FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Emery, BA Coumans, V Evans, DS Germany, GA Greer, MS Holeman, E Kadinsky-Cade, K Rich, FJ Xu, WB AF Emery, Barbara A. Coumans, Valerie Evans, David S. Germany, Glynn A. Greer, M. Sue Holeman, Ernest Kadinsky-Cade, Katharine Rich, Frederick J. Xu, Weibin TI Seasonal, Kp, solar wind, and solar flux variations in long-term singlepass satellite estimates of electron and ion auroral hemispheric power SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; STATISTICAL-MODEL; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; IMAGE SPACECRAFT; PROTON AURORA; DISCRETE; FUV; PATTERNS; THERMOSPHERE AB Electron auroral energy flux is characterized by electron hemispheric power (Hpe) estimated since 1978 from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites after the estimates were corrected for instrumental problems and adjusted to a common baseline. Similarly, intersatellite adjusted ion hemispheric power (Hpi) estimates come from one MetOp and four NOAA satellites beginning in 1998. The hemispheric power (Hp) estimates are very crude, coming from single satellite passes referenced to 10 global activity levels, where the Hpi estimates are the difference between the total and the electron Hp (Hpi = Hpt-Hpe). However, hourly averaged NOAA/DMSP Hpe and Hpi estimates correlate well with hourly Polar Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) Hpt and Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) far ultraviolet (FUV) Hpe and Hpi estimates. Hpe winter values were larger than summer values similar to 65% of the time (when geomagnetic activity was moderate or higher), and Hpe were larger in the summer similar to 35% of the time (typically for low geomagnetic activity). Hpe was similar to 40% larger at winter solstice than summer solstice for the largest Hp from mostly nightside increases, and Hpe was similar to 35% larger in summer than winter for the smallest Hp owing to dayside auroral enhancements. Ion precipitation differed from electron precipitation because it was almost always larger in summer than winter. Hpe and Hpi increased with Kp, solar wind speed (Vsw), and negative Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) B-z, similar to previous studies. Hpi also increased strongly with positive Bz. For quiet conditions, Hpe increased with increasing 10.7-cm solar flux (Sa), while Hpi increased with Sa up to Sa similar to 115 for all conditions. C1 [Emery, Barbara A.; Xu, Weibin] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Coumans, Valerie] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Evans, David S.; Greer, M. Sue] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Germany, Glynn A.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Holeman, Ernest] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Kadinsky-Cade, Katharine; Rich, Frederick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Emery, BA (reprint author), NCAR, High Altitude Observ, 3080 Ctr Green, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM emery@ucar.edu; david.s.evans@noaa.gov; germanyg@email.uah.edu NR 56 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06311 DI 10.1029/2007JA012866 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321OF UT WOS:000257314900001 ER PT J AU Crouse, CA Maruyama, B Colorado, R Back, T Barron, AR AF Crouse, Christopher A. Maruyama, Benji Colorado, Ramon, Jr. Back, Tyson Barron, Andrew R. TI Growth, new growth, and amplification of carbon nanotubes as a function of catalyst composition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANISM; DIAMETER; DEFECTS; ROUTE; VAPOR AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown using Fe, Co, Ni, and Co/Fe spin-on-catalyst (SOC) systems, involving the metal salt dispersed with a spin-on-glass precursor. During initial growth runs (CH4/H-2/900 degrees C), the CNT yield followed the order Co-SOC > Fe-SOC >> Ni-SOC. The Fe catalysts produced the longest nanotubes at the expense of a larger average CNT diameter and broader diameter distribution than the Co-SOC system. A series of Co/Fe-SOCs were prepared where as the atomic percentage of Co is increased nucleation of CNT increases but the CNT length decreases. The linear relationship between the diameter and length of CNTs grown from the Co/Fe-SOC suggests that slow growth is beneficial with respect to control over CNT diameter. After initial CNT growth, the original samples were subjected to additional growth runs. Four individual reactions were observed in the Fe-SOC and binary Co/Fe-SOC: regrowth (amplification), double growth (a second CNT growing from a previously active catalyst), CNT etching, and nucleation from initially inactive catalysts (new growth). CNT etching was observed for the mixed catalyst systems (Co/Fe-SOC) but not for either Fe-SOC or Co-SOC. During the regrowth experiments, CNTs were observed that were not present after the initial growth run (and were not as a result of amplification or double growth). Thus, catalysts, which were initially inactive toward nucleation of CNTs in the original growth run, are capable of becoming activated when placed back into the furnace and submitted to regrowth under identical conditions. C1 Rice Univ, Nano Carbon Ctr, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Maruyama, Benji; Back, Tyson] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Barron, AR (reprint author), Rice Univ, Nano Carbon Ctr, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM arb@rice.edu RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; OI Barron, Andrew/0000-0002-2018-8288 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 25 BP 7946 EP 7954 DI 10.1021/ja800233b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 316PK UT WOS:000256962000047 PM 18507464 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Kim, Jeoung Han Semiatin, S. L. Lee, Chong Soo TI High-temperature deformation and grain-boundary characteristics of titanium alloys with an equiaxed microstructure SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; phase volume fraction; grain-matrix deformation; grain-boundary sliding; internal-variable theory ID HOT-WORKING; TRANSFORMED MICROSTRUCTURE; CONSTITUTIVE ANALYSIS; PLASTIC-FLOW; TI-6AL-4V; SUPERPLASTICITY; CREEP; BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE; COMPRESSION AB The high-temperature deformation behavior of single-phase a (Ti-7.0Al-1.5V), near-a (Ti-6.85Al-1.6V), and two-phase (Ti-6Al-4V) titanium alloys with an equiaxed microstructure was examined, and the results were compared within the framework of an internal-variable theory of inelastic deformation. For this purpose, load-relaxation and tension tests were conducted at various temperatures. Stress-strain-rate curves obtained by load-relaxation tests for the three alloys were well described by the equations for grain-matrix deformation and grain-boundary sliding. With respect to boundary strength, the internal-strength parameter (sigma*) for alpha-alpha boundaries was found to be similar to 2 times higher than that for alpha-beta boundaries. The friction stress parameter (Sigma(g)) of boundaries was the highest in the single-phase alpha alloy and the lowest in the two-phase (alpha + beta) alloy. This indicates that grain-boundary sliding occurs preferentially at alpha-beta interfaces rather than at alpha-alpha boundaries. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Chong Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Jeoung Han] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Mat Proc Res Ctr, Chang Won 641010, South Korea. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 485 IS 1-2 BP 601 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.027 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 305RA UT WOS:000256194300076 ER PT J AU Powers, DS Vaia, RA Koerner, H Serres, J Mirau, PA AF Powers, Daniel S. Vaia, Richard A. Koerner, Hilmar Serres, Jennifer Mirau, Peter A. TI NMR characterization of low hard segment thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanofiber composites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; SPIN-DIFFUSION; POLYMERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; CLAY AB Solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used to investigate the structure and dynamics of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPE) filled with carbon nanofibers (CNF's) for shape-memory applications. The TPE soft segments are above their glass transition temperature (T-g) at ambient temperature and give rise to relatively narrow (similar to 2 kHz) signals in the solid-state proton spectrum. The introduction of CNF's leads to a concentration-dependent shifting and broadening of the signals, while the proton spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times are not significantly altered, showing that the broadening is inhomogeneous and related to the difference in magnetic susceptibility between the TPE and the CNF's. Proton spin diffusion experiments reveal the onset of stress-induced crystallinity as the samples are stretched to 60%, and stretching to 1000% leads to crystallization at the CNF surface and increased separation between the CNF's and the mobile amorphous phase of the TPE. The implications for the mixing of polymers and CNF's are considered. C1 [Powers, Daniel S.; Vaia, Richard A.; Mirau, Peter A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Serres, Jennifer] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Mirau, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4290 EP 4295 DI 10.1021/ma8002483 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 314XS UT WOS:000256843100033 ER PT J AU Burt, TD Agan, BK Marconi, VC He, W Kulkarni, H Mold, JE Cavrois, M Huang, Y Mahley, RW Dolan, MJ McCune, JM Ahuja, SK AF Burt, Trevor D. Agan, Brian K. Marconi, Vincent C. He, Weijing Kulkarni, Hemant Mold, Jeffrey E. Cavrois, Marielle Huang, Yadong Mahley, Robert W. Dolan, Matthew J. McCune, Joseph M. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances HIV-1 cell entry in vitro, and the APOE epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotype accelerates HIV disease progression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; fusion/cell entry; infectious diseases; apoE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; VIRAL ENTRY; LIPID RAFTS; THERAPEUTIC TARGET; TRANSPORT PROTEIN; PEPTIDE ANALOGS; E POLYMORPHISMS; T-LYMPHOCYTES AB Originally recognized for their role in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease, apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) have also been implicated to play a key role in several biological processes not directly related to their lipid transport function. For example, apoE4 contributes significantly to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of apoE in infectious diseases is less well defined. Here, by examining a large cohort of HIV(+) European and African American subjects, we found that the APOE epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotype is associated with an accelerated disease course and especially progression to death compared with the APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 3 genotype. However, an association between the epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotype and HIV-associated dementia (HAD), a neurological condition with clinicopathological features similar to Alzheimer's disease, was not detected. Consistent with the genotype-phenotype relationships observed, compared with recombinant apoE3, apoE4 enhanced HlVfusion/cell entry of both R5 and X4 HIV strains in vitro. These findings establish apoE as a determinant of HIV-AIDS pathogenesis and raise the possibility that current efforts to convert apoE4 to an "apoE3-like" molecule to treat Alzheimer's disease might also have clinical applicability in HIV disease. C1 [Cavrois, Marielle; Mahley, Robert W.; Dolan, Matthew J.; McCune, Joseph M.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Burt, Trevor D.; Mold, Jeffrey E.; McCune, Joseph M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Expt Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Burt, Trevor D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78234 USA. [He, Weijing; Kulkarni, Hemant; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [He, Weijing; Kulkarni, Hemant; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Huang, Yadong; Mahley, Robert W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Mahley, Robert W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. RP Mahley, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM rmahley@gladstone.ucsf.edu; mdolan@hfj.org; mike.mccune@ucsf.edu; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Mold, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2195-2978; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 51 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 25 BP 8718 EP 8723 DI 10.1073/pnas.0803526105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 319TA UT WOS:000257185700043 PM 18562290 ER PT J AU Sun, QJ Chang, DW Dai, LI Grote, J Naik, R AF Sun, Qingjiang Chang, Dong Wook Dai, Liming Grote, James Naik, Rajesh TI Multilayer white polymer light-emitting diodes with deoxyribonucleic acid-cetyltrimetylammonium complex as a hole-transporting/electron-blocking layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; DEVICES; BLENDS; GREEN AB Using a thin film of deoxyribonucleic acid-cetyltrimetylammonium (DNA-CTMA) complex as a hole-transporting/electron-blocking layer, we have developed a sequential solution-processing approach for constructing multilayer (up to five layers) white polymer light-emitting diodes, incorporating the poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)/poly[2-methoxy-5(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylene vinylene] emissive layer. These devices were demonstrated to show a low turn-on voltage (similar to 5 V), high efficiency (10.0 cd/A), and high brightness (10500 cd/m(2)) with an improved white-color stability. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sun, Qingjiang; Chang, Dong Wook; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James; Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LI (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 25 AR 251108 DI 10.1063/1.2948864 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 320KC UT WOS:000257231200008 ER PT J AU Zehnder, O Mastalerz, R Reiher, M Merkt, F Dressler, RA AF Zehnder, O. Mastalerz, R. Reiher, M. Merkt, F. Dressler, R. A. TI On the R-dependence of the spin-orbit coupling constant: Potential energy functions of Xe(2)(+) by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemistry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIATOMIC MOLECULAR-IONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; PULSED-FIELD-IONIZATION; 6 ELECTRONIC STATES; GAS POSITIVE-IONS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; METASTABLE DECAY; PHOTOABSORPTION SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectrum of Xe(2) has been measured between 97 350 and 108 200 cm(-1), following resonant two-photon excitation via selected vibrational levels of the C 0(u)(+) Rydberg state of Xe(2). Transitions to three of the six low-lying electronic states of Xe(2)(+) could be observed. Whereas extensive vibrational progressions were observed for the transitions to the I(3/2g) and I(3/2u) states, only the lowest vibrational levels of the II(1/2u) state could be detected. Assignments of the vibrational quantum numbers were derived from the analysis of the isotopic shifts and from the modeling of the potential energy curves. Adiabatic ionization energies, dissociation energies, and vibrational constants are reported for the I(3/2g) and the I(3/2u) states. Multireference configurational interaction and complete active space self-consistent field calculations have been performed to investigate the dependence of the spin-orbit coupling constant on the internuclear distance. The energies of vibrational levels, measured presently and in a previous investigation (Rupper , J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8279 (2004)), were used to determine the potential energy functions of the six low-lying electronic states of Xe(2)(+) using a global model that includes the long-range interaction and treats, for the first time, the spin-orbit interaction as dependent on the internuclear separation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zehnder, O.; Mastalerz, R.; Reiher, M.; Merkt, F.