has a maximum value as the intensity and density are increased. We also show that the optimal sensitivity of an optical magnetometer based on this system reaches a saturation value as the intensity and density are increased. C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Patnaik, Anil K.; Welch, George R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hsu, PS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM p-hsu@tamu.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 053817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.053817 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 376XF UT WOS:000261215600164 ER PT J AU Modesti, M Besco, S Lorenzetti, A Zammarano, M Causin, V Marega, C Gilman, JW Fox, DM Trulove, PC De Long, HC Maupin, PH AF Modesti, M. Besco, S. Lorenzetti, A. Zammarano, M. Causin, V. Marega, C. Gilman, J. W. Fox, D. M. Trulove, P. C. De Long, H. C. Maupin, P. H. TI Imidazolium-modified clay-based ABS nanocomposites: a comparison between melt-blending and solution-sonication processes SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE ABS; imidazolium salts; solution processing; melt-blending; nanocomposites; Nile Blue A; fluorescence probe ID POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; EXFOLIATION; MODEL; MONTMORILLONITE; AMMONIUM; BEHAVIOR AB Acrylonitrile--butadiene--styrene (ABS) nanocomposites containing imidazolium-modified montmorillonite have been prepared by melt-blending (MB) and solution-sonication in order to study the effects of processing on the morphology and properties of the polymer/clay composites. The structure-property relationships of the prepared composites have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mechanical testing, dynamic-mechanical analyses (DMA), thermal gravimetrical analyses (TGA), fluorescence probe confocal microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). X-Ray and TEM show that both nanocomposites have a mixed intercalated/exfoliated structure. Fluorescence probe confocal microscopy reveals that the sonicated sample has a more homogeneous dispersion: this result is confirmed by the values of elongation at break and flexural elastic modulus measured for the composites. Fluorescence spectroscopy has also been used to investigate the distribution of clay in the composites and results indicate that clay layers in ABS are preferentially located in the styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) phase, independent of the dispersion process used. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Modesti, M.; Besco, S.; Lorenzetti, A.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Proc Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Zammarano, M.; Gilman, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Causin, V.; Marega, C.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Fox, D. M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Maupin, P. H.] US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Modesti, M (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Chem Proc Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM michele.modesti@unipd.it OI causin, valerio/0000-0002-2581-8445 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1042-7147 EI 1099-1581 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1576 EP 1583 DI 10.1002/pat.1172 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 375VM UT WOS:000261141900018 ER PT J AU Sweetser, KD Brown, CW AF Sweetser, Kaye D. Brown, Charles W. TI Information subsidies and agenda-building during the Israel-Lebanon crisis SO PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Public affairs; Agenda building; Information subsidy ID PUBLIC-RELATIONS CAMPAIGN; NEWS; US AB This study examined the impact of information subsidies on media coverage during a crisis. Using the July 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict as a backdrop, this research reviewed access that U.S. military public affairs officers provided the media and analyzed subsequent coverage for the presence of the military's message. Coverage was more neutral to positive than negative. Items containing organizational messages were more positive; those quoting practitioner facilitated sources introduced organizational messages into coverage and generated more positive coverage. Access to information Subsidies had a positive impact on coverage and aided in the successful transfer of attribute salience from practitioners to the media. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved C1 [Sweetser, Kaye D.] Univ Georgia, Grady Coll, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brown, Charles W.] USN, USAF, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sweetser, KD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Grady Coll, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sweetser@uga.edu; charles.brown2@navy.mil NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0363-8111 J9 PUBLIC RELAT REV JI Public Relat. Rev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.06.008 PG 8 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 377BG UT WOS:000261226100007 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Higgins, J AF Berg, J. S. Higgins, J. TI VARTM Infusion: Processing Large Carbon/Epoxy Space Structures Out of the Autoclave SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) is a common closed mold manufacturing process applicable to the marine materials generally consist of glass reinforcements with a matrix of either a polyester or and vinyl ester resin system. The use of carbon and epoxy material systems in the VARTM process is relatively, new due to inherent processing difficulties as well as the prohibitive higher raw material costs. This article describes the material selection, process development, and fabrication of a VARTM process carbon-reinforced/epoxy, full scale space payload vehicle test article. The work is funded by the Air Force Research Laboratories, Space Vehicles Directorate as a technology demonstration project for large "out-of-autoclave" processing methods using more rapid manufacturing techniques. C1 [Berg, J. S.] ATK Aerosp Struct, Clearfield, UT USA. [Higgins, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), ATK Aerosp Struct, Clearfield, UT USA. EM Jerome_Berg@atk.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 40 EP 47 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 367ZV UT WOS:000260592000005 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Tappin, SJ AF Howard, Timothy A. Tappin, S. James TI Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Two Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Using the STEREO Spacecraft SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona; Coronal mass ejection; Three-dimensional geometry ID INTERPLANETARY; PROPAGATION; MISSION; EARTH; SUN AB Previous attempts to produce three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have required either modeling efforts or comparisons with secondary associated eruptions near the solar surface. This is because coronagraphs are only able to produce sky-plane-projected images of CMEs and it has hence been impossible to overcome projection effects by using coronagraphs alone. The SECCHI suite aboard the twin STEREO spacecraft allows us to provide the means for 3-D reconstruction of CMEs directly from coronagraph measurements alone for the first time. We present these measurements from two CMEs observed in November 2007. By identifying common features observed simultaneously with the LASCO coronagraphs aboard SOHO and the COR coronagraphs aboard STEREO we have triangulated the source region of both CMEs. We present the geometrical analysis required for this triangulation and identify the location of the CME in solar-meridional, ecliptic, and Carrington coordinates. None of the two events were associated with an easily detectable solar surface eruption, so this triangulation technique is the only means by which the source location of these CMEs could be identified. We present evidence that both CMEs originated from the same magnetic structure on the Sun, but from a different magnetic field configuration. Our results reveal some insight into the evolution of the high corona magnetic field, including its behavior over time scales of a few days and its reconfiguration after a major eruption. C1 [Howard, Timothy A.; Tappin, S. James] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM thoward@nso.edu; jtappin@nso.edu FU AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; USAF FX This work is supported in part by the National Research Council Fellowship Program, funded by AFOSR Contract No. F49620-02C-0015. The National Solar Observatory is operated by AURA, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Partial support for NSO is provided by the USAF under a Memorandum of Agreement. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 252 IS 2 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9262-0 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367BD UT WOS:000260526600010 ER PT J AU Lucarelli, A Afrey, A Yang, R Lupke, G Haugan, TJ Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Lucarelli, A. Afrey, A. Yang, R. Lupke, G. Haugan, T. J. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI Dynamic investigation of the transport current in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) thin films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR STRIP; AC; DRIVEN AB The current density evolution in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) thin films is studied by time- resolved magneto-optical imaging as a function of the phase of an ac current applied simultaneously with a perpendicular dc magnetic field. We present a new empirical method to separate the total current distribution into a circulating current, which screens the applied field, and the applied transport current. The latter shows an asymmetric profile with pronounced peaks at the edges of the sample and its phase-dependent self-field is contained in the flux region bound by the circulating current. Threading dislocations provide the necessary pinning sites for the observed high local values of the transport current. C1 [Lucarelli, A.; Afrey, A.; Yang, R.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Levin, G. A.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucarelli, A (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Lucarelli, Andrea/A-5411-2010 FU DOE [DEFG02-04ER46127] FX The work at CWM is supported by the DOE grant DEFG02-04ER46127. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 AR 115003 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/11/115003 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355HI UT WOS:000259699600004 ER PT J AU Hamilton, MA Alvarez, LA Mauntler, NA Argibay, N Colbert, R Burris, DL Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Perry, SS Sawyer, WG AF Hamilton, Matthew A. Alvarez, Luis A. Mauntler, Nathan A. Argibay, Nicolas Colbert, Rachel Burris, David L. Muratore, Chris Voevodin, Andrey A. Perry, Scott S. Sawyer, W. Gregory TI A Possible Link Between Macroscopic Wear and Temperature Dependent Friction Behaviors of MoS(2) Coatings SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Solid lubrication; Molybdenum disulfide; Wear; Cryotribology ID THERMALLY ACTIVATED FRICTION; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; PTFE COMPOSITES; FILMS; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; MECHANISM; NANOCOMPOSITE; TRIBOLOGY; VACUUM AB Studies to explore the nature of friction, and in particular thermally activated friction in macroscopic tribology, have lead to a series of experiments on thin coatings of molybdenum disulfide. Coatings of predominately molybdenum disulfide were selected for these experiments; five different coatings were used: MoS(2)/Ni, MoS(2)/Ti, MoS(2)/Sb(2)O(3), MoS(2)/C/Sb(2)O(3), and MoS(2)/Au/Sb(2)O(3). The temperatures were varied over a range from -80 C to 180 C. The friction coefficients tended to increase with decreasing temperature. Activation energies were estimated to be between 2 and 10 kJ/mol from data fitting with an Arrhenius function. Subsequent room temperature wear rate measurements of these films under dry nitrogen conditions at ambient temperature demonstrated that the steady-state wear behavior of these coatings varied dramatically over a range of K = 7 x 10 to 2 x 10mmp/(Nm). It was further shown that an inverse relationship between wear rate and the sensitivity of friction coefficient with temperature exists. The highest wear-rate coatings showed nearly athermal friction behavior, while the most wear resistant coatings showed thermally activated behavior. Finally, it is hypothesized that thermally activated behavior in macroscopic tribology is reserved for systems with stable interfaces and ultra-low wear, and athermal behavior is characteristic to systems experiencing gross wear. C1 [Hamilton, Matthew A.; Alvarez, Luis A.; Mauntler, Nathan A.; Argibay, Nicolas; Colbert, Rachel; Burris, David L.; Sawyer, W. Gregory] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Perry, Scott S.; Sawyer, W. Gregory] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Muratore, Chris; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Mat Directorate, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sawyer, WG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wgsawyer@ufl.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008 OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227 FU AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-04-1-0367] FX This material is supported by an AFOSR-MURI grant FA9550-04-1-0367. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors would also like to thank Profs. Tony Schmitz and John Ziegert for their help in designing the reciprocating tribometer used in this study. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s11249-008-9366-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 369MY UT WOS:000260699800004 ER PT J AU Krupka, O El-Ghayoury, A Rau, I Sahraoui, B Grote, JG Kajzar, F AF Krupka, Oksana El-ghayoury, Abdekrim Rau, Ileana Sahraoui, Bouchta Grote, James G. Kajzar, Francois TI NLO properties of functionalized DNA thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Organised Films (ECOF-10) CY AUG 21-24, 2006 CL Riga, LATVIA DE Deoyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA-surfactant complex; Intercalation; NLO properties; Third harmonic generation; Functionalized DNA ID 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; OPTICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOPOLYMER AB In this paper we investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of spin deposited thin films of DNA-based complexes using the optical third harmonic generation (THG) technique at a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. We found that the third-order susceptibility, X-(3)(-3 omega;omega,omega,omega), of DNA-based films was about one order of magnitude larger than that of our reference, a pure silica slab. in thin films doped with 5% of the chromophore disperse red 1 (DR1), a two order of magnitude larger value of X-(3)(- 3 omega;omega,omega,omega) was observed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krupka, Oksana; Rau, Ileana; Sahraoui, Bouchta; Kajzar, Francois] Univ Angers, CNRS, Lab POMA, UMR 6136, F-49045 Angers, France. [El-ghayoury, Abdekrim] Univ Angers, CNRS, UFR Sci, Lab CIMMA,UMR 6200, F-49045 Angers, France. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krupka, O (reprint author), Univ Angers, CNRS, Lab POMA, UMR 6136, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France. EM okrupka@mail.ru RI RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008 OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502 NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 24 BP 8932 EP 8936 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.089 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 373BE UT WOS:000260945200021 ER PT J AU Carlson, C Hussain, SM Schrand, AM Braydich-Stolle, LK Hess, KL Jones, RL Schlager, JJ AF Carlson, C. Hussain, S. M. Schrand, A. M. Braydich-Stolle, L. K. Hess, K. L. Jones, R. L. Schlager, J. J. TI Unique Cellular Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles: Size-Dependent Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOMATERIALS; CYTOTOXICITY; CELLS; TOXICITY; ASSAY; RATS AB The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has created a vast array of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) which have unique physical (size, shape, crystallinity, surface charge) and chemical (surface coating, elemental composition and solubility) attributes. These physicochemical properties of ENMs can produce chemical conditions to induce a pro-oxidant environment in the cells, causing an imbalanced cellular energy system dependent on redox potential and thereby leading to adverse biological consequences, ranging from the initiation of inflammatory pathways through to cell death. The present study was designed to evaluate size-dependent cellular interactions of known biologically active silver nanoparticles (NPs, Ag-15nm, Ag-30nm, and A-55nm). Alveolar macrophages provide the first defense and were studied for their potential role in initiating oxidative stress. Cell exposure produced morphologically abnormal sizes and adherence characteristics with significant NP uptake at high doses after 24 h. Toxicity evaluations using mitochondrial and cell membrane viability along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed. After 24 h of exposure, viability metrics significantly decreased with increasing dose (10-75 mu g/mL-) of Ag-15nm and Ag-30nm NPs. A more than 10-fold increase of ROS levels in cells exposed to 50 mu g/mL A-15nm suggests that the cytotoxicity of Ag-15nm is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress. In addition, activation of the release of traditional inflammatory mediators were examined by measuring levels of cytokines/chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), released into the culture media. After 24 h of exposure to Ag-15nm nanoparticles, a significant inflammatory response was observed by the release of TNF-alpha, MIP-2, and IL- 1 beta. However, there was no detectable level of IL-6 upon exposure to silver nanoparticles. In Summary, a size-dependent toxicity was produced by silver nanoparticles, and one predominant mechanism of toxicity was found to be largely mediated through oxidative stress. C1 [Carlson, C.; Hussain, S. M.; Schrand, A. M.; Braydich-Stolle, L. K.; Jones, R. L.; Schlager, J. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hess, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Syst Wing,AFRL RHPB,Area B,R ST,BLDG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2312A211]; Biosciences and Protection Division; Air Force Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI); National Research Council under the AFOSR program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Project JON 2312A211. A.M.S. was funded by the Biosciences and Protection Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI). L.B.-S., a postdoctoral fellow, was supported by National Research Council under the AFOSR program. We are also thankful to Our Division Chief Col Riddle for his strong support and encouragement and contributions from the Biological Interactions of Nanomaterials (BIN) group members. NR 36 TC 693 Z9 722 U1 43 U2 312 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 30 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 43 BP 13608 EP 13619 DI 10.1021/jp712087m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 364TH UT WOS:000260357700019 PM 18831567 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, RA Koerner, H Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Vaia, R. A. Koerner, H. Farmer, B. L. TI Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Grafted to Layered Silicates: Simulation and Experimental Challenges SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALKYL CHAINS; INTERLAYER STRUCTURE; CATIONIC AZOBENZENE; CONTAINING POLYMERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; MONTMORILLONITE; INTERCALATION; MICA; PHOTOREGULATION AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been employed to examine the molecular-level orientation and reorganization of model azobenzene derivatives in the interlayer space of layered silicates upon laser excitation in comparison with existing X-ray diffraction data and UV/vis absorption measurements. MID results show uniform reversible changes in basal plane spacing of montmorillonite up to 2.8 angstrom 14%) upon trans-cis isomerization of attached photoactive surfactants such as (4,4'-phenylazophenyl)diammonium ions and (4-phenylazophenyl)ammonium ions. Uniform, significant reponses are supported by the presence of cointercalate to compensate changes in interlayer density, by conformational rigidity 9 and upright orientation of the azobenzene-containing surfactants on the mineral surface, and a medium-to) to-high packing density. Experimentally, Okada et al. have shown nonuniform reversible optical switching of the gallery height for semiflexible surfactants up to 10 angstrom (41%) in the presence of phenol and uniform reversible optical switching of 0.9 angstrom (4%) without cointercalates [Okada et al. J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 987-992]. Further experimental data also show the absence of changes in gallery spacing for azobenzene derivatives with attached flexible hydrocarbon chains at low packing density without cointercalates and are explained by simulation. From a methods viewpoint, an approach is introduced to simulate the photoisomerization reaction using classical molecular dynamics, taking quantitatively into account the input of photon energy, the time scale of the isomerization (similar to 1 ps), and the relative energies of the trans and of the cis isomer, as well as the thermal conversion barrier. A temporary modification of the C-N=N-C torsion potential describes the input of photon (excitation) energy, which can be applied to common force fields (including PCFF, OPLS-AA, COMPASS, CVFF. AMBER, CHARMM) and facilitates the simulation of the photoisomerization reaction as a function of molecular environment, pressure, temperature, and excitation time. C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Vaia, R. A.; Koerner, H.; Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Koerner, H.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 46 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 20 BP 6444 EP 6456 DI 10.1021/cm801287d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 363FY UT WOS:000260254400028 ER PT J AU De Jong, MJ Moser, DK Chung, ML Wu, JR AF De Jong, Marla J. Moser, Debra K. Chung, Misook L. Wu, Jia-Rong TI Nonadherence to Prescribed Medications Mediates the Link between Anxiety and Event-Free Survival in Patients with Heart Failure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [De Jong, Marla J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Moser, Debra K.; Chung, Misook L.; Wu, Jia-Rong] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 18 BP S769 EP S770 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389ON UT WOS:000262104502553 ER PT J AU Wu, JR Lennie, TA De Jong, MJ Rayons, MK Chung, ML Riegel, B Moser, DK AF Wu, Jia-Rong Lennie, Terry A. De Jong, Maria J. Rayons, Mary Kay Chung, Misook L. Riegel, Barbara Moser, Debra K. TI Defining An Evidence-Based Cutpoint for Medication Adherence In Heart Failure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Wu, Jia-Rong; Lennie, Terry A.; Rayons, Mary Kay; Chung, Misook L.; Moser, Debra K.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [De Jong, Maria J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Riegel, Barbara] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 18 BP S1039 EP S1039 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389ON UT WOS:000262104504133 ER PT J AU Wu, JR Lennie, TA De Jong, MJ Chung, ML Rayens, MK Riegel, B Moser, DK AF Wu, Jia-Rong Lennie, Terry A. De Jong, Maria J. Chung, Misook L. Rayens, Mary Kay Riegel, Barbara Moser, Debra K. TI Heart Failure Patients in Rural Areas have Better Event-Free Survival than Those Living in Urban Areas SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Wu, Jia-Rong; Lennie, Terry A.; Rayens, Mary Kay; Moser, Debra K.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [De Jong, Maria J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Riegel, Barbara] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 18 BP S825 EP S825 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389ON UT WOS:000262104503019 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Lee, HJ Choi, YS Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In-Yup Lee, Hwa-Jeong Choi, Yeong Suk Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Semimetallic Transport In Nanocomposites Derived from Grafting of Linear and Hyperbranched Poly(phenylene sulfide)s onto the Surface of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; ACID; NANOFIBERS; CONDUCTIVITY; MACROMOLECULES; DENDRIMERS; FRAGMENTS AB The semimetallic conductive nanocomposites, linear or hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), were successfully prepared by two-step reaction sequences. MWNT were first functionalized with 4-chlorobenzoic acid in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA)/phosphorus phentoxide (P2O5) medium in a "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to afford 4-chlorobenzoyl-functionalized MWNT (CB-MWNT). A subsequent nucleophilic substitution reaction between CB-MWNT) and 4-chlorobenzenthiol as an AB monomer or 3,5-dichlorobenzenthiol as an AB(2) monomer was conducted to graft the linear PPS (LPPS) or hyperbranched PPS (HPPS) in NMF/toluene in the presence of sodium carbonate to afford LPPS grafted MWNT (LPPS-g-MWNT) or HPPS grated MWNT (HPPS-g-MWNT), respectively. The covalent attachment of corresponding polymers onto the surface of MWNT was indirectly confirmed by a model study. The structures of polymer-grafted nanocomposites were clearly discernible from those of the samples prepared by solution-blending of LPPS and CB-MWNT. The dispersability and melt-processability of nanocomposites were enhanced by the grafting of PPS polymers. Thus, the nanocomposite specimens could be easily compression molded. Without chemical doping, the measured surface conductivities of as-prepared LPPS-g-MWNT and HPPS-g-MWNT molded samples were in the semimetallic transport region at 11.76 and 3.56 S/cm, respectively. C1 [Jeon, In-Yup; Lee, Hwa-Jeong; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Choi, Yeong Suk] Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Energy & Environm Lab, Suwon 449600, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL RXBN, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 51 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7423 EP 7432 DI 10.1021/ma801259b PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 363GM UT WOS:000260255800027 ER PT J AU McGuirk, JS Collins, PJ AF McGuirk, Jeffrey S. Collins, Peter J. TI Controlling the transmitted field into a cylindrical cloak's hidden region SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CLOAKS; SCATTERING AB Constitutive parameters for simplified cylindrical cloaks have been developed such that epsilon(z)mu(theta) and epsilon(z)mu(r) match those of the ideal cylindrical cloak. Although they are not perfect, simplified cylindrical cloaks have been shown to inherit many of the power-bending properties of the ideal cloak. However, energy is transmitted into simplified cloaks' hidden regions. Here, we develop a constraint equation that can be used to determine how closely field behavior within the simplified cylindrical cloak matches that of the ideal cloak. The deviation from this controlling equation can be reduced by controlling the cloak's parameter value, mu(theta). As the deviation from our constraint equation is decreased, the field transmitted into the cloak's hidden region is reduced, resulting in less energy impinging on the cloaked object. This results in a smaller scattered field due to the presence of the cloaked object. However, the resulting impedance mismatch at r = b results in a significant scattered field by the cloak itself. Thus, we have found when using cylindrical cloaks that satisfy the ideal values of epsilon(z)mu(theta) and epsilon(z)mu(r) for scattering width reduction, it is more important to have a matched impedance at r = b than to have a smaller field transmitted into the cloak's hidden region. However, such cloaks' scattering widths can vary significantly as a function of the object in the hidden region. A cloak with a matched impedance at r = b and that satisfies specific values for epsilon(z)mu(theta) and mu'(theta) performs reasonably well in terms of scattering width reduction in certain angular regions while being independent of the object in the hidden region. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [McGuirk, Jeffrey S.; Collins, Peter J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McGuirk, JS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.mcguirk@afit.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 27 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 22 BP 17560 EP 17573 DI 10.1364/OE.16.017560 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 371XL UT WOS:000260865900042 PM 18958036 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Lu, YL Shaffer, MK Miller, W Wright, D Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Lu, Yalin Shaffer, M. K. Miller, W. Wright, D. Knize, R. J. TI Frequency-doubling of a high power cesium vapor laser using a PPKTP crystal SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRIC DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; LINBO3 OPTICAL SUPERLATTICE; LIGHT GENERATION; BLUE-LIGHT AB 447.3 nm blue light generation was demonstrated through direct frequency doubling a continuous-wave Cesium vapor laser's 894.6 nm output using a PPKTP nonlinear crystal. The diode-pumped Cs vapor laser has an output power as large as 10 W with a very narrow emission linewidth less than 10 GHz. The PPKTP crystal is about 30 mm long and has a moderate acceptance wavelength bandwidth. The second harmonic wave generation efficiency achieved is about 4.4%/W. Power depletion in second harmonic pulses, which relates to the absorption related thermal effects, was observed when using high pump power, long pulse duration, or high repetition rate. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Lu, Yalin; Shaffer, M. K.; Miller, W.; Wright, D.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu FU US DOD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was supported by the US DOD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (JTO), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL), and National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 27 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 22 BP 17585 EP 17590 DI 10.1364/OE.16.017585 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 371XL UT WOS:000260865900044 PM 18958038 ER PT J AU Miller, R Kendall, B AF Miller, Rosalyn Kendall, Brian TI Changes in Cytology Lahoratory Statistics Following Conversion to ThinPrep Pap Tests with Imaging SO CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miller, Rosalyn; Kendall, Brian] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER CYTOPATHOL JI Cancer Cytopathol. PD OCT 25 PY 2008 VL 114 IS 5 SU S BP 378 EP 380 PG 3 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA 361PY UT WOS:000260140800058 ER PT J AU Salem, AA Glavicic, MG Semiatin, SL AF Salem, A. A. Glavicic, M. G. Semiatin, S. L. TI A coupled EBSD/EDS method to determine the primary- and secondary-alpha textures in titanium alloys with duplex microstructures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium; Texture; EBSD; Microstructure; EDS ID HEAT-TREATMENT; HOT-WORKING; TI-6AL-4V; MICROTEXTURES; DEFORMATION; ANALYZE; GRAINS AB A method for separating the textures of primary alpha (alpha(p)) and secondary alpha (alpha(s)) in alpha/betatitanium alloys with a duplex microstructure was developed. Utilizing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the approach relies on the non-uniform partitioning of alloying elements between primary alpha and regions containing secondary-alpha lamellae and residual beta matrix phase. The method was evaluated using samples of Ti-6Al-4V for which vanadium Partitions strongly to secondary alpha + beta regions. The technique thus provides a useful tool for quantifying the evolution of deformation texture in the primary alpha and transformation texture in secondary alpha formed via decomposition of the beta matrix following hot working or final heat treatment. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salem, A. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavicic, M. G.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Salem, AA (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ayman.salem@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Laboratory management; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801, FA8650-04-D-5235] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Processing Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. B.P. Conner, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of R. Wheeler in conducting the experimental work is much appreciated. Two of the authors were supported through Air Force Contracts F33615-03-D-5801 (AAS) and FA8650-04-D-5235 (MGG). NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2008 VL 494 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.06.022 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 359JU UT WOS:000259983700049 ER PT J AU Basnyat, R Luster, B Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Haasch, R Zakeri, R Kohli, P Aouadi, SM AF Basnyat, R. Luster, B. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Haasch, R. Zakeri, R. Kohli, P. Aouadi, S. M. TI Surface texturing for adaptive solid lubrication SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Texturing; Friction; Solid lubricants ID TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; SLIDING CONTACT; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE; FRICTION; STEEL; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; GROWTH AB The production of surface micro-patterns in steel substrates for solid lubricant (SL) reservoirs was previously shown to provide improved wear and frictional properties in sliding contact. We report on the fabrication of micrometer-sized dimple patterns of different sizes on TiAlCN hard coatings produced by cathodic arc vacuum evaporation. These dimples were produced by reactive ion etching in a mixed Ar/CF4 plasma. An overlayer Of MoS2 or Mo/MoS2/Ag SLs was deposited on the micro-textured surfaces using unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The tribological properties of the coatings were investigated against Si3N4 in dry sliding at 25 degrees C and in air at 570 degrees C. The coatings and respective wear tracks were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), optical profilometry (OP), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The frictional and wear properties of textured and flat surfaces were compared. A significant decrease in friction and wear coefficients was achieved at 25 degrees C and 570 degrees C for the textured films because the dimples acted as reservoirs that provided a new supply of SLs to the contact surfaces. The chemistry and phase analysis of the coating wear tracks showed temperature adaptive behavior with the lubrication being provided primarily by MoS2 at 25 degrees C and by silver and silver molybdate compounds at high temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Basnyat, R.; Luster, B.; Aouadi, S. M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haasch, R.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zakeri, R.; Kohli, P.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653986]; National Institute of Health [GM 8071101A1]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (award # CMMI-0653986), the National Institute of Health (GM 8071101A1), and by an award from the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. The authors would like to thank Professor I. Petrov for AES measurements carried out at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the US Department of Energy Grants No. DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. The authors also wish to thank Clay Watts of Southern Illinois University for his technical assistance. NR 32 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD OCT 25 PY 2008 VL 203 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.07.033 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 372EJ UT WOS:000260884500011 ER PT J AU Li, G Yang, Y AF Li, Gang Yang, Yang TI Radiation induced damage and recovery in poly(3-hexyl thiophene) based polymer solar cells SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES); DEVICES AB Polymer solar cells have been characterized during and after x-ray irradiation. The open circuit voltage, dark current and power conversion efficiency show degradation consistent with the generation of defect states in the polymer semiconductor. The polymer solar cell device remained functional with exposure to a considerable dose (500 krad (SiO(2))) and showed clear signs of recovery upon removal of the irradiation source (degraded from 4.1% to 2.2% and recovered to 2.9%). Mobility-relaxation time variation, derived from J-V measurement, clearly demonstrates that radiation induced defect generation mechanisms in the organic semiconductor are active and need to be further studied. Optical transmission results ruled out the possibility of reduced light absorption and/or polymer crystallinity. The results suggest that organic solar cells are sufficiently radiation tolerant to be useful for space applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USAF, RAB Devine & Clay Mayberry, Res Lab, Space Elect Branch AFRL RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Li, G (reprint author), Solarmer Energy Inc, El Monte, CA 91731 USA. EM gangl@ucla.edu; yangy@ucla.edu RI Yang, Yang/A-2944-2011; Li, Gang/A-5667-2012 OI Li, Gang/0000-0001-8399-7771 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0264] FX The authors appreciate the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant #FA9550-07-1-0264), Program Manager Dr Charles Lee. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 22 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 42 AR 424014 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/42/424014 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 352GE UT WOS:000259483000015 PM 21832674 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Farrugia, CJ Ober, DM Burke, WJ Dunlop, M Mozer, FS Reme, H Decreau, P Siebert, KD AF Maynard, N. C. Farrugia, C. J. Ober, D. M. Burke, W. J. Dunlop, M. Mozer, F. S. Reme, H. Decreau, P. Siebert, K. D. TI Cluster observations of fast shocks in the magnetosheath launched as a tangential discontinuity with a pressure increase crossed the bow shock SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MAGNETOPAUSE; PLASMA; SPACECRAFT; FLOW; MAGNETOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; SYSTEM; WAVES AB The interaction of a tangential discontinuity (TD) and accompanying dynamic pressure increase with the Earth's bow shock launches a fast shock that travels ahead of the TD in the magnetosheath and carries a significant portion of the pressure change. In this event study, we use observations from the Cluster spacecraft and magnetohydrodynamic simulations to identify the fast shock and its properties and to track the TD in the magnetosheath. Velocities of the fast shock and the TD were determined by triangulation using the four distant Cluster spacecraft. The fast shock is a planar structure, traveling nearly perpendicular to B at the magnetosonic speed in the plasma rest frame. Changes in density and vertical bar B vertical bar are correlated, with about a 20% increase in each. A current was observed tangential to the plane of the fast shock, and the positive E.J there provided an electromagnetic energy source for the observed heating of the ions. The fast shock is generated by the pressure change and determines the timing of the initial response of the magnetopause to that change. The TD was moving nearly in the -X-GSE direction and was being compressed as it moved inward. The passage of the TD ushered in large- scale compressive structure in the magnetosheath magnetic field, which satisfied the mirror mode instability criterion. Velocities of a fast rarefaction wave, reflected from the magnetopause, and an additional slow- mode structure, which was not a product of the initial interaction with the bow shock, were determined by triangulation. C1 [Maynard, N. C.; Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03842 USA. [Ober, D. M.; Burke, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01713 USA. [Dunlop, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Mozer, F. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reme, H.] CNRS, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Siebert, K. D.] Sparta Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. [Decreau, P.] Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans, France. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03842 USA. RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A10 AR A10212 DI 10.1029/2008JA013121 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 365FD UT WOS:000260390400001 ER PT J AU Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE Wood, PR Zijlstra, AA Bernard-Salas, J Devost, D Houck, JR AF Sloan, G. C. Kraemer, K. E. Wood, P. R. Zijlstra, A. A. Bernard-Salas, J. Devost, D. Houck, J. R. TI THE MAGELLANIC ZOO: MID-INFRARED SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF EVOLVED STARS AND CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; MASS-LOSS RATES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; INFRARED SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; ISO-SWS SPECTRA AB We observed a sample of evolved stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Comparing samples from the SMC, LMC, and the Galaxy reveals that the dust production rate depends on metallicity for oxygen-rich stars, but carbon stars with similar pulsation properties produce similar quantities of dust, regardless of their initial metallicity. Other properties of the oxygen-rich stars also depend on metallicity. As the metallicity decreases, the fraction of naked (i.e., dust-free) stars increases, and among the naked stars, the strength of the 8 mu m absorption band from SiO decreases. Our sample includes several massive stars in the LMC with long pulsation periods that produce significant amounts of dust, probably because they are young and relatively metal-rich. Little alumina dust is seen in circumstellar shells in the SMC and LMC, unlike in Galactic samples. Three oxygen-rich sources also show emission from magnesium-rich crystalline silicates. Many also show an emission feature at 14 mu m. The one S star in our sample shows a newly detected emission feature centered at 13.5 mu m. At lower metallicity, carbon stars with similar amounts of amorphous carbon in their shells have stronger absorption from molecular acetylene (C2H2) and weaker emission from SiC and MgS dust, as discovered in previous studies. C1 [Sloan, G. C.; Bernard-Salas, J.; Devost, D.; Houck, J. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kraemer, K. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Wood, P. R.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Zijlstra, A. A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Devost, D.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Sloan, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; wood@mso.anu.edu.au; albert.zijlstra@manchester.ac.uk; jbs@isc.astro.cornell.edu; devost@cfht.hawaii.edu; jrh13@cornell.edu OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 114 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 1056 EP 1081 DI 10.1086/591437 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500023 ER PT J AU Jordanova, VK Albert, J Miyoshi, Y AF Jordanova, V. K. Albert, J. Miyoshi, Y. TI Relativistic electron precipitation by EMIC waves from self-consistent global simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; RADIATION BELT PARTICLES; RING CURRENT IONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORM; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; THERMAL PLASMA; MODEL AB We study the effect of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave scattering on radiation belt electrons during the large geomagnetic storm of 21 October 2001 with minimum Dst = -187 nT. We use our global physics-based model, which solves the kinetic equation for relativistic electrons and H+, O+, and He+ ions as a function of radial distance in the equatorial plane, magnetic local time, energy, and pitch angle. The model includes time-dependent convective transport and radial diffusion and all major loss processes and is coupled with a dynamic plasmasphere model. We calculate the excitation of EMIC waves self-consistently with the evolving plasma populations. Particle interactions with these waves are evaluated according to quasi-linear theory, using diffusion coefficients for a multicomponent plasma and including not only field-aligned but also oblique EMIC wave propagation. The pitch angle diffusion coefficients increase from 0 degrees to similar to 60 degrees during specific storm conditions. Pitch angle scattering by EMIC waves causes significant loss of radiation belt electrons at E >= 1 MeV and precipitation into the atmosphere. However, the relativistic electron flux dropout during the main phase at large L >= 5 is due mostly to outward radial diffusion, driven by the flux decrease at geosynchronous orbit. We show first results from global simulations indicating significant relativistic electron precipitation within regions of enhanced EMIC instability, whose location varies with time but is predominantly in the afternoon-dusk sector. The precipitating electron fluxes are usually collocated with precipitating ion fluxes but occur at variable energy range and magnitude. The minimum resonant energy increases at low L and relativistic electrons at E <= 1 MeV do not precipitate at L < 3 during this storm. C1 [Jordanova, V. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Albert, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Miyoshi, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solarterr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Jordanova, VK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1 MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vania@lanl.gov RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [17740326] FX Work at Los Alamos was conducted under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, with partial support from the NASA LWS and GI programs, from the NSF/GEM program, and from a LANL Directed Research and Development grant. Y.M. was supported by grant-in-aid for scientific research (17740326) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. NR 56 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 18 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00A10 DI 10.1029/2008JA013239 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 362EF UT WOS:000260180300001 ER PT J AU Park, K Vaia, RA AF Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard A. TI Synthesis of Complex Au/Ag Nanorods by Controlled Overgrowth SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SEED-MEDIATED GROWTH; GOLD NANORODS; SILVER NANORODS; ASPECT-RATIO; NANOPARTICLES; SHAPE; SIZE; NANOCRYSTALS; HETERODIMERS; ABSORPTION AB Hybrid Au/Ag nanorods (NRs) are synthesized by initiating secondary growth on premade Au NRs stabilized with tightly binding binary surfactants. By utilizing long, thin All NRs and carefully manipulating the reduction conditions, Au/Ag hybrid nanostructures are achieved either in the form of Ag-capped tips or as a uniform overgrowth of Ag. C1 [Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI park, kyoungweon/G-2898-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for financial support and to Professor Liming Dai (University of Dayton) for help with experiments. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the authors. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 50 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 17 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 20 BP 3882 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200800613 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 369QM UT WOS:000260709000015 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony J. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics of Ion-Molecule Reactions with 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide at 298 K: A Search for CIMS Schemes for Mustard Gas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLOW TUBE; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; IONIZATION ENERGIES; RATE CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERE; H3O+; NO+; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOELECTRON AB The rate constants and product ion branching ratios have been measured in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) at 298 K for a variety of positive and negative ions reacting with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), a surrogate for mustard gas (HD). This series of experiments is designed to elucidate ion-molecule reactions that have large rate constants and produce unique product ions to guide the development of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) detection methods for the chemical weapon agent using the surrogate instead. The negative ions typically used in CIMS instruments are essentially unreactive with 2-CEES, that is, SF6-, SF4-, CF3O-, and CO3-. A few negative ions such as NO2- and NO3- undergo three-body association to give a unique product ion, but the bimolecular rate constants are small in the SIFT. Positive ions typically react at the collisional limit, primarily by charge and proton transfer, some of which is dissociative. For ions with high proton binding energies, association with 2-CEES has also been observed. Many of these reactions produced ions with the 2-CEES intact, including the parent cation, the protonated cation, and clusters. G3(MP2) calculations of the thermochemical properties for 2-CEES and mustard have been performed, along with calculations of the structures for the observed product cations. Reacting a series of protonated neutral molecules with 2-CEES brackets the proton affinity (PA) to between 812 ((CH3)(2)CO) and 854 (NH3) kJ mol(-1). G3(MP2) calculations give a PA for 2-CEES of 823 kJ mol(-1) and a PA for mustard of 796 kJ mol(-1), indicating that the present results for 2-CEES should be directly transferable to mustard to design a CIMS detection scheme. C1 [Midey, Anthony J.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil FU Army Research Office (ARO); Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0006.] FX We would like to thank John Williamson and Paul Mundis for their technical support. This project is supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) under the JSTO program in Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD). A.J.M. and T.M.M. are supported under Boston College Contract No. FA8718-04-C-0006. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 41 BP 10250 EP 10256 DI 10.1021/jp804125j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 358UN UT WOS:000259943100023 PM 18808101 ER PT J AU Young, BA Gill, HE Wainner, RS Flynn, TW AF Young, Brian A. Gill, Howard E. Wainner, Robert S. Flynn, Timothy W. TI Thoracic costotransverse joint pain patterns: a study in normal volunteers SO BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC SPINAL PAIN; VISUAL ANALOG; PREVALENCE; INJECTIONS; DISORDERS; SCALES AB Background: Pain referral patterns of asymptomatic costotransverse joints have not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the pain referral patterns of asymptomatic costotransverse joints via provocative intra-articular injection. Methods: Eight asymptomatic male volunteers received a combined total of 21 intra-articular costotransverse joint injections. Fluoroscopic imaging was used to identify and isolate each costotransverse joint and guide placement of a 25 gauge, 2.5 inch spinal needle into the costotransverse joint. Following contrast medium injection, the quality, intensity, and distribution of the resultant pain produced were recorded. Results: Of the 21 costotransverse joint injections, 16 (76%) were classified as being intra-articular via arthrograms taken at the time of injection, and 14 of these injections produced a pain sensation distinctly different from that of needle placement. Average pain produced was 3.3/10 on a 0-10 verbal pain scale. Pain was described generally as a deep, dull ache, and pressure sensation. Pain patterns were located superficial to the injected joint, with only the right T2 injections showing referred pain 2 segments cranially and caudally. No chest wall, upper extremity or pseudovisceral pains were reported. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary data of the pain referral patterns of costotransverse joints. Further research is needed to compare these findings with those elicited from symptomatic subjects. C1 [Young, Brian A.] Dept Phys Therapy, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. [Gill, Howard E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Wainner, Robert S.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, San Marcos, TX USA. [Flynn, Timothy W.] Regis Univ, Sch Phys Therapy, Denver, CO USA. RP Young, BA (reprint author), Dept Phys Therapy, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. EM byoungpt@earthlink.net; howard.gill@lackland.af.mil; rob@texpts.com; tflynn@regis.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2474 J9 BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS JI BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 140 DI 10.1186/1471-2474-9-140 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 379HM UT WOS:000261387300002 PM 18922181 ER PT J AU Trionfi, A Scrymgeour, DA Hsu, JWP Arlen, MJ Tomlin, D Jacobs, JD Wang, DH Tan, LS Vaia, RA AF Trionfi, A. Scrymgeour, D. A. Hsu, J. W. P. Arlen, M. J. Tomlin, D. Jacobs, J. D. Wang, D. H. Tan, L. -S. Vaia, R. A. TI Direct imaging of current paths in multiwalled carbon nanofiber polymer nanocomposites using conducting-tip atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; NANOTUBES; PERCOLATION; COMPOSITES AB Using conducting-tip atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), we study the spatial distribution of current paths and local electrical properties in carbon nanofiber/polymer nanocomposites. Previous studies of similar systems were hindered by a polymer-rich skin layer that exists at the nanocomposite surfaces. We present an experimental technique using oxygen plasma etching to controllably remove this polymer skin layer. After this treatment, we can directly probe the microscopic transport characteristics of the nanocomposite using C-AFM. The C-AFM results show that the electrical transport is solely carried by the carbon nanofiber (CNF) networks in the nanocomposites. In addition, high-resolution C-AFM maps show nonuniform distribution of current along the length of some CNFs, suggesting the presence of a heterogeneously distributed adsorbed polymer layer around nanofibers. Finally, two probe conductivity measurements in which one electrode (the C-AFM tip) is contacting a single constituent conducting particle were performed to study local conductivity. Results indicate that Ohmic pathways exist in the conducting network of the nanocomposite to the lowest measured nanofiber concentrations. However, non-Ohmic behavior indicating tunneling transport may also be present, especially near the percolation threshold. c 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3000458] C1 [Trionfi, A.; Scrymgeour, D. A.; Hsu, J. W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Arlen, M. J.; Tomlin, D.; Jacobs, J. D.; Wang, D. H.; Tan, L. -S.; Vaia, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trionfi, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM atrionf@sandia.gov RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX This work was performed in part at the U. S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Co., for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 8 AR 083708 DI 10.1063/1.3000458 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 367SG UT WOS:000260572100052 ER PT J AU Ungar, T Glavicic, MG Balogh, L Nyilas, K Salem, AA Ribarik, G Semiatin, SL AF Ungar, T. Glavicic, M. G. Balogh, L. Nyilas, K. Salem, A. A. Ribarik, G. Semiatin, S. L. TI The use of X-ray diffraction to determine slip and twinning activity in commercial-purity (CP) titanium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Materials held TMS 2007 Annual Meeting CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TSM DE titanium; slip activity; twinning; X-ray line profile analysis; dislocation density ID LINE-PROFILE ANALYSIS; ALPHA-TITANIUM; DEFORMATION; DISLOCATIONS; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS; ZIRCONIUM; EVOLUTION; CONTRAST; METALS AB High-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) line-profile analysis was used to characterize slip activity and twinning in commercial-purity titanium (CP-Ti) during hot rolling. The effect of {10.1} and {10.2} twins on XRD patterns was deduced using the DIFFAX software. The density of twin boundaries was then incorporated into the XRD pattern-fitting procedure for evaluating dislocation densities, slip activity, and subgrain size. It was found that < a > and < c +a > type slip occurred during hot rolling. The X-ray data revealed 0.07(+/- 0.02)% twin-boundary frequency for the {10.2} twin family, but zero twinning (within the experimental accuracy) in the {10.1} family. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data confirmed the X-ray findings. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ungar, T.; Balogh, L.; Nyilas, K.; Ribarik, G.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Mat Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Glavicic, M. G.; Salem, A. A.; Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL MLLM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavicic, M. G.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Salem, A. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ungar, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Mat Phys, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM ungar@ludens.elte.hu RI Ribarik, Gabor/A-9213-2012; Balogh, Levente/S-1238-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 493 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.06.096 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357KN UT WOS:000259844800013 ER PT J AU Walker, MJ Boyles, RE Young, BA Strunce, JB Garber, MB Whitman, JM Deyle, G Wainner, RS AF Walker, Michael J. Boyles, Robert E. Young, Brian A. Strunce, Joseph B. Garber, Matthew B. Whitman, Julie M. Deyle, Gail Wainner, Robert S. TI The Effectiveness of Manual Physical Therapy and Exercise for Mechanical Neck Pain A Randomized Clinical Trial SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE mechanical neck pain; cervical pain; radicular pain; radiculitis; manual therapy; manipulation; mobilization; exercise ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; BETWEEN-SESSION CHANGES; SPINAL MANIPULATION; CERVICAL-SPINE; GENERAL-PRACTITIONER; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; PREDICTION RULE; CONTINUED CARE; MOBILIZATION; RELIABILITY AB Study Design. Randomized clinical trial. Objective. To assess the effectiveness of manual physical therapy and exercise (MTE) for mechanical neck pain with or without unilateral upper extremity (UE) symptoms, as compared to a minimal intervention (MIN) approach. Summary of Background Data. Mounting evidence supports the use of manual therapy and exercise for mechanical neck pain, but no studies have directly assessed its effectiveness for UE symptoms. Methods. A total of 94 patients referred to 3 physical therapy clinics with a primary complaint of mechanical neck pain, with or without unilateral UE symptoms, were randomized to receive MTE or a MIN approach of advice, motion exercise, and subtherapeutic ultrasound. Primary outcomes were the neck disability index, cervical and UE pain visual analog scales (VAS), and patient-perceived global rating of change assessed at 3-, 6-, and 52-weeks. Secondary measures included treatment success rates and post-treatment healthcare utilization. Results. The MTE group demonstrated significantly larger reductions in short- and long-term neck disability index scores (mean 1-year difference -5.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -8.1 to -2.1; P = 0.001) and short-term cervical VAS scores (mean 6- week difference -14.2, 95% CI -22.7 to -5.6; P = 0.001) as compared to the MIN group. The MTE group also demonstrated significant within group reductions in short- and long-term UE VAS scores at all time periods (mean 1-year difference -16.3, 95% CI - 23.1 to -9.5; P = 0.000). At 1-year, patient perceived treatment success was reported by 62% (29 of 47) of the MTE group and 32% (15 of 47) of the MIN group (P = 0.004). Conclusion. An impairment-based MTE program resulted in clinically and statistically significant short- and long-term improvements in pain, disability, and patient-perceived recovery in patients with mechanical neck pain when compared to a program comprising advice, a mobility exercise, and subtherapeutic ultrasound. C1 [Walker, Michael J.] Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Boyles, Robert E.] Univ Puget Sound, Sch Phys Therapy, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Young, Brian A.] Dept Med Therapy, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. [Garber, Matthew B.] Blanchfield Army Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Campbell, KY USA. [Whitman, Julie M.] Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, RHSHP, Denver, CO USA. [Deyle, Gail] Baylor Univ, USA, Postprofess Doctoral Program Orthopaed Manual Phy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Wainner, Robert S.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Walker, MJ (reprint author), 418 Dickman Rd, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM mwalker21@satx.rr.com NR 48 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0362-2436 EI 1528-1159 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 22 BP 2371 EP 2378 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318183391e PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 361FK UT WOS:000260112700001 PM 18923311 ER PT J AU Volkov, A Shumelyuk, A Odoulov, S Evans, DR Cook, G AF Volkov, Alexandr Shumelyuk, Alexandr Odoulov, Serguey Evans, Dean R. Cook, Gary TI Anisotropic diffraction from photorefractive gratings and Pockels tensor of Sn2P2S6 SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS AB The first observation of anisotropic diffraction and anisotropic self diffraction in low symmetry photorefractive crystal Sn2P2S6 is reported. From comparison of the diffraction efficiency of isotropic and anisotropic diffraction the ratios of the Pockels tensor components are deduced, including some nondiagonal components that have never been evaluated until now. The particular orientation of the optical indicatrix in Sn2P2S6 (roughly at 45 degrees to z- and x-axes at ambient temperature) has a paradoxical consequence: The efficiency of anisotropic diffraction depends solely on diagonal components of the Pockels tensor, while the efficiency of the isotropic diffraction is considerably affected by nondiagonal components. With already known results and data presented in this article we can state that all 10 nonvanishing Pockels tensor components of the m-symmetry class crystal like Sn2P2S6 do manifest themselves in various types of nonlinear wave mixing. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Volkov, Alexandr; Shumelyuk, Alexandr; Odoulov, Serguey] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Evans, Dean R.; Cook, Gary] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Volkov, A (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, 46 Sci Ave, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM odoulov@iop.kiev.ua FU European Office of Research and Development; Science and Technology Center of Ukraine FX The authors are grateful to Alexander Grabar and Ivan Stoyka for the SPS samples used in the present experiment. The financial support of European Office of Research and Development and Science and Technology Center of Ukraine via grant P335 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 13 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 21 BP 16923 EP 16934 DI 10.1364/OE.16.016923 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 371XB UT WOS:000260864900067 ER PT J AU Stoik, CD Bohn, MJ Blackshire, JL AF Stoik, Christopher D. Bohn, Matthew J. Blackshire, James L. TI Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft composites using transmissive terahertz time domain spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; CONDUCTIVITY; PROPAGATION; PULSES; MEDIA AB Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TDS) was assessed as a nondestructive evaluation technique for aircraft composites. Damage to glass fiber was studied including voids, delaminations, mechanical damage, and heat damage. Measurement of the material properties on samples with localized heat damage showed that burning did not change the refractive index or absorption coefficient noticeably; however, material blistering was detected. Voids were located by TDS transmissive imaging using amplitude and phase techniques. The depth of delaminations was measured via the timing of Fabry-Perot reflections after the main pulse. Evidence of bending stress damage and simulated hidden cracks was also detected with terahertz imaging. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Stoik, Christopher D.; Bohn, Matthew J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blackshire, James L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stoik, CD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.stoik@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The glass fiber composite samples used in this research were provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH. This research effort was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 25 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 13 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 21 BP 17039 EP 17051 DI 10.1364/OE.16.017039 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 371XB UT WOS:000260864900081 PM 18852814 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Haji-Saeed, B Goodhue, WD Woods, CL Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Haji-Saeed, Bahareh Goodhue, William D. Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John TI MEMS-based optical limiter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB We propose the design of an optical limiter based on a microelectromechanical systems deformable mirror. The design is based on aperturing focused light reflected out of an optically driven deformable mirror, deformed in a parabolic form. We derive an expression for the reflected light intensity, and we show that the reflected light saturates as a function of back illumination light intensity. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Khoury, Jed; Woods, Charles L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Haji-Saeed, Bahareh; Kierstead, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Goodhue, William D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 29 BP 5468 EP 5472 DI 10.1364/AO.47.005468 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 368AN UT WOS:000260593800030 PM 18846190 ER PT J AU Qu, LT Dai, LM Stone, M Xia, ZH Wang, ZL AF Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming Stone, Morley Xia, Zhenhai Wang, Zhong Lin TI Carbon nanotube arrays with strong shear binding-on and easy normal lifting-off SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GECKO FOOT-HAIR; DRY ADHESIVES; MECHANICS; FRICTION; BIOLOGY; GROWTH; FORCE AB The ability of gecko lizards to adhere to a vertical solid surface comes from their remarkable feet with aligned microscopic elastic hairs. By using carbon nanotube arrays that are dominated by a straight body segment but with curly entangled top, we have created gecko-foot-mimetic dry adhesives that show macroscopic adhesive forces of similar to 100 newtons per square centimeter, almost 10 times that of a gecko foot, and a much stronger shear adhesion force than the normal adhesion force, to ensure strong binding along the shear direction and easy lifting in the normal direction. This anisotropic force distribution is due to the shear-induced alignments of the curly segments of the nanotubes. The mimetic adhesives can be alternatively binding-on and lifting-off over various substrates for simulating the walking of a living gecko. C1 [Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Stone, Morley] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AFRL RH, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xia, Zhenhai] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, Zhong Lin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sch Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu; zlwang@gatech.edu RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 FU AFRL/Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF [CMS-0609077] FX L.D., Z.L.W., and M.S. thank AFRL/Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support. L.D. also thanks T. Yamada, S. Sangwook, A. Roy, J. Baur, and T. Benson-Tolle for useful discussions as well as financial support from NSF (grant CMS-0609077). NR 27 TC 383 Z9 407 U1 33 U2 286 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5899 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1126/science.1159503 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 358FK UT WOS:000259902300042 PM 18845750 ER PT J AU Luedtke, WD Landman, U Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA Sok, S Gordon, MS AF Luedtke, W. D. Landman, Uzi Chiu, Y. -H. Levandier, D. J. Dressler, R. A. Sok, S. Gordon, M. S. TI Nanojets, electrospray, and ion field evaporation: Molecular dynamics simulations and laboratory experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID INDUCED DROPLET IONIZATION; UNIVERSAL SCALING LAWS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SALT-SOLUTIONS; TAYLOR CONES; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; MONODISPERSE DROPLETS; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB The energetics, interfacial properties, instabilities, and fragmentation patterns of electrosprays made from formamide salt solutions are investigated in a mass spectrometric vacuum electrospray experiment and using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The electrospray source is operated in a Taylor cone-jet mode, with the nanojet that forms being characterized by high surface-normal electric field strengths in the vicinity of I V/nm. Mass-to-charge ratios were determined for both positive and negative currents sprayed from NaI-formamide solutions with solute-solvent mole ratios of 1:8.4 and 1:36.9, and from KI-formamide solutions with mole ratios of 1:41 and 1:83. The molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on isolated 10 nm NaI-formamide droplets at mole ratios of 1:8 and 1:16. The droplet was subjected to a uniform electric field with strengths ranging between 0.5 and 1.5 V/nm. Both the experiments and simulations demonstrate a mixed charge emission regime where field-induced desorption of solvated ions and charged droplets occurs. The macroscopic parameters, such as average mass-to-charge ratio and maximum surfacenormal field strengths deduced from the simulations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental work and consistent with electrohydrodynamic theory of cone-jets. The observed mass spectrometric Na+ and I- solvated ion distributions are consistent with a thermal evaporation process, and are correctly reproduced by the simulation after incorporation of the different flight times and unimolecular ion dissociation rates in the analysis. Alignment of formamide dipoles and field-induced reorganization of the positive and negative ionic charges in the interfacial region are both found to contribute to the surface-normal field near the points of charge emission. In the simulations the majority of cluster ions are found to be emitted from the tip of the jet rather than from the neck region next to the Taylor cone. This finding is consistent with the experimental energy distributions of the solvated ions which demonstrate that indeed most ions are emitted closer to the jet region, that is, beyond the cone-neck region where ohmic losses occur. This observation is also consistent with continuum electrohydrodynamic predictions of cluster-ion evaporation at surface regions of high curvature and therefore maximum surface electric field strengths, which may be the cone-neck region, the breakup region of the jet (usually near the tip of the jet), or the emitted charged droplets. In the nanoscale jets observed in this study, the regions of highest spatial curvature are at the ends of the jets where nascent drops either are forming or have just detached. C1 [Luedtke, W. D.; Landman, Uzi] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chiu, Y. -H.; Levandier, D. J.; Dressler, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Sok, S.; Gordon, M. S.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Landman, U (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM uzi.landman@physics.gatech.edu NR 105 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 9 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 40 BP 9628 EP 9649 DI 10.1021/jp804585y PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 356EA UT WOS:000259760300004 PM 18828572 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Slocik, JM Campbell, A Hu, JJ Naik, RR Voevodin, AA AF Patton, Steven T. Slocik, Joseph M. Campbell, Angela Hu, Jianjun Naik, Rajesh R. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Bimetallic nanoparticles for surface modification and lubrication of MEMS switch contacts SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIKE BEHAVIOR; GOLD; NANOSTRUCTURES; CATION; SIZE AB Reliability continues to be a critical issue in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches. Failure mechanisms include high contact resistance (R), high adhesion, melting/shorting, and contact erosion. Little previous work has addressed the lubrication of MEMS switches. In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized using a biotemplated approach and deposited on Au MEMS switch contacts as a nanoparticle-based lubricant. Bimetallic nanoparticles are comprised of a metallic core(similar to 10 nm diameter gold nanoparticle) with smaller metallic nanoparticles (similar to 2-3 nm diameter Pd nanoparticles) populating the core surface. Adhesion and resistance (R) were measured during hot switching experiments at low (10 mu A) and high (1 mA) current. The Au/Pd NP coated contacts led to reduced adhesion as compared to pure Au contacts with a compromise of slightly higher R. For switches held in the closed position at low current, R gradually decreased over tens of seconds due to increased van der Waals force and growth of the real area of contact with temporal effects being dominant over load effects. Contact behavior transitioned from 'Pd-like' to 'Au-like' during low current cycling experiments. Melting at high current resulted in rapid formation of large real contact area, low and stable R, and minimal effect of load on R. Durability at high current was excellent with no failure through 10(6) hot switching cycles. Improvement at high current is due to controlled nanoscale surface roughness that spreads current through multiple nanocontacts, which restricts the size of melting regions and causes termination of nanowire growth (prevents shorting) during contact opening. Based on these results, bimetallic NPs show excellent potential as surface modifiers/lubricants for MEMS switch contacts. C1 [Patton, Steven T.; Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Campbell, Angela; Naik, Rajesh R.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steve.patton@wpafb.af.mil; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU RX Bio program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this work was provided by the RX Bio program and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 40 AR 405705 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/40/405705 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 341TI UT WOS:000258737500027 PM 21832634 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA AF Levandier, Dale J. Chiu, Yu-Hui Dressler, Rainer A. TI A guided-ion beam study of the O(+)((4)S)+NH(3) system at hyperthermal energies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS AB We have measured absolute cross section for the reaction of ground-state O(+) with ammonia at collision energies in the range from near-thermal to approximately 15 eV, using the guided-ion beam (GIB) method. Measurements were also performed using ammonia-d(3) to aid in mass assignments. The reaction is dominated at low collision energies by charge transfer; however, the cross section for this exothermic channel is rather small, decreasing sharply with energy from similar to 40 angstrom(2) for normal ammonia at near-thermal energies and leveling off at 3.7 angstrom(2) above 6 eV; the cross section is slightly smaller for ammonia-d(3). Other channels, corresponding to the production of NH(2)(+) and NO(+), and possibly OH(+), were detected. The NO(+) channel, although nominally exothermic, is very small and exhibits a threshold at similar to 7 eV. Product recoil velocity distributions were also determined at selected collision energies, using GIB time-of-flight methods. C1 [Levandier, Dale J.; Chiu, Yu-Hui; Dressler, Rainer A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Levandier, Dale J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. RP Levandier, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. FU AFOSR [2303ES02] FX This work was supported by AFOSR under Task 2303ES02. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. A. A. Viggiano, who provided the ammonia-d3 used in this work. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 2 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 39 BP 9601 EP 9606 DI 10.1021/jp803120z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 353FP UT WOS:000259551800053 PM 18771251 ER PT J AU Weiss, RA Wright, E Neil, S Dolan, MJ He, W Kulkarni, H Ahuja, S AF Weiss, R. A. Wright, E. Neil, S. Dolan, M. J. He, W. Kulkarni, H. Ahuja, S. TI Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines: a Polymorphism Frequent in Africans that Increases Risk of HIV-1 Infection by 50% SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP NIAID, Div AIDS, NIH, Div AIDS C1 [Weiss, R. A.; Wright, E.; Neil, S.] UCL, London, England. [Dolan, M. J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [He, W.; Kulkarni, H.; Ahuja, S.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 367CT UT WOS:000260530800180 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Liang, SX AF Fadare, Oluwole Liang, Sharon X. TI Epithelioid smooth muscle tumors of the uterus do not express CD1a: A potential immunohistochemical adjunct in their distinction from perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 16-19, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Liang, Sharon X.] Stony Brook Univ Hosp, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 MA 34 BP 659 EP 659 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 349ZY UT WOS:000259323400057 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Orejudos, MP Jain, R Mariappan, MR Hecht, JL Renshaw, IL Hileeto, D Wang, SA Ghofrani, M Liang, SX AF Fadare, Oluwole Orejudos, Michael P. Jain, Reena Mariappan, M. Rajan Hecht, Jonathan L. Renshaw, Idris L. Hileeto, Denise Wang, Sa A. Ghofrani, Mohiedean Liang, Sharon X. TI A comparative analysis of lymphatic vessel density in ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential (borderline turnors) with and without lymph node involvement SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 16-19, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Orejudos, Michael P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Jain, Reena] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Mariappan, M. Rajan; Hecht, Jonathan L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mariappan, M. Rajan; Hecht, Jonathan L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hileeto, Denise] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Ghofrani, Mohiedean] SW Washington Med Ctr, Vancouver, WA USA. [Liang, Sharon X.] SUNY Stony Brook, Med Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Orejudos, Michael P.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Orejudos, Michael P.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Orejudos, Michael P.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lab Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Renshaw, Idris L.] Vanguard Pathol Associates, Austin, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 MA 43 BP 662 EP 662 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 349ZY UT WOS:000259323400066 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Myxoid epithelioid sarcoma: Clinicopathologic analysis of 2 cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 16-19, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 MA 49 BP 664 EP 664 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 349ZY UT WOS:000259323400072 ER PT J AU Fadare, I AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Leiomyomata from uteri that underwent the NovaSure (radiofrequency) impedance-controlled endometrial ablation show no significant morphologic changes: Report of three cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 16-19, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 MA 55 BP 666 EP 666 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 349ZY UT WOS:000259323400078 ER PT J AU Nicholls, SE Sweeney, TW Ferre, RM Strout, TD AF Nicholls, Scott E. Sweeney, Timothy W. Ferre, Robinson M. Strout, Tania D. TI Bedside sonography by emergency physicians for the rapid identification of landmarks relevant to cricothyrotomy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE INTUBATION; ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE; MEDICINE RESIDENCY; AIRWAY MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS; ARTHROCENTESIS; ACCESS AB Introduction: Cricothyrotomy is a difficult, infrequently performed lifesaving procedure. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to develop a standardized ultrasound technique to sonographically identify the cricothyroid membrane (CM) and to evaluate the ability of emergency physicians (EPs) to apply the technique in a cohort of Emergency Department (ED) patients. Methods: Four cadaveric models were used to develop a technique to accurately identify the CM. Two EPs then sonographically imaged 50 living subjects. Time to visualization of the CM and relevant landmarks, as well as perception of landmark palpation difficulty, were recorded. Results: Fifty subjects were enrolled, and relevant structures were identified in all participants. The mean time to visualization of the CM was 24.32 +/- 20.18 seconds (95% confidence interval, 18.59-30.05 seconds). Although a significant relationship between palpation difficulty and body mass index was noted, body mass index did not impact physician ability to identify the CM. Conclusions: Emergency physicians were able to develop and implement a reliable sonographic technique for the identification of anatomy relevant to performing an emergent cricothyrotomy. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nicholls, Scott E.; Sweeney, Timothy W.; Strout, Tania D.] Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Ferre, Robinson M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Strout, TD (reprint author), Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, ME 04102 USA. EM strout@mmc.org RI Strout, Tania/L-1556-2013 OI Strout, Tania/0000-0001-9053-1523 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 8 BP 852 EP 856 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.11.022 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 361JG UT WOS:000260123300002 PM 18926340 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Hagan, L AF Calabria, Christopher W. Hagan, Larry TI The role of intradermal skin testing in inhalant allergy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RADIOALLERGOSORBENT TEST; PRICK TESTS; PROVOCATION TESTS; IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY; RESPIRATORY ALLERGY; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; TIMOTHY POLLEN; HAY-FEVER; SERUM IGE AB Objective: To provide an overview of the role of intradermal skin testing (IDST) in inhalant allergy. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE to identify peer-reviewed articles related to IDST using the following keywords: skin testing, intradermal, intracutaneous, aeroallergen, and inhalant allergen. In addition, references cited within these articles were also reviewed. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic. Results: The use of IDST for inhalant allergy varies widely among allergists. When performed, it is necessary to use a 100- to 1,000-fold dilution from the stock allergen extract. IDST is used routinely in the standardization of extracts in the United States. With a negative skin prick test result, a positive IDST result has low agreement with in vitro and challenge results and generally adds little to the diagnostic evaluation. In contrast, a negative IDST result generally has a high negative predictive value. Only a few inhalant allergens have been evaluated with challenge models for IDST. A summary of the data is also presented in tabular form. Conclusions: Most of the literature suggests that with a negative skin prick test result, a positive IDST result adds little to the diagnostic evaluation of inhalant allergy. However, additional studies are necessary using challenge models for less potent and nonstandardized inhalant allergens (molds, trees, dog, weeds). C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Hagan, Larry] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 337 EP 349 PG 13 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 359II UT WOS:000259979300002 PM 18939720 ER PT J AU Tucker, MH Tankersley, MS AF Tucker, Mark H. Tankersley, Michael S. CA ACAAI Immunotherapy & Diagnostics TI Perception and practice of sublingual immunotherapy among practicing allergists SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE; ANAPHYLAXIS; RHINITIS; SAFETY; POLLEN; CHILDREN; ADULTS; ROUTES AB Background: Currently, little information is available regarding who is using sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in the United States, what product they may be using, how they are dosing that product, and what perceived effect it may be having on patients. Objective: To gather information regarding the perception and use of SLIT among practicing allergists in the United States. Methods: On behalf of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Immunotherapy and Diagnostics Committee, an electronic survey was sent to all practicing allergists of the ACAAI in March 2007. Results: The survey response rate was 25.7% (828/3,217) in which 92.5% of the respondents (766/828) practiced in the United States. For 61.7% (471/763) the most cited reason for not using SLIT was lack of approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If SLIT were an FDA-approved form of immunotherapy, 65.7% would use it to treat allergic rhinitis, 45.5% would use SLIT to treat patients younger than 5 years, and 40.9% would use it to treat moderate to severe asthma. A total of 5.9% (45/766) of US allergists reported using SLIT. Most perceived SLIT to be as effective (44.7%) or more effective (10.5%) than subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Most allergists who used SLIT (65.9%) had it reimbursed by patients paying out of pocket. The most commonly used extract (79.1%) was a commercially available extract used for SCIT. Some practitioners (53.5%) required their patients to administer doses of SLIT in their office, but 81.8% only required that this be done with the first dose. Practitioners gave epinephrine injectors to 41.5% of their patients receiving SLIT. Conclusions: Although only 5.9% of US allergists reported using SLIT, most of the 828 surveyed (766 US allergists) viewed SLIT as safe and effective and would consider using SLIT if it were an FDA-approved therapy. C1 [Tucker, Mark H.] USN, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, Dept Allergy, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Tucker, Mark H.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Tucker, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, Dept Allergy, 2251 Cushing Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM mhtucker@pol.net NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 359II UT WOS:000259979300014 PM 18939732 ER PT J AU White, KM England, RW AF White, Kevin M. England, Ronald W. TI Safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors while receiving venom immunotherapy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS; HYMENOPTERA VENOM; ACE INHIBITORS; AN69 MEMBRANES; HEMODIALYSIS; SYSTEM; HYPOSENSITIZATION; BRADYKININ; PLASMA AB Background: Case reports have raised concern about concurrent use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) in patients receiving venom immunotherapy (VIT). No surveys have been performed on the number of venom allergic patients who take ACE-Is and their outcomes. Objective: To survey the use of ACE-Is and systemic reaction (SR) characteristics in patients receiving VIT. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was performed on all patients evaluated for Hymenoptera venom allergy at a single center from 2000 to 2005. Patient records were evaluated for presenting symptoms, specific IgE testing. VIT treatment course, ACE-I use during VIT, and the presence of any SRs to field stings or VIT. Results: Of 288 patients evaluated from 2000 to 2005 for Hymenoptera venom allergy, 157 were found to have venom specific I-E. Of these 157 patients, 79 (50%) of those with Hymenoptera venom allergy underwent VIT. Seventeen of these 79 patients (21%) were taking an ACE-I during VIT. The mean overlap of a patient taking an ACE-I with the time they were receiving VIT was 30.9 months (range, 3-114 months). Patients taking ACE-Is were older (mean age, 56.2 vs 36.4 years; P < .001) and received VIT for a longer period (mean, 72.3 vs 29.9 months; P < .04). Thirteen of 62 patients not taking an ACE-I (21%) experienced an SR during their VIT. No patients taking an ACE-I experienced an SR to VIT while taking an ACE-I (P = .03). Conclusions: This study suggests that there is not an association between ACE-I use and increased frequency of SRs to venom immunotherapy. C1 [White, Kevin M.; England, Ronald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP White, KM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, 59th MTG SGMOVA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kevin.white@lakenheath.af.mil OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 359II UT WOS:000259979300015 PM 18939733 ER PT J AU La Shell, MMS Calabria, MCW AF La Shell, Maj Mark S. Calabria, Maj Christopher W. TI Sublingual-oral administration of standardized allergenic extracts: Phase I safety and dosing results SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNOTHERAPY C1 [La Shell, Maj Mark S.; Calabria, Maj Christopher W.] 59th Med Grp, Dept Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP La Shell, MMS (reprint author), 59th Med Grp, Dept Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 359II UT WOS:000259979300019 PM 18939737 ER PT J AU Johnson, S Cain, S AF Johnson, Steven Cain, Stephen TI Bound on range precision for shot-noise limited ladar systems SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-RADAR; PERFORMANCE AB The precision of ladar range measurements is limited by noise. The fundamental source of noise in a laser signal is the random time between photon arrivals. This phenomenon, called shot noise, is modeled as a Poisson random process. Other noise sources in the system are also modeled as Poisson processes. Under the Poisson-noise assumption, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on range measurements is derived. This bound on the variance of any unbiased range estimate is greater than the CRLB derived by assuming Gaussian noise of equal variance. Finally, it is shown that, for a ladar capable of dividing a fixed amount of energy into multiple laser pulses, the range precision is maximized when all energy is transmitted in a single pulse. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Johnson, Steven; Cain, Stephen] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.johnson.ctr@afit.edu NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP 5147 EP 5154 DI 10.1364/AO.47.005147 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200025 PM 18830304 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Meola, J Stocker, AD Beaven, SG Schaum, AP AF Eismann, Michael T. Meola, Joseph Stocker, Alan D. Beaven, Scott G. Schaum, Alan P. TI Airborne hyperspectral detection of small changes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DETECTION ALGORITHMS; IMAGERY; DESIGN; AREAS AB Hyperspectral change detection offers a promising approach to detect objects and features of remotely sensed areas that are too difficult to find in single images, such as slight changes in land cover and the insertion, deletion, or movement of small objects, by exploiting subtle differences in the imagery over time. Methods for performing such change detection, however, must effectively maintain invariance to typically larger image-to-image changes in illumination and environmental conditions, as well as misregistration and viewing differences between image observations, while remaining sensitive to small differences in scene content. Previous research has established predictive algorithms to overcome such natural changes between images, and these approaches have recently been extended to deal with space-varying changes. The challenges to effective change detection, however, are often exacerbated in an airborne imaging geometry because of the limitations in control over flight conditions and geometry, and some of the recent change detection algorithms have not been demonstrated in an airborne setting. We describe the airborne implementation and relative performance of such methods. We specifically attempt to characterize the effects of spatial misregistration on change detection performance, the efficacy of class-conditional predictors in an airborne setting, and extensions to the change detection approach, including physically motivated shadow transition classifiers and matched change filtering based on in-scene atmospheric normalization. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Eismann, Michael T.; Meola, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stocker, Alan D.; Beaven, Scott G.] Space Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Schaum, Alan P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP F27 EP F45 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000F27 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200004 PM 18830283 ER PT J AU Manolakis, D Rossacci, M Zhang, D Cipar, J Lockwood, R Cooley, T Jacobson, J AF Manolakis, Dimitris Rossacci, Michael Zhang, Denise Cipar, John Lockwood, Ronald Cooley, Thomas Jacobson, John TI Statistical characterization of hyperspectral background clutter in the reflective spectral region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; IMAGERY; AVIRIS AB Hyperspectral imaging systems for daylight operation measure and analyze reflected and scattered radiation in p-spectral channels covering the reflective infrared region 0.4-2.5 mu m. Consequently, the p-dimensional joint distribution of background clutter is required to design and evaluate optimum hyperspectral imaging processors. In this paper, we develop statistical models for the spectral variability of natural hyperspectral backgrounds using the class of elliptically contoured distributions. We demonstrate, using data from the NASA AVIRIS sensor, that models based on the multivariate t-elliptically contoured distribution capture with sufficient accuracy the statistical characteristics of natural hyperspectral backgrounds that are relevant to target detection applications. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Manolakis, Dimitris; Rossacci, Michael; Zhang, Denise] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Cipar, John; Lockwood, Ronald] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Cooley, Thomas] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jacobson, John] Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Manolakis, D (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM dmanolakis@ll.mit.edu FU Department of Defense [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX This work was sponsored by the Department of Defense under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP F96 EP F106 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000F96 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200010 PM 18830289 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Kerekes, J Schaum, AP Leathers, RA AF Eismann, Michael T. Kerekes, John Schaum, Alan P. Leathers, Robert A. TI Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging: introduction to the feature issue SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB This Applied Optics feature issue on multispectral and hyperspectral imaging focuses on the leading research across various disciplines in this field of research. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kerekes, John] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Schaum, Alan P.; Leathers, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 28 BP MHI1 EP MHI1 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00MHI1 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364PS UT WOS:000260348200001 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, TE AF Rasmussen, Todd E. TI beta-Blockade in Noncardiac Surgery Outcome at All Levels of Cardiac Risk INVITED CRITIQUE SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 143 IS 10 BP 944 EP 944 DI 10.1001/archsurg.143.10.944 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 360GG UT WOS:000260045400006 ER PT J AU Goodman, BT Richardson, MG AF Goodman, Brian T. Richardson, Michael G. TI Case report: Unilateral negative pressure pulmonary edema - a complication of endobronchial intubation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE LA English DT Article ID ACCIDENTAL BRONCHIAL INTUBATION; ENDOTRACHEAL-TUBE; OROTRACHEAL INTUBATION; AIRWAY-OBSTRUCTION; CHEST AUSCULTATION; POSITION; ADULTS; CUFF AB Purpose: We describe an unusual presentation of a case of fulminant unilateral pulmonary edema caused by unrecognized right endobronchial intubation that occurred during patient movement at the end of surgery. We review factors which may predispose to this complication. Clinical features: During emergence from anesthesia at the conclusion of bariatric surgery, a 27-yr-old patient (163 kg, body mass index 61.5 kg.m(-1)) became hypoxemic despite vigorous spontaneous ventilatory efforts through a 7.0 mm endotracheal tube with 100% oxygen. Right mainstem endobronchial tube malposition was detected by auscultation. The tube was repositioned, followed by copious pink frothy pulmonary edema abruptly issuing from the tracheal tube. Chest radiography revealed dense left lung infiltrates, consistent with unilateral negative pressure pulmonary edema, caused by brief, but forceful, inspiratory efforts against an obstructed left bronchus. This condition resolved over the following 24 hr. The patient's trachea was then extubated, and the remainder of her recovery was unremarkable. Conclusions: A high degree of airway anatomic variation, common tracheal tube insertion practices, unreliability of tube position detection methods, and the effects of patient positioning may all contribute to endotracheal tube malposition, including partial endobronchial intubation. Several modifications in airway management may help to prevent: such complications of tracheal tube malposition. C1 [Richardson, Michael G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Goodman, Brian T.] Lakenheath Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Brandon, Suffolk, England. [Goodman, Brian T.] USAF, Royal AF Lakenheath, Brandon, Suffolk, England. RP Richardson, MG (reprint author), 2301 VUH, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM michael.g.richardson@vanderbilt.edu RI Richardson, Michael/O-3530-2016 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU CANADIAN ANESTHESIOLOGISTS SOC PI TORONTO PA 1 EGLINTON AVE EAST, SUITE 208, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4P 3A1, CANADA SN 0832-610X J9 CAN J ANAESTH JI Can. J. Anaesth.-J. Can. Anesth. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 10 BP 691 EP 695 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 357MD UT WOS:000259849000005 PM 18835967 ER PT J AU Boasso, A Hardy, AW Landay, AL Martinson, JL Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Clerici, M Shearer, GM AF Boasso, Adriano Hardy, Andrew W. Landay, Alan L. Martinson, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Stephanie A. Dolan, Matthew J. Clerici, Mario Shearer, Gene M. TI PDL-1 upregulation on monocytes and T cells by HIV via type I interferon: Restricted expression of type I interferon receptor by CCR5-expressing leukocytes SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; PDL-1; IFN-alpha; CCR5; T lymphocytes; monocytes; plasmacytoid dendritic cells; antigen -presenting cells; proliferation ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; CHRONIC HEPATITIS-B; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; VIRAL REPLICATION; SIV INFECTION; IFN-ALPHA; ACTIVATION AB The programmed death (PD)-1 interacts with its ligand (PDL-1) delivering a negative signal to T cells. During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection PD-1 and PDL-1 expressions are increased. Here we show that monocytes and CCR5(+) T cells of HIV-uninfected donors upregulated PDL-1 upon in vitro exposure to HIV. HIV-induced PDL-1 required interferon (IFN)-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, production. Inhibition of endocytosis, required for HIV-induced IFN-alpha production, prevented PDL-1 upregulation. IFN-alpha-inducing Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists increased PDL-1 on monocytes and CCR5(+) T cells. CD80 and CD86 were also increased on monocytes and CCR5+ T cells after HIV exposure, but only CD80 was IFN-alpha-dependent. IFN-alpha-receptor subunit 2 (IFNAR2), was expressed only by CCR5(+) T cells and monocytes, explaining why these leukocytes responded to HIV-induced IFN-a. Finally, T cell proliferation was improved by PDL-1 blockade in HIV-treated PBMC. In the setting of HIV infection, IFN-a may negatively affect T cell responses by inducing PDL-1. K) 2008 (C) Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boasso, Adriano; Hardy, Andrew W.; Shearer, Gene M.] NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Landay, Alan L.; Martinson, Jeffrey L.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Anderson, Stephanie A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] SAMMC, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Clerici, Mario] Univ Milan, Dept Biomed Sci & Technol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. [Clerici, Mario] Don C Gnocchi Fdn IRCCS, Lab Mol Med & Biotechnol, Milan, Italy. RP Boasso, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Immunol, 369 Fulham Rd, London SW10 9NH, England. EM a.boasso@imperial.ac.uk OI Clerici, Mario/0000-0001-5920-6191; Boasso, Adriano/0000-0001-9673-6319 FU Intramural research Program of the CCR, NO; Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program (IATAP) FX This research was supported by the Intramural research Program of the CCR, NO and by the Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program (IATAP). We thank Dr. Jeffrey D. Lifson (AVP, NCI-Frederick, SAIC, Frederick, MD) for the kind gift of AT-2-treated and non-AT-2 treated HIV. NR 59 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 129 IS 1 BP 132 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2008.05.009 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 351XM UT WOS:000259459200016 PM 18650129 ER PT J AU Hivnor, CM Mirski, D AF Hivnor, Chad M. Mirski, Daniel TI What Is Your Diagnosis? - The Diagnosis: Dermatitis Herpetiformis SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hivnor, Chad M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hivnor, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 EI 2326-6929 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 82 IS 4 BP 241 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 369ZG UT WOS:000260731800003 PM 19055166 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, MA Eller, RL Sataloff, RT AF Ginsburg, Mark A. Eller, Robert L. Sataloff, Robert T. TI Mucosal tear SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ginsburg, Mark A.] Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Otolaryngol Facial Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Eller, Robert L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sataloff, Robert T.] Drexel Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Ginsburg, MA (reprint author), Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Otolaryngol Facial Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10 BP 558 EP 558 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA V10PD UT WOS:000207475000003 PM 18833529 ER PT J AU Bullard, TJ Das, J Daquila, GL Tauber, UC AF Bullard, T. J. Das, J. Daquila, G. L. Tauber, U. C. TI Vortex washboard voltage noise in type-II superconductors SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOSON LOCALIZATION; DRIVEN LATTICES; MAGNETIC-FLUX; GLASS; PHASE; INTERFERENCE; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATION; VORTICES AB In order to characterize flux flow through disordered type-II superconductors, we investigate the effects of columnar and point defects on the vortex velocity/voltage power spectrum in the driven non-equilibrium steady state. We employ three-dimensional Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations to measure relevant physical observables including the force-velocity/current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, vortex spatial arrangement and structure factor, and mean flux line radius of gyration.Our simulation results compare well to earlier findings and physical intuition.We focus specifically on the voltage noise power spectra in conjunction with the vortex structure factor in the presence of weak columnar and point pinning centers. We investigate the vortex washboard noise peak and associated higher harmonics,and show that the intensity ratios of the washboard harmonics are determined bythe strength of the material defects rather than the type of pins present.Through varying columnar defect lengths and pinning strengths as well as magnetic flux density we further explore the effect of the material defects on vortex transport.It is demonstrated that the radius of gyration displays quantitatively uniquefeatures that depend characteristically on the type of material defects presentin the sample. C1 [Bullard, T. J.; Daquila, G. L.; Tauber, U. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Stochast Proc & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bullard, T. J.; Daquila, G. L.; Tauber, U. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Das, J.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bullard, T. J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bullard, TJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tauber@vt.edu RI Das, Jayajit/E-2951-2011 FU U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research [NSF DMR-0075725, 0308548]; Bank of America Jeffress Memorial Trust [J-594] FX This work was in part supported through the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research, grants NSF DMR-0075725 and 0308548, and through the Bank of America Jeffress Memorial Trust, research grant J-594. Some of the data shown were obtained from simulations run on Virginia Tech's Anantham cluster. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with I. Georgiev, T. Klongcheongsan, E. Lyman, M. Pleimling, G. Pruessner, B. Schmittmann, S. Teitel and R. K. P. Zia. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD OCT PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 469 EP 484 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2008-00358-7 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 370OG UT WOS:000260770900001 ER PT J AU Drummond, J Christou, J AF Drummond, Jack Christou, Julian TI Triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and rotational poles of seven asteroids from Lick Observatory adaptive optics images, and of Ceres SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; adaptive optics ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; VESTA; SHAPE; SIZE; LIGHTCURVES; TELESCOPE; SYSTEM AB Seven main belt asteroids, 2 Pallas, 3 Juno, 4 Vesta, 16 Psyche, 87 Sylvia, 324 Bamberga, and 707 interamnia, were imaged with the adaptive optics system on the 3 m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory in the near infrared, and their triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and rotational poles have been determined with parametric blind deconvolution. In addition, the dimensions and pole for I Ceres are derived from resolved images at multiple epochs, even though it is an oblate spheroid. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Drummond, Jack] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christou, Julian] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Astron Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Drummond, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Jack.Drummond@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX We are grateful to Joel Parker for providing the HST data of Ceres taken in 2003, and to Don McCarthy and E. Keith Hege for providing the HST data of Vesta taken in 1997. Two reviewers contributed substantially to improvements in the manuscript. The excellent staff at Lick Observatory is acknowledged for their essential assistance, especially Chris Miller and Ellie Gates. Observational and travel support for Drummond was provided by the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. This research made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and of JPL's Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2008 VL 197 IS 2 BP 480 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.009 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 356OT UT WOS:000259788200008 ER PT J AU Maybeck, PS Kozak, MC Smith, BD AF Maybeck, Peter S. Kozak, Matthew C. Smith, Brian D. TI Mixed-Model Multiple-Hypothesis Tracking of Targets in Clutter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB Tracking targets in clutter, with the inherent data association problem, naturally leads to a Gaussian mixture representation of the probability density function (pdf) of the target state vector, conditioned on the measurements observed. Online trackers require reduction of the number of components in the mixture on each processing cycle, and the integral square error (ISE) based mixture reduction algorithm (MRA) significantly outperforms known alternative algorithms. Moreover, to handle target maneuver onset and changing trajectory characteristics, one can use multiple model adaptive estimation in the form of either multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) or interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithms. For maneuvering targets in clutter, one can replace each Kalman filter within a conventional MMAE or IMM with an ISE-based MRA, or better yet, replace each Kalman filter within an ISE-based algorithm with an MMAE or IMM, to yield superior tracking of aggressive maneuvers in deep clutter. Such an ISE-based algorithm of MMAEs is seen to have performance attributes significantly superior to that of a current state-of-the-art tracker. C1 [Maybeck, Peter S.; Kozak, Matthew C.; Smith, Brian D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maybeck, PS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Peter.Maybeck@afit.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1415 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 401IM UT WOS:000262934400012 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AG Brown, J AF Tartakovsky, Alexander G. Brown, James TI Adaptive Spatial-Temporal Filtering Methods for Clutter Removal and Target Tracking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In space-based infrared (IR) ballistic missile defense sensor systems, cluttered backgrounds are typically much more intense than the equivalent sensor noise or the targets being detected. Therefore, the development of efficient clutter removal and target preservation/enhancement algorithms is of crucial importance. To meet customer requirements, the advanced clutter rejection algorithms should provide more than 20 dB improvement in detection sensitivity. We propose an adaptive parametric spatial-temporal filtering technique together with the jitter compensation (scene stabilization). The results of simulations and processing of real data show that the developed adaptive spatial-temporal clutter suppression algorithms allow for efficient clutter rejection in all tested situations. Proposed algorithms completely remove heavy clutter in the presence of substantial jifter and do not require expensive subpixel jitter stabilizers. In contrast, spatial-only filters and temporal differencing methods can be used only for weak and relatively correlated clutter. A stand-alone simulator was developed to demonstrate capabilities and performance of various algorithmic approaches. Simulations model various geometries, resolutions, illuminations, and meteorological conditions for space-based IR staring sensor systems. C1 [Tartakovsky, Alexander G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Brown, James] USAF, VSBYB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AG (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Math, 3620 S Vermont Ave,KAP-108, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM tartakov@usc.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-99-1-0068, N00014-06-1-0110]; U.S. Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-06-1-0094]; Missile Defense Agency SBIR [FA8718-04-C-0059]; Air Force FX The research of Alexander Tartakovsky was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research grants N00014-99-1-0068 and N000 14-06-1-0110 and by the U.S. Army Research Office MURI grant W911NF-06-1-0094 at the University of Southern California, as well as by the Missile Defense Agency SBIR contract FA8718-04-C-0059 at ADSANTEC. The research of James Brown was supported by the Air Force. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1522 EP 1537 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 401IM UT WOS:000262934400021 ER PT J AU Devaney, AJ Kaiser, G Marengo, EA Albanese, R Erdmann, G AF Devaney, Anthony J. Kaiser, Gerald Marengo, Edwin A. Albanese, Richard Erdmann, Grant TI The Inverse Source Problem for Wavelet Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Inverse source problem; pulsed beam; reliability; wavelet field ID MINIMUM-ENERGY-SOURCES; SCALAR VOLUME SOURCES; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVELETS; COMPLEX-SOURCE; RADIATE AB The theory of the inverse source problem is employed to compute a class of continuously distributed and compactly supported three-dimensional (volume) sources that radiate the scalar wavelets investigated by Kaiser as well as certain electromagnetic generalizations of these scalar fields. These efforts have shown that the scalar wavelet fields can be radiated by a distributional source (generalized function) supported oil a circular disk of radius a or an oblate spheroid surrounding that disk. Our main goal here is to replace this distributional source by a more conventional volume source that radiates the same wavelet field outside its support volume. The equivalent volume sources computed in this paper are supported oil (three-dimensional) spherical shells whose outer radius a(+) > a and inner radius a(-) < a(+) are arbitrary. These sources are analytic functions of position within their support volumes for any finite, but arbitrarily large temporal frequency W, and possess minimum L-2 norm among all possible solutions to the inverse source problem with the given support volume constraint. Electromagnetic versions of the wavelet sources and fields are shown to he easily derived from their scalar wave counterparts. C1 [Devaney, Anthony J.; Marengo, Edwin A.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kaiser, Gerald] Ctr Signals & Waves, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Albanese, Richard; Erdmann, Grant] USAF, Res Labs, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Devaney, AJ (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM emarengo@ece.neu.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3179 EP 3187 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.929442 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 358EN UT WOS:000259900000013 ER PT J AU Heller, ER AF Heller, Eric R. TI Simulation of Life Testing Procedures for Estimating Long-Term Degradation and Lifetime of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Degradation; FETs; GaN; GaN/AlGaN; HEMTs; HFETs; life estimation; life testing; MODFETs; reliability; simulation; thermal characterization; thermal resistance ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN; CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSTRATE AB Finite element 3-D thermal simulations of long-term degradation in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for high-power applications are reported on, in which temperature evolves over time as the local degradation rate varies within the modeled device based on the local temperature of the degrading region (i.e., the channel). Specifically, hotter regions within a device are modeled as degrading faster due to a thermal component to the degradation rate equation. This allows self-consistent simulation of life testing, commonly used to estimate long-term reliability by extrapolating failure times seen at elevated channel temperatures to a lower "use" temperature. We find that it is necessary to consider the entire distribution of temperatures within the device instead of at one characteristic location to get the most accurate estimates for long-term device life. The effect of device geometry, assumed degradation mode, incorrect thermal resistance data, and dissipated power level on this lifetime estimation error is investigated. It is found that the error in the extrapolated failure time is greatly increased when both the thermal resistance is in error and the dissipated power of the life test does not match the expected power during operation, compared to when only one of these is off. C1 [Heller, Eric R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heller, Eric R.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Heller, ER (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.heller@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2554 EP 2560 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.2003220 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 363FH UT WOS:000260252700003 ER PT J AU Hargus, WA Nakles, MR AF Hargus, William A., Jr. Nakles, Michael R. TI Ion Velocity Measurements Within the Acceleration Channel of a Low-Power Hall Thruster SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hall effect devices; plasma measurements; propulsion; xenon ID XENON AB This paper presents axial ion velocity measurements within the cceleration channel of the 200-W Busek Company Inc. BHT-200 laboratory Hall thruster derived from laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the 5d[4](7/2)-6p[3](5/2) xenon-ion excited-state transition. Acceleration-channel-centerline ion velocities were measured for one nominal and six related cases. These six cases were chosen to be representative of small variations of the applied propellant flow, magnetic field, and discharge potential from the nominal condition. These deviations in operating parameters translate into changes in the plasma density, electron transport, and applied electric field, respectively. The effect of varying the magnetic field, hence influencing the electron transport, is to adjust the location of the internal ion acceleration. Increasing the anode propellant flow, which proportionally increases the plasma density and also influences the electron transport, appears to shift the acceleration upstream. Increasing the discharge potential increases ion acceleration proportionally. Examinations of the fluorescence traces, which have been previously shown to be representative of the ion velocity distributions, are also undertaken. From these data, it is possible to estimate internal axial electric fields and identify regions of ion acceleration and creation. C1 [Hargus, William A., Jr.] Edwards AFB, AF Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Nakles, Michael R.] ERC Inc, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hargus, WA (reprint author), Edwards AFB, AF Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM william.hargus@edwards.af.mil; michael.nakles@edwards.af.mil NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1989 EP 1997 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2003967 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378ZG UT WOS:000261363100004 ER PT J AU Cho, M Garrett, HB Hilgers, A Lai, ST Payan, D Roussel, JF AF Cho, Mengu Garrett, Henry B. Hilgers, Alain Lai, Shu T. Payan, Denis Roussel, Jean-Francois TI Special Issue on Spacecraft Charging Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cho, Mengu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Garrett, Henry B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hilgers, Alain] European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Lai, Shu T.] AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Payan, Denis] CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Roussel, Jean-Francois] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-31055 Toulouse 4, France. RP Cho, M (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2218 EP 2218 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2006198 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378ZH UT WOS:000261363200001 ER PT J AU Badiru, A AF Badiru, Adedeji TI Contesting NAFTA SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Badiru, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 10 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA V18MI UT WOS:000208008500002 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Orejudos, MP Jain, R Mariappan, MR Hecht, JL Renshaw, IL Hileeto, D Wang, SA Ghofrani, M Liang, SX AF Fadare, Oluwole Orejudos, Michael P. Jain, Reena Mariappan, M. Rajan Hecht, Jonathan L. Renshaw, Idris L. Hileeto, Denise Wang, Sa A. Ghofrani, Mohiedean Liang, Sharon X. TI A comparative analysis of lymphatic vessel density in ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential (borderline tumors) with and without lymph node involvement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE serous; ovarian; ovary; lymph node; borderline; tumors of low malignant potential; D2-40; lymphatic vessel density ID GROWTH FACTOR-C; MULLERIAN INCLUSION CYSTS; FOLLOW-UP; GLANDULAR INCLUSIONS; LYMPHANGIOGENESIS; METASTASIS; MICROINVASION; CANCER; ORIGIN; VEGF AB Lymph node involvement is seen in approximately one quarter of women with surgically staged ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential (serous borderline tumors), and this finding apparently does not adversely impact their overall survival. To help illuminate some of the pathomechanisms underlying this novel phenomenon, in which a largely noninvasive epithelial neoplasm is able to exit its primary site and be transported to lymph nodes with such a substantial frequency, we investigated whether significant differences in lymphatic vessel density exist between ovarian serous borderline tumors that show lymph node involvement and those that do not. The lymphatic vessel density of 13 conventional ovarian serous borderline tumors (i.e. tumors without stromal microinvasion, micropapillary/cribriform areas, or invasive implants) with at least 1 positive lymph node (study group) was compared with the lymphatic vessel density of an age- and disease extent matched control group of 13 similarly selected lymph node-negative ovarian serous borderline tumors. Lymphatic vessel density was determined by counting the total number of vascular spaces immunohistochemically stained by the lymphatic endothelium marker D2-40 in 5 consecutive microscopic fields ( x 20 objective, field area of 1 microscopic field, 0.95 mm(2)) in the most vessel-dense areas and calculating the average value per microscopic field. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density was significantly higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density,in both groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the study and control groups regarding intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (8.0 vs. 7.61- P=0.77), peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (20.33 vs. 21.0; P=0.79), or combined, that is, peritumoral plus intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (27.81 vs. 28.62; P=0.83). Our findings, in conjunction with others in the medical literature, do not support a role for tumor lymphatics in nodal metastasis in this neoplasm. We discuss the possibility that nodal deposits may represent metastatic disease from secondary tumor implants. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Orejudos, Michael P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Orejudos, Michael P.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Orejudos, Michael P.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Jain, Reena] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA. [Mariappan, M. Rajan; Hecht, Jonathan L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mariappan, M. Rajan; Hecht, Jonathan L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. [Mariappan, M. Rajan] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Matrix Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Renshaw, Idris L.] Vanguard Pathol Associates, Austin, TX USA. [Hileeto, Denise] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Ghofrani, Mohiedean] SW Washington Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Vancouver, WA USA. [Liang, Sharon X.] SUNY Stony Brook, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 44 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1097/PGP.0b013e3181742d7c PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 352QX UT WOS:000259513500003 PM 18753975 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Mitchel, WC Grazulis, L Carlin, JA Mahalingam, K Jallipalli, A Balakrishnan, G Huffaker, D Elhamri, S AF Eyink, Kurt G. Tomich, David H. Mitchel, William C. Grazulis, Lawrence Carlin, John A. Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Jallipalli, Anitha Balakrishnan, Ganesh Huffaker, Diana Elhamri, Said TI Electrical and structural characterization of a single GaSb/InAs/GaSb quantum well grown on GaAs using interface misfit dislocations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SI(100) SUBSTRATE; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MU-M; ARRAYS AB Interface misfit formation has been used for the growth of high mobility GaSb/InAs single quantum wells (SQW) formed on GaAs substrates. The SQW structure was topped with 800 A GaSb, followed by 100 A GaSb:Si (5x10(8) cm(-3)), 10 nm GaSb, 10 nm InAs, and finally 250 nm GaSb on a GaAs substrate. The structural quality was examined using high resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Reciprocal space mapping indicated that the GaSb was completely relaxed. A high resolution x-ray rocking curve showed good agreement between the proposed structure and the simulation, assuming that all layers were relaxed to the GaSb lattice, and clearly showed interference fringing from individual layers. Atomic force microscopy showed the film appeared textured, and that the final growth occurred by step flow growth. The observed peak-to-peak roughness was 7 nm over a 100x100 mu m(2) square area. Plane view transmission electron microscopy analysis showed a nearly regular array of Lomer dislocations responsible for the relaxation of the strain in the two films. The mobility of the SQW was measured as a function of temperature. The room temperature mobility was 13 900 cm(2)/V s and a peak mobility of 25 200 cm(2)/V s was observed at similar to 60 K, and remained nearly constant at lower temperatures. The sheet concentration was 2.3x10(12)/cm(2) at room temperature, and dropped to 7.35x10(11)/cm(2) at 60 K. Magnetoresistance measurements revealed the presence of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at 1.2 K; indicating the presence of a good quality two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Further support for the high quality of the 2DEG is provided by the observation of sharply defined quantum Hall plateaus. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2982277] C1 [Eyink, Kurt G.; Tomich, David H.; Mitchel, William C.; Grazulis, Lawrence; Carlin, John A.; Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jallipalli, Anitha; Huffaker, Diana] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Balakrishnan, Ganesh; Huffaker, Diana] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif Nano Syst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huffaker, Diana] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kurt.eyink@wpafb.af.mil RI balakrishnan, ganesh/F-7587-2011 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 7 AR 074901 DI 10.1063/1.2982277 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361KC UT WOS:000260125500153 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Growth optimization for low residual carriers in undoped midinfrared InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; OPERATING TEMPERATURE; II SUPERLATTICES; DETECTORS; INTERFACE AB Reducing residual background carriers in InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) is an essential task to increase the operating temperature of photoconductive devices. This paper discusses how low-temperature Hall measurements were used to tune several SL growth parameters for the minimum residual carriers in a typical midinfrared 21 angstrom InAs/24 angstrom GaSb SLs designed for the 4 mu m cutoff wavelength. Among the three growth parameters studied, neither growth temperature nor in situ postannealing significantly affected the intrinsic carrier type and doping concentration. The lowest carrier density of 1.8x10(11) cm(-2) was achieved at 400 degrees C. All SLs grown at 400 degrees C maintained the lowest density around 1.6x10(11) cm(-2) with or without postannealing. However, in-plane carrier mobility showed a slight improvement with annealing, especially at temperatures above 450 degrees C. The growth parameter most sensitive to the carrier density was interface control. With a minor variation in interface shutter sequence, the carrier density dramatically increased from similar to 2x10(11) to 5x10(12) cm(-2), and the corresponding mobility dropped from 6600 to 26 cm(2)/V s, indicating dramatic degradation of interfacial quality. All SLs investigated in this study were residually p-type. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2993748] C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Elhamri, S.; Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 7 AR 073111 DI 10.1063/1.2993748 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361KC UT WOS:000260125500012 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F. Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. TI Analysis of (110) indium arsenide-gallium antimonide superlattices for infrared detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE-ROUGHNESS SCATTERING; QUANTUM-WELLS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; BAND-STRUCTURE; PHOTODIODES; GAAS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; MIGRATION AB This paper presents an analysis of indium arsenide-gallium antimonide (InAs/GaSb) (110)-grown superlattices for use as infrared detectors. The analysis shows that InAs/GaSb superlattices grown on (110)-oriented substrates can be grown thinner, have higher mobilities, longer diffusion lengths, greater quantum efficiencies, and gains, thus higher responsivities, than those grown on (100)-oriented substrates for the same long wavelength threshold. Based on growth studies to date, (110) superlattices should also have higher minority carrier lifetimes, lower noise, and lower residual carrier densities, thus higher detectivities. The calculated electronic structure of a (110)-oriented superlattice based on the 8x8 envelope-function approximation shows the bands to be anisotropic and the oscillator strengths to be polarization dependent. Recommended layer widths for specific absorption thresholds are calculated. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2990003] C1 [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, H. J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 FU Air Force [FA8650-06-D-5401] FX F. S. was supported by the Air Force (Contract No. FA8650-06-D-5401). NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 7 AR 074505 DI 10.1063/1.2990003 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361KC UT WOS:000260125500144 ER PT J AU Dunion, JP Marron, CS AF Dunion, Jason P. Marron, Christopher S. TI A Reexamination of the Jordan Mean Tropical Sounding Based on Awareness of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE; ATLANTIC AB The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea since 1958. However, recent studies of the Saharan air layer (SAL) have suggested that the tropical atmosphere in these oceanic regions may contain two distinct soundings (SAL and non-SAL) with differing thermodynamic and kinematic structures and that a single mean sounding like Jordan's does not effectively represent these differences. This work addresses this possibility by examining over 750 rawinsondes from the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the 2002 hurricane season. It was found that a two-peak bimodal moisture distribution (dry SAL and moist non-SAL) exists in this region and that the Jordan sounding does not represent either distribution particularly well. Additionally, SAL soundings exhibited higher values of geopotential height, unique temperature profiles, and stronger winds (with an enhanced easterly component) compared to the moist tropical non-SAL soundings. The results of this work suggest that the Jordan mean tropical sounding may need to be updated to provide a more robust depiction of the thermodynamics and kinematics that exist in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the hurricane season. C1 [Dunion, Jason P.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dunion, Jason P.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Marron, Christopher S.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dunion, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jason.dunion@noaa.gov RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 NR 12 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 20 BP 5242 EP 5253 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1868.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359TY UT WOS:000260012200005 ER PT J AU Usadi, RS Groll, JM Lessey, BA Lininger, RA Zaino, RJ Fritz, MA Young, SL AF Usadi, Rebecca S. Groll, Jeremy M. Lessey, Bruce A. Lininger, Ruth A. Zaino, Richard J. Fritz, Marc A. Young, Steven L. TI Endometrial development and function in experimentally induced luteal phase deficiency SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; CORPUS-LUTEUM; PROGESTERONE RESISTANCE; UTERINE RECEPTIVITY; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; FERTILE WOMEN; WINDOW; HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA; ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA AB Context: It is generally assumed that delayed endometrial development observed in luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is the result of abnormally low progesterone (P) levels. This hypothesis has never been tested by direct experiment. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of P concentrations on human endometrium. Design and Setting: A randomized trial was conducted at an academic medical center. Subjects: Twenty-nine healthy, ovulatory 18- to 35-yr-old women participated. Intervention: Endometrial samples were obtained from women in natural cycles and two groups of experimentally modeled cycles. Women undergoing modeled cycles were treated with GnRH agonist and a fixed physiological dose of transdermal estradiol, followed by randomization to 10 or 40 mg daily im P administration to achieve either normal circulating luteal P or 4-fold lower P concentrations, the latter representing an experimental model of LPD. Main Outcome Measures: Tissue specimens, obtained after 10 days of P exposure, were analyzed by histological dating, immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Histological dating of endometrium, immunohistochemistry for endometrial integrins, and qRT-PCR analysis for nine putative functional markers showed no differences between the three groups. Preliminary data from Western analysis suggest that some proteins may be affected by low serum P concentrations. Conclusions: Histological endometrial dating does not reflect circulating P concentrations and cannot serve as a reliable bioassay of the quality of luteal function. Assessment of selected functional markers by either immunohistochemistry or qRT-PCR is similarly insensitive to decreased circulating P. Preliminary evidence suggests that abnormally low luteal phase serum P concentrations may have important functional consequences not otherwise detected. C1 [Usadi, Rebecca S.] Carolinas Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. [Groll, Jeremy M.] USAF, Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lessey, Bruce A.] Greenville Gen Hosp, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Greenville, SC 29605 USA. [Lininger, Ruth A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fritz, Marc A.; Young, Steven L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Fertil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zaino, Richard J.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Usadi, RS (reprint author), Carolinas Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, POB 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. EM Rebecca.Usadi@carolinashealthcare.org FU Nova Carta Foundation; Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD/NIH [U54HD035041-11] FX Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Rebecca S. Usadi, M. D., Carolinas Medical Center, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, P. O. Box 32861, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861. E-mail: Rebecca. Usadi@carolinashealthcare.org.; This work was supported by Nova Carta Foundation. This research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD/NIH through cooperative agreement U54HD035041-11 as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction and Infertility Research.; Disclosure Statement: R.U., J.G., B.L., R.L., R.Z., and S.Y. have nothing to declare. M. F. received grant support from Serono for prior research and royalties as a textbook coauthor. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 93 IS 10 BP 4058 EP 4064 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-0460 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 358FY UT WOS:000259903700058 PM 18647810 ER PT J AU Grimm, CJW AF Grimm, Capt Jason Wade TI SEPTEMBER 11TH SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grimm, Capt Jason Wade] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Grimm, CJW (reprint author), 13000 Vista Norte,1425, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. EM jasonwgrimm@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2008.01.006 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 363MJ UT WOS:000260271100013 ER PT J AU Roy, S Singh, S Schoeppner, GA AF Roy, Samit Singh, Sushil Schoeppner, Gregory A. TI Modeling of evolving damage in high temperature polymer matrix composites subjected to thermal oxidation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stretching the Endurance Boundary of Composite Materials - Pushing the Performance Limit of Composite Structures CY SEP 23-28, 2007 CL Isl Madeira, PORTUGAL SP EPSRC, NSF ID GROWTH AB This paper describes mechanism-based modeling of damage evolution in high temperature polymer matrix composites (HTPMC) under thermo-oxidative aging conditions. Specifically, a multi-scale model based on micro-mechanics analysis in conjunction with continuum damage mechanics (CDM) is developed to simulate the accelerated fiber-matrix debond growth in the longitudinal direction of a unidirectional HTPMC. Using this approach, one can relate the behavior of composites at the micro-level (representative volume element) to the macro-level (structural element) in a computationally tractable manner. Thermo-oxidative aging is simulated with diffusion-reaction model in which temperature, oxygen concentration, and weight loss effects are considered. For debond growth simulation, a model based on Darcy's laws for oxygen permeation in the fiber-matrix interface is employed, that, when coupled with polymer shrinkage, provides a mechanism for permeation-controlled debond growth in HTPMC. Benchmark of model prediction with experimental observations of oxidation layer growth is presented, together with a laminate thermo-oxidative life prediction model based on CDM to demonstrate proof-of-concept. C1 [Roy, Samit; Singh, Sushil] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Schoeppner, Gregory A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Struct Mat Branch MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM sroy@eng.ua.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6651 EP 6660 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2691-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 367AT UT WOS:000260525600010 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Tandon, GP Schoeppner, GA AF Putthanarat, S. Tandon, G. P. Schoeppner, G. A. TI Influence of aging temperature, time, and environment on thermo-oxidative behavior of PMR-15: nanomechanical characterization SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stretching the Endurance Boundary of Composite Materials - Pushing the Performance Limit of Composite Structures CY SEP 23-28, 2007 CL Isl Madeira, PORTUGAL SP EPSRC, NSF ID SENSING INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; MICRO-INDENTATION; NANO-INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; OXIDATION; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; HARDNESS; RESIN AB A series of PMR-15 resin specimens were isothermally aged at 288, 316, and 343 degrees C over a range of time. For PMR-15 aged at 288 degrees C, the samples were also subjected to different aging environments including: ambient air, dry air, inert (argon), and pressurized air (0.414 MPa). Nanoindentation was performed to characterize localized mechanical properties as well as the development and growth of the oxidative layer. The measured increase in stiffness in the specimen surface oxidation layer is a manifestation of the chemical changes in the polymer occurring during oxidation. The average elastic modulus in the oxidized region is relatively insensitive to variations in aging temperature, time, and the environments. The thickness of the oxidative layer is observed to increase in the early stages of oxidation and the oxidation process eventually approaches an auto-retardation state. Aging under elevated pressure increases the thickness growth rate of the oxidation layer, while there is no significant difference in growth rate for specimens aged in dry air versus those aged in ambient air. It is shown that the measured average thickness of the oxidation layer and the transition region determined by the nanoindenter is in good agreement with optical microscopy measurements for all conditions considered. C1 [Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBC, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Putthanarat, S.; Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Schoeppner, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBC, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Greg.Schoeppner@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6714 EP 6723 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2800-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 367AT UT WOS:000260525600017 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Koutsoukos, P Baek, SS AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Koutsoukos, P. Baek, S. S. TI Effects of environment on creep behavior of two oxide/oxide ceramic-matrix composites at 1200 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stretching the Endurance Boundary of Composite Materials - Pushing the Performance Limit of Composite Structures CY SEP 23-28, 2007 CL Isl Madeira, PORTUGAL SP EPSRC, NSF ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; CRACK-PROPAGATION; STRESS-CORROSION; STATIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE; GLASS; EXPOSURE; DESIGN; GROWTH AB The tensile creep behavior of two oxide/oxide ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air, in steam, and in argon. The composites consist of a porous oxide matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, have no interface between the fiber and matrix, and rely on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The matrix materials were alumina and aluminosilicate. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties were measured at 1200 degrees C. Tensile creep behavior of both CMCs was examined for creep stresses in the 80-150 MPa range. Creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was achieved in air and in argon for stress levels <= 100 MPa for both composites. The retained strength and modulus of all specimens that achieved run-out were evaluated. The presence of steam accelerated creep rates and reduced creep life of both CMCs. In the case of the composite with the aluminosilicate matrix, no-load exposure in steam at 1200 degrees C caused severe degradation of tensile strength. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Poor creep performance of both composites in steam is attributed to the degradation of the fibers and densification of the matrix. Results indicate that the aluminosilicate matrix is considerably more susceptible to densification and coarsening of the porosity than the alumina matrix. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Koutsoukos, P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, S. S.] Agcy Def Dev, Taejon 300600, South Korea. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6734 EP 6746 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2784-x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 367AT UT WOS:000260525600019 ER PT J AU Lair, AV AF Lair, Alan V. TI Large solutions of mixed sublinear/superlinear elliptic equations SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE entire solution; large solution; elliptic equation; sublinear; superlinear ID EXISTENCE AB We consider the equation Delta u = p(chi)u(alpha) +q(chi)u(beta) on R-N (N >= 3) where p, q are nonnegative continuous functions and 0 < alpha <= beta . We establish conditions sufficient to ensure the existence and nonexistence of nonnegative entire large solutions of the equation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.lair@afit.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 346 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.05.047 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 320EI UT WOS:000257216100011 ER PT J AU Shah, SR Chokshi, AH Raj, R AF Shah, Sandeep R. Chokshi, Atul H. Raj, Rishi TI Porous Al(2)O(3)-Spinel Based Polycrystals That Resist Free-Sintering SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POWDER COMPACTS; GRAIN-GROWTH; ALUMINA; DEFORMATION AB We show that increasing MgO content in Al(2)O(3) from 0.25 to 10 wt% has a remarkable effect on the sintering behavior. While 0.25 wt% specimens sinter to near full density, the higher weight percent sample could be sintered to a maximum of 92% relative density even when held for 24 h at 1673 K. The resistance of the pores to sintering is ascribed to a reduction in the driving force for sintering (rather than to kinetics). The volume fraction of the pores increases with the fraction of the spinel phase, which forms by a reaction between magnesia and alumina. These findings raise the promise of membranes that can be tailored for pore size and pore volume, for high temperature applications. C1 [Raj, Rishi] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shah, Sandeep R.] USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, CAStLE, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Chokshi, Atul H.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Raj, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rishi.raj@colorado.edu OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 FU Department of Science and Technology, India; Division of Materials Research at the National Science Foundation; University of Colorado by the Council of Research and Creative Work FX This research was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, India, and by the Division of Materials Research at the National Science Foundation, and by the University of Colorado by the Council of Research and Creative Work through a Faculty Fellowship program. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 91 IS 10 BP 3451 EP 3454 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02622.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 359FQ UT WOS:000259972200062 ER PT J AU Peale, RE Lopatiuk, O Cleary, J Santos, S Henderson, J Clark, D Chernyak, L Winningham, TA Del Barco, E Heinrich, H Buchwald, WR AF Peale, R. E. Lopatiuk, O. Cleary, J. Santos, S. Henderson, J. Clark, D. Chernyak, L. Winningham, T. A. Del Barco, E. Heinrich, H. Buchwald, W. R. TI Propagation of high-frequency surface plasmons on gold SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; FAST ELECTRONS; NOBLE-METALS; EMISSION; FILMS AB Propagation of surface plasmons on gold in the range 2.8-3.5 eV over 0.1-1.6 mu m distances was characterized by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. Surface plasmons were excited by an electron beam near a grating milled in the gold. The spectra of outcoupled radiation reveal increasingly strong propagation losses as surface plasmon energy increases above 2.8 eV, but little effect in the range 1.6-2.8 eV. These results are in partial agreement with theoretical expectations. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Peale, R. E.; Lopatiuk, O.; Cleary, J.; Santos, S.; Henderson, J.; Clark, D.; Chernyak, L.; Winningham, T. A.; Del Barco, E.; Heinrich, H.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Peale, R. E.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Heinrich, H.] Univ Cent Florida, AMPAC, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Buchwald, W. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM peale@mail.ucf.edu RI Tirpak, Olena/H-3163-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task [06SN05COR]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA871806C0076] FX The authors acknowledge funding for this work provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task 06SN05COR and Air Force Research Laboratory contract FA871806C0076. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1708 EP 1713 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.001708 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 366TN UT WOS:000260506400021 ER PT J AU Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA AF Sun, G. Khurgin, J. B. Soref, R. A. TI Plasmonic light-emission enhancement with isolated metal nanoparticles and their coupled arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB We present a systematic study of the enhancement of radiative efficiency of light-emitting matter achieved by proximity to metal nanoparticles. Our goal is to ascertain the limits of the attainable enhancement. Two separate arrangements of metal nanoparticles are studied, namely isolated particles and an array of particles. The method of analysis is based on the effective mode volume theory. Using the example of an InGaN/GaN quantum-well active region positioned in close proximity to Ag nanospheres, we obtain optimal parameters for the nanoparticles for maximum attainable enhancement. Our results show that while the enhancement due to isolated metal nanoparticles is significant, only modest enhancement can be achieved with an ordered array. We further conclude that a random assembly of isolated particles holds an advantage over the ordered arrays for light-emitting devices of finite area. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorote, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support of this work. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1748 EP 1755 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.001748 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 366TN UT WOS:000260506400026 ER PT J AU Kota, KM Chow, LC Du, J Kapat, JS Leland, Q Harris, R AF Kota, Krishna M. Chow, Louis C. Du, Jianhua Kapat, Jayanta S. Leland, Quinn Harris, Richard TI Design of a Dual Latent Heat Sink for Pulsed Electronic Systems SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; EXCHANGER; MODES AB A conceptual design of a dual latent heat sink basically intended for low thermal duty cycle electronic heat sink applications is presented. In addition to the concept, end-application-dependent criteria to select an optimized design for this dual latent heat sink are presented. A thermal resistance model has been developed to analyze and optimize the design, which would also serve as a fast design tool for experiments. The model showed that it is possible to have a dual latent heat sink design capable of handling 7 MJ of thermal load at a heat flux of 500 W/cm(2) (over an area of 100 cm(2)) with a volume of 0.072 m(3) and a weight of about 57.5 kg. It was also found that, with such high heat flux absorption capability, the proposed conceptual design can have a vapor-to-condenser temperature difference of less than 10 degrees C with a volume storage density of 97 MJ/m(3) and a mass storage density of 0.122 MJ/kg. C1 [Kota, Krishna M.; Chow, Louis C.; Du, Jianhua; Kapat, Jayanta S.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Leland, Quinn] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harris, Richard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio FX The authors wish to sincerely thank Michele Puterbaugh, the program manager at Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio, for funding the work. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.2514/1.34998 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 361PQ UT WOS:000260140000004 ER PT J AU Riey, GF Warren, JL Potosky, AL Klabunde, CN Harlan, LC Osswald, MB AF Riey, Gerald F. Warren, Joan L. Potosky, Arnold L. Klabunde, Carrie N. Harlan, Linda C. Osswald, Michael B. TI Comparison of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Medicare Fee-for-Service and Managed Care Plans SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE managed care; cancer diagnosis; cancer treatment; Medicare ID STAGE BREAST-CANCER; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LOCALIZED PROSTATE-CANCER; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RADIATION-THERAPY; COLON-CANCER; HEALTH-CARE; HMO SETTINGS AB Objective: To compare the Medicare managed care(MC) and fee-for-service (FFS) sectors on stage at diagnosis and treatment patterns for prostate, female breast, and colorectal cancers, and no examine patterns across MC plans. Data: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data. Methods: Among cases diagnosed at ages 65-79 between 1998 and 2002, we selected all MC enrollees (n = 42,467) and beneficiaries in FFS (n = 82,998) who resided in the same counties. MC and FFS samples were compared using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic, geographic and clinical covariates. Results: The percentage of late stage cases was similar in MC and FFS for prostate and colorectal cancers; there were slightly fewer late stage breast cancer cases in MC after adjustment (7.3% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001). Within MC, radical prostatectomy was performed less frequently for clinically localized prostate cancer (18.3% vs 22.4%, P < 0.0001), and 12 or more lymph nodes were examined less often for resected colon cancer cases (40.9% vs 43.0%, P < 0.05). Treatment patterns for early stage breast cancer were similar in MC and FFS. Analyses of treatment patterns at the individual plan level revealed significant variation among plans, as well as within the FFS sector, for all 3 types of cancer. Conclusions: On average, there are few significant differences in cancer diagnosis and treatment MC and FFS. Such comparisons, however mask the wide variability among MC plans, as well as FFS providers. Observed variation in patterns of care may be related to patient selection, but can potentially lead to outcome differences. These findings support the need for quality measures toe evaluate plan practices and performance. C1 [Riey, Gerald F.] Ctr Medicare, Off Res Dev & Informat, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. [Riey, Gerald F.] Ctr Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. [Warren, Joan L.; Potosky, Arnold L.; Klabunde, Carrie N.; Harlan, Linda C.] NCI, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Osswald, Michael B.] USAF, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Riey, GF (reprint author), Ctr Medicare, Off Res Dev & Informat, 7500 Secur Blvd,Mail Stop C3-21-27, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. EM Gerald.riley@cms.hhs.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1108 EP 1115 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 358IF UT WOS:000259909700018 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Rajnik, M Roscelli, JD AF Cieslak, Theodore J. Rajnik, Michael Roscelli, John D. TI Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae Type B Fails to Prevent Orbital and Facial Cellulitis: Results of a 25-Year Study among Military Children SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; DISEASE; FINLAND; HIB AB Vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B (HI) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) have dramatically reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis (due to both HI and SP) and epiglottitis (due to HI) in childhood. The effects of these vaccines on other conditions, however, are less clear. We report an analysis of the effect of serial deployment of various HI and SP vaccines over a 25-year period, involving an examination of: over half a million pediatric hospitalizations Occurring in Army hospitals worldwide. We show that, in marked contrast to the reduction in the number of meningitis and epiglottitis cases, the disease burden of orbital and facial cellulitis-conditions oft attributed to HI and SP-did not diminish. C1 [Cieslak, Theodore J.; Rajnik, Michael; Roscelli, John D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, COTPER, MS D-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TRCO@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 173 IS 10 BP 941 EP 944 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360ZJ UT WOS:000260097000002 PM 19160609 ER PT J AU Beesley, RD Robinson, RD Stewart, TL AF Beesley, Ronald D. Robinson, Randal D. Stewart, Theresa L. TI Two Successful Vaginal Births after Cesarean Section in a Patient with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Who Was Treated with 1-Deamino-8-Arginine-Vasopression during Labor SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLATELET-FUNCTION; ALBINISM; DISEASE AB We describe the obstetric management for a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) and a previous cesarean delivery. The disease is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, platelet storage dysfunction, and lipofuscin deposits in the reticuloendothelial system. Patients with the disorder are at high risk for major morbidity secondary to bleeding complications. The patient was a 22-year-old military Spouse from Puerto Rico with HPS and a history of severe hemorrhage during cesarean delivery of her first child. In this report, we discuss the pathophysiologic features of HPS and the prophylactic administration of 1-deamino-8-arginine-vasopression during labor to minimize blood loss. C1 [Beesley, Ronald D.] Univ Vermont, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Robinson, Randal D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Stewart, Theresa L.] Texas Perinatal Grp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Beesley, RD (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 173 IS 10 BP 1048 EP 1049 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360ZJ UT WOS:000260097000022 PM 19160629 ER PT J AU Kim, MJ Chatterjee, S Kim, SM Stach, EA Bradley, MG Pender, MJ Sneddon, LG Maruyama, B AF Kim, Myung Jong Chatterjee, Shahana Kim, Seung Min Stach, Eric A. Bradley, Mark G. Pender, Mark J. Sneddon, Larry G. Maruyama, Benji TI Double-Walled Boron Nitride Nanotubes Grown by Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BN NANOTUBES; STABILITY AB One-dimensional nanostructures exhibit quantum confinement which leads to unique electronic properties, making them attractive as the active elements for nanoscale electronic devices. Boron nitride nanotubes are of particular interest since, unlike carbon nanotubes, all chiralities are semiconducting. Here, we report a synthesis based on the use of low pressures of the molecular precursor borazine in conjunction with a floating nickelocene catalyst that resulted in the formation of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes. As has been shown for carbon nanotube production, the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method has the potential for creating high quality boron nitride nanostructures with high production volumes. C1 [Kim, Myung Jong; Pender, Mark J.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Myung Jong; Chatterjee, Shahana; Bradley, Mark G.; Sneddon, Larry G.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kim, Myung Jong] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lsneddon@sas.upenn.edu; Benji.Maruyama@wpafb.af.mil RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 FU AFOSR, Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F33615-03-D-5801]; Army Research Office FX Authors gratefully acknowledge support from the AFOSR, Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the UTC contract (Collaborative Research and Development (CR&D) F33615-03-D-5801). S.M.K and E.A.S. acknowledge additional support from the Army Research Office. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3298 EP 3302 DI 10.1021/nl8016835 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 358HD UT WOS:000259906800041 PM 18788828 ER PT J AU Robinson, B Gary, GA Balasubramaniam, KS AF Robinson, Brian Gary, G. Allen Balasubramaniam, K. S. TI Evolution strategies optimization of the multiple Fabry-Perot imaging interferometer for the advanced technology solar telescope SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical design; evolutionary computation; Fabry-Perot etalons; solar astronomy instrumentation AB We describe an evolutionary algorithm for the design of an imaging triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer (MFPI), which gives a solution to the multidimensional minimization process through a stochastic search method. The interactions between design variables (the etalon reflectances, interetalon ghost attenuator transmittances, and spacing ratios) are complex, resulting in a fitness landscape that is pitted with local optima. Traditional least-squares and gradient descent algorithms are not useful in such a situation. Instead, we employ a method called evolution strategies in which several preliminary designs are randomly generated subject to constraints. These designs are combined in pairs to produce offspring designs. The offspring population is mutated randomly, and only the fittest designs of the combined population are passed to the next iteration of the evolutionary process. We discuss the evolution strategies method itself, as well as its application to the specific problem of the design of an incoherently coupled triple-etalon interferometer intended for use as a focal plane instrument in the planned National Solar Observatory's Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (NSO's ATST). The algorithm converges quickly to a reasonable design that is well within the constraints imposed on the design variables, and which fulfills all resolution, signal-to-noise, throughput, and parasitic band suppression requirements. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3002337] C1 [Robinson, Brian] Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Robinson, Brian] Univ Alabama, ATST Project Natl Solar Observ, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gary, G. Allen] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Robinson, B (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, 301 Sparkman Dr,Opt Bldg Room 400, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM robinsob@uah.edu RI Robinson, Brian/A-7805-2009 FU National Solar Observatory; University of Alabama in Huntsville FX This work was supported by the National Solar Observatory and the University of Alabama in Huntsville. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 AR 103002 DI 10.1117/1.3002337 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 377RE UT WOS:000261267500005 ER PT J AU Robinson, BC Athwal, GS Sanchez-Sotelo, J Rispoli, DM AF Robinson, Ben C. Athwal, George S. Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin Rispoli, Damian M. TI Classification and Imaging of Proximal Humerus Fractures SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEER-CLASSIFICATION; INTEROBSERVER VARIATION; PLAIN RADIOGRAPHS; 4-PART FRACTURES; HEAD; REPRODUCIBILITY; SYSTEM; SHOULDER; CT; DISLOCATIONS AB The decision to operate and the selection of the appropriate surgical modality for proximal humerus fractures are largely based on the fracture pattern. Understanding the particular fracture pattern in each case is complicated. Most well-accepted classification systems were developed based on radiographs complemented by intraoperative findings. Three-dimensional reconstructions based on CT currently available in most institutions allow a much better understanding of complex fractures. Modern thinking about fracture classification probably should be revisited in the light of improved imaging techniques. C1 [Robinson, Ben C.; Rispoli, Damian M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Athwal, George S.] Univ Western Ontario, St Josephs Hlth Care, Hand & Upper Limb Ctr, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. [Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Rispoli, Damian M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rispoli, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM damian.rispoli@lackland.af.mil NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.ocl.2008.05.002 PG 11 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 363SX UT WOS:000260288200002 PM 18803970 ER PT J AU Mann, CR Baldwin, RO Kharoufeh, JP Mullins, BE AF Mann, Christopher R. Baldwin, Rusty O. Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. Mullins, Barry E. TI A queueing approach to optimal resource replication in wireless sensor networks SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE resource replication; search algorithms; wireless sensor networks ID LARGE-SCALE AB We develop a queueing model for analyzing resource replication strategies in wireless sensor networks. The model can be used to minimize either the total transmission rate of the network (an energy-centric approach) or to ensure the proportion of query failures does not exceed a predetermined threshold (a failure-centric approach). The model explicitly considers the limited availability of network resources, as well as the frequency of resource requests and query deadlines, to determine the optimal replication strategy for a network resource. While insufficient resource replication increases query failures and transmission rates, replication levels beyond the optimum result in only marginal decreases in the proportion of query failures at a cost of higher total energy expenditure and network traffic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mann, Christopher R.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Baldwin, RO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.mann@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; jkharouf@pitt.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5316 EI 1872-745X J9 PERFORM EVALUATION JI Perform. Eval. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 65 IS 10 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.peva.2008.03.002 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 355NA UT WOS:000259714400001 ER PT J AU Pradipta, R Cohen, JA Lee, MC Labno, A Burton, LM Riddolls, RJ Batishchev, OV Coster, AJ Burke, WJ Starks, MJ Sulzer, MP Kuo, SP AF Pradipta, R. Cohen, J. A. Lee, M. C. Labno, A. Burton, L. M. Riddolls, R. J. Batishchev, O. V. Coster, A. J. Burke, W. J. Starks, M. J. Sulzer, M. P. Kuo, S. P. TI Space plasma disturbances caused by NAU-launched whistler waves SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond CY AUG 18-26, 2007 CL Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, ITALY HO Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ID LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; VLF TRANSMISSIONS; RADIATION BELT; IRREGULARITIES; ARECIBO; SIGNALS; HEATER AB Radio signals from Naval (NAU) transmitter in Puerto Rico can interact effectively with naturally occurring or HF heater wave-induced large-scale ionospheric irregularities, allowing them to propagate as whistler-modes in the ionosphere and to the inner radiation belts. NAU-generated whistler-modes have intensities sufficient to parametrically excite lower hybrid waves and ten-meter and meter-scale ionospheric irregularities over Arecibo. Subsequent heating of electrons and ions by the lower hybrid waves yield a sequence of ionospheric plasma effects such as airglow, short-scale density depletion and plasma line enhancements in a range of altitudes which far exceed that caused by the HF heater. Furthermore, they can interact with trapped energetic electrons in inner radiation belts at L = 1.35 and trigger precipitation of electrons into the lower ionosphere. We suggest that disturbances in the ionosphere above NAU caused by whistler-mode signals can significantly affect heater-induced perturbations and partially explain unique results obtained at other heater sites. C1 [Pradipta, R.; Cohen, J. A.; Lee, M. C.; Labno, A.; Burton, L. M.; Riddolls, R. J.; Batishchev, O. V.; Coster, A. J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, M. C.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Burke, W. J.; Starks, M. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Sulzer, M. P.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Kuo, S. P.] Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Pradipta, R (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mclee@mit.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL T132 AR 014031 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T132/014031 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 396HU UT WOS:000262583600032 ER PT J AU McClung, AJW Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF McClung, A. J. W. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. TI The rate (time)-dependent mechanical behavior of the PMR-15 thermoset polymer at elevated temperature SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE PMR-15; Creep; Stress relaxation; Rate sensitivity; Viscoplasticity; Viscoelasticity ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; FREE-VOLUME THEORY; RELAXATION BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; POLYCARBONATE; WEIGHT; STEEL AB The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at 288 degrees C. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate on tensile loading, unloading, and strain recovery behavior. In addition, the effect of the prior strain rate on the relaxation response of the material, as well as on the creep behavior following strain-controlled loading were examined. The material exhibits positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading. Nonlinear, "curved" stress-strain behavior during unloading is observed at all strain rates. The recovery of strain at zero stress is strongly affected by prior strain rate. The prior strain rate also has a profound influence on relaxation behavior. The rest stresses measured at the termination of relaxation tests form the relaxation boundary which resembles a nonlinear stress-strain curve. Likewise, creep response is significantly influenced by prior strain rate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McClung, A. J. W.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 EI 1873-2348 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7 BP 908 EP 914 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.07.007 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 358TX UT WOS:000259941500018 ER PT J AU Holt, DT Jung, HH AF Holt, Daniel T. Jung, Hee-Hyong TI DEVELOPMENT OF A KOREAN VERSION OF A CORE SELF-EVALUATIONS SCALE SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern-Management-Association CY 2007 CL Nashville, TN SP SE Management Assoc ID EXPLORATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; LIFE SATISFACTION; JOB-SATISFACTION; PERSONALITY AB The present Study tested a scale which measures core self-evaluation and was applied to two samples of Korean military members (Sample 1 N 181; Sample 2 N=280). Analysis indicated that seven items of the original 12-item scale developed by judge, Erez, Bono, and Thoresen loaded on one factor and were internally consistent. Moreover, scores were correlated, is expected, with the four core traits which have been used as indirect measures of core self-evaluations (viz., self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, neuroticism, and locus of control), as well as affect and job satisfaction. In sum, results Suggest that core self-evaluation can be measured validly in an Eastern culture, and the results should serve as a basis for extending this research in an international setting. C1 [Holt, Daniel T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.2466/PR0.103.2.415-425 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 379NH UT WOS:000261402800011 PM 19102465 ER PT J AU Branson, RD Rodriquez, D AF Branson, Richard D. Rodriquez, Dario TI Performance of Transport Ventilators SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Letter C1 [Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario] USAF, Ctr Sustaintment Trauma Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Branson, RD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1372 EP 1373 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 359LT UT WOS:000259988900020 PM 18812003 ER PT J AU Betancor, L Luckarift, HR AF Betancor, Lorena Luckarift, Heather R. TI Bioinspired enzyme encapsulation for biocatalysis SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLY-L-LYSINE; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; TEMPLATED SYNTHESIS; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; SYNTHESIZED SILICA; IN-VITRO; IMMOBILIZATION; ENTRAPMENT; MORPHOLOGY; BIOSILICA AB Biocatalysis exploits the versatility of enzymes to catalyse a variety of processes for the production of novel compounds and natural products. Enzyme immobilization enhances the stability and hence applicability of biomolecules as reusable and robust biocatalysts. Biomimetic mineralization reactions have emerged as a versatile tool for generating excellent supports for enzyme stabilization. The methodology utilizes biological templates and synthetic analogues to catalyse the formation of inorganic oxides. Such materials provide biocompatible environments for enzyme immobilization. The utility of the method is further enhanced by entraining and attaching encapsulated catalysts to a variety of supports. This review discusses biomimetic and bioinspired mineral formation as a technique for the immobilization of enzymes with potential application to a wealth of biocatalytic processes. C1 [Luckarift, Heather R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Betancor, Lorena] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM heather.luckarift.ctr@tyndall.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Science and Technology Office and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Material Science Directorate FX Much of the work summarized herein is the result of fruitful collaborations, and the authors acknowledge the researchers and colleagues who have made this research possible. H.R.L. is an employee of Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, OH. This work has been supported by funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Science and Technology Office and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Material Science Directorate. The authors wish to acknowledge Glenn R. Johnson (AFRL) and Jim C. Spain (Georgia Institute of Technology) for many useful discussions. NR 70 TC 177 Z9 183 U1 4 U2 108 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 10 BP 566 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.06.009 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 358SV UT WOS:000259938700007 PM 18757108 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Wheeler, R Zabinski, JS Shade, PA Shiveley, A Voevodin, AA AF Hu, J. J. Wheeler, R. Zabinski, J. S. Shade, P. A. Shiveley, A. Voevodin, A. A. TI Transmission electron microscopy analysis of Mo-W-S-Se film sliding contact obtained by using focused ion beam microscope and in situ microtribometer SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE in situ microtribometer; focused ion beam microscope; transmission electron microscopy; sliding contact; molybdenum sulfide; lubricant film; pulsed laser deposition ID CO-SPUTTERED COMPOSITES; SOLID LUBRICANT FILMS; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES; WEAR BEHAVIOR; COATINGS; MECHANISM; MICROSTRUCTURE AB To better understand the fundamentals of solid lubrication, microstructural analyses on the wear scar surface and contact interface of Mo-W-S-Se composite films produced by pulsed laser deposition were completed. Focused ion beam (FIB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to study the cross-sectional microstructure and chemistry of wear scars. In particular, a novel microtribometer was built for in situ tribological measurements within a FIB microscope. The sliding tip was welded in contact to the wear scar surface on the film under load by re-deposition of sputtering materials from the FIB cut of the tip. Using this technique, cross-sectional TEM specimens were prepared precisely at the contact point without tip/film separation. Here, the in situ FIB microtribometer is critically important for retaining the microstructure of lubricant films as formed at the sliding contact interface between the tip and film without separation. It provides the unique ability to stop sliding, section the contact, and reveal microstructural changes to that contact without disrupting the sliding interface. The cross-sectional TEM measurements were performed on the sliding contact interface for both the regions in contact and just past contact, and both the reorientation and recrystallization of lubricant films were revealed. C1 [Hu, J. J.; Wheeler, R.; Zabinski, J. S.; Shade, P. A.; Shiveley, A.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBT, Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way,Room 10, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. Thanks to A.J. Safriet and J.E. Bultman for technical support. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11249-008-9360-z PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 355HF UT WOS:000259699300007 ER PT J AU Sumner, N Jones, L AF Sumner, Nathan Jones, Lyell TI Multifocal neuropathy associated with West Nile virus infection SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sumner, Nathan] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sumner, N (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Nathan.Sumner@lackland.af.mil NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 71 IS 14 BP 1123 EP 1123 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000326964.26673.8e PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 354OO UT WOS:000259649100016 PM 18824678 ER PT J AU Starks, MJ Quinn, RA Ginet, GP Albert, JM Sales, GS Reinisch, BW Song, P AF Starks, M. J. Quinn, R. A. Ginet, G. P. Albert, J. M. Sales, G. S. Reinisch, B. W. Song, P. TI Illumination of the plasmasphere by terrestrial very low frequency transmitters: Model validation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERICALLY REFLECTED WHISTLERS; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; PLASMAPAUSE; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; DENSITY; FIELD; IONS AB A composite model of wave propagation from terrestrial very low frequency (VLF) transmitters has been constructed to estimate the wave normal angles and fields of whistler mode waves in the plasmasphere. The model combines a simulation of the fields in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, ionospheric absorption estimates, and geomagnetic field and plasma density models with fully three-dimensional ray tracing that includes refraction, focusing, and resonant damping. The outputs of this model are consistent with those of several previous, simpler simulations, some of which have underlying component models in common. A comparison of the model outputs to wavefield data from five satellites shows that away from the magnetic equator, all of the models systematically overestimate the median field strength in the plasmasphere owing to terrestrial VLF transmitters by about 20 dB at night and at least 10 dB during the day. In addition, wavefield estimates at L < 1.5 in the equatorial region appear to be about 15 dB too low, although measured fields there are extremely variable. Consideration of the models' similarities and differences indicates that this discrepancy originates in or below the ionosphere, where important physics (as yet not conclusively identified) is not being modeled. Adjustment of the low-altitude field estimates downward by constant factors brings the model outputs into closer agreement with satellite observations. It is concluded that past and future use of these widely employed trans-ionospheric VLF propagation models should be reevaluated. C1 [Starks, M. J.; Ginet, G. P.; Albert, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Quinn, R. A.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Sales, G. S.; Reinisch, B. W.; Song, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Starks, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 464,Room 405, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Michael.Starks@us.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU ITT Corporation, AES; Mark Sward of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Generous support for LFCOM was provided by Royden Rutherford of ITT Corporation, AES, and Mark Sward of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The authors wish to thank Tim Bell, Umran Inan, and Nikolai Lehtinen of Stanford University, Steven Cummer of Duke University, and Jacob Bortnik of UCLA for many helpful discussions in the course of this effort. The assistance of Bright Small and Matt Mattson of the U. S. Air Force and Dean Ascani of AER, Inc., in completing this work is much appreciated. Essential supercomputer resources were provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A9 AR A09320 DI 10.1029/2008JA013112 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353ZN UT WOS:000259608800002 ER PT J AU Altfeder, IB Chen, DM AF Altfeder, I. B. Chen, D. M. TI Anisotropic charge ordering on the gallium surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED HUBBARD-MODEL; DENSITY-WAVE; PHASE AB Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy of atomically flat Ga(001) islands revealed the 2D electronic superlattice composed of stripe domains. Tunnel spectroscopy of these surface electrons indicates the formation of a 2D charge-ordered state of Wigner-crystal type driven by competition of short-range and long-range Coulomb energies. At the boundaries of stripe domains the energy spectra exhibit splitting due to charged excitonic states and shift due to charge doping, altogether indicating the self-assembly of 1D hole stripes. The size distribution of stripe domains is broadened around 4a. C1 [Altfeder, I. B.; Chen, D. M.] Harvard Univ, Rowland Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Altfeder, IB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 13 AR 136405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.136405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 355AI UT WOS:000259680600050 PM 18851471 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Radzicki, AT Baek, SS Keller, KA AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Radzicki, A. T. Baek, S. S. Keller, K. A. TI Effect of loading rate on the monotonic tensile behavior and tensile strength of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite at 1200 degrees C SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); oxides; fibers; creep; high-temperature properties; mechanical properties ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; WATER-VAPOR; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FIBER COMPOSITES AB The influence of loading Fate on monotonic tensile behavior and tensile properties of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite was evaluated in laboratory air at 1200 degrees C. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. Tensile tests conducted at loading rates of 0.0025 and 25 MPa/s revealed a strong effect of rate on the stress-strain behavior as well as on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elastic modulus and failure strain. At 0.0025 MPa/s, increase in stress results in non-monotonic change in strain, with the rate of change of strain reversing its sign at stresses similar to 25 MPa/s. Several samples were subjected to additional heat treatments prior to testing in order to determine whether this unusual stress-strain behavior was an artifact of incomplete processing of fibers in the as-received material. The unusual material response in the 0-30MPa stress range was further investigated in creep tests conducted with the applied stresses <= 26 MPa. Negative creep (i.e. decrease in strain under constant stress) was observed. Porosity measurements indicate that a decrease in matrix porosity and matrix densification may be taking place in the N720/A composite exposed to 1200 degrees C at stresses <30 MPa for prolonged periods of time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Radzicki, A. T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, S. S.] Agcy Def Dev, Taejon 300600, South Korea. [Keller, K. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Dr. R.A. Kerans and Dr. T. Parthasarathy for many valuable discussions. The financial support of Dr. R. Sikorski and Dr. J. Zelina, Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory is highly appreciated. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 25 PY 2008 VL 492 IS 1-2 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.03.006 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 340KM UT WOS:000258644500013 ER PT J AU Zheng, QD Gupta, SK He, GS Tan, LS Prasad, PAN AF Zheng, Qingdong Gupta, Sandesh K. He, Guang S. Tan, Loon-Seng Prasad, Paras N. TI Synthesis, Characterization, Two-Photon Absorption, and Optical Limiting Properties of Ladder-Type Oligo-p-phenylene-Cored Chromophores SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; COMMON INTERMEDIATE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; DERIVATIVES; FLUORENE; FLUORESCENCE; POLYMER; DESIGN; DYES AB This paper reports on the two-photon absorption (TPA) and related up-converted emission properties of a novel series of chromophores containing ladder-type oligo-p-phenylenes with various pi-conjugation lengths. The design and synthesis of these ladder-type two-photon chromophores are first discussed. An increase in the pi-conjugated length of the ladder-type oligo-p-phenylene for these chromophores leads to an increase in TPA cross-section together with ail increased fluorescence quantum yield. These chromophores exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields because of the rigid planar structure of the ladder-type oligomers. The chromophore with ail enhanced TPA cross-section together with an increased fluorescence quantum yield would provide significant benefits for two-photon excited fluorescence based applications. An improved optical limiting behavior was also demonstrated using the ladder-type pentaphenylene cored chromophore. C1 [Zheng, Qingdong; Gupta, Sandesh K.; He, Guang S.; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zheng, QD (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM qzheng7@jhu.edu; pnprasad@buffalo.edu RI Zheng, Qingdong/G-7492-2011; Gupta, Sandesh/O-6135-2014; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Zheng, Qingdong/0000-0002-6324-0648 FU Chemistry and Life Sciences Directorate of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; John R. Oishei Foundation; Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences at University at Buffalo FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Chemistry and Life Sciences Directorate of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and in part by the John R. Oishei Foundation. Partial support from the center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences at University at Buffalo is also acknowledged. We thank Dr. Alexander Baev and Dr. Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy for helpful discussions. NR 49 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 23 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 18 BP 2770 EP 2779 DI 10.1002/adfm.200800419 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 358QQ UT WOS:000259933000015 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Slocik, JM Tsukruk, T Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Slocik, Joseph M. Tsukruk, Taisia Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Polyaminoacid-induced growth of metal nanoparticles on layer-by-layer templates SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLY-L-TYROSINE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; MEDIATED SYNTHESIS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; REDOX TECHNIQUE; ARRAYS; FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES AB We report on preparation of redox-active nanoscale layer-by-layer (LbL) films with polyaminoacid-decorated surfaces that serve for both nucleation and growth of uniformly distributed gold nanoparticles at ambient conditions. We found that a poly-L-tyrosine (pTyr), a synthetic polyaminoacid, was able to direct nanoparticle formation to solid, flexible, and patterned surfaces preventing particle agglomeration. The gold particles were 8 +/- 2 nm in diameter, surrounded by 3-6 nm polyaminoacid shell, and confined to the topmost polyaminoacid layer. The reported results on bioinspired gold formation can be readily expanded to any inorganic-selective surface and provide a simple, robust, and nontoxic method to obtain nonaggregated inorganic nanoparticles at ambient conditions. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Tsukruk, Taisia; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Office of Scientific Research and the Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by funding provided by the Air Office of Scientific Research and the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank Yolande Berta for HRTEM work and Hyunhyub Ko for technical assistance. NR 52 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 23 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 18 BP 5822 EP 5831 DI 10.1021/cm801475v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 349IR UT WOS:000259275000014 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Patnaik, SS Roy, AK Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Patnaik, Soumya S. Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. TI A molecular dynamics study of epoxy-based networks: Cross-linking procedure and prediction of molecular and material properties SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; RESINS AB Molecular modeling of thermosetting polymers has been presented with special emphasis on building atomistic models. Different approaches to build highly cross-linked polymer networks are discussed. A multistep relaxation procedure for relaxing the molecular topology during cross-linking is proposed. This methodology is then applied to an epoxy-based thermoset (EPON-862/DETDA). Several materials properties such as density, glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficient. and volume shrinkage during curing are calculated and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. Along with the material's properties, the simulations also highlight the distribution of molecular weight buildup and inception of gel point during the network formation. C1 [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Patnaik, Soumya S.; Roy, Ajit K.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM vikas.varshney@afmcx.net FU U.S. Air Force [F33615-030D-5801, 0059]; AFOSR FX This work was performed under U.S. Air Force Contract F33615-030D-5801, 0059. The lead two authors (Varshney and Patnaik) greatly appreciate partial funding from AFOSR in performing this work. The authors thank Dr. Tia Benson Tolle for pointing them to the problem and Dr. Taner Drama for his helpful discussions regarding the cross-linking procedure. NR 22 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 8 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 23 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6837 EP 6842 DI 10.1021/ma801153e PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 349KP UT WOS:000259280000038 ER PT J AU Hung, KM Cheng, TH Huang, WP Wang, KY Cheng, HH Sun, G Soref, RA AF Hung, K. M. Cheng, T. H. Huang, W. P. Wang, K. Y. Cheng, H. H. Sun, G. Soref, R. A. TI Electron tunneling in a strained n-type Si(1-x)Ge(x)/Si/Si(1-x)Ge(x) double-barrier structure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report electrical measurements on an n-type Si(1-x)Ge(x)/Si/Si(1-x)Ge(x) double-barrier structure grown on a partially relaxed Si(1-y)Ge(y) buffer layer. Resonance tunneling of Delta(4) band electrons is demonstrated. This is attributed to the strain splitting in the SiGe buffer layer where the Delta(4) band is lowest in energy at the electrode. Since the Delta(4) band electrons have a much lighter effective mass along the direction of tunneling current in comparison with that of the Delta(2) band electrons, this work presents an advantage over those SiGe resonant-tunneling diodes in which tunneling of Delta(2) band electrons is employed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Cheng, T. H.; Huang, W. P.; Wang, K. Y.; Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Cheng, T. H.; Huang, W. P.; Wang, K. Y.; Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hung, K. M.] Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hhcheng@ntu.edu.tw RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016 FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC 95-2112-M-002-050, NSC 972112- M-151-001-MY3]; AFOSR (USA) FX Financial support from the National Science Council, Taiwan (Grant Nos. NSC 95-2112-M-002-050 and NSC 972112- M-151-001-MY3) and AFOSR (USA) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 12 AR 123509 DI 10.1063/1.2991295 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 356SY UT WOS:000259799100102 ER PT J AU Cameron, G Palazotto, A AF Cameron, G. Palazotto, A. TI An evaluation of high velocity wear SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE high velocity wear; Holloman High Speed Test Track ID IMPACT; VALIDATION AB The Holloman High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) is a rocket-powered sled track facility used for testing a variety of hypervelocity aerospace applications at speeds approaching 3000 m/s. Research conducted at the HHSTT has to consider several features that result from the physics of high velocity. The feature of gouging has been noted to be a significant factor at speeds above 1.5 km/s. This characteristic has been studied in recent years by several authors including the senior author of this paper. Another feature that is always present is that of wear between the shoe and the rail resulting from their sporadic contact as the sled travels down the rail. This paper attempts to establish a proof concept that can eventually be extended into future understanding of wear at high velocities. The authors approached wear using two separate techniques. The first technique involves the use of equations that have been successfully used to represent wear at low speeds. This technique relies on the research of Lim and Ashby and the equations they developed to model the different modes of wear. Included in this technique is the use of Archard's wear equation. The second technique, completely independent of the first, relies on the physics of frictional movement displayed by a model produced using CTH, a hydrocode developed by Sandia National Laboratory for analyzing hypervelocity impact problems. This technique considers features that are potentially present in the overall phenomenon but are limited to the use of the code. The authors have found it necessary to make simplifying assumptions in both techniques, but the end result is a better appreciation of what is needed to put together a more accurate model of wear at high velocities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cameron, G.; Palazotto, A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 265 IS 7-8 BP 1066 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2008.02.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 325IA UT WOS:000257581400017 ER PT J AU Burtt, KD Sharma, RD AF Burtt, Kelly D. Sharma, Ramesh D. TI Near-resonant energy transfer from vibrationally excited OH(v), v=9, 8, 1 to CO(2) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS; OH; HYDROXYL; RELAXATION; ATMOSPHERE; REMOVAL; AIRGLOW; N2O AB The transfer of vibrational energy from chemiluminescent OH, produced predominately by the H + O(3)-> OH (v) + O(2) reaction, is of importance in modeling the airglow from the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Venus. We have calculated the energy transfer probability per collision as function of temperature for the near-resonant processes OH (v) + CO(2) (00001) -> OH(v-1) + CO(2) (mnpqr) for v = 1, 8, and 9 in the 100-350 K temperature range. We show that the measured room temperature values of the removal rate coefficient of OH(v = 9, 8) and OH(v = 1) by CO(2), are in agreement with the ones calculated for the vibration-to-vibration (VV) energy transfer (ET) processes OH (v) + CO(2) (00001) -> OH (v-1) + CO(2) (00011) and OH (1) + CO(2) (00001)-> OH (0) + CO(2) (1001 n) n = 1, 2, respectively. The emission from the latter levels of CO(2) in the terrestrial mesosphere is not self-absorbed leading to the possibility that these levels may be important contributors to the 4.3 mm emission. Our calculation favors the "Collisional Cascade'' model of vibrational energy transfer from OH to CO(2) that predicts about 50 times more radiation in the Martian Meinel bands over that predicted by the "Sudden Death'' model. These two models of Martian atmosphere predict vastly different steady-state populations of the vibrational levels of OH and should, because of the chemical reactions, of other trace species, e. g., H, O, and CO, as well. C1 [Burtt, Kelly D.; Sharma, Ramesh D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Burtt, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA's Geospace Science [SRT04-0002-0014] FX This research was performed while K. D. B. held a National Research Council Research Post-doctoral Associate Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This research was in part funded by NASA's Geospace Science program; award number SRT04-0002-0014. The authors are grateful to Richard A. Copeland, James A. Dodd, and Peter P. Wintersteiner for helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 18 AR L18102 DI 10.1029/2008GL035204 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 351AE UT WOS:000259395500006 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, DC Dong, YF Mosbacker, HL Brillson, LJ AF Fang, Z. -Q. Claflin, B. Look, D. C. Dong, Y. F. Mosbacker, H. L. Brillson, L. J. TI Surface traps in vapor-phase-grown bulk ZnO studied by deep level transient spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; DEFECTS; GAN; PROGRESS; DONORS AB Deep level transient spectroscopy, current-voltage, and capacitance-voltage measurements are used to study interface traps in metal-on-bulk-ZnO Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). c-axis-oriented ZnO samples were cut from two different vapor-phase-grown crystals, and Au- and Pd-SBDs were formed on their (0001) surfaces after remote oxygen-plasma treatment. As compared to Au-SBDs, the Pd-SBDs demonstrated higher reverse-bias leakage current and forward-bias current evidently due to higher carrier concentrations, which might have been caused by hydrogen in-diffusion through the thin Pd metal. The dominant traps included the well-known bulk traps E(3) (0.27 eV) and E(4) (0.49 eV). In addition, a surface-related trap, E(s) (0.49 eV), is observed but only in the Pd-SBDs, not in the Au-SBDs. Trap E, is located at depths less than about 95 nm and shows an electron capture behavior indicative of extended defects. A possible correspondence between trap E(s) and the well-known 2.45 eV green band is suggested by depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy on the same samples, which reveals an increase in the intensity of this band within similar to 100 nm of the Pd/ZnO interface. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2978374] C1 [Fang, Z. -Q.; Claflin, B.; Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Fang, Z. -Q.; Claflin, B.; Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dong, Y. F.; Mosbacker, H. L.; Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu FU NSF [DMR0513968]; ARO [W911NF-07-13-0001/Task07275]; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0013]; AFRL [FA8650-06-D-5401] FX We wish to thank H. E. Smith, E. R. Heller, and G. C. Farlow for helpful discussions. Support of Z.-Q.E, B.C., and D.C.L. was provided by NSF Grant No. DMR0513968 (L. Hess), ARO, Grant No. W911NF-07-13-0001/Task07275 (M. Gerhold), AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0013 (K. Reinhardt), and AFRL Contract No. FA8650-06-D-5401 (D. Silversmith). Both the Ohio State and Wright State groups gratefully acknowledge support by NSF Grant No. DMR0513968 (L. Hess). NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 6 AR 063707 DI 10.1063/1.2978374 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361HS UT WOS:000260119300063 ER PT J AU Hrozhyk, UA Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV Bunnin, TJ AF Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A. Serak, Svetlana V. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunnin, Timothy J. TI Phototunable reflection notches of cholesteric liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE STORAGE; AZOBENZENE; LIGHT; COLOR; PITCH; CHROMOPHORE; COPOLYMERS; CHIRALITY; HOST AB The reflection notch of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) formed from highly photosenstive azobenzene nematic liquid crystals doped with light-insensitive, large helical twisting power chiral dopants is shown to be widely phototunable by green laser beams. The nonlinear transmission properties of these materials were studied. We have shown that the relative shift in Bragg wavelength is independent of the chiral dopant concentration and develop a predictive theory of such behavior. The theory describes the dynamics of phototuning as well. Reflection shifts greater than 150 nm were driven with low power, cw of 532 nm in these photosensitive CLCs, previously attainable only through UV pre-exposure. A nonlinear feedback mechanism was demonstrated for CLCs of left, right, and both handedness upon laser-induced blueshifting of the reflection notch from a red wavelength using a green cw laser. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Tabiryan, Nelson V.; Bunnin, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hrozhyk, Uladzimir A.; Serak, Svetlana V.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL USA. RP Bunnin, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 6 AR 063102 DI 10.1063/1.2977666 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361HS UT WOS:000260119300002 ER PT J AU Look, DC AF Look, D. C. TI Two-layer Hall-effect model with arbitrary surface-donor profiles: application to ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; LAYER AB A complete two-layer Hall-effect model, allowing arbitrary donor and acceptor profiles, is presented and applied to the problem of conductive surface layers in ZnO. Temperature-dependent mobility and carrier concentration data in the temperature range of 20-320 K are fitted with an efficient algorithm easily implemented in commercial mathematics programs such as MATHCAD. The model is applied to two ZnO samples, grown by the melt (MLT) and hydrothermal (HYD) processes, respectively. Under the assumption of a "square" surface-donor profile, the fitted surface-layer thicknesses are 48 and 2.5 nm, respectively, for the MLT and HYD samples. The surface-donor concentrations are 7.6 X 10(17) and 8.3 X 10(18) cm(-3), and the integrated surface-donor concentrations are 2.1 X 10(12) and 3.6 X 10(12) cm(-2). For an assumed Gaussian [N(Ds)(0)exp(-Z(2)/d(s)(2))] donor profile, the fitted values of d(s) are nearly the same as those for the square profile. The values of N(D,s)(0) are about 50% larger and the integrated donor-concentration values are about 15% larger, for both samples. As a surface-analysis tool, the Hall effect is extremely sensitive and applicable over a wide range of surface-layer conditions. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2986143] C1 [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM David.Look@WPAFB.AF.MlL FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0013]; NSF [DMR0513968]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46389]; ARO [W91INF-07-D-0001/Task07275]; AFRL [FA8650-06-D-5401] FX We wish to thank T.A. Cooper for the Hall-effect measurements, L. Callahan for sample preparation, and B. Claflin for helpful discussions. Support is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources: AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0013 (K. Reinhardt), NSF Grant No. DMR0513968 (L. Hess), DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46389 (R. Kortan), ARO Grant No. W91INF-07-D-0001/Task07275 (M. Gerhold), and AFRL Contract No. FA8650-06-D-5401 (S. Shell and D. Silversmith). NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 6 AR 063718 DI 10.1063/1.2986143 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 361HS UT WOS:000260119300074 ER PT J AU Ahmad, M Sampair, C Nazmul-Hossain, ANM Khurana, N Nerness, A Wutticharoenmongkol, P AF Ahmad, Mansur Sampair, Christopher Nazmul-Hossain, Abu N. M. Khurana, Neerja Nerness, Andrew Wutticharoenmongkol, Patcharaporn TI Therapeutic doses of radiation alter proliferation and attachment of osteoblasts to implant surfaces SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; titanium; attachment; proliferation; osteoblasts ID CELLS IN-VITRO; IONIZING-RADIATION; OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANTS; IRRADIATED BONE; DENTAL IMPLANTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TITANIUM SURFACES; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; ORAL IMPLANTS; FOLLOW-UP AB Osseointegration of implants in irradiated bone is inadequate. The effect of radiation on cell-implant material interaction has not been adequately studied. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation oil the proliferation, differentiation, and attachment of osteoblasts to commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) were irradiated either before or after plating in tissue culture (TC) dishes with or Without cpTi disks. Radiation was single close of 10 cGy, 25 cGy, 50 cGy, 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy or 5 Gy. Cell proliferation was determined by counting trypshinized cells on 7 days after irradiation. Attachment of irradiated hFOB was measured indirectly by counting cells 2 and 6 h after plating. Differentiation leas evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. Compared with nonirradiated sham controls, higher doses of radiation significantly reduced cell attach and proliferation. Both proliferation and attachment were significantly lower on cpTi compared with TC. Attachment decreased based on the length of postirradiation period. Although differentiation was significantly enhanced by a dose of 8 Gy, proliferation was lowest. These initial studies show that effects of therapeutic doses of radiation on osteoblasts varied depending on the surface, time-elapsed, and amount of radiation. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, C1 [Ahmad, Mansur; Sampair, Christopher; Nazmul-Hossain, Abu N. M.; Khurana, Neerja; Nerness, Andrew; Wutticharoenmongkol, Patcharaporn] Univ Minnesota, Sch Dent, Dept Diagnost & Biol Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sampair, Christopher] USAF, Shaw AFB, SC USA. [Khurana, Neerja] Northwestern Univ, Dept Gen Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Wutticharoenmongkol, Patcharaporn] Chulalongkorn Univ, Polymer Engn Petr & Petrochem Coll, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Ahmad, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Dent, Dept Diagnost & Biol Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ahmad0050@umn.edu NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 86A IS 4 BP 926 EP 934 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31737 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 340HQ UT WOS:000258637100008 PM 18067169 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Greer, AL Kelton, KF AF Miracle, D. B. Greer, A. L. Kelton, K. F. TI Icosahedral and dense random cluster packing in metallic glass structures SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE alloys; structure; medium-range order; short-range order ID MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; ATOMIC PACKING; MODEL; SPHERES AB It has recently been shown that metallic glass structures can be idealized as inter-penetrating solute-centered atomic clusters that are packed with essentially periodic symmetry. The present work applies the same methodology to explore whether experimental observations can be matched by inter-connected solute-centered clusters that are organized in space via dense random cluster packing, Bergman icosahedral cluster packing or Mackay icosahedral cluster packing. Idealized partial pair distribution functions are developed where the symmetry of the solute positions in the structure is derived from the cluster-packing symmetry and the solute concentration, which establishes occupation of inter-cluster sites, especially beta structural sites enclosed by an octahedron of solute-centered clusters. While each of the three models matches major features of the measured solute-solute partial pair distribution functions, the arrangement of clusters with Mackay icosahedral ordering provides the best fit. However. this model is not able to match an essential feature in solute-lean glasses and does not provide the same overall agreement as does periodic cluster packing for solute-rich glasses. Strong similarities between the structure factors in the Mackay icosahedral and periodic cluster-packing models, along with expected deviations from the idealized solute positions studied here, are likely to hinder an unambiguous distinction between these two models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Greer, A. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Kelton, K. F.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@us.af.mil RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; Greer, Lindsay/E-9433-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0110]; National Science Foundation [DMR-06-06065] FX D.B.M. is indebted to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding to support a sabbatical to Cambridge University, where this research was conducted, and to the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge for facilities during the course of this research. K.F.K. gratefully acknowledges support by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract FA9550-05-1-0110 and the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-06-06065. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 34 BP 4049 EP 4055 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.05.006 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 354EN UT WOS:000259621800004 ER PT J AU Jeong, JY Lee, HJ Kang, SW Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeong, Jae-Yong Lee, Hwa-Jeong Kang, Sang-Wook Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Nylon 610/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube composite prepared from in-situ interfacial polymerization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; composites; functionalization; interfacial polymerization; multiwalled carbon nanotube; nanotechnology; nylon; nylon 610 ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; DISPERSION; ACID; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE; STRENGTH AB Pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (P-MWNTs) were functionalized. with 4-chlorobenzoic acid via "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) medium. The resultant 4-chlorobenzoyl-functionalized MWNTs (F-MWNTs) were soluble in chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. A large scale of nylon 610/F-MWNT composite could be conveniently prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization of 1, 6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) in an aqueous phase, and sebacoyl chloride with F-MWNTs in an organic phase. Similarly, nylon 610/P-MWNT composite was also prepared for comparison. The state of F-MWNTs dispersion in nylon 610 matrix was distinctively better than that of P-MWNTs, which could be clearly discerned by both naked eye and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). As a result, the tensile strength of nylon 610/F-MWNT composite was 4.9-fold higher than that of nylon 610/P-MWNT composite. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Jeong, Jae-Yong; Lee, Hwa-Jeong; Kang, Sang-Wook; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Chungbuk National University FX The authors are grateful to J. H. Lee of Chungbuk National University for conducting SEM. This work was supported by research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2007. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 18 BP 6041 EP 6050 DI 10.1002/pola.22916 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 350AP UT WOS:000259325100008 ER PT J AU Young, D Sukeshini, AM Cummins, R Xiao, H Rottmayer, M Reitz, T AF Young, D. Sukeshini, A. M. Cummins, R. Xiao, H. Rottmayer, M. Reitz, T. TI Ink-jet printing of electrolyte and anode functional layer for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE ink-jet printing; SOFC; anode functional layer; YSZ electrolyte; microstructure ID DEPOSITION; INTERFACE; CATHODES AB In this work, solid oxide fuel cells were fabricated by ink-jet printing. The cells were characterized in order to study the resulting microstructure and electrochemical performance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a highly conformal 6-12 mu m thick dense yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte layer, and a porous anode-interlayer. Open circuit voltages ranged from 0.95 to 1.06 V, and a maximum power density of 0.175 W cm(-2) was achieved at 750 degrees C. These results suggest that the ink-jet printing technique may be used to fabricate stable SOFC structures that are comparable to those fabricated by more conventional ceramics processing methods. This study also highlights the significance of overall cell microstructural impact on cell performance and stability. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. [Xiao, H.] UES Corp, Aerosp Power & Prop, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rottmayer, M.; Reitz, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sukeshini, AM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM mary.ayyadurai.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 184 IS 1 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 355NY UT WOS:000259716800022 ER PT J AU Alvarez, M Caviness, JN AF Alvarez, Maria Caviness, John N. TI Primary progressive myoclonus of aging SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE myoclonus; neurodegeneration; cortex; sensorimotor cortex ID CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION; CLINICAL-OBSERVATIONS; DISEASE; DEMENTIA AB Myoclonus in older individuals usually occurs in the context of associated neurologic features which allow the diagnosis of the underlying disorder. We encountered 7 patients with a newly recognized myoclonus syndrome; we use the term primary progressive myoclonus of aging (PPMA) for this syndrome. Our put-pose was to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological properties of this syndrome. Our database was searched for the presence of "myoclonus" in the physical examination. Medical records and laboratory data were retrospectively reviewed, including electrophysiology data. We applied our criteria for PPMA: (1) asymmetric symptomatic action myoclonus, (2) >= 65 years of age, (3) cortical myoclonus physiology, (4) no dementia, (5) no associated features of defined neurodegenerative disorders, and (6) no secondary cause found. Seven patients fulfilled criteria. Age at presentation ranged from 70 to 87 years. Mean duration from myoclonus onset to last follow-up was 2.9 years. Electrophysiology showed positive-negative back-averaged transients, consistent with cortical myoclonus. No patient demonstrated dementia. Brain imaging in all cases was unremarkable. PPMA is a unique syndrome with characteristic findings that differentiate it from dementias and defined neurodegenerative syndromes. It is important to distinguish primary PPMA from other syndromes seen in older individuals to avoid diagnostic confusion. Some cases showed a response to levetiracetam. (C) 2008 Movement Disorder Society. C1 [Caviness, John N.] Mayo Clin, Parkinsons Dis & Other Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. [Alvarez, Maria] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Caviness, JN (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Parkinsons Dis & Other Movement Disorders Ctr, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. EM jcaviness@mayo.edu FU Mayo Clinic FX Mayo Clinic provided funding for this project. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1658 EP 1664 DI 10.1002/mds.22085 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 356GU UT WOS:000259767500003 PM 18709679 ER PT J AU Goltz, MN Huang, JQ Close, ME Flintoft, MJ Pang, LP AF Goltz, Mark N. Huang, Junqi Close, Murray E. Flintoft, Mark J. Pang, Liping TI Use of tandem circulation wells to measure hydraulic conductivity without groundwater extraction SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic conductivity; Groundwater modeling; Pumping test; Circulation wells; Dipole-flow test; Tracer test; Anisotropy ID DIPOLE-FLOW TEST; AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB Conventional methods to measure the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer on a relatively large scale (10-100 m) require extraction of significant quantities of groundwater. This can be expensive, and otherwise problematic, when investigating a contaminated aquifer. In this study, innovative approaches that make use of tandem circulation wells to measure hydraulic conductivity are proposed. These approaches measure conductivity on a relatively large scale, but do not require extraction of groundwater. Two basic approaches for using circulation wells to measure hydraulic conductivity are presented: one approach is based upon the dipole-flow test method, while the other approach relies on a tracer test to measure the flow of water between two recirculating wells. The approaches are tested in a relatively homogeneous and isotropic artificial aquifer, where the conductivities measured by both approaches are compared to each other and to the previously measured hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. It was shown that both approaches have the potential to accurately measure horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity for a relatively large subsurface volume without the need to pump groundwater to the surface. Future work is recommended to evaluate the ability of these tandem circulation wells to accurately measure hydraulic conductivity when anisotropy and heterogeneity are greater than in the artificial aquifer used for these studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goltz, Mark N.; Huang, Junqi] USAF, Inst Technol, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Close, Murray E.; Flintoft, Mark J.; Pang, Liping] New Zealand Inst Environm Sci & Res ESR, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENV, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.goltz@aft.edu; jhuang@embarqmail.com; Murray.Close@esr.cri.nz; Mark.Flintoft@esr.cri.nz; Liping.Pang@esr.cri.nz RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [CU-1295]; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology [C03X0303]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Window-on-Asia program; Stanford; Air Force Institute of Technology FX This study was partially supported by funding from (1) the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program through Project CU-1295, Impact of DNAPL Source Zone Treatment: Experimental and Modeling Assessment of Benefits of Partial Source Removal, (2) the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology (Contract number C03X0303), and (3) the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Window-on-Asia program. The assistance and support of Dr. John Bright and Lincoln Ventures Ltd with the artificial aquifer facility and experiments are gratefully acknowledged. This work benefited from the very thorough and thoughtful reviews by two anonymous referees and the editor-in-chief, Prof E.O. Frind. A portion of this work was conducted while the first author was on sabbatical at Stanford University, CA. The support of Stanford and the Air Force Institute of Technology is appreciated. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.06.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 358UJ UT WOS:000259942700004 PM 18674844 ER PT J AU Siegel, SG Seidel, J Fagley, C Luchtenburg, DM Cohen, K McLaughlin, T AF Siegel, Stefan G. Seidel, Juergen Fagley, Casey Luchtenburg, D. M. Cohen, Kelly McLaughlin, Thomas TI Low-dimensional modelling of a transient cylinder wake using double proper orthogonal decomposition SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; SPATIALLY DEVELOPING FLOWS; LOW-ORDER MODELS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; NEURAL-NETWORKS; GLOBAL MODES; TURBULENCE; MECHANICS; DYNAMICS; POD AB For the systematic development of feedback flow controllers, a numerical model that captures the dynamic behaviour of the flow field to be controlled is required. This poses a particular challenge for flow fields where the dynamic behaviour is nonlinear, and the governing equations cannot easily be solved in closed form. This has led to many versions of low-dimensional modelling techniques, which we extend in this work to represent better the impact of actuation on the flow. For the benchmark problem of a circular cylinder wake in the laminar regime, we introduce a novel extension to the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) procedure that facilitates mode construction from transient data sets. We demonstrate the performance of this new decomposition by applying it to a data set from the development of the limit cycle oscillation of a circular cylinder wake Simulation as well as an ensemble of transient forced simulation results. The modes obtained from this decomposition, which we refer to as the double POD (DPOD) method, correctly track the changes of the spatial modes both during the evolution of the limit cycle and when forcing is applied by transverse translation of the cylinder. The mode amplitudes, which are obtained by projecting the original data sets onto the truncated DPOD modes, can be used to construct a dynamic mathematical model of the wake that accurately predicts the wake flow dynamics within the lock-in region at low forcing amplitudes. This low-dimensional model, derived using nonlinear artificial neural network based system identification methods, is robust and accurate and can be used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the wake flow. We demonstrate this ability not just or unforced and open-loop forced data, but also for a feed back-controlled simulation that leads to a 90% reduction in lift fluctuations. This indicates the possibility of constructing accurate dynamic low-dimensional models for feedback control by using unforced and transient forced data only. C1 [Siegel, Stefan G.; Seidel, Juergen; Fagley, Casey; Cohen, Kelly; McLaughlin, Thomas] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, HQ USAFA DFAN, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Luchtenburg, D. M.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Fluid Dynam & Tech Acoust, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Siegel, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, HQ USAFA DFAN, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 NR 71 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 610 BP 1 EP 42 DI 10.1017/S0022112008002115 PG 42 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 346CM UT WOS:000259046000001 ER PT J AU Eriksson, S Hairston, MR Rich, FJ Korth, H Zhang, Y Anderson, BJ AF Eriksson, S. Hairston, M. R. Rich, F. J. Korth, H. Zhang, Y. Anderson, B. J. TI High-latitude ionosphere convection and Birkeland current response for the 15 May 2005 magnetic storm recovery phase SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; DEPENDENT PLASMA-FLOW; LOBE CELL CONVECTION; POLAR-CAP ARCS; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHWARD IMF; THETA AURORA; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSPHERE; CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS; MAGNETOMETER DATA AB The high-latitude response of sunward E x B flow and Birkeland field-aligned currents (FAC) is analyzed for the 15 May 2005 magnetic cloud that generated a great magnetic storm (SYM-H = -305 nT at 0820 UT). The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle, theta = arctan(B-y/B-z), gradually rotated from 65 degrees to -80 degrees during the 10-h long northward IMF period and the recovery of this storm. DMSP observations confirm a dawnward migration of a Northern Hemisphere sunward E x B flow channel (FC) between a downward and upward FAC pair. This FAC system developed during southward IMF (theta = 109 degrees) at the poleward edge of the duskside auroral oval as part of a four-sheet FAC system 23 min before the IMF became northward. TIMED/GUVI observations show that the dawnward migration of the upward FAC coincides with a drifting transpolar auroral arc (TPA). IMAGE/WIC did not observe a TPA in the southern (winter) hemisphere. DMSP and Iridium observations are in good agreement with MHD simulation predictions of a northward IMF reorientation of high-latitude FACs. The northern FC migration was likely due to summer hemisphere conductances, a strong average IMF B-x = -35 nT and the sunward dipole tilt angle that favor a northern high-latitude reconnection mechanism for a well-organized sunward FC and FAC system migration. The storm recovery rate appeared to be related with the region 2 FAC. A fast 11.4 nT/h rate was observed for a weak or nonexistent region 2 system during the high-latitude FAC redistribution. The SYM-H recovery slowed significantly to 0.9 nT/h following the 1800 UT region 2 system recovery. C1 [Eriksson, S.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hairston, M. R.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Rich, F. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Korth, H.; Zhang, Y.; Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Eriksson, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eriksson@lasp.colorado.edu RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016; OI Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837; Eriksson, Stefan/0000-0002-5619-1577 FU NSF [R1WH5700065]; NASA [NNX07AH72G] FX We thank Hermann Luhr at Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Germany for use of CHAMP data. We thank the ACE MAG and SWEPAM instrument teams and the ACE Science Center for providing the ACE Level 2 data via http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/level2/. We also thank the CDAWeb at http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and S. Kokubun at STELAB, Nagoya University, Japan (Geotail MGF), T. Mukai at ISAS, Japan (Geotail LEP), and A. Lazarus at M. I. T. (IMP-8 Plasma). Work by MH was supported by NSF grant R1WH5700065 at the University of Texas at Dallas. Work by SE was supported by NASA grant NNX07AH72G at the University of Colorado at Boulder. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 9 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00A08 DI 10.1029/2008JA013139 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 348ID UT WOS:000259203300001 ER PT J AU Enlow, JO Jiang, H Grant, JT Eyink, K Su, WJ Bunning, TJ AF Enlow, Jesse O. Jiang, Hao Grant, John T. Eyink, Kurt Su, Weijie Bunning, Timothy J. TI Plasma polymerized ferrocene films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE photonic thin film; ferrocene; plasma polymerization ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTONIC FILMS; COPOLYMERIZATION; DENSITY AB This communication describes the formation of high index of refraction polymer thin films using a novel plasma polymerization deposition process. A flowing afterglow plasma reactor was modified to enable sublimation of solid samples into the gas phase for subsequent plasma polymerization. Thin films of plasma polymerized ferrocene were deposited on substrates and subsequently characterized. The refractive index as a function of processing conditions was obtained. Relatively high values of n (similar to 1.73 at 589 nm) were obtained. The chemical nature of the polymer thin films was characterized using FTIR and XPS spectroscopy. This work demonstrates that plasma polymerization is an enabling technology for the fabrication of photonic thin films that utilize solid state precursors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Enlow, Jesse O.; Eyink, Kurt; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Jiang, Hao] Mat Sci & Tech Applicat LLC, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. [Grant, John T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Su, Weijie] AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, 3005 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 9 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 19 BP 4042 EP 4045 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.013 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 349SP UT WOS:000259303900002 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Rich, F Keskinen, MJ Sheehan, RE Coster, AJ AF Basu, Su. Basu, S. Makela, J. J. MacKenzie, E. Doherty, P. Wright, J. W. Rich, F. Keskinen, M. J. Sheehan, R. E. Coster, A. J. TI Large magnetic storm-induced nighttime ionospheric flows at midlatitudes and their impacts on GPS-based navigation systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL OVAL; SCINTILLATIONS; INSTABILITY; DENSITY; IRREGULARITIES; ZONE; SAPS AB Analysis of GPS phase fluctuations in conjunction with regional total electron content (TEC) maps, in situ measurements of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) and auroral convection from several Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft, and dynasonde measurements at the Bear Lake Observatory obtained during the intense magnetic storm of 7-8 November 2004 have indicated the serious impact of large ionospheric velocities on GPS-based navigation systems within the midlatitude region in the North American sector. The major difference between this superstorm and the others observed during the earlier October-November 2003 events is the absence of appreciable storm-enhanced density gradients, with the midlatitude region being enveloped by either the auroral oval or the ionospheric trough within which the SAPS were confined during the local dusk to nighttime hours. This shows that it is possible to disable GPS-based navigation systems for many hours even in the absence of appreciable TEC gradients, provided an intense flow channel is present in the ionosphere during nighttime hours. The competing effects of irregularity amplitude Delta N/N, the background F region density, and the magnitude of SAPS or auroral convection are discussed in establishing the extent of the region of impact on such systems. C1 [Basu, Su.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Basu, S.; MacKenzie, E.; Doherty, P.; Sheehan, R. E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Makela, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wright, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rich, F.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Keskinen, M. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coster, A. J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sbasu@bu.edu FU NSF [ATM-0218206]; ONR [N00014-03-1-0593]; Boston College [2311AS]; NRL [N00173-05-G904] FX We thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University for making available the SYM-H data. F. T. Berkey kindly made available the dynasonde data; the data collection was supported by NSF grant ATM-0218206. Su. Basu was supported by ONR grant N00014-03-1-0593. The work at Boston College was partially supported by AFOSR Task 2311AS. The work at the University of Illinois was partially supported by NRL grant N00173-05-G904. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00A06 DI 10.1029/2008JA013076 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345NS UT WOS:000259004100001 ER PT J AU Kharlampieva, E Tsukruk, T Slocik, JM Ko, H Poulsen, N Naik, RR Kroger, N Tsukruk, VV AF Kharlampieva, Eugenia Tsukruk, Taisia Slocik, Joseph M. Ko, Hyunhyub Poulsen, Nicole Naik, Rajesh R. Kroeger, Nils Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Bioenabled surface-mediated growth of titania nanoparticles SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYER-BY-LAYER; THIN-FILMS; MATERIALS CHEMISTRY; CORE-SHELL; TIO2; TEMPERATURE; SILICA; DEPOSITION; MINERALIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURES AB A recombinant protein, silaffin rSilC, adsorbed on a tailored polyelectrolyte surface is capable of initiating the nucleation and growth of 4 nm titania nanoparticles in a dispersed manner under ambient conditions. The approach presented here may be readily applicable to other organic and inorganic materials to enable a robust synthesis of uniform organic-inorganic nanostructures with controllable dimensions and surface distributions. C1 [Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Tsukruk, Taisia; Ko, Hyunhyub; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Poulsen, Nicole; Kroeger, Nils] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Ko, Hyunhyub/C-4848-2009; OI Poulsen, Nicole/0000-0002-4533-8860 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by funding provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the office of Naval Research. The authors thank Prof. Svetlana Sukhishvili (Stevens Institute of Technology) for access to the ATR-FTIR spectrometer and Ray Gunawidjaja for technical assistance. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the authors. NR 52 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17 BP 3274 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200800054 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 348IY UT WOS:000259205400015 ER PT J AU Yamane, GK Bradshaw, BS AF Yamane, Grover K. Bradshaw, Benjamin S. TI Motor vehicle driver death and high state maximum speed limits: 1991-1993 SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle; driver; accident; crash; speed limit; highway; mortality ID 65 MPH; MORTALITY; CRASHES; FATALITIES; ROAD; AGE AB Objective: To measure the association between motor vehicle crash (MVC) driver death and high state maximum speed limits. Methods: This Study used a case-control design and assessed driver deaths from three major types of MVCs: non-collision; collision with motor vehicles in transit; and collision with stationary objects. The study period was 1991-1993. For each type of crash, case subject populations of fatally injured drivers were obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Four control subject populations, each associated with a different cause of death, were obtained from a U.S. national death certificate database (the Causes of death were unintentional poisoning, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, drowning, and diabetes mellitus). Subjects were considered exposed if the state in which they crashed (for cases) or died (for controls) had a maximum speed limit greater than 55 mph. Each of the three case subject populations was compared against each of the four control subject populations. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age and gentler. Results: For non-collision driver death, ORs ranged from 3.06 to 6.56, depending on the year and control group; all the ORs were significant. For collision with motor vehicles in transit driver death, ORs ranged from 1.12 to 2.22; all the ORs were significant. For collision with stationary objects driver death, ORs ranged from 0.87 to 1.83. Conclusions: There was a moderately strong and significant association between non-collision driver death and high state maximum speed limits. For collision with motor vehicles in transit driver death, the association was somewhat milder but still consistent. For collision with stationary objects driver death, the presence of an association was unclear. During 1991-1993, the effects of high state maximum speed limits may have been different for different types of MVCs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yamane, Grover K.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Bradshaw, Benjamin S.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Sch Publ Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Yamane, GK (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM grover.yamane@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 EI 1879-2057 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1690 EP 1694 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.004 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 355WH UT WOS:000259739400008 PM 18760097 ER PT J AU Peng, Q Qu, LT Dai, LM Park, K Vaia, RA AF Peng, Qiang Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard A. TI Asymmetrically charged carbon nanotubes by controlled functionalization SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; asymmetric functionalization; selective charge; self-assembly ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; MULTILAYERS; TRANSPORT; GROWTH AB Surface modification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been widely studied for some years. However, the asymmetric modification of individual CNTs with different molecular species/nanaparticles at the two end-tips or along the nanotube length is only a recent development. As far as we are aware, no attempt has so far been made to asymmetrically fundionalize individual CNTs with moieties of opposite charges. In this paper, we have demonstrated a simple, but effective, asymmetric modification of the sidewall of CNTs with oppositely charged moieties by plasma treatment and pi-pi stacking interaction. The as-prepared asymmetrically sidewall-functionalized CNTs can be used as a platform for bottom-up self-assembly of complex structures or can be charge-selectively self-assembled onto and/or between electrodes with specific biases under an appropriate applied voltage for potential device applications. C1 [Peng, Qiang; Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Peng, Qiang; Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Peng, Qiang; Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu; Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL/RX (LDF); AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0384]; NSF [NIRT 06090771CMS-078055]; WBI [PIA FA8652-03-3-0005] FX We are grateful for partial support from AFRL/RX (LDF), AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-0384), NSF (NIRT 06090771CMS-078055), and WBI (PIA FA8652-03-3-0005). We acknowledge the NEST Laboratory at LID for access to the SEM and TEM facilities. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1833 EP 1840 DI 10.1021/nn8002532 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 351UB UT WOS:000259450300015 PM 19206422 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Shagiev, MR Senkova, SV Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Shagiev, M. R. Senkova, S. V. Miracle, D. B. TI Precipitation of Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloy during conventional solution heat treatment and its effect on tensile properties SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminium alloys; aging; isothermal heat treatment; phase transformation kinetics; precipitation ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; COARSENING BEHAVIOR; VOLUME FRACTION; KINETICS; AL3SC; SCANDIUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; COHERENCY; CAST; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of heat treatment on precipitation and growth of coherent nanometer-sized Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles and the effect of these particles on tensile properties of a direct chill (DC) cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloy were Studied. The size distribution, average size, number density and volume fraction of the Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles were determined as a function of the solution treatment temperature and time. An increase in the solution treatment temperature and time resulted in Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles with a larger mean diameter, higher volume fraction and lower number density. The particle size distributions were described well by normal (Gaussian) distributions. The kinetics of the phase transformation followed the Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami law, with the Avrami exponent m = 0.404. Room temperature tensile properties were evaluated in the as-solution treated and artificially aged conditions. The coherent nanometer-sized Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles provided additional Orowan strengthening, which increased with increasing particle volume fraction and decreasing particle size, and varied from 75 to 118 MPa after different heat treatments. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Shagiev, M. R.; Senkova, S. V.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 62 TC 65 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 3723 EP 3738 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.005 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 351FG UT WOS:000259409300002 ER PT J AU Qian, L Solomon, C Roble, RG Bowman, BR Marcos, FA AF Qian, L. Solomon, C. Roble, R. G. Bowman, B. R. Marcos, F. A. TI Thermospheric neutral density response to solar forcing SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermospheric neutral density; density variation; general circulation model; empirical model; solar energy deposition; solar spectral irradiance ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; MIDDLE; RADAR; TIDES; EUV; CO2 AB Recent measurements by the Solar EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) Experiment (SEE) aboard the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite (TIMED) provide solar EUV spectral irradiance with adequate spectral and temporal resolution, and thus the opportunity to use solar measurements directly in upper atmospheric general circulation models. Thermospheric neutral density is simulated with the NCAR Tliermosphere-Ionospliere-Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) using TIMED/SEE measurements and using the EUVAC solar proxy model. Neutral density is also calculated using the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model. These modeled densities are then compared to density measurements derived from satellite drag data. It is found that using measured solar irradiance in the general circulation model can improve density calculations compared to using the solar proxy model. It is also found that the general circulation model can improve upon the empirical model in simulating geomagnetic storm effects and the solar cycle variation of neutral density. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qian, L.; Solomon, C.; Roble, R. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bowman, B. R.] USAF, Space Command, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Marcos, F. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Qian, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lqian@ucar.edu RI Qian, Liying/D-9236-2013; Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012 OI Qian, Liying/0000-0003-2430-1388; Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 926 EP 932 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.019 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331YU UT WOS:000258049400017 ER PT J AU Abate, G Ol, M Shyy, W AF Abate, Gregg Ol, Michael Shyy, Wei TI Introduction: Biologically inspired aerodynamics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSECT FLIGHT C1 [Abate, Gregg; Ol, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Shyy, Wei] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Abate, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. OI Shyy, Wei/0000-0001-6670-5394 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2113 EP 2114 DI 10.2514/1.35949 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 344JA UT WOS:000258921500001 ER PT J AU Ricker, J Kundrotas, L AF Ricker, Jonathan Kundrotas, Leon TI The natural history of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 03-08, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Ricker, Jonathan; Kundrotas, Leon] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 SU S MA 770 BP S303 EP S304 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 347MH UT WOS:000259145200766 ER PT J AU Maturo, S Weitzel, E Brennan, J AF Maturo, Stephen Weitzel, Erik Brennan, Joseph TI An animal model for nasofrontal duct obstruction and frontal sinus mucocele formation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery-Foundation CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Fdn DE Animal; duct; etiology; fracture; frontal; goat; model; mucocele; nasofrontal; pathogenesis; sinus AB Background: This study was performed to show occlusion of the nasofrontal duct and mucocele formation in a goat model. A pilot study was performed to investigate whether a goat is a suitable model for creating nasofrontal duct obstruction and mucocele formation. Methods: Three adult goats underwent frontal sinus anterior table osteoplastic flap creation with identification and occlusion of the nasofrontal outflow tract with frontalis muscle plugging. Three months later, the goats were killed and gross examination of the frontal Sinus, along with histopathological confirmation of mucocele formation, were performed. Results: All animals showed mucocele formation on gross examination and histological sectioning. There was no gross or histological evidence of bony erosion. The nasofrontal outflow tracts remained occluded. Conclusion: This study provides a suitable animal model for the investigation of nasofrontal outflow tract obstruction and mucocele formation in the frontal sinus. The goat frontal sinus and nasofrontal outflow tract provide an excellent model for frontal sinus studies because they are comparable in size with humans. The results provide evidence of mucocele formation with occluded nasofrontal outflow tracts. C1 [Maturo, Stephen; Weitzel, Erik; Brennan, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Maturo, S (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM stephen.maturo@lakeland.af.mil OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1050-6586 J9 AM J RHINOL JI Am. J. Rhinol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 474 EP 476 DI 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3212 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 364UQ UT WOS:000260361300005 PM 18954505 ER PT J AU Judd, CA Parker, AL Meier, EA Tankersley, MS AF Judd, Courtney A. Parker, Amy L. Meier, Eric A. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Successful administration of a 1-day imported fire ant rush immunotherapy protocol SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STINGING INSECT HYPERSENSITIVITY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NATURAL-HISTORY; PRETREATMENT; EFFICACY; REDUCTION; ATTACKS; VENOM AB Background: Young children with a history of systemic reactions to imported fire ant (IFA) stings are at substantial risk of recurrent stings because of their maturational inability to practice appropriate avoidance techniques. Objective: To present 3 cases in which patients 36 months or younger completed a 1 day rush immunotherapy (RIT) protocol with IFA whole-body extract (WBE). Methods: The 1-day RIT protocol used for these patients was modified from the Wilford Hall 2-day rush protocol previously published. A 1:1 vol/vol maintenance vial consisted of 1 mL of IFA WBE and 9 mL of human serum albumin diluent in a 10-mL vial. Results: All 3 patients had positive intradermal skin test results to IFA WBE. No systemic reactions occurred during the 1-day RIT. Conclusions: This case series provides data with which we can begin to assess the efficacy and safety of a 1-day IFA RIT protocol for the prevention of anaphylaxis in IFA allergic children. Further Studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm the findings. C1 [Judd, Courtney A.; Parker, Amy L.; Meier, Eric A.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Tankersley, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.tankersley@lackland.af.mil FU US Air Force FX This study was funded by the US Air Force. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the US Department of the Air Force. the US Department of Defense, or the US government. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 346GH UT WOS:000259056300014 PM 18814455 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI Balad's green doors SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 304 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.009 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 348UN UT WOS:000259235700028 PM 18722250 ER PT J AU Hiers, R AF Hiers, R. TI A control volume derivation of the energy equation for LII modeling SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-PARTICLE COMBUSTION AB This paper considers the unsteady energy equation for a particle undergoing processes relevant to laser-induced incandescence. The energy equation is derived using both an integral control volume formalism and a differential approach. Confusion in the previous literature over the form of the energy equation is traced to the evaluation of the energy flux terms to and from the particle surface. Terms such as the heat of sublimation or heat of combustion are shown to arise naturally in both the control volume and differential derivations. Problems associated with the confusion regarding the flux terms resulting in incorrect energy equations are also identified. C1 AEDC, ATA, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Hiers, R (reprint author), AEDC, ATA, 939 Shriever Ave, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM robert.hiers@arnold.af.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 92 IS 4 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3122-3 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 341MA UT WOS:000258717400028 ER PT J AU Chai, N Naik, SV Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Roy, S Gord, JR AF Chai, Ning Naik, Sameer V. Laurendeau, Normand M. Lucht, Robert P. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Single-laser-shot detection of nitric oxide in reacting flows using electronic resonance enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE FLAMES; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; CARS; SPECTROSCOPY; NO; OH AB Single-laser-shot electronic resonance enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) spectra of nitric oxide (NO) were generated using the 532 nm output of an injection-seeded Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser as the pump beam, a broadband dye laser at approximately 591 nm as the Stokes beam, and a 236 nm narrowband ultraviolet probe beam. Single-laser-shot ERE-CARS spectra of NO were acquired in an atmospheric-pressure hydrogen/air counterflow diffusion flame. The single-shot detection limit in this flame was found to be approximately 30 ppm, and the standard deviation of the measured NO concentration was found to be approximately 20% of the mean. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Chai, Ning; Naik, Sameer V.; Laurendeau, Normand M.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chai, N (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM nchai@purdue.edu RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-C-0036]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [F33615-03-D-2329] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-07-C-0036 (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, under Contract No. F33615-03-D-2329. We thank Mr. M. Thariyan, Mr. V. Ananathanarayanan, and Mr. A. Bhuiyan for providing us with the CARS temperature measurements. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 9 AR 091115 DI 10.1063/1.2973166 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345DH UT WOS:000258975800015 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Burke, J Wang, H Lee, JH Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, C. V. Burke, J. Wang, H. Lee, J. H. Barnes, P. N. TI Thick YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x)+BaSnO(3) films with enhanced critical current density at high magnetic fields SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODOTS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; BASNO3 NANOPARTICLES; SUPERCONDUCTOR; PERFORMANCE; TEMPLATES; NANORODS AB The thickness dependence was studied for the critical current density (J(c)) of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x)(YBCO)+BaSnO(3) (BSO) nanocomposite films. These films showed a significantly reduced decline of the J(c) with thickness, especially at high magnetic fields. For example, a 2 mu m thick YBCO+BSO film had a J(c)similar to 3x10(5) A/cm(2) at 5 T as compared to a typical J(c) of 2.4x10(3) A/cm(2) at 5 T for a 300 nm thick YBCO film. The thick YBCO+BSO films maintained high T(c) (>88 K) and had a high density (2.5x10(11)/cm(2)) of continuous BSO nanocolumns that likely contributed for the observed J(c) enhancements. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, H.; Lee, J. H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 9 AR 092501 DI 10.1063/1.2976683 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345DH UT WOS:000258975800036 ER PT J AU Balldin, U Annicelli, L Gibbons, J Kisner, J AF Balldin, Ulf Annicelli, Lance Gibbons, John Kisner, James TI An electrical muscle stimulation suit for increasing blood pressure SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE electrical muscle stimulation; muscle straining; G-suit; blood pressure ID HIGH-VOLTAGE; VOLUNTARY; FATIGUE; CONTRACTION; FREQUENCY; EXERCISE AB Background: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is used to strengthen muscles in rehabilitation of patients and for training of athletes. Voluntary muscle straining and an inflated anti-G suit increase the arterial blood pressure (BP) and give a pilot G protection during increased +G(z). This study's aim was to measure whether BP also increases with EMS of lower body muscles. Methods: A suit with new cloth electrodes sewn into the garment was developed. There were 12 subjects who were tested in sitting position during 3 conditions with 10 consecutive periods of EMS, inflated anti-G suit (GS), or lower body muscle anti-G straining maneuvers (AGSM). BP was continuously measured noninvasively. Results: The means of the baseline systolic BP, before each of the test conditions, were 127 +/- 16, 128 +/- 11, and 145 +/- 14 mmHg for GS, AGSM, and EMS, respectively. During inflation of the GS, execution of the AGSM, and EMS, mean systolic BP during the first 10 s was 143 +/- 15, 146 +/- 13, and 150 +/- 13 mmHg, respectively, with no statistical difference between the conditions. The corresponding mean resting heart rate before each test was 57-63 bpm for all conditions. During the test periods with GS, AGSM, and EMS, heart rate was 59 +/- 11, 79 +/- 16, and 61 +/- 15 bpm, respectively, with statistical differences (P < 0.001) between AGSM and the other two conditions. Conclusion: EMS created similar BP as GS and AGSM at 1 G and also had higher pre- and post-control values. Further studies are required to evaluate if this principle may be used for G protection of pilots. C1 [Gibbons, John] USAF AFRL RHP, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Balldin, Ulf] USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Integrated Sci & Engn Grp, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Annicelli, Lance] Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. RP Balldin, U (reprint author), AFRL RHPG, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM ulf.balldin.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 9 BP 914 EP 918 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2192.2008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 344UG UT WOS:000258952200012 PM 18785362 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Farrington, KE Johnson, GR AF Eby, D. Matthew Farrington, Karen E. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Synthesis of bioinorganic antimicrobial peptide nanoparticles with potential therapeutic properties SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HOST-DEFENSE PEPTIDES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; IMMUNE EVASION; SILICA; ENZYMES; IMMOBILIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE AB Amphiphilicity and cationicity are properties shared between antimicrobial peptides and proteins that catalyze biomineralization reactions. Merging these two functionalities, we demonstrate a reaction where a cationic antimicrobial peptide catalyzes self-biomineralization within inorganic matrices. The resultant antimicrobial peptide nanoparticles retain biocidal activity, protect the peptide from proteolytic degradation, and facilitate a continuous release of the antibiotic over time. Taken together, these properties demonstrate the therapeutic potential of self-synthesizing biomaterials that retain the biocidal properties of antimicrobial peptides. C1 [Eby, D. Matthew; Johnson, Glenn R.] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Farrington, Karen E.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Eby, DM (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil FU Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX); Joint Science and Technology Office; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AA06CBT008] FX We thank Sue Sizemore for assistance in antimicrobial assays, Heather Luckarift and Lloyd Nadeau for useful discussions, Pamela Lloyd and Rajesh Naik at Wri ght- Patterson Air Force Base, OH, for elemental analysis, and Karen Kelly at University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, for FESEM and TEM images. Research was supported by funding from Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) and the Joint Science and Technology Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, under Project Code AA06CBT008 (Ilya Elashvil i, Jennifer Becker and Stephen Lee, Program Managers). NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP PY 2008 VL 9 IS 9 BP 2487 EP 2494 DI 10.1021/bm800512e PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 345YH UT WOS:000259033700026 PM 18661941 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Romick, BG Rubal, BJ AF McGlasson, David L. Romick, Benjamin G. Rubal, Bernard J. TI Comparison of a chromogenic factor X assay with international normalized ratio for monitoring oral anticoagulation therapy SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE anticoagulation therapy; chromogenic factor X; international normalized ratio; warfarin therapy ID LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; WARFARIN AB The purpose of the present study was to compare the international normalized ratio with a chromogenic factor X (CFX) assay for monitoring patients on oral anticoagulant therapy using the DiaPharma CFX method on a STA-R Evolution coagulation analyzer. International normalized ratio values were correlated with the CFX for determining normal, subtherapeutic, therapeutic and supratherapeutic ranges for these patients. Specimens were analyzed and grouped as normal or patients on oral anticoagulant therapy with international normalized ratios of less than 2.0, 2.0-3.0, and more than 3.0. Three hundred and nine randomly selected oral anticoagulant therapy patients were tested. The range of international normalized ratio and CFX in oral anticoagulant therapy patients was 0.92-12.76 and 9-132%, respectively. CFX was inversely related to international normalized ratio; R = 0.964 (P < 0.0001) (CFX = 13.2 + (5.3/international normalized ratio) + (81.3/ international normalized ratio(2)). Results by group were as follows: normal (n = 30), CFX range 72-131 %, mean CFX 96%; international normalized ratio less than 2.0 (n = 70), CFX range 32-132%, mean CFX 53%; international normalized ratio 2.0-3.0 (n = 135), CFX range 18-48%, mean CFX 28%; international normalized ratio more than 3.0 (n = 104), CFX range 9-46%, mean CFX 21 %. Sensitivity and specificity crossed at a CFX of 35.5%, which yielded a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 91.9% for discriminating international normalized ratio of at least 2.0. Area under the curve on receiver-operator curve using international normalized ratio was 0.984 (P < 0.001). In this randomly selected group of oral anticoagulant therapy patients and normal individuals at varying levels of anticoagulation, CFX correlated well with international normalized ratio as determined by R = 0.964. The data suggests that the CFX can be a useful tool for monitoring oral anticoagulation in patient populations in which confounders to international normalized ratio may be present. Further investigation with the use of CFX for monitoring is warranted in large patient populations on oral anticoagulant therapy, including follow-up for clinical outcomes. C1 [Rubal, Bernard J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [McGlasson, David L.; Romick, Benjamin G.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP McGlasson, DL (reprint author), CLS INCA, 59MTG-SGRL,2200 Berquist Dr,Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM david.mcglasson@lackland.af.mil FU Surgeon General Office of the United States Air Force FX The authors of this manuscript would like to acknowledge George A. Fritsma, MS, MT (ASCP) proprietor of www.fritsmafactor.com.; There are no conflicts of interest by any of the authors that require disclosure.; The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Defense or other Departments of the United States Government. This work was supported by the Surgeon General Office of the United States Air Force. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0957-5235 EI 1473-5733 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 513 EP 517 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 348KL UT WOS:000259209300007 PM 18685434 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Eyink, K Grant, JT Enlow, J Tullis, S Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, Hao Eyink, Kurt Grant, John T. Enlow, Jesse Tullis, Scott Bunning, Timothy J. TI PECVD Siloxane and Fluorine-Based Copolymer Thin Films SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article DE FTIR; Optics; Plasma polymerization; Thin films; XPS ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PLASMA COPOLYMERIZATION; PHOTONIC FILMS; POLYMERIZATION; OCTAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE; FABRICATION; COATINGS; GROWTH; HEXAMETHYLDISILOXANE; ORGANOSILICONES AB Plasma copolymerization is utilized to fabricate thin photonic films based on hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO, C6H18Si2O) and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB, C4F8). The structure of the plasma copolymerized films is examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the optical properties including, refractive index, it, and extinction coefficient, k, are determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive indices, which range from 1.38 to 1.54, can be manipulated by adjusting the volume ratio of the two monomers, HMDSO and OFCB, during the polymerization. A nonlinear relationship between the refractive index and extinction coefficient with comonomer feed ratio is observed. A strong initial increase in both it and k as the amount of HMDSO is increased is attributed to significant defluorination of the resultant polymer films coupled with the formation of a C-C rich crosslinked network. Once the network incorporates substantial amounts of Si-C and Si-O bonds, the refractive index starts to decrease slowly due to a lowering of the density. XPS and FTIR results confirm the changes in internal structure consistent with this mechanism. C1 [Jiang, Hao] Mat Sci & Tech Applicat LLC, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. [Eyink, Kurt; Enlow, Jesse; Tullis, Scott; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grant, John T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Mat Sci & Tech Applicat LLC, 409 Maple Springs Dr, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. EM hao.jiang@wpafb.af.mil NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9-10 BP 286 EP 291 DI 10.1002/cvde.200806684 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 369PH UT WOS:000260705900003 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Martin, HD Mintz, DN Ly, JQ Costello, RF Braly, BA Yoosefian, F AF Beall, Douglas P. Martin, Hal D. Mintz, Douglas N. Ly, Justin Q. Costello, Richard F. Braly, Brett A. Yoosefian, Farida TI Anatomic and structural evaluation of the hip: a cross-sectional imaging technique combining anatomic and biomechanical evaluations SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography; magnetic resonance arthrography; multidetector computed tomography; adult hip ID MR ARTHROGRAPHY; ACETABULAR LABRUM; LENGTH INEQUALITY; CARTILAGE LESIONS; ABNORMALITIES AB To describe a technique of cross-sectional imaging of the adult hip designed to evaluate for anatomic anomalies that may predispose to internal derangement in addition to the routine anatomic assessment. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR arthrography, and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning protocols utilize high-resolution imaging, and the surrounding anatomy is also assessed using these scanning techniques. Various measurements may be obtained to assess the overarching anatomic configuration including the caput caput collum diaphysis angle, the femoral angle of torsion, the acetabular angle of torsion, the center edge angle, and the femur length. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ly, Justin Q.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Mintz, Douglas N.] Hosp Special Surg, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Martin, Hal D.; Braly, Brett A.] Oklahoma Sports, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. [Beall, Douglas P.] Phys Grp, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Beall, Douglas P.; Costello, Richard F.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73103 USA. RP Yoosefian, F (reprint author), 7980 Linderg Landing,HSG TF, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM dpb@okss.com; haldavidmartin@yahoo.com; mintz.d@hss.edu; jlyl5544@hotmail.com; brett-braly@ouhsc.edu; farida.yooscfian@brooks.af.mil NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.clinimag.2008.01.026 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 348LI UT WOS:000259211600007 PM 18760725 ER PT J AU Lyon, DR Gunzelmann, G Gluck, KA AF Lyon, Don R. Gunzelmann, Glenn Gluck, Kevin A. TI A computational model of spatial visualization capacity SO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial visualization; visuospatial working memory; mental imagery; ACT-R; computational model ID MENTAL ROTATION; LOCATIONAL REPRESENTATION; FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; INTEGRATED THEORY; WORKING-MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; IMAGERY; OBJECTS AB Visualizing spatial material is a cornerstone of human problem solving, but human visualization capacity is sharply limited. To investigate the sources of this limit, we developed a new task to measure visualization accuracy for verbally-described spatial paths (similar to street directions), and implemented a computational process model to perform it. In this model, developed within the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) architecture, visualization capacity is limited by three mechanisms. Two of these (associative interference and decay) are longstanding characteristics of ACT-R's declarative memory. A third (spatial interference) is a new mechanism motivated by spatial proximity effects in our data. We tested the model in two experiments, one with parameter-value fitting, and a replication without further fitting. Correspondence between model and data was close in both experiments, Suggesting that the model may be useful for understanding why Visualizing new, complex spatial material is so difficult. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lyon, Don R.] USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Lyon, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM don.lyon@mesa.afmc.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [02HE01COR]; Air Force Research Laboratory's Human Effectiveness Directorate [F1624-97-D-5000, FA8650-05-D-6502] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant 02HE01COR), and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Human Effectiveness Directorate (Contracts F1624-97-D-5000 and FA8650-05-D-6502). Portions of this research have been presented at the International Conference on Cognitive Modeling and the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. We thank David Irwin and an anonymous reviewer for suggesting the analysis of model variants; Jerry Ball, Michael Krusmark and two anonymous reviewers for other helpful comments Ben Sperry for software development; and Christy Caballero and Lisa Park for research assistance. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0010-0285 J9 COGNITIVE PSYCHOL JI Cogn. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 122 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.12.003 PG 31 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 350YS UT WOS:000259390400002 PM 18314098 ER PT J AU Cathey, C Cain, J Wang, H Gundersen, MA Carter, C Ryan, M AF Cathey, Charles Cain, Jeremy Wang, Hai Gundersen, Martin A. Carter, Campbell Ryan, Michael TI OH production by transient plasma and mechanism of flame ignition and propagation in quiescent methane-air mixtures SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE transient plasma; pulsed powerr; OH; volumetric ignition; transient plasma ignition; planar laser induction fluorescence; high speed imaging ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY TRANSFER; PULSED CORONA DISCHARGE; BURNING VELOCITIES; MARKSTEIN LENGTHS; RATES; STATE; RADICALS; DYNAMICS; 2-SIGMA+; NITROGEN AB Transient plasma induced production of OH is followed in a quiescent, stoichiometric CH4-air mixture using the planar laser induced fluorescence technique. Ignition and subsequent flame propagation, for both the transient plasma and traditional spark ignition, are observed with a high speed camera (2000 fps). The transient plasma is generated using a 70 ns FWHM, 60 kV, 800 mJ pulse. OH production was confirmed throughout the chamber volume; however, the mean number density was found to decay below 1.3 x 10(14) cm(-3) near 100 mu s. Nonetheless, ignition induced by transient plasma was decidedly faster than by spark ignition. Using the high speed camera, ignition initiated by transient plasma was found to occur along the length of the anode at approximately 1 ms, leading to the formation of a wrinkled, cylindrically-shaped flame. Analysis of the flame front propagation rates shows that flames ignited by transient plasma propagate essentially at the speed consistent with well accepted literature values for the stoichiometric methane-air mixture. The supports the notion that residue plasma, if any has little effect on flame propagation. (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cathey, Charles; Cain, Jeremy; Wang, Hai; Gundersen, Martin A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Seaver Sci Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Michael] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Cathey, C (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Electrophys, Seaver Sci Ctr, SSC 410,920 W 37th Pl, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM cathey@usc.edu RI Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2008 VL 154 IS 4 BP 715 EP 727 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame-2008.03.025 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 344PR UT WOS:000258940300006 ER PT J AU Vahala, G Keating, B Soe, M Yepez, J Vahala, L Carter, J Ziegeler, S AF Vahala, G. Keating, B. Soe, M. Yepez, J. Vahala, L. Carter, J. Ziegeler, S. TI MHD turbulence studies using lattice Boltzmann algorithms SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE turbulence; lattice Boltzmann method; entropy; MHD ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; H-THEOREM; MODELS; HYDRODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE AB Three dimensional free-decaying MHD turbulence is simulated by lattice Boltzmann methods on a spatial grid of 8000(3) for low and high magnetic Prandtl number. It is verified that Delta . B = 0 is automatically maintained to machine accuracy throughout the simulation. Isosurfaces of vorticity and current show the persistence of many large scale structures (both magnetic and velocity) for long times - unlike the velocity isosurfaces of Navier-Stokes turbulence. C1 [Vahala, G.; Keating, B.] William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Keating, B.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Soe, M.] Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. [Yepez, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Carter, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ziegeler, S.] Mississippi State Univ, High Performance Comp Modernizat Program, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vahala, G (reprint author), William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM gvahala@gmail.com; brkeats@gmail.com; msoe.rsu@gmail.com; ieffrey.yepez@gmail.com; lvahala@odu.edu; jtcarter@lbl.gov; sean.ziegeler@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 624 EP 646 PG 23 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100013 ER PT J AU Jones, K Shinde, SR Clark, PN Hoeppner, DW AF Jones, Kimberli Shinde, Sachin R. Clark, Paul N. Hoeppner, David W. TI Effect of prior corrosion on short crack behavior in 2024-T3 aluminum alloy SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Corrosion fatigue; Pitting corrosion ID FATIGUE-LIFE; INITIATION; PREDICTION; GROWTH; PITS AB Two thicknesses of dogbone shaped 2024-T3 aluminum alloy specimens were notched and corroded prior to constant amplitude fatigue loading. The purpose of the subject research was to examine and characterize the effects of various levels of prior corrosion on the growth rate of short fatigue cracks. The specimens were notched and exposed to a corrosive environment per one of three defined protocols prior to experimentation. The notch was manually introduced at one edge of the test section of the specimen, which was later corroded to create a more natural site for crack origination. Fatigue crack nucleation was monitored and subsequent crack growth recorded, with results presented in the form of da/dN vs. Delta K curves. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Kimberli; Shinde, Sachin R.; Hoeppner, David W.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Clark, Paul N.] USAF, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP Jones, K (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, 50 S Cent Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Kimberli.Jones@utah.edu FU United States Air Force/Air Force Research Laboratory; Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company; Corrosion Fatigue Structural Demonstration Program FX The authors wish to acknowledge the United States Air Force/Air Force Research Laboratory and Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company for their financial support and the University of Utah for the use of their facilities. This study was funded through the Corrosion Fatigue Structural Demonstration Program. The authors would like to offer sincere thanks to Sergio Limon, Larry Smiltneek, Paul McMullin, and Charles "Torch" Elliott of the University of Utah for their contributions, as well as J.T. Huang and Robert Bell of Lockheed Martin for their technical oversight. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2588 EP 2595 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.06.039 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 364TT UT WOS:000260358900019 ER PT J AU Caravello, V McCullough, EA Ashley, CD Bernard, TE AF Caravello, Victor McCullough, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Candi D. Bernard, Thomas E. TI Apparent evaporative resistance at critical conditions for five clothing ensembles SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics CY 2007 CL Piran, SLOVENIA SP Ergon Soc DE heat stress; protective clothing; evaporative resistance ID HEAT-EXCHANGE; COEFFICIENTS; PREDICTION; STANDARDS; PROPOSAL; MODELS AB A limiting factor for clothing ensembles inherent during heat stress exposures is the evaporative resistance, which can be used to compare candidate ensembles and in rational models of heat exchange. In this study, the apparent total evaporative resistance of five clothing ensembles (cotton work clothes, cotton coveralls, and coveralls made of Tyvek (R) 1424 and 1427, NexGen (R) and Tychem QC (R)) was estimated empirically from wear trials using a progressive heat stress protocol and from clothing insulation adjustments based on ISO 9920 (2007) and wetness. The metabolic rate was moderate at 165 W m(-2) and relative humidity was held at 50%. Twenty-nine heat-acclimated participants (20 men and 9 women) completed trials for all clothing ensembles. A general linear mixed effects model (ensemble and participants as a random effect) was used to analyze the data. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) among ensembles were observed for apparent total evaporative resistance. As expected, Tychem QC had the highest apparent total evaporative resistance at 0.033 kPa m(2) W(-1). NexGen was next at 0.017 kPa m(2) W(-1). These were followed by Tyvek 1424 at 0.015 kPa m(2) W(-1), and Tyvek 1427, Cotton Coveralls and Work Clothes all at 0.013 kPa m(2) W(-1). This wear test method improves on past methods using the progressive protocol to determine evaporative resistance by including the effects of movement, air motion and wetness on the estimate of clothing insulation. The pattern of evaporative resistance is the same as that for critical WBGTs and a linear relationship between apparent total evaporative resistance and WBGT clothing adjustment factor is suggested. With the large sample size, a good estimate of sample variance associated with progressive method can be made, where the standard error is 0.0044 kPa m(2) W(-1) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.0040-0.0050 kPa m(2) W(-1). C1 [Caravello, Victor; Bernard, Thomas E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Caravello, Victor] AF Inst Operat Hlth, USAF, Okinawa, Japan. [McCullough, Elizabeth A.] Kansas State Univ, Inst Environm Res, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ashley, Candi D.] Univ S Florida, Coll Educ, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Bernard, TE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM tbernard@health.usf.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH003983, 1R01 OH03983] NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s00421-007-0655-9 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 339WZ UT WOS:000258609300029 PM 18172671 ER PT J AU Wu, MY Smits, KM Goltz, MN Christ, JA AF Wu, Monica Y. Smits, Kathleen M. Goltz, Mark N. . Christ, John A. TI A Screening Model for Injection-Extraction Treatment Well Recirculation System Design SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SITU COMETABOLIC BIODEGRADATION; FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; CAPTURE-ZONE; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; CHLORINATED ALIPHATICS; AQUIFER REMEDIATION; CIS-DCE; GROUNDWATER; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB Implementation of injection-extraction treatment well pairs for in situ, in-well, or on-site remediation may be facilitated by development and application of modeling tools to aid in hydraulic design and remediation technology selection. In this study, complex potential theory was employed to derive a simple one-step design equation and related type curves that permit the calculation of the extraction well capture zone and the hydraulic recirculation between an injection and extraction well pair oriented perpendicular to regional flow. This equation may be used to aid in the design of traditional fully screened injection-extraction wells as well as innovative tandem recirculating wells when an adequate geologic barrier to vertical ground water flow exists. Simplified models describing in situ bioremediation, in-well vapor stripping, and in-well metal reactor treatment efficiency were adapted from the literature and coupled with the hydraulic design equation presented here. Equations and type curves that combine the remediation treatment efficiency with the hydraulic design equation are presented to simulate overall system treatment efficiency under various conditions. The combined model is applied to predict performance of in situ bioremediation and in-well palladium reactor designs that were previously described in the literature. This model is expected to aid practitioners in treatment system screening and evaluation. C1 [Wu, Monica Y.; Smits, Kathleen M.; Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Goltz, Mark N. .] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.christ@usafa.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU U. S. Air Force (USAF) Academy, Colorado; KNDU, Stanford; Air Force Institute of Technology FX This research was supported in part with funds from the U. S. Air Force (USAF) Academy, Colorado. A portion of this work was conducted while the third author was on sabbatical at the Korea National Defense University (KNDU), South Korea, and Stanford University, California. The support of KNDU, Stanford, and the Air Force Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the USAF, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.00212.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 379LB UT WOS:000261396600005 ER PT J AU Heiderscheidt, JL Crimi, M Siegrist, RL Singletary, MA AF Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L. Crimi, Michelle Siegrist, Robert L. Singletary, Michael A. TI Optimization of Full-Scale Permanganate ISCO System Operation: Laboratory and Numerical Studies SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OXIDATION; NATURAL OXIDANT DEMAND; CHEMICAL OXIDATION; AQUIFER; GENESIS; SOLIDS; KMNO4; DNAPL AB Laboratory characterization studies, one-dimensional flow-through studies, and numerical model simulations were conducted to examine site conditions and system features that may have adversely affected in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) performance at the Naval Training Center's (NTC) Operable Unit 4 located in Orlando, Florida, and to identify potential ISCO system modifications to achieve the desired remediation performance. At the NTC site, ISCO was implemented using vertical injection wells to deliver potassium permanganate into a ground water zone for treatment of tetrachloroethylene and its breakdown products. However, oxidant distribution was much more limited than anticipated. Characterization studies revealed that the ground water zone being treated by ISCO was very fine sand with a small effective particle size and low uniformity coefficient, along with a high organic carbon content, high natural oxidant demand (NOD), and a high ground water dissolved solids concentration, all of which contributed to full-scale ISCO application difficulties. These site conditions contributed to injection well permeability loss and an inability to achieve the design oxidant injection flow rate, limiting the actual oxidant distribution at the site. Flow-through experiments demonstrated that more favorable oxidant delivery and distribution conditions are enabled by applying a lower oxidant concentration at a faster delivery rate for a greater number of pore volumes. Numerical simulations, run for a variety of conditions (injection/extraction well flow rates, injected oxidant concentration, amount of NOD present, and NOD oxidation rate), also revealed that low-oxidant concentration injection at a high flow rate is a more effective method to deliver the required mass of oxidant to the target treatment zone. C1 [Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crimi, Michelle] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Environm Hlth Sci Program, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Crimi, Michelle] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Environm Sci & Policy Program, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Siegrist, Robert L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singletary, Michael A.] USN, Facil Engn Command SE, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Heiderscheidt, JL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jeffrey.heiderscheidt@us.af.mil FU Naval Facilities Engineering Command FX This project was completed with funding provided by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Shannon Jackson and Sarah Seitz from the Colorado School of Mines and Tom Palaia from CH2M Hill are acknowledged for their key contributions in completing these studies. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.00213.x PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 379LB UT WOS:000261396600006 ER PT J AU Basler, CMR AF Basler, Captain Matthew R. TI Warhorse: Cavalry in ancient warfare SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 [Basler, Captain Matthew R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Basler, CMR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD FAL PY 2008 VL 70 IS 3 BP 599 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00221_61.x PG 2 WC History SC History GA 347NP UT WOS:000259148600066 ER PT J AU Westermann, EB AF Westermann, Edward B. TI Nazi empire-building and the Holocaust in Ukraine SO HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Westermann, Edward B.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Westermann, EB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 8756-6583 EI 1476-7937 J9 HOLOCAUST GENOCIDE S JI Holocaust Genocide Stud. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 356 EP 358 DI 10.1093/hgs/dcn038 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 341KN UT WOS:000258713500012 ER PT J AU Ferrante, CJ AF Ferrante, Claudia J. TI The embezzler SO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ferrante, Claudia J.] USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ferrante, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0090-4848 J9 HUM RESOUR MANAGE JI Hum. Resour. Manage. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 659 EP 661 DI 10.1002/hrm.20237 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 341SD UT WOS:000258734300014 ER PT J AU Bayraktaroglu, B Leedy, K Neidhard, R AF Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Leedy, Kevin Neidhard, Robert TI Microwave ZnO thin-film transistors SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FET; ON/OFF ratio; pulsed laser deposition; subthreshold voltage swing; thin-film transistors (TFTs); zinc oxide (ZnO) ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOBILITY AB We have developed ZnO thin-film transistor design and fabrication techniques to demonstrate microwave frequency operation with 2-mu m gate length devices produced on GaAs sub strates. Using SiO2 gate insulator and pulsed laser deposited ZnO active layers, a drain-current ON/OFF ratio of 10(12), a drain-current density of 400 mA/mm, a field-effect mobility of 110 cm(2)/V center dot s, and a subthreshold gate voltage swing of 109 mV/dec were achieved. Devices with Ti-gate metal had current and power gain cutoff frequencies of 500 and 400 MHz, respectively. C1 [Bayraktaroglu, Burhan; Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, RYDD, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Bayraktaroglu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RYDD, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM burhan.bayraktaroglu@wpafb.af.mil RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR 07SN03COR] FX This work was supported in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR 07SN03COR (Dr. Kitt Reinhart). The review of this letter was arranged by Editor Y.Taur. NR 19 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1024 EP 1026 DI 10.1109/LED.2008.2001635 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 353MZ UT WOS:000259573400017 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Ongstad, AR Dente, GC Tilton, ML Tauke-Pedretti, A AF Kaspi, Ron Ongstad, Andrew R. Dente, Gregory C. Tilton, Michael L. Tauke-Pedretti, Anna TI Optically Pumped Midinfrared Laser With Simultaneous Dual-Wavelength Emission SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antimonide laser; semiconductor lasers; two-color; type-II quantum wells AB We demonstrate optically pumped semiconductor lasers that are capable of simultaneously emitting at two different midinfrared wavelengths. The wavelengths can be independently chosen and designed into the heterostructure. The epitaxial III-V antimonide structure employs two sets of type-II quantum wells in a waveguide that is partitioned by a thin electrical barrier that is transparent to the pump radiation. Two-color devices emitting at wavelengths as far apart as similar to 4.0 and similar to 5.4 mu m are reported. C1 [Kaspi, Ron; Tauke-Pedretti, Anna] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Natl Res Council, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Natl Res Council, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM ron.kaspi@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17-20 BP 1467 EP 1469 DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.927900 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 361HV UT WOS:000260119600011 ER PT J AU Fallahi, M Fan, L Kaneda, Y Hessenius, C Hader, J Li, H Moloney, JV Kunert, B Stolz, W Koch, SW Murray, J Bedford, R AF Fallahi, Mahmoud Fan, Li Kaneda, Yushi Hessenius, Chris Hader, Joerg Li, Hongbo Moloney, Jerome V. Kunert, Bernardette Stolz, Wolfgang Koch, Stephan W. Murray, James Bedford, Robert TI 5-W Yellow Laser by Intracavity Frequency Doubling of High-Power Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Intracavity frequency doubling; optically pumped semiconductor lasers; tunable vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) ID NM AB We report on the development of a high-power tunable yellow-orange laser. It is based on intracavity frequency doubling of a widely tunable, highly strained InGaAs-GaAs vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser operating near 1175 nm. Over 5 W of continuous-wave output power is achieved and is tunable over a 15-nm band centered at 587 nm. This compact low-cost high-power yellow-orange laser provides an innovative alternative for sodium guidestar lasers, medical and communication applications. C1 [Fallahi, Mahmoud; Fan, Li; Kaneda, Yushi; Hessenius, Chris; Li, Hongbo] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fan, Li] LaserTel Inc, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA. [Hader, Joerg; Moloney, Jerome V.] Nonlinear Control Strategies, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. [Hader, Joerg; Moloney, Jerome V.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kunert, Bernardette; Stolz, Wolfgang; Koch, Stephan W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Murray, James] Arete Associates, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. [Bedford, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fallahi, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fallahi@optics.arizona.edu NR 8 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 32 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17-20 BP 1700 EP 1702 DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.2003413 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 361HV UT WOS:000260119600085 ER PT J AU Iyer, R Toda, M Holsapple, R AF Iyer, Ram Toda, Magdalena Holsapple, Raymond TI On an optical inertial navigation system - Part II SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE optical inertial navigation system (ONS) ID FLOW; SENSOR AB In Part I, we developed the optical transfer function of the lens-fiber system for quasi-monochromatic, incoherent excitation, and studied the properties of the kernel function. We also studied the cross-talk between the fibers of the lens-fiber system for a worker bee and an artificial eye, and showed that it is not significant. This allows us in this paper, to consider a mathematical idealization of a corneal surface as a continuum of lens-fiber systems. We consider this surface to be a regular immersion of class r >= 2 that is the image in R(3) of a simply connected, open set in R(2). We study the change in the power propagated in the fiber due to virtual motions of the corneal surface and show that for motion along the axis, the power propagated is invariant. Finally, we show that the ego-motion estimation problem is well-posed for sufficiently rich quasi-monochromatic, incoherent excitation on an allowable, regular corneal surface, and further show that the solution does not depend on the parameterization of the surfaces or the parameters of the aircraft (such as mass and inertia matrix) on which the ONS is mounted. C1 [Iyer, Ram; Toda, Magdalena] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Holsapple, Raymond] USAF, Ctr Excellence Control Sci, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Iyer, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM ram.iyer@ttu.edu; magda.toda@ttu.edu; raymond.holsapple@wpafb.af.mil FU NRC/AFOSR; ASEE/AFOSR; NSF REU and DOD ASSURE [DMS 0552908]; Air Vehicles Directorate graduate student assistantship FX This work was supported by a NRC/AFOSR summer faculty fellowship in 2004, a ASEE/AFOSR summer faculty fellowship and by an NSF REU and DOD ASSURE grant DMS 0552908 during Summer 2006, and an Air Vehicles Directorate graduate student assistantship during summer 2004 and spring 2005. Recommended by Associate Editor J. P. Hespanha. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1864 EP 1875 DI 10.1109/TAC.2008.929390 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 354LQ UT WOS:000259641500007 ER PT J AU Li, XF Luo, ZL Bao, J Gao, C Lu, YL AF Li, Xuefei Luo, Zhenlin Bao, Jun Gao, Chen Lu, Yalin TI Combinatorial screening of the BiDyYb iron garnet material system for high Kerr rotation composition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Bi-substituted rare earth iron garnet; combinatorial screening; high-throughput characterization; Kerr rotation; magneto-optical storage ID FARADAY-ROTATION; LIBRARIES; MEDIA AB We investigated the (Bi(x)Dy(y)Yb(3-x-y))Fe(5)O(12) ternary combinatorial composition spread with the goal of finding new compositions with a large magneto-optical effect for possible use as magneto-optical storage materials. High-throughput magneto-optical characterization of the spread showed that the Dy(0.6)Yb(0.5)Bi(1.9)Fe(5)O(12) composition has the largest Kerr effect in this ternary system. After annealing at 690 degrees C for 1 h, a scaled-up thin-film sample of this composition has a remanent magnetization as high as 90% of its saturation magnetization, indicating a good storage application potential. C1 [Li, Xuefei; Luo, Zhenlin; Bao, Jun; Gao, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, Xuefei; Luo, Zhenlin; Bao, Jun; Gao, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gao, C (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. EM cgao@ustc.edu.cn RI 高, 琛/F-7537-2010; Ding, Jianjun/C-1530-2009; luo, zhenlin/G-2662-2013 FU NSFC [50721061, 50772106] FX This work was supported by the NSFC under Grant 50721061, 50772106. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2091 EP 2094 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2000736 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 353MJ UT WOS:000259571800001 ER PT J AU Smith, SD AF Smith, Suzanne D. TI Dynamic characteristics and human perception of vibration aboard a military propeller aircraft SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Whole-body vibration; Propeller aircraft; Seat cushions; Prolonged exposures; Frequency weightings; Human vibration perception AB This study investigated the dynamic characteristics and human perception of higher-frequency multi-axis vibration associated with a military propeller aircraft environment. Triaxial accelerations were measured at the interfaces between the occupant and aircraft seat surface (seat pan and seat back) to evaluate and compare the effects of the aircraft seat fitted with different cushions. While all cushions showed a significant reduction in the X-axis seat pan vibration as compared to the original operational seat cushion at the blade passage frequency (BPF similar to 73.5 Hz), the associated accelerations remained significantly higher than the floor input accelerations. Transmissibility data confirmed these seat system characteristics at higher frequencies. A body region perception survey suggested that the subjects were most sensitive to the BPF component of the operational exposure. In contrast, the weighted acceleration levels (ISO 2631-1: 1997) suggested that the subjects would perceive the highest vibration in the vertical (Z) direction at the seat pan with substantial contributions in the X direction from the seat back, particularly at the propeller rotation frequency (PRF similar to 18.5 Hz). The overall Vibration Total Value (ISO 2631-1: 1997) suggested that the operational exposures would be perceived as being "not uncomfortable" to "a little uncomfortable." Relevance to industry Effective multi-axis vibration mitigation strategies depend on the relationships between the location, direction, and level of vibration entering the occupant and human perception of the exposure. Current human exposure guidelines may not optimally reflect these relationships for assessing higher-frequency propeller aircraft work environments and should be applied with caution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RHPA, 2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM suzanne.smith@wpafb.af.mil FU Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy [63706N M0096.004-6813] FX The author would like to acknowledge Jeanne A. Smith and David R. Bowden, General Dynamics AIS, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, and Jennifer G. Jurcsisn and Anne Y. Walker, AFRL/RHPA, Wright-Patterson AFB OH for their assistance in this study. The collection of the operational E-2C Hawkeye vibration signals used in this study was funded by the Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, under Work Unit no. 63706N M0096.004-6813. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 868 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2007.10.021 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 357KY UT WOS:000259845900021 ER PT J AU Torgerson, JF Jumper, GY AF Torgerson, Joshua F. Jumper, George Y. TI A New Look at High-Altitude Turbulence SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE AB Reconnaissance by aircraft from high altitudes remains an important priority for the Department of Defense. Aircraft at these altitudes experience both traditional mechanical turbulence as well as oscillatory fluctuations of temperature and horizontal and vertical wind speeds, which are attributed to gravity (also called buoyancy) waves. This paper investigates the effects of wavelike behavior on high-flying aircraft, finding high aircraft loads at certain frequencies. Aircraft are most susceptible to problems at the upper range of altitudes. This analysis shows that autopilots based on maintaining a constant Mach number and an indicated airspeed are both susceptible to temperature fluctuations. In addition, temperature changes shift the flight envelope, creating potentially dangerous stall or overspeeding conditions. The absence of temperature variation requirements in current aviation continuous gust load specifications along with a possible deficiency in gust magnitude design requirements at high altitude lead to a recommendation for revisiting high-altitude turbulence requirements and investigating the vulnerabilities of high altitude unmanned aircraft. C1 [Torgerson, Joshua F.; Jumper, George Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Torgerson, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1744 EP 1750 DI 10.2514/1.36092 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360RF UT WOS:000260074500028 ER PT J AU Head, WP AF Head, William P. TI The war that never ends: New perspectives on the Vietnam War SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Head, William P.] Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Off Hist, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Head, WP (reprint author), Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Off Hist, Robins AFB, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 615 EP 616 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 353GO UT WOS:000259554300156 ER PT J AU Denton, ML Foltz, MS Schuster, KJ Noojin, GD Estlack, LE Thomas, RJ AF Denton, Michael L. Foltz, Michael S. Schuster, Kurt J. Noojin, Gary D. Estlack, Larry E. Thomas, Robert J. TI In vitro model that approximates retinal damage threshold trends SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVIII CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE retinal pigment epithelia; damage threshold; action spectra; temporal action profile; in vitro model; Probit ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; WAVELENGTH; EXPOSURE; LASERS AB Without effective in vitro damage models, advances in our understanding of the physics and biology of laser-tissue interaction would be hampered due to cost and ethical limitations placed on the use of nonhuman primates. We extend our characterization of laser-induced cell death in an existing in vitro retinal model to include damage thresholds at 514 and 413 nm. The new data, when combined with data previously reported for 532 and 458 nm exposures, provide a sufficiently broad range of wavelengths and exposure durations (0.1 to 100 s) to make comparisons with minimum visible lesion (in vivo) data in the literature. Based on similarities between in vivo and in vitro action spectra and temporal action profiles, the cell culture model is found to respond to laser irradiation in a fundamentally similar fashion as the retina of the rhesus animal model. We further show that this response depends on the amount of intracellular melanin pigmentation. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.2981831] C1 [Denton, Michael L.; Foltz, Michael S.; Schuster, Kurt J.; Noojin, Gary D.] Warfighter Concepts & Applicat Dept, San Antonio, TX USA. [Estlack, Larry E.] Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. [Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), 2650 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 AR 054014 DI 10.1117/1.2981831 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 384SQ UT WOS:000261764900023 PM 19021394 ER PT J AU Vincelette, RL Welch, AJ Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Lund, DJ AF Vincelette, Rebecca L. Welch, Ashley J. Thomas, Robert J. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Lund, David J. TI Thermal lensing in ocular media exposed to continuous-wave near-infrared radiation: the 1150-1350-nm region SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE thermal lensing; ocular damage; near infrared; laser tissue interaction; damage mechanisms; action spectrum ID RETINAL-DAMAGE THRESHOLD; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; LASER IRRADIATION; RABBIT RETINA; SCHEMATIC EYE; YAG LASER; INJURY; ABSORPTION; IR; TEMPERATURES AB Ocular damage threshold data remain sparse in the continuous wave (CW), near-infrared (NIR) radiation region save for the 1300-nm area that has been investigated in the past several decades. The 1300-nm ocular damage data have yielded unusual characteristics where CW retinal damage was observed in rabbit models, but never in nonhuman primate models. This paper reviews the existing 1300-nm ocular damage threshold data in terms of the fundamental criteria of an action spectrum to assist in explaining laser-tissue effects from near-infrared radiation in the eye. Reviewing the action spectrum criteria and existing NIR retinal lesion data lend evidence toward the significant presence of thermal lensing in ocular media affecting damage, a relatively unexplored mechanism of laser-tissue interaction. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.2978066] C1 [Vincelette, Rebecca L.; Welch, Ashley J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate Opt, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Lund, David J.] USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Vincelette, RL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, 1 Univ Stn,C0800, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rebecca.vincelette@gmail.com NR 71 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 AR 054005 DI 10.1117/1.2978066 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 384SQ UT WOS:000261764900014 PM 19021385 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Becker, CR Grein, CH Zhao, J Fulk, C Casselman, T Kiran, R Wang, XJ Robinson, E An, SY Mallick, S Sivananthan, S Aoki, T Wang, CZ Smith, DJ Velicu, S Zhao, J Crocco, J Chen, Y Brill, G Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dhar, N Sporken, R Nathan, V AF Chang, Yong Becker, C. R. Grein, C. H. Zhao, J. Fulk, C. Casselman, T. Kiran, R. Wang, X. J. Robinson, E. An, S. Y. Mallick, S. Sivananthan, S. Aoki, T. Wang, C. Z. Smith, D. J. Velicu, S. Zhao, J. Crocco, J. Chen, Y. Brill, G. Wijewarnasuriya, P. S. Dhar, N. Sporken, R. Nathan, V. TI Surface morphology and defect formation mechanisms for HgCdTe (211)B grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE HgCdTe; molecular beam epitaxy; defect; slip; Schmid factor; Burgers vector; dislocation ID MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CROSS-HATCH; HGTE/HGCDTE SUPERLATTICES; STRESS-RELAXATION; CRATER DEFECTS; VOID DEFECTS; EPILAYERS; CDTE AB The surface morphology and crystallinity of HgCdTe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on both CdZnTe and CdTe/Si (211)B substrates were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Crosshatch patterns and sandy-beach-like morphologies were commonly found on MBE (211) HgCdTe epilayers grown on both CdZnTe and CdTe/Si substrates. The patterns were oriented along the [(2) over bar 13], [(2) over bar 13], and [0 (1) over bar1] directions, which were associated with the intersection between the (211) growth plane and each of the eight equivalent HgCdTe slip planes. This was caused by strain-driven operation of slip in these systems with relative large Schmid factor, and was accompanied by dislocation formation as well as surface strain relief. Surface crater defects were associated with relatively high growth temperature and/or low Hg flux, whereas microtwins were associated with relatively low growth temperature and/or high Hg flux. AFM and electron microscopy were used to reveal the formation mechanisms of these defects. HgCdTe/HgCdTe superlattices with layer composition differences of less than 2% were grown by MBE on CdZnTe substrates in order to clarify the formation mechanisms of void defects. The micrographs directly revealed the spiral nature of growth, hence demonstrating that the formation of void defects could be associated with the Burton, Cabrera, and Frank (BCF) growth mode. Void defects, including microvoids and craters, were caused by screw defect clusters, which could be triggered by Te precipitates, impurities, dust, other contamination or flakes. Needle defects originated from screw defect clusters linearly aligned along the [0 (1) over bar1] directions with opposite Burgers vector directions. They were visible in HgCdTe epilayers grown on interfacial superlattices. Hillocks were generated owing to twin growth of void or needle defects on (111) planes due to low growth temperature and the corresponding insufficient Hg movement on the growth surface. Therefore, in addition to nucleation and growth of HgCdTe in the normal two-dimensional layer growth mode, the BCF growth mode played an important role and should be taken into account during investigation of HgCdTe MBE growth mechanisms. C1 [Chang, Yong; Becker, C. R.; Grein, C. H.; Zhao, J.; Fulk, C.; Casselman, T.; Kiran, R.; Wang, X. J.; Robinson, E.; An, S. Y.; Mallick, S.; Sivananthan, S.; Sporken, R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Aoki, T.; Wang, C. Z.; Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Aoki, T.; Wang, C. Z.; Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Velicu, S.; Zhao, J.; Crocco, J.] EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Chen, Y.; Brill, G.; Wijewarnasuriya, P. S.; Dhar, N.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sporken, R.] Univ Namur FUNDP, Dept Phys, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. [Nathan, V.] AF Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Chang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM yonchang@uic.edu RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013; Aoki, Toshihiro/I-4852-2015 NR 59 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1171 EP 1183 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0477-5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 346AZ UT WOS:000259042100003 ER PT J AU Doyel, DE AF Doyel, David E. TI Hohokam Residential Organization at Kearny, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A Hohokam Sacaton phase (A.D. 950-1100) courtyard group excavated at Kearny along the Gila River in central Arizona (designated AZ V: 13:201[ASM]) consists of seven houses and associated features. The features, material culture, chronology, subsistence, growth sequence, activity structure, group size, and formation and abandonment processes of this courtyard group are discussed. The findings reinforce the interpretation that courtyard groups were fundamental features of Hohokam society and were a common form of residential organization across the region. The study highlights the value of spatial studies in the analysis of archaeological sites. C1 [Doyel, David E.] USAF, Luke AFB, Glendale, AZ USA. RP Doyel, DE (reprint author), POB 60474, Phoenix, AZ 85082 USA. EM david.doyel@us.af.mil NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOURNAL FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV 675 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 371PI UT WOS:000260843000001 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, D AF Westmoreland, David TI Evidence of selection for egg crypsis in conspicuous nests SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Robin; egg color; egg crypsis; nest-crypsis hypothesis ID EGGSHELL PIGMENTATION; SEXUAL SELECTION; PARENTAL EFFORT; COLOR; BIRDS; REFLECTANCE; ADAPTATION; BLACKBIRDS; PASSERINES; PREDATION AB The value of egg coloration as crypsis, once accepted as a general principle, has recently been questioned because most experiments have failed to show that egg coloration deters predation. The nest-crypsis hypothesis postulates that, among species that build conspicuous nests, selection for egg crypsis is relaxed or absent because visually searching predators detect nests prior to eggs. I tested the nest-crypsis hypothesis using the large, relatively conspicuous nests of American Robins (Turdus migratorius), and eggs that differed markedly in color that were collected from the nests of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Brewer's Blackbirds (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus). Each nest (N = 22) received a clutch of each species during three sequential predation trials that were 16 d in duration. The order of clutch presentation was randomized for each nest. Survival trends for Brewer's and Yellow-headed Blackbirds were similar, and higher than those for clutches of Red-winged Blackbirds. By the end of trials, overall survival of the three clutch types was roughly equivalent. However, clutches of Red-winged Blackbird eggs, the most conspicuous egg type to the human eye, were discovered sooner by predators. Because the experimental design controlled for effects of nest crypsis, nest location, and nest size, this difference in egg survival can be attributed to differences in egg pigmentation. Thus, my results support a role for egg coloration as camouflage in conspicuous nests. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Westmoreland, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA DFB, 2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM David.Westmoreland@usafa.edu NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00172.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 352VM UT WOS:000259525500004 ER PT J AU Frank, GJ Joo, JJ Sanders, B Garner, DM Murray, AP AF Frank, Geoffrey J. Joo, James J. Sanders, Brian Garner, David M. Murray, Andrew P. TI Mechanization of a high aspect ratio wing for aerodynamic control SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies (ICAST) CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Bar Harbor, ME DE morphing aircraft; mechanism design; compliant mechanism; adaptive wing; sensorcraft ID CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION; COMPLIANT MECHANISMS; OPTIMIZATION AB Investigations are conducted to mechanize a controlled spanwise-varying airfoil camber change for a high aspect ratio wing, resulting in optimized aerodynamic performance for a aircraft that changes weight by 50% over its mission. Mechanisms to achieve these shape changes are designed based on two separate design methodologies: a rigid body kinematics approach and a compliant mechanism approach. A framework for optimizing mechanisms based on each approach is presented. Differences between the approaches are illustrated through the design of a mechanism for a specific set of airfoil shapes. Mechanisms are evaluated based on the error in the shapes and on the energy efficiency of the systems. C1 [Frank, Geoffrey J.; Joo, James J.; Murray, Andrew P.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sanders, Brian] Langley AFB, Air Combat Command, Langley, VA 23665 USA. [Garner, David M.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frank, GJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM geoffrey.frank@udri.udayton.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1101 EP 1112 DI 10.1177/1045389X08096734 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 349SL UT WOS:000259303500010 ER PT J AU Li, J Okamoto, H Yin, C Jagannathan, J Takizawa, J Aoki, S Glasker, S Rushing, EJ Vortmeyer, AO Oldfield, EH Yamanaka, R Zhuang, ZP AF Li, Jie Okamoto, Hiroaki Yin, Chunyue Jagannathan, Jay Takizawa, Jun Aoki, Sadao Glaesker, Sven Rushing, Elisabeth J. Vortmeyer, Alexander O. Oldfield, Edward H. Yamanaka, Ryuya Zhuang, Zhengping TI Proteomic characterization of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas in the central nervous system - Laboratory investigation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE B-cell lymphoma; gel electrophoresis; proteomics; sporadic systemic lymphoma; Western blot ID PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; CLASSICAL HODGKINS-DISEASE; PRIMARY MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; REED-STERNBERG CELLS; PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN TRANSCRIPTION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; WHITE-MATTER; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS; GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME AB Object. The lack of primary lymphoid tissue within the central nervous system (CNS) confounds our understanding of the pathogenesis of primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSLs). Comparing the protein expression of PCNSLs and sporadic systemic lymphomas (SSLs) provides a useful strategy for identifying a molecular signature that characterizes disease-associated features and provides information regarding tumor initiation and progression. Methods. Seven diffuse large B-cell PCNSLs were selected to undergo 2D gel electrophoresis, and profiled proteomes from these PCNSLs were compared with those from 7 diffuse large B-cell SSLs. Distinguishing proteins were sequenced using mass spectrometry. Results. Two-dimensional get electrophoresis identified an average of 706 proteins from each specimen. Computerized gel analysis and manual reconfirmation revealed a 96% similarity in the proteomes of PCNSLs and SSLs. Comparative analysis identified 9 proteins significantly overexpressed (p < 0.05) and 16 proteins downregulated in PCNSLs. The proteomic findings were further validated using Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions. The similarities in proteomic patterns between PCNSLs and SSLs suggest that these tumor types share structural similarities, acquired during differentiation. The ultimate fate of lymphomatous cells (CNS vs systemic) may be related to differentially expressed proteins, which function in homing and host processing. Elucidating the roles of these differentially expressed proteins will prove valuable in understanding the pathogenesis of PCNSL. C1 [Li, Jie; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Yin, Chunyue; Jagannathan, Jay; Glaesker, Sven; Vortmeyer, Alexander O.; Oldfield, Edward H.; Zhuang, Zhengping] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Takizawa, Jun; Aoki, Sadao] Niigata Univ, Div Hematol, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Niigata, Japan. [Rushing, Elisabeth J.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol & Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Yamanaka, Ryuya] Niigata Univ, Brain Res Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Niigata 95021, Japan. [Jagannathan, Jay] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Neurosurg, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Zhuang, ZP (reprint author), Room 5D37,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zhuangp@ninds.nih.gov FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3 BP 536 EP 546 DI 10.3171/JNS/2008/109/9/0536 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 344CX UT WOS:000258904400027 PM 18759588 ER PT J AU Blake, CG Ross, MD AF Blake, Charles G. Ross, Michael D. TI Femoral neck fracture in a military trainee SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article C1 [Ross, Michael D.] Phys Med Training Programs, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. RP Blake, CG (reprint author), 434th Field Artillery Brigade, Ft Sill, OK USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 578 EP 578 DI 10.2519/jospt.2008.0409 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 351XH UT WOS:000259458700008 PM 18758049 ER PT J AU Poggie, J AF Poggie, Jonathan TI Numerical simulation of direct current glow discharges for high-speed flow control SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION-CORNER FLOWS AB Numerical studies of glow discharges were carried out to evaluate their utility for flow control applications. As part of this project, a three-dimensional computer code has been written to solve the fluid conservation laws, the charged particle continuity equations under the drift-diffusion model, and the Poisson equation for the electric potential. Glow discharge calculations have been carried out in the absence of How, exploring the effects of background pressure, applied magnetic fields, and finite electrodes. With the presence of a Mach 5 crossflow, three-dimensional computations have identified the origin of the downward force in a "plasma flap" concept as dissipative heating in the vicinity of the cathode, and rough agreement has been obtained between numerical predictions and experimental measurements of the total temperature rise in that region. A simplified actuator model has been applied in the numerical exploration of the control of a Mach 14 compression ramp flow, and suitable actuator locations and power levels have been identified. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers FX This work has been sponsored in part by grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (monitored by J. Schmisseur and F. Fahroo) and by grants of High Performance Computing time from several of the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers. The author would like to acknowledge helpful discussions over the years with his colleagues at the Air Force Research Laboratory Computational Sciences Branch and with I. Adamovich, W. Hilbun, R. Kimmel, S. Macheret, J. Shang, M. Shneider, N. Sternberg, and S. Surzhikov. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 916 EP 922 DI 10.2514/1.24403 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 348LF UT WOS:000259211300003 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Kimmel, RL Menart, J Surzhikov, ST AF Shang, J. S. Kimmel, R. L. Menart, J. Surzhikov, S. T. TI Hypersonic flow control using surface plasma actuator SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETO-AERODYNAMICS; ENERGY DEPOSITION; GLOW-DISCHARGE; DRAG REDUCTION; BLUNT-BODY; INJECTION; MECHANISMS AB Plasma-fluid-dynamic interaction has been shown to be a viable mechanism for hypersonic flow control. An effective and verified flow control process using direct current surface discharge is summarized. The operating principle is based on a small electromagnetic perturbation to the growth rate of the displacement thickness of a shear layer that is strongly amplified by a subsequent pressure interaction. The aerodynamic control is delivered in less than a millisecond time frame and produces no parasitic effect when deactivated. The magnitude of the resultant aerodynamic force and moment can be significant and does not require a large amount of power for plasma generation to overcome the inefficient ionizing process, thus reducing the weight of a high-speed vehicle. The electromagnetic perturbation is derived from a surface gas discharge with or without an externally applied magnetic field. An embedded plasma actuator near the leading edge of a flat plate has produced high surface pressure equivalent to more than a 5 deg flow deflection at Mach 5, and the flow control effectiveness will increase with an increasing oncoming Mach number. The detailed flow structure of weakly ionized airstreams has been investigated by a combination of experimental effort and computational simulation solving the magneto-fluid-dynamic equations in the low magnetic Reynolds number limit with a drift-diffusion plasma model. The identical plasma actuator is investigated as a variable geometry cowl of a hypersonic inlet. All phenomena are replicated by computational results and are fully validated by experimental observations. C1 [Shang, J. S.; Menart, J.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kimmel, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. [Surzhikov, S. T.] Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 119526, Russia. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Surzhikov, Sergey/A-6149-2009 OI Surzhikov, Sergey/0000-0002-7772-0538 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The sponsorship of J. Schmisseur and F. Fahroo of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is deeply appreciated. The authors are in debt to James Hayes for his invaluable contributions to all aspects of experimental observations and operations of the plasma channel of the Air Vehicle Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 923 EP 934 DI 10.2514/1.24413 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 348LF UT WOS:000259211300004 ER PT J AU Corke, TC Post, ML Orlov, DM AF Corke, Thomas C. Post, Martiqua L. Orlov, Dmitriy M. TI Single-dielectric barrier discharge plasma enhanced aerodynamics: Concepts, optimization, and applications SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION CONTROL; ACTUATORS AB This paper deals with the physics and design of single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators for enhanced aerodynamics in a variety of applications. The actuators consist of two electrodes: one exposed to the air and the other covered by a dielectric material. The electrodes are supplied with an alternating current voltage that, at high enough levels, causes the air over the covered electrode to ionize. The ionized air, in the presence of the electric field produced by the electrode geometry, results in a body force vector that acts on the ambient air. The body force is the mechanism for active aerodynamic control. The plasma generation is a dynamic process within the alternating current cycle. The body force per unit volume of plasma has been derived from first principles and implemented in numerical flow simulations. Models for the time and space dependence of the body force on the input voltage amplitude, frequency, electrode geometry, and dielectric properties have been developed and used along with experiments to optimize actuator performance. This paper presents results that highlight the plasma actuator characteristics and modeling approach. This is followed by overviews of some of the applications that include leading-edge separation control oil airfoils, dynamic-stall vortex control on oscillating airfoils, and trailing-edge separation control on simulated turbine blades. C1 [Post, Martiqua L.; Orlov, Dmitriy M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Corke, Thomas C.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Orlov, Dmitriy/D-2406-2016 OI Orlov, Dmitriy/0000-0002-2230-457X NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 935 EP 945 DI 10.2514/1.24430 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 348LF UT WOS:000259211300005 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV AF Gaitonde, Datta V. TI High-speed magnetohydrodynamic flow control analyses with three-dimensional simulations SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-SCHEMES; SCRAMJET; BYPASS; MODELS AB Magnetohydrodynamic studies of high-speed flow control are described with emphasis on understanding fluid response to specific plasma-based perturbations. The theoretical model consists of a verified blend of first principles and empirical components. Detailed analysis is presented of the effect of magnitudes and gradients of magnetic and electric fields, their orientation relative to the velocity vector, ionized region location and extent, and various nondimensional parameters. The balance between ponderomotive force and heating is a major determinant of the effectiveness through competition between work and ohmic dissipation and viscous/inviscid interactions play a crucial role by distorting the velocity field. The interaction with an external circuit through electrodes is relatively efficient when fluid is slowed and energy is extracted, but yields high boundary-layer heating and loss of control performance when fluid is accelerated. These observations are employed to unify results focused on a broad range of objectives. Specific flowfields examined include heat transfer reduction in an Edney type-IV interaction at Mach 8, three-dimensional separation suppression at Mach 5 with magnetic-field-facilitated momentum transfer, inviscid instability-growth-rate modulation in an entropy layer at Mach 6, and energy management in simulated tip-to-tail scramjet designs of both axisymmetric and rectangular cross sections. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Shared Resource Centers; Army High Performance Computing Research Center; Arctic Region Supercomputing Center; Naval Oceanographic Office; Aeronautical Systems Center; Engineer Research and Development Center FX The author is grateful for U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research sponsorship under separate tasks monitored by J. Schmisseur and F. Fahroo. This work was also supported in part by a grant of computer time from the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Shared Resource Centers at the Army High Performance Computing Research Center, Arctic Region Supercomputing Center, Naval Oceanographic Office, Aeronautical Systems Center, and Engineer Research and Development Center. The author also acknowledges discussions and collaborations with several colleagues, including A. Tumin. M. Visbal, J. Shang, J. Poggie, R. Kimmel, and R. MacCormack. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 946 EP 961 DI 10.2514/1.24507 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 348LF UT WOS:000259211300006 ER PT J AU Wisman, DL Marcum, SD Ganguly, BN AF Wisman, David L. Marcum, S. D. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Chemi-ion-current-induced dissociative recombination in premixed hydrocarbon/air flames SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CONTROL; HEAT RELEASE; AIR FLAMES; COMBUSTION; INSTABILITIES AB This work focuses on the effects of a chemi-ion current induced by an applied positive bias on downward propagating, atmospheric pressure premixed hydrocarbon-air flames fueled by methane (CH4), propane (C3H8), and n butane (C4H10). Applied voltages up to 3.2 kV over a 40 mm gap encompassing the flame front have been used to observe flame height and stability modifications compared with the no-applied-voltage case in flames with equivalence ratios of 1.0 and flow velocities up to 1.3 m/s. The observed experimental results suggest that, under the conditions studied for this work, the ionic wind is not responsible for the flame modifications. Chemi-ion-current-driven flame ion recombination chemistry that would produce light reactants near the burner head, similar to externally sustained plasma-assisted combustion techniques, is proposed to account for the observed flame perturbations. Current-continuity-based calculations that allow estimates of the production level for these reactants are reported. Possible flame fluid and flame chemistry modifications caused by the production of light radicals are also discussed. C1 [Wisman, David L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Marcum, S. D.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported ill part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Julian Tishkoff, technical monitor. S. D. Marcum thanks the U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) for partial funding. All work was performed at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1084 DI 10.2514/1.31823 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 348LF UT WOS:000259211300020 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH Pratt, DT AF Heiser, W. H. Pratt, D. T. TI Comment on "Homogeneous-Dilution Model of Partially Fueled Simplified Pulse Detonation Engines" SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Editorial Material ID ROCKET ENGINES; IMPULSE C1 [Heiser, W. H.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pratt, D. T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1151 EP 1151 DI 10.2514/1.36542 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 348LF UT WOS:000259211300031 ER PT J AU Gould, CH Maybee, GJ Leininger, B Winter, WE AF Gould, Claire H. Maybee, Gabrielle J. Leininger, Brian Winter, William E. TI Primary intussusception in pregnancy - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bowel obstruction; intussusception; pregnancy complications ID ADULT INTUSSUSCEPTION; INTESTINAL-OBSTRUCTION; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND: Intussusception is a rare cause of bowel obstruction in adults, typically associated with malignancy, granuloma formation, a foreign body or an anatomic defect. CASE: A 21-year-old, primiparous woman presented at 33517 weeks' gestation with vague abdominal symptoms consistent with acute viral gastroenteritis. She did not improve with conservative measures. A presumptive diagnosis of severe preeclampsia was made based on elevated blood pressure, abnormal liver function tests and epigastric pain. Labor was induced 34517 weeks' gestation. The patient did not improve after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Abdominal radiographs and computed tomography were consistent with intussusception. Surgical findings were consistent with the radiologic findings. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy with stapled anastomosis. No pathologic or anatomically anomalous lead point was identified intraoperatively or on filial pathology. CONCLUSION: Intussusception is a rare finding in the peripartum period, often presenting with vague abdominal symptoms and mistaken for benign obstetric and nonobstetric diseases. This case is only the second one of adult perinatal intussusception without an anatomic or pathologic lead point. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Winter, WE (reprint author), NW Canc Specialists, Div Gynecol Oncol, 265 N Broadway Ave, Portland, OR 97035 USA. EM william.winter@usoncology.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 9 BP 703 EP 707 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 350WA UT WOS:000259383100013 PM 18839827 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, BM Elder, J AF Fitzgerald, Brian Michael Elder, Jamison TI Will a 1-page informational handout decrease patients' most common fears of anesthesia and surgery? SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE awareness; postoperative nausea and vomiting; patient communication; postoperative pain; patient education ID PATIENTS VIEW; CONSULTATION; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether an informational handout alone Could measurably reduce some of the most common fears patients have about anesthesia and surgery. DESIGN: An anonymous, Volunteer survey package consisting, of demographic information, a I1-page informational handout discussing common fears that patients have, and 2 identical surveys that assessed the patients' level of fear before and after reading the handout. SETTING: Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 387 random volunteer patients awaiting their clinic visit with a provider the Anesthesiology Pre-Operarion Clinic of Wilford Hall Medical Center properly filled out the survey package. METHODS: Patients were asked to rate their fears with respect to (1) the qualification of their anesthesia providers, and the potential for (2) death or serious illness, (3) awareness, (4) postoperative pain, (5) access to pain medications postoperatively, and (6) postoperative nausea and vomiting. The patients rated their fears for each Of the 6 categories using a Likert scale as either none, mild, moderate, or severe, which corresponded to scores of 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively, for a maximum fear score of 18. The patients were then asked to read a 1-page Objective informational handout that addressed each of these potential fears. After reading the informational handout, the patients then repeated the fear survey. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-seven patients properly completed the survey packages. There were 160 (41.3%) patients who demonstrated a reduction in fear scores, with a 49.6% (p < 0.001) reduction between the mean initial fear score of 6.81 (CI 6.11 to 7.52) and mean final scores of 3.43 (CI 2.84 to 4.02). The most commonly reported fear was death (n = 196, 50.6%), and those patients with no prior Surgeries (n = 63, 17.3%) had the highest initial mean fear score of 5.13 (CI 3.79 to 6.37) and the largest reduction in their fear score with 36.1% (p < 0.001). Those patients between the ages of 26 years old and 39 years old had the high initial mean fear score of 5.39 (CI 4.37 to 6.30), whereas patients under the age of 25 years old had the largest reduction in their fear score with 37.6% (p < 0.001). Subset analysis of patients whose mean fear scores were reduced after reading the handout were found to have statistically significant higher initial mean fear scores and a larger overall reduction in fear scores. Neither initial fear scores nor a reduction in fears scores were found to correlate with the type of surgery a patient was planning to have. CONCLUSION: With just over 40% of patients demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in their fear levels, consideration should given to making an informational handout available on a routine basis to patients in preoperative anesthesia and surgical clinics. Additionally, it seems that younger patients (under the age of 40 years old) and those with no prior Surgeries are the most likely to benefit from such a handout. C1 [Elder, Jamison] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fitzgerald, Brian Michael] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fitzgerald, BM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM thefitzhouse@hotmail.com NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1931-7204 J9 J SURG EDUC JI J. Surg. Educ. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2008.07.013 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Surgery SC Education & Educational Research; Surgery GA 356NE UT WOS:000259784100008 PM 18809166 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Albrecht, JD AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. TI Two-dimensional Green's functions in anisotropic multiferroic bimaterials with a viscous interface SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE viscous interface; multiferroic material; Stroh formalism; image singularity; image force ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACES; IMAGE SINGULARITIES; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; SLIDING INTERFACE; SCREW DISLOCATION; FIBER COMPOSITES; BOUNDARY; PLANE; MEDIA AB We derive, by virtue of the unified Stroh formalism, the extremely concise and elegant solutions for two-dimensional and (quasi-static) time-dependent Green's functions in anisotropic magnetoelectroelastic multiferroic bimaterials with a viscous interface subjected to an extended line force and an extended line dislocation located in the upper half-plane. It is found for the first time that, in the multiferroic bimaterial Green's functions, there are 25 static image singularities and 50 moving image singularities in the form of the extended line force and extended line dislocation in the upper or lower half-plane. It is further observed that, as time evolves, the moving image singularities, which originate from the locations of the static image singularities, will move further away from the viscous interface with explicit time-dependent locations. Moreover, explicit expression of the time-dependent image force on the extended line dislocation due to its interaction with the viscous interface is derived, which is also valid for mathematically degenerate materials. Several special cases are discussed in detail for the image force expression to illustrate the influence of the viscous interface on the mobility of the extended line dislocation, and various interesting features are observed. These Green's functions can not only be directly applied to the study of dislocation mobility in the novel multiferroic bimaterials, they can also be utilized as kernel functions in a boundary integral formulation to investigate more complicated boundary value problems where multiferroic materials/composites are involved. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Appl Math, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0317] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0317. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 2863 EP 2875 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2008.04.004 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 349FT UT WOS:000259267400008 ER PT J AU LeMaster, DA Cain, SC AF LeMaster, Daniel A. Cain, Stephen C. TI Multichannel blind deconvolution of polarimetric imagery SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; ALGORITHM AB A maximum likelihood blind deconvolution algorithm is derived for incoherent polarimetric imagery using expectation maximization. In this approach, the unpolarized and fully polarized components of the scene are estimated along with the corresponding angles of polarization and channel point spread functions. The scene state of linear polarization is determined unambiguously using this parameterization. Results are demonstrated using laboratory data. C1 [LeMaster, Daniel A.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.lemaster@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 9 BP 2170 EP 2176 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.002170 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 354SK UT WOS:000259659100005 PM 18758542 ER PT J AU Terry, NB Engel, K Alley, TG Russell, TH Roh, WB AF Terry, Nathan B. Engel, Kevin Alley, Thomas G. Russell, Timothy H. Roh, Won B. TI Beam quality of the Stokes output of continuous-wave Raman fiber amplifiers using multimode fiber SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; HIGH-POWER; SCATTERING; CLEANUP; AMPLIFICATION; PULSES; MODES AB The beam quality of the Stokes output of a Raman fiber amplifier based on a long multimode graded-index fiber is examined. The beam quality of the Stokes output is modeled by considering the relative gain of the Stokes modes of the fiber; this model predicts that the beam quality of the coupled Stokes beam and the beam quality of the coupled pump beam determine the beam quality of the Stokes output. Experimental investigations validate this model by showing that the beam quality of the Stokes output is similar to the beam quality of the Stokes input. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Terry, Nathan B.; Engel, Kevin; Alley, Thomas G.; Russell, Timothy H.; Roh, Won B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Terry, NB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nathan.terry@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1430 EP 1436 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.001430 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 353FZ UT WOS:000259552800004 ER PT J AU Torrington, KG AF Torrington, Kenneth G. TI Lung cancer - Elapsed time from suspicious radiograph to treatment: How fast is fast enough? SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Torrington, Kenneth G.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Torrington, KG (reprint author), 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kenneth.torrington@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1556-0864 J9 J THORAC ONCOL JI J. Thorac. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 9 BP 947 EP 948 DI 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181858ecb PG 2 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 347TV UT WOS:000259164900001 PM 18758293 ER PT J AU Agliata, AK Renk, K AF Agliata, Allison Kanter Renk, Kimberly TI College students' adjustment: The role of parent-college student expectation discrepancies and communication reciprocity SO JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article DE college students; parents; expectations; communication; adjustment ID ADOLESCENT ADJUSTMENT; SELF-DISCREPANCY; UNIVERSITY LIFE; ATTACHMENT; SUPPORT; STRESS; SCALE AB Parents' influence on college students' adjustment is underestimated frequently. As college students often set goals based on their perceptions of their parents' expectations, discrepancies between college students' and their parents' expectations may be related to their adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine parent-college student expectation discrepancies and communication reciprocity as predictors of college students' adjustment in a diverse sample of 69 male and 105 female freshmen and sophomores from a large southeastern university. A subsample of their mothers and fathers also participated in this study. Correlational results revealed that college students report experiencing lower levels of self-worth and adjustment when higher expectation discrepancies are present between themselves and their parents. Regression results also indicated that expectation discrepancies and college students' perceptions of communication reciprocity are important predictors of college students' self-worth and adjustment. Such findings suggested that teaching assertive communication skills to college students and their parents may serve as a means of promoting positive outcomes for college students. C1 [Renk, Kimberly] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Agliata, Allison Kanter] USAF, Shreveport, LA USA. RP Renk, K (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 161390, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM krenk@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0047-2891 J9 J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE JI J. Youth Adolesc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 8 BP 967 EP 982 DI 10.1007/s10964-007-9200-8 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 322RR UT WOS:000257393500007 ER PT J AU Alba-Baena, NG Salas, W Murr, LE AF Alba-Baena, Noe G. Salas, Wayne Murr, Lawrence E. TI Characterization of micro and nano two-phase regimes created by explosive shock-wave consolidation of powder mixtures SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE two-phase systems; nanomaterials; shock-wave consolidation; alumina; Sic; characterization ID COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALUMINUM AB Mechanically mixed Al powders (150 pm in diameter) and different combinations of 21% volume fraction of SiC or Al2O3, (30 mu m or 30 nm particle sizes) were green compacted to 70% density. The compactions were explosively consolidated in cylindrical fixtures utilizing ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) to fabricate stacks of two-phase, cylindrical monoliths 50 mm x 32 mm (diameter), along with pure aluminum (Al-1100) monoliths (as reference). Results show that the consolidated aluminum increases from a starting powder hardness of 24 HV to 46 HV. Correspondingly, hardness for the two-phase systems exhibits an increment by similar to 60% from the reference SWC Al-1100, while the total elongation declined by similar to 60%. Microstructures for these systems were also observed by optical metallography and TEM to exhibit the different second phases' consolidation and its effect on the fracture mechanisms. Images presented show the different rupture mechanisms observed from the different systems' samples; the aluminum ductile-dimple fracture, the intergranular debonding caused by the micron-sized ceramic second phase and the quasicleavage and transgranular fractures caused by the nano-ceramic second phase. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Alba-Baena, Noe G.] Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. [Salas, Wayne] Tinker AFB, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. [Murr, Lawrence E.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Alba-Baena, NG (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. EM nalba@uacj.mx; wayne.salas@tinker.af.mil; lemurr@utep.edu RI Alba-Baena, Noe/C-3315-2012; OI Murr, Lawrence/0000-0001-5942-8376 FU CONACYT-PROMEP (Mexico) FX The authors express appreciation to Rodrigo Rios-Rodriguez and Alejandro Loya-Puga at the Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez (UACJ) Manufacturing Engineering Laboratories, Frank Medina and Hector Sandoval at UTEP W.M. Keck Lab., Drs. John McClure and Luis Trueba in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, UTEP, and Tony Zimmerly and Kevin Dziegiel at New Mexico Tech, EMRTC. Research supported by a CONACYT-PROMEP (Mexico) Fellowship, and a Mr. and Mrs. MacIntosh Murchison Endowment at UTEP. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 EI 1873-4189 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1152 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2007.09.003 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 344ZF UT WOS:000258965100002 ER PT J AU Dirama, TE Varshney, V Anderson, KL Shumaker, JA Johnson, JA AF Dirama, T. E. Varshney, V. Anderson, K. L. Shumaker, J. A. Johnson, J. A. TI Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of ionic polymer networks SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polymer networks; self-healing; ionic bonds; toughness; molecular dynamics simulations; coarse-grained modeling ID CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY-RESINS; GLASSY-POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; FUNCTIONALITY; THERMOSETS; MORPHOLOGY; IONOMERS AB The stress-strain behavior of cross-linked polymeric networks was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations with a coarse-grained representation of the repeating units. The network structure was formed by dynamically cross-linking the reactants placed between two rigid layers comprised of particles of the same type. We studied two types of networks which differ only by one containing ionic pairs that amount to 7% of the total number of bonds present. The stress-strain curves were obtained after imposing deformation in tensile and shear modes to the networks and measuring their stress response. Under both forms of deformations there was improvement in the level of stress that the material could bear. Moreover, the time dependent behavior of the improvement in mechanical properties signified a self-healing mechanism. C1 [Dirama, T. E.; Varshney, V.] Univ Technol Corp, Div Engn, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Anderson, K. L.] Procter&Gamble Corp Modeling & Simulat, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. [Shumaker, J. A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Nonmetall Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dirama, TE (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, Div Engn, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM taner.dirama.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s11043-008-9058-5 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 338WP UT WOS:000258540400002 ER PT J AU Jordan, JL Foley, JR Siviour, CR AF Jordan, Jennifer L. Foley, Jason R. Siviour, Clive R. TI Mechanical properties of Epon 826/DEA epoxy SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE glassy polymer; high strain rate mechanical properties; epoxy; Mulliken-Boyce model ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; HIGH-STRAIN RATES; COMPRESSION YIELD BEHAVIOR; HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; GLASSY-POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; THERMOSETTING RESINS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MULTIAXIAL LOADINGS AB Polymers are becoming increasingly used in aerospace structural applications, where they experience complex, non-static loads. Correspondingly, the mechanical properties at high strain rates are of increasing importance in these applications. This paper investigates the compressive properties of Epon 826 epoxy resin cured with diethynolamine (DEA) across strain rates from 10(-3)supercript stop to 10(4)supercript stop s(-1)supercript stop. Specimens were tested using an Instron mechanical testing machine for static loading, traditional split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPBs) for high strain rates, and a miniaturized SHPB for ultra-high strain rates. Additionally, the material was tested using dynamic mechanical analysis to determine the effects of time and temperature equivalences on the strain rate behavior of the samples. The experimental data is used to fit the Mulliken-Boyce model, modified for one-dimension, which is able to capture the compressive mechanical properties over a range of strain rates. C1 [Jordan, Jennifer L.] USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Foley, Jason R.] USAF, Fuzes Branch, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Siviour, Clive R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jennifer.jordan@eglin.af.mil RI Siviour, Clive/E-2032-2012; OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 NR 57 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 249 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11043-008-9061-x PG 24 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 338WP UT WOS:000258540400005 ER PT J AU Anderson, PE Reo, NV DelRaso, NJ Doom, TE Raymer, ML AF Anderson, Paul E. Reo, Nicholas V. DelRaso, Nicholas J. Doom, Travis E. Raymer, Michael L. TI Gaussian binning: a new kernel-based method for processing NMR spectroscopic data for metabolomics SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Gaussian; binning; pattern recognition; quantification; nuclear magnetic resonance ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION CLASSIFICATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS; RAT; URINE; MODEL; METABONOMICS; LESIONS; LIVER AB In many metabolomics studies, NMR spectra are divided into bins of fixed width. This spectral quantification technique, known as uniform binning, is used to reduce the number of variables for pattern recognition techniques and to mitigate effects from variations in peak positions; however, shifts in peaks near the boundaries can cause dramatic quantitative changes in adjacent bins due to non-overlapping boundaries. Here we describe a new Gaussian binning method that incorporates overlapping bins to minimize these effects. A Gaussian kernel weights the signal contribution relative to distance from bin center, and the overlap between bins is controlled by the kernel standard deviation. Sensitivity to peak shift was assessed for a series of test spectra where the offset frequency was incremented in 0.5 Hz steps. For a 4 Hz shift within a bin width of 24 Hz, the error for uniform binning increased by 150%, while the error for Gaussian binning increased by 50%. Further, using a urinary metabolomics data set (from a toxicity study) and principal component analysis (PCA), we showed that the information content in the quantified features was equivalent for Gaussian and uniform binning methods. The separation between groups in the PCA scores plot, measured by the J(2) quality metric, is as good or better for Gaussian binning versus uniform binning. The Gaussian method is shown to be robust in regards to peak shift, while still retaining the information needed by classification and multivariate statistical techniques for NMR-metabolomics data. C1 [Anderson, Paul E.; Doom, Travis E.; Raymer, Michael L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Reo, Nicholas V.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. [DelRaso, Nicholas J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raymer, ML (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM michael.raymer@wright.edu RI Raymer, Michael/G-3398-2013 OI Raymer, Michael/0000-0003-2649-0792 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Human Effectiveness Directorate; Biotechnology Branch (AFRL/HEPB); The Henry M Jackson Foundation [132633] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biotechnology Branch (AFRL/HEPB), The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (Contract No. 132633). NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11306-008-0117-3 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 345PE UT WOS:000259007900007 ER PT J AU Cleveland, MBA AF Cleveland, Bradley A. TI THE LAST SHALL BE FIRST: THE USE OF LOCALIZED SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICIES IN CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING OPERATIONS SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP Cleveland, MBA (reprint author), USAF, Legal Operat Agcy, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 197 BP 103 EP 144 PG 42 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 359WA UT WOS:000260017700003 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG Michener, MD AF Arnold, Jason G. Michener, Michael D. TI Evaluation of dermatologic conditions by primary care providers in deployed military settings SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOLDIERS AB Dermatologic illnesses have historically been a significant source of morbidity and resource utilization in fielded military forces. The impact of cutaneous diseases during U.S. military conflicts is reviewed, and recent data from Craig Joint Theater Hospital at Bagram Air Field in Afghanistan are presented, confirming previous experience. A discussion of the difficulties of diagnosing and treating dermatologic conditions for deployed primary care providers is provided, including recommendations to improve patient care and military unit readiness. C1 [Arnold, Jason G.] Family Med Clin, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. [Michener, Michael D.] Scott AFB St Louis Univ, Family Med Residency Program, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), Family Med Clin, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 173 IS 9 BP 882 EP 888 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 352YW UT WOS:000259534300010 PM 18816928 ER PT J AU Collins, RS Berg, GE AF Collins, Randall S. Berg, Gregory E. TI Distribution of ametropia among military beneficiaries SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE ERRORS; PREVALENCE; MYOPIA AB In addition to active duty military members and their dependents, retired military members and the members of their immediate families are eligible for eye care in military medical treatment facilities. We recorded refractive errors, age, sex, and race for 4,595 individual beneficiaries visiting optometry clinics at two U.S. Air Force medical treatment facilities during 2005 to 2006. Evaluation revealed most patients requiring optical correction were myopic, or near-sighted, and there was an increase in the degree of myopia between ages 4 and 23. That trend is reversed at age 30 and, by age 60, most patients are hyperopic, or far-sighted. Both trends were true for both sexes and all ethnicities studied. The degree of astigmatism was distributed similarly between races and age groups. Presbyopia occurred at similar ages and progressed at similar rates in all ethnicities and both sexes. C1 [Collins, Randall S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Berg, Gregory E.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Collins, RS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2131 Pepperell St,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 173 IS 9 BP 913 EP 917 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 352YW UT WOS:000259534300015 PM 18816933 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Wilks, GB Spowart, JE AF Tschopp, M. A. Wilks, G. B. Spowart, J. E. TI Multi-scale characterization of orthotropic microstructures SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; VOLUME FRACTION FLUCTUATIONS; RECONSTRUCTING RANDOM-MEDIA; CRACK DEFLECTION PROCESSES; 3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION; SIMULATION; MODEL; PREPROCESSOR; MORPHOLOGY AB Computer-generated 2D microstructures of varying second phase area fraction (5-30%), aspect ratio (1-16) and degree of alignment (where the reinforcement major-axis orientation is random, perfectly aligned or semi-aligned) are analyzed via the isotropic and directional forms of the computationally efficient multi-scale analysis of area fractions (MSAAF) technique. The impact of these microstructure parameters on the representative volume element (RVE) necessary to characterize a microstructure is ascertained with variations in isotropic and directional homogeneous length scales, derivative quantities of the MSAAF technique. Analysis of these results produces empirical expressions for the directional homogeneous length scale as a function of area fraction and aspect ratio for the limiting cases of random and 'perfect' second phase alignment. Generally, particle alignment is observed to increase the aspect ratio of a microstructure's RVE-a trend amplified by higher reinforcement aspect ratios and lower area fractions. Particle alignment also decreases the absolute size of such an element by reducing the directional homogeneous length scales transverse to the axis of alignment. Periodic boundary conditions on the perimeter of the synthetic microstructures are used to characterize the error in the MSAAF technique via multiple instantiations of the same microstructure, which further indicates that the statistical variation in the directional homogeneous length scale (measured by the directional MSAAF technique) can be an order of magnitude less than the variation in the isotropic homogeneous length scale (measured by the isotropic MSAAF technique). C1 [Tschopp, M. A.; Wilks, G. B.; Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Wilks, G. B.] Gen Dynam Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.tschopp.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 AR 065009 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/16/6/065009 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 336SV UT WOS:000258385800009 ER PT J AU Dajani, I Zeringue, C Bronder, TJ Shay, T Gavrielides, A Robin, C AF Dajani, Iyad Zeringue, Clint Bronder, T. Justin Shay, Thomas Gavrielides, Athanasios Robin, Craig TI A theoretical treatment of two approaches to SBS mitigation with two-tone amplification SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; FIBER; MODE AB A technique that employs two seed signals for the purpose of mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects in narrow-linewidth Yb-doped fiber amplifiers is investigated theoretically by constructing a self-consistent model that incorporates the laser gain, SBS, and four-wave mixing (FWM). The model reduces to solving a two-point boundary problem consisting of an 8x8 system of coupled nonlinear differential equations. Optimal operating conditions are determined by examining the interplay between the wavelength separation and power ratio of the two seeds. Two variants of this 'two-tone' amplification are considered. In one case the wavelength separation is precisely twice the Brillouin shift, while the other case considers a greater wavelength separation. For the former case, a two-fold increase in total output power over a broad range of seed power ratios centered about a ratio of approximately 2 is obtained, but with fairly large FWM. For the latter case, this model predicts an approximately 100% increase in output power (at SBS threshold with no signs of FWM) for a 'two-tone' amplifier with seed signals at 1064nm and 1068nm, compared to a conventional fiber amplifier with a single 1068nm seed. More significantly for this case, it is found that at a wavelength separation greater than 10nm, it is possible to appreciably enhance the power output of one of the laser frequencies. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Zeringue, Clint; Bronder, T. Justin; Shay, Thomas; Gavrielides, Athanasios; Robin, Craig] USAF, Res Lab, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Iyad.Dajani@kirtland.af.mil NR 16 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 18 BP 14233 EP 14247 DI 10.1364/OE.16.014233 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 349GZ UT WOS:000259270600078 PM 18773034 ER PT J AU Vaughan, CC AF Vaughan, Champ Clark TI The Oregon Geographic Names Board - One hundred years of toponymic nomenclature SO OREGON HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Vaughan, Champ Clark] Oregon Geog Names Board, Portland, OR USA. [Vaughan, Champ Clark] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Vaughan, CC (reprint author), Oregon Geog Names Board, Portland, OR USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OREGON HISTORICAL SOC PI PORTLAND PA 1230 SW PARK AVE, PORTLAND, OR 97205 USA SN 0030-4727 J9 OREG HIST QUART JI Oregon Hist. Q. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3 BP 412 EP 433 PG 22 WC History SC History GA 350LT UT WOS:000259354700003 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Haus, JW Zhan, QW Nelson, RL AF Wu, Zhi Haus, Joseph W. Zhan, Qiwen Nelson, Robert L. TI Plasmonic notch filter design based on long-range surface plasmon excitation along metal grating SO PLASMONICS LA English DT Article DE surface plasmon; notch filter; metal grating; evanescent wave ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; LIGHT-MODULATOR; RESONANCE; FILMS; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSORS AB A single notch plasmonic spectral filter design using evanescently coupled resonant ultrathin metal grating is numerically studied in this article. Due to excitation and coupling of long range surface plasmon between the metal grating nanowires, a deep and narrow reflection spectrum dip can be obtained. Narrower spectral bandwidth is achieved through decreased damping from the existence of large dielectric gaps between the grating nanowires. This physical explanation is confirmed by the field distribution calculation. As an example, a single notch filter design with full width half maximum band width less than 3 nm centered at 808 nm is presented. C1 [Wu, Zhi; Haus, Joseph W.; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, QW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1955 J9 PLASMONICS JI Plasmonics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s11468-008-9062-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 334US UT WOS:000258247300008 ER PT J AU Mizuno, DR Carey, SJ Noriega-Crespo, A Paladini, R Padgett, D Shenoy, S Kuchar, TA Kraemer, KE Price, SD AF Mizuno, D. R. Carey, S. J. Noriega-Crespo, A. Paladini, R. Padgett, D. Shenoy, S. Kuchar, T. A. Kraemer, K. E. Price, S. D. TI Processing for the MIPSGAL 24 mu m survey of the inner galactic plane SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; SPITZER AB We describe improvements to the data processing pipeline for the Spitzer MIPSGAL survey of the Galactic plane. These involve both improvements to the processing of the 24 mu m data, in particular the handling of saturations and near-saturated data, and mitigation of various artifacts not corrected in the basic calibration pipeline. The artifacts addressed postpipeline are typically caused by passage across bright point sources very common in the Galactic plane, and include column-to-column "jailbar" striping, latency effects resulting in both short-duration afterimages and long-duration responsivity depressions, scattered light, and background-level mismatches. We describe the artifacts phenomenologically and present in detail the algorithms developed to correct them. C1 [Mizuno, D. R.; Kuchar, T. A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Carey, S. J.; Noriega-Crespo, A.; Paladini, R.; Padgett, D.; Shenoy, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kraemer, K. E.; Price, S. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mizuno, DR (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; carey@ipac.caltech.edu; alberto@ipac.caltech.edu; paladini@ipac.caltech.edu; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU JPL/Caltech FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 120 IS 871 BP 1028 EP 1042 DI 10.1086/591809 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 352MI UT WOS:000259500900008 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Neira, A Scharf, TW Tiley, J Banerjee, R AF Hwang, J. Y. Neira, A. Scharf, T. W. Tiley, J. Banerjee, R. TI Laser-deposited carbon nanotube reinforced nickel matrix composites SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ni-based nanocomposite; laser deposition; metal-matrix composite; carbon nanotube; interface ID GRAPHITE; ALUMINUM AB Composites based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed in nickel matrix have been processed using the laser-engineered net shape technique. The present study focuses on the survival of nanotubes in liquid nickel matrix during melt processing. The stability of nanotubes versus graphite powders in liquid nickel has been compared by processing both types of composites under identical conditions and subsequently characterizing their microstructure and chemical stability in detail using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, J. Y.; Neira, A.; Scharf, T. W.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM banerjee@unt.edu NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 59 IS 5 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.04.032 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 333PR UT WOS:000258165100003 ER PT J AU Trei, JS Canas, LC Gould, PL AF Trei, Jill S. Canas, Linda C. Gould, Philip L. TI Reproductive tract complications associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in US air force males within 4 years of testing SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SCREENING-PROGRAMS; MEN; ANTIBODIES; INFERTILE; PROSTATITIS; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; URETHRITIS; PARAMETERS; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a common sexually transmitted infection for which young, sexually active persons are at highest risk. Health consequences such as orchitis/epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility, and urethral stricture have been described among CT-infected males, although not all of these are indisputably linked to CT. Current literature lacks population-based studies needed to examine these associations on a larger scale, too evaluate the true risk of developing complications after a CT infection. The US Air Force contains a large population of young, sexually active males, making it suitable for conducting such a study. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 2001 and 2005 comparing the incidence of orchitis/epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility, and urethral stricture among male Air Force members with and without prior CT infections. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated and Cox proportional hazard models were generated to evaluate the risk of developing complications and to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Among 17,764 men enrolled in the study, 913 (5.14%) experienced a reproductive tract outcome. Among CT-positive men, cumulative incidences or orchitis/epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility, and urethral stricture were 4.28%, 1.41%, 1.27%, and 0.13%, respectively. Orchitis/epididymitis [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.38 (1.13-1.70)] and "any" outcome [HR = 1.37 (1.16-1.61)] were positively associated with CT; infertility, was marginally associated [HR = 1.36 (0.93-2.00)]. Conclusions: Overall, the burden of reproductive health outcomes aniong Air Force males is small. Significant associations were observed between CT and both orchitis/epididymitis and any outcome; a larger cohort or longer follow-up may have detected a significant association between CT and infertility. C1 [Trei, Jill S.; Canas, Linda C.; Gould, Philip L.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. [Trei, Jill S.] Core6 Solut, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Trei, JS (reprint author), 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM jill.trei.ctr@brooks.af.ml NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 BP 827 EP 833 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181761980 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 346DB UT WOS:000259047500010 PM 18562984 ER PT J AU Andrews, JP Palazotto, AN DeSimio, MP Olson, SE AF Andrews, Jennifer P. Palazotto, Anthony N. DeSimio, Martin P. Olson, Steven E. TI Lamb Wave Propagation in Varying Isothermal Environments SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lamb waves; elastic waves; thermal effects; isothermal environment AB Military and commercial aerospace organizations are exploring structural health monitoring (SHM) systems to reduce maintenance costs and to verify the integrity of structural components exposed to harsh conditions. This technical note considers the use of Lamb waves to monitor plate and shell components of aerospace structures. For fielded applications, SHM systems will need to operate across a variety of environmental conditions, including large temperature ranges. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effects of temperature on Lamb wave propagation. The focus of this study is the effect of temperature on Lamb wave propagation in a constant-thickness metallic plate under isothermal conditions. Experimental measurements and analytical predictions are made over temperatures ranging from - 18 degrees C to 107 degrees C. Results indicate that only small and predictable changes in the wave propagation behavior occur over the temperature range investigated. This is significant because it may allow SHM systems to be designed for aircraft systems operating within this range without the need for complex compensation techniques. C1 [Andrews, Jennifer P.; Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeSimio, Martin P.] ATK Mission Res, Dayton, OH USA. [Olson, Steven E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Andrews, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jenpand@earthlink.net FU Air Force Research Laboratory's Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-04-D-3446] FX The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the Air Force Research Laboratory's Air Vehicles Directorate for sponsoring this research. The efforts of M. DeSimio and S. Olson have been performed under Air Force Contract FA8650-04-D-3446. The assistance of Mr Todd Bussey and Mr Kevin Brown in the Structural Health Monitoring Lab is greatly appreciated. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1177/1475921708090564 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 361DW UT WOS:000260108700006 ER PT J AU Rothwell, EJ Perry, B Stenholm, GJ AF Rothwell, E. J. Perry, B. Stenholm, G. J. TI Time-domain non-destructive evaluation of layered materials using E-pulse technique SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION; DIAGNOSTICS AB The E-pulse technique has been suggested as a method for evaluating the health of material coatings on aircraft. In this Letter, the method is validated using experimental data acquired in the time domain. Results show that changes in the temporal reflected field may be used to determine if the properties of the coating have changed and necessitate a repair, or whether an improper repair has been made. C1 [Rothwell, E. J.; Perry, B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stenholm, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. RP Rothwell, EJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rothwell@egr.msu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 18 BP 1055 EP U14 DI 10.1049/el:20082073 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 347PX UT WOS:000259154600007 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Schneider, S Rosander, M Hawkins, T Gallegos, CJ Pastewait, MF Vaghjiani, GL AF Chambreau, Steven D. Schneider, Stefan Rosander, Michael Hawkins, Tom Gallegos, Christopher J. Pastewait, Matthew F. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. TI Fourier transform infrared studies in hypergolic ignition of ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; ISOCYANIC ACID; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MELTING-POINTS; ROCKET ENGINES; DECOMPOSITION; VAPORIZATION; AZIDE; SALTS; HNCO AB A class of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that exhibit hypergolic activity toward fuming nitric acid is reported. Fast ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids when mixed with nitric acid is contrasted with the reactivity of the ionic liquid azides, which show high reactivity with nitric acid, but do not ignite. The reactivity of other potential salt fuels is assessed here. Rapid-scan, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the preignition phase indicates the evolution of N2O from both the dicyanamide and azide RTILs. Evidence for the evolution of CO2 and isocyanic acid (HNCO) with similar temporal behavior to N2O from reaction of the dicyanamide ionic liquids with nitric acid is presented. Evolution of HN3 is detected from the azides. No evolution of HCN from the dicyanamide reactions was detected. From the FTIR observations, biuret reaction tests, and initial ab initio calculations, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of N2O, CO2, and HNCO from the dicyanamide reactions during preignition. C1 [Chambreau, Steven D.; Schneider, Stefan; Rosander, Michael; Hawkins, Tom; Gallegos, Christopher J.; Pastewait, Matthew F.; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.] USAF, AFRL RZSP, Prop Directorate, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9300-06-C-0023]; Air Force Research Laboratory [Edwards AFB, CA 93524] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9300-06-C-0023 with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA 93524. NR 73 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 34 BP 7816 EP 7824 DI 10.1021/jp8038175 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 340GE UT WOS:000258633300007 PM 18681416 ER PT J AU Mirau, PA Serres, JL Jacobs, D Garrett, PH Vaia, RA AF Mirau, Peter A. Serres, Jennifer L. Jacobs, David Garrett, Patrick H. Vaia, Richard A. TI Structure and dynamics of surfactant interfaces in organically modified clays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; C-13 NMR; LAYERED SILICATES; GLASS-TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS; MONTMORILLONITE; HETEROGENEITY; POLYPROPYLENE AB Organic modification of clays with surfactants is required for the preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites for a variety of applications. We have studied the structure and dynamics of interfaces in synthetic clays modified with phosphonium surfactants. The chemical shifts, line widths, and relaxation times measured by (31)p, C-13, and H-1 NMR and the relaxation times measured by impedance spectroscopy allow us to monitor the dynamics over a wide range of time scales. The results show that the phosphonium headgroup is most restricted and that the mobility increases with increasing separation from the clay surface. The carbon chemical shifts show that the 16-carbon and 12-carbon surfactant tails of hexadecyltributyl phosphonium and dodecytriphenyl phosphonium are disordered at the interface and experience mobility over a range of time scales. The dynamics depend most strongly on the structure of the surfactant headgroup, and tributylphosphoniums are more mobile than the triphenylphosphoniums. Two dimensional chemical shift anisotropy spin exchange experiments show that the phosphorus atoms in the triphenylphosphonium surfactant are immobile on the clay surface on a 1 s time scale. The dynamics measured by impedance spectroscopy show a similar dependence on headgroup structure, even though the processes occur on very different time scales and length scales. The relationship between the structure and dynamics of the interface and the properties of composites are considered. C1 [Mirau, Peter A.; Serres, Jennifer L.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Labs, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jacobs, David; Garrett, Patrick H.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Mirau, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Peter.Mirau@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 34 BP 10544 EP 10551 DI 10.1021/jp801479h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 340GF UT WOS:000258633400021 PM 18671356 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Retterer, J AF Kelley, M. C. Retterer, J. TI First successful prediction of a convective equatorial ionospheric storm using solar wind parameters SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB One of the major challenges of the National Space Weather Program in the United States is to predict the generation of intense turbulence in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. We term this a convective equatorial ionospheric storm since, much like a thunderstorm, low-density media erupt upward, releasing stored gravitational energy. This is an important phenomenon since both communication and navigational systems can be severely affected by the associated turbulence. Here, for the first time, we use solar wind data obtained upstream of the Earth and a physics-based assimilative model to successfully predict such an event during a strong magnetic storm in November 2004. C1 [Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Retterer, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 320 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mikek@ece.cornell.edu; john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil FU Atmospheric Science Division of the National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation and Cornell University FX Research at Cornell University was supported by the Atmospheric Science Division of the National Science Foundation. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is operated by the Instituto Geophysico del Peru and is supported in part through a cooperative agreement between the National Science Foundation and Cornell University. The authors thank Jorge Chau and Ronald Ilma for assistance with the radar data. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 8 AR S08003 DI 10.1029/2007SW000381 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 343AX UT WOS:000258825800001 ER PT J AU Suchalkin, S Jung, S Kipshidze, G Shterengas, L Hosoda, T Westerfeld, D Snyder, D Belenky, G AF Suchalkin, Sergey Jung, Seungyong Kipshidze, Gela Shterengas, Leon Hosoda, Takashi Westerfeld, David Snyder, Donald Belenky, Gregory TI GaSb based light emitting diodes with strained InGaAsSb type I quantum well active regions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; LEDS AB Mid-IR (lambda approximate to 3-3.5 mu m) light emitting diodes with quinternary AlInGaAsSb barriers and InGaAsSb strained quantum wells grown on GaSb substrates have been demonstrated. The devices produced a quasi-cw emission power of 0.7 mW at room temperature and 2.5 mW at T=80 K. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Suchalkin, Sergey; Westerfeld, David] Power Photon Corp, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Jung, Seungyong; Kipshidze, Gela; Shterengas, Leon; Hosoda, Takashi; Belenky, Gregory] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Snyder, Donald] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Suchalkin, S (reprint author), Power Photon Corp, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM suchal@ece.sunysb.edu OI Hosoda, Takashi/0000-0001-8883-8497 FU United States Air Force [FA8651-07-C0152]; National Science Foundation [DMR0710154] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8651-07-C0152, and of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR0710154. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8 AR 081107 DI 10.1063/1.2974795 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345QR UT WOS:000259011900007 ER PT J AU Gorokovsky, VI Bowman, C Gannon, PE VanVorous, D Voevodin, AA Muratore, C Kang, YS Hu, JJ AF Gorokovsky, V. I. Bowman, C. Gannon, P. E. VanVorous, D. Voevodin, A. A. Muratore, C. Kang, Y. S. Hu, J. J. TI Deposition and characterization of hybrid filtered arc/magnetron multilayer nanocomposite cermet coatings for advanced tribological applications SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE filtered arc; magnetron; nanocomposite; aerospace; oil-off event; sliding wear ID ADIABATIC SHEAR INSTABILITY; ARC-MAGNETRON COATINGS; C-N FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HARD COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; PART II; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; SCALE AB The demand for low-friction, wear and corrosion resistant components, which operate under severe conditions, has directed attention to advanced surface engineering technologies. The large area filtered arc deposition (LAFAD) process has demonstrated atomically smooth coatings at high deposition rates over large surface areas. In addition to the inherent advantages of conventional filtered arc technology (superhardness, improved adhesion, low defect density), the LAFAD technology allows functionally graded, multilayer, and nanocomposite architectures of multi-elemental coatings via electro-magnetic mixing of two plasma flows composed of different metal vapor ion compositions. Further advancement is realized through a combinatorial process using a hybrid filtered arc-magnetron technique to deposit multilayer nanocomposite TiCrN+TiBC cermet coatings. Multiple TiCrN + TiBC coating architectures were reviewed for their ability to provide wear resistance for Pyrowear 675 and M50 steels used in aerospace bearing and gear applications. Coating properties were characterized by a variety of methods including SEM/EDS, HRTEM, and XRD. Wear results were obtained for high contact stress boundary lubricated sliding and advanced bearing simulation testing for wear performance under oil-off operating conditions. The best coating candidates demonstrated order of magnitude increases in resistance to sliding wear, and extended low friction operation during simulated oil-off events. Coating failure mechanisms were brittle in nature and suggestions are presented for the further optimization of TiCrN + TiBC coating architectures. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gorokovsky, V. I.; Bowman, C.; Gannon, P. E.; VanVorous, D.] Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Ste D Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gannon, P. E.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.; Muratore, C.; Kang, Y. S.; Hu, J. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Bowman, C (reprint author), Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, 151 Evergreen Dr, Ste D Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM cbowman@arcomac.com RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 265 IS 5-6 BP 741 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2008.01.003 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 323NJ UT WOS:000257452500021 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Clarke, DR Jones, JG Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Clarke, D. R. Jones, J. G. Voevodin, A. A. TI Smart tribological coatings with wear sensing capability SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE smart coatings; sliding wear; molybdenum disulfide; sensors ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; MOS2 COATINGS; LOW-FRICTION; LUMINESCENCE; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; LUBRICANT; THICKNESS; STRESS AB Tribological coatings were developed to allow automatic reporting of remaining wear life while in use. Monitoring of coating health was achieved by embedding sensor layers, known to produce distinctive luminescence spectra when exposed to laser illumination, throughout the thickness of a solid lubricant coating. For the current work, erbium- and samarium-doped yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layers were used as sensor materials. One sensor layer was placed approximately midway through a molybdenum disulfide coating and another was located at the coating/substrate interface. Placement of the luminescent coatings in these positions allowed detection of wear depth and provided a warning of impending coating failure during testing. This smart coating concept is generally applicable to tribological coatings and can easily be implemented to safely increase reliance upon protective materials subject to wear and other damage mechanisms. The Soft MoS2 coatings with the imbedded ceramic sensor layers also demonstrated long wear lives (approximate to 200,000 cycles) in humid air compared to monolithic MoS2 coatings (< 10,000 cycles) with the same thickness, microstructure, morphology and composition. The mechanism for the observed wear life increase was examined and is discussed together with the general use of embedded wear sensors in smart tribological coatings. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Muratore, C.] USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clarke, D. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Coll Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Clarke, David/D-2616-2009; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 265 IS 5-6 BP 913 EP 920 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2008.02.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 323NJ UT WOS:000257452500039 ER PT J AU McGregor, SL Hughes, WJ Arge, CN Owens, MJ AF McGregor, S. L. Hughes, W. J. Arge, C. N. Owens, M. J. TI Analysis of the magnetic field discontinuity at the potential field source surface and Schatten Current Sheet interface in the Wang-Sheeley-Arge model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND SPEED; INTERPLANETARY; PREDICTION; STRENGTH; CORONA AB The Wang-Sheeley-Arge solar wind model makes use of coupled potential field source surface (PFSS) and Schatten Current Sheet (SCS) models to reconstruct the coronal magnetic field on the basis of the observed line-of-sight photospheric magnetic field and a 1D kinematic code to propagate the solar wind to 1 AU. The source surface serves as the outer boundary of the PFSS model and the inner boundary of the SCS model. Known discontinuities arise in the tangential components of the magnetic field across this surface owing to differences in the imposed boundary conditions (Wang et al., 1998). Here we introduce a more flexible coupling between the two models, which considerably reduces the discontinuous behavior of the magnetic field across the model interface surface, to investigate the effects and importance of these kinks on the accuracy of the model's solar wind speed predictions at 1 AU. A detailed analysis of select Carrington rotations shows that removing the kinks can lead to changes in connectivity, creating different source regions for the solar wind. These changes lead to significantly improved predictions of solar wind structures at 1 AU some of the time, but most of the time, the kinks do not affect the predicted solar wind speed. This improvement is born out statistically by increases in the prediction skill scores of both solar wind velocity (1.7%) and interplanetary magnetic field polarity (1.4%) at 1 AU. C1 [McGregor, S. L.; Hughes, W. J.; Owens, M. J.] Boston Univ, Ctr Integrated Space Weather Modeling, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP McGregor, SL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Integrated Space Weather Modeling, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM slmic@bu.edu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950, DGE-0221680] FX We would like to thank R. Ulrich and the staff at Mount Wilson solar observatory for providing us access to their data. We have also benefited from the availability of the WIND and ACE data at NSSDC. This research was supported in part by the CISM project, which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under the agreement ATM-0120950. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant DGE-0221680. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08112 DI 10.1029/2007JA012330 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340MV UT WOS:000258650600001 ER PT J AU Jones, TE Eberhart, ME Clougherty, DP Woodward, C AF Jones, Travis E. Eberhart, Mark E. Clougherty, Dennis P. Woodward, Chris TI Electronic selection rules controlling dislocation glide in bcc metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCREW DISLOCATIONS; TRANSITION-METALS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; AB-INITIO; MO; TANTALUM; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; SLIP; TA AB The validity of the structure-property relationships governing the low-temperature deformation behavior of many bcc metals was brought into question with recent ab initio density functional studies of isolated screw dislocations in Mo and Ta. These relationships were semiclassical in nature, having grown from atomistic investigations of the deformation properties of the group V and VI transition metals. We find that the correct form for these structure-property relationships is fully quantum mechanical, involving the coupling of electronic states with the strain field at the core of long a/2 < 111 > screw dislocations. C1 [Jones, Travis E.; Clougherty, Dennis P.] Colorado Sch Mines, Mol Theory Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Eberhart, Mark E.; Clougherty, Dennis P.] Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Woodward, Chris] USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, TE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Mol Theory Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM trjones@mines.edu; meberhar@mines.edu RI Clougherty, Dennis/A-4519-2008 OI Clougherty, Dennis/0000-0002-7299-4898 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 8 AR 085505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.085505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 340KD UT WOS:000258643600045 PM 18764636 ER PT J AU Bopp, JC Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Troe, J AF Bopp, Joseph C. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. Troe, Juergen TI Experimental and theoretical study of the ion-ion mutual neutralization reactions Ar++SFn- (n=6, 5, and 4) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RECOMBINATION; MOLECULES; SF6; RESOLUTION; APPARATUS; KINETICS; ANIONS AB The ion-ion mutual neutralization reactions Ar++SFn--> Ar+SFn (n=6, 5, and 4) have been studied in a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe (FALP) apparatus at 300 K and 1 Torr of He buffer gas. Electron concentrations and product ion fractions were measured, and neutralization rate constants of 4.0x10(-8), 3.8x10(-8), and 4x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) for SF6-, SF5-, and SF4-, respectively, were derived, with uncertainties of +/- 25% (+/- 35% for SF4-). During the neutralization process, excited neutrals are generated that are able to dissociate to neutral fragments. In the case of SF6, the formation of SF5 and SF4, and similarly in the case of SF5, the formation of SF4 and SF3 were observed and quantified. The mechanism of primary and secondary reaction was analyzed in detail, and rate constants for the dissociative electron attachments e(-)+SF5 -> F-+SF4 (k=3x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1),+/- 40%) and e(-)+SF3 -> F-+SF2 (k=2x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1),+400%,-75%) were also derived. The experimental ion-ion neutralization rate constants were found to be in good agreement with estimates from an optimum two-state double-passage Landau-Zener model. It was also found that energy partitioning in the neutralization is related to the extent of electronic excitation of Ar generated by the electron transfer processes. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bopp, Joseph C.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Bopp, Joseph C.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. RP Bopp, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Space Scholars Program FX We are grateful to E. E. Nikitin for proposing the presented optimum two-state double-passage Landau-Zener model. We are also grateful for the support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. J.C.B. would also like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Scholars Program for support of this work. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 7 AR 074308 DI 10.1063/1.2965130 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 340KA UT WOS:000258643300017 PM 19044768 ER PT J AU Chiu, YH Dressler, RA Levandier, DJ Houchins, C Ng, CY AF Chiu, Y-H Dressler, R. A. Levandier, D. J. Houchins, C. Ng, C. Y. TI Large-angle xenon ion scattering in Xe-propelled electrostatic thrusters: We differential cross sections SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALL THRUSTER; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; SPUTTERING YIELD; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; BEAM MEASUREMENTS; PLUME; DISTRIBUTIONS; BOMBARDMENT; PROPULSION AB Elastic scattering between xenon ions and xenon atoms can produce ion Currents at large angles with respect to the axis of electrostatic thrusters. Differential scattering cross sections are needed to properly predict off-axis currents that can cause significant material erosion due to sputtering. Guided-ion beam differential cross section measurements are presented for Xe(+) + Xe and Xe(2+) + Xe elastic scattering at laboratory ion energies between 5 and 40 eV per ion charge. For the singly charged system, the experimental absolute differential cross sections are in excellent agreement with classical elastic scattering calculations based on the most recent ab initio ion-atom interaction potentials. The measurements for the doubly charged system are used to derive an approximate effective Xe(2+)-Xe interaction potential. The potentials are used to calculate absolute differential cross sections for both ion charge states at a typical Hall thruster ion energy of 270 eV per unit charge. The differential cross sections for the doubly charged ions are approximately a factor of 3 smaller than those of the singly charged system at large scattering angles. The importance of doubly charged ions with respect to material erosion is discussed on the basis of known Sputtering yields as a function of ion energy for molybdenum and boron nitride. It is concluded that at typical charge-state ratios, doubly charged ions only have an impact at elastic scattering angles where the scattered ion energy in the laboratory (thruster) frame of reference is low and the sputtering yields depend very strongly on ion kinetic energy. C1 [Chiu, Y-H; Dressler, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Levandier, D. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. [Houchins, C.; Ng, C. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chiu, YH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil FU AFOSR [2303EP02] FX This work is supported by AFOSR under task No 2303EP02 (Program Manager: M Berman). NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 16 AR 165503 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/16/165503 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 334KQ UT WOS:000258221100066 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Gilman, JW Morgan, AB Shields, JR Maupin, PH Lyon, RE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, Douglas M. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Morgan, Alexander B. Shields, John R. Maupin, Paul H. Lyon, Richard E. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Flammability and thermal analysis characterization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRIALKYLIMIDAZOLIUM SALTS; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; HYDROGENATION; DEGRADATION; CATALYSIS AB Room-temperature ionic liquids have been identified as nonvolatile, nonflammable compounds with a wide range of applications. However, numerous thermal studies have identified volatile decomposition products and a source for fuel, raising questions regarding the fire hazard of ionic liquids. To address these questions, the flammability properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been measured using cone calorimetry and microscale combustion calorimetry. The combustion data are compared to flashpoints estimated from thermal gravimetric analysis data. The resulting flammability properties of ionic liquids are comparable to aliphatic hydrocarbon plastics (polyethylene and polyamide) and lower than high boiling organic solvents (ethyl lactate and dimethyl sulfoxide). Several structure-property relationships are observed, including alkyl chain length and anion type. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Shields, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morgan, Alexander B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lyon, Richard E.] FAA, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06300J001]; Federal Aviation Administration [ISSA-DTFA0003-92-Z-0018] FX We would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F1ATA06300J001) and the Federal Aviation Administration (ISSA-DTFA0003-92-Z-0018) for partial funding of this work. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 6327 EP 6332 DI 10.1021/ie800665u PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 336XO UT WOS:000258400300061 ER PT J AU Krause, LH Balthazor, R McHarg, MG Reinisch, BW AF Krause, L. Habash Balthazor, R. McHarg, M. G. Reinisch, B. W. TI Development of a campaign to study equatorial ionospheric phenomena over Guam SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; space weather; digisonde; GPS; TEC AB The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) is in the process of developing a series of ground-based and space-based experiments to investigate the equatorial ionosphere over Guam and the southern crest of the Equatorial Appleton Anomaly over New Guinea. On the ground the Digital Ionospheric Sounder (University of Massachusetts, Lowell DPS-4 unit) and a dual-frequency GPS TEC/scintillation monitor will be used to investigate ionospheric phenomena in both campaign and long-term survey modes. In campaign mode, we will combine these observations with those collected from space during USAFA's FalconSAT-3 and FalconSAT-5 low Earth orbit satellite missions, which will be active over a period of several years beginning in the first quarter of the 2007 calendar year. Additionally, we will investigate the long-term morphology of key ionospheric characteristics useful for driving the International Reference Ionosphere, such as critical frequencies (f(circle)E, f(circle)F1, f(circle)F2, etc.), the M(3000) F2 parameter (the maximum useable frequency for a signal refracted within the F2 layer and received on the ground at a distance of 3000 kin away), and a variety of other characteristics. Specific targets of investigation include: (a) a comparison of TEC observed by the GPS receiver with those calculated by IRI driven by DPS-4 observations, (b) a comparison of plasma turbulence observed on-orbit with ionospheric conditions as measured from the ground, and (c) a comparison between topside ionospheric satellite in situ measurements of plasma density during an overpass of a Digisonde versus the calculated value based on extrapolation of the electron density profiles using Digisonde data and a topside alpha-Chapman function. This last area of investigation is discussed in detail in this paper. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Krause, L. Habash; Balthazor, R.; McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinisch, B. W.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Krause, LH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, HQ USAFA DFP 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Linda.Krause@USAFA.af.mil; Bodo_Reinisch@uml.edu OI Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 791 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.01.021 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333BM UT WOS:000258127000027 ER PT J AU Cho, SY Soref, R AF Cho, Sang-Yeon Soref, Richard TI Interferometric microring-resonant 2x2 optical switches SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER-INJECTION; WAVE-GUIDES; SILICON; FILTERS; MODULATORS AB We present modeling and simulation results on a new family of waveguided interferometric 2 x 2 optical routing switches actuated by electro-optic or thermo-optic or all-optical control. Two pairs of coupled microring resonators provide two 3dB coupling regions within a compact Mach-Zehnder geometry. An index perturbation Delta n of 2 x 10(-3) is sufficient to produce 100% 2 x 2 switching. This perturbation can be applied to one arm of the MZI or to the four rings in the device or to an additional ring that is coupled to one arm. We find that push-pull control is effective for switching: for example, when carriers are injected in one region and depleted in a corresponding second region. An optical transfer-matrix technique is employed to determine the electromagnetic response (the 1550-nm switching characteristics) of the three device-types. Microdisks can be employed instead of microrings, if desired. c 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Cho, Sang-Yeon] New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cho, Sang-Yeon; Soref, Richard] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cho, SY (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sangycho@nmsu.edu RI Cho, Sang-Yeon/C-3075-2008 OI Cho, Sang-Yeon/0000-0002-4721-4087 FU AFOSR/NE FX The authors wish to thank AFOSR/NE (Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager) for ongoing support of this in-house research. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Walter Buchwald of AFRL for helpful technical discussions. Sang-Yeon Cho is an AFOSR Summer Faculty scientist at AFRL Hanscom. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 17 BP 13304 EP 13314 DI 10.1364/OE.16.013304 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 349GG UT WOS:000259268700089 PM 18711567 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Fossum, E Moore, BE Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Fossum, Eric Moore, Brian E. Dang, Thuy D. TI POLY 105-Synthesis and characterization of fluorine-contained polyimides with the diamondoid pendants on the backbone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Fossum, Eric] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Moore, Brian E.; Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; eric.fossum@wright.edu; s09.bmoore@wittenberg.edu; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 105-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308237 ER PT J AU Balkundi, SS Veerabadran, NG Johnson, GR Eby, DM Lvov, YM AF Balkundi, Shantanu S. Veerabadran, Nalinkanth G. Johnson, Glenn R. Eby, D. Matthew Lvov, Yuri M. TI PMSE 198-Nanoshells on microbial spores through polyelectrolyte LbL assembly SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Balkundi, Shantanu S.; Veerabadran, Nalinkanth G.; Lvov, Yuri M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.; Eby, D. Matthew] USAF, Airbase Technol Div, AF Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM ssb025@latech.edu; ngv001@latech.edu; ylvov@latech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 198-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001343 ER PT J AU Birnkrant, MJ Li, CY Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Lloyd, PF Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Birnkrant, Michael J. Li, Christopher Y. Natarajan, L. V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lloyd, Pamela F. Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. TI PMSE 210-2-D holographic patterning of polyoxyethylene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Birnkrant, Michael J.; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Birnkrant, Michael J.; Li, Christopher Y.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Natarajan, L. V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lloyd, Pamela F.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM subbasic@drexel.edu; cyl24@drexel.edu; vincent.tondiglia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 210-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001451 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Tolle, TB Baur, JW AF Chen, Chenggang Tolle, Tia Benson Baur, Jeffery W. TI POLY 605-Processing-morphology of the nanocomposites of epoxy with pristine silica SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chen, Chenggang] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tolle, Tia Benson; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 605-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308008 ER PT J AU Cheung, W Ma, YF Wei, DG Bogozi, A Chiu, PL Wang, L Pontoniero, F Mendelsohn, R He, HX AF Cheung, William Ma, Yufeng Wei, Dongguang Bogozi, Albert Chiu, Pul Lam Wang, Lin Pontoniero, Francesco Mendelsohn, Richard He, Huixin TI POLY 260-In situ polymerization of a thin skin of self-doped polyaniline to improve electronic performance of carbon nanotube networks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheung, William; Ma, Yufeng; Chiu, Pul Lam; Wang, Lin; Pontoniero, Francesco; Mendelsohn, Richard; He, Huixin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Wei, Dongguang] Carl Zeiss SMT Inc, Peabody, MA USA. [Bogozi, Albert] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM WillC8195@yahoo.com; fpontori@rutgers.edu; huixinhe@newark.rutgers.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 260-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308270 ER PT J AU Choi, EK Oh, SJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Eun-Kyoung Oh, Se-Jin Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI In situ grafting of hyperbranched poly(ether ketone) onto graphite via A3+B2 approach in poly(phosphoric acid)/phosphorous pentoxide medium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Choi, Eun-Kyoung; Oh, Se-Jin; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ekchoi@chungbuk.ac.kr; sejin@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 471-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308484 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Ahmad, G Vernon, J Cai, Y Jones, SE Wang, JD Subramanyam, G Naik, RR Kroger, N Sandhage, KH AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Ahmad, Gul Vernon, Jonathan Cai, Ye Jones, Sharon E. Wang, Jiadong Subramanyam, Guru Naik, Rajesh R. Kroger, Nils Sandhage, Kenneth H. TI COLL 337-Peptide-induced room temperature formation of nanostructured TiO2 and BaTiO3 from aqueous solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Jones, Sharon E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Biotechnol Grp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ahmad, Gul] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Microbiol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Vernon, Jonathan; Cai, Ye; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Jiadong; Subramanyam, Guru] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kroger, Nils] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Guru.Subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil; nils.kroger@chemistry.gatech.edu; ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 337-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303633 ER PT J AU Gordon, MS Boatz, JA AF Gordon, Mark S. Boatz, J. A. TI I&EC 164-Theoretical predictions of the structure and properties of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gordon, Mark S.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Boatz, J. A.] AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM mark@si.msg.chem.iastate.edu; Jerry.Boatz@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 164-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305062 ER PT J AU Hong, GY Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Pachter, Ruth TI INOR 481-Proton-transfer pathway in iron-only hydrogenase: Insight from density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hong, Gongyi] USAF, Res Lab, RXPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 481-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306513 ER PT J AU Hussain, S Stolle, L Murdock, C Schlager, J AF Hussain, Saber Stolle, Laura Murdock, Craig Schlager, John TI ANYL 289-Biological interaction of nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hussain, Saber; Stolle, Laura; Murdock, Craig; Schlager, John] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,AFRL HEPB,Area B,R ST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 289-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301391 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In Yup Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI POLY 473-Grafting of polyaniline onto the surface of amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jeon, In Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM inyup@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 473-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308265 ER PT J AU Kim, MJ Chatterjee, S Kim, SM Bradley, MG Pender, MJ Stach, E Sneddon, LG Maruyama, B AF Kim, Myung Jong Chatterjee, Shahana Kim, Seung Min Bradley, Mark G. Pender, Mark J. Stach, Eric Sneddon, Larry G. Maruyama, Benji TI INOR 247-Chemical routes for the syntheses of boron nitride nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kim, Myung Jong; Chatterjee, Shahana; Sneddon, Larry G.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bradley, Mark G.] Widener Univ, Dept Chem, Chester, PA 19013 USA. [Pender, Mark J.] MARC, Greenville, SC 29605 USA. [Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM myungj@sas.upenn.edu; shahana@sas.upenn.edu; kim319@PURDUE.EDU; bradley@pop1.science.widener.edu; mark.pender@us.michelin.com; eastach@ecn.purdue.edu; lsneddon@sas.upenn.edu RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 247-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306297 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Moore, BM Yandek, G Haddad, TS Ruth, PN McGrath, LM AF Mabry, Joseph M. Moore, Brian M. Yandek, Gregory Haddad, Timothy S. Ruth, Patrick N. McGrath, Laura M. TI Hybrid nanocomposite research at the Air Force Research Laboratory/Edwards AFB, current development for future application opportunities SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Moore, Brian M.; Ruth, Patrick N.] USAF, Res Lab, RZSM, AFRL,ENC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [McGrath, Laura M.] Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; brian.moore.ctr@edwards.af.mil; gregory.yandek@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil; patrick.ruth@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 607-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308486 ER PT J AU Naik, RR AF Naik, Rajesh R. TI ORGN 354-Processing of biopolymers using ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 354-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256309080 ER PT J AU Naik, RR AF Naik, Rajesh R. TI COLL 332-Biologically programmed synthesis, assembly and properties of bimorphic nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 332-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303517 ER PT J AU Parajuli, RR Simonian, A Wild, J Bogozi, A He, HX AF Parajuli, Rishi R. Simonian, Aleksandr Wild, James Bogozi, Albert He, Huixin TI PMSE 165-Sensitive and selective neurotoxin detection platform based on conducting polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Parajuli, Rishi R.; He, Huixin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Simonian, Aleksandr] Auburn Univ, Mat Res & Educ Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wild, James] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bogozi, Albert] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rparajul@pegasus.rutgers.edu; huixinhe@newark.rutgers.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 165-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001434 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Troe, J Nikitin, EE Bopp, JC AF Viggiano, Albert A. Miller, Thomas M. Troe, Juergen Nikitin, E. E. Bopp, Joseph C. TI PHYS 576-Production and destruction of SF6-: Detailed examination of electron attachment to SF6 and recombination with Ar SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Viggiano, Albert A.; Miller, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 07131 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Nikitin, E. E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Schulich Fac Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Bopp, Joseph C.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 576-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256307146 ER PT J AU Tassev, VL Bliss, DF AF Tassev, Vladimir L. Bliss, David F. TI Stranski, Krastanov, and Kaischew, and their influence on the founding of crystal growth theory SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE growth modes; nucleation; phase equilibrium ID EQUILIBRIUM; MECHANISM AB A reconsideration of the events and people associated with the birth of modern crystal growth theory is presented. The foundation of the new theory was enabled by validation of Gibbs and Volmer's thermodynamic theory with the new molecular-kinetic theory. For the first time it became possible to rigorously explain crystal growth at the atomic level. The new two-dimensional growth model opened the door to understanding the mechanisms of self-assembly, crystal defect formation, and nanostructures. Molecular-kinetic theory eventually embraced a second major tenet based on the model of spiral growth at dislocations. All of these initial discoveries occurred between 1927 and 1949, a time when the world was being torn apart by war. This article recounts some thoughts and actions of three of the most illustrious founders of crystal growth theory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bliss, David F.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Tassev, Vladimir L.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Bliss, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Vladimir.tassev.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; David.bliss@hanscom.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We are extremely thankful to all authors from the attached list of references. We also acknowledge the comprehensive article of Dr. Nikolina Sretenova (in Bulgarian) which we have widely quoted. We understand she intends to publish a forthcoming biographical book (one does not exist yet) about Prof. Ivan Stranski. The authors are supported in part by funding from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 18 BP 4209 EP 4216 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.054 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356PW UT WOS:000259791100031 ER PT J AU Smithtro, CG Solomon, SC AF Smithtro, C. G. Solomon, S. C. TI An improved parameterization of thermal electron heating by photoelectrons, with application to an X17 flare SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR EUV FLUX; F-REGION; IONOSPHERE; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURES; RESPONSES; DAYGLOW AB Global ionospheric models typically rely on parameterizations to account for heating of the plasma by photoelectrons. We compare the most commonly used parameterization to a rigorous photoelectron model and find the parameterization under-predicts the thermal electron volume heating rate by 20-30% under nominal solar conditions. When applied to a large solar flare, the parameterized heating rate is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the peak rate calculated with the physical model. To remedy this, we develop a new parameterization of electron heating that eliminates these differences; the resulting heating rates are within 5-15% of the physical model for nominal and solar flare conditions. The new algorithm is incorporated into a 1-D Global Average Ionosphere/Thermosphere (GAIT) model and used to investigate the response to the X17 flare of 28 October 2003. Electron temperatures calculated with the new parameterization are up to 10% higher prior to the flare, and 15% higher at the flare peak. The revised parameterization also leads to a 2% increase in neutral exospheric temperatures in the coupled model. The flare response of the global-average thermosphere is described and found to be similar to the satellite drag results reported by Sutton et al. C1 [Smithtro, C. G.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Solomon, S. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Smithtro, CG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.smithtro@gmail.com RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034 FU Air Force Institute of Technology; AFOSR; NASA [NNX07AC55G, NNX07AC61G]; National Science Foundation FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. Christopher Smithtro was supported by the Air Force Institute of Technology and a grant from AFOSR. Stanley C. Solomon was supported by NASA grants NNX07AC55G and NNX07AC61G to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank P. Chamberlin for providing the FISM data. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08307 DI 10.1029/2008JA013077 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338NS UT WOS:000258515200003 ER PT J AU Xiao, HM Reitz, TL Rottmayer, MA AF Xiao, Haiming Reitz, Thomas L. Rottmayer, Michael A. TI Polarization measurements of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells studied by incorporation of a reference electrode SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; SOFC; reference electrode; polarization; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ID PLACEMENT AB A three-electrode system configuration was applied to an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell where the anode to cathode surface area ratio was similar to 7.9, and Ni/YSZ Was used as the anode, LSM as the cathode, Pt as the reference electrode, and thin YSZ film as the electrolyte. The cell was polarized potentiostatically at -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 V versus Open Circuit voltage (OCV) and the potential change versus a reference electrode were recorded to ascertain the relative electrode polarization contributions. The results Of these studies suggested that, while the anode contributions to cell polarization were less significant than that observed for the cathode, they were not negligible. Furthermore, the disparity in the relative electrode polarization contribution was observed to decrease with increasing temperature and polarization. Electrode polarization Studies suggested that cathodic overvoltage decreased remarkably with increasing temperature whereas anodic overvoltage increased slightly with increasing temperature. Electrode kinetic parameters were extracted from these polarization experiments and the implications of these parameters to cell performance were discussed, Lastly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data was presented to further elucidate the relative contributions of the anode and cathode impedances on button cell performance. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Haiming] UES Corp, Aerosp Power & Prop, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Reitz, Thomas L.; Rottmayer, Michael A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xiao, HM (reprint author), UES Corp, Aerosp Power & Prop, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Haiming.Xiao@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 183 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.088 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 354SM UT WOS:000259659300008 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Albrecht, JD AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. TI Role of material property gradient and anisotropy in thermoelectric materials SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOWIRES; GRADED MATERIALS; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; AGPBMSBTE2+M AB It was recently discovered that inclusions, fatigue damage and other types of material imperfections and defects in metals can be nondestructively detected by noncontacting magnetic measurements that sense the thermoelectric currents produced by directional heating and cooling. Since detection of small defects in thermoelectric materials is ultimately limited by intrinsic thermoelectric anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the material to be inspected, a thorough study is required on their impact on the nondestructive capability. Therefore, in this investigation the induced electric current densities and thermal fluxes are first derived for a steady line heat source in an inhomogeneous and anisotropic thermoelectric material. The exact closed-form solutions are obtained by converting the original problem into two inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations via eigenvalue/ eigenvector separation. The material properties are assumed to vary exponentially in the same manner in an arbitrary direction. For the corresponding homogeneous but anisotropic material case, we also present an elegant formulation based on the complex variable method. It is shown that the induced magnetic fields can be expressed in a concise and exact closed form for a line heat source in an infinite homogeneous anisotropic material and in one of the two bonded anisotropic half-planes. Our numerical results demonstrate clearly that both property anisotropy and gradient in thermoelectric materials can significantly influence the induced thermoelectric currents and magnetic fields. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Appl Math, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0317] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0317. We thank the editor and the reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 083019 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/8/083019 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 344KV UT WOS:000258926700002 ER PT J AU Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Natarajan, LV Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Tondiglia, V. P. Sutherland, R. L. Natarajan, L. V. Lloyd, P. F. Bunning, T. J. TI Droplet deformation and alignment for high-efficiency polarization-dependent holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal reflection gratings SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Droplet deformation and alignment are achieved in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal reflection gratings by applying an in situ shear during recording. High diffraction efficiency (99%) is obtained for light polarized parallel to the shear, with nearly zero efficiency for perpendicular polarization, and no increase of incoherent scattering. Permanent polarization dependence is related to stress-induced morphology changes of liquid-crystal droplets that are frozen by polymerization. The system is studied by electron microscopy and modeled by anisotropic coupled-wave and scattering theory. The morphology is consistent with the theory of small deformations of liquid droplets in fluid flow. Diffraction efficiency measurements are in agreement with theory incorporating this morphology as well as concomitant orientation and alignment of liquid-crystal molecules. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Tondiglia, V. P.; Sutherland, R. L.; Natarajan, L. V.; Bunning, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tondiglia, V. P.; Sutherland, R. L.; Natarajan, L. V.] SAIC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lloyd, P. F.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/NL); AFRL/RX FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/NL) for their support of this work as well as support from AFRL/RX. We also wish to thank Patrick Mather for his help in explaining droplet orientation in shear flow and for directing us to references on droplet deformation. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 16 BP 1890 EP 1892 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001890 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347BH UT WOS:000259113300039 PM 18709123 ER PT J AU Kaziska, D Srivastava, A AF Kaziska, David Srivastava, Anuj TI The Karcher mean of a class of symmetric distributions on the circle SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANIFOLDS; SHAPE; SPACES AB We derive unique Karcher means for symmetric probability distributions on the unit circle, under the conditions that: (i) the distributions have differentiable density functions and (ii) the distributions are concentrated at the symmetry points. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaziska, David] USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Srivastava, Anuj] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kaziska, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.kaziska@afit.edu RI Srivastava, Anuj/F-7417-2011 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1314 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2007.12.005 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 347TX UT WOS:000259165100010 ER PT J AU Relph, RA Bopp, JC Johnson, MA Viggiano, AA AF Relph, Rachael A. Bopp, Joseph C. Johnson, Mark A. Viggiano, A. A. TI Argon cluster-mediated isolation and vibrational spectra of peroxy and nominally D-3h isomers of CO3- and NO3- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROMETRY; NITRIC-OXIDE; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; ION CHEMISTRY; NEGATIVE-IONS; JAHN-TELLER; D-REGION; PEROXYNITRITE; PHOTOELECTRON; ANION AB Vibrational predissociation spectra are reported for two isomeric forms of the gas-phase ions, CO3- and NO3-. The peroxy forms, (OOCO- and OONO-) were isolated using an Ar-mediated synthetic scheme involving exchange of CO and NO for the more weakly bound Ar ligands in O-2(-)center dot Ar-m clusters, while the forms based on a central heteroatom (CO3- and NO3-) were generated by electron impact on CO2 and HNO3 vapor. The simple two-band spectrum of OOCO- indicates that it is best described as the O-2(-)center dot CO ion-molecule complex, whereas the covalently bound CO3- form yields a much more complicated vibrational spectrum with bands extending out to 4000 cm(-1). In contrast, the NO3- ion yields a simple spectrum with only one transition as expected for the antisymmetric NO stretching fundamental of a species with D-3h structure. The spectrum of the peroxynitrite isomer, OONO-, displays intermediate complexity that can be largely understood in the context of fundamentals associated with its cis and trans structures previously characterized in an Ar matrix. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Relph, Rachael A.; Bopp, Joseph C.; Johnson, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Relph, RA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mark.johnson@yale.edu FU U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-955006-1-00049] FX We thank the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support of this work under Grant No. FA-955006-1-00049, and Professor John Stanton for extensive discussions regarding the treatment of peroxynitrite and covalent CO3- ions with advanced electronic structure theory, including effects arising from vibrational anharmonicity. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 6 AR 064305 DI 10.1063/1.2958223 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338FD UT WOS:000258490600024 PM 18715067 ER PT J AU McHugh, JP Dors, I Jumper, GY Roadcap, JR Murphy, EA Hahn, DC AF McHugh, J. P. Dors, I. Jumper, G. Y. Roadcap, J. R. Murphy, E. A. Hahn, D. C. TI Large variations in balloon ascent rate over Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LEE WAVES; RADIOSONDE DATA; GRAVITY-WAVES AB A sequence of nine weather balloons were launched recently over the island of Hawaii during the nights of 12, 13, and 17 December, 2002, providing measurements of ascent rate, horizontal wind speed and direction, temperature, and other quantities. The measurements show short intervals of altitude with a large increase in ascent rate, occurring only near the tropopause, indicating regions of strong upward air velocity at this location. The large ascent rates correlate well to the strength of a jet stream, and with the presence of a local critical level, indicating mountain waves as the primary cause. No corresponding decreases in ascent rate were measured, suggesting strong three-dimensional effects. C1 [McHugh, J. P.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jumper, G. Y.; Roadcap, J. R.; Murphy, E. A.; Hahn, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP McHugh, JP (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Space Sci, Kingsbury Hall,33 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Hahn, Douglas/0000-0003-0755-7904 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15123 DI 10.1029/2007JD009458 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338LZ UT WOS:000258510700001 ER PT J AU Elim, HI Jeon, SH Verma, S Ji, W Tan, LS Urbas, A Chiang, LY AF Elim, Hendry I. Jeon, Sea-Ho Verma, Sarika Ji, Wei Tan, Loon-Seng Urbas, Augustine Chiang, Long Y. TI Nonlinear optical transmission properties of C-60 dyads consisting of a light-harvesting diphenylaminofluorene antenna SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; LIMITING PROPERTIES; C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; FULLERENE DERIVATIVES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; STARBURST; ADDUCTS AB Highly enhanced nonlinear absorption cross section values Of C-60(>DPAF-C-2M[), C-60(>DPAF-C-9), and C-60(>DPAF-C-10) dyads were detected up to 5400, 9700, and 14000 GM, respectively, in the 2.0 ps region in toluene at the concentration of 1.5 x 10(-3) M. They were correlated to a trend showing higher efficiency in light transmittance attenuation down to 39-46% for the dyads C-60(>DPAF-C-10) and C-60(>DPAF-C-9) with the increase of irradiance intensity up only to 140 GW/cm(2). The phenomena were attributed to additional enhancement on the excited-state absorption of (1)C60*(>DPAF-C-n) in the subpicosecond to picosecond region over the two-photon absorption of C-60(>DPAF-C-n) in the femtosecond region. Its accumulative 2.0 ps absorption cross sections were estimated to be 8900 GM for (1)C60*(>DPAF-C-9), roughly one order of magnitude higher than its intrinsic femtosecond 2PA cross sections. C1 [Elim, Hendry I.; Ji, Wei] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. [Jeon, Sea-Ho; Verma, Sarika; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ji, W (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu RI Elim, Hendry/C-5328-2008; JI, WEI/H-5795-2015; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Elim, Hendry/0000-0002-4272-7115; JI, WEI/0000-0003-0303-0830; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 9561 EP 9564 DI 10.1021/jp8050356 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 335KR UT WOS:000258290000002 PM 18646808 ER PT J AU Lim, DH Lyons, CB Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lim, Dae-Hyun Lyons, Christopher B. Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Regioselective chemical modification of fullerene by destructive electrophilic reaction in polyphosphoric acid/phosphorus pentoxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID C-60; CHEMISTRY; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ACID AB An adduct of electrophilic reaction between C(60) and 4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzamide was afforded in a polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorus pentoxide (P(2)O(5)) medium at 130 degrees C. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrum of the adduct showed that multiple destructive acylation reactions of 4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzamide on C60 had occurred to give hexakis(4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzoyl)-substituted C(54). On the basis of the combined results of optical studies, it could be presumably concluded that the regioselective destruction and addition pathway on the C60 framework might have predominantly occurred to six-membered rings. C1 [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lyons, Christopher B.] SOCHE, Dayton, OH USA. [Lim, Dae-Hyun; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 12188 EP 12194 DI 10.1021/jp801772r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 335KS UT WOS:000258290100024 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Ryan, MAK Hooper, TI Smith, TC Amoroso, PJ Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Bell, NS AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Hooper, Tomoko I. Smith, Tyler C. Amoroso, Paul J. Boyko, Edward J. Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Bell, Nicole S. TI Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems before and after military combat deployment SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; GENERAL-POPULATION SURVEY; SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; DRINKING PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE AB Context High rates of alcohol misuse after deployment have been reported among personnel returning from past conflicts, yet investigations of alcohol misuse after return from the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are lacking. Objectives To determine whether deployment with combat exposures was associated with new-onset or continued alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcoholrelated problems. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed both a baseline (July 2001 to June 2003; n = 77 047) and followup (June 2004 to February 2006; n = 55 021) questionnaire (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After we applied exclusion criteria, our analyses included 48 481 participants (active duty, n = 26 613; Reserve or National Guard, n = 21 868). Of these, 5510 deployed with combat exposures, 5661 deployed without combat exposures, and 37 310 did not deploy. Main Outcome Measures New- onset and continued heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems at follow-up. Results Baseline prevalence of heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcoholrelated problems among Reserve or National Guard personnel who deployed with combat exposures was 9.0%, 53.6%, and 15.2%, respectively; follow-up prevalence was 12.5%, 53.0%, and 11.9%, respectively; and new-onset rates were 8.8%, 25.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. Among active-duty personnel, new-onset rates were 6.0%, 26.6%, and 4.8%, respectively. Reserve and National Guard personnel who deployed and reported combat exposures were significantly more likely to experience new-onset heavy weekly drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.96), binge drinking (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.71), and alcohol-related problems (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33-2.01) compared with nondeployed personnel. The youngest members of the cohort were at highest risk for all alcohol-related outcomes. Conclusion Reserve and National Guard personnel and younger service members who deploy with reported combat exposures are at increased risk of new-onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Bell, Nicole S.] Social Sectors Dev Strategies Inc, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Isabel.Jacobson@med.navy.mil FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA013324, R01 AA013324-01, R01-AA13324] NR 79 TC 255 Z9 257 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 6 BP 663 EP 675 DI 10.1001/jama.300.6.663 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 336OM UT WOS:000258374500019 PM 18698065 ER PT J AU Plemmons, DH Mehta, M Clark, BC Kounaves, SP Peach, LL Renno, NO Tamppari, L Young, SMM AF Plemmons, D. H. Mehta, M. Clark, B. C. Kounaves, S. P. Peach, L. L., Jr. Renno, N. O. Tamppari, L. Young, S. M. M. TI Effects of the Phoenix Lander descent thruster plume on the Martian surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID LIQUEFACTION; IMPINGEMENT; JETS AB The exhaust plume of Phoenix's hydrazine monopropellant pulsed descent thrusters will impact the surface of Mars during its descent and landing phase in the northern polar region. Experimental and computational studies have been performed to characterize the chemical compounds in the thruster exhausts. No undecomposed hydrazine is observed above the instrument detection limit of 0.2%. Forty-five percent ammonia is measured in the exhaust at steady state. Water vapor is observed at a level of 0.25%, consistent with fuel purity analysis results. Moreover, the dynamic interactions of the thruster plumes with the ground have been studied. Large pressure overshoots are produced at the ground during the ramp-up and ramp-down phases of the duty cycle of Phoenix's pulsed engines. These pressure overshoots are superimposed on the 10 Hz quasi-steady ground pressure perturbations with amplitude of about 5 kPa (at touchdown altitude) and have a maximum amplitude of about 20 -40 kPa. A theoretical explanation for the physics that causes these pressure perturbations is briefly described in this article. The potential for soil erosion and uplifting at the landing site is also discussed. The objectives of the research described in this article are to provide empirical and theoretical data for the Phoenix Science Team to mitigate any potential problem. The data will also be used to ensure proper interpretation of the results from on-board scientific instrumentation when Martian soil samples are analyzed. C1 [Plemmons, D. H.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Mehta, M.; Renno, N. O.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Clark, B. C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. [Kounaves, S. P.; Young, S. M. M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Peach, L. L., Jr.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Tamppari, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Plemmons, DH (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, 1099 Schriever Ave, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM david.plemmons@arnold.af.mil OI Kounaves, Samuel/0000-0002-2629-4831 FU NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Phoenix Mars Mission FX This work was supported by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Phoenix Mars Mission. In particular, we would like to thank Peter Smith (Phoenix Mission PI) of University of Arizona; Robert Shotwell (Project Systems Engineer), Rob Grover (EDL Systems Lead) and Mike Hecht (MECA Lead) of NASA JPL; Bill Boynton (TEGA Lead) of University of Arizona; Greg McAllister, Tim Fisher, Pete Huseman, Doug Gulick, and Tim Priser of Lockheed Martin Space Systems; Matt Dawson of Aerojet, Inc.; Chuck Davis of KSC; John Marshall of SETI; Ron Greeley of Arizona State University; Ray Arvidson of Washington University; and Jasper Kok and Robb Gillespie of the University of Michigan for all their support and guidance. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 113 AR E003059 DI 10.1029/2007JE003059 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 338NG UT WOS:000258514000001 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Murphy, J Brunke, L Long, JD Horwath, J Turgut, Z AF Levin, George A. Barnes, Paul N. Murphy, John Brunke, Lyle Long, J. David Horwath, John Turgut, Zafer TI Persistent current in coils made out of second generation high temperature superconductor wire. SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; SCALE-UP; DYNAMICS; PROGRESS; CREEP AB We report the results of an experimental study of a persistent coil made out of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) coated conductors. The magnitude of the persistent current and the rate of decay were investigated. Two distinct modes of relaxation are evident-one is flux creep and the other, which is much faster, is of less obvious origin. Our conclusion is that the persistent current in such a coil can be large enough and decay slowly enough so that coated conductors can be used to make persistent coils for variety of applications. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Levin, George A.; Barnes, Paul N.; Murphy, John; Brunke, Lyle; Long, J. David; Horwath, John; Turgut, Zafer] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 6 AR 062504 DI 10.1063/1.2969798 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338FH UT WOS:000258491000045 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Emergo, RLS Wang, X Xu, G Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Wu, J. Z. Emergo, R. L. S. Wang, X. Xu, G. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. TI Strong nanopore pinning enhances J(c) in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB Transport critical current density (J(c)) has been studied in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) thin films doped with nanopores as pins on magnetic vortices. The density of the nanopores in the range of 5 +/- 3 pores/mu m(2) corresponds to an accommodation field H(m)similar to 4.1-16.6 mT. High J(c) up to 8.3 MA/cm(2) has been observed on these porous YBCO films at 77 K and self-field. A close correlation between J(c) and the magnetic pinning potential of the nanopores has been demonstrated below H(m), suggesting that nanopores are strong pins on the magnetic vortices. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wu, J. Z.; Emergo, R. L. S.; Wang, X.; Xu, G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM jwu@ku.edu RI Xu, Guowei/H-2749-2013 FU NSF; AFOSR; DOE FX The authors acknowledge support from NSF and AFOSR for this work. J.Z.W. was supported by DOE. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 6 AR 062506 DI 10.1063/1.2970965 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338FH UT WOS:000258491000047 ER PT J AU Sennet, L Fossum, E Tan, LS AF Sennet, Laura Fossum, Eric Tan, Loon-Seng TI Branched poly(arylene ether ketone)s with tailored thermal properties: Effects of AB/AB(2) ratio, core (B-3) percentage, and reaction temperature SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE copolymerization; poly(ether ketone); thermal properties ID NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC-SUBSTITUTION; PHOSPHINE OXIDE)S; HYPERBRANCHED POLYESTERS; COPOLYMERIZATION; MONOMER; POLYMERIZATION; AB(2); POLYCONDENSATION; ACID; AB AB A series of poly(ether ketone) copolymers were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic polymerization reactions of the AB monomer 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone, 1, and the AB(2) monomer bis(4-fluorophenyl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide, 2, in the presence of 3 or 5 mol% of a highly reactive core molecule, tris(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)phosphine oxide (B-3), 4. All of the copolymers prepared in the presence of a core molecule were sufficiently soluble in N-methylpyrrolidinone, NMP to allow the determination of their molecular weights and polydispersity indices, PDIs. Number-average molecular weights, M(n)s, of 3200-6800 Da were determined and the PDI values ranged from 1.41 to 4.07. The M-n Was controlled by the mol% of 4 present in the reaction mixture with higher molar percentages leading to lower M. values. Lower reaction temperatures and lower ratios of AB/AB(2) monomers afforded copolymers with lower PDI values. As expected, the crystallinity of the samples decreased with an increasing AB2 content or an increase in PDI The copolymers also exhibited excellent thermo-oxidative stability with a number of samples suffering 5% weight losses at temperatures, in air, well in excess of 450 degrees C. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sennet, Laura; Fossum, Eric] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RXBN,Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch,Mat & Mfg Direc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Fossum, E (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM eric.fossum@wright.edu; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Material and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research FX The authors thank the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) for funding support, Material and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research laboratory for in-kind support of this project, and Marlene Houtz (UDRI) for TGA and DSC data. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 17 BP 3731 EP 3736 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.06.046 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 339ZQ UT WOS:000258616200017 ER PT J AU Diamanti, S Arifuzzaman, S Elsen, A Genzer, J Vaia, RA AF Diamanti, Steve Arifuzzaman, Shafi Elsen, Andrea Genzer, Jan Vaia, Richard A. TI Reactive patterning via post-functionalization of polymer brushes utilizing disuccinimidyl carbonate activation to couple primary amines SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE post-functionalization; polymer brush; patterning ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER FILMS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; N,N'-DISUCCINIMIDYL CARBONATE; MATERIALS SCIENCE; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; CELL-ADHESION AB Polymer brushes provide an exceptional route to surface functionalization due to their chemical and mechanical robustness, lack of large-area defects, and high density of functional groups. In spite of these benefits, the synthetic difficulty and complex surface structure associated with polymer brushes have hindered their utilization for constructing multifunctional, patterned surfaces. In this contribution we describe the use of a rapid and highly efficient polymer brush post-functionalization technique as a facile method for controlling surface functionality of polymer brushes, Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes are post-functionalized via activation with N,N '-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) and subsequent coupling to molecules containing alpha-amine moieties. This post-functionalization effectively tailors surface energy resulting in water contact angles ranging from 40 degrees to 100 degrees using different conjugate molecules. Furthermore, the solvent tolerance, insensitivity to reactant concentration, and rapid reaction time of the aminolysis reaction enable surface energy patterning of the polymer brushes through the use of "reactive" soft lithography. Finally, these surface energy patterns could be "developed" by exposure to gold nanoparticle solutions to yield surfaces with patterned nanoparticle density. C1 [Diamanti, Steve; Elsen, Andrea; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arifuzzaman, Shafi; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 77 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 17 BP 3770 EP 3779 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.06.020 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 339ZQ UT WOS:000258616200022 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Justice, RS Schaefer, DW Baur, JW AF Chen, Chenggang Justice, Ryan S. Schaefer, Dale W. Baur, Jeffery W. TI Highly dispersed nanosilica-epoxy resins with enhanced mechanical properties SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; small-angle scattering; mechanical properties ID WIDE TEMPERATURE-RANGE; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; POWER-LAW APPROACH; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; CURE KINETICS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; SILICA AB Epoxy-nanocomposite resins filled with 12-nm spherical silica particles were investigated for their thermal and mechanical properties as a function of silica loading. The nanoparticles were easily dispersed with minimal aggregation for loadings up to 25 wt% as determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). A proportional decrease in cure temperatures and glass transition temperature (for loadings of 10 wt% and above) was observed with increased silica loading. The morphology determined by USAXS is consistent with a zone around the silica particles from which neighboring particles are excluded. The "exclusion zone" extends to 10x the particle diameter. For samples with loadings less than 10 wt%, increases of 25% in tensile modulus and 30% in fracture toughness were obtained. More highly loaded samples continued to increase in modulus, but decreased in strength and fracture toughness. Overall, the addition of nanosilica is shown as a promising method for property enhancement of aerospace epoxy composite resins. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Justice, Ryan S.; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Chenggang] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Justice, Ryan S.; Schaefer, Dale W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Baur, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way,Bldg 654-136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffery.baur@wpafb.af.mil RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 37 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 17 BP 3805 EP 3815 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.06.023 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 339ZQ UT WOS:000258616200026 ER PT J AU Bruntt, H Evans, NR Stello, D Penny, AJ Eaton, JA Buzasi, DL Sasselov, DD Preston, HL Miller-Ricci, E AF Bruntt, H. Evans, N. R. Stello, D. Penny, A. J. Eaton, J. A. Buzasi, D. L. Sasselov, D. D. Preston, H. L. Miller-Ricci, E. TI Polaris the Cepheid returns: 4.5 years of monitoring from ground and space SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : individual (HD 8890, Polaris) ID EJECTION IMAGER SMEI; OPEN CLUSTER M67; RADIAL-VELOCITY; MULTISITE CAMPAIGN; WIRE SATELLITE; PERIOD; AMPLITUDE; GIANTS; OSCILLATIONS; PARALLAXES AB We present the analysis of 4.5 years of nearly continuous observations of the classical Cepheid Polaris, which comprise the most precise data available for this star. We have made spectroscopic measurements from ground and photometric measurements from the WIRE star tracker and the SMEI instrument on the Coriolis satellite. Measurements of the amplitude of the dominant oscillation ( P = 4 days), which go back more than a century, show a decrease from A(V) = 120 to 30 mmag around the turn of the millennium. It has been speculated that the reason for the decrease in amplitude is the evolution of Polaris toward the edge of the instability strip. However, our new data reveal an increase in the amplitude by similar to 30% from 2003 to 2006. It now appears that the amplitude change is cyclic rather than monotonic and most likely the result of a pulsation phenomenon. In addition, previous radial velocity campaigns have claimed the detection of long-period variation in Polaris (P > 40 days). Our radial velocity data are more precise than previous data sets, and we find no evidence for additional variation for periods in the range 3-50 days with an upper limit of 100 m s(-1). However, in the WIRE data we find evidence of variation on timescales of 2-6 days, which we interpret as being due to granulation. C1 [Bruntt, H.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Evans, N. R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Penny, A. J.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Eaton, J. A.] Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Buzasi, D. L.; Preston, H. L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sasselov, D. D.; Miller-Ricci, E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bruntt, H (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1086/589565 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100037 ER PT J AU Owens, MJ Spence, HE McGregor, S Hughes, WJ Quinn, JM Arge, CN Riley, P Linker, J Odstrcil, D AF Owens, M. J. Spence, H. E. McGregor, S. Hughes, W. J. Quinn, J. M. Arge, C. N. Riley, P. Linker, J. Odstrcil, D. TI Metrics for solar wind prediction models: Comparison of empirical, hybrid, and physics-based schemes with 8 years of L1 observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CORONAL HOLES; SUN; INTERPLANETARY AB Space weather effects on technological systems originate with energy carried from the Sun to the terrestrial environment by the solar wind. In this study, we present results of modeling of solar corona-heliosphere processes to predict solar wind conditions at the L1 Lagrangian point upstream of Earth. In particular we calculate performance metrics for (1) empirical, (2) hybrid empirical/physics-based, and (3) full physics-based coupled corona-heliosphere models over an 8-year period (1995-2002). L1 measurements of the radial solar wind speed are the primary basis for validation of the coronal and heliosphere models studied, though other solar wind parameters are also considered. The models are from the Center for Integrated Space-Weather Modeling (CISM) which has developed a coupled model of the whole Sun-to-Earth system, from the solar photosphere to the terrestrial thermosphere. Simple point-by-point analysis techniques, such as mean-square-error and correlation coefficients, indicate that the empirical coronal-heliosphere model currently gives the best forecast of solar wind speed at 1 AU. A more detailed analysis shows that errors in the physics-based models are predominately the result of small timing offsets to solar wind structures and that the large-scale features of the solar wind are actually well modeled. We suggest that additional "tuning'' of the coupling between the coronal and heliosphere models could lead to a significant improvement of their accuracy. Furthermore, we note that the physicsbased models accurately capture dynamic effects at solar wind stream interaction regions, such as magnetic field compression, flow deflection, and density buildup, which the empirical scheme cannot. C1 [Owens, M. J.; Spence, H. E.; McGregor, S.; Hughes, W. J.; Quinn, J. M.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [McGregor, S.; Linker, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Owens, MJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mjowens@bu.edu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 27 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 8 AR S08001 DI 10.1029/2007SW000380 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336CZ UT WOS:000258343200001 ER PT J AU LeMaster, DA AF LeMaster, Daniel A. TI Fundamental estimation bounds for polarimetric imagery SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATED REGISTRATION; TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES; POLARIZATION AB Precise channel-to-channel registration is a prerequisite for effective exploitation of passive polarimetric imagery. In this paper, the Cramer-Rao bound is employed to determine the limits of registration precision in the presence of scene polarization diversity, channel noise, and random translational registration errors between channels. The effects of misregistration on Stokes image estimation are also explored in depth. Algorithm bias is discussed in the context of the bound, without being estimator specific. Finally, case studies are presented for polarization insensitive imagery (a special case) and linear polarization imaging systems with three and four channels. An optimum polarization channel arrangement is proposed in the context of the bound. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.lemaster@afit.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 16 BP 12018 EP 12036 DI 10.1364/OE.16.012018 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 336MS UT WOS:000258368600039 PM 18679475 ER PT J AU Howard, TA Simnett, GM AF Howard, T. A. Simnett, G. M. TI Interplanetary coronal mass ejections that are undetected by solar coronagraphs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; COROTATING STREAMS; WHITE-LIGHT; IMAGER SMEI; 5 AU; EARTH; WIND; SCINTILLATION; TRANSIENT; SHOCKS AB From February 2003 to September 2005 the Solar Mass Ejection Imager on the Coriolis spacecraft detected 207 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) in the inner heliosphere. We have examined the data from the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) on the SOHO spacecraft for evidence of coronal transient activity that might have been the solar progenitor of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) events, taking into account the projected speed of the SMEI event and its position angle in the plane of the sky. We found a significant number of SMEI events where there is either only a weak or unlikely coronal mass ejection (CME) detected by LASCO or no event at all. A discussion of the effects of projection across large distances on the ICME measurements is made, along with a new technique called the Cube-Fit procedure that was designed to model the ICME trajectory more accurately than simple linear fits to elongation-time plots. Of the 207 SMEI events, 189 occurred during periods of full LASCO data coverage. Of these, 32 or 17% were found to have a weak or unlikely LASCO counterpart, and 14 or 7% had no apparent LASCO transient association. Using solar X-ray, EUV and Ha data we investigated three main physical possibilities for ICME occurrence with no LASCO counterpart: (1) Corotating interaction regions (CIRs), (2) erupting magnetic structures (EMS), and (3) flare blast waves. We find that only one event may possibly be a CIR and that flare blast waves can be ruled out. The most likely phenomenon is investigated and discussed, that of EMS. Here, the transient erupts in the same manner as a typical CME, except that they do not have sufficient mass to be detected by LASCO. As the structure moves outward, it accumulates and concentrates solar wind material until it is bright enough to be detected by SMEI. C1 [Howard, T. A.] Natl Solar Observ, Space Vehicles Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Simnett, G. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, Space Vehicles Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM thoward@nso.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08102 DI 10.1029/2007JA012920 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 333MO UT WOS:000258156800003 ER PT J AU Cording, M Christmann, P King, DR AF Cording, Margaret Christmann, Petra King, David R. TI Reducing causal ambiguity in acquisition integration: Intermediate goals as mediators of integration decisions and acquisition performance SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID RESOURCE-BASED VIEW; SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES; HORIZONTAL ACQUISITIONS; STRATEGIC DECISIONS; FIRM PERFORMANCE; MERGERS; MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE AB Integration is a difficult process, but one that is vital to acquisition performance. One reason acquirers encounter difficulties is that the integration process exhibits high levels of intrafirm linkage ambiguity-a lack of clarity in the causal link between integration decisions and their performance outcomes. We introduce the construct of intermediate goals as a mechanism that reduces intrafirm linkage ambiguity. Our structural model results, based on a sample of 129 horizontal acquisitions, indicate that the achievement of two intermediate goals (internal reorganization and market expansion) fully mediates the relationships between four integration decisions and acquisition performance. C1 [Cording, Margaret] Rice Univ, Jones Grad Sch Management, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Christmann, Petra] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [King, David R.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cording, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Jones Grad Sch Management, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM cording@rice.edu; christmannp@business.rutgers.edu; david.king.2@us.af.mil RI King, David/B-2204-2012 OI King, David/0000-0001-8463-8439 NR 129 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 6 U2 63 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 0001-4273 J9 ACAD MANAGE J JI Acad. Manage. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 744 EP 767 PG 24 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 344UM UT WOS:000258952800007 ER PT J AU Norfleet, DM Dimiduk, DM Polasik, SJ Uchic, MD Mills, MJ AF Norfleet, D. M. Dimiduk, D. M. Polasik, S. J. Uchic, M. D. Mills, M. J. TI Dislocation structures and their relationship to strength in deformed nickel microcrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nickel; dislocation density; plastic deformation; size effects; TEM ID CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DEPENDENCE; FLOW-STRESS; DEFORMATION; SCALE; COMPRESSION; THICKNESS; FOREST AB The present work uses focused ion beam methods to prepare samples for transmission electron microscopy in order to quantitatively characterize changes in the dislocation substructures obtained from undeformed and deformed pure Ni microcrystals having sample diameters that range from I to 20 mu m. Following deformation, the dislocation density measured in the microcrystals is on average in excess of their expected initial density, with an apparent trend that the average density increases with decreasing microcrystal size. These dislocation density data are used to assess the contributions of forest hardening to the flow strength of the microcrystals. The combined effects of lattice friction, source-truncation hardening and forest hardening are found to be insufficient to fully account for the large flow strengths in smaller microcrystals. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Norfleet, D. M.; Polasik, S. J.; Mills, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Norfleet, DM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 477 Watts Hall,2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dmnorfleet@esi-il.com NR 54 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 7 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 2988 EP 3001 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.046 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100007 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Tang, M Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Tang, M. Woodward, C. TI Athermal mechanisms of size-dependent crystal flow gleaned from three-dimensional discrete dislocation simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation dynamics; plastic deformation; compression test; nickel; size effects ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; LENGTH SCALES; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STRAIN GRADIENTS; MICRO-PILLARS; THIN-FILM; STRENGTH; AVALANCHES AB Recent experimental studies have revealed that micrometer-scale face-centered cubic (fcc) crystals show strong strengthening effects, even at high initial dislocation densities. We use large-scale three-dimensional discrete dislocation simulations (DDS) to explicitly model the deformation behavior of fcc Ni microcrystals in the size range of 0.5-20 mu m. This study shows that two size-sensitive athermal hardening processes, beyond forest hardening, are sufficient to develop the dimensional scaling of the flow stress, stochastic stress variation, flow intermittency and high initial strain-hardening rates, similar to experimental observations for various materials. One mechanism, source-truncation hardening, is especially potent in micrometer-scale volumes. A second mechanism, termed exhaustion hardening, results from a breakdown of the mean-field conditions for forest hardening in small volumes, thus biasing the statistics of ordinary dislocation processes. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RxLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Tang, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Woodward, C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RxLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM satish.rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 67 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 3245 EP 3259 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.011 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100030 ER PT J AU Ostrom, CS Martin, WJ Zacharakis, J AF Ostrom, Christopher Sean Martin, William Jay Zacharakis, Jeff TI Autopoiesis and the cosmology of postmodern adult education SO ADULT EDUCATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE education; postmodern; phenomenology; autopoiesis; individualism; identity; social; constructionism; community AB From the time adult education emerged as a field of study, it has suffered a crisis of identity by which the field is increasingly defined by a lack of consensus regarding its larger aspirations and operational boundaries. The purpose of this article is to begin deconstructing and reconstructing the field of adult education phenomenologically by (a) exploring the basic historical assumptions and socially constructed, collectivist realities on which adult education founded its theory and practice in the modern era, (b) elucidating the postmodern turn these realities have taken in the past half century, and (c) reconciling adult education's historical mission with new realities facing the field. This article ultimately concludes that any viable conception of adult education must not only make postmodern individuals better competitors in the global marketplace, but must also help them and the organizations they comprise to define themselves within a larger autopoietic web of relations. C1 [Ostrom, Christopher Sean; Zacharakis, Jeff] Kansas State Univ, Dept Educ Leadership, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zacharakis, Jeff] Kansas State Univ, Inst Civ Discourse & Democracy, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Martin, William Jay] USAF, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Ostrom, CS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Educ Leadership, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0741-7136 J9 ADULT EDUC QUART JI Adult Educ. Q. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 4 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1177/0741713608318894 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 330KI UT WOS:000257939400003 ER PT J AU Periannan, V von Spakovsky, MR Moorhouse, DJ AF Periannan, V. von Spakovsky, M. R. Moorhouse, D. J. TI A study of various energy- and exergy-based optimisation metrics for the design of high performance aircraft systems SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper shows the advantages of applying exergy-based analysis and optimisation methods to the synthesis/design and operation of aircraft systems. In particular, an Advanced Aircraft Fighter (AAF) with three subsystems: a Propulsion Subsystem (PS), an Environmental Control Subsystem (ECS), and an Airframe Subsystem - Aerodynamics (AFS-A) is used to illustrate these advantages. Thermodynamic (both energy and exergy based), aerodynamic, geometric, and physical models of the components comprising the subsystems are developed and their interactions defined. Off-design performance is considered as well and is used in the analysis and optimisation of system synthesis/design and operation as the aircraft is flown over an entire mission. An exergy-based parametric study of the PS and its components is first presented in order to show the type of detailed information on internal system losses which an exergy analysis can provide and an energy analysis by its very nature is unable to provide. This is followed by a series of constrained, system synthesis/design optimisations based on five different objective functions, which define energy-based and exergy-based measures of performance. The former involve minimising the gross takeoff weight or maximising the thrust efficiency while the latter involve minimising the rates of exergy destruction plus the rate of exergy fuel loss (with and without AFS-A losses) or maximising the thermodynamic effectiveness. A first set of optimisations involving four of the objectives (two energy-based and two exergy-based) are performed with only PS and ECS degrees of freedom. Losses for the AFS-A are not incorporated into the two exergy-based objectives. The results show that as expected all four objectives globally produce the same Optimum vehicle. A second set of optimisations is then performed with AFS-A degrees of freedom and again with two energy- and exergy-based objectives. However, this time one of the exergy-based objectives incorporates AFS-A losses directly into the objective. The results are that with this latter objective, a significantly better Optimum Vehicle is produced. Thus, an exergy-based approach is not only able to pinpoint where the greatest inefficiencies in the system occur but appears at least in this case to produce a superior optimum vehicle as well by accounting for irreversibility losses in subsystems (e.g., the AFS-A) only indirectly tied to fuel usage. C1 [Periannan, V.; von Spakovsky, M. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Moorhouse, D. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Periannan, V (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI von Spakovsky, Michael/F-2465-2014 OI von Spakovsky, Michael/0000-0002-3884-6904 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1134 BP 449 EP 458 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 359YE UT WOS:000260023400002 ER PT J AU Pratt, DM Moorhouse, D AF Pratt, D. M. Moorhouse, D. TI System integration of high intensity energy subsystems - a thermal management challenge SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGE AB Current and future Air Force weapons systems lack the necessary power and cooling capacity to provide full systems level capability as a result of energy and thermal management limitations. Cooling capacity of fuel is already fully utilised leaving little room for additional cooling needs. Additionally, increasing speed, power, and miniaturisation of future systems continue to stress any thermal management capability that we can now deliver. Thus, the focus of this paper is a conceptual assessment of the key energy and thermal management technologies to meet the future energy challenges. It presents an overview of the current state of the art and also possible future research. C1 [Pratt, D. M.; Moorhouse, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pratt, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1134 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 359YE UT WOS:000260023400005 ER PT J AU Dalton, SR LeBoit, PE AF Dalton, Scott R. LeBoit, Philip E. TI Squamous cell carcinoma with clear cells: How often is there evidence of tricholemmal differentiation? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clear cell carcinoma; tricholemmal carcinoma; cutaneous; glycogen; outer root sheath; CD34; NGFR/p75; CK17; PAS ID COMPREHENSIVE CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; TRICHILEMMAL CARCINOMA; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODY; VARIANT; TUMORS; SKIN AB Clear-cell carcinoma of the skin was described by Kuo in 1980 as a cutaneous tumor composed of clear cells that lacked cytoplasmic glycogen or evidence of tricholemmal keratinization. Tricholemmal carcinoma (TC) is conventionally considered to be a neoplasm derived from adnexal keratinocytes with glycogenated clear cells and evidence of outer root sheath or tricholemmal differentiation. The existence of TC has been questioned as it has been argued that without clear immurrohistochemical evidence of outer root sheath differentiation, TC cannot be distinguished from clear-cell carcinoma of the skin. Our laboratory has not routinely stained the cases that appear to be carcinomas with clear keratinocytes to determine if glycogen is present and has not made the diagnosis of TC. We sought to test whether the presence of glycogen, light microscopic features said to be typical of TC, or inummohistochemical findings would delineate a group of "true" TC among the cases that we have been recording as squamous cell carcinomas with clear cells (SCC-C). 40 cases of SCC-C were evaluated for 7 histologic and histochemical criteria (a lobular arrangement, peripheral palisading, tricholemmal keratinization, folliculocentricity, evidence of a preexisting tricholemmoma, the presence of intracytoplasmic glycogen, and a thickened basement membrane) said to characterize TC. Selected cases were then stained for immunohistochemical markers (CD34, CK17, and NGFR/p75) that have been used as evidence for tricholemmal differentiation in some studies. Of the 40 cases, 38 (95%) SCC-C showed intracytoplasmic glycogen (periodic Schiff positivity abolished by diastase) and 55% of cases showed foci of tricholemmal keratinization. Overall, the carcinomas showed a spectrum of the above aggregated criteria ranging from 0 to 5. None possessed all the criteria expected in an ideal TC. In addition, the majority of the selected SCC-C in this study were negative (85%) for antigens typically found in the outer root sheath epithelium of the hair follicle. The glycogen-free clear-cell carcinoma described by Kuo seems uncommon in our patient population.. Rare cases of SCC-C met the majority of Headington's criteria for TC or showed immurohistochemical evidence of tricholemmal differentiation. Thus, we also conclude that well-differentiated TC is rare and its description in the literature may overstate the case that it is a well-characterized cutaneous neoplasm. C1 [LeBoit, Philip E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. [LeBoit, Philip E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. [Dalton, Scott R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP LeBoit, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, 1701 Divisadero St,Room 350, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM philip.leboit@ucsf.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 333 EP 339 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 330LC UT WOS:000257941600003 PM 18645304 ER PT J AU Purdy, C Ewing, R Beyette, FR AF Purdy, Carla Ewing, Robert Beyette, Fred R., Jr. TI Selected papers on MWSCAS 2005 SO ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Purdy, Carla; Beyette, Fred R., Jr.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Ewing, Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Div Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ewing, Robert] Univ Cincinnati, CERC, Dayton, OH USA. [Ewing, Robert] USAF, Informat Directorates Embedded Informat Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP Purdy, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM carla.purdy@uc.edu; beyette@ececs.uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1030 J9 ANALOG INTEGR CIRC S JI Analog Integr. Circuits Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s10470-008-9169-6 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 299XF UT WOS:000255788200001 ER PT J AU Moore, ML Quinn, JM AF Moore, Meredith L. Quinn, James M. TI Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy for primary antibody deficiency: advancements into the 21st century SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES; COMMON-VARIABLE-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; IGG SELF-INFUSIONS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; GAMMA-GLOBULIN; HOME TREATMENT; SAFETY; CHILDREN; EFFICACY AB Objectives: To provide a review of the world literature and discuss the clinical role of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) therapy for primary antibody deficiency. Data Sources: English-language publications on SCIG therapy were identified through MEDLINE and through the reference list of the initially identified publications. Study Selection: Articles pertaining to SCIG for the treatment of immunodeficiency, particularly primary antibody deficiency, were selected. Results: SCIG therapy has been shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of primary immunodeficiency. The risk of systemic reactions during infusion is generally reported to be less than 1%. Many patients prefer SCIG over conventional intravenous immunoglobulin therapy because of increased convenience and independence associated with SCIG therapy. Publications show SCIG therapy to be advantageous in selected patient populations, such as children, pregnant women, and patients with poor intravenous access. Conclusion: SCIG therapy has been widely used in some European countries for a number of years, but a Food and Drug Administration-approved product was only recently introduced into the United States in 2006. SCIG therapy offers unique advantages that are applicable to many patients receiving immunoglobulin therapy for primary immunodeficiency. C1 [Moore, Meredith L.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Moore, ML (reprint author), Allergy Immunol Clin, 59th MDOS-SGOMVA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM meredith.moore@lackland.af.mil NR 53 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 336LU UT WOS:000258366100002 PM 18727465 ER PT J AU Brooke, H Perkins, DL Setlow, B Setlow, P Bronk, BV Myrick, ML AF Brooke, Heather Perkins, David L. Setlow, Barbara Setlow, Peter Bronk, Burt V. Myrick, Michael L. TI Sampling and quantitative analysis of clean B-subtilis spores at sub-monolayer coverage by reflectance Fourier transform infrared microscopy using gold-coated filter substrates SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy; mid-infrared spectroscopy; MIR spectroscopy; bacterial endospores; reflectance; linearity studies; absorption cross-section; scattering profile ID BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM; EXTINCTION; SIMULANTS; ANTHRAX; THREAT AB A study was conducted to determine the concentration dependency of the mid-infrared (MIR) absorbance of bacterial spores. A range of concentrations of Bacillus subtilis endospores filtered across gold-coated filter membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance microscopy. Calibration curves were derived from the peak absorbances associated with Amide A, Amide 1, and Amide 11 vibrational frequencies by automatic baseline fitting to remove most of the scattering contribution. Linear relationships (R-2 >= 0.99) were observed between the concentrations of spores and the baseline-corrected peak absorbance for each frequency studied. Detection limits for our sampled area of 100 X 100 mu m(2) were determined to be 79, 39, and 184 spores (or 7.92 X 10(5), 3.92 X 10(5), and 1.84 X 10(6) spores/cm(2)) for the Amide A, Amide I, and Amide II peaks, respectively. Absorbance increased linearly above the scattering baseline with particle surface concentration up to 0.9 monolayer (ML) coverage, with the monolayer density calculated to be approximately 1.17 X 10(8) spores/cm(2). Scattering as a function of surface concentration, as estimated from extinction values at wavelengths exhibiting low absorbance, becomes nonlinear at a much lower surface concentration. The apparent scattering cross-section per spore decreased monotonically as concentrations increased toward 1.2 ML, while the absolute scattering decreased between 0.9 ML and 1.2 ML coverage. Calculations suggest that transverse spatial coherence effects are the origin of this nonlinearity, while the onset of nonlinearity in the baseline-corrected absorption is probably due to multiple scattering effects, which appear at a high surface concentration. Absorption cross-sections at peaks of the three bands were measured to be (2.15 +/- 0.05) X 10(-9), (1.48 +/- 0.03) X 10(-9), and (0.805 +/- 0.023) X 10(-9) cm(2), respectively. These values are smaller by a factor of 2-4 than expected from the literature. The origin of the reduced cross-section is hypothesized to be an electric field effect related to the surface selection rule. C1 [Brooke, Heather; Myrick, Michael L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Perkins, David L.] Ometric Corp, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. [Setlow, Barbara; Setlow, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Mol Microbial & Struct Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Bronk, Burt V.] USAF, Res Lab RHPC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. [Bronk, Burt V.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM myrick@sc.edu OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 FU Army Research Office [DAAD 190010557] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Army Research Office under Grant # DAAD 190010557. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 62 IS 8 BP 881 EP 888 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 337EP UT WOS:000258418600008 PM 18702861 ER PT J AU Marleau, FR Noriega-Crespo, A Paladini, R Clancy, D Carey, S Shenoy, S Kraemer, KE Kuchar, T Mizuno, DR Price, S AF Marleau, F. R. Noriega-Crespo, A. Paladini, R. Clancy, D. Carey, S. Shenoy, S. Kraemer, K. E. Kuchar, T. Mizuno, D. R. Price, S. TI Discovery of highly obscured galaxies in the zone of avoidance SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; infrared : galaxies; large-scale structure of universe ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; MILKY-WAY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; UNIVERSE; REGION AB We report the discovery of 25 previously unknown galaxies in the zone of avoidance (ZoA). Our systematic search for extended extragalactic sources in the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) and MIPS Galactic Plane Survey (MIPSGAL) mid-infrared surveys of the Galactic plane has revealed two overdensities of these sources, located around l similar to 47 degrees and 55 degrees and vertical bar b vertical bar less than or similar to 1 degrees in the Sagitta-Aquila region. These overdensities are consistent with the local large-scale structure found at similar Galactic longitude and extending from vertical bar b vertical bar similar to 4 to 40 degrees. We show that the infrared spectral energy distribution of these sources is indeed consistent with those of normal galaxies. Photometric estimates of their redshift indicate that the majority of these galaxies are found in the redshift range z similar or equal to 0.01-0.05, with one source located at z similar or equal to 0.07. Comparison with known sources in the local universe reveals that these galaxies are located at similar overdensities in redshift space. These new galaxies are the first evidence of a bridge linking the large-scale structure between both sides of the Galactic plane at very low Galactic latitude and clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting galaxies in the ZoA using mid-to-far infrared surveys. C1 [Marleau, F. R.; Noriega-Crespo, A.; Paladini, R.; Clancy, D.; Carey, S.; Shenoy, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kraemer, K. E.; Price, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kuchar, T.; Mizuno, D. R.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02135 USA. RP Marleau, FR (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 662 EP 675 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/662 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326SU UT WOS:000257680000015 ER PT J AU Ragot, BR AF Ragot, B. R. TI Subexponential divergence and diffusive twist of turbulent magnetic field lines in the limit of the very short separations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; magnetic fields; plasmas; turbulence; waves ID AMPLITUDE ALFVEN WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; FORCE; DISPLACEMENT; SHOCKS AB Turbulent magnetic field lines have long been thought to be diverging from each other (or converging toward each other) at exponential rates known as Lyapunov exponents. It is argued here that in a turbulent magnetized plasma, sub-exponential divergence (convergence) and diffusive twist better characterize the dispersal of magnetic field lines (MFLs) in the limit of the very small separations rho than do the usual Lyapunov exponents or exponentiation rates. In that limit of the very small separations, the field-line equations give a variation rate for ln rho, not rho, and the implied log-normality of the rho distribution makes <((ln rho/rho(0))(2)> a much better probe of the exponential divergence of core MFLs. A fully nonlinear calculation shows that the separation logarithm, ln rho, and twist or rotation angle, Delta theta, between pairs of MFLs diffuse with the distance Delta z elapsed along the main field, as soon as Delta z exceeds min(k(II)(-1), zeta(II)), the minimum of the parallel correlation length k(II)(-1) L-parallel to del of the turbulent field gradients and of the associated nonlinear scale, zeta(II) = zeta(del), defined as the field-aligned length scale for which the mean cross-field displacement <(r(zeta) r(0))(2)>(1/2) reaches 2(1/2)xi k(II)(-1) 2(1/2)L(perpendicular to del), with k(II) the wavenumber where the turbulence spectrum becomes steeper than (k(parallel to)(2) + xi(2)k(perpendicular to)(2))(-1) and xi the anisotropy parameter of the turbulence. The average growth of the core field-line separation rho(0)e(<(ln rho/rho 0)2 > 1/2) = e(proportional to(Delta z)1/2) along the direction of fastest growth, being subexponential, is not compatible with the definition of Lyapunov exponents. The largest exponentiation rate of the core MFLs actually decreases with the distance Delta z. Application of the new nonlinear calculation to the solar wind shows a substantial MFL rotation in a plane transverse to the main field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ragot, BR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1416 EP 1435 DI 10.1086/589644 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100065 ER PT J AU Ramsey, CS Werchan, PM Isdahl, WM Fischer, J Gibbons, JA AF Ramsey, Carol S. Werchan, Paul M. Isdahl, Wayne M. Fischer, Joseph Gibbons, John A. TI Acceleration tolerance at night with acute fatigue and stimulants SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE "go pills"; AGSM; acute fatigue; medication use by aviators ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; MODAFINIL; RATS AB Introduction: The impact of pharmacological agents on aviators concerns all flight surgeons. This study tested the related hypotheses that acute fatigue reduces +G(z) tolerance and endurance, and that stimulants can partially reverse this impact. Additionally, the researchers attempted to develop a test battery sensitive enough to detect subtle differences in aviator cognition and performance among conditions. Methods: To determine the effect of fatigue on +G(z) tolerance and the impact of stimulant use, 10 male centrifuge subjects, mean age 32, from Brooks City-Base, TX, were tested in a repeated measures study under five nighttime conditions following an average of 22 h of sustained wakefulness during their circadian nadir. Using a within-subject design, subjects received placebo, dextroamphetamine 10 mg, modafinil 200 mg, methylphenidate 10 mg, and pemoline 37.5 mg at night, and were tested during a daytime control session. Cognitive/performance tests were administered before each centrifuge run. Results: No difference in +G(z) tolerance or endurance was detected among conditions. The cognitive/performance tests also did not detect any differences. Subject perception that anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM) difficulty was greater during the night placebo condition than during the daytime control, methylphenidate and modafinil night conditions reached statistical significance (P = 0.005, 0.012, 0.022, respectively). Discussion: Physiological changes during the circadian nadir following acute sleep deprivation do not appear to negatively impact +G(z) tolerance. A standardized protocol sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle behavioral and performance effects would be useful to test and compare the effect of other pharmacological agents on aviators. C1 [Ramsey, Carol S.; Werchan, Paul M.; Isdahl, Wayne M.; Fischer, Joseph; Gibbons, John A.] AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div, Aircrew Protect Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Ramsey, Carol S.; Werchan, Paul M.; Isdahl, Wayne M.; Fischer, Joseph; Gibbons, John A.] AF Res Lab, Fatigue Countermeasures Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Ramsey, CS (reprint author), 10868 Ouray St, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA. EM csramsey@juno.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 IS 8 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.3357/ASEM.1977.2008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 331ZA UT WOS:000258050000007 PM 18717116 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Laffey, PD AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Laffey, P. D. TI Creep behavior in interlaminar shear of Nextel (TM) 720/alumina ceramic composite at elevated temperature in air and in steam SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); oxides; creep; high-temperature properties; fractography ID OXIDE FIBER COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; STRENGTH; ALUMINA; ENVIRONMENT; EXPOSURE; INPLANE AB The creep behavior in interlaminar shear of an oxide-oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was evaluated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam using double-notch shear test specimens. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel(TM)720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The interlaminar shear properties were measured. The creep behavior was examined for interlaminar shear stresses in the 4-6.5 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests conducted in air. In steam, the composite exhibited primary, secondary and tertiary creep. In air, creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was achieved in all tests. In the presence of steam, creep performance deteriorated rapidly and run-out was achieved only at 4 MPa (similar to 50% of the interlaminar shear strength at 1200 degrees C). The retained properties of all specimens that achieved run-out were characterized. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Matrix degradation appears to be the cause of reduced creep lifetimes in steam. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Laffey, P. D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 68 IS 10-11 BP 2260 EP 2266 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.04.009 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 330ZC UT WOS:000257980400012 ER PT J AU Carin, L Cybenko, G Hughes, J AF Carin, Lawrence Cybenko, George Hughes, Jeff TI Cybersecurity strategies: The QuERIES methodology SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB The Quantitative Evaluation of Risk for Investment Efficient Strategies (QuERIES) methodology offers a novel computational approach to quantitative cybersecurity risk assessment. The authors based this approach on rigorous quantitative techniques drawn from computer science, game theory, control theory, and economics. Preliminary experiments have corroborated the QuERIES methodology, suggesting that it provides a broadly applicable alternative to red teaming (which involves attackers who have little or no knowledge of a systems' internal protection), black-hat analysis, and other decision-support methodologies previously tried in cybersecurity-related risk assessment. C1 [Carin, Lawrence] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Cybenko, George] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hughes, Jeff] USAF, Res Lab, ATSPI Technol Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM lcarin@ece.duke.edu; gvc@dartmouth.edu; jeff.hughes@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2008 VL 41 IS 8 BP 20 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2008.295 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 335MK UT WOS:000258294500008 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS Bultman, JE Sanders, JH Voevodin, AA AF Hu, J. J. Zabinski, Jeffrey S. Bultman, John E. Sanders, Jeffrey H. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Encapsulated nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation of MoS2-Te composite target SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID FULLERENE-LIKE STRUCTURES; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; WS2; NANOTUBES; WATER; MECHANISM; PHASE; ARC AB Encapsulated nanoparticles were produced by the pulsed laser ablation of MoS2-Te composite targets in a high vacuum chamber. Transmission electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer measurements showed that core-fike Mo-rich nanoparticles were encapsulated with shell-like Te-rich materials. Layer structures of the hexagonal MoTe2 phase were formed on the nanoparticle surface that was linked to the diffusion-controlled migration and crystallization. The mechanism of nanoparticle syntheses was discussed in relationship with the pulsed laser ablation of MoS2-Te target materials, the formation of Mo-rich cores, and the growth of layer-structured MoTe2 shells. C1 [Hu, J. J.; Zabinski, Jeffrey S.; Bultman, John E.; Sanders, Jeffrey H.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jianjun.hu@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2603 EP 2605 DI 10.1021/cg7008144 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 335DL UT WOS:000258270900004 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS AF Tankersley, Michael S. TI The stinging impact of the imported fire ant SO CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anaphylaxis; immunotherapy; imported fire ant ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE FACILITIES; WHOLE-BODY EXTRACT; RUSH IMMUNOTHERAPY; INSECT HYPERSENSITIVITY; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA VENOM; PERSONAL PROTECTION; CROSS-REACTIVITY; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Purpose of review Imported fire ants pose a real and present danger to allergic individuals living in endemic areas. This overview examines the impact of their presence, specifics of their venom and approach to the treatment of the hypersensitive individuals. Recent findings Imported fire ant sting attack rates are high in endemic areas with sensitization occurring early in life among those dwelling in these locations. Once considered an outdoor pest, sting attacks are now known to occur indoors with the very young and the very old being especially susceptible due to the decreased mobility of these age extremes. Immunotherapy with whole body extract appears efficacious with both traditional and rush schedules finding utility among allergists. Both the mobility of the populace and the portability of imported fire ants have broadened the presence of both allergic patients and the ant itself among allergists previously unfamiliar with hypersensitive patients or the imported fire ant. Summary Recent work has focused on achieving more rapid protection in hypersensitive patients given the high sting attack rates in endemic area with sensitization occurring early in life among those exposed to the imported fire ant. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tankersley, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.tankersley@lackland.af.mil NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1528-4050 J9 CURR OPIN ALLERGY CL JI Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 328DJ UT WOS:000257777500013 PM 18596594 ER PT J AU Eller, R Hawkshaw, M Sataloff, RT AF Eller, Robert Hawkshaw, Mary Sataloff, Robert T. TI Acute vocal fold hemorrhage after thyroplasty SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Eller, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Hawkshaw, Mary] Amer Inst Voice & Ear Res, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Sataloff, Robert T.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Eller, R (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 8 BP 425 EP 425 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA V10PC UT WOS:000207474900004 PM 18712688 ER PT J AU Gibb, R Schvaneveldt, R Gray, R AF Gibb, Randy Schvaneveldt, Roger Gray, Rob TI Visual misperception in aviation: Glide path performance in a black hole environment SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL DISORIENTATION; APPROACH ANGLE; AIR-FORCE; PERCEPTION; SLANT; PILOTS; MODEL; CUES AB Objective: We sought to improve understanding of visual perception in aviation to mitigate mishaps in approaches to landing. Background: Research has attempted to identify the most salient visual cues for glide path performance in impoverished visual conditions. Numerous aviation accidents caused by glide path overestimation (GPO) have occurred when a low glide path was induced by a black hole illusion (BHI) in featureless terrain during night approaches. Method: Twenty pilots flew simulated approaches under various visual cues of random terrain objects and approach lighting system (ALS) configurations. Performance was assessed relative to the desired 3 degrees glide path in terms of precision, bias, and stability. Results: With the high-ratio (long, narrow) runway, the overall performance between 8.3 and 0.9 km from the runway depicted a concave approach shape found in BHI mishaps. The addition of random terrain objects failed to improve glide path performance, and an ALS commonly used at airports induced GPO and the resulting low glide path. The worst performance, however, resulted from a combination ALS consisting of both side and approach lights. Surprisingly, novice pilots flew more stable approaches than did experienced pilots. Conclusions: Low, unsafe approaches occur frequently in conditions with limited global and local visual cues. Approach lights lateral of the runway may counter the bias of the BHI. The variability suggested a proactive, cue-seeking behavior among experienced pilots as compared with novice pilots. Application: Visual spatial disorientation training in flight simulators should be used to demonstrate visual misperceptions in black hole environments and reduce pilots' confidence in their limited visual capabilities. C1 [Gibb, Randy] USAF Acad, USAF, DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Schvaneveldt, Roger; Gray, Rob] Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Psychol, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Gibb, R (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF, DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Suite 6L166, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM randall.gibb@usafa.edu RI Gray, Rob/A-3951-2010; OI Schvaneveldt, Roger/0000-0003-3470-9141 FU National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program [0239657] FX This research is based upon the first author's doctoral dissertation at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. The first author would like to thank Rayka Mohebi for her work with data organization and computation as well as Drs. Bill Uttal, Bill Moor, and Rong Pan, all professors in the Industrial Engineering Department, Arizona State University, for their assistance in completing this research project. The first author would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful feedback. Present research was supported by the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program (Award #0239657 to author R. Gray).; The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed by the first author represent his work and his work only and do not represent those of the Department of Defense and/or the U.S. Air Force. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 699 EP 711 DI 10.1518/001872008X288619 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 341KL UT WOS:000258713300010 PM 18767527 ER PT J AU Bettencourt, MT Greenwood, AD AF Bettencourt, Matthew T. Greenwood, Andrew D. TI Performance improvements for efficient electromagnetic particle-in-cell computation on 1000s of CPUs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); particle-in-cell (PIC) ID CODE AB The finite-difference time-domain technique for simulation of electromagnetic and low-density plasma phenomena is computationally expensive and can require tens of thousands of computer hours to produce one solution. Substantial gains can be made through memory streamlining (factors of 2.3x faster), efficient cache usage (factors of 3x improvement), and through better parallel design (improving scalability to four times the number of CPUs). These improvements are documented and tested across five different supercomputing hardware platforms for idealized problems designed to highlight the effect of the changes. Then, the cumulative effect of these changes are tested across the five different systems for a typical problem of interest, a relativistic magnetron, on 48 CPUs which shows a factor of two to seven reduction in run-time, or best case, from 21 h to only 3 h. C1 [Bettencourt, Matthew T.; Greenwood, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bettencourt, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Andrew.Greenwood@kirtland.af.mil RI bettencourt, matthew/I-5924-2014 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2178 EP 2186 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.926764 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 336NX UT WOS:000258373000004 ER PT J AU MacGillivray, JT AF MacGillivray, Jeff T. TI Trillion cell CAD-based Cartesian mesh generator for the finite-difference time-domain method on a single-processor 4-GB workstation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods; finite-difference methods; mesh generation AB In this paper, a robust, computer-aided design (CAD)based, highly accurate and fast Cartesian mesh generation technique for a colossal number of cells capacity using a minimal single-processor computing resource is presented. The cells are generated in Yee format for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. There are three key techniques presented that achieve this capability: a highly efficient data storage ray tracing method, a highly accurate ray-facet intersection test, and a novel exact arithmetic tie-breaking algorithm for rays intersecting facet edges and vertices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP MacGillivray, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RDHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Jeff.MacGillivray@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2187 EP 2190 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.926790 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 336NX UT WOS:000258373000005 ER PT J AU Wisman, D Ganguly, B Marcum, SD AF Wisman, David Ganguly, Biswa Marcum, S. Douglas TI High-speed visualization of flame reaction zone using a positive point-to-plane corona discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE combustion; emission; high-speed flow visualization AB We have used a pulsed corona discharge to obtain time-resolved spectrally filtered 337.1-nm N-2(C -> B) emission images for the visualization of the reaction zone (flame front) of a premixed propane-air flame. The low-density region at the flame front allows one to guide the streamer along the reaction zone during the initial stages of the pulsed discharge, while the temperature-dependent electron-detachment/attachment rate allows for the increased conductivity of the plasma after the discharge has been fully established. Images with 500-shot accumulations are presented to clearly illustrate the concept, while the ability for greater time resolution is discussed as an attractive means for imaging small-scale turbulent instabilities in a flame reaction zone. C1 [Wisman, David] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Aerosp Power & Prop Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa] USAF, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marcum, S. Douglas] Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wisman, D (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Aerosp Power & Prop Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 928 EP 929 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.922430 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200034 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Ganguly, BN Tachibana, K AF Sands, Brian L. Ganguly, Biswa N. Tachibana, Kunihide TI Time-resolved imaging of "Plasma Bullets" in a dielectric capillary atmospheric pressure discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ); dielectric capillary; streamers; time-resolved optical imaging AB Temporally resolved images acquired using a 5-ns gated intensified charge-coupled device camera show the dynamical behavior of a plasma,jet emanating from the end of a dielectric capillary operating at atmospheric pressure. Broadband emission and filtered emission from excited Ar, He, N(2) and N(2)(+) species were acquired. The properties of the highly localized so-called "plasma bullets" that make up the plasma jet strongly resemble the properties of cathode-directed streamers in positive corona discharges. C1 [Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Tachibana, Kunihide] Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly@wpatb.af.mil NR 3 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 956 EP 957 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.917789 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200048 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Pedersen, T Mills, T AF Kuo, Spencer P. Pedersen, Todd Mills, Travis TI Lateral distribution of atomic oxygen flux produced by an array of three fan-shaped plasma torches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic oxygen generation; biological decontamination; emission spectroscopy; fan-shaped plasma torch; nonequilibrium plasma at atmospheric pressure ID PROTEINS AB An array of three fan-shaped plasma torches is designed to be a source of atomic oxygen flux for biological decontamination applications. A narrowband-filtered CCD camera is used to record the intensities of 777.4-nm emissions from the torches and reveal the lateral distribution of the atomic oxygen flux produced in the plasma effluent of the torches. C1 [Kuo, Spencer P.] Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Pedersen, Todd; Mills, Travis] USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM skuo@duke.poly.edu; Todd.Pedersen@hanscom.af.mil; Travis.Mills@hanscom.af-mil FU Adventix Technologies Inc FX Manuscript received November 22. 2007; revised February 17. 2008. The work of S. P. Kilo Was supported in part by the Adventix Technologies Inc. Measurements at AFRL were supported by AFOSR task 2311AS. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1056 EP 1057 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.924556 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200098 ER PT J AU Coates, GM Hopkinson, KM Graham, SR Kurkowski, SH AF Coates, Gregory M. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Graham, Scott R. Kurkowski, Stuart H. TI Collaborative, trust-based security mechanisms for a regional Utility Intranet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE computer network security; computer networks; power system security; supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems AB This paper investigates network policies and mechanisms to enhance security in SCADA networks using a mix of TCP and UDP transport protocols over IP. It recommends creating a trust system that can be added in strategic locations to protect existing legacy architectures and to accommodate a transition to IP through the introduction of equipment based on modern standards such as IEC 61850. The trust system is based on a best-of-breed application of standard information technology (IT) network security mechanisms and IP protocols. The trust system provides seamless, automated command and control for the suppression of network attacks and other suspicious events. It also supplies access control, format validation, event analysis, alerting, blocking, and event logging at any network-level and can do so on behalf of any system that does not have the resources to perform these functions itself. Latency calculations are used to estimate limits of applicability within a company and between geographically separated company and area control centers, scalable to hierarchical regional implementations. C1 [Coates, Gregory M.; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Graham, Scott R.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coates, GM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gregory.coates@afit.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; scott.graham@afit.edu; stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 831 EP 844 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2008.926456 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 331SF UT WOS:000258032200002 ER PT J AU Lee, J Havrilla, M Hyde, M Rothwell, EJ AF Lee, J. Havrilla, M. Hyde, M. Rothwell, E. J. TI Scattering from a cylindrical resistive sheet using a modified physical optics current SO IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; THIN STRIPS; PATTERNS AB Applicability of a modified resistive physical optics (PO) current expression to electrically large cylindrical structures is validated by analytical and numerical computations and measurement. It is shown that the radar cross-section (RCS) computed using an exact series representation and the modified PO current approximation matches well in the backscatter direction, and the forward scatter RCSs differ in magnitude by a couple of decibels for a closed resistive sheet. The PO current is compared with the series solution to explain the discrepancy of the forward scatter RCS. It is also shown that an open resistive sheet segment shows excellent agreement with the PO result in both the forward and backscatter directions. Lastly, a simple modified PO shadow-zone current is given for penetrable cylindrical sheets. C1 [Lee, J.; Rothwell, E. J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Havrilla, M.; Hyde, M.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 2120 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jeonglee@msu.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8725 J9 IET MICROW ANTENNA P JI IET Microw. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 482 EP 491 DI 10.1049/iet-map:20070166 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 340VZ UT WOS:000258674400011 ER PT J AU Chiaramonte, MV Chiaramonte, LM AF Chiaramonte, Michael V. Chiaramonte, Laurel M. TI An agent-based nurse rostering system under minimal staffing conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE nurse scheduling; staff scheduling; nurse rostering; agent programming ID SCHEDULING PROBLEMS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; PERSONNEL AB Nurse rostering is a complex problem. We propose a new heuristic using a competitive agent-based negotiation that focuses on nurse preferences called competitive nurse rostering (CNR). Unlike the existing literature, CNR models each nurse's preference functions separately and separates the cost minimization and preference maximization problems. CNR produces quality nurse rosters even though it cannot leverage extra staffing. As an agent system, CNR can distribute computational requirements over several computer systems, include other solution methods at various points in of the rostering problem, and act as a real-time scheduling system. These benefits are not naturally inherent in centralized heuristic solutions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chiaramonte, Michael V.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chiaramonte, Laurel M.] Mike Ocallaghan Fed Hosp, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. RP Chiaramonte, MV (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, 22391 N Dietz Dr Maricopa, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM michael.chiaramonte@asu.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5273 J9 INT J PROD ECON JI Int. J. Prod. Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 114 IS 2 BP 697 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.03.004 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 334VT UT WOS:000258250100019 ER PT J AU Shiels, MS Cole, SR Wegner, S Armenian, H Chmiel, JS Ganesan, A Marconi, VC Martinez-Maza, O Martinson, J Weintrob, A Jacobson, LP Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Shiels, Meredith S. Cole, Stephen R. Wegner, Scott Armenian, Haroutune Chmiel, Joan S. Ganesan, Anuradha Marconi, Vincent C. Martinez-Maza, Otoniel Martinson, Jeremy Weintrob, Amy Jacobson, Lisa P. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Effect of HAART on incident cancer and noncancer AIDS events among male HIV seroconverters SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Initative to Decrease Cardiovascular Risk and Increase Quality of Care for Patients Living with HIV/AIDS CY JUN 28-30, 2007 CL Chicago, IL DE highly active antiretroviral therapy; cancers; Kaposi sarcoma; AIDS-associated lymphoma; opportunistic infections; epidemiology ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; COMPETING RISKS; DEFINING ILLNESSES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DEATH; INFECTION; COHORT AB Objective: To explore the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the prevention of AIDS-defining cancers relative to other AIDS-defining events. Design: Prospective cohort study using 2121 HIV+ male seroconverters (median age: 28 years, 51% white/non-Hispanic) in the Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium (n = 1694) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n = 427). Methods: Poisson regression models, with calendar periods to represent antiretroviral therapy, were extended to analyze first incident AIDS-defining cancers and other first AIDS-defining events as competing risks. Results: Eighty-one AIDS-defining cancers (64 Kaposi sarcomas; 17 non-Hodgkin lymphomas) and 343 other AIDS events occurred during 14,483 person-years in 1990-2006. The rate ratio of AIDS-defining cancers during the HAART calendar period was 0.26 (95% confidence limits: 0.15, 0.46) and of other AIDS-defining events was 0.28 (95% confidence limits: 0.21, 0.36) compared with the monotherapy/combination therapy calendar period, adjusting for age, infection duration, race, and cohort. The association of HAART with decreased AIDS incidence seemed to be equal (interaction ratio = 0.95 (95% confidence limits: 0.51, 1.74) for AIDS-defining cancers and other AIDS-defining events. Conclusions: In human immunodeficiency virus-infected men, HAART seems equally protective against first AIDS-defining cancers and other first AIDS-defining events. C1 [Shiels, Meredith S.; Cole, Stephen R.; Armenian, Haroutune; Jacobson, Lisa P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Wegner, Scott; Ganesan, Anuradha; Marconi, Vincent C.; Weintrob, Amy; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Chmiel, Joan S.] NW Univ Feinberg, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Martinez-Maza, Otoniel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Martinez-Maza, Otoniel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Martinson, Jeremy] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shiels, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E7133, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mshiels@jhsph.edu RI Martinez-Maza, Otoniel/B-2667-2009; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014 OI Martinez-Maza, Otoniel/0000-0003-1364-0675; Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689 FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA009314-26S1, T32 CA009314, T32 CA009314-27S1, T32 CA009314-28S3]; NCRR NIH HHS [5-MO1-RR-00722, M01 RR000722, M01 RR000722-23]; NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011, U01 AI035039, U01 AI035039-16, U01 AI035039-17, U01 AI035040, U01 AI035040-16, U01 AI035041, U01 AI035041-10, U01 AI035041-17, U01 AI035042, U01 AI035042-11, U01 AI035042-17, U01 AI035043, U01 AI035043-10, U01 AI035043-11, U01 AI037613, U01 AI037613-08, U01 AI037984, U01 AI037984-08, UO1-AI-35039, UO1-AI-35040, UO1-AI-35041, UO1-AI-35042, UO1-AI-35043, UO1-AI-37613, UO1-AI-37984]; NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK066116]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 328OQ UT WOS:000257808100015 PM 18614916 ER PT J AU Shi, L McManamon, PF Bos, PJ AF Shi, Lei McManamon, Paul F. Bos, Philip J. TI Liquid crystal optical phase plate with a variable in-plane gradient SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We propose a nematic liquid crystal (LC) optical phase plate, with a large continuous in-plane gradient that is variable, and its application to a beam steering device with high efficiency. The device is a vertically aligned, continuous phase, optical phased array (V-COPA) that uses a negative dielectric anisotropy LC material. High steering efficiency of over 95% is demonstrated by modeling the LC director field and its effect on transmitted light. The period of the V-COPA grating can be varied by adjusting an applied voltage profile, which allows for continuous angular control of the diffraction angle. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Shi, Lei; Bos, Philip J.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [McManamon, Paul F.] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bos, PJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM pbos@lci.kent.edu NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033109 DI 10.1063/1.2966300 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900010 ER PT J AU Bowman, BR Tobiska, WK Kendra, MJ AF Bowman, Bruce R. Tobiska, W. Kent Kendra, Michael J. TI The thermospheric semiannual density response to solar EUV heating SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; solar EUV; neutral density; semiannual variation ID AIR DENSITY; HETEROSPHERE; SOLSTICE; HEIGHTS; ORBIT AB The goal of this study was to characterize the thermospheric semiannual density response to solar heating during the last 35 years. Historical radar observational data have been processed with special orbit perturbations on 28 satellites with perigee heights ranging from 200 to 1100 km. Approximately 225,000 very accurate average daily density values at perigee have been obtained for all satellites using orbit energy dissipation rates. The semiannual variation has been found to be extremely variable from year to year. The magnitude of the maximum yearly difference, from the July minimum to the October maximum, is used to characterize the yearly semiannual variability. It has been found that this maximum difference call vary by as much as 100% from one year to the next. A high correlation has been found between this maximum difference and solar EUV data. The semiannual variation for each year has been characterized based on analyses of annual and semiannual cycles, using Fourier analysis, and equations have been developed to characterize this yearly variability. The use of new solar indices in the EUV and FUV wavelengths is shown to very accurately describe the semiannual July minimum phase shifting and the variations in the observed yearly semiannual amplitude. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bowman, Bruce R.] USAF Space Command, AFSPC A9AC, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. [Tobiska, W. Kent] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Kendra, Michael J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBYB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bowman, BR (reprint author), USAF Space Command, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. EM bruce.bowman@peterson.af.mil; ktobiska@spacenvironment.net; michael.kendra@hanscom.af.mil NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 70 IS 11-12 BP 1482 EP 1496 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.04.020 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342PZ UT WOS:000258797300010 ER PT J AU Wu, JR Moser, DK Lennie, TA Chung, ML De Jong, MJ AF Wu, Jiu-Rong Moser, Debra K. Lennie, Terry A. Chung, Misook L. De Jong, Marla J. TI Medication adherence mediates the relationship between ethnicity and event-free survival in patients with heart failure SO JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Heart-Failure-Society-of-America CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Heart Failure Soc Amer C1 [Wu, Jiu-Rong; Moser, Debra K.; Lennie, Terry A.; Chung, Misook L.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, Lexington, KY USA. [De Jong, Marla J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1071-9164 J9 J CARD FAIL JI J. Card. Fail. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 SU 1 MA 311 BP S95 EP S96 DI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.06.267 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 339GC UT WOS:000258565100311 ER PT J AU Birman, V Chona, R Byrd, LW Haney, MA AF Birman, Victor Chona, Ravinder Byrd, Larry W. Haney, Mark A. TI Response of spatially tailored structures to thermal loading SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE composite plates; functionally graded materials; thermal buckling; thermal stresses ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATES; THERMOELASTIC DEFORMATIONS; BUCKLING ANALYSIS; STRESSES AB The paper presents the formulation and analysis of composite plates serving as STATs, i.e., spatially tailored advanced thermal structures where the distribution of the constituent phases varies throughout the surface as well as through the thickness. This is an extension of the well-known concept of functionally graded materials (FGM) and structures with the constituent phases varying only in the latter direction. As a result of two- or three-dimensional grading it is possible to optimize the response and properties of the structure providing multitask and multi-scale optimization. The response of plates with two- or three-dimensional grading to an arbitrary thermal loading is elucidated, including the conditions that result in thermal bending versus thermal instability. C1 [Birman, Victor] Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Chona, Ravinder; Byrd, Larry W.; Haney, Mark A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASM, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM vbirman@umr.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2-4 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10665-007-9151-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 322RI UT WOS:000257392600009 ER PT J AU Jha, RM Klimo, P Smith, ER AF Jha, Ruchira M. Klimo, Paul, Jr. Smith, Edward R. TI Foramen magnum stenosis from overgrowth of the opisthion in a child with achondroplasia SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE achondroplasia; cervicomedullary compression; foramen magnum stenosis; opisthion ID CERVICOMEDULLARY-JUNCTION COMPRESSION; DECOMPRESSION; INFANTS; MANAGEMENT AB Achondroplasia has a known association with foramen magnum stenosis that can result in cervicomedullary compression, which is most often due to a hypertrophied posterior occipital rim and an undersized transverse diameter. The authors present a unique case of a child with achondroplasia with symptomatic craniocervical compression from marked overgrowth of his opisthion anterior to the posterior arch of the atlas. This 22-month-old child with achondroplasia presented with severe respiratory and motor disabilities, including progressive quadriparesis and apneic episodes requiring continuous positive airway pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT scans revealed marked foramen magnum stenosis from overgrowth of the opisthion, a hypoplastic C-1 ring, and spinal cord edema at the cervicomedullary junction. Foramen magnum decompression and a C-1 laminectomy were performed. Postoperatively, steady motor improvement has been observed and the patient no longer requires ventilatory support. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this unusual anatomical entity. C1 [Klimo, Paul, Jr.] 88th Med Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, Ruchira M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Smith, Edward R.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Klimo, P (reprint author), 88th Med Grp, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.klimo@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1933-0707 J9 J NEUROSURG-PEDIATR JI J. Neurosurg.-Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.3171/PED/2008/2/8/136 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery GA 330QQ UT WOS:000257958300009 PM 18671620 ER PT J AU Mysliwiec, J Miniewicz, A Rau, I Krupka, O Sahraoui, B Kajzar, F Grote, J AF Mysliwiec, J. Miniewicz, A. Rau, I. Krupka, O. Sahraoui, B. Kajzar, F. Grote, J. TI Biopolymer-based material for optical phase conjugation SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE phase conjugation; holography; nonlinear optics ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; THIN-FILMS; DNA; DIFFRACTION; HOLOGRAPHY; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; POLYMERS; KINETICS AB We present results of optical phase conjugation experiments in modified DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - dye system. The system consisted of a biopolymeric matrix made of DNA blended with cationic surfactant molecule cetyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTMA) and doped with a photochromic dye Disperse Red 1. Results were obtained in a typical degenerate four wave mixing experiment. For sample excitation we used linearly polarized light at a wavelength 514.5 nm, delivered by an argon ion (Ar(+)) laser. The phase conjugated signal which emerged from the sample had rise and fall time constants of a few milliseconds with an excellent reversibility. C1 [Mysliwiec, J.; Miniewicz, A.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Rau, I.] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Fac Appl Chem & Mat Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Krupka, O.; Sahraoui, B.; Kajzar, F.] Univ Angers, Lab POMA CNRS UMR 6136, F-49045 Angers, France. [Grote, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mysliwiec, J (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Wyb Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM jaroslaw.mysliwiec@pwr.wroc.pi RI Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw/B-5198-2015; RAU, ILEANA/A-8981-2008; OI RAU, ILEANA/0000-0002-0780-9502; Miniewicz, Andrzej/0000-0003-2470-6246 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2146 EP 2150 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 330SG UT WOS:000257962500054 ER PT J AU Allibhai, TF Spinella, PC Meyer, MT Hall, BH Kofos, D DiGeronimo, RJ AF Allibhai, Taslim F. Spinella, Philip C. Meyer, Michael T. Hall, Brian H. Kofos, Daniel DiGeronimo, Robert J. TI Survival after prolonged pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for adenoviral pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE viral pneumonia; ECMO; adenovirus; ELSO; extracorporeal life support ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; INFECTION AB Adenoviral pneumonia can cause significant pulmonary morbidity leading to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) rescue. Reported survival of adenoviral pneumonia requiring ECMO has been poor, and prolonged time on ECMO is associated with increased mortality. We present 2 pediatric cases of adenoviral pneumonia in patients who survived after greater than 30 days on ECMO and review the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry to describe the collective experience of children with viral pneumonia requiring prolonged ECMO. Although survival has improved over the past decade for pediatric adenoviral pneumonia, the ELSO database previously has had no surviving children reported with a primary diagnosis of adenovirus after more than 4 weeks oil ECMO. Our experience suggests that there may be use for prolonged ECMO support in children despite severe adenoviral pneumonia, Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Allibhai, Taslim F.; Spinella, Philip C.; Meyer, Michael T.; Hall, Brian H.; DiGeronimo, Robert J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Kofos, Daniel] Methodist Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Allibhai, TF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM taslim.allibhai@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 8 AR E9 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.03.065 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 339QQ UT WOS:000258592500040 PM 18675627 ER PT J AU Garcia, RDM Siewert, CE Yacout, AM AF Garcia, R. D. M. Siewert, C. E. Yacout, A. M. TI Radiative transfer in a multi-layer medium subject to Fresnel boundary and interface conditions and uniform illumination by obliquely incident parallel rays SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM; ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; EQUATION; SLAB AB The ADO (analytical discrete ordinates) method, a pre-processing procedure, and the break-point analysis developed for azimuthally symmetric problems in a previous work are generalized and used to solve a radiative-transfer problem defined by a finite, plane-parallel, multi-layer medium subject to Fresnel boundary and interface conditions and uniform illumination in the form of obliquely incident parallel rays. Illumination is modeled by Dirac distributions in each of the two angles (polar and azimuthal) that define the direction of propagation of the incident rays. Accurate numerical results are tabulated for two sets of test problems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, R. D. M.] Inst Estudos Avancados, BR-12228001 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Siewert, C. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yacout, A. M.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Garcia, RDM (reprint author), Inst Estudos Avancados, Rodovia Tamoios Km 5-5, BR-12228001 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM rdmgarcia@uol.com.br RI Garcia, Roberto/D-3955-2014 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12-13 BP 2151 EP 2170 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.03.012 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 330TT UT WOS:000257966400002 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Mathger, LM Hanlon, RT Urbas, AM Stone, MO AF Sutherland, Richard L. Mathger, Lydia M. Hanlon, Roger T. Urbas, Augustine M. Stone, Morley O. TI Cephalopod coloration model. II. Multiple layer skin effects SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID CUTTLEFISH SEPIA-OFFICINALIS; SPECTRAL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SQUID; CHROMATOPHORES; IRIDOPHORES; SCATTERING; PIGMENTS; REFLECTANCE; VULGARIS; OCTOPUS AB A mathematical model of multiple layer skin coloration in cephalopods, a class of aquatic animals, is presented. The model incorporates diffuse and specular reflection from both pigment and structural photonic components found in the skin of these animals. Specific physical processes of this coloration are identified and modeled utilizing available biological materials data. Several examples of combination spectra are calculated to illustrate multiple layer and incident light effects as well as the potentially rich repertoire of color schemes available to these animals. A detailed understanding of the physical principles underlying cephalopod coloration is expected to yield insights into their possible functions. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Sutherland, Richard L.; Urbas, Augustine M.; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Mathger, Lydia M.; Hanlon, Roger T.] Marine Resources Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com RI Hanlon, Roger/Q-8687-2016 OI Hanlon, Roger/0000-0003-0004-5674 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Air Force Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory for their support of this work. We also thank Phil McFadden, Rajesh Naik, and Timothy Bunning for stimulating discussions of cephalopods as well as insights into the physical properties of cephalopod skin. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2044 EP 2054 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.002044 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 341ET UT WOS:000258697700023 PM 18677367 ER PT J AU Horvath, R Flowers, GT Fausz, J AF Horvath, Roland Flowers, George T. Fausz, Jerry TI Passive balancing of rotor systems using pendulum balancers SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE self-balancing; automatic balancer; pendulum balancer ID AUTOMATIC BALL BALANCER; FRICTION AB Passive balancing techniques have received a great deal of attention in recent literature, with much of this work focused on ball balancer systems. However, for certain applications, balancing systems that use pendulums rather than rolling balls may offer distinctly improved balancing precision. This investigation seeks to provide additional insight into the performance and expected behavior of such systems. A simulation model is developed for a pendulum balancer system with isotropic supports and analyzed in detail. The influence of shaft location and friction on balancing effectiveness is considered and evaluated. In this regard, the dynamic characteristics of a pendulum balancer system are analyzed and compared to a similar ball balancer system. The conclusions and observations from the analysis and simulation studies are demonstrated and tested in a series of experimental studies. C1 [Horvath, Roland; Flowers, George T.] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fausz, Jerry] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Horvath, R (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM horvaro@auburn.edu; gflowers@eng.auburn.edu; jerry.fausz@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041011 DI 10.1115/1.2731401 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 327YN UT WOS:000257764500011 ER PT J AU Kothera, CS Leo, DJ Lacy, SL AF Kothera, Curt S. Leo, Donald J. Lacy, Seth L. TI Characterization and modeling of the nonlinear response of ionic polymer actuators SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE ionic polymer; nonlinear; characterization; identification; modeling ID METAL COMPOSITES; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSDUCERS; MEMBRANE AB Ionic polymers are compliant, low density materials that operate under low voltage levels as transducers. They can be used as both sensors and actuators for various applications, primarily those involving flexible structures. While some debate continues over the dominant physical mechanisms of actuation, several model forms have been proposed. The majority of these existing models are linear relationships between the applied potential and the strain generated. However, nonlinear characteristics have been observed in both the electrical and mechanical response of cantilever actuators, including harmonic distortion in the sinusoidal time response and a shifting frequency response for increased input levels. Characterization results indicate that the nonlinear mechanisms are dynamic, since they have dominance at low frequencies, but are essentially negligible as the excitation frequency increases. This research uses knowledge gained from the characterization results to develop a dynamic model that can predict the observed nonlinear behavior. The empirical model is constructed from input-output data collected using a Gaussian input cur-rent signal and is validated against the measured frequency response function and single-frequency sinusoidal responses. The basic model form has a dynamic nonlinearity on the input to an underlying nonlinear system. C1 [Kothera, Curt S.; Leo, Donald J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lacy, Seth L.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kothera, CS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ckothera@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0093889]; Virginia Space Grant Consortium FX This work vi,as supported by the National Science Foundation, grant number CMS-0093889. Supplemental funding vas also provided by the Virginia Space Grant Consortium. The authors greatly appreciate this support. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1077-5463 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1173 DI 10.1177/1077546307080227 PG 23 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 338UV UT WOS:000258535800004 ER PT J AU Mullis, RT AF Mullis, Roy T. (Tommy) TI Air force nondestructive testing procedure qualification process SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Engn Directorate, Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Mullis, RT (reprint author), Engn Directorate, Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, 450 3rd St, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM tommy.mullis@robins.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 66 IS 8 BP 821 EP 824 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 339GA UT WOS:000258564900002 ER PT J AU Black, JT Smith, SW Leifer, J Bradford, LJ AF Black, Jonathan T. Smith, Suzanne Weaver Leifer, Jack Bradford, Larry J. TI Local testing and reduced model validation of thermal-formed thin-film polyimide panels SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics Systems and Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Network Excellence, European Structural Integr Soc, Opole Univ Technol, Dept Mech & Machine Design, Opole Branch Polish Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, Kaunas Univ Technol, AGH Univ Sci & Technol DE physics-based hybrid modeling; nonlinear static; lightweight panels; thermal formed; thin-film structures ID SPACE STRUCTURES; TORUS AB Stiff, ultra-lightweight thermal-formed polyimide panels considered here are examples of next-generation gossamer structures that resolve some of the technology barriers of previous, membrane-dominated gossamer designs while maintaining their low mass and low stowage volume characteristics. The research involved statically characterizing and modeling several of these panels to develop validated computer models which can be used to determine the effects of changing manufacturing parameters and scalability. Static characterization showed substantial local nonlinear behavior that was replicated by new physics-based finite element models in which the test data were used to define model parameters. These simple nonlinear spring models were significantly smaller than shell element models of the same structure and exhibited superior performance by closely matching the experimental data. Overall, the research contributes to the total knowledge base of gossamer technologies, advances stiff panel-based structures toward space qualification, and demonstrates their potential for use in apertures and other spacecraft. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Black, Jonathan T.] USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Black, Jonathan T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Leifer, Jack] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Black, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.black@afit.edu; ssmith@engr.uky.edu; jack.leifer@trinity.edu; bradford.cat@mindspring.com RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1412 EP 1426 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.11.010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 320MO UT WOS:000257239400015 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Keppens, V Liaw, PK AF Senkov, O. N. Miracle, D. B. Keppens, V. Liaw, P. K. TI Development and characterization of low-density Ca-based bulk metallic glasses: An overview SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID FORMING ABILITY; MG-ZN; THERMAL-STABILITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; STRUCTURAL MODEL; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CORROSION AB Ca-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have unique properties and represent a new seventh group of BMGs. Many of them have excellent GFA, which can be related to their efficient atomic packing, low onset driving force for crystallization, and high viscosity (high relaxation time) of the supercooled liquid. The Ca-based glasses have the lowest density and elastic moduli among all BMGs discovered to date. Unfortunately, as many other glasses, Ca-based BMGs are brittle below the glass transition temperature, and they also have marginal oxidation and corrosion resistance. The latter can be improved by proper selection of alloying elements. In this article, we review recent work on the development of low-density Ca-based BMGs and discuss the effect of alloy composition on the thermal, physical, and chemical properties of these glasses. C1 [Senkov, O. N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Keppens, V.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 67 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1888 EP 1900 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9334-z PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600019 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Scott, JM Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Scott, J. M. Miracle, D. B. TI Effect of al addition on glass forming ability and glass stability of Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu based bulk metallic glasses SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID THERMAL-STABILITY; STRUCTURAL MODEL; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of Al addition on glass forming ability (GFA) and stability of the glassy phase against crystallization was studied for Ca-Mg-Zn, Ca-Mg-Cu, and Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys. The glassy alloys were produced by copper mold casting as wedge-shaped samples with thicknesses varying from 0.5 to 10 mm. Thermal properties, such as glass transition, crystallization and melting temperatures, as well as heats of crystallization and melting, were determined for the produced glasses. Partial substitution of Zn or Cu with Al was found to improve the glass stability (GS) against the general tendency to reduce the GFA. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Scott, J. M.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1901 EP 1907 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9255-x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600020 ER PT J AU Kalinich, JF Vergara, VB Emond, CA AF Kalinich, John F. Vergara, Vemieda B. Emond, Christy A. TI Urinary and serum metal levels as indicators of embedded tungsten alloy fragments SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Toxic-Embedded-Fragment-Center-Expert-Panel CY JAN 09, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP Tox Embedded Fragment Ctr Expert Panel ID DEPLETED URANIUM; GULF-WAR; RATS; CREATININE; TOXICITY; VETERANS; SHRAPNEL AB Novel metal formulations are being used with increasing frequency on the modem battlefield. In many cases the health effects of these materials are not known, especially when they are embedded as fragments. Imaging techniques, although useful for determining location, provide no information regarding the composition of embedded fragments. In this report, we show that laboratory rats implanted with weapons-grade tungsten alloy (tungsten, nickel, and cobalt) pellets demonstrate significant increases in both urinary and serum levels of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt, which indicates that such measurements can provide information on the composition of embedded fragments. We also propose that, in addition to the requirements promulgated by the recent directive on analysis of metal fragments removed from Department of Defense personnel (Health Affairs policy 07-029), urine and blood/serum samples should be collected from personnel and analyzed for metal content. Such measurements could yield information on the composition of retained fragments and provide the basis for further treatment options. C1 [Kalinich, John F.; Vergara, Vemieda B.; Emond, Christy A.] Uniformed Services Univ, USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kalinich, JF (reprint author), Uniformed Services Univ, USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 754 EP 758 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300008 PM 18751592 ER PT J AU Rodriquez, D Branson, R Barnes, SA Johannigman, JA AF Rodriquez, Dario, Jr. Branson, Richard Barnes, Stephen A. Johannigman, Jay A. TI Battery life of the "Four-Hour" lithium ion battery of the LTV-1000 under varying workloads SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Respiratory Congress of the American-Association-for-Respiratory-Care CY DEC 01-04, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Respiratory Care ID PRESSURE CONTROL VENTILATION AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and breath type on the battery life of the LTV-1000 external lithium ion battery (LiB). Methods: An LTV-1000 ventilator and external LiB were tested in the laboratory. The ventilator was operated using pressure and volume breaths set to deliver a tidal volume of 750 mL. FIO2 was varied from room air (0.21) to 1.0. PEEP was set a 0, 10, and 20 cm of H2O. Duration of operation was determined from measurements of delivered tidal volume. Results: At a baseline of volume control at an FIO2 of 0.21 and a PEEP of 0 cm of H2O, the ventilator operated for 300 +/- 11.6 minutes. Increasing FIO2 to 1.0 reduced battery life to 247 +/- 2.1 minute (p < 0.001). The addition of PEEP to 20 cm of H2O reduced battery life to 211 +/- 3.5 minutes (p < 0.001). The combination of FIO2 of 1.0 and PEEP of 20 cm of H2O further reduced battery life to 188 +/- 6.3 minutes (p < 0.001). At the baseline FIO2 and PEEP (0.21 and 0 cm of H2O), the use of pressure control reduced battery life to 142 +/- 3.5 minutes. Conclusions: Battery life of the external LiB is significantly reduced by the use of pressure control, increasing PEEP, and increasing FIO2. This information is critical to resource planning for medical missions. C1 [Rodriquez, Dario, Jr.; Barnes, Stephen A.] USAF, CSTARS, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Branson, Richard; Johannigman, Jay A.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Rodriquez, D (reprint author), USAF, CSTARS, 234 Goodman St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 792 EP 795 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300015 PM 18751599 ER PT J AU Plurad, D Blaschke, G Jones, S Pfeiffer, J AF Plurad, David Blaschke, Gregoty Jones, Shari Pfeiffer, James TI A case of malignant hyperthermia in a child encountered during a humanitarian assistance mission to the Philippines SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Potentially fatal operating room events have become largely preventable with advances in anesthesia and surgical technique. Nonetheless, some lethal emergencies remain unpredictable and can occur whenever general anesthesia is given. We describe a case of malignant hyperthermia encountered and treated during surgical operations concurrent with an overseas humanitarian assistance mission. This case highlights the clinical diversity of malignant hyperthemia as well as the importance of preparation for any potential adverse event wherever trigger agents may be used from the mundane to exotic locales. C1 [Plurad, David] LAC, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Plurad, David] USC, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Blaschke, Gregoty] USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Jones, Shari] USN Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Pfeiffer, James] 3rd Med Grp, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Plurad, D (reprint author), LAC, Dept Surg, 1200 N State St,Room 6341, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 805 EP 808 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300018 PM 18751602 ER PT J AU Walker, DD Johnson, ML Craig-Gray, RW Loyd, F AF Walker, Dennis D. Johnson, Monica L. Craig-Gray, Robert W. Loyd, Frank TI Brugada syndrome in an active duty air force senior pilot SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION; BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; 2ND CONSENSUS CONFERENCE; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PATTERN; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; PATIENT; HEART AB Introduction: Brugada syndrome describes a subgroup of patients at risk for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death and is likely underdiagnosed among aviators. Case Report: A 40-year-old male pilot presented to the clinic for his physical. He denied any symptoms on initial questioning. Subsequent electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed premature ventricular couplets with ST-segment elevation in V, and V, of the precordial leads with T-wave abnormalities. Discussion: Special care must be taken if ECG demonstrates a Brugada pattern-especially in patients with a history of syncope or a family history of sudden death. Recent studies have confirmed a significant risk reduction in symptomatic patients with type I Brugada to as low as 0.8% to 3% with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Conclusion: Symptomatic patients displaying type 1 Brugada ECG (spontaneous or after sodium channel blockade) should receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and must be permanently disqualified. The Aeromedical Consultation Service should review all cases of Brugada syndrome and render a return to fly for asymptomatic nondiagnostic Brugada types. C1 [Walker, Dennis D.] FSO, Dyess AFB, TX 79607 USA. [Johnson, Monica L.] FS, Dyess AFB, TX 79607 USA. [Craig-Gray, Robert W.] FS, Andrews AFB, TX 79607 USA. [Loyd, Frank] NAS JRB, FS, Ft Worth, TX 79607 USA. RP Walker, DD (reprint author), FSO, 697 Louisiana Dr, Dyess AFB, TX 79607 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300019 PM 18751603 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. TI Efficient diode pumped cesium vapor amplifier SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alkali lasers; optically pumped lasers ID LASER AB An efficient diode laser pumped Cs vapor amplifier has been demonstrated. Using a 2 cm long Cs vapor cell pumped by an 18 W laser diode array, an amplification factor of 145 for low power Cs laser radiation was achieved. Such an amplifier or chain of amplifiers can significantly simplify the use of multiple pump sources for scaling the output power of alkali lasers. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 281 IS 15-16 BP 4068 EP 4070 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2008.04.018 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 322HD UT WOS:000257364900024 ER PT J AU Jones, MS Ganac, RD Hiser, G Hudson, NR Le, A Whipps, CM AF Jones, Morris Saffold, II Ganac, Robert D. Hiser, Greg Hudson, N. Ryan Le, Andy Whipps, Christopher M. TI Detection of Blastocystis from stool samples using real-time PCR SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOMINIS INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SPECIMENS; URTICARIA; ARTHRITIS AB We developed a real-time LC PCR assay to detect a 152 bp sequence in an uncharacterized region of the Blastocystis genome. The described assay detected 11 of 11 ATCC strains of Blastocystis from subtypes 1, 3, and 4. Three of three stool samples from Oregon and California military personnel that were negative for Blastocystis by an ova and parasite test as well as a conventional PCR assay were positive for Blastocystis using our real-time LC PCR assay. Diagnosis of Blastocystis infections using this sensitive method, including DNA extraction and real-time PCR, only requires 3 h. The lower limit of detection for Blastocystis in stool using the real-time LC PCR assay was calculated to be 760 cells of Blastocystis per 100 mg of stool, an estimated 760 parasites per reaction. The assay did not cross-react with Ruminococcus hansenii, Anarococcus hydrogenalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, or Lactobacillus acidophilus. Because of the ease of use, sensitivity, specificity, and increase in Blastocystis infections in the USA we believe this assay has the potential to be useful as a clinical diagnosis tool of Blastocystis infection. C1 [Jones, Morris Saffold, II; Ganac, Robert D.; Hiser, Greg; Hudson, N. Ryan; Le, Andy] David Grant USAF, Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Whipps, Christopher M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Jones, MS (reprint author), David Grant USAF, Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM drmorrisj@yahoo.com OI Whipps, Christopher/0000-0001-6139-0426 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 103 IS 3 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s00436-008-1006-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 323RJ UT WOS:000257465500011 PM 18488250 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JP Barnes, PN Varanasi, CV AF Rodriguez, J. P. Barnes, P. N. Varanasi, C. V. TI In-field critical current of type-II superconductors caused by strain from nanoscale columnar inclusions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The results of a linear elasticity analysis yields that nanorod inclusions aligned along the c axis of a thin film of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta), such as BaZrO(3) and BaSnO(3), squeeze that matrix by pure shear. The sensitivity of the superconducting critical temperature in that material to the latter implies that the phase boundary separating the nanorod inclusion from the superconductor acts as a collective pinning center for the vortex lattice that appears in external magnetic field. A dominant contribution to the in-field critical current can result. The elasticity analysis also yields that the growth of nanorod inclusions can be weakly metastable when the inclusion is softer than the matrix. C1 [Rodriguez, J. P.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Rodriguez, JP (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0479] FX The authors thank George Levin for the discussions. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0479. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 052505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.052505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 350QM UT WOS:000259368200022 ER PT J AU Hartschuh, RD Wargacki, SP Xiong, H Neiswinger, J Kisliuk, A Sihn, S Ward, V Vaia, RA Sokolov, AP AF Hartschuh, R. D. Wargacki, S. P. Xiong, H. Neiswinger, Ji. Kisliuk, A. Sihn, S. Ward, V. Vaia, R. A. Sokolov, A. P. TI How rigid are viruses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTALS; DNA; SCATTERING; CONSTANTS; CAPSIDS; FILMS AB Viruses have traditionally been studied as pathogens, but in recent years they have been adapted for applications ranging from drug delivery and gene therapy to nanotechnology, photonics, and electronics. Although the structures of many viruses are known, most of their biophysical properties remain largely unexplored. Using Brillouin light scattering, we analyzed the mechanical rigidity, intervirion coupling, and vibrational eigenmodes of Wiseana iridovirus (WIV). We identified phonon modes propagating through the viral assemblies as well as the localized vibrational eigenmode of individual viruses. The measurements indicate a Young's modulus of similar to 7 GPa for single virus particles and their assemblies, surprisingly high for "soft" materials. Mechanical modeling confirms that the DNA core dominates the WIV rigidity. The results also indicate a peculiar mechanical coupling during self-assembly of WIV particles. C1 [Hartschuh, R. D.; Xiong, H.; Neiswinger, Ji.; Kisliuk, A.; Sokolov, A. P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wargacki, S. P.; Vaia, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sihn, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multi Scale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ward, V.] Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol, Otago Sch Med Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Sokolov, AP (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alexei@uakron.edu FU AFRL; AFOSR; NSF FX The Akron team appreciates financial support from AFRL and AFOSR through the Cooperative Center in Polymer Photonics. R.D.H. thanks the NSF for support and J.N. thanks the NSF REU program for the financial support. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 021907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.021907 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 349EH UT WOS:000259263600095 PM 18850865 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR Morgan, PE AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. Morgan, Philip E. TI A high-order compact finite-difference scheme for large-eddy simulation of active flow control SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV ID LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; WALL-MOUNTED HUMP; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLUID-DYNAMICS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOWFIELDS; PLASMA; MESHES AB The purpose of this article is to summarize a computational approach, which developed and matured over an extended period of time, and has been shown to be useful for performing large-eddy Simulation (LES) of flows with active control. Because of the nature of active flow control, simulation of this class of problems typically cannot be carried out accurately by methods less sophisticated than LES. Active control flowfields are highly unsteady, and can be characterized by small-scale fluid structures which are produced by the control process, but may also be inherent in the original uncontrolled situation. The numerical scheme is predicated upon an implicit time-marching algorithm, and utilizes a high-order compact finite-difference approximation to represent spatial derivatives. Robustness of the scheme is maintained by employing a low-pass Pade-type nondispersive spatial filter, which also accounts for the fine-scale turbulent dissipation that otherwise is traditionally provided by an explicitly added subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model. Geometrically complex applications are accommodated by an overset grid technique, where spatial accuracy is preserved through use of high-order interpolation. Utility of the method is illustrated by specific computational examples, including suppression of acoustic resonance in supersonic cavity flow, leading-edge vortex control of a delta wing, efficiency enhancement of a transitional highly loaded low-pressure turbine blade, and separation control of a wall-mounted hump model. Control techniques represented in these examples are comprised of both steady and pulsed mass injection or removal, as well as plasma-based actuation. For each case, features of the flowfield are elucidated and the solutions are compared to the baseline situation where no control was enforced. Where available, comparisons are also made with experimental data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Donald.Rizzetta@wpafb.af.mil NR 84 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 397 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2008.06.003 PG 30 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 358CJ UT WOS:000259893900003 ER PT J AU Buchanan, DJ John, R AF Buchanan, Dennis J. John, Reji TI Relaxation of shot-peened residual stresses under creep loading SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE creep; X-ray diffraction; nickel alloy; residual stresses; relaxation AB Creep tests on shot-peened nickel-base superalloy specimens, subject to applied stresses near and above monotonic yield, have been performed to characterize residual stress relaxation under sustained loading at 650 degrees C in IN100. Retained residual stress-depth profiles, measured on crept samples, show that yielding during initial loading produces the largest change in the residual stress profile. Furthermore, it is shown that applied stresses below yield exhibit similar retained residual stress profiles in the axial and transverse orientations. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buchanan, Dennis J.; John, Reji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchanan, Dennis J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.buchanan@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.03.021 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 326IM UT WOS:000257651800007 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Schmidt, RM AF Caldwell, John A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Schmidt, Regina M. TI Alertness management strategies for operational contexts SO SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE fatigue management; occupational health and safety; alertness; steep deprivation; fatigue detection ID DISORDERS CONSENSUS REPORT; HUMAN CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SLEEP RESTRICTION; JET-LAG; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SHIFT WORK; DRIVER FATIGUE; PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION; PROLONGED WAKEFULNESS; DAYTIME SLEEPINESS AB This review addresses the problem of fatigue (on-the-job-sleepiness) attributable to steep toss in modern society and the scientifically proven strategies useful for reducing fatigue-related risks. Fatigue has become pervasive because many people work non-standard schedules, and/or they consistently fait to obtain sufficient steep. Steep restriction, steep deprivation, and circadian desynchronization produce a variety of decrements in cognitive performance as well as an array of occupational and health risks. A number of real-world mishaps have resulted from performance failures associated with operator sleepiness. In some cases, fatigue/sleepiness is unavoidable, at least temporarily, due to job-related or other factors, but in other cases, fatigue/sleepiness results from poor personal choices. Furthermore, some individuals are more vulnerable to the effects of steep loss than others. Fortunately, fatigue-related risks can be mitigated with scientifically valid alertness-management strategies. Proper work/rest scheduling and good steep hygiene are of primary importance. If steep time is available but steep is difficult to obtain, steep-inducing medications and behavioral circadian-adjustment strategies are key. In fatiguing situations such as when steep opportunities are temporarily inadequate, limiting time on tasks, strategic napping, and the potential use of alertness-enhancing compounds must be considered. To optimize any alertness-management program, everyone must first be educated about the nature of the problem and the manner in which accepted remedies should be implemented. In the near future, objective fatigue-detection technologies may contribute substantially to the alleviation of fatigue-related risks in real-world operations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caldwell, John A.] Archinoetics LLC, Topa Financial Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Caldwell, J. Lynn; Schmidt, Regina M.] USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), Archinoetics LLC, Topa Financial Ctr, 700 Bishop St,Suite 2000, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM john@archinoetics.com; Lynn.Caldwell@wpafb.af.mil; Regina.Schmidt.