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dressler, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reiher, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM markus.reiher@phys.chem.ethz.ch; merkt@phys.chem.ethz.ch NR 83 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 23 AR 234306 DI 10.1063/1.2937133 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 316GF UT WOS:000256936700014 ER PT J AU Shellhamer, DF Davenport, KJ Forberg, HK Herrick, MP Jones, RN Rodriguez, SJ Sanabria, S Trager, NN Weiss, RJ Heasley, VL Boatz, JA AF Shellhamer, Dale F. Davenport, Kevyn J. Forberg, Heidi K. Herrick, Matthew P. Jones, Rachel N. Rodriguez, Sean J. Sanabria, Sunamita Trager, Nicole N. Weiss, Ryan J. Heasley, Victor L. Boatz, Jerry A. TI Rearrangement of 3-membered 1,1,2-trifluorobromonium and iodonium ions and comparison of trifluorochloronium to fluorocarbenium ions SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; TRIFLUOROACETIC-ACID; BASIS-SET; LCAO; PARTICIPATION; ALKENES; OVERLAP AB Reactions of chlorine (Cl-2) with 4-halo- 1,1,2-trifluorobut-1-enes (1, 2, or 3) give open-ion intermediates A and E that are in equilibrium. The open-chloronium ions (E) rearrange to a five-membered-ring halonium ion during ionic chlorination of 3 when the number-4 halo-substituent is iodine. Three-membered-ring bromonium and iodonium ions from alkenes 1, 2, or 3 are rather symmetrical and similar in structure. Quantum chemical calculations show that five-membered-ring halonium ion intermediates are 11 to 27 kcal/mol more stable than the three-membered-ring halonium ions or the open-ions A and E. The five-membered-ring intermediates lead to rearranged products. Rearranged products increase as the number-4 halogen (Z) becomes more nucleophilic (Z: Cl < Br < I). Open chloronium ions from ionic chlorination of terminal fluorovinyl alkenes are compared to the open ions generated by protons to similar alkenes. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Shellhamer, Dale F.; Davenport, Kevyn J.; Forberg, Heidi K.; Herrick, Matthew P.; Jones, Rachel N.; Rodriguez, Sean J.; Sanabria, Sunamita; Trager, Nicole N.; Weiss, Ryan J.; Heasley, Victor L.] Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM dshellha@pointloma.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4532 EP 4538 DI 10.1021/jo800472e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 313RG UT WOS:000256757100021 PM 18505293 ER PT J AU Hardy, DA Holeman, EG Burke, WJ Gentile, LC Bounar, KH AF Hardy, D. A. Holeman, E. G. Burke, W. J. Gentile, L. C. Bounar, K. H. TI Probability distributions of electron precipitation at high magnetic latitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL ION PRECIPITATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; ENERGY; IONOSPHERE; SPECTRA; FLUXES AB We have integrated more than 600 million energetic electron spectra measured by the Special Sensor for Precipitating Particles, version 4 ( SSJ4) sensor on nine Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) spacecraft to obtain total number fluxes (J(tot) [#/ cm(2) s sr]) and energy fluxes (JE(tot) [ keV/cm(2) s sr]). These quantities were first separated into bins of 1 degrees in magnetic latitude ( MLat), 1 h in magnetic local time ( MLT) and unit steps of Kp and then into 26 x 26 logarithmically-spaced matrices covering the ranges 10(4) to 10(10.25) for JE(tot) and J(tot) and 10(-3) to 10(3.25) for average energy E(AVE). Joint probability densities were then calculated as ratios of the number of samples within a matrix element to the total samples in each MLat-MLT- Kp bin. Our analysis shows that ( 1) in all bins probabilities for detecting any of the three parameters were lognormally distributed, and ( 2) in most bins distributions were multimodal. Measured multimodal probability distributions are well represented as superpositions of contributions from as many as four lognormal populations. These distributions have inherent positive skews with significant separations between their mean and most probable values. Average values of JEtot and EAVE now widely used to model distributions of auroral conductance at different levels of Kp are verified in the large DMSP data set. However, the lognormal and multimodal characters of their realizations in nature indicate that probabilities of detecting them at a given time in a MLat-MLT- Kp bin never exceed 10%. C1 [Hardy, D. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Holeman, E. G.; Burke, W. J.; Gentile, L. C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Burke, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Bounar, K. H.] Raytheon Integrated Def Syst, Tewksbury, MA USA. RP Hardy, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06305 DI 10.1029/2007JA012746 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 317ZR UT WOS:000257059900001 ER PT J AU Beck, EV Stahlberg, EA Burggraf, LW Blaudeau, JP AF Beck, Eric V. Stahlberg, Eric A. Burggraf, Larry W. Blaudeau, Jean-Philippe TI A graphical unitary group approach-based hybrid density functional theory multireference configuration interaction method SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; configuration interaction; GUGA ID EXCITED-STATES; CHEMISTRY AB A hybrid density functional theory multireference configuration interaction hybrid model (DFT/MRCI) method for computing electronic excitation energies in heavy-element atomic and molecular systems has been developed within a graphical unitary group approach (GUGA) based configuration interaction framework. Implemented in the COLUMBUS suite of programs, the method advances several new capabilities for evaluating systems involving several electronic spin states, relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. The method has been evaluated on several types of systems including carbon monoxide, bromine, bromine fluoride, and uranium +4, uranium +5 and uranyl 2+ ions. The method delivers a high level of experimental consistency with absolute accuracies ranging from 11% to 22%. A reduction in relative error ranging from 11% to 42% is observed for the new method when compared with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The new approach provides a significant improvement in computational effort for comparable MRCI calculations with an observed reduction of expansion size by factors up to 64. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Eric V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Stahlberg, Eric A.] Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Blaudeau, Jean-Philippe] USA, High Performance Technol Inc, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beck, EV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, L-159,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM beck27@llnl.gov; eas@osc.edu; larry.burggraf@afit.edu; blaudejp@asc.hpc.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 349 IS 1-3 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.01.018 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 324SK UT WOS:000257538300018 ER PT J AU Cui, YL Roy, UN Burger, A Goldstein, JT AF Cui, Yunlong Roy, Utpal N. Burger, Arnold Goldstein, Jonathan T. TI Photoluminescence study of AgGaSe(2), AgGa(0.9)In(0.1)Se(2), and AgGa(0.8)In(0.2)Se(2) crystals grown by the horizontal Bridgman technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DEFECT PHYSICS; GENERATION; CUINSE2; GAP; AGGA1-XIN(X)SE-2; SEMICONDUCTORS AB AgGaSe(2), AgGa(0.9)In(0.1)Se(2), and AgGa(0.8)In(0.2)Se(2) single crystals grown by the horizontal Bridgman technique were investigated using photoluminescence (PL) at temperatures varied from 8 to 300 K. For the AgGaSe(2) crystals, free exciton (FE), exciton bound to neutral donor (D(0), X), and edge emissions including donor-acceptor pair (DAP) and free electron to neutral acceptor (e, A(0)) transitions were observed. Two donor levels with binding energies of 18 and 39 meV and two acceptor levels with 61 and 117 meV were observed. The FE peak positions of the AgGaSe(2) were found to be blueshifted when the samples were illuminated with higher laser intensity. This behavior was more pronounced at higher temperature when the peaks were also significantly broadened. For the AgGa(0.9)In(0.1)Se(2) crystals, three DAP emission peaks at 1.673, 1.570, and 1.545 eV were observed at 8 K. The excitonic peaks were not observed below 100 K because they were overshadowed by the 1.673 eV DAP emission. For the AgGa(0.8)In(0.2)Se(2) crystal, the excitonic peak was barely resolved in the PL spectra at 9 K, and only two shallow defect levels were shown. The temperature coefficients of the band-gap energies of the crystals were measured. The thermal expansion effect of the AgGa(0.8)In(0.2)Se(2) crystal was found to be much larger than that of AgGaSe(2). The PL study showed that the AgGa(0.8)In(0.2)Se(2) crystal had advantages over the AgGa(0.9)In(0.1)Se(2) crystal for their use as potential radiation detectors. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Cui, Yunlong; Roy, Utpal N.; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Goldstein, Jonathan T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cui, YL (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM ycui@fisk.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 12 AR 123514 DI 10.1063/1.2940739 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 321DE UT WOS:000257284100032 ER PT J AU Shiao, WY Tang, TY Chen, YS Averett, KL Albrecht, JD Yang, CC AF Shiao, Wen-Yu Tang, Tsung-Yi Chen, Yung-Sheng Averett, K. L. Albrecht, J. D. Yang, C. C. TI Characterizing the thickness dependence of epitaxial GaN grown over GaN nanocolumns using X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LAYERS AB The crystal quality, as determined by X-ray diffraction, of GaN epitaxial films synthesized by MOCVD overgrowth of oriented GaN nanocolumns on Si(111) is studied as a function of film thickness and compared with control films grown on sapphire substrate. Samples were characterized using a three-beam X-ray diffraction technique from which depth-dependent rocking-curve widths (for the (0 1 (1) over bar3)/ (0 (1) over bar1 (2) over bar) crystal plane) are obtained as functions of depth. Through the examination of four samples prepared under conditions spanning key growth parameters it is found that optimizing for overgrowth at higher substrate temperatures can lead to coalesced films with significantly narrower rocking-curve widths. The results indicate that initially disconnected crystal domains stemming from individual columns do merge under the right conditions and that the coalesced crystal improves with increasing thickness. Overgrowth with the substrate temperature at 1000 degrees C (the highest of the study) resulted in a GaN overgrowth with properties superior to those of the control sample, a standard high-quality 2 pm MOCVD GaN thin-film grown on sapphire substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shiao, Wen-Yu; Tang, Tsung-Yi; Chen, Yung-Sheng; Yang, C. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Photon & Optoelect, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Averett, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Photon & Optoelect, 1 Roosevelt Rd,Sect 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM ccy@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw OI Yang, Chih-Chung/0000-0002-3476-3802 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 13 BP 3159 EP 3162 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.04.006 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 322CT UT WOS:000257353500006 ER PT J AU Cooper, LN Sedano, N Johansson, S May, B Brown, JD Holliday, CM Kot, BW Fish, FE AF Cooper, Lisa Noelle Sedano, Nils Johansson, Stig May, Bryan Brown, Joey D. Holliday, Casey M. Kot, Brian W. Fish, Frank E. TI Hydrodynamic performance of the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) flipper SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacea; forelimb; flipper; wind tunnel; hydrodynamics; feeding; control surface; engulfment; lunge ID CONTROL SURFACES; KINEMATICS; VORTEX; WINGS; DRAG; FISH; FLOW AB Minke whales ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata) are the smallest member of balaenopterid whales and little is known of their kinematics during feeding maneuvers. These whales have narrow and elongated flippers that are small relative to body size compared to related species such as right and gray whales. No experimental studies have addressed the hydrodynamic properties of minke whale flippers and their functional role during feeding maneuvers. This study integrated wind tunnel, locomotion and anatomical range of motion data to identify functional parameters of the cambered minke whale flipper. A full-sized cast of a minke whale flipper was used in wind tunnel testing of lift, drag and stall behavior at six speeds, corresponding to swimming speeds of 0.7-8.9 m s(-1). Flow over the model surface stalled between 10 and 14 angle of attack (alpha) depending on testing speed. When the leading edge was rotated ventrally, loss in lift occurred around - 18 degrees regardless of speed. Range of mobility in the fresh limb was approximately 40% greater than the range of positive lift-generating angles of attack predicted by wind tunnel data (+14 degrees). Video footage, photographs and observations of swimming, engulfment feeding and gulping minke whales showed limb positions corresponding to low drag in wind tunnel tests, and were therefore hydrodynamically efficient. Flippers play an important role in orienting the body during feeding maneuvers as they maintain trim of the body, an action that counters drag-induced torque of the body during water and prey intake. C1 [Cooper, Lisa Noelle] Northeastern Ohio Univ Coll Med & Pharm, Dept Anat, Rootstown, OH 44201 USA. [Cooper, Lisa Noelle] Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Sedano, Nils] USAF, Res Lab, Liquid Rocket Engines Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Johansson, Stig] San Diego State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Brown, Joey D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Holliday, Casey M.] Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Dept Anat & Pathol, Huntington, WV 25704 USA. [Kot, Brian W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Fish, Frank E.] W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Cooper, LN (reprint author), Northeastern Ohio Univ Coll Med & Pharm, Dept Anat, Rootstown, OH 44201 USA. EM l.noelle.cooper@gmail.com OI Holliday, Casey/0000-0001-8210-8434 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 12 BP 1859 EP 1867 DI 10.1242/jeb.014134 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 307GP UT WOS:000256307700012 PM 18515715 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Markovsky, PE Matviychuk, YV Semiatin, SL Ward, CH Fox, S AF Ivasishin, O. M. Markovsky, P. E. Matviychuk, Yu. V. Semiatin, S. L. Ward, C. H. Fox, S. TI A comparative study of the mechanical properties of high-strength beta-titanium alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE metals; precipitation; mechanical properties ID HEAT-TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR AB The mechanical properties of four commercial beta-titanium alloys (TIMETAL-LCB, Ti-15-3, beta-21S, and VT22) were compared in the solution-treated-and-aged (STA) condition following thermomechanical processing comprising beta solid solutioning, cold deformation (M), continuous rapid heating, and final aging. The peak temperature during the rapid heating step was chosen to obtain either a recovered or recrystallized condition and thereby to control the distribution of residual deformation defects, which in turn influenced the size and distribution of alpha precipitates in the final microstructure. It was established that a good balance of high strength (in excess of 1600 MPa) and reasonable ductility could be obtained if a fine-grain microstructure with a beta grain size of similar to 10 mu m was formed by recrystallization. The development of such a fine-grain size enabled a reduction in the aging temperature and thus increased the strength while maintaining ductility within the desired limits. In this respect, the properties could be varied to a great extent by varying the rate of heating to the aging temperature. On the other hand, aging of the recovered condition also led to a strength level of approximately 1600 MPa but with generally lower ductility than in the fine-grain, recrystallized condition. Another distinctive feature of the recovered condition was that the properties were relatively insensitive to the rate of heating to the aging temperature. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ivasishin, O. M.; Markovsky, P. E.; Matviychuk, Yu. V.] Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Semiatin, S. L.; Ward, C. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), Inst Met Phys, 36 Vernadsky St, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM ivas@imp.kiev.ua RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 12 TC 117 Z9 133 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 296 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.070 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 304QV UT WOS:000256124900054 ER PT J AU Schrand, AM Braydich-Stolle, LK Schlager, JJ Dai, LM Hussain, SM AF Schrand, Amanda M. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Schlager, John J. Dai, Liming Hussain, Saber M. TI Can silver nanoparticles be useful as potential biological labels? SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO TOXICITY; CELLULAR TOXICITY; CARBON NANOTUBES; CANCER-THERAPY; CELLS; DEXTRAN; NANOCOMPOSITES; ENHANCEMENT; BIOMARKERS AB Silver (Ag) nanoparticles have unique plasmon-resonant optical scattering properties that are finding use in nanomedical applications such as signal enhancers, optical sensors, and biomarkers. In this study, we examined the chemical and biological properties of Ag nanoparticles of similar sizes, but that differed primarily in their surface chemistry (hydrocarbon versus polysaccharide), in neuroblastoma cells for their potential use as biological labels. We observed strong optical labeling of the cells in a high illumination light microscopy system after 24 h of incubation due to the excitation of plasmon resonance by both types of Ag nanoparticle. Surface binding of both types of Ag nanoparticle to the plasma membrane of the cells was verified with scanning electron microscopy as well as the internalization and localization of the Ag nanoparticles into intracellular vacuoles in thin cell sections with transmission electron microscopy. However, the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degradation of mitochondrial membrane integrity, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, and reduction in proliferation after stimulation with nerve growth factor were found after incubation with Ag nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 mu g ml(-1) or greater, with a more pronounced effect produced by the hydrocarbon-based Ag nanoparticles in most cases. Therefore, the use of Ag nanoparticles as potential biological labels, even if the surface is chemically modified with a biocompatible material, should be approached with caution. C1 [Schrand, Amanda M.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schrand, Amanda M.; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dai, LI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Liming.dai@notes.udayton.edu; saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 50 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 23 AR 235104 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235104 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 298BZ UT WOS:000255662700004 PM 21825779 ER PT J AU Sentman, DD Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Morrill, JS AF Sentman, D. D. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. Morrill, J. S. TI Plasma chemistry of sprite streamers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID CATHODE-DIRECTED STREAMER; GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; POSITIVE STREAMER; LOWER IONOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETIC-MODEL; RED SPRITES; BLUE JETS; ELECTRONEGATIVE GASES; ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE AB 1] A study is conducted of the principal chemical effects induced by the passage of a single sprite streamer through the mesosphere at an altitude of 70 km. Recent high-speed imaging of sprite streamers has revealed them to comprise bright (1-100 GR), compact (decameter-scale) heads moving at similar to 10 7 m s(-1). On the basis of these observations, a quantitative model of the chemical dynamics of the streamer head and trailing region is constructed using a nonlinear coupled kinetic scheme of 80+ species and 800+ reactions. In this initial study, chemical processes related to currents in the trailing column and to vibrational kinetics of N-2 and O-2 are not included. The descending streamer head impulsively (tau similar to 10 mu s) ionizes the gas ( fractional ionization density similar to 10(-9)), leaving in its trail a large population of ions, and dissociated and excited neutral byproducts. Electrons created by ionization within the head persist within the trailing column for about 1 s, with losses occurring approximately equally by dissociative attachment with ambient O-3, and by dissociative recombination with the positive ion cluster N2O2+. The ion cluster is produced within the trailing channel by a three-step process involving ionization of N-2, N-2(+) charge exchange with O-2, and finally three-body creation of N2O2+. On the basis of simulation results, it is concluded that the observed reignition of sprites most likely originates in remnant patches of cold electrons in the decaying streamer channels of a previous sprite. Relatively large populations (fractional densities similar to 10(-9)-10(-8)) of the metastable species O(D-1), O(S-1), N(D-2), O-2(a(1)Delta(g)), O-2(b(1)Sigma(+)(g)), N-2(A(3)Sigma(+)(u)), and N-2(alpha' (1)Sigma(-)(u)) are created in the streamer head. The impulsive creation of these species initiates numerous coupled reaction chains, with most of the consequent effects being of a transient nature persisting for less than 1 s. These include weak (similar to 1 kR), but possibly detectable, OI 557.7 nm and O-2(b(1)Sigma(+)(g) -> X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) Atmospheric airglow emissions. Neutral active species created in the greatest abundance (fractional densities > 10(-8)) are N-2(X-1 Sigma(+)(g), v), O(P-3), N(S-4), and O-2(alpha(1)Delta(g)), which, because of the absence of readily available chemical dissipation channels, persist for longer than 100s of seconds. Other long-lived (> 1000 s) effects are very weak (similar to 1-10 R) OH(X-2 pi, nu = 6 ... 9 - Delta nu) Meinel emissions produced by O(P-3)- enhanced OH catalysis and O-2(a(1)Delta(g) -> X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) Infrared Atmospheric emissions. Short-lived (similar to 100 s) populations of hydrated positive ions and negative ion clusters are also created in the streamer trail. Electron impact dissociated N(D-2) interacts with O-2 to create a long-lived (> 1000 s) increase (fractional enhancement similar to 75%) of the ambient NO density within the streamer channel, fo a net production of similar to 5 X 1(19) NO molecules for the streamer as a whole. It is suggested that in addition to the optical emissions from electron-impact excited electronic states of N-2, a substantial portion of the spectrum may be due to chemiluminescent processes derived from vibrational kinetics of nitrogen. C1 [Sentman, D. D.; Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Morrill, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sentman, DD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dsentman@gi.alaska.edu NR 164 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11112 DI 10.1029/2007JD008941 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314LH UT WOS:000256810400001 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, J. M. TI Efficient approximations of quasi-linear diffusion coefficients in the radiation belts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION; ELECTRONS; WAVES AB [1] Combined pitch angle and energy diffusion are key ingredients in current models of radiation belt electron dynamics. Bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients can be approximated with a recently developed approach based on the ranges of wave normal angle compatible with cyclotron and Landau resonance within a prescribed wave frequency band, as has been demonstrated for a model of chorus waves. The method casts nested, multiple integrals over wave normal angle as a single weighted average, which is further approximated by evaluation at only a few, carefully chosen points. Here, the method is shown to agree well with results for more recent models of chorus, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and whistler mode hiss. Highly oblique magnetosonic waves are also considered, and a related approach is developed which is shown to give a good approximation for their diffusion rates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, RVBX,29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 16 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06208 DI 10.1029/2007JA012936 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 314MV UT WOS:000256814400004 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Stooke, A Boyadjian, G Voci, A Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Stooke, A. Boyadjian, G. Voci, A. Knize, R. J. TI Optically pumped caesium-Freon laser SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUBIDIUM VAPOR LASER; POTASSIUM LASER; DIODE; POWER AB A Cs vapour laser using Freon-14 as the buffer gas has been demonstrated. All operating parameters of this laser ( threshold, output power, slope efficiency) are similar to a Cs laser operating with an ethane buffer gas. No contamination of the gain medium was observed at operating temperatures below 100 degrees C, while at higher temperatures such contamination appears and leads to lasing degradation. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Stooke, A.; Boyadjian, G.; Voci, A.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 BP 735 EP 736 DI 10.1049/el:20081024 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 314MJ UT WOS:000256813200020 ER PT J AU Chen, C Benson-Tolle, T Baur, JW Putthanarat, S AF Chen, Chenggang Benson-Tolle, Tia Baur, Jeffery W. Putthanarat, Sirina TI Processing - Morphology regulation of epoxy/layered-silicate nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE morphology; processing; SAXS; TEM; thermosets ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; MONTMORILLONITE; EXFOLIATION; COMPOSITES; MAGADIITE; RESIN AB Polymer/layered-silicate nanocomposites have unique and hierarchical structures that can provide improvements to the properties of polymeric materials. Controlling the dispersion of the nanomaterials through processing greatly influences the resulting morphology and the resulting properties of the nanocomposite. In this article, the dispersion behavior of organic layered silicates (OLS) as a function of the processing procedure is reported. The behavior of the OLS in all stages of processing-in the solvent, the epoxy prepolymer, and in the epoxy through cure-is discussed. On the basis of understanding of the dispersion behavior of the OLS in the epoxy resin at each stage of processing, a different processing procedure can be designed and used so that the morphology of the epoxy/layered-silicate nanocomposite can be regulated. Mild low-shear processing resulted in an intercalated nanocomposite with large-size aggregates (> 10 mu m), and high-shear processing resulted in an intercalated nanocomposite with relatively small-size aggregates (0.5-3 mu m), whereas the high-shear and ultrasonication processing procedures gave rise to an exfoliated nanocomposite. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Chen, Chenggang; Putthanarat, Sirina] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Benson-Tolle, Tia; Baur, Jeffery W.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Benson-Tolle, Tia; Baur, Jeffery W.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chenggang.chen@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 5 BP 3324 EP 3333 DI 10.1002/app.27923 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 289GN UT WOS:000255043100070 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS Castle, PJ Levisky, JA Corley, CA Hermosillo, A Ditson, MF Cote, PJ Bird, DM Hutchinson, RR Sanders, KA Vaughn, RL AF Wilkes, John S. Castle, Patrick J. Levisky, Joseph A. Corley, Cynthia A. Hermosillo, Adrian Ditson, Matthew F. Cote, Paul J. Bird, Donald M. Hutchinson, Ralph R. Sanders, Keith A. Vaughn, R. Larry TI Decontamination reactions of chemical warfare agent simulants with. alcohols in the basic ionic liquid tetramethylammonium hydroxide/1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALTS; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS; WATER AB Increased acts of international terrorism called for the development of rapid and reliable chemical agent decontamination reactions to minimize human exposure and material loss. Even though many chemical reaction processes have been reported, most remain unattractive for various reasons. In order to eliminate many of the adversities, these processes were studied in an ionic liquid solvent. In this report, we describe the reaction between chemical warfare simulants with alcohols in the ionic liquid 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimmidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide made basic with tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate. The chemical agent simulants used in this study were diisopropylfluorophosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, and chloroethylphenyl sulfide, which simulate agents GD, VX, and HD, respectively. The reactions were rapid, and products were identified by LC/MS-TOF and GUMS. All of the reaction products of the VX and HD simulants remained in the ionic liquid, whereas the products from GD simulant partitioned between the ionic liquid and water extract. C1 [Wilkes, John S.; Castle, Patrick J.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Corley, Cynthia A.; Hermosillo, Adrian; Ditson, Matthew F.; Cote, Paul J.; Bird, Donald M.; Hutchinson, Ralph R.; Sanders, Keith A.; Vaughn, R. Larry] USAF Acad, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Castle, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAFA, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM patrick.castle@usafa.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 11 BP 3820 EP 3826 DI 10.1021/ie800237z PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 307AO UT WOS:000256290100005 ER PT J AU McKenna-Lawlor, SMP Dryer, M Fry, CD Smith, ZK Intriligator, DS Courtney, WR Deehr, CS Sun, W Kecskemety, K Kudela, K Balaz, J Barabash, S Futaana, Y Yamauchi, M Lundin, R AF McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P. Dryer, M. Fry, C. D. Smith, Z. K. Intriligator, D. S. Courtney, W. R. Deehr, C. S. Sun, W. Kecskemety, K. Kudela, K. Balaz, J. Barabash, S. Futaana, Y. Yamauchi, M. Lundin, R. TI Predicting interplanetary shock arrivals at Earth, Mars, and Venus: A real-time modeling experiment following the solar flares of 5-14 December 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SPACE WEATHER; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; WIND DISTURBANCES; SIMULATION; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; RELEVANT; SPEED AB [1] A 3-D, kinematic, solar wind model (Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry version 2 (HAFv.2)) is used to predict interplanetary shock arrivals at Venus, Earth, and Mars during a sequence of significant solar events that occurred in the interval 5-14 December 2006. Mars and Venus were on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth during this period. The shocks from the first two east limb events (5 and 6 December) were predicted to interact to form a single disturbance before reaching Earth and Venus. A single shock was indeed recorded at Earth only about 3 h earlier than had been predicted. The composite shock was predicted by HAFv.2 to arrive at Venus on 8 December at similar to 0500 UT. Solar energetic particles (SEPs) were detected in Venus Express Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms-4 data for some 3 d ( from < 0530 UT on 6 December), and an energetic storm particle ( ESP) event signaled the arrival of a single shock wave at 0900 UT on 7 December. SEPs were correspondingly recorded at Mars. However, the eastern flank of the composite shock was predicted to decay to an MHD wave prior to reaching this location, and no shock signature was observed in the available data. The shocks generated in association with two flare events that occurred closer to the West Limb on 13 and 14 December were predicted by HAFv.2 to remain separate when they arrived at Earth but to combine thereafter before reaching Mars. Each was expected to decay to MHD waves before reaching Venus, which was at that time located behind the Sun. Separated shocks were observed to arrive at L1 (ACE) only 8 min earlier than and 5.3 h later than their predicted times. The western flank of the combined shocks was predicted to arrive at Mars early on 20 December 2006. An indication of the passage of this shock was provided by a signature of ion heating in Mars Express IMA (ion mass-resolving analyzer) data from < 0424 UT on 20 December. The predictions of the HAFv.2 model for Earth were each well within the +/- 11 h. RMS error earlier found, on the basis of significant statistics, to apply at 1 AU during the rise and maximum phases of solar cycle 23. Overall, the model is demonstrated to be capable of predicting the effects produced by shocks and by the background solar wind at Venus, Earth, and Mars. It is suggested that the continuous presence of solar wind monitors (plasma and interplanetary magnetic field observations) at "benchmark planets'' can constitute a necessary and valuable component of ongoing and future space weather programs for the validation of solar wind models such as HAFv.2. C1 [McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P.] Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Kudela, K.; Balaz, J.] Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. [Barabash, S.; Futaana, Y.; Yamauchi, M.; Lundin, R.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. [Courtney, W. R.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Offutt Ait Force Base, Omaha, NE 68113 USA. [Deehr, C. S.; Sun, W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dryer, M.; Smith, Z. K.] Natl Weather Agcy, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Intriligator, D. S.] Carmel Res Ctr, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Kecskemety, K.] Kozponti Fizikai Kutato Intezat, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. RP McKenna-Lawlor, SMP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. EM stil@nuim.ie RI Futaana, Yoshifumi/P-5899-2014; xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012; OI Futaana, Yoshifumi/0000-0002-7056-3517; Balaz, Jan/0000-0001-8918-2610 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06101 DI 10.1029/2007JA012577 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310YR UT WOS:000256567500001 ER PT J AU Ma, YF Cheung, W Wei, DG Bogozi, A Chiu, PL Wang, L Pontoriero, F Mendelsohn, R He, HX AF Ma, Yufeng Cheung, William Wei, Dongguang Bogozi, Albert Chiu, Pui Lam Wang, Lin Pontoriero, Francesco Mendelsohn, Richard He, Huixin TI Improved conductivity of carbon nanotube networks by in situ polymerization of a thin skin of conducting polymer SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE conducting polymer; polyaniline; carbon nanotubes; nanocomposite ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DOPED POLYANILINE; TRANSPARENT; FILMS; COMPOSITE; FABRICATION; SENSORS; NANOCOMPOSITES; PERCOLATION; NANOFIBERS AB The overall conductivity of SWNT networks is dominated by the existence of high resistance and tunneling/Schottky barriers at the intertube junctions in the network. Here we report that in situ polymerization of a highly conductive self-doped conducting polymer "skin" around and along single stranded DNA dispersed and functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes can greatly decrease the contact resistance. The polymer skin also acts as "conductive glue" effectively assembling the SWNTs into a conductive network, which decreases the amount of SWNTs needed to reach the high conductive regime of the network. The conductance of the composite network after the percolation threshold can be 2 orders of magnitude higher than the network formed from SWNTs alone. C1 [Ma, Yufeng; Cheung, William; Chiu, Pui Lam; Wang, Lin; Pontoriero, Francesco; Mendelsohn, Richard; He, Huixin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Wei, Dongguang] Carl Zeiss SMT Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. [Bogozi, Albert] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, HX (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM huixinhe@newark.rutgers.edu NR 57 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 1197 EP 1204 DI 10.1021/nn800201n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 318VL UT WOS:000257120800016 PM 19206337 ER PT J AU Jordt, GJ Baldwin, RO Raquet, JF Mullins, BE AF Jordt, Gustav J. Baldwin, Rusty O. Raquet, John F. Mullins, Barry E. TI Energy cost and error performance of range-aware, anchor-free localization algorithms SO AD HOC NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Ad hoc networks; Wireless sensor networks; Localization; Energy cost; Power conservation ID SENSOR NETWORKS AB Many applications that use sensor data from a wireless sensor network (WSN) require corresponding node position information as well. Therefore, it is not surprising that a common figure of merit for localization algorithms is the accuracy of the position estimate produced. Similarly, the amount of communication required by a localization algorithm is often of paramount interest as well since it is common knowledge that communication expends the most energy in a WSN. However, localization algorithms seldom characterize their communication cost. Furthermore, when they do it is often merely qualitative and is typically described as "expensive". For two types of range-aware, anchor-free localization algorithms we found the opposite to be true. Rather than being expensive, the communication costs were quite modest. So much so that we maintain range-aware, anchor-free localization algorithms should be chosen on the basis of the accuracy required by the intended application independent of the communication cost. In this paper, we examine the effect of node degree, node distribution, range error and network size on distance error and communication cost for both incremental and concurrent versions of range-aware, anchor-free algorithms. The concurrent algorithm is twice as accurate as the incremental, but less efficient. Furthermore, node degree influences the energy cost of the algorithms the most, but neither algorithm uses more than a surprisingly small 0.8% of a 560 mA h battery. This result indicates less energy efficient localization algorithms can be tolerated, especially if they provide better accuracy. Furthermore, if energy does need to be conserved, there is not much savings available within the localization algorithm and savings must be found in other areas such as the MAC protocol or routing algorithm. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldwin, Rusty O.; Raquet, John F.; Mullins, Barry E.] AFIT ENG, AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jordt, Gustav J.] AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baldwin, RO (reprint author), AFIT ENG, AF Inst Technol, Dept Elect Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gus@alum.calberkeley.org; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; john.raquet@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8705 EI 1570-8713 J9 AD HOC NETW JI Ad Hoc Netw. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 539 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.adhoc.2007.04.004 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 408CI UT WOS:000263410700005 ER PT J AU Yan, H Gaitonde, D AF Yan, Hong Gaitonde, Datta TI Effect of energy pulse on 3-d Edney IV interaction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 3rd Flow Control Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA ID DEPOSITION; SHOCK; SCHEMES AB This study investigates the effect of energy deposition on pressure and thermal loads generated by an Edney IV interaction. This complex supersonic jet impingement problem is formed by the intersection of an oblique shock generated by a 15-deg wedge with a Mach 3.45 bow shock in front of a 0.0254-m diam sphere. The full three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the k-omega turbulence model. Mesh-resolved simulations show that surface pressure without energy addition is in good agreement with experiments. The peak value is 1.8 times that observed without the impinging shock. Results from a grid resolution study confirm that the surface pressure is less sensitive than the heat flux. For flow control, a spherical energy pulse with a volume of 3 mm(3) and energy of 283 mJ is deposited upstream of the primary triple point. The unsteady interaction of the energy spot and its induced blast wave with the oblique shock, the distorted bow shock, and the impinging supersonic jet is elucidated in the context of the "lensing" phenomenon. The simulations indicate significant impact of the energy deposition on the surface pressure and heat flux. The instantaneous surface pressure and heat flux rise when the blast wave and high-energy spot hit the surface and fall when the expansion waves reach the surface. However, the overall integrated stress and thermal loads are reduced, mainly due to the effect of the expansion waves. C1 [Yan, Hong] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gaitonde, Datta] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yan, H (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1431 DI 10.2514/1.31530 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 315SR UT WOS:000256900500013 ER PT J AU Clark, BM Murray, CK Horvath, LL Deye, GA Rasnake, MS Longfield, RN AF Clark, Brychan M. Murray, Clinton K. Horvath, Lynn L. Deye, Gregory A. Rasnake, Mark S. Longfield, Robert N. TI Case-control study of armadillo contact and Hansen's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY; MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE; 9-BANDED ARMADILLO; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; TRANSMISSION; HANDLERS; TEXAS; MICE AB Hansen's disease (HD) continues to have worldwide impact despite efforts to eradicate the disease. Although a definitive transmission mode has not been identified, data supports an association between HD and contact with the nine-banded armadillo. We conducted a case-control study of 28 HD patients to determine if there is an association between armadillo exposure and HD. There was no association between HD and place of birth or having hunted, consumed, or had direct or indirect contact with deer, birds, or squirrels. Univariate analysis showed that residence in Mexico (P = 0.001), hunting rabbits (P = 0.04), cleaning rabbits (P < 0.001), and armadillo exposure from hunting (P = 0.005), cleaning (P = 0.004), consuming (P = 0.002) them, or having direct armadillo contact (P = 0.017) were associated with HD. Multivariate analysis showed that eating armadillos (P = 0.039, odds ratio [OR] = 3.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-12.4), cleaning rabbits (P = 0.018, OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.27-13.1), and having lived in Mexico (P = 0.006, OR = 24.9, 95% CI = 2.52-245) were associated with HD. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78216 USA. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, Med Modernizat Directorate, Falls Church, VA USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Texas Tyler, Med Specialty Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Ctr Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78216 USA. EM Clinton.murray@amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 310BS UT WOS:000256504500022 PM 18541777 ER PT J AU Huitron, S Bonvicino, A Fadare, O AF Huitron, Sonny Bonvicino, Amanda Fadare, Oluwole TI Patients with negative cervical biopsies after papanicolaou test interpretations of "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion": comparative longitudinal follow-up SO ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical biopsy; Papanicolaou test; squamous intraepithelial lesion; ASC-H ID UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ASC-H; CYTOLOGY INTERPRETATIONS; MANAGEMENT; PARTICIPANTS; RULE; LSIL AB Approximately half of women with a Papanicolaou (pap) test interpretation of "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion" (ASC-H) will have less than a high-grade dysplasia, diagnosed on their follow-up cervical biopsy sample. Herein, we compared the follow-up findings in a group of women with a negative cervical biopsy after a pap test interpretation of ASC-H (study group) with those of a randomly selected control group of women whose pap tests were interpreted as "negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy" during the same period. The diagnoses in every follow-up sample in the control and study groups were tabulated. Patients with previous ASC-H or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion interpretations, and/or high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnoses, were excluded. Both groups were then statistically compared regarding the diagnostic frequencies of each of the Bethesda 2001 categories and CIN grades. Of the 122 patients with ASC-H interpretations and documented histologic follow-up, the first follow-up biopsy was negative for dysplasia in 20 (16.4%). Seventy-six follow-up samples (70 pap tests, 6 biopsies) were obtained from these 20 patients. In the control group of 262 women with pap tests interpreted as "negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy," 641 follow-up samples (629 pap tests, 12 biopsies) were obtained. Patients in the study group were significantly more likely than their control group counterparts to have a follow-up (1) cytologic and/or histologic abnormality (23/76 vs 76/641, respectively; P=.00006), (2) "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" (ASC-US) interpretation (13/76 vs 43/641; P=.005), and (3) CIN grade 1 diagnosis (4/76 vs 10/641; P=.05). Approaching statistical significance was the comparatively increased frequency of CIN grade 2 to 3 diagnoses in the study group (2/76 vs 2/641; P=.058). If the analysis is restricted to I follow-up sample (the most severe) per patient, patients in the study group were still more likely than those in the control group to have a follow-up cytologic and/or histologic abnormality (12/20 vs 40/262; P=.0002), ASC-US interpretation (6/20 vs 22/262; P=.008), and follow-up CIN grade 2 to 3 diagnosis (2/20 vs 2/262; P=.03). It is concluded that patients whose cervical biopsies are devoid of dysplasia after an ASC-H interpretation still require close surveillance and follow-up because their risk of being diagnosed with follow-up cervical abnormalities is significantly above baseline. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huitron, Sonny; Bonvicino, Amanda; Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Huitron, Sonny; Bonvicino, Amanda] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Huitron, Sonny; Bonvicino, Amanda] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1092-9134 J9 ANN DIAGN PATHOL JI Ann. Diagn. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2007.09.001 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 308KZ UT WOS:000256390200005 PM 18486894 ER PT J AU Haji-saeed, B Woods, CL Kierstead, J Khoury, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Woods, Charles L. Kierstead, John Khoury, Jed TI Two-beam-coupling correlator for synthetic aperture radar image recognition with power-law scattering centers preenhancement SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; NOISE-REDUCTION; FILTERS AB Synthetic radar image recognition is an area of interest for military applications including automatic target recognition, air traffic control, and remote sensing. Here a dynamic range compression two-beam-coupling joint transform correlator for detecting synthetic aperture radar targets is utilized. The joint input image consists of a prepower-law, enhanced scattering center of the input image and a linearly synthesized power-law-enhanced scattering center template. Enhancing the scattering center of both the synthetic template and the input image furnishes the conditions for achieving dynamic range compression correlation in two-beam coupling. Dynamic range compression (a) enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, (b) enhances the high frequencies relative to low frequencies, and (c) converts the noise to high frequency components. This improves the correlation-peak intensity to the mean of the surrounding noise significantly. Dynamic range compression correlation has already been demonstrated to outperform many optimal correlation filters in detecting signals in severe noise environments. The performance is evaluated via established metrics such as peak-to-correlation energy, Homer efficiency, and correlation-peak intensity. The results showed significant improvement as the power increased. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Kierstead, John] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Woods, Charles L.; Khoury, Jed] RYHC, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Haji-saeed, B (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM bahareh.haji-saeed@hanscom.af.mil NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 3072 EP 3079 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003072 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 314ZI UT WOS:000256847300026 PM 18516129 ER PT J AU Urabe, K Ito, Y Tachibana, K Ganguly, BN AF Urabe, Keiichiro Ito, Yosuke Tachibana, Kunihide Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Behavior of N(2)(+) ions in he microplasma jet at atmospheric pressure measured by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA JETS AB The behavior of N(2)(+) ions in a low-frequency driven atmospheric pressure He plasma jet effused into ambient air was analyzed from laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy measurements. The gas temperature derived from the rotational distribution was kept near room temperature and the drift velocity of N(2)(+) ions estimated from the line shape was almost zero as compared to the apparent speed of the plasma bunch given by the spatiotemporal intensity profile. This shows that the mechanism of moving plasma bunches can be attributed to the ionization wave propagation similar to the streamer in positive corona discharge. (C) 2008 The Japan Society of Applied Physics. C1 [Urabe, Keiichiro; Ito, Yosuke; Tachibana, Kunihide] Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Urabe, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. RI Urabe, Keiichiro/G-4524-2011; Ito, Yosuke/F-9456-2012 OI Urabe, Keiichiro/0000-0001-9743-3184; NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 AR 066004 DI 10.1143/APEX.1.066004 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 320ZB UT WOS:000257272600037 ER PT J AU Hivnor, CM Hudkins, ML AF Hivnor, Chad M. Hudkins, Matthew L. TI Allergic contact dermatitis after postsurgical repair with 2-octylcyanoacrylate SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CYANOACRYLATE; ADHESIVES; GLUE RP Hivnor, CM (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Chad.Hivnor@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 144 IS 6 BP 814 EP 815 DI 10.1001/archderm.144.6.814 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 314FZ UT WOS:000256796200027 PM 18559785 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA AF Schwertner, H. A. TI Association of plasma cortisol and estradiol concentrations with elevated lipids and lipoproteins during pregnancy and delivery SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Schwertner, H. A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 SU S MA D34 BP A155 EP A155 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NN UT WOS:000256325700480 ER PT J AU Koepke, CG Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Kolitz, SE AF Koepke, Corbin G. Armacost, Andrew P. Barnhart, Cynthia Kolitz, Stephan E. TI An integer programming approach to support the US Air Force's air mobility network SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE airlift; military applications; scheduling; integer programming ID GROUND-HOLDING PROBLEM; THEORETIC TABU SEARCH; MILITARY AIRLIFT; TRAFFIC-CONTROL; FORMULATIONS; SYSTEM AB The United States Air Force's air mobility command is responsible for creating a schedule and executing that schedule for a large-scale air mobility network that encompasses aircraft with prioritized missions. Aerial ports (airports) can process or park a maximum number of aircraft, called the maximum on ground (MOG). As the schedule changes due to disruptions, such as equipment failure or weather, the MOG constraint can cause the new schedule to be infeasible. Traditionally, re-planning the channel route schedule to adhere to MOG constraints has been a manual process that usually stops after the first feasible set of changes is found, due to the challenges of large amounts of data and urgency for a re-plan. We extend Bertsimas and Stock's integer program formulation for the commercial airline Multi-Airport Ground-Holding Problem to the air mobility network. Our integer programming formulation recommends delays to certain aircraft on the ground to minimize the effects of system-wide disruptions while taking account mission priorities of the aircraft. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Ctr Transportat & Logist, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Armacost, AP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Rm 6H128, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ekoepke@alum.mit.edu; armacost@alum.mit.edu; barnhart@mit.edu; kolitz@draper.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1771 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2006.09.010 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 236HU UT WOS:000251294600003 ER PT J AU Laine, TI Bauer, KW AF Laine, Trevor I. Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr. TI A mathematical framework to optimize ATR systems with non-declarations and sensor fusion SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE automatic target recognition (ATR); combat identification (CID); sensor fusion; mixed variable optimization; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; rejection; classifier performance ID TARGET RECOGNITION; THRESHOLDS; ALGORITHMS AB Combat identification is one example where incorrect automatic target recognition (ATR) output labels may have substantial decision costs. For example, the incorrect labeling of hostile targets vs. friendly non-targets may have high costs; yet, these costs are difficult to quantify. One way to increase decision confidence is through fusion of data from multiple sources or from multiple looks through time. Numerous methods have been published to determine a Bayes' optimal fusion decision if decision costs are well known. This research presents a novel mathematical programming ATR evaluation framework. A new objective function inclusive of time is introduced to optimize and compare ATR systems. Constraints are developed to enforce both decision maker preferences and traditional engineering measures of performance. This research merges rejection and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis by incorporating rejection and ROC thresholds as decision variables. The rejection thresholds specify non-declaration regions, while the ROC thresholds explore viable true positive and false positive tradeoffs for output target labels. This methodology yields an optimal ATR system subject to decision maker constraints without using explicit costs for each type of output decision. A sample application is included for the fusion of two channels of collected polarized radar data for 10 different ground targets. A Boolean logic and probabilistic neural network fusion method are optimized and compared. Sensitivity analysis of significant performance parameters then reveals preferred regions for each of the fusion algorithms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bauer, KW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kenneth.Bauer@afit.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1789 EP 1812 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2006.09.012 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 236HU UT WOS:000251294600004 ER PT J AU Bullock, RK Deckro, RF Weir, JD AF Bullock, Richard K. Deckro, Richard F. Weir, Jeffery D. TI Methodology for competitive strategy development SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; game theory; competitive strategy development AB Fighting terrorists involves taking action against a highly adaptive and cunning adversary. In this competitive situation, however, those involved may have dissimilar objectives. Given this difference of purpose, selecting an optimal strategy to achieve one's objectives can be a complex task. Techniques from decision theory, and specifically value focused thinking (VFT), are proven approaches for developing creative strategies to,yield better decisions. However, these methods are focused on one decision maker choosing an optimal decision without reference to the affect the decision has on other decision makers and without reference to the affect the decisions of others have on them. On-the-other-hand, techniques especially suited for analyzing competitive situations, such as game theory, assume strategies exist without guidance on how to develop the strategies. This paper presents a methodology to bridge this gap by providing a means to develop strategies in competitive situations where the objectives of those involved are not necessarily the same. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.dectro@afit.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1865 EP 1873 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2006.09.016 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 236HU UT WOS:000251294600008 ER PT J AU Chan, Y Mahan, JM Chrissis, JW Drake, DA Wang, D AF Chan, Yupo Mahan, Jean M. Chrissis, James W. Drake, David A. Wang, Dong TI Hierarchical maximal-coverage location-allocation: Case of generalized search-and-rescue SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE maximal-coverage facility-location; location-allocation; primary vs. backup coverage; assignment; mutiobjective optimization; network flow; enhanced 911 ID PROGRAMMING-PROBLEMS; FACILITY LOCATION; ALGORITHM; FORMULATION; NETWORK; DEMAND AB We offer a variant of the maximal covering location problem to locate up to p signal-receiving stations. The "demands," called geolocations, to be covered by these stations are distress signals and/or transmissions from any targets. The problem is complicated by several factors. First, to find a signal location, the signal must be received by at least three stations-two lines of bearing for triangulation and a third for accuracy. Second, signal frequencies vary by source and the included stations do not necessarily receive all frequencies. One must decide which listening frequencies are allocated to which stations. Finally, the range or coverage area of a station varies stochastically because of meteorological conditions. This problem is modeled using a multiobjective (or multicriteria) linear integer program (MOLIP), which is an approximation of a highly nonlinear integer program. As a solution algorithm, the MOLIP is converted to a two-stage network-flow formulation that reduces the number of explicitly enumerated integer variables. Non-inferior solutions of the MOLIP are evaluated by a value function, which identifies solutions that are similar to the more accurate nonlinear model. In all case studies, the "best" non-inferior solutions were about one to four standard deviations better than the sample mean of thousands of randomly located receivers with heuristic frequency assignments. We also show that a two-stage network-flow algorithm is a practical solution to an intractable nonlinear integer model. Most importantly, the procedure has been implemented in the field. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Chan, Y (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, 2801 S Univ, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM ychan@alum.MIT.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1886 EP 1904 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2006.09.018 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 236HU UT WOS:000251294600010 ER PT J AU Baker, MT Van Hasselt, VB Sellers, AH AF Baker, Monty T. Van Hasselt, Vincent B. Sellers, Alfred H. TI Validation of the Novaco Anger Scale in an incarcerated offender population SO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE anger; assessment; validation; offenders; prison ID AGGRESSION QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; VIOLENT; SAMPLE; ADOLESCENTS; INVENTORY AB Many attempts have been made to construct measures that assess different aspects of anger. The Novaco Anger Scale (NAS) was developed to assess anger and predict violent behavior. Validity research on the NAS to date has yielded promising results. However, few studies have examined the NAS among incarcerated offenders. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the NAS; investigated its relationships to anger, social desirability, and personality; and evaluated its factor dimensions using confirmatory factor analytic procedures in a sample of male and female incarcerated adults. Results indicated that the theoretically derived scales of the NAS demonstrated both reliability and validity in these groups of offenders. Furthermore, the correlations between the NAS and anger measures were significant. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. C1 [Van Hasselt, Vincent B.; Sellers, Alfred H.] Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Baker, Monty T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Hasselt, VB (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, 3301 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0093-8548 J9 CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV JI Crim. Justice Behav. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 741 EP 754 DI 10.1177/0093854808316275 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Criminology & Penology SC Psychology; Criminology & Penology GA 304HY UT WOS:000256101800005 ER PT J AU Wentzell, JM Wisco, OJ AF Wentzell, J. Michael Wisco, Oliver J. TI Embryologic fusion planes: A plea for more precise analysis SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 [Wentzell, J. Michael] Billings Clin, Dept Dermatol, Billings, MT USA. [Wisco, Oliver J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wentzell, JM (reprint author), Billings Clin, Dept Dermatol, Billings, MT USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34161.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 308MW UT WOS:000256395700022 PM 18384370 ER PT J AU West, CJ AF West, Christopher J. TI A methodological framework for improving knowledge creation teams SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE crisis management; distributed cognition; team cognition; control center; crisis environment AB This article focuses on the applied research methodology developed in support of a research effort to assess the value of a systemically constructed framework whose intended purpose was to capture the impact of crisis environments on distributed cognition phenomena in Air Force base control centers. The general methodological approach is presented in this journal issue because it may inform other organizational change or learning initiatives or other applied research endeavors. Specifically, the methodology stresses using systemic conceptual frameworks of environment profiles coupled with organizational fitness profiles to iteratively assess fitness, intervene by environment selection and design, and reassess fitness in hopes of improving performance. In addition to focusing on how knowledge is created and managed within the control center, the methodological approach used to develop and refine the framework may also serve to inform the process other researchers may develop to generate knowledge about other organizational phenomena. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP West, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chrisjwest@yahoo.com NR 72 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 340RU UT WOS:000258663500003 ER PT J AU Eo, SM Oh, SJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Eo, Soo-Mi Oh, Se-Jin Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Poly(2,5-benzoxazole)/carbon nanotube composites via in situ polymerization of 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrochloride in a mild poly(phosphoric acid) SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE composites; multi-walled carbon nanotube; poly(2,5-benzoxazole); single-walled carbon nanotube ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOFIBER COMPOSITES; FIBERS; PURIFICATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; DISPERSION; MATRIX; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYSTYRENE; INTERFACE AB Poly(2,5-benzoxzole) (ABPBO)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were prepared via in situ polycondensation of "protonated" AB monomer, 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrochloride, in a mildly acidic poly(phosphoric acid) medium. In situ generated hydrochloric acid during the dehydrochlorination process provided additional acidity to the reaction medium. The enhanced acidity was advantageous for both the purification and dispersion of CNTs. Specifically, it was evident for the purification of as-received single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), which was contained a large portion of impurity (60-70 wt%). On the basis of the data obtained from elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the resultant composites implicated that individual tube of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and bundles of SWCNT were homogeneously dispersed into the ABPBO matrix. After in situ polymerization in harsh temperature at 175 degrees C and subsequent work-up processes, CNTs were remained structurally intact in a mild reaction medium. Thus, the PPA medium is indeed viable for the preparation of composite. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eo, Soo-Mi; Oh, Se-Jin; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1603 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.024 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 325WJ UT WOS:000257619000003 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ Hutson, AL Bartha, BB Nicholas, T AF Golden, P. J. Hutson, A. L. Bartha, B. B. Nicholas, T. TI Fatigue loading and life prediction in three fretting fatigue fixtures SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fretting; fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; fracture mechanics; life prediction ID TI-6AL-4V; THRESHOLD; CONTACT AB Three fixtures for conducting laboratory fretting fatigue tests are described and their respective testing methods and the results of the analysis are compared. Each of these fixtures has been used to investigate the effects of various parameters of interest in fretting fatigue. These fixtures include a unique apparatus in which all load applied to the specimen is transferred to the fretting pads, an apparatus similar to many found in the literature where partial load transfer occurs across the pads, and a simplified dovetail fixture in which the clamping load, P, and the shear load, Q, are varied in phase. Select test conditions from prior experiments performed on identical material and resulting in similar lives ranging from one to ten million cycles from these fixtures are identified. The various testing conditions were used to compute the unique stress field for each case. The resulting contact stresses were used to calculate crack initiation based criteria, and to calculate stress intensity factors. The three fixtures were shown to be able to accommodate a range of loads, fretting pad contours, and specimen geometries that produced a variety of stress fields. A crack-initiation-based criterion was shown to predict the failure lives of thinner specimens accurately. The stress intensity factor calculations showed the possibility of a crack arresting for a stress field that decays rapidly and the possibility of a local minimum for K as a function of depth. The fixtures are shown to be complementary in generating data for development of robust fretting fatigue models that use these criteria. C1 [Golden, P. J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hutson, A. L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bartha, B. B.] Universal Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nicholas, T.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil; alisha.hutson@wpafb.af.mil; bence.bartha@wpafb.af.mil; theodore.nicholas.ctr@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s11340-008-9130-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 305QY UT WOS:000256194100001 ER PT J AU Roscoe, SN Acosta, HM AF Roscoe, Stanley N. Acosta, Hector M. TI A flight by periscope and where it landed SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Review ID MOON ILLUSION; ACCOMMODATION; OPTOMETER AB Objective: This study defines display design factors linking visual accommodation and the perceived size of distant objects. Background: In 1947, in anticipation of augmented contact and sensor-relayed contact displays, a periscope was installed in an airplane to serve as a sensor-based contact display simulator. To achieve normal landing performance, however, the unity image had to be magnified. This successful intervention, first published in 1966 in Human Factors, implicated oculomotor mechanisms and higher perceptual functions and became the observational basis for a series of investigative hypotheses. Method: Observers registered the perceived size of the collimated image of a "moon" by adjusting a disk of light while alternatively providing optometric measurements of accommodative distance. Results: Various investigators found high correlations between focal distances and perceived moon sizes. Conclusion: The simulated moon provided a superior vehicle for revealing the relationship between focal distance and perceived size and the factors affecting both. The operational display design implications and the possibility of a partial explanation for the moon illusion provided the motivation for an important doctoral research project involving eight factors that affect both focal distance and perceived size. Application: The investigation reaffirmed that virtual images, as found in head-up and head-mounted displays (HUDs and HMDs, respectively), do not consistently draw focus to optical infinity and that a variety of factors necessarily manipulated by display designers and present in many operational systems can affect visual performance partially through the mediation of accommodation. C1 [Acosta, Hector M.] USAF, Mat Command, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Roscoe, Stanley N.] ILLIANA Aviat Sci, McKinleyville, CA USA. RP Acosta, HM (reprint author), USAF, Mat Command, 711th Human Performance Wing, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM HecTex@aol.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1518/001872008X288484 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 327JV UT WOS:000257726300005 PM 18689039 ER PT J AU Polak, M Barnes, PN Kvitkovic, J Levin, GA Mozola, P Usak, P AF Polak, M. Barnes, P. N. Kvitkovic, J. Levin, G. A. Mozola, P. Usak, P. TI Properties of an experimental coil wound with YBCO coated conductor carrying an AC current with frequencies up to 864 Hz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Council Appl Superconductiv DE AC superconducting coils; heating; losses; magnetic fields ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOSSES AB To study the properties of coils made out of the second generation superconducting wire, we designed, manufactured and tested an experimental double pancake coil wound with 4.2 meters of a 4 mm wide, copper stabilized YBCO coated conductor. The critical current of a short sample was 53 A at 77 K in self-field. The critical current of the single pancake coil based on the 1 mu V/cm criterion for the average electric field was approximately 30 A. The critical current of the complete double pancake was about 23 A. Using micro Hall probes, we measured the radial magnetic field component at the edges of the coil. The results clearly indicated the strong influence of the magnetization currents on the magnitude and distribution of the radial field component. AC losses in the coil were measured at frequencies of 54 Hz, 108 Hz, 216 Hz, 432 Hz and 864 Hz. At the critical current (16.2 A(rms)) and frequency 432 Hz the coil losses were 0.9 W. The magnetic measurements showed that the tape in the winding is exposed to a very inhomogeneous magnetic field. The experimental results of the field distribution in the winding were compared with the existing theoretical models. C1 [Polak, M.; Kvitkovic, J.; Mozola, P.; Usak, P.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. [Barnes, P. N.; Levin, G. A.] Prop Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. EM elekpola@savba.sk; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 1240 EP 1244 DI 10.1109/TASC.2008.920557 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 311UK UT WOS:000256625700279 ER PT J AU Usak, P Polak, M Kvitkovic, J Mozola, P Barnes, PN Levin, GA AF Usak, P. Polak, M. Kvitkovic, J. Mozola, P. Barnes, P. N. Levin, G. A. TI Current distribution in the winding of a superconducting coil SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Council Appl Superconductiv DE current distribution; hall probe; HTS tape; magnetization current; superconducting coil ID MAGNETIZATION; CONDUCTORS; TAPES AB The current distribution in a HTS coil winding which uses a wide superconducting tape reflects the history of the current sourcing, the local inhomogeneity and especially the local distribution of the radial component of the magnetic field inside the winding. We measured the radial component of the magnetic field in a rectangular frame around the winding cross-section using a thin Hall probe. From the mapped data of radial component, the current distribution in the cross-section of the winding was determined using an inverse calculation relating the known mapped data and unknown distribution of the current's circumferential component in the coil. The Tikhonov method of regularization was applied in the calculation. The exact current distribution in the winding cross-section was approximated by a dense mesh of discrete points. The results are expressed for different coil currents during a gradual ramping up and down. C1 [Usak, P.; Polak, M.; Kvitkovic, J.; Mozola, P.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. [Barnes, P. N.; Levin, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Usak, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. EM Pavol.Usak@savba.sk; Paul.Barnes@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 1597 EP 1600 DI 10.1109/TASC.2008.920589 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 311UK UT WOS:000256625700366 ER PT J AU Hoff, BW Gilgenbach, RM Jordan, NM Lau, YY Cruz, EJ French, DM Gomez, MR Zier, JC Spencer, TA Price, D AF Hoff, Brad W. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Jordan, N. M. Lau, Y. Y. Cruz, Edward J. French, David M. Gomez, Matthew R. Zier, Jacob C. Spencer, Thomas A. Price, David TI Magnetic priming at the cathode of a relativistic magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high power microwaves; magnetron; mode competition; priming; startup ID MICROWAVE MAGNETRONS; OVEN MAGNETRONS; STARTUP; NOISE; SIMULATIONS; FIELD AB Experiments have been performed in testing magnetic priming at the cathode of a relativistic magnetron to study the effects on high-power microwave performance. Magnetic priming consists of N/2 azimuthal magnetic perturbations applied to an N-cavity magnetron for rapid generation of the desired number of electron spokes for the pi-mode. Magnetic perturbations were imposed by utilizing three high-permeability nickel-iron wires embedded beneath the emission,region of the cathode, spaced 120 degrees apart. Magnetic priming was demonstrated to increase the percentage of pi-mode shots by 15% over the baseline case. Mean peak power for pi-mode shots was found to be higher in the magnetically primed case by almost a factor of two. Increases in mean microwave pulsewidth were also observed in the magnetically primed case when compared to the unprimed case (66-ns primed versus 50-ns unprimed). Magnetron starting current for the magnetically primed pi-mode exhibited a reduction to 69% of the unprimed baseline starting current. C1 [Hoff, Brad W.