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 153 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1087-0792 EI 1532-2955 J9 SLEEP MED REV JI Sleep Med. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 257 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.smrv.2008.01.002 PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 338IP UT WOS:000258501100003 PM 18359253 ER PT J AU Buse, GJ Santana, JC AF Buse, George J. Santana, Juan Carlos TI Conditioning Strategies for Competitive Kickboxing SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE kickboxing; conditioning; power; strength; endurance; injury prevention AB In conjunction with sport-specific skills development, sufficient nutrition, rest, and psychological readiness, a kickboxer's success is contingent upon his or her level of conditioning. on the basis of the metabolic demands of competitive kickboxing, training should tax both the anaerobic and aerobic systems extensively. In tandem with proper conditioning, injury may be prevented through prehabilitative exercises and adherence to safety measures. C1 [Buse, George J.] USAF, Special Operat Command, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. [Santana, Juan Carlos] Inst Human Performance, Boca Raton, FL USA. RP Buse, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Special Operat Command, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1519/SSC.0b013e31817f19cd PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V12IA UT WOS:000207591700007 ER PT J AU Emergo, RLS Wu, JZ Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Emergo, R. L. S. Wu, J. Z. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. TI Anisotropy of the resistivity and critical current density of porous vicinal YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ANTIPHASE BOUNDARIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GROWTH-MECHANISM; PLANE; SRTIO3(001); INPLANE AB The anisotropy of electrical transport properties of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) films containing high density nanopores grown on 5 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees vicinal substrates was investigated. For porous films in the normal state, the resistivity in the longitudinal direction is comparable to that of reference YBCO films without nanopores. In addition, the rho(c)/rho(ab) ratios derived from the resistivities in longitudinal and transverse directions of the porous samples fall in the same range as that of twinned single crystal YBCO. For the superconducting state, the pore surfaces provide strong magnetic pins to magnetic vortices, which leads to significantly increased critical current density J(c) along the longitudinal direction as compared to that of the reference YBCO films. This strong isotropic pore surface pinning also increased the J(c) along the transverse direction as compared to that of nonporous vicinal YBCO films. This result suggests that the effect of nanopores on the electronic structure of YBCO is minimal and the strong pore surface pinning may provide an effective way to enhance J(c) after optimization. C1 [Emergo, R. L. S.; Wu, J. Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Emergo, RLS (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 21 IS 8 AR 085008 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/8/085008 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 314XC UT WOS:000256841500012 ER PT J AU Zabinski, JS Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Pierce, NA Voevodin, AA AF Zabinski, J. S. Hu, J. J. Bultman, J. E. Pierce, N. A. Voevodin, A. A. TI Stoichiometry and characterization of aluminum oxynitride thin films grown by ion-beam-assisted pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE ion-beam-assisted pulsed laser deposition; alumina; aluminum oxynitride; crystallization; hardness; thin film ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; LOW-FRICTION; COMPOSITE COATINGS; DEGREES-C; MOS2; LUBRICANT AB Oxides are inherently stable in air at elevated temperatures and may serve as wear resistant matrices for solid lubricants. Aluminum oxide is a particularly good candidate for a matrix because it has good diffusion barrier properties and modest hardness. Most thin film deposition techniques that are used to grow alumina require high temperatures to impart crystallinity. Crystalline films are about twice as hard as amorphous ones. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties of most engineering steels are degraded at temperatures above 250-350 degrees C. This work is focused on using energetic reactive ion bombardment during simultaneous pulsed laser deposition to enhance film crystallization at low temperatures. Alumina films were grown at several background gas pressures and temperatures, with and without Ar ion bombardment. The films were nearly stoichiometric except for depositions in vacuum. Using nitrogen ion bombardment, nitrogen was incorporated into the films and formed the Al-O-N matrix. Nitrogen concentration could be controlled through selection of gas pressure and ion energy. Crystalline Al-O-N films were grown at 330 degrees C with a negative bias voltage to the substrate, and showed improved hardness in comparison to amorphous films. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zabinski, J. S.; Hu, J. J.; Bultman, J. E.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pierce, N. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBT, Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 18 BP 6215 EP 6219 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.120 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 331UE UT WOS:000258037300046 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Smith, B Wells, TS Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI US military service members vaccinated against smallpox in 2003 and 2004 experience a slightly higher risk of hospitalization postvaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; military medicine; hospitalization; myocarditis ID JANUARY-OCTOBER 2003; UNITED-STATES; ADVERSE EVENTS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; MILLENNIUM COHORT; ARMED-FORCES; FOLLOW-UP; PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH AB This study explores adverse events severe enough to warrant hospitalization that may have been associated with receiving the smallpox vaccine in conjunction with military service. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the risk of hospitalization among US active-duty military personnel during a 1-year period following receipt of the smallpox vaccine. The reference group consisted of active-duty military personnel who also received the smallpox vaccine after the conclusion of their health care observation period, allowing for comparison to a temporally and demographically similar population. The risk of hospitalization was slightly elevated among the postvaccine group for any-cause hospitalization and for hospitalization in several broad diagnostic categories. Hospitalizations for asthma, autoimmune diseases, and myopericarditis, were more likely in the postvaccine group. The increased risk of hospitalization for varied outcomes does not necessarily imply a cause-effect relationship, but it does offer areas for more focused study, using longitudinal data to explore the long-term impact of smallpox vaccination on the health of young adults. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Isabel.Jacobson@med.navy.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Defense [60002] FX We thank Scott L. Seggerman and Greg D. Boyd from the Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey Bay, California. We also thank Dr. Ava Conlin and Michelle Stoia from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland.; This represents report 07-40 supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Government. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC. 2004.0010). NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 32 BP 4048 EP 4056 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.044 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 339XP UT WOS:000258610900013 PM 18586364 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Miracle, D Tamirisakandala, S AF Srinivasan, Raghavan Miracle, Daniel Tamirisakandala, Sesh TI Direct rolling of as-cast Ti-6Al-4V modified with trace additions of boron SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; boron addition; grain refinement; hot rolling; thermomechanical processing; ingot breakdown ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; MMCS AB Trace boron additions to titanium alloys produce an order of magnitude reduction in as-cast grain size, leading to the possibility of significant simplification of ingot breakdown and thermomechanical processing procedures. In this study, the boron modified titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V + 0.1B (wt.%) was hot rolled from the cast + HIP condition to thickness reductions of 50% and 75% in multi-step rolling sequences. Baseline alloys (without boron) in the cast and wrought (mill product) states were also processed under identical conditions for comparison. After 50% reduction in thickness at 750-950 degrees C (1382-1742 degrees F), the deformation behavior of cast Ti-6Al-4V + 0.1B is not noticeably different from that of standard Ti-6Al-4V mill product, whereas cast Ti-6Al-4V without boron exhibited extensive cracking. The boron-containing alloy could be deformed further to 75% reduction in thickness at 950 degrees C (1742 degrees F) without producing any macroscopic defects. The alpha phase shows a tendency to globularize during heat treatment after a 50% reduction in thickness to produce an equiaxed microstructure. The potential, therefore, exists for the production of slab and sheet stock with an equiaxed microstructure by directly rolling the as-cast titanium alloys modified with trace boron additions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Miracle, Daniel] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tamirisakandala, Sesh] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Col Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM raghavan.srinivasan@wright.edu NR 21 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 487 IS 1-2 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.053 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 323MU UT WOS:000257451000071 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, Barry L. TI Effect of temperature and solvent on dispersion of layered platelets studied by Monte Carlo simulation SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article DE bond-fluctuating sheet; clay platelet; coarse-grained model; exfoliation; Monte Carlo simulation ID POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; DYNAMICS; EXFOLIATION; MODEL; COMPOSITES; SILICATES; SHEET AB The effects of solvent and temperature on the exfoliation of layered platelets are studied by a Monte Carlo simulation on a cubic lattice. A platelet is modeled by a square sheet consisting of nodes tethered together by fluctuating bonds and the solvent by a set of particles. The interaction strength between sheets and the solvent describes the solvent quality. Density profiles of the sheet and solvent particles and their dynamics are studied. We find that the platelets are held together by attractive interactions between sheets and particles via their interstitial intercalation and disperse (exfoliate) easily with weakly attractive to repulsive interactions. The dispersion is enhanced on increasing the temperature. C1 [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4-5 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1002/mats.200700076 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 332NP UT WOS:000258090000006 ER PT J AU Stone, RS Anderson, GP Shettle, EP Andrews, E Loukachine, K Dutton, EG Schaaf, C Roman, MO AF Stone, R. S. Anderson, G. P. Shettle, E. P. Andrews, E. Loukachine, K. Dutton, E. G. Schaaf, C. Roman, M. O., III TI Radiative impact of boreal smoke in the Arctic: Observed and modeled SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALBEDO RETRIEVALS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE; MODIS; CLOUDS; VALIDATION; PARTICLES AB The Arctic climate is modulated, in part, by the presence of aerosols that affect the horizontal and vertical distribution of radiant energy passing through the atmosphere. Aerosols affect the surface-atmosphere radiation balance directly through interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly through interactions with cloud particles. During summer 2004 forest fires destroyed vast areas of boreal forest in Alaska and western Canada, releasing smoke into the atmosphere. Smoke aerosol passing over instrumented field sites near Barrow, Alaska, was monitored to determine its physical and optical properties and its impact on the surface radiation budget. Empirical determinations of the direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) by the smoke were used to corroborate simulations made using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance radiative transfer model, MODTRAN (TM) 5. DARF is defined as the change in net shortwave irradiance per unit of aerosol optical depth (AOD). DARF, varying with solar angle and surface type, was evaluated at the surface, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), and within the intervening layers of the atmosphere. The TOA results are compared with fluxes derived from coincident satellite retrievals made using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiance data. Smoke tends to reduce the net shortwave irradiance at the surface while increasing it within layers in which it resides. Over the Arctic tundra during summer, a layer of smoke having AOD = 0.5 at 500 nm produces a diurnally averaged DARF of about -40 W m(-2) at the surface and -20 W m (-2) at TOA, while the layer itself tends to warm at a rate of approximate to 1 K d(-1). The tendency of smoke to cool the surface while heating the layer above may lead to increased atmospheric stability and suppress cloud formation. Radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is especially sensitive to small changes in surface albedo, evidenced in both the model results and satellite retrievals. TOA net shortwave flux decreases when smoke is present over dark surfaces and tends to increase if the underlying surface is bright. For example, at solar noon during midsummer at Barrow, a layer of smoke having AOD(500) = 0.5 will reduce the net shortwave flux at TOA by approximate to 30 W m(-2) over the ocean while at the same time increasing it by 20 W m(-2) over an adjacent area of melting sea ice. For smoke aerosol, the sensitivity of DARF to changing surface albedo (assuming a solar zenith angle of 50 degrees) is about +15 W m(-2) AOD(-1) for every increase in surface albedo of 0.10. Throughout the Arctic summer, surface and TOA cooling and a tendency toward warming in the intervening atmospheric layers are the dominant radiative impacts of boreal smoke over the ocean and tundra areas, but the radiative forcing at TOA is positive over regions covered by ice or snow. Enhanced differential cooling/heating of ocean, ice, and snow due to the presence of smoke in the atmosphere may affect regional circulation patterns by perturbing diabatic processes. Should the frequency and intensity of boreal fires increase in the future because of global warming, the more persistent presence of smoke in the atmosphere may be manifest as a negative feedback at the surface. In addition, there will likely be indirect radiative impacts of the smoke as it influences cloudiness, which in turn further modulates the Arctic radiation budget. C1 [Stone, R. S.; Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, G. P.; Dutton, E. G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth System Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Loukachine, K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Schaaf, C.; Roman, M. O., III] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shettle, E. P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, G. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.stone@noaa.gov RI Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012 OI Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X NR 75 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14S16 DI 10.1029/2007JD009657 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331FA UT WOS:000257996900008 ER PT J AU Tao, X Chan, AA Albert, JM Miller, JA AF Tao, Xin Chan, Anthony A. Albert, Jay M. Miller, James A. TI Stochastic modeling of multidimensional diffusion in the radiation belts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANT INTERACTIONS; PITCH ANGLE; APPROXIMATION; MODULATION; ENERGY; CHORUS AB A new code for solving radiation belt diffusion equations has been developed and applied to the 2-D bounce-averaged energy pitch angle quasi-linear diffusion equation. The code uses Monte Carlo methods to solve It (o) over cap stochastic differential equations (SDEs) which are mathematically equivalent to radiation belt diffusion equations. We show that our SDE code solves the diffusion equation with off-diagonal diffusion coefficients in contrast to standard finite difference codes which are generally unstable when off-diagonal diffusion coefficients are included. Our results are in excellent agreement with previous results. We have also investigated effects of assuming purely parallel propagating electromagnetic waves when calculating the diffusion coefficients and find that this assumption leads to errors of more than an order of magnitude in flux at some equatorial pitch angles for the specific chorus wave model we use. Further work is needed to investigate the sensitivity of our results to the wave model parameters. Generalization of the method to 3-D is straightforward, thus making this method a very promising new way to investigate the relative roles of pitch angle, energy, and radial diffusion in radiation belt dynamics. C1 [Tao, Xin; Chan, Anthony A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Albert, Jay M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Miller, James A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 108,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM xtao@rice.edu; aac@rice.edu; millerja@uah.edu OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 28 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A7 AR A07212 DI 10.1029/2007JA012985 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331GS UT WOS:000258001300003 ER PT J AU Georgarakis, K Aljerf, M Li, Y LeMoulec, A Charlot, F Yavari, AR Chornokhvostenko, K Tabachnikova, E Evangelakis, GA Miracle, DB Greer, AL Zhang, T AF Georgarakis, K. Aljerf, M. Li, Y. LeMoulec, A. Charlot, F. Yavari, A. R. Chornokhvostenko, K. Tabachnikova, E. Evangelakis, G. A. Miracle, D. B. Greer, A. L. Zhang, T. TI Shear band melting and serrated flow in metallic glasses SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FRACTURE AB Scanning electron microscopy observations of shear steps on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses show direct evidence of shear band melting due to heat generated by elastic energy release. The estimated range of attained temperatures and the observed morphologies are consistent with shear steps forming at a subsonic speed limited by a required redistribution of local microscopic stresses. The calculations indicate that a 0.2 mu m layer melts in the vicinity of a shear band forming a 1 mu m shear step. The plastic part of the stress strain curve is serrated but a majority of shear events are not associated to serrations. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Georgarakis, K.; Aljerf, M.; Li, Y.; LeMoulec, A.; Charlot, F.; Yavari, A. R.] Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS, SIMaP, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Chornokhvostenko, K.; Tabachnikova, E.] Kharkiv Polytech Inst, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Evangelakis, G. A.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Greer, A. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Zhang, T.] Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Yavari, AR (reprint author), Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS, SIMaP, BP 75, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM yavari@minatec.inpg.fr RI Georgarakis, Konstantinos/E-6390-2010; Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; yavari, alain/E-8192-2010; Georgarakis, Konstantinos/K-1939-2015; Greer, Lindsay/E-9433-2017; OI Georgarakis, Konstantinos/0000-0003-0918-7310 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 AR 031907 DI 10.1063/1.2956666 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 330UQ UT WOS:000257968700024 ER PT J AU Reagan, MA Kashyn, D Juhl, S Vaia, RA Lyuksyutov, SF AF Reagan, Michael A. Kashyn, Dmytro Juhl, Shane Vaia, Richard A. Lyuksyutov, Sergei F. TI Electric charging and nanostructure formation in polymeric films using combined amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy-assisted electrostatic nanolithography and electric force microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A hybrid technique, combining lithography which exploits atomic force microscope tip manipulation with modified electric force microscopy was used to study surface electric charging (deposition and evolution) of polymethyl methacryalate and polystyrene films. Upon charging the films past a threshold voltage, two distinct regimes were observed: (1) stable feature formation related to electric breakdown and mass transport resulting in stable film deformation due to the negative surface charging (negative tip bias) and (2) no stable feature formation regime attributed to viscoelastic deformation of polymer surface followed by the surface relaxation in the case of positive surface charging (positive tip bias). (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Reagan, Michael A.; Kashyn, Dmytro; Lyuksyutov, Sergei F.] Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Juhl, Shane; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyuksyutov, SF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM sfl@uakron.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 AR 033109 DI 10.1063/1.2957985 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 330UQ UT WOS:000257968700070 ER PT J AU Massey, SM Spring, JB Russell, TH AF Massey, Steven M. Spring, Justin B. Russell, Timothy H. TI Stimulated Brillouin scattering continuous wave phase conjugation in step-index fiber optics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIERS; CLEANUP AB Continuous wave (CW) stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phase conjugation in step-index optical fibers was studied experimentally and modeled as a function of fiber length. A phase conjugate fidelity over 80% was measured from SBS in a 40 m fiber using a pinhole technique. Fidelity decreases with fiber length, and a fiber with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.06 was found to generate good phase conjugation fidelity over longer lengths than a fiber with 0.13 NA. Modeling and experiment support previous work showing the maximum interaction length which yields a high fidelity phase conjugate beam is inversely proportional to the fiber NA(2), but find that fidelity remains high over much longer fiber lengths than previous models calculated. Conditions for SBS beam cleanup in step-index fibers are discussed. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Massey, Steven M.; Spring, Justin B.; Russell, Timothy H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Massey, SM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM smassey@afit.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 15 BP 10873 EP 10885 DI 10.1364/OE.16.010873 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 332FX UT WOS:000258069100002 PM 18648400 ER PT J AU Massey, SM Russell, TH AF Massey, Steven M. Russell, Timothy H. TI Phase analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering in long, graded-index optical fiber SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATION; AMPLIFIERS; CLEANUP; CAVITY AB A continuous-wave beam was wavefront-split by a prism and propagated through separate paths before being coupled into a long, graded-index fiber. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) was generated in the fiber and the phase of the reflection was compared to that of the pump using lateral shearing interferometers immediately after reflection and also after propagating back through the separate paths. To analyze the phase conjugating properties of SBS in the fiber, one of the paths included a path-length oscillation. It was found that SBS from the long, graded-index fiber did not conjugate the phase of the pump. SBS formed a phase-locked beam immediately after reflection from the fiber, but did not lock the phases of the two beams after recombination as would be expected from a phase conjugate reflection. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Massey, Steven M.; Russell, Timothy H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Massey, SM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.massey@afit.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 15 BP 11496 EP 11505 DI 10.1364/OE.16.011496 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 332FX UT WOS:000258069100072 PM 18648470 ER PT J AU DesAutels, GL Powers, P Brewer, C Walker, M Burky, M Anderson, G AF DesAutels, G. Logan Powers, Peter Brewer, Chris Walker, Mark Burky, Mark Anderson, Gregg TI Optical temperature sensor and thermal expansion measurement using a femtosecond micromachined grating in 6H-SiC SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB An optical temperature sensor was created using a femtosecond micromachined diffraction grating inside transparent bulk 6H-SiC, and to the best of our knowledge, this is a novel technique of measuring temperature. Other methods of measuring temperature using fiber Bragg gratings have been devised by other groups such as Zhang and Kahrizi [in MEMS, NANO, and Smart Systems (IEEE, 2005)]. This temperature sensor was, to the best of our knowledge, also used for a novel method of measuring the linear and nonlinear coefficients of the thermal expansion of transparent and nontransparent materials by means of the grating first-order diffracted beam. Furthermore the coefficient of thermal expansion of 6H-SiC was measured using this new technique. A He-Ne laser beam was used with the SiC grating to produce a first-order diffracted beam where the change in deflection height was measured as a function of temperature. The grating was micromachined with a 20 mu m spacing and has dimensions of approximately 500 mu m x 500 mu m (l x w) and is roughly 0.5 mu m deep into the 6H-SiC bulk. A minimum temperature of 26.7 degrees C and a maximum temperature of 399 degrees C were measured, which gives a AT of 372.3 degrees C. The sensitivity of the technique is Delta T = 5 degrees C. A maximum deflection angle of 1.81 degrees was measured in the first-order diffracted beam. The trend of the deflection with increasing temperature is a nonlinear polynomial of the second-order. This optical SiC thermal sensor has many high-temperature electronic applications such as aircraft turbine and gas tank monitoring for commercial and military applications. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [DesAutels, G. Logan; Burky, Mark] AT&T Govt Solut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brewer, Chris; Anderson, Gregg] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Powers, Peter] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Walker, Mark] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP DesAutels, GL (reprint author), AT&T Govt Solut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.desautels@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 21 BP 3773 EP 3777 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003773 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337EW UT WOS:000258419300012 PM 18641744 ER PT J AU Kar, T Scheiner, S Roy, AK AF Kar, Tapas Scheiner, Steve Roy, Ajit K. TI The effect on acidity of size and shape of carboxylated single-wall carbon nanotubes. A DFT-SLDB study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; ENERGIES; ONIOM AB Density functional theory (DFT) is applied to estimate the gas-phase acidity of several carboxylated SWCNTs, with varying lengths and diameters of the zigzag and armchair tubes. The efficient same level different basis set (SLDB) protocol is used. Deprotonation energy of the open-ended molecular model of NT-COOHs indicates more acidic nature of zigzag-COOH than armchair-COOH. Effect of lengths and diameters on the acidity and stability of acids are discussed. Vibrational analyses reveal differences in carboxylic band (nu(C=O)) in the two forms of acid. The effects of solvents on the acidity and stability are evaluated and discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kar, Tapas; Scheiner, Steve] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, MLBCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapas.kar@usu.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 460 IS 1-3 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 325NT UT WOS:000257596300047 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, L Guha, S Rogers, JW Sheng, Q AF Gonzalez, Leonel Guha, Shekhar Rogers, James W. Sheng, Qin TI An effective z-stretching method for paraxial light beam propagation simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE light beam propagation; interface singularity; finite difference approximations; domain transformation; consistency; stability; uniform and nonuniform grids ID HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; MESH REFINEMENT; WAVE-GUIDES; FINITE; SCATTERING; STABILITY; DOMAIN AB A z-stretching finite difference method is developed for simulating the paraxial light beam propagation through a lens in a cylindrically symmetric domain. By introducing a domain transformation in the z-direction, we solve the corresponding complex difference equations containing an interface singularity over a computational space for great simplicity and efficiency. A specially designed matrix analysis is constructed to the study the numerical stability. Computational experiments are carried out for demonstrating our results. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rogers, James W.; Sheng, Qin] Baylor Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Astrophys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Gonzalez, Leonel] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, JW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Astrophys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM James_W_Rogers@baylor.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 15 BP 7264 EP 7278 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.019 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 329MJ UT WOS:000257871400013 ER PT J AU Mutiso, CK Hughes, JM Sivjee, GG Pedersen, T Gustavsson, B Kosch, MJ AF Mutiso, C. K. Hughes, J. M. Sivjee, G. G. Pedersen, T. Gustavsson, B. Kosch, M. J. TI Previously unreported optical emissions generated during ionospheric heating SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PUMP-ENHANCED AIRGLOW; HF; FREQUENCIES; HAARP; 3RD AB Several radio-induced optical emissions were generated during an ionospheric heating experiment performed at the High Power Auroral Stimulation (HIPAS) facility near Two Rivers, Alaska. The O(+) 732-733 nm and O((3)D(o)) 799.0 nm emissions, previously unreported from ionospheric heating experiments, were detected, in addition to the already documented O((3)P) 844.6 nm and O((5)P) 777.4 nm emissions. Maximum emission intensity was observed in the magnetic zenith, when the heater was transmitting continuous wave O-mode, at a frequency of 2.85 MHz. A modified Czerny-Turner grating spectrometer was used to acquire high resolution optical spectra of the induced emissions, which were synchronized to the heater duty cycle. Candidate mechanisms for the production of the radio-induced emissions, which occurred before the "double resonance'' condition, are presented. C1 [Mutiso, C. K.; Hughes, J. M.; Sivjee, G. G.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Space Phys Res Lab, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. [Pedersen, T.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Mutiso, CK (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Space Phys Res Lab, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM mutisoc@sprl.db.erau.edu; hughesj@erau.edu; sivjee@erau.edu; Todd.Pedersen@hanscom.af.mil; bjorn.gustavsson@phys.uit.no; m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 14 AR L14103 DI 10.1029/2008GL034563 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 328KL UT WOS:000257797200006 ER PT J AU He, WJ Neil, S Kulkarni, H Wright, E Agan, BK Marconi, VC Dolan, MJ Weiss, RA Ahujal, SK AF He, Weijing Neil, Stuart Kulkarni, Hemant Wright, Edward Agan, Brian K. Marconi, Vincent C. Dolan, Matthew J. Weiss, Robin A. Ahujal, Sunil K. TI Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines mediates trans-infection of HIV-1 from red blood cells to target cells and affects HIV-AIDS susceptibility SO CELL HOST & MICROBE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; TRANSMISSION; CCR5; ERYTHROCYTES; CORECEPTOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS AB Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) expressed on red blood cells (REICs) influences plasma levels of HIV-1-suppressive and proinflammatory chemokines such as CCL5/RANTES. DARC is also the RBC receptor for Plasmodium vivax. Africans with DARC -46C/C genotype, which confers a DARC-negative phenotype, are resistant to vivax malaria. Here, we show that HIV-1 attaches to RBCs via DARC, effecting trans-infection of target cells. In African Americans, DARC -46C/C is associated with 40% increase in the odds of acquiring HIV-1. If extrapolated to Africans, similar to 11% of the HIV-1 burden in Africa may be linked to this genotype. After infection occurs, however, DARC-negative RBC status is associated with slower disease progression. Furthermore, the disease-accelerating effect of a previously described CCL5 polymorphism is evident only in DARC-expressing and not in DARC-negative HIV-infected individuals. Thus, DARC influences HIV/AIDS susceptibility by mediating trans-infection of HIV-1 and by affecting both chemokine-HIV interactions and chemokine-driven inflammation. C1 [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [He, Weijing; Kulkarni, Hemant; Ahujal, Sunil K.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care System, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [He, Weijing; Kulkarni, Hemant; Ahujal, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Neil, Stuart; Wright, Edward; Weiss, Robin A.] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, London, England. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Ahujal, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol & Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dolan, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mdolan@idcrp.org; r.weiss@ucl.ac.uk; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Wright, Edward/0000-0001-7041-5138; Neil, Stuart/0000-0003-3306-5831; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Medical Research Council [, G8712499]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI043279, HU0001-05-2-0011, R01 AI043279, R01 AI043279-02, R01 AI043279-03, R01 AI043279-04, R01 AI043279-05, R01 AI043279-06, R01 AI043279-06S1, R01 AI043279-07, R01 AI043279-08, R01 AI046326, R01 AI046326-01A1, R01 AI046326-02, R01 AI046326-03, R01 AI046326-04, R01 AI046326-05, R21 AI046326, R21 AI046326-01, R37 AI046326, R37 AI046326-06A1, R37 AI046326-07, R37 AI046326-07S1, R37 AI046326-08, R37 AI046326-09]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH069270, R01 MH069270, R01 MH069270-01A2, R01 MH069270-01A2S1, R01 MH069270-02, R01 MH069270-03, R01 MH069270-04, R01 MH069270-05] NR 50 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1931-3128 J9 CELL HOST MICROBE JI Cell Host Microbe PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.chom.2008.06.002 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 329ZF UT WOS:000257908400008 PM 18621010 ER PT J AU Terry, NB Naderi, NA Pochet, M Moscho, AJ Lester, LF Kovanis, V AF Terry, N. B. Naderi, N. A. Pochet, M. Moscho, A. J. Lester, L. F. Kovanis, V. TI Bandwidth enhancement of injection-locked 1.3 mu m quantum-dot DFB laser SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; HIGH-SPEED AB Optical injection locking of a quantum-dot distributed-feedback laser at 1.3 mu m is reported. Using an injection ratio of 5.3 dB, an optical detuning of -40 pm, and a slave laser biased at 20 mA, the modulation bandwidth of the injection-locked laser was 16.3 GHz. This is over four times higher than the modulation bandwidth of the free-running quantum-dot laser. At a slave laser bias of 5.0 mA, injection locking resulted in a resonance frequency of 21.9 GHz, over eleven times higher than the relaxation frequency of the free-running slave laser. C1 [Terry, N. B.; Kovanis, V.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naderi, N. A.; Pochet, M.; Moscho, A. J.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Terry, NB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nathan.terry@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 15 BP 904 EP 905 DI 10.1049/el:20080732 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 338VB UT WOS:000258536400010 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Lee, R Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Lee, R. Garscadden, A. TI Electron impact ionization and ion-molecule reactions of octafluoro-2-butene SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE dissociative ionization; ion-molecule; 2-C4F8; cross-section ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; PERFLUOROCARBONS; CHEMISTRIES; PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; THRESHOLD; C-C4F8 AB Electron impact ionization and ion-molecule reactions of octafluoro-2-butene (2-C4F8) were studied using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). Fifteen product ions are formed by electron impact ionization over the energy range 10-200 eV, with C4F7,8+, C3F3,5,6+, C2F4+ and CF1-3+ as the major ions. The total ionization cross-section reaches a maximum of 1.2 x 10(-15) cm(2) at 90 eV. From threshold to 18 eV, the ion population is dominated by the parent ion C4F8+, and from 18 to 70 eV, by C3F5+. Above 70 eV, CF3+ becomes the dominant ion. Among the major ions formed by electron impact ionization of 2-C4F8, only CF+, CF2+ and CF3+ are found to react with the parent molecule, via F- transfer or charge transfer mechanisms. The charge transfer reaction of Ar+ with 2-C4F8 produces mainly C4F7+. The ion chemistries in 2-C4F8 are significantly different from those in c-C4F8 that we have previously studied. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.; Lee, R.; Garscadden, A.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiao, C. Q.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.04.007 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 324QS UT WOS:000257533700003 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Burke, J Lu, R Wu, J Brunke, L Chuck, L Smith, HE Maartense, I Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, C. V. Burke, J. Lu, R. Wu, J. Brunke, L. Chuck, L. Smith, H. E. Maartense, I. Barnes, P. N. TI Biaxially textured YBa2Cu3O7-x films deposited on polycrystalline flexible yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic substrates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO coated conductors; flexible YSZ ceramic; IBAD-MgO; cryoelectronic applications ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; YBCO FILMS; TEMPLATES; MGO; GROWTH; NI AB Biaxially textured YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films were grown on polycrystalline flexible yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic substrates (Ceraflex) buffered with MgO and LaMnO3 layers. These substrates were initially coated with silica glass to obtain a smooth surface and then biaxially textured MgO buffer layers were deposited by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD-MgO). Lanthanum manganate (LMO) cap layers and YBCO layers were then deposited by the pulsed laser ablation method. Highly textured YBCO films with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 6.75 degrees in (110) phi scans and a FWHM similar to 5 degrees in (200) omega An initial deposition yielded samples with a T-c > 88 K and a self-field magnetization scans were obtained. 2 J(c) of 2 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K. A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profile of the samples indicated that with the present deposition condition. some La, Mn and Mg diffusion into the YBCO layers is possible and this may reduce the Jc in the self-field. The yield strength (YS) of uncoated Ceraflex substrates was compared with that of metallic substrates and it was found that Ceraflex substrates can have a YS at least 4-5 times higher than the YS of biaxially textured Ni-5 at.%W substrates and similar to 1.5 times that of Hastelloy (TM) substrates. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Varanasi, C. V.; Burke, J.; Brunke, L.; Chuck, L.; Smith, H. E.; Maartense, I.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lu, R.; Wu, J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Smith, H. E.; Barnes, P. N.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 2645 5th St, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory supported this work. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 468 IS 14 BP 1070 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2008.05.258 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 342XR UT WOS:000258817400014 ER PT J AU Bayraktaroglu, B Leedy, K Bedford, R AF Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Leedy, Kevin Bedford, Robert TI High temperature stability of postgrowth annealed transparent and conductive ZnO : Al films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; OXIDE THIN-FILMS AB High temperature stability of Al-doped ZnO transparent thin films in air has been improved by a combination of optimized growth parameters and postgrowth treatment. Optical transparency was better than 90% for wavelengths ranging from 380 to at least 2500 nm with films that also had resistivities of 2x10(-4) Omega cm. Depending on the growth conditions, film resistivities showed different degrees of increase in resistivity after storing in air at elevated temperatures. Films grown at lower pressures were stable up to 400 degrees C for short exposure times (2 h) and exhibited virtually no change in resistivity at 260 degrees C for over 2500 h. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bayraktaroglu, Burhan; Leedy, Kevin; Bedford, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bayraktaroglu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM burhan.bayraktaroglu@wpafb.af.mil RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2 AR 022104 DI 10.1063/1.2959071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 328KA UT WOS:000257796100053 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Sun, G Soref, RA AF Khurgin, J. B. Sun, G. Soref, R. A. TI Electroluminescence efficiency enhancement using metal nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We apply the "effective mode volume" theory to evaluate enhancement of the electroluminescence efficiency of semiconductor emitters placed in the vicinity of isolated metal nanoparticles and their arrays. Using the example of an InGaN/GaN quantum-well active region positioned in close proximity to Ag nanospheres, we show that while the enhancement due to isolated metal nanoparticles is large, only modest enhancement can be obtained with ordered array of those particles. We further conclude that random assembly of isolated particles holds an advantage over the ordered arrays for light emitting devices of finite area. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 9 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021120 DI 10.1063/1.2957989 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 328KA UT WOS:000257796100020 ER PT J AU Buzulukova, N Fok, MC Moore, TE Ober, DM AF Buzulukova, N. Fok, M. -C. Moore, T. E. Ober, D. M. TI Generation of plasmaspheric undulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVENT; MODEL AB We have modeled the plasmaspheric plume region using the Comprehensive Ring Current model (CRCM) and the Dynamical Global Core Plasma model (DGCPM), for an event that exhibited substantial undulations or ripples as observed by the IMAGE EUV imager during 17 April 2002. We drove the simulated electric field using the Weimer cross polar cap potential. We specified the magnetic field to vary in response to solar wind conditions according to the T96 model. As a control, we performed a run with a fixed magnetic field and a run with a low ring current pressure. The results show that particle injections into the inner magnetosphere and ring current-ionosphere-plasmasphere interaction are an essential part of the undulation response. We also conclude that the undulations are stronger in the case of magnetic field variations because associated induction electric field causes more pronounced injections. C1 [Buzulukova, N.; Fok, M. -C.; Moore, T. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buzulukova, N.] Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow, Russia. [Ober, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Buzulukova, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nbuzulukova@gmail.com RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 13 AR L13105 DI 10.1029/2008GL034164 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 327OS UT WOS:000257739000004 ER PT J AU O'Neil, RR Richards, E Humphrey, CH Stair, AT AF O'Neil, Robert R. Richards, Edward Humphrey, Charles H. Stair, A. T. TI Polar mesospheric clouds: Infrared measurements from the Midcourse Space Experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ARCTIC SUMMER MESOSPHERE; IMAGING-TELESCOPE-III; WATER-ICE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURES; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES; ULTRAVIOLET; ALTITUDES AB Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope (SPIRIT) III radiometer on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite measured highly structured infrared, IR, emission from polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) ice particles at northern latitudes above 51 degrees on 22 July 1996 in the 11.1 to 13.2 and 18.2 to 25.1 mu m radiometer channels, bands C and E, respectively. Measurements of the PMC thermal emissions included the observation of an extended cloud at 84.8 degrees N and 325.6 degrees E at 0313:25 UT, a local solar time of approximately 0056. In this Earth limb observation, the radiance due to the PMC has been isolated from other sources-atmospheric emission, nonrejected off axis radiation from the terrestrial surface and zodiacal radiance-and inverted to determine the volume emission rates of the ice particles at a spatial resolution of 0.3 km in the altitude range from 83.4 to 86.4 km. The band C PMC volume emission rate profile has a maximum value at 84.0 +/- 0.3 km and decreases to one half the peak value at 85.0 and 83.5 km. Temperatures in the range from 143 +/- 7 to 130 +/- 8 K and ice volume densities from 1.5 to 0.5 x 10(-13) cm(3) per cm(3) were determined from the LWIR volume emission rates at altitudes from 83.4 to 86.4 km. The PMC ice densities are equivalent to an enriched gas phase water mixing ratio of 8 to 16 parts per million by volume, ppmv, and a vertical column mass density of 3.3 x 10(-8) gms cm(-2) in this observation. C1 [O'Neil, Robert R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate RVB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Richards, Edward] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Stair, A. T.] Visidyne Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP O'Neil, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate RVB, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM oneilbobcon@verizon.net NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A7 AR A07303 DI 10.1029/2007JA012858 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327RY UT WOS:000257747400001 ER PT J AU Anderson, SE Bodzin, DJ Haddad, TS Boatz, JA Mabry, JM Mitchell, C Bowers, MT AF Anderson, Stanley E. Bodzin, Dena J. Haddad, Timothy S. Boatz, Jerry A. Mabry, Joseph M. Mitchell, Connie Bowers, Michael T. TI Structural investigation of encapsulated fluoride in polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cages using ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular mechanics SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE CONFORMATIONS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; FORCE-FIELD DEVELOPMENT; HELIX REVERSAL DEFECTS; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGHER YIELDING ROUTE; ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; OCTASILSESQUIOXANE CAGES AB A new series of encapsulated fluoride polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) materials, [(CH3)(4)N+][F-@(R8Si8O12)], where R = vinyl, phenyl, styrenyl, trifluoropropyl, nonafluorohexyl, or tridecafluorooctyl, were synthesized by the reaction of tetramethylammonium fluoride with the R8Si8O12 POSS in tetrahydrofuran. Encapsulation of the fluoride was confirmed with F-19 and Si-29 NMR spectroscopy. Ion mobility and molecular modeling methods were used to investigate the gas phase conformational properties of these POSS. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the binding energy of fluoride to the interior of the POSS cage ranges from 70 to 270 kcal/mol as a function of substituent. Sodiated positive ions of the form H+[F-@R8T8]Na+ (T = SiO3/2, R = styrenyl, phenyl, and vinyl) were examined by MALDI; ESI was used to study the negative ions F-@R8T8 (R = styrenyl, phenyl, vinyl, trifluoropropyl, and nonafluorohexyl). The ion mobilities of these species were measured and used to calculate collision cross sections. These cross sections were compared to X-ray crystal structures and theoretical cross sections obtained from molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations. Experimental cross sections were consistent with all of the known X-ray crystal structures (styrenyl, vinyl, and phenyl POSS species). The experimental cross sections also agreed with the calculated cross sections for each species. As a result of the compact nature of the POSS cages, each sample had only one stable conformation, and only one low-energy family of structures was found for each set of sample calculations. C1 [Bodzin, Dena J.; Mitchell, Connie; Bowers, Michael T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Anderson, Stanley E.] Westmont Coll, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA. [Haddad, Timothy S.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Boatz, Jerry A.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Bowers, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bowers@chem.ucsb.edu RI Anderson, Stanley/J-8812-2013 NR 86 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 13 BP 4299 EP 4309 DI 10.1021/cm800058z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 321BM UT WOS:000257279200022 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Kelley, JJ Vaia, RA AF Koerner, Hilmar Kelley, John J. Vaia, Richard A. TI Transient microstructure of low hard segment thermoplastic polyurethane under uniaxial deformation SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SHEAR-ENHANCED CRYSTALLIZATION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SMALL-ANGLE; POLY(BUTYLENE ADIPATE); POLY(TETRAMETHYLENE ADIPATE); IN-SITU; SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMORPHIC CRYSTALS AB Microstructure evolution of a low hard segment (< 10 mol %) thermoplastic polyurethane (LHS-TPU) has been followed by in-situ wide-angle X-ray (WAX) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAX) with a focus on elucidating peculiar microstructural changes during uniaxial deformation (lambda = 1-3.5). For the LHS-TPU, the hard segments, due to their low content and chemical structure, do not crystallize but form glassy regions that act as physical cross-links. Two types of soft segment crystallites are resolved upon elongation via DSC, SAX, and WAX experiments. Phase I consists of a small amount of initial crystallites (<2%) that function similar to conventional PU hard segment domains, deforming at small uniaxial strains (lambda = 1-2) to a chevron-type morphology, which exhibit equatorial 4-point patterns in SAX. Phase II evolves at higher deformations (A > 2) due to strain-induced crystallization. Phase II exhibits a conventional meridional 2-point pattern along the deformation direction with lamellar crystallites aligning in the plane normal to the deformation. WAX, SAX, and DSC confirm that both phases coexist over a small strain window (lambda = 1.9-2.5), demonstrating the independent nature of the two crystalline phases. These findings indicate that the LHS-TPU in this study is similar to poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) in its morphological and structural behavior. This is further substantiated by NMR, which reveals that the LHS-TPU consists of 90% soft segments, which are identified as PBA via crystal structure analysis of a highly aligned fiber. The soft segments in the LHS-TPU dominate the morphology and the X-ray patterns upon deformation. C1 [Koerner, Hilmar; Kelley, John J.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Univ Tcchnol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Koerner, H (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBP, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 9 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4709 EP 4716 DI 10.1021/ma800306z PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 322HQ UT WOS:000257366200027 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Hawkins, T Rosander, M Mills, J Vaghjiani, G Chambreau, S AF Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tommy Rosander, Michael Mills, Jeffrey Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam Chambreau, Steven TI Liquid azide salts and their reactions with common oxidizers IRFNA and N2O4 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROSYL AZIDE; HEATS; ENERGIES; NITROGEN; 1ST-ROW AB Several imidazolium-based ionic liquid azides with saturated and unsaturated side chains were prepared, and their physical and structural properties were investigated. The reactivity of these new as well as some previously reported ionic liquid azides with strong oxidizers, N2O4 and inhibited, red-fuming-nitric acid (IRFNA), was studied. C1 [Schneider, Stefan; Hawkins, Tommy; Rosander, Michael; Mills, Jeffrey; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam; Chambreau, Steven] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM stefan.schneider@edwards.af.mil NR 43 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 13 BP 6082 EP 6089 DI 10.1021/ic8004739 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 321BB UT WOS:000257278000075 PM 18533630 ER PT J AU Louthain, JA Schmidt, JD AF Louthain, James A. Schmidt, Jason D. TI Anisoplanatism in airborne laser communication SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RANDOMLY INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM; SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; WEAK ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SCREEN GENERATOR; SCINTILLATION; PHASE; BEAMS; PROPAGATION AB Airborne laser-communication systems require special considerations in size, complexity, power, and weight. We reduce the variability of the received signal by implementing optimized multiple-transmitter systems to average out the deleterious effects of turbulence. We derive the angular laser-beam separation for various isoplanatic and uncorrelated (anisoplanatic) conditions for the phase and amplitude effects. In most cases and geometries, the angles ordered from largest to smallest are: phase uncorrelated angle (equivalent to the tilt uncorrelated angle), tilt isoplanatic angle, phase isoplanatic angle, scintillation uncorrelated angle, and scintillation correlation angle (phi(Psi ind) > phi(TA) > phi(0) > phi(xind) > phi(xc)). Multiple beams with angular separations beyond phi(xc) tend to reduce scintillation variations. Larger separations such as phi(TA) reduce higher-order phase and scintillation variations and still larger separations beyond phi Psi(ind) tend to reduce the higher and lower-order (e. g. tilt) phase and scintillation effects. Simulations show two-transmitter systems reduce bit error rates for ground-to-air, air-to-air, and ground-to-ground scenarios. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Louthain, James A.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Louthain, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.louthain@afit.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 14 BP 10769 EP 10785 DI 10.1364/OE.16.010769 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 325BV UT WOS:000257564100086 PM 18607493 ER PT J AU Koon, HEC Loreille, OM Covington, AD Christensen, AF Parsons, TJ Collins, MJ AF Koon, H. E. C. Loreille, O. M. Covington, A. D. Christensen, A. F. Parsons, T. J. Collins, M. J. TI Diagnosing post-mortem treatments which inhibit DNA amplification from US MIAs buried at the Punchbowl SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE DNA; cross-linking; collagen; bone; mortuary practices; TEM; DSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CROSS-LINKING; COLLAGEN; STABILITY; BONE AB The US military is committed to recovering and identifying the remains of unknown military service members. Casualties of the Korean War were exhumed from the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, or Punchbowl, and submitted to the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL) for mtDNA sequencing. Contrary to AFDIL's experience on other samples from this era, most failed to yield amplifiable DNA. Suspicion fell on mortuary practices that may have been applied to the remains, evidenced by a white powder found with the bones, and general records suggesting the use of formaldehyde-based stablizing agents. To improve the chances of successful identification of the unknown individuals, we looked for the causes underlying, this failure. We did this by examining the state of the collagen, the most abundant biomolecule in bone, by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The DSC analyses showed collagens with a range of different thermal stabilities. When these results were compared with the DNA amplification results, a clear correlation between elevated thermal stability and amplification failure was evident. TFM analysis revealed that fibril integrity was maintained after thermal and acid treatments in the samples which failed amplification. Together these two approaches implicate a stabilization agent as the cause of problems with DNA analysis, presumably due to excessive cross-linking. Following the initial study, the ability of DSC to rapidly identify problem samples was tested in a blind study of 14 samples, the method successfully identifying all the problematic samples from Punchbowl. Within this unusual context, DSC analysis is a useful method to assess the likelihood of successful DNA extraction and amplification. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koon, H. E. C.; Collins, M. J.] Univ York, Dept Archaeol & Biol, BioArCh, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. [Loreille, O. M.; Parsons, T. J.] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Covington, A. D.] Univ Northampton, Appl Collagen Res Grp, Northampton NN2 7AL, England. [Christensen, A. F.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command Cent Identificat, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Parsons, T. J.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. RP Koon, HEC (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Archaeol & Biol, BioArCh, POB 373, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. EM heck100@york.ac.uk OI Christensen, Alexander/0000-0002-5601-7982 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 2-3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.03.015 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 317KN UT WOS:000257019200014 PM 18472236 ER PT J AU Nishimura, Y Wygant, J Ono, T Iizima, M Kumamoto, A Brautigam, D Rich, F AF Nishimura, Y. Wygant, J. Ono, T. Iizima, M. Kumamoto, A. Brautigam, D. Rich, F. TI Large-amplitude wave electric field in the inner magnetosphere during substorms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL ACCELERATION REGION; PLASMA SHEET; ALFVEN WAVES; BOUNDARY; ONSETS; POLAR; IONS; TAIL; INSTRUMENT; GENERATION AB [1] CRRES electric field data during substorms have been analyzed to investigate intense electric fields in the inner magnetosphere associated with dipolarizations. Substorm injections during 13: 00 - 15: 00 UT on 7 March 1991 exhibit many large-scale electric fields and short-duration electric field spikes. Large-scale electric fields with durations of similar to 1 min are identified as spatial structures associated with the region 1 field-aligned currents. Amplitudes of electric fields reach 30 mV/m with a high correlation with variations of the magnetic field, and the Poynting fluxes are directed toward the ionosphere with magnitudes of more than 0.5 mW/m(2). 16-Hz high-resolution data show intense electric field spikes with amplitudes of similar to 100 mV/m with durations of similar to 1 s. Most of the spikes are electromagnetic with Poynting fluxes of similar to 0.1 mW/m(2) directed toward the ionosphere. The electric field spikes are identified as right-handed whistler waves with a size of similar to 1000 km with frequencies just below the ion cyclotron frequency. A nearly simultaneous measurement by the DMSP-F9 satellite shows intense plasma flows with durations of 1 s and inverted-V electron precipitation. An estimation of the wave and particle energy fluxes shows that about half of the Poynting flux of the electric field spikes is consumed accelerating auroral particles, and 1% of the Poynting flux drives the fast plasma flows at the ionosphere. It is suggested that the electromagnetic spikes provide sufficient energy for auroral particle acceleration. C1 [Nishimura, Y.; Ono, T.; Iizima, M.; Kumamoto, A.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Brautigam, D.; Rich, F.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. [Wygant, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Nishimura, Y (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM yukitoshi@stpp1.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A7 AR A07202 DI 10.1029/2007JA012833 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 323GJ UT WOS:000257434000002 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Kushch, VI Dudka, VA Roy, A AF Buryachenko, V. A. Kushch, V. I. Dudka, V. A. Roy, A. TI Effective stiffness of composites reinforced by cylindrical fibers with smooth ends, with potential application to nanocomposites SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID PONTE-CASTANEDA-WILLIS; MORI-TANAKA; POLYMER COMPOSITES; CARBON NANOTUBES; MATRIX; STRESS; INCLUSIONS; INTERFACE; WAVINESS; TENSOR AB Nanocomposite is modeled as a linearly elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous random field of homogeneous cylindrical fibers with smooth ends and prescribed random orientation. Estimation of effective elastic moduli of nanocomposites was performed by the effective field method ( see for references Buryachenko in Appl Mech Rev 54: 1 - 47, 2001) developed in the framework of quasi crystalline approximation when the spatial correlations of inclusion location take particular ellipsoidal forms. A single cylindrical fiber with the smooth ends embedded in a large matrix sample is analyzed by finite element analysis for six different external loadings which yields a strain polarization tensor averaged over the volume of the fiber. The independent choice of shapes of inclusions and correlation holes provides the formulae of effective moduli which are symmetric, completely explicit and easy to use. The parametric numerical analysis reveals the most sensitive parameters influencing the effective moduli which are defined by the axial elastic moduli of nanofibers rather than their transversal moduli as well as by the choice of correlation holes, concentration and prescribed random orientation of nanofibers. C1 [Buryachenko, V. A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kushch, V. I.; Dudka, V. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Superhard Mat, Kiev, Ukraine. [Roy, A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBC, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM buryach@woh.rr.com NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 198 IS 3-4 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00707-007-0531-z PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 335AO UT WOS:000258263400001 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM Morton, SA Siegel, SG AF Cummings, Russell M. Morton, Scott A. Siegel, Stefan G. TI Numerical prediction and wind tunnel experiment for a pitching unmanned combat air vehicle SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsteady aerodynamics; computational fluid dynamics; wind tunnel testing; UCAV; maneuvering aircraft ID DYNAMIC STALL; DELTA-WINGS; AIRFOIL; FLOW AB The low-speed flowfield for a generic unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted with the Boeing 1301 UCAV at a variety of angles of attack up to 70 degrees, both statically and with various frequencies of pitch oscillation (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz). In addition, pitching was performed about three longitudinal locations on the configuration (the nose, 35% MAC, and the tail). Solutions to the unsteady, laminar, compressible Navier-Stokes equations were obtained on an unstructured mesh to match results from the static and dynamic experiments. The computational results are compared with experimental results for both static and pitching cases. Details about the flowfield, including vortex formation and interaction, are shown and discussed, including the non-linear aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Cummings, Russell M.; Morton, Scott A.; Siegel, Stefan G.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM russ.cummings@usafa.af.mil NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2007.08.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 333QS UT WOS:000258168000002 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Roquemore, WM AF Katta, Viswanath R. Roquemore, William M. TI Calculation of multidimensional flames using large chemical kinetics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37TH Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Miami, FL SP AIAA ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; SOOT FORMATION; NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS; COMBUSTION; CODE AB A time-dependent, two-dimensional, detailed-chemistry computational fluid dynamics model, known as UNICORN (unsteady ignition and combustion using reactions), is used for solving complex flame problems. The unique features incorporated in UNICORN for handling extremely large chemical kinetics with ease and efficiency are discussed. A submixture concept that is used for evaluating transport properties is described. This concept increases the computational speed by a factor of five for a 208-species mechanism and is expected to have even higher efficiency with larger mechanisms. An implicit treatment for certain reaction-rate terms applied during the solution of species-conservation equations is described. Moving the reaction-rate source terms to the left-hand side of the partial differential equations eases the stiffness problem that is typically associated with combustion chemical kinetics. Computational speeds are further improved in UNICORN by completely integrating the chemical-kinetics mechanisms with the solution algorithm. A software-generated computational fluid dynamics approach is used to avoid the tedious and near-impossible task of manually integrating a large chemical-kinetics mechanism into a computational fluid dynamics code. Several calculations demonstrating the abilities of the UNICORN code are presented. Chemical-kinetics mechanisms up to 366 species and 3700 reaction steps are incorporated, and simulations for unsteady multidimensional flames are performed on personal computers. Making use of the robustness and efficiency of the UNICORN code, detailed chemical mechanisms developed for JP-8 fuel are tested for their accuracy, and a parametric study on the role of parent species of a surrogate mixture in predicting flame extinguishment is performed. Ease of changing chemical kinetics in the UNICORN code is demonstrated through the investigation of effects of additives in JP-8 fuel. C1 [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Roquemore, William M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@erinet.com; melvyn.roquemore@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1640 EP 1650 DI 10.2514/1.33131 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 321VO UT WOS:000257334800008 ER PT J AU Lopez, MA Michaelson, PG Westine, JG AF Lopez, Manuel A. Michaelson, Peter G. Westine, John G. TI A systematic approach for preoperative rhinoplasty planning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Review AB There is ample instructive literature on preoperative analysis of the rhinoplasty patient available to the present day provider. However, the literature does show a paucity of instruction to convert the preoperative analysis into a surgical plan of action. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic approach to preoperative planning once the analysis has been done. It is our hope that the approach outlined within this article will assist students of rhinoplasty in devising an operative course and formulation of a systematic approach to operative planning. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Michaelson, Peter G.] Ear Nose & Throat Dept, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lopez, Manuel A.] USAF, Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Michaelson, PG (reprint author), Ear Nose & Throat Dept, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.michaelson@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.06.001 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 327MK UT WOS:000257733000009 PM 18598839 ER PT J AU Coop, CA Tankersley, MS AF Coop, Christopher A. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Patient perceptions regarding local reactions from allergen immunotherapy injections SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; DOSE ADJUSTMENT; PRETREATMENT; REDUCTION AB Background: Although most allergists agree that local reactions to immunotherapy are not predictive of future systemic reactions, the 2 main reasons for dose adjustments are the concern that local reactions cause discomfort that may lead to patient noncompliance and the concern that local reactions are predictive of future local reactions. Objectives: To determine patient perceptions regarding local reactions from immunotherapy. Methods: A survey on allergen immunotherapy was provided to patients. Participants were asked about the presence of local reactions, the size of their local reactions, and how bothersome these local reactions were. Patients were also asked if they had considered stopping immunotherapy because of these local reactions. Results: All 249 patients undergoing immunotherapy completed the survey. Seventy-one percent of the patients reported that they had experienced a local reaction during allergen immunotherapy. Of those patients who reported local reactions, 84.7% reported local reactions smaller than the palm of the hand and 81.9% deemed local reactions not to be bothersome at all or only slightly bothersome. Of those who experienced local reactions, 96.0% stated they would not stop immunotherapy because of these local reactions. Conclusions: Although most patients reported local reactions, these local reactions were usually small and not very bothersome. Most patients would not stop allergen immunotherapy because of local reactions. C1 [Coop, Christopher A.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Lackland AFB, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Coop, CA (reprint author), Lackland AFB, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 759 MDOS MMIA,59th Med Grp,2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.coop@hotmail.com NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 325KY UT WOS:000257589000016 PM 18681091 ER PT J AU Kundu, S Naskar, AK Ogale, AA Anderson, DP Arnold, JR AF Kundu, Santanu Naskar, Amit K. Ogale, Amod A. Anderson, David P. Arnold, Jonahira R. TI Observations on a low-angle X-ray diffraction peak for AR-HP mesophase pitch SO CARBON LA English DT Letter ID CARBON-FIBERS; ORIENTATION; PHASE AB Using wide angle x-ray diffraction on AR-HP mesophase pitch, a diffraction peak was detected at approximately 7 degrees(2 Theta). The low-angle peak was reproducible using different diffractometers and different sample-to-detector distances, and was observed for all pitch samples irrespective of the flow history, but not for carbon fibers derived from the same precursor fibers. The interplanar 002 peak at similar to 25 degrees was observed at the equatorial position, whereas, the peak at 7 degrees was in the meridional position, i.e., the peaks are nominally 90 degrees apart in an azimuthal scan. This signifies that the low angle peak was due to diffraction from planes that are orthogonal to (002) planes. The 7 degrees peak is equivalent to a d-spacing of 1.25 nm, which corresponds to the nominal lateral dimension of the mesogen molecules that constitute the mesophase pitch. A typical MALDI analysis showed predominance of molecular weights of similar to 500 au. Edges of such a constituent of mesophase pitch molecules, which lead to a lateral ordered spacing of approximately 1.1 nm, can lead to a diffraction peak at approximately 7 degrees. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kundu, Santanu; Naskar, Amit K.; Ogale, Amod A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kundu, Santanu; Naskar, Amit K.; Ogale, Amod A.] Clemson Univ, CAEFF, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Anderson, David P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Arnold, Jonahira R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ogale, AA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ogale@clemson.edu RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1166 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.03.014 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 325VQ UT WOS:000257617000011 ER PT J AU Gunzelmann, G AF Gunzelmann, Glenn TI Strategy generalization across orientation tasks: Testing a computational cognitive model SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial orientation; spatial cognition; cogntive architecture; computational model; prediction; strategy; experiment; adaptive control of thought-rational (ACT-R) ID ARE-HERE MAPS; MENTAL ROTATION; SPATIAL RELATIONS; KNOWLEDGE; REAL; PERFORMANCE; HIERARCHIES; DIRECTION AB Humans use their spatial information processing abilities flexibly to facilitate problem solving and decision making in a variety of tasks. This article explores the question of whether a general strategy can be adapted for performing two different spatial orientation tasks by testing the predictions of a computational cognitive model. Human performance was measured on an orientation task requiring participants to identify the location of a target either on a map (find-on-map) or within an egocentric view of a space (find-in-scene). A general strategy instantiated in a computational cognitive model of the find-on-map task, based on the results from Gunzelmann and Anderson (2006), was adapted to perform both tasks and used to generate performance predictions for a new study. The qualitative fit of the model to the human data supports the view that participants were able to tailor a general strategy to the requirements of particular spatial tasks. The quantitative differences between the predictions of the model and the performance of human participants in the new experiment expose individual differences in sample populations. The model provides a means of accounting for those differences and a framework for understanding how human spatial abilities are applied to naturalistic spatial tasks that involve reasoning with maps. C1 AF Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. RP Gunzelmann, G (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. EM glenn.gunzelmann@us.af.mil NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 835 EP 861 DI 10.1080/03640210802221957 PG 27 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 345KS UT WOS:000258996300002 PM 21635355 ER PT J AU Beninati, W Meyer, MT Carter, TE AF Beninati, William Meyer, Michael T. Carter, Todd E. TI The critical care air transport program SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE patient transport; critical care; military; mechanical ventilation; trauma; casualty; disaster; high altitude; aeromedical ID AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION; ILL PATIENTS; CASUALTIES AB Background, The critical care air transport team program is a component of the U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Evacuation system. A critical care air transport team consists of a critical care physician, critical care nurse, and respiratory therapist along with the supplies and equipment to operate a portable intensive care unit within a cargo aircraft. Discussion: This capability was developed to support rapidly mobile surgical teams with high capability for damage control resuscitation and limited capacity for postresuscitation care. The critical care air transport team permits rapid evacuation of stabilizing casualties to a higher level of care. The aeromedical environment presents important challenges for the delivery of critical care. All equipment must be tested for safety and effectiveness in this environment before use in flight The team members must integrate the current standards of care with the limitation imposed by stresses of flight on their patent. Summary: The critical care air transport team capability has been used successfully in a range of settings from transport within the United States, to disaster response, to support of casualties in combat. C1 [Beninati, William] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Operat Grp 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Crit Care Air Transport Pilot Unit, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Carter, Todd E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Anesthesia, Air Force Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skil, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Beninati, W (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Operat Grp 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.beninati@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 SU S BP S370 EP S376 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817e3143 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324AU UT WOS:000257490700017 PM 18594265 ER PT J AU Grathwohl, KW Venticinque, SG Blackbourne, LH Jenkins, DH AF Grathwohl, Kurt W. Venticinque, Steven G. Blackbourne, Lorne H. Jenkins, Donald H. TI The evolution of military trauma and critical care medicine: Applications for civilian medical care systems SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grathwohl, Kurt W.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Div Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Venticinque, Steven G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Trauma Div, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Blackbourne, Lorne H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Jenkins, Donald H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Hosp, Dept Surg, Trauma Div, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Jenkins, Donald H.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Trauma Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Jenkins, Donald H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Grathwohl, KW (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Div Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM kurtgrathwohl@amedd.army.mil NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 SU S BP S253 EP S254 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817e325a PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324AU UT WOS:000257490700001 PM 18594249 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Wang, SA Renshaw, IL AF Fadare, Oluwole Wang, Sa A. Renshaw, Idris L. TI Does the radiofrequency impedance-controlled endometrial ablation have any morphologic effects on uterine leiomyomata?: Report of 3 cases SO DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; NOVASURE; SYSTEM AB A variety of novel endometrial ablation technologies are now in routine use. A subset of uteri that had previously undergone these treatments will ultimately be evaluated by the pathologist. However, the full spectrum of histologic changes that may result from these treatments has received only sporadic attention. The NovaSure (TM) [Hologic Corporation, Marlborough, MA, USA] endometrial ablation system is one of several available second-generation technologies and its particular endometrial ablative power is based on the delivery of radiofrequency energy. The present analysis was designed to decipher any histologic changes ( if any) associated with the NovaSure (TM) endometrial ablation system relative to benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterine corpus. Over a one-year period, 3 uteri that had previously undergone the NovaSure (TM) endometrial ablation and which also had leiomyomatous mass lesions were evaluated. The leiomyomatous mass lesions were extensively sampled and were evaluated for cellular shapes ( epithelioid change, cellular rounding, extraordinary cytoplasmic eosinophilia, clear cell change, cytoplasmic vacuolation), nuclear changes ( nucleomegaly, nucleolomegaly, multinucleation, hyperchromasia, symplastic changes), necrosis ( coagulative and/or infarct), mitotic activity, apoptotic bodies or pyknotic cells, myxoid change, hyalinization. The three uteri were resected 61, 47 and 74 ( mean 60.7) days post-ablation. After a detailed evaluation of multiple submucosal, intramural and subserosal leiomyomata from these 3 uteri, no noteworthy histologic changes were identified in the tumors. Since the presence or absence of tumor necrosis is one histologic criterion by which malignant potential is assigned to uterine smooth muscle neoplasms, defining any extrinsic processes that may establish, or contribute to this finding is clinically relevant. The findings reported herein suggests that if a leiomyoma that was obtained from a patient that had recently undergone the NovaSure (TM) endometrial ablation displays any degenerative changes such as necrosis, the changes are probably not attributable to the ablation. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA USA. [Renshaw, Idris L.] Vanguard Pathol Associates, Austin, TX USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com; WangS@ummhc.org; idrisrenshaw@yahoo.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1746-1596 J9 DIAGN PATHOL JI Diagn. Pathol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 3 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1746-1596-3-28 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 401JP UT WOS:000262937300001 PM 18593468 ER PT J AU DeWitt, MJ Corporan, E Graham, J Minus, D AF DeWitt, Matthew J. Corporan, Edwin Graham, John Minus, Donald TI Effects of aromatic type and concentration in Fischer-Tropsch fuel on emissions production and material compatibility SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID JET FUEL; RUBBER; HYDROCARBONS; ENGINE; SOOT AB The use of synthetic fuels produced via the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process is being considered for U.S. military applications as an approach to provide secure and stable fuel resources. Many potential operational benefits have been observed while employing this type of paraffinic fuel for aviation applications. However, operational limitations with respect to seal-swell and lubricity may need to be improved for ultimate implementation. Studies were performed to investigate the feasibility of adding aromatic solvents as an option to achieve "fit-for-purpose" (FFP) requirements. Aromatics are known to improve seal-swell characteristics, but also increase engine soot emissions. Three aromatic solvents, which encompass the molecular weight range typically found in military jet fuel (JP-8), were added both individually and as a blend to an FT fuel at varying concentrations. The seal-swell capability of the solvents was inferred using nitrile, fluorosilicone, and fluorocarbon O-rings while the solvent effect on combustion emissions was evaluated using a T63 engine. The studies showed that particulate matter (PM) emissions increased with increasing aromatic molecular weight and concentration, which was attributed to an increase in soot precursors. The seal-swell of nitrile rubber was most strongly affected by the addition of aromatics in the form of alkyl-naphthalenes as compared to alkyl-benzenes. This result was attributed to the decreasing molar volume and increasing polarity and hydrogen-bonding potential for the larger aromatics, primarily naphthalene and corresponding derivatives. Results showed that the desired swell characteristics and relatively low PM emissions can be achieved with the solvents evaluated in this study. The overall relation between PM emissions production and volume swell showed that all solvents considered had comparable dependence, which suggests that it may be possible to predict these interdependent variables. Overall, this study provided an initial assessment and basis for subsequent evaluations of potential feedstocks for blending in FT fuels to achieve FFP requirements. Future studies will evaluate additional elastomer materials and individual aromatic species while characterizing the emissions production on varying combustion platforms. C1 [DeWitt, Matthew J.; Graham, John] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Corporan, Edwin; Minus, Donald] USAF, Res Lab, Fuels Branch AFRL PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeWitt, MJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM matthew.dewitt@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2411 EP 2418 DI 10.1021/ef78001179 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200038 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Hawkins, T Rosander, M Vaghjiani, G Chambreau, S Drake, G AF Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tommy Rosander, Michael Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam Chambreau, Steven Drake, Gregory TI Ionic liquids as hypergolic fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SALTS; DICYANAMIDE C1 [Schneider, Stefan; Hawkins, Tommy; Rosander, Michael; Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam; Chambreau, Steven] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Drake, Gregory] USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Prop & Struct Directorate, AMSRD AMR PS PT, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM stefan.schneider@edwards.af.mil NR 14 TC 133 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2871 EP 2872 DI 10.1021/ef800286b PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200100 ER PT J AU Cerny, J Fadare, O Hutchinson, L Wang, SA AF Cerny, Jan Fadare, Oluwole Hutchinson, Lloyd Wang, Sa A. TI Clinicopathological features of extramedullary recurrence/relapse of multiple myeloma SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple myeloma; extramedullary relapse; histology; CD56; therapy; survival ID STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; BONE-MARROW; PLASMACYTOMA; THALIDOMIDE; RELAPSE; PROGRESSION; PATTERNS; THERAPY; ABSENCE; CD56 AB Extramedullary relapses of multiple myeloma (MM) during the course of disease are rare. We report a series of six patients with primary intramedullary MM that were treated with immunomodulatory therapy and/or stem cell transplant, and that later developed extramedullary relapses at various body sites. These six cases represent 3.9% of the 156 patients treated for MM at our institution over a 9-yr period (1999-2007). Five (83.3%) of the six cases showed immature/high-grade histology in the extramedullary relapses as compared with their antecedent MM. The neural cell adhesion molecule, CD56, was immunohistochemically demonstrable in 75% (three of four) of the original myelomas tested, but was absent in 83.3% (five of six) of their extramedullary relapses. The disease typically behaved aggressively and was rapidly fatal in all six patients even when therapy was administered. The median time of progression to extramedullary relapse was 29 months (range 9-64 months), and the median survival after diagnosis of the relapses was only 38 d (range 1-106 d). Our case series shows that extramedullary relapse of MM is characterized by high-grade histology, loss of CD56 expression, frequent resistance to current therapeutic regimens, aggressive biological behavior, and very short survival. C1 [Hutchinson, Lloyd; Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, UMass Mem Med Ctr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Cerny, Jan] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, UMass Mem Med Ctr,Dept Internal Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, UMass Mem Med Ctr, 3 Biotech,1 Innovat Dr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM wanga@ummhc.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 21 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0902-4441 J9 EUR J HAEMATOL JI Eur. J. Haematol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01087.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 315BS UT WOS:000256853500009 PM 18462256 ER PT J AU Jones, IK Zhou, YX Jeelani, S Mabry, JM AF Jones, I. K. Zhou, Y. X. Jeelani, S. Mabry, J. M. TI Effect of polyhedral-oligomeric-sil-sesquioxanes on thermal and mechanical behavior of SC-15 epoxy SO EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; epoxy; POSS; thermal and mechanical properties ID SILSESQUIOXANES POSS; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; NANO; POLYMERS; CLAY AB In this study, thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites containing SC-15 epoxy resin and polyhedral-oligomeric-sil-sesquioxanes (POSS) have been studied. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results show that the addition of 5 wt% of POSS yielded a 13% increase in the storage modulus and a 16 degrees C enhancement in T(g). Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) results show that the thermal stability of epoxy increased with higher POSS content. Tension tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials. Both modulus and tensile strength are linear functions of POSS content. Scanning Electric Microscopy (SEM) pictures of fracture surfaces show that the roughness of the fracture surfaces of epoxy increased after adding POSS. Based on experiment results, a three-parameter nonlinear constitutive equation was developed to describe the strain-softening stress-strain relationship behavior of materials. The parameters in this model are the elastic modulus, a strain exponent, m, and a compliance factor, beta. Their relationships to the POSS weight fraction were obtained from the experiment results. The simulated stress-strain curves from the model agree with the test data. Analysis of the model shows that both the strain exponent, m, which controls the strain softening and hardening effect of the material, and the compliance parameter, beta, which controls the flow stress level of the material, increase with higher POSS content. C1 [Jones, I. K.; Zhou, Y. X.; Jeelani, S.] Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Mabry, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Zhou, YX (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM yzhou@tuskegee.edu FU National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU BUDAPEST UNIV TECHNOL & ECON PI BUDAPEST PA DEPT POLYMER ENG, MUEGYETEM RKP 3, BUDAPEST, H-1111, HUNGARY SN 1788-618X J9 EXPRESS POLYM LETT JI Express Polym. Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 494 EP 501 DI 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.59 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 411XM UT WOS:000263686900005 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Wang, SA Hileeto, D AF Fadare, Oluwole Wang, Sa A. Hileeto, Denise TI Pure or mixed-type invasive lobular carcinoma - reply SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Hileeto, Denise] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1121 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.04.003 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 320VX UT WOS:000257264300021 ER PT J AU Mortari, D Wilkins, MP AF Mortari, Daniele Wilkins, Matthew P. TI Flower Constellation Set Theory Part I: Compatibility and Phasing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Flower Constellations are special satellite constellations whose satellites follow the same 3-dimensional space track with respect to assigned rotating reference frame. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of compatibility and phasing of the Flower Constellations. Compatibility is the synchronization property of a Flower Constellation with respect to a rotating reference frame while phasing dictates the satellite distribution property. Compatibility and phasing, which are ruled by a set of five independent integer parameters, constitute the two main properties of the Flower Constellations. In particular, the dual-compatible Flower Constellations theory, which allows a simultaneous synchronization of the Flower Constellation dynamics with two independent rotating reference frames, is introduced. Meaningful examples and potential applications are briefly discussed. C1 [Mortari, Daniele] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USAF, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr Kihei, Maui, HI USA. [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Mortari, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, HR Bright Bldg,Room 611C,Ross St,TAMU3141, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mortari@aero.tamu.edu; mpwilkins@gmail.com NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4655355 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 364JM UT WOS:000260332000009 ER PT J AU Wilkins, MP Mortari, D AF Wilkins, Matthew P. Mortari, Daniele TI Flower Constellation Set Theory Part II: Secondary Paths and Equivalency SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In our previous research, the Flower Constellation set theory was introduced but specific details left out. In this work, the particular phasing theory that we have adopted is discussed in full. As a consequence of this choice of parametrization, a new class of orbit theory has emerged: secondary paths (SPs). The theory of SPs is developed and proved in this work. Examples of SPs are presented and discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the equivalency of Flower Constellations and resolve how certain disparate choices of integer parameters can generate identical satellite distributions. C1 [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Mortari, Daniele] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USAF, Schafer Corp, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr, Maui, HI 96761 USA. RP Wilkins, MP (reprint author), USAF, Schafer Corp, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr, Maui, HI 96761 USA. EM mpwilkins@gmail.com NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 964 EP 976 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4655356 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 364JM UT WOS:000260332000010 ER PT J AU Wei, LL Batalama, SN Pados, DA Suter, BW AF Wei, Lili Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Suter, Bruce W. TI Adaptive binary signature design for code-division multiplexing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 06) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc DE binary sequences; code-division multiple-access (CDMA); code-division multiplexing; signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR); signal waveform design; signature sets; spread-spectrum communications; ultra-wideband (UWB) communications ID DS-CDMA SYSTEMS; TOTAL-SQUARED-CORRELATION; KARYSTINOS-PADOS BOUNDS; SUM CAPACITY; USER-CAPACITY; INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE; OPTIMAL SEQUENCES; WIRELESS SYSTEMS; SPREADING CODES; SETS AB When data symbols modulate a signature waveform to move across a channel in the presence of disturbance, the signature that maximizes the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the maximum-SINR filter is the smallest-eigenvalue eigenvector of the disturbance autocovariance matrix. In digital communication systems the signature alphabet is finite and digital signature optimization is NP-hard. In this paper, we present a formal search procedure of cost, upon eigenvector decomposition, log-linear in the signature code length that returns the maximum-SINR binary signature vector near arcs of least SINR decrease from the real maximum SINR solution in the Euclidean vector space. The quality of the proposed adaptive binary designs is measured against the theoretical upper bound of the complex/real eigenvector maximizer. C1 [Wei, Lili; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wei, LL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM liliwei@eng.buffalo.edu; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu; pados@eng.buffalo.edu; b.suter@ieee.org NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2798 EP 2804 DI 10.1109/TWC.2008.070174 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 350PZ UT WOS:000259366900046 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, JE Rowenhorst, DJ Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. Pollock, T. M. TI The three-dimensional reconstruction of the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface of a Ni-based single crystal SO JOM LA English DT Article ID THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTIVE INSTABILITIES; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; SUPERALLOY CASTINGS; PB-SN; ALLOYS; PERMEABILITY; NICKEL; FLOW; MICROSTRUCTURES; STABILIZATION AB Directional solidification of nickel-based single crystals requires control of the heat transfer fluid flow, and phase transformations at the solid-liquid interface during withdrawal in the Bridgman process. While the morphological details,of the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface influence defect formation processes, there is an incomplete understanding of this structure as a function of alloy composition and processing conditions. A three-dimensional serial sectioning and image reconstruction approach for characterization of the solidification front has been developed and structural characteristics of the dendritic structure are quantified. C1 [Madison, J.; Pollock, T. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonnymad@umich.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2008 VL 60 IS 7 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0085-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 323HZ UT WOS:000257438500005 ER PT J AU Vorce, SP Mallak, CT Jacobs, A AF Vorce, Shawn P. Mallak, Craig T. Jacobs, Aaron TI Quantitative analysis of the aminosteroidal non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent vecuronium by LC-ESI-MS: A postmortem investigation SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; LONG-TERM INFUSION; ROCURONIUM; METABOLITE; PLASMA; 17-DESACETYLROCURONIUM; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PARALYSIS; BROMIDE C1 [Vorce, Shawn P.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Mallak, Craig T.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Jacobs, Aaron] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Vorce, SP (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Forens Toxicol, 1413 Res Blvd,Bldg 102, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM vorce@afip.osd.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 422 EP 427 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 330QY UT WOS:000257959100005 PM 18652748 ER PT J AU Holler, JM Bosy, TZ Dunkley, CS Levine, B Past, MR Jacobs, A AF Holler, Justin M. Bosy, Thomas Z. Dunkley, Christopher S. Levine, Barry Past, Marilyn R. Jacobs, Aaron TI Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol content of commercially available hemp products SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED CANNABIS PRODUCTS; SEED OIL; THC CONTENT; FOOD-PRODUCTS; DRUG TESTS; CONSUMPTION; URINE; INGESTION; DELTA(9)-THC; MARIJUANA C1 [Holler, Justin M.; Dunkley, Christopher S.; Levine, Barry; Past, Marilyn R.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Bosy, Thomas Z.] USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Jacobs, Aaron] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Holler, JM (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Justin.Holler@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 330QY UT WOS:000257959100006 PM 18652749 ER PT J AU Larson, SJ Holler, JM Magluilo, J Dunkley, CS Jacobs, A AF Larson, Scott J. Holler, Justin M. Magluilo, Joseph, Jr. Dunkley, Christopher S. Jacobs, Aaron TI Papain adulteration in 11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid-positive urine samples SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEROXIDASE; WOUNDS C1 [Larson, Scott J.; Holler, Justin M.; Magluilo, Joseph, Jr.; Dunkley, Christopher S.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Jacobs, Aaron] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Larson, SJ (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM scott.larson@afip.osd.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 438 EP 443 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 330QY UT WOS:000257959100008 PM 18652751 ER PT J AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, Paul N. Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth TI Calculation of one-photon and two-photon absorption spectra of porphyrins using time-dependent density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID FREE-BASE PORPHIN; EXCITED-STATES; SAC-CI; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMOPHORES; POLARIZATION AB Time-dependent density functional theory has been used to calculate the one-photon and two-photon absorption spectra of free-base porphyrin, a substituted zinc porphyrin, and a zinc porphyrin dimer, in order to assess the validity of the method to reproduce the large increase in the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section for the dimer. Three hybrid functionals with varying amounts of exact exchange were tested, and the calculated one-photon absorption spectra for each of the molecular systems were shown to be in qualitative agreement with the measured spectra. All three functionals predict a large enhancement in the TPA cross-section for the dimer relative to the monomer, in agreement with experimental results. However, because of the sensitivity of the resonance enhancement factor to small differences in the relevant state energies, quantitative prediction of the. TPA cross-section by this method is still a challenge. C1 [Day, Paul N.; Nguyen, Kiet A.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Techno Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Day@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1094 EP 1106 DI 10.1021/ct800080w PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 324FJ UT WOS:000257502800009 PM 26636363 ER PT J AU Holden, DT Schwartz, SA Kirkpatrick, TC Schindler, WG AF Holden, David T. Schwartz, Scott A. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. Schindler, William G. TI Clinical outcomes of artificial root-end barriers with mineral trioxide aggregate in teeth with immature apices SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE apexification; barrier; clinical outcomes; immature apices; MTA ID ADULT MONKEY TEETH; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; FILLING MATERIAL; ENDODONTIC TREATMENT; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; PERMANENT INCISORS; SEALING ABILITY; GUTTA-PERCHA; MTA; APEXIFICATION AB The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate used as an artificial apical barrier in teeth with immature apices. Twenty teeth from 19 patients were included in this study. A healed diagnosis was based on periapical index scores of 1 or 2 and no clinical signs or symptoms at recall examinations. Eighty-five percent (17/20) of these teeth were healed, and improvements in periapical index scores at recall appointments were shown to be statistically significant (P <.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Chi-square test indicated that age, gender, primary treatment versus retreatment, presence of preoperative lesion, and differences in recall times did not significantly influence healing outcome. Overall, these results indicated that the mineral trioxide aggregate apical barrier technique is a successful method for obturating teeth with immature apices. C1 [Holden, David T.; Schwartz, Scott A.; Schindler, William G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Timothy C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Holden, DT (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,Mail Code 7892, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM holdend@uthscsa.edu NR 52 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 7 BP 812 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2008.04.003 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 320JY UT WOS:000257230700006 PM 18570985 ER PT J AU Cao, YD Ponnappan, R AF Cao, Yiding Ponnappan, Rengasamy TI A liquid cooler module with carbon foam for electronics cooling applications SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE carbon foam; liquid cooler module; and electronics cooling applications ID MEDIA; HEAT AB A liquid cooler module (LCM) employing high-thermal-conductivity, pitch-based carbon foam, which has effective conductivity of 150 W/m K and porosity of 90%, was studied. This study explores how this high-conductivity carbon foam could enhance liquid convection heat transfer due to the thermal dispersion effect. A three-dimensional numerical study of the carbon foam cooler was carried out. The numerical results indicate that with a heat flux of 100 W/cm(2), the average temperature drop between the substrate and the liquid coolant remained below 20 degrees C. Related experimental study was also conducted and the data were compared with the numerical results. C1 [Cao, Yiding] Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Ponnappan, Rengasamy] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YD (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM caoy@fiu.edu FU NRC/AFOSR FX Funding for this project was provided in part through the NRC/AFOSR summer fellowship program and the experimental work was carried out at the AFRL Propulsion Directorate's Thermal Laboratory. The authors would like to thank the sponsoring organizations for their support. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Dick Harris, UDRI for preparing the test samples and Dr. Lanchao Lin, UES for his valuable suggestions to solve the substrate temperature measurement problem. Finally, the authors would like to thank Mr. Zhen Guo at Florida International University for his assistance in numerical calculation. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 313 EP 324 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 347SG UT WOS:000259160700004 ER PT J AU Fosbury, AM Crassidis, JL AF Fosbury, Adam M. Crassidis, John L. TI Relative navigation of air vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE; TRACKING; SYSTEM AB This paper derives the full equations of motion for relative navigation of air vehicles. An extended Kalman filter is used for estimating the relative position and attitude of two air vehicles designated leader and follower. All leader states are assumed known, whereas the relative states are estimated using line-of-sight measurements between the vehicles along with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower. Noise is present on all measurements, whereas biases are present only on the latter two. The global attitude is parameterized using a quaternion, whereas the local attitude error is given by a three-dimensional attitude representation. An application of the new theoretical developments is also given, which involves determining an optimal trajectory to improve the estimation accuracy of the system. A cost function is derived based upon the relative position elements of the estimator covariance. State constraints are appended to the cost function using an exponential term. Results show that minimization of this cost function yields a trajectory that improves accuracy of both the position and attitude state estimates. C1 [Fosbury, Adam M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Crassidis, John L.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. RP Fosbury, AM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; johnc@eng.buffalo.edu NR 34 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 824 EP 834 DI 10.2514/1.33698 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 324YW UT WOS:000257556300003 ER PT J AU Sigthorsson, DO Jankovsky, P Serrani, A Yurkovich, S Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Sigthorsson, David O. Jankovsky, Pete Serrani, Andrea Yurkovich, Stephen Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. TI Robust linear output feedback control of an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR PLACEMENT; CONTROL DESIGN; SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM; MODEL; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB This paper addresses issues related to robust output-feedback control for a model of an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle. The control objective is to provide robust velocity and altitude tracking in the presence of model uncertainties and varying flight conditions, using only limited state information. A baseline control design based on a robust full-order observer is shown to provide, in nonlinear simulations, insufficient robustness with respect to variations of the vehicle dynamics due to fuel consumption. An alternative approach to robust output-feedback design, which does not employ state estimation, is presented and shown to provide an increased level of performance. The proposed methodology reposes upon robust servomechanism theory and makes use of a novel internal model design. Robust compensation of the unstable zero dynamics of the plant is achieved by using measurements of pitch rate. The selection of the plant's output map by sensor placement is an integral part of the control design procedures, accomplished by preserving certain system structures that are favorable for robust control design. The performance of each controller is comparatively evaluated by means of simulations of a full nonlinear model of the vehicle dynamics and is tested on a given range of operating conditions. C1 [Sigthorsson, David O.; Jankovsky, Pete; Serrani, Andrea; Yurkovich, Stephen] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bolender, Michael A.; Doman, David B.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sigthorsson, DO (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 52 TC 112 Z9 137 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1066 DI 10.2514/1.32300 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 324YW UT WOS:000257556300024 ER PT J AU Tuder, D Frome, B Green, DP AF Tuder, Dmitry Frome, Britt Green, David P. TI Radiographic spectrum of severity in Madelung's deformity SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE deformity; Madelung; severity; x-ray AB Purpose To establish whether Madelung's deformity demonstrates a radiographic continuum of severity and whether a forme fruste does exist. Methods Ulnar tilt, lunate subsidence, palmar carpal displacement, and lunate fossa angle were measured in 81 wrist radiographs with obvious or suspected Madelung's deformity. Statistical analyses based on these measurements were performed to ascertain if there is a deformity continuum. Results Ranges of 15 degrees to 51 degrees (mean, 28 degrees) for ulnar tilt, -7 to +11 mm (mean, -0.8 mm) for Innate subsidence, 9 to 25 mm (mean, 15.3 mm) for palmar carpal displacement, and 20 degrees to 56 degrees (mean, 33 degrees) for lunate fossa angle were obtained. Significant correlations were observed between all measurements. Conclusions Madelung's deformity encompasses a spectrum of radiographic abnormality. C1 [Tuder, Dmitry] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Hand Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Tuder, D (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM digitdoc@gmail.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0363-5023 EI 1531-6564 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 33A IS 6 BP 900 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.01.031 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 337IU UT WOS:000258430600016 PM 18656763 ER PT J AU Catano, G Agan, BK Kulkarni, H Telles, V Marconi, VC Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Catano, Gabriel Agan, Brian K. Kulkarni, Hemant Telles, Vanessa Marconi, Vincent C. Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Independent effects of genetic variations in mannose-binding lectin influence the course of HIV disease: The advantage of heterozygosity for coding mutations SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; PROTEIN GENE; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; AIDS PROGRESSION; MODIFIER GENES; VIRAL-LOAD; IN-VITRO AB Background. The in vivo impact of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a molecule involved in innate immunity, on the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and AIDS is unknown. Methods. A total of 1102 HIV-positive and 2213 HIV-negative adult subjects were screened for polymorphisms in the coding and promoter regions of MBL2, the gene that encodes MBL. Results. Variations in MBL2 did not influence the risk of acquiring HIV-1. Heterozygosity for coding mutations (O allele) and homozygosity for the-221 promoter polymorphism (X allele) in MBL2 were associated with a delay in and an accelerated rate of disease progression, respectively. MBL2 variations influenced the rate of progression to AIDS-defining illnesses. In a multivariate model, the effects of MBL2 variations were independent of several parameters known to influence disease progression, including steady-state viral load, baseline CD4(+) T cell counts, and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test responses, an in vivo marker of cell-mediated immunity. The effects of MBL2 variations were most evident in those who possessed protective genotypes of CCR5 and a high copy number of CCL3L1, the most potent HIV-suppressive CCR5 ligand. Conclusions. MBL2 genotypes are independent determinants of HIV disease progression and heterozygosity for MBL2 coding mutations confer disease-retarding effects. MBL-dependent immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. C1 [Catano, Gabriel; Kulkarni, Hemant; Telles, Vanessa; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Vet Administrat Res Ctr AIDS & HIV 1 Infect, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Catano, Gabriel; Kulkarni, Hemant; Telles, Vanessa; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Catano, Gabriel; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, VA HIV AIDS Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM mdolan@idcrp.org; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI043279, HU0001-05-2-0011, R37 AI046326]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH069270] NR 48 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1086/588712 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311XD UT WOS:000256632800014 PM 18498240 ER PT J AU Makuria, AT Rushing, EJ McGrail, KM Hartmann, DP Azumi, N Ozdemirli, M AF Makuria, Addisalem T. Rushing, Elisabeth J. McGrail, Kevin M. Hartmann, Dan-Paul Azumi, Norio Ozdemirli, Metin TI Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) in adults: review of four cases SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult; atypical teratoid; rhabdoid; immunohistochemistry; INI1; hSNF5 ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHROMATIN REMODELING COMPLEX; SWI-SNF COMPLEX; TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMORS; WILMS-TUMOR; CELL-GROWTH; BRAIN; HSNF5/INI1; CHILDREN; ENTITY AB Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid (AT/RT) tumor is a rare, highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) most commonly found in children less than 5 years of age. Although the vast majority of cases are diagnosed in young children, there have been isolated case reports in adults. Since its histological appearance can be confused with other tumors, especially in adults, separating AT/RT from other neoplasms may be difficult. In many instances, a reliable diagnosis is not possible without demonstrating the lack of nuclear INI1 protein expression by immunohistochemical methods. The patients (three males and one female) ranged in age from 23 to 42 years (mean age, 32 years). Radiographically, two tumors were localized in the right fronto-parietal region, one was frontal and the other was found in the left temporal lobe. Varying degrees of hydrocephalus and heterogeneous enhancement were present on MRI. In all cases, diagnosis during intraoperative consultation and preliminary diagnosis was different from the final diagnosis after immunohistochemical analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin and reacted variably for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, CD34, and smooth muscle actin (SMA). All were negative for GFAP, S-100, desmin and CD99. Three of the four cases lacked nuclear expression of INI1. One patient is alive with no evidence of disease 17 years after the diagnosis. In adult examples of AT/RT, the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, with early tissue diagnosis and a low threshold for investigation with INI1 immunohistochemistry to differentiate this entity from other morphologically similar tumors. Although the prognosis is dismal in pediatric population, long term survival is possible in adult AT/RT cases after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. C1 [Makuria, Addisalem T.; Hartmann, Dan-Paul; Azumi, Norio; Ozdemirli, Metin] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Rushing, Elisabeth J.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol & Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [McGrail, Kevin M.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Ozdemirli, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, 3900 Reservoir Rd,NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM mo7@georgetown.edu NR 40 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-594X J9 J NEURO-ONCOL JI J. Neuro-Oncol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s11060-008-9571-z PG 10 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 307SZ UT WOS:000256339900011 PM 18369529 ER PT J AU Smith, R Lin, J Adelson, PD Kochanek, P Fink, E Wisniewski, S Bayir, H Clark, RSB Brown, D Bell, M AF Smith, Rebecca Lin, John Adelson, P. David Kochanek, Patrick Fink, Ericka Wisniewski, Stephan Bayir, Hulya Clark, Robert S. B. Brown, Danni Bell, Michael TI Effects of hyperglycemia on outcome in severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) in children SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual National-Neurotrauma-Society Symposium CY JUL 27-30, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Neurotrauma Soc C1 [Smith, Rebecca; Adelson, P. David; Kochanek, Patrick; Fink, Ericka; Wisniewski, Stephan; Bayir, Hulya; Clark, Robert S. B.; Brown, Danni; Bell, Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Lin, John] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RI Kochanek, Patrick/D-2371-2015 OI Kochanek, Patrick/0000-0002-2627-913X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 MA P117 BP 883 EP 883 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 326BX UT WOS:000257634000127 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Cheeks, JM AF Ross, Michael D. Cheeks, John M. TI Clinical decision making associated with an undetected odontoid fracture in an older individual referred to physical therapy for the treatment of neck pain SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE cervical spine; dens fracture; diagnostic imaging; differential diagnosis ID CERVICAL-SPINE INJURIES; PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY; ELDERLY PATIENTS; BLUNT TRAUMA; RISK-FACTORS; FALLS; COMMUNITY; SCREEN; REDUCE; RULE AB STUDY DESIGN: Resident's case problem. BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to provide the examination of and decision-making process for a patient who was referred to physical therapy for the treatment of neck pain following trauma. She was found to have an underlying odontoid fracture that precluded physical therapy intervention. DIAGNOSIS: This case involved a 73-year-old woman who had a sudden onset of neck and left upper extremity pain after a fall 15 days prior to her initial physical therapy visit. Conventional cervical spine radiographs completed I day prior to her initial physical therapy visit were negative for a fracture. However, several components of this patient's history and physical examination were consistent with a condition for which physical therapy intervention would not be indicated until more definitive cervical spine diagnostic imaging had been completed; more specifically, the physical therapist was primarily concerned about the possibility of an undetected fracture. The referring physician was contacted and immediate magnetic resonance imaging was requested, which revealed a type II fracture of the odontoid. Thirty-four days after her fall, the patient underwent a C1-C2 fusion. DISCUSSION: When evaluating patients with neck pain who have a history of cervical spine trauma, it is important that physical therapists understand the clinical findings associated with cervical spine fractures, as these findings provide guidance for the use of cervical spine diagnostic imaging and medical referral prior to implementing physical therapy interventions. C1 [Ross, Michael D.] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Cheeks, John M.] Univ Indianapolis, Krannert Sch Phys Therapy, Doctor Hlth Sci Program, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), 107 Glenn Ct, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM michael.ross2@travis.af.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.2519/jospt.2008.2687 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 327IW UT WOS:000257723800005 PM 18591762 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, LS Carter, CD Jackson, TA Williams, S Bamett, J Tam, CJ Baurle, RA Bivolaru, D Kuo, S AF Jacobsen, Lance S. Carter, Campbell D. Jackson, Thomas A. Williams, Skip Bamett, Jack Tam, Chung-Jen Baurle, Robert A. Bivolaru, Daniel Kuo, Spencer TI Plasma-assisted ignition in scramjets SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TORCH IGNITER AB This study assesses the prospect of main-fuel ignition with plasma-generating devices in a supersonic flow. Progress from this study has established baseline conditions for operation, such as the required operational time of a device to initiate a combustion shock train as predicted by computational fluid dynamics computations. Two plasma torches were investigated: a direct current constricted-arc design and an alternating current unconstricted-arc design based on a modified spark plug. Both plasma torches are realistic in size and operate within the same current and voltage constraints, although differing substantially in orifice geometry. to compare the potential of each concept, the flow physics of each part of the igniter/fuel-injector/combustor system was studied. To understand the constraints involved with the ignition process of a hydrocarbon fuel jet, an experimental effort to study gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons was conducted, involving the testing of ethylene and JP-7 fuels with nitrogen and air plasmas. Results from individual igniter studies have shown plasma igniters to produce hot pockets of highly excited gas with peak temperatures up to 5000 K at only 2 kW total input power. In addition, ethylene and JP-7 flames with a significant level of the hydroxyl radical, as determined by planar laser-induced fluorescence, were also produced in a Mach 2 supersonic flow with a total temperature and pressure of 590 K and 5.4 atm. Information from these experiments is being applied to the generation of constraints and the development of a configuration with perceived high ignition potential in full scramjet combustor testing. C1 [Jacobsen, Lance S.; Carter, Campbell D.; Jackson, Thomas A.; Williams, Skip; Bamett, Jack] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tam, Chung-Jen; Baurle, Robert A.] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Bivolaru, Daniel; Kuo, Spencer] Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Jacobsen, LS (reprint author), GoHYPERSONIC Inc, 714 E Monument Ave,Suite 201, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.2514/1.27358 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 327ID UT WOS:000257721900001 ER PT J AU Tucker, KC King, PI Schauer, FR AF Tucker, K. Colin King, Paul I. Schauer, Frederick R. TI Hydrocarbon fuel flash vaporization for pulsed detonation combustion SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES; AIR AB Practical operation of pulsed detonation propulsion requires operation on kerosene-based jet fuels. These low vapor pressure fuels remain in liquid form at typical pulsed detonation inlet conditions and residence times, and the subsequent presence of fuel droplets significantly slows the combustion and hinders engine operability. A fuel flash vaporization system was designed and built to reduce evaporation time and provide gaseous fuel to the pulsed detonation engine. Four fuels that vary in volatility were tested: n-heptane, isooctane, aviation gasoline, and JP-8. Results showed the flash vaporization system quickly provides a detonable mixture for all of the fuels tested without coking the fuel lines. A significant result of this work was the successful detonation of flash vaporized JP-8 in air over a range of fuel temperatures and fuel-to-air ratios. C1 [Tucker, K. Colin] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [King, Paul I.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schauer, Frederick R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tucker, KC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 788 EP 796 DI 10.2514/1.28412 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 327ID UT WOS:000257721900017 ER PT J AU Sommerville, JD King, LB Chiu, YH Dressler, RA AF Sommerville, Jason D. King, Lyon B. Chiu, Yu-Hui Dressler, Rainer A. TI Ion-collision emission excitation cross sections for xenon electric thruster plasmas SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE HALL THRUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; PLUME; FIELD AB Energetic xenon ion collisions with neutral xenon atoms play an important role in electric thruster plasma radiation at low electron temperatures. The respective emission excitation cross sections are necessary for the derivation of plasma parameters from the observed radiance. We present apparent emission excitation cross sections for near-infrared 5p(5)6p to 5p(5)6s transitions of neutral xenon impacted by singly and doubly charged xenon ions. The cross sections were measured over a laboratory energy-per-charge-number range of 100 to 900 eV, a range that covers typical Hall effect thruster discharge voltages. The cross sections are derived from ion beam luminescence spectra produced at single-collision conditions and at pressures for which radiation trapping effects were shown to be negligible. The Xe+ cross sections are significantly higher than those of Xe2+ and increase with energy throughout the investigated range. The Xe2+ cross sections plateau at approximately 600 eV. The cross sections are incorporated in a collisional-radiative model. The calculations of near-infrared spectra demonstrate that the sensitivity of the model diagnostic with respect to electron temperature increases with ion energy. C1 [Sommerville, Jason D.; King, Lyon B.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui; Dressler, Rainer A.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AF Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Sommerville, JD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.2514/1.33657 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 327ID UT WOS:000257721900027 ER PT J AU Phillips, GT Perram, GP AF Phillips, Grady T. Perram, Glen P. TI Pressure broadening by argon in the hyperfine resolved P(10) and P(70) (17,1) transitions of I(2) X(1)Sigma(0(g)(+))-> B(3)Pi(0(u)(+)) using sub-Doppler laser saturation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE sub-Doppler laser saturation spectroscopy; pressure broadening; hyperfine; iodine ID MOLECULAR-IODINE; DYE-LASER; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; ABSORPTION-LINES; 543 NM; FLUORESCENCE; I-127(2); LIFETIMES; STANDARD; SPECTRUM AB The dependence of pressure broadening upon hyperfine component in the P(10) and P(70) lines of the (17, 1) band of the I(2) X(1)Sigma(0(g)(+))-> B(3)Pi(0(u)(+)) has been studied using laser saturation spectroscopy. By limiting absorption to the zero velocity group, Doppler broadening is removed, lineshapes with widths (FWHM) < 9 MHz are detectable, and collision-induced broadening is measured at pressures of 0.2-1.2 Torr. The rates for broadening by argon are 8.3 +/- 0.3 and 10.7 +/- 0.4 MHz/ Torr for the P(70) and P(10) lines, respectively. No significant variation in broadening rates is observed for the 15 hyperfine components of these even rotational lines. The effects of velocity cross-relaxation introduce a broad baseline into the spectra, which is strongly dependent on rotational state, pressure, and laser modulation frequency. The observed broadening rates correlate well with prior measurements and the polarizability of the collision partner. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Phillips, Grady T.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 109 IS 10 BP 1875 EP 1885 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.12.011 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 313JZ UT WOS:000256738200012 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Arslanbekov, RR Kolobov, VI Gimelshein, SF AF Josyula, Eswar Arslanbekov, Robert R. Kolobov, Vladimir I. Gimelshein, Sergey F. TI Evaluation of kinetic/continuum solver for hypersonic nozzle-plume flow SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; RAREFIED-GAS DYNAMICS; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; CONVERGENCE PROOF; DIATOMIC GASES; CONTINUUM; NITROGEN AB The objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive capability and numerical efficiency of a newly developed combined kinetic/continuum approach incorporated in the unified flow solver in application to complex expanding nozzle-plume flows. The results of numerical simulations of a steady-state nitrogen flow expanding from a hypersonic nozzle into a low-density stagnant gas are presented. The Euler equations are solved in high-density continuum regions, whereas the direct solution of the Boltzmann equation is conducted in the low-density noncontinuum regions. The appropriate set of equations, kinetic or continuum, are solved using a dynamically adaptive mesh and an automatic domain decomposition feature. The nozzle rotational and vibrational temperature predictions are compared with existing temperature data obtained in the NASA Electric Arc Shock Tube facility. A direct simulation Monte Carlo solver, SMILE, was run for the plume domain to provide a reference numerical solution. Detailed comparison of united flow solver predictions of plume macroparameters with those of SMILE is satisfactory in the majority of the flowfield; in other parts, however, the differences are significant and clearly demonstrate the need for proper treatment of the numerical parameters in the two methodologies. C1 [Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arslanbekov, Robert R.; Kolobov, Vladimir I.] CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Gimelshein, Sergey F.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 665 EP 676 DI 10.2514/1.35431 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 336UH UT WOS:000258389600002 ER PT J AU Bayley, DJ Hartfield, RJ Burkhalter, JE Jenkins, RM AF Bayley, Douglas J. Hartfield, Roy J., Jr. Burkhalter, John E. Jenkins, Rhonald M. TI Design optimization of a space launch vehicle using a genetic algorithm SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 48th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference/3rd AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 23-26, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB This paper describes an effort to optimize the design of an entire space launch vehicle to low Earth (circular) orbit, consisting of multiple stages using a genetic algorithm with the goal of minimizing vehicle weight and ultimately vehicle cost. The entire launch vehicle system is analyzed using various multistage configurations to reach low Earth orbit. Specifically, three- and four-stage solid propellant vehicles have been analyzed. The vehicle performance modeling requires that analysis from four separate disciplines be integrated into the design optimization process. The disciplines of propulsion characteristics, aerodynamics, mass properties, and flight dynamics have been integrated to produce a high-fidelity system model of the entire vehicle. In addition, the system model has been validated using the existing launch vehicle data. The cost model is mass based and uses extensive historical data to produce a cost estimating relationship for a solid propellant vehicle. For the design optimization, the goal is for the genetic algorithm to minimize the differences between the desired and actual orbital parameters. This ensures that the payload achieves the desired orbit. One final goal is to minimize the overall vehicle mass, thus minimizing the system cost per launch. This paper will represent the first effort of its kind to minimize the solid propellant launch vehicle cost at the preliminary design level using a genetic algorithm. C1 [Bayley, Douglas J.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hartfield, Roy J., Jr.; Burkhalter, John E.; Jenkins, Rhonald M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Bayley, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.2514/1.35318 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 336UH UT WOS:000258389600008 ER PT J AU Bulutoglu, DA Ryan, KJ AF Bulutoglu, Dursun A. Ryan, Kenneth J. TI E(s(2))-optimal supersaturated designs with good minimax properties when N is odd SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE CNOA(p) and NOA(p) exchange algorithms; cyclically generated design; lower bound; minimax criterion; supersaturated design (SSD) ID CONSTRUCTION AB An improved E(s(2)) lower bound is derived for two-level supersaturated designs (SSDs) with an odd number of runs. The new bound is used to prove E(s(2))-optimality of SSDs with N = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 runs found via the NOA(p) exchange algorithms. Tailored to find cyclically generated E(s(2))-optimal SSDs, the CNOA(p) exchange algorithms are introduced; search results are compared to related literature. Exchange algorithms that promote the finding of SSDs which are simultaneously optimal (or near optimal) wrt E(s(2)) and minimax criteria are discussed. Proving the minimax optimality of E(s(2))-optimal SSDs is also discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bulutoglu, Dursun A.] USAF, Inst Technol, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Kenneth J.] Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Bulutoglu, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dursun.bulutoglu@afit.edu; kjryan@bgsu.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1754 EP 1762 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2007.06.026 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 285ZH UT WOS:000254814200017 ER PT J AU Fair, GE Hay, RS Boakye, EE AF Fair, Geoff E. Hay, Randall S. Boakye, Emmanuel E. TI Precipitation coating of rare-earth orthophosphates on woven ceramic fibers-effect of rare-earth cation on coating morphology and coated fiber strength SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MONAZITE COATINGS; OXIDE COMPOSITES; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; TENSILE-STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; XENOTIME; ALUMINA; INTERFACES AB Monazite (La, Ce, Nd, and GdPO(4)) and xenotime (Tb, Dy, and YPO(4)) coatings were deposited on woven Nextel((TM)) 610 and 720 fibers by heterogeneous precipitation from a rare-earth citrate/phosphoric acid precursor. Coating phases and microstructure were characterized by SEM and TEM, and coated fiber strength was measured after heat treatment at 1200 degrees C for 2 h. Coated fiber strength increased with decreasing ionic radius of the rare-earth cation in the monazite and xenotime coatings, and correlates with the high-temperature weight loss and the densification rate of the coatings. Dense coatings with trapped porosity and high weight loss at a high temperature degrade fiber strength the most. The degradation is consistent with stress corrosion driven by thermal residual stress from coating precursor decomposition products trapped in the coating at a high temperature. C1 [Fair, Geoff E.; Hay, Randall S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Boakye, Emmanuel E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoff.fair@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2117 EP 2123 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02431.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100007 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK Fair, GE Kerans, RJ AF Cinibulk, Michael K. Fair, Geoff E. Kerans, Ronald J. TI High-temperature stability of lanthanum orthophosphate (monazite) on silicon carbide at low oxygen partial pressures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; OXIDE COMPOSITES; FIBER STRENGTH; SIC FIBERS; PASSIVE TRANSITION; THERMAL-STABILITY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; STRESS RUPTURE AB The stability of lanthanum orthophosphate (LaPO(4)) on SiC was investigated using a LaPO(4)-coated SiC fiber at 1200 degrees-1400 degrees C at low oxygen partial pressures. A critical oxygen partial pressure exists below which LaPO(4) is reduced in the presence of SiC and reacts to form La(2)O(3) or La(2)Si(2)O(7) and SiO(2) as the solid reaction products. The critical oxygen partial pressure increases from similar to 0.5 Pa at 1200 degrees C to similar to 50 Pa at 1400 degrees C. Above the critical oxygen partial pressure, a thin SiO(2) film, which acts as a reaction barrier, exists between the SiC fiber and the LaPO(4) coating. Continuous LaPO(4) coatings and high strengths were obtained for coated fibers that were heated at or below 1300 degrees C and just above the critical oxygen partial pressure for each temperature. At temperatures above 1300 degrees C, the thin LaPO(4) coating becomes morphologically unstable due to free-energy minimization as the grain size reaches the coating thickness, which allows the SiO(2) oxidation product to penetrate the coating. C1 [Cinibulk, Michael K.; Fair, Geoff E.; Kerans, Ronald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.cinibulk@wpafb.af.mil NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2290 EP 2297 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02409.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100034 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Bulmer, J Brunke, L Burke, J Baca, J Yost, K Barnes, R AF Varanasi, C. V. Bulmer, J. Brunke, L. Burke, J. Baca, J. Yost, K. Barnes, R. TI Growth and characterization of carbon nanotubes on constantan (Cu-Ni-Mn alloy) metallic substrates without adding additional catalysts SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID THERMAL CVD AB In this study, metallic constantan (Cu55-Ni44-Mn1 wt %) alloy substrates were investigated as an alternate choice of substrates to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs). No additional catalysts were used other than the as-rolled and annealed substrates to process CNTs on them. High density CNT growth was observed to take place on these substrates when suitable conditions were used in a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace with C2H2 as the carbon precursor. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on these samples indicated the presence of several micron long CNTs ranging in 20- 100 nm in diameter. Raman spectra taken from the samples confirmed the presence of G band peaks (peak at similar to 1580 cm(-1)) and D band peaks (peak at similar to 1320 cm(-1)) commonly observed in CVD grown multiwall CNT samples with varying intensity ratios depending on the processing conditions. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Varanasi, C. V.; Brunke, L.; Burke, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bulmer, J.; Baca, J.; Yost, K.; Barnes, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 832 EP 835 DI 10.1116/1.2841520 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200045 ER PT J AU Chen, B Thomsen, SL Thomas, RJ Oliver, J Welch, AJ AF Chen, Bo Thomsen, Sharon L. Thomas, Robert J. Oliver, Jeffrey Welch, Ashley J. TI Histological and modeling study of skin thermal injury to 2.0 mu m laser irradiation SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE birefringence; collagen coagulation; damage model; epidermal necrosis; laser injury; laser safety; skin damage; vascular thrombosis; Yucatan mini-pig ID THULIUM FIBER LASER; DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; TISSUE AB Background and Objective: Qualitative and quantitative gross histopathologic studies of skin damage were performed at 48 hours after irradiation with a 2.0 mu m thulium CW laser to determine the mechanisms of laser effects in the skin under various exposure conditions. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Pig skin lesions were created at, below and beyond the threshold irradiation conditions for grossly apparent thermal lesions. Histological sections of these lesions were studied. For each threshold lesion, four quantitative histopathlogical parameters were measured: the widths of (1) epidermal necrosis at the surface, (2) the outer boundary of the thrombosis zone, (3) the depth of vascular thrombosis, and (4) the depth of perivascular inflammation (increased infiltrates of inflammatory cells) and edema. The quantitative histopathologic data were compared with predictions using an optical-thermal-damage model. Results: Histologically, the thermal damage mechanisms for grossly apparent threshold lesions of persistent redness at 48 hours included necrosis of the epidermal cells, intravascular thrombosis and perivascular inflammation and edema in dermal blood vessels. At irradiation levels just below 'gross threshold', non-lethal thermal effects, such as perivascular inflammation and edema were found in the histological sections. When the radiation reached about 1.5-2.5 times beyond the threshold, decrease of dermal collagen birefringence was observed. Conclusions: A sequence of damage endpoints was defined in the skin as power increased. By choosing rate process coefficients to match specific mechanisms of lethal thermal damage, the optical-thermal-damage model is capable of predicting various types of thermal injury in the skin, such as epidermal necrosis, vascular thrombosis, and dermal collagen coagulation. C1 [Chen, Bo; Welch, Ashley J.] Univ Texas Austin, Biomed Engn Laser Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Thomsen, Sharon L.] Pathol Consultant Engn & Physicists, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.; Oliver, Jeffrey] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Biomed Engn Laser Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM chenbo@mail.utexas.edu OI Oliver, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8226-7152 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 358 EP 370 DI 10.1002/lsm.20630 PG 13 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 321AH UT WOS:000257275900009 PM 18563778 ER PT J AU Knopp, JS AF Knopp, Jeremy S. TI Inverse problems in NDT: An introduction to the technical focus issue SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 7 BP 739 EP 739 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 326SN UT WOS:000257679300004 ER PT J AU Liu, X Deng, YM Zeng, ZW Udpa, L Knopp, JS AF Liu, Xin Deng, Yiming Zeng, Zhiwei Udpa, Lalita Knopp, Jeremy S. TI Model based inversion using the element-free Galerkin method SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE nondestructive testing; eddy current; meshless methods; element-free Galerkin method; inverse problem; state space representation AB A model based iterative inversion technique in nondestructive testing for discontinuity profile reconstruction using the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is presented in this paper. The advantage of the EFG method over the traditional finite element model is that it relies on a set of nodes instead of a complex mesh to discretize the solution domain. Consequently, only a small number of nodes that represent the discontinuity profile need to be updated in each iteration. This in turn avoids the use of a dense mesh or labor-intensive remeshing procedure and results in increased efficacy and accuracy of solution. The formulation of the forward EFG model and results of discontinuity profiling using an approach based on state space search are presented. C1 [Liu, Xin; Deng, Yiming; Zeng, Zhiwei; Udpa, Lalita] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2120 Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM liuxin2@msu.edu RI Deng, Yiming/B-3698-2010; Zeng, Zhiwei/G-3385-2010 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 7 BP 740 EP 746 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 326SN UT WOS:000257679300005 ER PT J AU Yoder, NC Adams, DE Triplett, M AF Yoder, Nathanael C. Adams, Douglas E. Triplett, Matt TI Multidimensional sensing for impact load and damage evaluation in a carbon filament wound canister SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE inverse problems; impact identification; nonlinear impact modulation ID ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; INTERPOLATION; FORCE; FFT; LOCATION AB Several issues concerning the health monitoring of a carbon filament wound missile canister using inverse methods are investigated in this paper. A frequency response function model relating 36 different input forcing functions distributed across the canister to three mutually orthogonal acceleration responses was identified experimentally using modal impact testing. To create a more refined model while limiting the number of required experiments, the acquired frequency response functions were interpolated to generate new data at non-measured degrees of freedom on the canister. An iterative algorithm was developed to overcome the underdetermined nature of the force identification problem by utilizing the coupling inherent in the triaxial measurements. Over 99% of the trial impacts were correctly localized. The detection of cracks through nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy was then investigated because, unlike the modal vibration response, modulation was shown to be largely unaffected by changes in the canister's modal characteristics. Despite drastic changes in the canister's operating environment, the use of multidirectional measurements made it possible to detect a crack using impact modulation. C1 [Yoder, Nathanael C.; Adams, Douglas E.] Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Triplett, Matt] USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yoder, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, 140 S Intramural Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM deadams@purdue.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 7 BP 756 EP 763 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 326SN UT WOS:000257679300007 ER PT J AU Koerner, H White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA AF Koerner, Hilmar White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. TI Photogenerating work from polymers SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE ELASTOMERS; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; AZOBENZENE; ACTUATORS; LIGHT; NANOCOMPOSITES; SURFACE; COMPOSITES; CONVERSION; RANGE AB The ability to control the creation of mechanical work remotely, with high speed and spatial precision, over long distances, offers many intriguing possibilities. Recent developments in photoresponsive polymers and nanocomposite concepts are at the heart of these future devices. Whether driving direct conformational changes, initiating reversible chemical reactions to release stored strain, or converting a photon to a local temperature increase, combinations of photoactive units, nanoparticles, ordered mesophases, and polymeric networks are providing an expansive array of photoresponsive polymer options for mechanical devices. Framing the typically geometry-specific observations into an applied engineering vocabulary will ultimately define the role of these materials in future actuator applications, ranging from microfluidic valves in medical devices to optically controlled mirrors in displays. C1 [Koerner, Hilmar; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [White, Timothy J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 60 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 7-8 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(08)70147-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 322FR UT WOS:000257361100016 ER PT J AU Glavicic, MG Goetz, RL Barker, DR Shen, G Furrer, D Woodfield, A Semiatin, SL AF Glavicic, M. G. Goetz, R. L. Barker, D. R. Shen, G. Furrer, D. Woodfield, A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Modeling of texture evolution during hot forging of alpha/beta titanium alloys (vol 39A, pg 887, 2008) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Glavicic, M. G.; Goetz, R. L.; Barker, D. R.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Shen, G.; Furrer, D.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. [Woodfield, A.] Gen Elect Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glavicic, MG (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM michael.glavicic@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39A IS 7 BP 1759 EP 1759 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9559-5 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 304AD UT WOS:000256081500033 ER PT J AU Covert, L Lin, J Janning, D Dalrymple, T AF Covert, Lance Lin, Jenshan Janning, Dan Dalrymple, Thomas TI 5.8 GHZ orientation-specific extruded-fin heatsink antennas for 3D RF system integration SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antenna efficiency; antenna gain; heatsink; high-density packaging; patch antenna; power amplifier AB In high-power RF transmitter applications, the heatsink can be used as an antenna for improved antenna performance and increased integration. Extruded-fin heatsink antennas designed at 5.8 GHz are orientation-specific when the heatsink base replaces the patch of a patch antenna. In this case, the orientation of the fins with respect to the patch edges plays a significant role in the antenna performance and must be considered. The results show that the heatsink antenna using a lossy, low-cost FR4 substrate increases the bandwidth from 3.1 to 17.6% and radiation efficiency from 62 to 87% compared with the patch antenna on the same substrate. Also, the orientation has a significant effect on the directivity, gain, and radiation pattern. By combining two functions into one structure, the component count in a system is reduced and the antenna performance can be improved. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Janning, Dan; Dalrymple, Thomas] AF Res Lab, SNDR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Covert, Lance; Lin, Jenshan] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Covert, L (reprint author), AF Res Lab, SNDR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM lcovert@ufl.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1826 EP 1831 DI 10.1002/mop.23478 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 300DA UT WOS:000255803300032 ER PT J AU O'Hara, R Eveland, E Fortuna, S Reilly, P Pohlman, R AF O'Hara, Reginald Eveland, Ed Fortuna, Sarah Reilly, Patricia Pohlman, Roberta TI Current and future cooling technologies used in preventing heat illness and improving work capacity for battlefield soldiers: Review of the literature SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PROLONGED EXERCISE; HYPERTHERMIA; TOLERANCE; HUMANS; BRAIN; NECK AB Objective: The goals were to review the effectiveness of current cooling technologies used on the battlefield to reduce or to prevent heat illness in soldiers and to discuss possible alternative or improved cooling methods. Methods: A search of the literature for 1990-2007 was performed by using the Air Force Institute of Technology and Air Force Research Laboratory search engines. Results: Several current cooling technologies are modestly effective in attenuating brain and core body temperatures, but the cooling effects are not sustained and the devices present operational problems. This review indicates that some Current cooling devices are effective in lowering perceived efforts and lengthening maximal exercise time but are incompatible with current demands. Conclusions: Many of the cooling methods and devices detailed in the literature are impractical for use in the field. Future research should focus on cooling technologies that are practical in the battlefield and have sustainable cooling effects. C1 [O'Hara, Reginald; Eveland, Ed; Fortuna, Sarah; Reilly, Patricia] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pohlman, Roberta] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP O'Hara, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 173 IS 7 BP 653 EP 657 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328CH UT WOS:000257774600008 PM 18700599 ER PT J AU Klein, DA Adelman, WP AF Klein, David A. Adelman, William P. TI Adolescent pregnancy in the US military: What we know and what we need to know SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; ABSTINENCE-ONLY EDUCATION; EARLY SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; WOMENS HEALTH-CARE; DEPENDENT ADOLESCENTS; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; UNPLANNED PREGNANCY; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; IMPROVED OUTCOMES; PRETERM DELIVERY AB Adolescent pregnancy is a significant public health problem in the United States, but little is known about this condition in military-affiliated populations. This article reviews what is known about adolescent pregnancy among (1) dependent children of active duty and retired personnel and (2) active duty military personnel. Sparse and conflicting evidence exists regarding the prevalence of, the risk factors for, and the impacts of pregnancy in the dependent child population. Limited evidence regarding active duty service members reveals risky behavior by young military personnel, failure to effectively use contraception, and resulting pregnancies that consume military resources and diminish deployability and retention. We suggest research questions for further study that could lead to interventions targeting unintended adolescent pregnancy and its attendant tolls on health, budgets, military readiness, and fighting strength. C1 [Klein, David A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Adelman, William P.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Adelman, William P.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Klein, DA (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 90 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 173 IS 7 BP 658 EP 665 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328CH UT WOS:000257774600009 PM 18700600 ER PT J AU LaJoie, M Laing, A AF LaJoie, Mark Laing, Arlene TI The influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on cloud-to-ground lightning activity along the Gulf Coast. Part I: Lightning climatology SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; DETECTION NETWORK; DISTRIBUTIONS; FLORIDA; PATTERNS; UPGRADE AB Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes from the National Lightning Detection Network are analyzed to determine if the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle influences lighting activity along the Gulf Coast region. First, an updated climatology of lightning was developed for the region. Flash density maps are constructed from an 8-yr dataset (1995-2002) and compared with past lightning climatologies. Second, lightning variability is compared with the phases of ENSO. Winter lightning distributions are compared with one published study of ENSO and lightning days in the Southeast. Flash density patterns are, overall, consistent with past U. S. lightning climatology. However, the peak flash density for the annual mean was less than observed in previous climatologies, which could be due to the disproportionately large percentage of cool ENSO periods compared to previous lightning climatologies. The highest annual lightning counts were observed in 1997, which consisted of mostly warm ENSO seasons; the 1997-98 El Nino was one of the strongest on record. The lowest lightning counts were observed in 2000, which had mostly cool or neutral phases of ENSO including the lowest Nino-3.4 anomaly of the study period. Analysis of winter season lightning flash densities substantiated the role of the ENSO cycle in winter season lightning fluctuations. Winter lightning activity increased dramatically during the 1997 -98 El Nino. The lowest winter flash densities are associated with cool ENSO phases. Although 8 yr is inadequate to establish a long-term pattern, results indicate that ENSO influences lightning and that further study is warranted. As more years of lightning data are acquired, a more complete climatology can be developed. C1 [Laing, Arlene] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [LaJoie, Mark] USAF, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Laing, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM laing@ucar.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2523 EP 2542 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2227.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900015 ER PT J AU Laing, A LaJoie, M Reader, S Pfeiffer, K AF Laing, Arlene LaJoie, Mark Reader, Steven Pfeiffer, Karl TI The influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on cloud-to-ground lightning activity along the Gulf Coast. Part II: Monthly correlations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; US TEMPERATURE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; HURRICANES; DAMAGES; EVENT AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle is known to influence weather and climate along the Gulf Coast region, causing anomalously high precipitation during El Nino winters. This region is also known for having the highest lightning flash density in the United States. An 8-yr dataset (1995 -2002) of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes was analyzed to determine if the ENSO cycle influences lighting activity along the Gulf Coast region. Simple Pearson's correlations were computed between concurrent monthly pairings of Nino-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) and CG lightning flash deviation values from the study area. The correlation results are mapped and analyzed for links to meteorological features. Statistically significant correlation values greater than 0.8 were noted over large swaths of the study area during each winter month. The highest correlations were arranged in banded swaths and associated with regions of low flash densities during December and February. In January, areas of high correlation were spatially coincident with areas of enhanced flash density. Both the enhanced CG flash regions and high correlation values and patterns are indicative of a southerly shift in the midlatitude storm track known to occur during warm ENSO events. During the spring and summer, most of the region has weak correlation with ENSO except for August, which has a large area of negative correlations. These findings indicate that lightning increases during La Nina summers. Correlation patterns in late fall are similar to those of winter. The ENSO-lightning relationship has implications for hazard assessment and can be a useful tool for long-term seasonal planning. C1 [Laing, Arlene] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [LaJoie, Mark] USAF, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Reader, Steven] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Pfeiffer, Karl] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Laing, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM laing@ucar.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2544 EP 2556 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2228.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900016 ER PT J AU Caefer, CE Silverman, J Orthal, O Antonelli, D Sharoni, Y Rotman, SR AF Caefer, Charlene E. Silverman, Jerry Orthal, Oded Antonelli, Dani Sharoni, Yaron Rotman, Stanley R. TI Improved covariance matrices for point target detection in hyperspectral data SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; point target detection; covariance matrix; Mahalanobis distance ID IMAGERY AB Our goals in hyperspectral point target detection have been to develop a methodology for algorithm comparison and to advance point target detection algorithms through the fundamental understanding of spatial and spectral statistics. In this paper, we review our methodology as well as present new metrics. We demonstrate improved performance by making better estimates of the covariance matrix. We have found that the use of covariance matrices of statistical stationary segments in the matched-filter algorithm improves the receiver operating characteristic curves; proper segment selection for each pixel should be based on its neighboring pixels. We develop a new type of local covariance matrix, which can be implemented in principal-component space and which also shows improved performance based on our metrics. Finally, methods of fusing the segmentation approach with the local covariance matrix dramatically improve performance at low false-alarm rates while maintaining performance at higher false-alarm rates. (c) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Caefer, Charlene E.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Infrared Sensor Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Silverman, Jerry; Rotman, Stanley R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Orthal, Oded; Antonelli, Dani; Sharoni, Yaron; Rotman, Stanley R.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Caefer, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Infrared Sensor Technol Branch, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM charlene.caefer@hanscom.af.mil RI ROTMAN, STANLEY/F-1390-2012 FU Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics and Industrial Manufacturing, Beer-Sheva, Israel; AFOSR [2305BN00]; Solid State Scientific Corporation [F19628-03-C-0114] FX The cameras used to collect the Vis-NIR and MWIR data were designed and fabricated by William Ewing and Steven DiSalvo of AFRL/RYHI and Jonathan Mooney and Toby Reeves of Solid State Scientific Corp. The HYDICE data were provided by the Spectral Information Technology Application Center (SITAC). We would like to thank Clement Wong and Karen Duseau for software support. We are grateful to Linda Bouthillette for graphic assistance. This work was partially supported by the Paul Ivanier Center for Robotics and Industrial Manufacturing, Beer-Sheva, Israel. This work was carried out under Dr. Donald Silversmith's AFOSR Task 2305BN00 and Solid State Scientific Corporation contract F19628-03-C-0114. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 AR 076402 DI 10.1117/1.2965814 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 344VA UT WOS:000258954200024 ER PT J AU Sambora, M Martin, RK AF Sambora, Matthew Martin, Richard K. TI Exploiting correlations in projection-based image registration SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE image registration; motion estimation; vector projection ID DESIGN; PERFORMANCE AB Projection-based image registration algorithms use the sum of the pixel values along a given axis of an image to detect spatial changes in temporally separated images. These algorithms have been shown to be computationally efficient and effective for aligning temporally separated images and for visually detecting sensor motion. Registering images via projections has also been shown as a method for overcoming registration errors caused by the presence of fixed pattern noise. This work describes a method that exploits the statistical properties of images with significant local correlation to improve the performance of projection-based image registration algorithms. The algorithm is shown to operate in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and to significantly improve registration performance by as much as a factor of 5.5 in mean squared error over existing projection-based registration algorithms at a minimal computational cost. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sambora, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.sambora@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratories; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Martin is funded in part by the Air Force Research Laboratories, Sensors Directorate, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and Michael Veth for providing the aerial photographs. The opinions and views expressed by the author are not necessarily those of the Department of Defense or the United States Air Force. This document has been approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 AR 077005 DI 10.1117/1.2957973 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 344VA UT WOS:000258954200029 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Baker, MT McCarthy, KR AF Peterson, Alan L. Baker, Monty T. McCarthy, Kelly R. TI Combat stress casualties in Iraq. Part 1: Behavioral health consultation at an Expeditionary Medical Group SO PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE LA English DT Article DE aeromedical evacuation; behavioral health consultation; combat stress; organizational health consultation ID AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION; SOLDIERS; AFGHANISTAN; PERSPECTIVE; EXPERIENCE; DEPLOYMENT; INJURY; WAR AB PURPOSE. We review the role of military mental health professionals in consulting with inpatient medical patients and staff at a combat hospital and aeromedical evacuation staging, facility in Iraq. CONCLUSIONS. Behavioral health consultation with medical and surgical patients during hospitalization and prior to aeromedical evacuation can help identify patients with combat stress exposure that may require future mental health follow-up. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Extensive use of civilian mental health practitioners including nurse psychotherapists and psychiatric nurse practitioners will be needed to provide psychiatric care for the large number of U.S. veterans who return from deployment with combat stress related disorders. C1 [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Clin Hlth Psychol Res, Willard Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [McCarthy, Kelly R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Clin Hlth Psychol Res, Willard Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM petersona3@uthscsa.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-5990 J9 PERSPECT PSYCHIATR C JI Perspect. Psychiatr. Care PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2008.00169.x PG 13 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA 322OS UT WOS:000257385800002 PM 18577120 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Baker, MT McCarthy, KR AF Peterson, Alan L. Baker, Monty T. McCarthy, Kelly R. TI Combat stress casualties in Iraq. Part 2: Psychiatric screening prior to aeromedical evacuation SO PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE LA English DT Article DE aeromedical staging facility; military deployment; psychiatric screening ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; DISORDER SYMPTOMS; VIETNAM VETERANS; MILITARY; CARE; PTSD; WAR; AFGHANISTAN; ATTRITION; DIAGNOSES AB TOPIC. Exposure to combat-related trauma is a leading cause of posttraumatic stress disorder. Deployed military mental health practitioners serve important roles in the assessment, diagnosis, and aeromedical evacuation of psychiatric patients from the combat zone. PURPOSE. To review the role of military mental health professionals working with psychiatric patients at a combat hospital and aeromedical staging facility in Iraq. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. Military operating instructions, existing theoretical and research literature, and personal experiences of the authors while deployed to Iraq. CONCLUSIONS. Psychiatric screening can help reduce risk in potentially unstable mental health patients prior to aeromedical evacuation. Civilian nurse psychotherapists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses will be needed to provide psychiatric follow-up care for the large number of military veterans returning from combat. C1 [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Clin Hlth Psychol Res, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [McCarthy, Kelly R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Clin Hlth Psychol Res, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM petersona3@uthscsa.edu NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-5990 J9 PERSPECT PSYCHIATR C JI Perspect. Psychiatr. Care PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2008.00170.x PG 10 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA 322OS UT WOS:000257385800003 PM 18577121 ER PT J AU Huang, D Alsing, PM AF Huang, Danhong Alsing, P. M. TI Many-body effects on optical carrier cooling in intrinsic semiconductors at low lattice temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; LASERS; SPECTRA; FIELD AB Based on the coupled density and energy balance equations, a dynamical model is proposed for exploring many-body effects on optical carrier cooling (not lattice cooling) in steady state in comparison with the earlier findings of current-driven carrier cooling in doped semiconductors [X. L. Lei and C. S. Ting, Phys. Rev. B 32, 1112 (1985)] and tunneling-driven carrier cooling through discrete levels of a quantum dot [H. L. Edwards , Phys. Rev. B 52, 5714 (1995)]. This dynamical carrier-cooling process is mediated by a photoinduced nonthermal electron-hole composite plasma in an intrinsic semiconductor under a thermal contact with a low-temperature external heat bath, which is a generalization of the previous theory for a thermal electron-hole plasma [H. Haug and S. Schmitt-Rink, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, 1135 (1985)]. The important roles played by the many-body effects such as band-gap renormalization, screening, and excitonic interaction are fully included and analyzed by calculating the optical-absorption coefficient, spontaneous emission spectrum, and thermal-energy exchange through carrier-phonon scattering. Both the optical carrier cooling and heating are found with increasing pump-laser intensity when the laser photon energy is set below and above the band gap of an intrinsic semiconductor. In addition, the switching from carrier cooling to carrier heating is predicted when the frequency detuning of a pump laser changes from below the band gap to above the band gap. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Alsing, P. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 035206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.035206 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YU UT WOS:000258190300071 ER PT J AU Trinkle, DR AF Trinkle, D. R. TI Lattice Green function for extended defect calculations: Computation and error estimation with long-range forces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO SIMULATION; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PHONON DISPERSIONS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; BCC MO; METALS; CONSTANTS AB Computing the atomic geometry of lattice defects-e.g., point defects, dislocations, crack tips, surfaces, or boundaries-requires an accurate coupling of the local deformations to the long-range elastic field. Periodic or fixed boundary conditions used by classical potentials or density-functional theory may not accurately reproduce the correct bulk response to an isolated defect; this is especially true for dislocations. Flexible boundary conditions have been developed to produce the correct long-range strain field from a defect-effectively "embedding" a finite-sized defect with infinite bulk response, isolating it from either periodic images or free surfaces. Flexible boundary conditions require the calculation of the bulk response with the lattice Green function (LGF). While the LGF can be computed from the force-constant matrix, the force-constant matrix is only known to a maximum range. This paper illustrates how to accurately calculate the lattice Green function and estimate the error using a truncated force-constant matrix combined with knowledge of the long-range behavior of the lattice Green function. The effective range of deviation of the lattice Green function from the long-range elastic behavior provides an important length scale in multiscale quasicontinuum and flexible boundary-condition calculations, and measures the error introduced with periodic-boundary conditions. C1 [Trinkle, D. R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trinkle, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dtrinkle@illinois.edu RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 014110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.014110 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YR UT WOS:000258190000043 ER PT J AU Franz, AL Roy, R Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Franz, Anthony L. Roy, Rajarshi Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Effect of multiple time delays on intensity fluctuation dynamics in fiber ring lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COUPLED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION; POLARIZATION DYNAMICS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; ATTRACTORS; TURBULENCE; STRIPE AB The effect of time delay on nonlinear oscillators is an important problem in the study of dynamical systems. The dynamics of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser with an extra loop providing time-delayed feedback is studied experimentally by measuring the intensity of the laser. The delay time for the feedback is varied from similar to 0.3 to similar to 900 times the cavity round-trip time, over four orders of magnitude, by changing the length of fiber in the delay line. Depending on the delay, we observe either regular oscillations or complex dynamics. The size of the fluctuations increases for delays long compared with the round-trip time of the laser cavity. The complexity of the fluctuations is quantified by creating spatiotemporal representations of the time series and performing a Karhunen-Loeve decomposition. The complexity increases with increasing delay time. The experiment is extended by mutually coupling two fiber ring lasers together. The delay time for the mutual coupling is varied from similar to 0.2 to similar to 600 times the cavity round-trip time, over four orders of magnitude again. In this case the fluctuations are generally larger than the single laser case. The complexity of the dynamics for the mutually coupled system is less at short delays and larger at long delays when compared to the uncoupled case. The width of the optical spectra of the coupled lasers also narrows. C1 [Franz, Anthony L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Franz, AL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; OI Franz, Anthony/0000-0002-0112-0667 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 016208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.016208 PN 2 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 333UV UT WOS:000258179000031 PM 18764036 ER PT J AU Alliband, A Lenz, DW Stevenson, LE Whitmer, T Cash, R Burns, D Hall, S Stevenson, WTK AF Alliband, Amanda Lenz, Daniel W. Stevenson, Laura E. Whitmer, Travis Cash, Rex Burns, Dennis Hall, Sarah Stevenson, William T. K. TI Epoxy paint failure in B-52 fuel tanksPart II. Influence of DIEGME concentration in the fuel on the failure process SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE JP-8; JP-5; B-52; BMS10-39; epoxy; paint; DIEGME; FSII; brown rain AB A model has been proposed to explain the failure of the original BMS10-39 epoxy paint on upper vertical surfaces in B-52 fuel tanks. The model involves interaction of the paint with DIEGME, a fuel system ice inhibitor (FSII) in jet fuel, that is distilled from the liquid fuel. In this communication, distillation experiments used to support the model are refined to better match the mass transfer of vapor from fuel in a B-52 fuel tank at close to room temperature. The interaction of these lower temperature distillates with the paint affirms the earlier model. On the basis of these experiments it is proposed that paint failure may be controlled or eliminated by reducing the level of DIEGME in the fuel. Proposed changes in military jet fuel composition are detailed. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alliband, Amanda; Lenz, Daniel W.; Stevenson, Laura E.; Burns, Dennis; Hall, Sarah; Stevenson, William T. K.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Whitmer, Travis] Boeing Mil Co, Boeing B 52 Fleet Support, Wichita, KS 67277 USA. [Cash, Rex] USAF, OC ALC LHRH, Oklahoma City, OK 73145 USA. RP Stevenson, WTK (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM Bill.stevenson@wichita.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.05.002 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 332CZ UT WOS:000258060700021 ER PT J AU Charlton, DG Roberts, HW Tiba, A AF Charlton, David G. Roberts, Howard W. Tiba, Amer TI Measurement of select physical and mechanical properties of 3 machinable ceramic materials SO QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CAD/CAM; ceramic; machinable; properties; strength; testing ID FIXED-PARTIAL DENTURES; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CRACK-PROPAGATION; CAD/CAM SYSTEM; MARGINAL FIT; STRENGTH; INLAYS; CEREC; RESTORATIONS AB Objective: To measure select physical and mechanical properties of 3 machinable ceramic materials (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent; Vitablocs Mark II, Vident; Paradigm C, 3M ESPE). Method and Materials: The physical and mechanical properties tested were hardness (using Vickers hardness), flexural strength and modulus (with 3-point bending), fracture toughness (with Vickers hardness indentation), and coefficient of thermal expansion (using a thermomechanical analyzer). For each of the materials, 25 specimens were fabricated to test each property, except for coefficient of thermal expansion, where n = 5. For each tested property, data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey Studentized range test (significance level = .05), when required for post hoc testing. Results: Mean Vickers hardness ranged from 511.3 (SD 8.6) for Paradigm C to 569.3 (SD 10.2) for Vitablocs Mark II. Flexural strength was greatest for IPS Empress CAD at 137.51 (SD 23.34) MPa and least for Vitablocs Mark II at 94.08 (SD 14.21) MPa. Flexural modulus ranged from 8.65 (SD 2.24) GPa (Vitablocs Mark II) to 16.10 (SD 5.94) GPa (IPS Empress CAD). IPS Empress CAD had the highest fracture toughness at 2.18 (SD 0.30) MPa center dot m(1/2), while Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest at 1.37 (SD 0.22) MPa center dot m(1/2). Paradigm C exhibited the highest thermal expansion coefficient at 16.87 (SD 4.37) x 10(-6)/degrees C, and Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest at 8.60 (SD 1.47) x 10-(6)/degrees C. Conclusions: The 3 ceramic materials significantly differed in all of the properties measured. Vitablocs Mark II was the hardest of the 3 materials, and IPS Empress CAD had the greatest flexure strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness. C1 [Charlton, David G.; Tiba, Amer] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM david.charlton@med.navy.mil NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA SN 0033-6572 J9 QUINTESSENCE INT JI Quintessence Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 347VG UT WOS:000259168800006 PM 19107265 ER PT J AU Nalladega, V Sathish, S Jata, KV Blodgett, MP AF Nalladega, V. Sathish, S. Jata, K. V. Blodgett, M. P. TI Development of eddy current microscopy for high resolution electrical conductivity imaging using atomic force microscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CANTILEVERS; TIPS; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION AB We present a high resolution electrical conductivity imaging technique based on the principles of eddy current and atomic force microscopy (AFM). An electromagnetic coil is used to generate eddy currents in an electrically conducting material. The eddy currents generated in the conducting sample are detected and measured with a magnetic tip attached to a flexible cantilever of an AFM. The eddy current generation and its interaction with the magnetic tip cantilever are theoretically modeled using monopole approximation. The model is used to estimate the eddy current force between the magnetic tip and the electrically conducting sample. The theoretical model is also used to choose a magnetic tip-cantilever system with appropriate magnetic field and spring constant to facilitate the design of a high resolution electrical conductivity imaging system. The force between the tip and the sample due to eddy currents is measured as a function of the separation distance and compared to the model in a single crystal copper. Images of electrical conductivity variations in a polycrystalline dual phase titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) sample are obtained by scanning the magnetic tip-cantilever held at a standoff distance from the sample surface. The contrast in the image is explained based on the electrical conductivity and eddy current force between the magnetic tip and the sample. The spatial resolution of the eddy current imaging system is determined by imaging carbon nanofibers in a polymer matrix. The advantages, limitations, and applications of the technique are discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Nalladega, V.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nalladega, V.; Sathish, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jata, K. V.; Blodgett, M. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nalladega, V (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Nalladega, Vijay/J-4833-2012 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 7 AR 073705 DI 10.1063/1.2955470 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 333UY UT WOS:000258179400023 PM 18681706 ER PT J AU Ortensie, RR AF Ortensie, R. Ray TI Murder on the White Sands: The Disappearance of Albert and Henry Fountain SO SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ortensie, R. Ray] Randolph AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ortensie, RR (reprint author), Randolph AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS STATE HIST ASSOC PI DENTON PA UNIV N TEXAS DENTON, 1155 UNION CIRCLE 311580, DENTON, TX 76203-5017 USA SN 0038-478X J9 SOUTHWEST HIST QUART JI Southw. Hist. Q. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 452BE UT WOS:000266513800005 ER PT J AU Kundu, T Das, S Martin, SA Jata, KV AF Kundu, Tribikram Das, Samik Martin, Steven A. Jata, Kumar V. TI Locating point of impact in anisotropic fiber reinforced composite plates SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE lamb wave; impact; acoustic emission; passive monitoring; anisotropic composite plate ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION SOURCES; WAVE-PROPAGATION; VIBRATION; DAMAGE AB The conventional triangulation technique cannot predict the point of impact in an anisotropic composite plate because the triangulation technique assumes that the wave speed is independent of the direction of propagation which is not the case for anisotropic plates. An alternative method based on the optimization scheme was proposed by Kundu et al. [T. Kundu, S. Das, K. V. Jata, Point of impact prediction in isotropic and anistropic plates from the acoustic emission data, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 2007, 2057-2066] to locate the point of impact in plates by analyzing the time of arrival of the ultrasonic signals received by the passive sensors attached to the plate. In this paper, that objective function is modified further to overcome the inherent difficulties associated with multiple singularities and to maximize the efficiency of the acoustic emission data for multiple receiving sensors. With this modi. ed objective function the impact point on an anisotropic composite plate is predicted from the acoustic emission data. Experiments are carried out by dropping steel and ping pong balls on a graphite-epoxy composite plate and recording acoustic signals by passive transducers adhesively bonded to the plate at three different locations. The impact point is predicted by the proposed method and compared with the actual location of impact. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kundu, Tribikram; Das, Samik] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martin, Steven A.] AFRL MLLP, NDE Computat Consultants, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jata, Kumar V.] USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kundu, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tkundu@email.arizona.edu; samik@email.arizona.edu; steven.martin@wpafb.af.mil; Kumar.Jata@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.ultras.2007.12.001 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 318QJ UT WOS:000257106400004 PM 18255117 ER PT J AU Schwartz, M Berry, RJ Dudis, DS Yeates, AT AF Schwartz, M. Berry, R. J. Dudis, D. S. Yeates, A. T. TI Effects of substituents on the electronic properties of polyacetylenes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE conducting polymers; ionization energies; electron affinities; optical transition energies; polyacetylenes ID EXCITED-STATES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; SOLITONS AB Hartree-Fock quantum mechanical calculations [at the RHF(ROHF)/6-31G(d) level] were performed to determine the electronic structure (ionization energies, electron affinities and singlet-triplet transition energies, Delta E(S-0 -> T-1)) in a series of polyacetylenes with terminal substituents (neutral and charged), =NH (=NH2+), -NH2 (-NH3+), -SH (-S-), and -SO3H (-SO3-), for oligomers with between 2 and 30 conjugated double bonds. Neutral substituents had relatively modest effects on the electronic properties, primarily in systems with less than similar to 8-10 double bonds. The positively and negatively charged substituents were found to exert profound influences on these properties, which persisted in even the largest species studied. Negative terminal substituents lowered the ionization energies (relative to PA) by as much as 5 eV, even in systems with 30 double bonds, and the positive substituents decreased electron affinities by an equivalent amount. Both positive and negative substituents decreased values of the singlet-triplet transition energy by similar to 1-1.5eV relative to the value in pristine PA. These effects were explained on the basis of a simple model of the effects of electron donors and acceptors on the frontier orbital (HOMO/LUMO) energies and charge distributions. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schwartz, M.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Berry, R. J.; Dudis, D. S.; Yeates, A. T.] USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schwartz, M (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM marty@unt.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 859 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.02.035 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 317GF UT WOS:000257007300007 ER EF