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Jordan, N. M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Cruz, Edward J.; French, David M.; Gomez, Matthew R.; Zier, Jacob C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spencer, Thomas A.] USAF, Res Lab, High Power Microwave Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Price, David] Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Hoff, BW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.923732 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800019 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Haworth, M Cartwright, K Umstattd, R Ruebush, M Heidger, S LaCour, M Golby, K Sullivan, D Duselis, P Luginsland, J AF Shiffler, Don Haworth, Michael Cartwright, Keith Umstattd, Ryan Ruebush, Mitch Heidger, Susan LaCour, Matthew Golby, Ken Sullivan, Don Duselis, Peter Luginsland, John TI Review of cold cathode research at the Air Force Research Laboratory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold cathodes; field emission cathodes; high power microwaves (HPMs) ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODES; POWER MICROWAVE SOURCES; LEVEL PLASMA FORMATION; IODIDE COATED CATHODE; CARBON-FIBER CATHODES; CHILD-LANGMUIR LAW; SPACE-CHARGE; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRONS; ELECTRON-BEAM; EVOLUTION AB Over the last decade, the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/DE) has engaged in a high current density field emission cathode research program. This program explored the aspects of cathode materials as well as the details of cathode geometries and emission physics. This paper summarizes the results of this ongoing research effort to date. We review the history and motivation for the program, which provide insight into the physics issues of concern for various vacuum electronic sources. One important aspect of the program consists of the investigation of new cathode materials. For many high power microwave (RPM) sources, neutral out-gassing, which ties critically with cathode materials, plays a key role in the effective operation of the source. These material properties influence plasma formation, which in turn dictates the operation of an HPM device. For a,cathode material, AFRL chose to focus on cesium-iodide-coated carbon fiber cathodes, which we discuss in detail here. A second important aspect of the program consists of understanding emission physics and the optimum geometries for a cathode. This aspect couples closely with electron beam quality, which in turns effects the electron beam interaction with microwaves in the HPM structure. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implementation of the cathode material on both a Magnetically Insulated transmission Line Oscillator and a relativistic magnetron. C1 [Shiffler, Don; Haworth, Michael; Cartwright, Keith; Heidger, Susan] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Umstattd, Ryan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ruebush, Mitch] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [LaCour, Matthew; Golby, Ken] SAIC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Sullivan, Don; Duselis, Peter] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Luginsland, John] NUMEREX Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM don.shiffler@kirtland.af.mil NR 41 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 718 EP 728 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.926227 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800020 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, Robert A. Yaghjian, Arthur D. TI Electromagnetic waves on partially finite periodic arrays of lossless or lossy penetrable spheres SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP IEICE Commun Soc DE periodic arrays; scattering matrices; traveling waves; magnetodielectric spheres ID MATRIX AB An exact computable expression is obtained for the electromagnetic field of a three-dimensional partially finite periodic array of lossless or lossy magnetodielectric spheres illuminated by a plane wave propagating parallel to the array axis. The array is finite in the direction of the array axis and is of infinite extent in the directions transverse to the array axis. Illustrative numerical examples are presented. C1 [Shore, Robert A.; Yaghjian, Arthur D.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.shore@hanscom.af.mil NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8516 EI 1745-1345 J9 IEICE T COMMUN JI IEICE Trans. Commun. PD JUN PY 2008 VL E91B IS 6 BP 1819 EP 1824 DI 10.1093/ietcom/e91-b.6.1819 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 315EM UT WOS:000256860800019 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Dotan, I Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony J. Dotan, Itzhak Viggiano, A. A. TI Reactions of PO(x)Cl(y)(-) ions with O(2)(a 1 Delta(g)), H(2)O, and Cl(2) at 298 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE kinetics; phosphorus oxychloride; oxygen singlet delta; chlorine; water ID TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; OXYGEN PLASMA; NEGATIVE-IONS; O(P-3) ATOMS; GAS-PHASE; FLOW TUBE; CHEMISTRY; POCL3; O-2(A(1)DELTA(G)) AB The rate constants and product branching ratios for the reactions of phosphorus oxychloride anions, PO(x)Cl(y)(-) for x = 1-2 and y = 1-3, with O(2)(a (1) Delta(g)), Cl(2), and H(2)O have been measured in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) at 298 K. A mixture of O(2)(a (1) Delta g) in O(2) has been produced using a recently designed chemical singlet oxygen generator (sparger) with an emission detection scheme adopted previously in our laboratory. The experiments continue a series of investigations into the oxidation reactions of PO(x)Cl(y)(-) ions, searching for pathways to the terminal PO(2)(-) and PO(3)(-) ions observed in combustion chemistry with POCl(3) present. None of the PO(x)Cl(y)(-) ions react with H(2)O or O(2)(a (1) Delta g). The O(2)(a (1) Delta g) rate constants have a limit of < 1 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1), except for PO(2)Cl(-) where a limit of <5 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) has been determined. The H(2)O rate constants have limits of < 1 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1). All of the PO(x)Cl(y)(-) ions react with Cl(2), excluding PO(3)(-) and PO(2)Cl(2)(-). Depending on the reactant ion, Cl(-), Cl(2)(-) or PO(2)Cl(2)(-) product ions form. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Midey, Anthony J.; Dotan, Itzhak; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 273 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.02.005 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 302YD UT WOS:000256005100002 ER PT J AU Garb, H AF Garb, Howard TI Causal versus probabilistic reasoning in clinical judgment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garb, Howard] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 349EO UT WOS:000259264302036 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Albrecht, JD AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. TI Exact closed-form electromagnetic Green's functions for graded uniaxial multiferroic materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION; POLARIZATION; FIELDS AB Functionally graded multiferroic composites are being investingated in order to tailor the electromagnetic properties of synthetic surfaces and material interfaces. Theoretical representations of multiferroic materials simultaneously account for magnetization and ferroelectric polarization in a strongly coupled system. In this paper, exact closed-form electromagnetic Green's functions due to electric and magnetic point sources are derived for the general class of uniaxial multiferroics with functionally graded compositions where the material property varies exponentially in an arbitrary direction. After the introduction of two new functions, the set of coupled governing partial differential equations is separated into two independent inhomogeneous partial differential equations. These resultant equations are further cast in Helmholtz form so that solutions can be derived expediently. We observed that the derived Green's functions in the graded case possess symmetric properties in their indices, but not in their spatial variables. Numerical results show that the amplitudes of the field response along the direction of the compositional gradient can be either matched to a uniform material or systematically reduced, as necessary. Finally, Green's functions are applied to study the electric dipole-induced electric and magnetic potentials in the functionally graded multiferroics. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Appl Math, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 AR 113511 DI 10.1063/1.2939263 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 312XR UT WOS:000256706200027 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Retterer, JM Abdu, MA Batista, IS Reinisch, BW AF McNamara, Leo F. Retterer, John M. Abdu, M. A. Batista, Inez S. Reinisch, Bodo W. TI F2 Peak parameters, drifts and spread F derived from digisonde ionograms for the COPEX campaign in Brazil SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; instruments and techniques ID BOTTOMSIDE IONOGRAMS; ELECTRON-CONTENT; EQUATORIAL; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; REGION AB Digisonde ionograms recorded in Brazil during the COPEX campaign of 2002 have been analyzed to determine the diurnal variations of the F2 peak parameters (foF2, hmF2 and the Chapman scale height, Hm) for the three COPEX stations, Boa Vista, Cachimbo and Campo Grande. Values of foF2 were derived at 15-min intervals for UT days 278-298. The autoscaled F2 traces for all ionograms recorded on several days were modified manually as required and then used to derive the F2 peak parameters. The Cachimbo ionograms have also been analyzed to determine the post-sunset vertical drifts and the occurrence of spread F echoes at the magnetic equator. Spread F occurred on similar to 90% of the nights at all three sites, limiting the number of ionograms that provide well-defined peak parameters during these conditions. The ionograms provide a wealth of details not previously reported for equatorial locations, and not predicted by current models of the equatorial ionosphere. In this paper, we discuss the correlation between the observed vertical drifts and the occurrence of spread F echoes, describe the short-term variability of the three peak parameters, and provide brief interpretations of this variability in terms of the processes that control plasma production and transport. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McNamara, Leo F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Retterer, John M.] USAF, Res Lab, Res Vchicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Abdu, M. A.; Batista, Inez S.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12202970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Reinisch, Bodo W.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM leo.mcnamara@hanscom.af.mil RI Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 8-9 BP 1144 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.02.001 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 325OV UT WOS:000257599100002 ER PT J AU Waters, BM Joshi, KG Flynn, J AF Waters, Brian M. Joshi, Kaustubh G. Flynn, Julianne TI Olanzapine-associated new-onset atrial fibrillation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CLOZAPINE C1 [Waters, Brian M.; Joshi, Kaustubh G.] USAF, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. [Waters, Brian M.; Joshi, Kaustubh G.; Flynn, Julianne] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Flynn, Julianne] Audie L Murphy S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX USA. [Flynn, Julianne] Audie L Murphy S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Dept Internal Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Waters, BM (reprint author), USAF, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. EM brian.waters@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-0749 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 354 EP 355 DI 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318173082c PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 301RT UT WOS:000255914000019 PM 18480700 ER PT J AU Macula, AJ Schliep, A Bishop, MA Renz, TE AF Macula, Anthony J. Schliep, Alexander Bishop, Morgan A. Renz, Thomas E. TI New, improved, and practical k-stem sequence similarity measures for probe design SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bit-vector; BLAST; edit; hamming; insertion-deletion; nearest neighbor; probe; sequence similarity; target ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; ALGORITHM; INSERTION; THERMODYNAMICS; SELECTION AB We define new measures of sequence similarity for oligonucleotide probe design. These new measures incorporate the nearest neighbor k-stem motifs in their definition, but can be efficiently computed by means of a bit-vector method. They are not as computationally costly as algorithms that predict nearest neighbor hybridization potential. Our new measures for sequence similarity correlate significantly better with nearest neighbor thermodynamic predictions than either BLAST or the standard edit or insertion-deletion defined similarities already in use in many different probe design applications. C1 [Macula, Anthony J.; Bishop, Morgan A.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Biomath Grp, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Schliep, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Dept Computat Mol Biol, Berlin, Germany. [Renz, Thomas E.] USAF, IFTC, Res Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Biomath Grp, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM macula@geneseo.edu OI Schliep, Alexander/0000-0002-3555-3188 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1089/cmb.2007.0208 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 318TK UT WOS:000257115500004 PM 18549305 ER PT J AU Beukes, PC Palliser, CC Macdonald, KA Lancaster, JAS Levy, G Thorrold, BS Wastney, ME AF Beukes, P. C. Palliser, C. C. Macdonald, K. A. Lancaster, J. A. S. Levy, G. Thorrold, B. S. Wastney, M. E. TI Evaluation of a whole-farm model for pasture-based dairy systems SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy system model; simulation; pasture ID COWS; METABOLISM; LACTATION; EQUATIONS; GENOTYPE; PREDICT; GROWTH AB In the temperate climate of New Zealand, animals can be grazed outdoors all year round. The pasture is supplemented with conserved feed, with the amount being determined by seasonal pasture growth, genetics of the herd, and stocking rate. The large number of factors that affect production makes it impractical and expensive to use field trials to explore all the farm system options. A model of an in situ-grazed pasture system has been developed to provide a tool for developing and testing novel farm systems; for example, different levels of bought-in supplements and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application, to maintain sustainability or environmental integrity and profitability. It consists of a software framework that links climate information, on a daily basis, with dynamic, mechanistic component-models for pasture growth and animal metabolism, as well as management policies. A unique feature is that the component models were developed and published by other groups, and are retained in their original software language. The aim of this study was to compare the model, called the whole-farm model (WFM) with a farm trial that was conducted over 3 yr and in which data were collected specifically for evaluating the WFM. Data were used from the first year to develop the WFM and data from the second and third year to evaluate the model. The model predicted annual pasture production, end-of-season cow liveweight, cow body condition score, and pasture cover across season with relative prediction error <20%. Milk yield and milksolids (fat + protein) were overpredicted by approximately 30% even though both annual and monthly pasture and supplement intake were predicted with acceptable accuracy, suggesting that the metabolic conversion of feed to fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland needs to be refined. Because feed growth and intake predictions were acceptable, economic predictions can be made using the WFM, with an adjustment for milk yield, to test different management policies, alterations in climate, or the use of genetically improved animals, pastures, or crops. C1 [Beukes, P. C.; Palliser, C. C.; Macdonald, K. A.; Lancaster, J. A. S.; Levy, G.; Thorrold, B. S.; Wastney, M. E.] DairyNZ Ltd, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Beukes, PC (reprint author), DairyNZ Ltd, Private Bag 3221, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Pierre.beukes@dairynz.co.nz NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 6 BP 2353 EP 2360 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0728 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 302CG UT WOS:000255945800020 PM 18487657 ER PT J AU Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Sieck, PE Waganaar, WJ Renneke, R Dorf, L Kostora, M Hsu, SC Lynn, AG Gilmore, M Siemon, RE Awe, T Degnan, J Grabowski, C Ruden, EL AF Intrator, T. P. Wurden, G. A. Sieck, P. E. Waganaar, W. J. Renneke, R. Dorf, L. Kostora, M. Hsu, S. C. Lynn, A. G. Gilmore, M. Siemon, R. E. Awe, T. Degnan, J. Grabowski, C. Ruden, E. L. TI Physics basis and progress for a translating FRC for MTF SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE field reversed configuration; magneto inertial fusion; magnetized target fusion; high energy density laboratory plasmas ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION AB We describe a physics scaling model used to design the high density field reversed configuration (FRC) at LANL that will translate into a mirror bounded compression region, and undergo Magnetized Target Fusion compression to a high energy density plasma. At Kirtland AFRL the FRC will be compressed inside a flux conserving cylindrical shell. The theta pinch formed FRC will be expelled from inside a conical theta coil. Even though the ideal FRC has zero helicity and toroidal magnetic field, significant non-ideal properties follow from formation within a conical (not cylindrical) theta coil. The FRC stability and lifetime properties may improve. Several experimental features will also allow unique scientific investigations of this high Lundquist number but collisional plasma. C1 [Intrator, T. P.; Wurden, G. A.; Sieck, P. E.; Waganaar, W. J.; Renneke, R.; Dorf, L.; Kostora, M.; Hsu, S. C.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lynn, A. G.; Gilmore, M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Siemon, R. E.; Awe, T.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Degnan, J.; Grabowski, C.; Ruden, E. L.] AF Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Intrator, TP (reprint author), LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM intrator@lanl.gov RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s10894-007-9090-5 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259DY UT WOS:000252920500013 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Hammer, JH AF Ruden, Edward L. Hammer, James H. TI Stability of plasma configurations during compression SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Kadomtsev profile; magnetized target fusion; field reversed configuration ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; DIFFUSE Z-PINCH AB Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) efforts are based on calculations showing that the addition of a closed magnetic field relaxes the driver pressure and pulse width requirements for inertial confinement fusion by reducing thermal conductivity. Instabilities that result in convective bulk transport at the Alfven time scale are of particular concern since they are much faster than the implosion time. This paper focuses on the hard-core z-pinch and the field reversed configuration (FRC), two competing geometries presently being explored for MTF. Instabilities during compression may result from a violation of the Kadomstev stability criteria for the former, and increased angular velocity due to angular momentum conservation for the latter. Basic analytic considerations are addressed to provide a baseline for more detailed modeling. C1 [Ruden, Edward L.] Directed Energy Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hammer, James H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), Directed Energy Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM edward.ruden@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s10894-007-9114-1 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259DY UT WOS:000252920500025 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Voevodin, AA Vaia, RA Pender, M Dianianti, SJ Phillips, B AF Patton, Steven T. Voevodin, Andrey A. Vaia, Richard A. Pender, Mark Dianianti, Steve J. Phillips, Ben TI Nanoparticle liquids for surface modification and lubrication of MEMS switch contacts SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE lubrication; microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches; nanoparticle liquids (NPLs); reliability ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GOLD; CATION; SIZE AB Contact failures in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches, particularly during hot switching, prevent their widespread use. In this paper, a nanoparticle liquid (NPL) lubricant is synthesized and deposited on MEMS switch contacts as a nanotechnology-based lubricant. NPLs are monolithic hybrid materials comprised of an inorganic nanosized metallic core and an organic low viscosity corona. The NPL used here utilizes either An or Pt nanoparticles as the core and a mercaptoethanesulfonate ionic liquid as the corona. Performance, reliability, and chemical/physical processes on hot-switched NPL-lubricated contact surfaces were investigated at high (1 mA) and low (10 mu A) currents using a micro/nanoadhesion apparatus as a MEMS switch simulator with in situ monitoring of contact resistance and adhesion force. This was coupled with ex-situ analyses of the contacts using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning Auger spectroscopy. NPLs exhibited improved electrical performance and durability (orders of magnitude improvement) as compared to uncoated and self-assembled monolayer-coated switch contacts. Improved performance and reliability results from the following: 1) controlled nanoscale surface roughness that spreads current through multiple nanocontacts; 2) restricted size melting regions and termination of nanowire growth (prevents shorting) during contact opening; 3) enhanced thermal and electrical conductivity that reduces lubricant degradation; and 4) lubricant self-healing (flow to damaged areas) as confirmed with physical and chemical analyses. Based on these results, NPLs show excellent potential as surface modifiers/lubricants for MEMS switch contacts. C1 [Patton, Steven T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.; Vaia, Richard A.; Pender, Mark; Phillips, Ben] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dianianti, Steve J.] Huntsman Int, Core Sci Team, B-3078 Everberg, Belgium. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steve.patton@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.924249 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 311UQ UT WOS:000256626300021 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Eyink, KG Brown, GJ Dorsey, DL Kisielowski, CF Thust, A AF Mahalingam, K. Eyink, K. G. Brown, G. J. Dorsey, D. L. Kisielowski, C. F. Thust, A. TI Compositional analysis of mixed-cation-anion III-V semiconductor interfaces using phase retrieval high-resolution transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE exit-plane wave function; focal series reconstruction; high-rersolution transmission electron microscopy; multivariate statistical analysis; III-V semiconductor interfaces ID INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; MULTIVARIATE-STATISTICS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM-WELLS; RECONSTRUCTION; SEGREGATION; FAMILY; IMAGES; HRTEM AB Employing exit-plane wave function (EPWF) reconstruction in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), we have developed an approach to atomic scale compositional analysis of III-V semiconductor interfaces, especially suitable for analyzing quaternary heterostructures with intermixing in both cation and anion sub-lattices. Specifically, we use the focal-series reconstruction technique, which retrieves the complex-valued EPWF from a thru-focus series of HRTEM images. A study of interfaces in Al(0.4)Ga(0.6)As-GaAs and In(0.25)Ga(0.75)Sb-InAs heterostructures using focal-series reconstruction shows that change in chemical composition along individual atomic columns across an interface is discernible in the phase image of the reconstructed EPWF. To extract the interface composition profiles along the cation and anion sub-lattices, quantitative analysis of the phase image is performed using factorial analysis of correspondence. This enabled independent quantification of changes in the In-Ga and As-Sb contents across ultra-thin interfacial regions (approximately 0.6 nm wide) with true atomic resolution, in the In(0.25)Ga(0.75)Sb-InAs heterostructure. The validity of the method is demonstrated by analyzing simulated HRTEM images of an InAs-GaSb-InAs model structure with abrupt and graded interfaces. Our approach is general, permitting atomic-level compositional analysis of heterostructures with two species per sub-lattice, hitherto unfeasible with existing HRTEM methods. C1 [Mahalingam, K.; Eyink, K. G.; Brown, G. J.; Dorsey, D. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kisielowski, C. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thust, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Solid State Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Thust, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Ernst Ruska Ctr Microscopy & Spect Electrons, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnamurthy.mahalingam@wpafb.af.mil RI Thust, Andreas/K-5856-2013 OI Thust, Andreas/0000-0001-6416-7617 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 230 IS 3 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.01995.x PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 305ET UT WOS:000256161300005 PM 18503662 ER PT J AU Alcaraz, AN Duhau, RS Fernandez, JR Harrowell, P Miracle, DB AF Alcaraz, A. N. Duhau, R. S. Fernandez, J. R. Harrowell, Peter Miracle, D. B. TI Dense amorphous packing of binary hard sphere mixtures with chemical order: The stability of a solute ordered approximant SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals; metallic glasses; modeling and simulation; medium-range order ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; METALLIC GLASSES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; EQUAL SPHERES; ASSEMBLIES; CIRCLES AB Recently, Miracle proposed that the intermediate structure in metallic glasses could be usefully characterized as an ordered face centered cubic packing of solute-centered coordination clusters. In this paper we examine the stability of such solute ordered arrangements in binary hard sphere mixtures subject to density maximization through local particle moves. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harrowell, Peter] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Alcaraz, A. N.; Duhau, R. S.; Fernandez, J. R.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Res Grp Leader Met Composites, Dayton, OH USA. RP Harrowell, P (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM peter@chem.usyd.edu.au NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 27 BP 3171 EP 3178 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.01.004 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 314NS UT WOS:000256816700011 ER PT J AU Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Martinez, T Santiago, F Wick, DV Wilcox, CC AF Restaino, S. R. Andrews, J. R. Martinez, T. Santiago, F. Wick, D. V. Wilcox, C. C. TI Adaptive optics using MEMS and liquid crystal devices SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Topical Meeting of the European-Optical-Society on Optical Microsystems CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 2007 CL Capri, ITALY SP European Opt Soc DE adaptive optics; liquid crystals; MEM devices; non-mechanical zoom ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; PHASE MODULATOR; TURBULENCE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; GENERATION; ZOOM AB In the past two decades, the use of adaptive optics has been validated in many different observatories around the world. However, the availability of new technologies like liquid crystal modulators (LCM) or micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) deformable mirrors (DM) are providing a revolution in the field. These devices are lower in cost and complexity and are opening the door to applications of adaptive optics that are beyond the astronomical use. In this paper we will present a review of our experience with both MEMS and LCM. Both theoretical and experimental results will be presented. C1 [Restaino, S. R.; Andrews, J. R.; Martinez, T.; Santiago, F.; Wilcox, C. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7216, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Wick, D. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7216, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 AR 064006 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/10/6/064006 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 311SK UT WOS:000256619700007 ER PT J AU Schmidt, ER Townsend, J AF Schmidt, Eric R. Townsend, Julia TI Unusual complication of subacute osteomyelitis following tibial bone graft: Report of a case SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PROXIMAL TIBIA; DONOR SITE; CANCELLOUS BONE; MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY; INTRAVENOUS SEDATION; EXPERIENCE; MORBIDITY C1 [Townsend, Julia] Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Schmidt, Eric R.] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Townsend, J (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, 290,710 Lawrence Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. EM juliatow@sbcglobal.net NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1290 EP 1293 DI 10.1016/j.jams.2007.04.036 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 306SJ UT WOS:000256267800031 PM 18486800 ER PT J AU Bannister, SR Powell, CA AF Bannister, Sharon R. Powell, Charles A. TI Foreign body reaction to anorganic bovine bone and autogenous bone with platelet-rich plasma in guided bone regeneration SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bio-Oss; bone regeneration; case report; platelet-rich plasma ID ABILITY; INDUCE; ENHANCEMENT; ALLOGRAFT; GRAFTS; DEFECT AB Background: Guided bone regeneration is frequently performed to augment deficient alveolar ridges. Although many materials may be used for these procedures, the outcome is usually predictable. In this report, we present an unusual reaction to a frequently used commercially available xenograft material. Methods: A 36-year-old African American male was referred for restoration of edentulous space #8. Examination confirmed a ridge inadequate for implant placement without augmentation. A staged approach was chosen, with augmentation by a mixture of autogenous bone and anorganic bovine bone with platelet-rich plasma and a bioabsorbable Collagen membrane. Healing was uneventful, although after 4 months, upon flap reflection, no regenerated hard tissue was found. The tissue at the site was submitted for histology, and the site was regrafted with an allograft/xenograft mixture and covered by a bioabsorbable Collagen membrane. Wound healing was uneventful, and a histologic core was obtained at implant placement 5 months later. Results: The initial histologic specimen consisted of a fibrous connective tissue matrix supporting islands of the anorganic bovine bone. The majority of the graft material demonstrated an intimate association with multinucleated foreign body-type giant cells. The histologic core obtained at the second procedure consisted of trabeculae of viable lamellar bone and associated fibrous connective tissue without a significant inflammatory cell infiltrate. Scattered particles of anorganic bovine bone were present, but no foreign body-type giant cells were identified. Conclusion: Failure of commonly used materials for guided bone regeneration is rare, however, different batches of materials may elicit varying immune responses in the recipient. RP Bannister, SR (reprint author), 6th Dent Squadron,8415 Bayshore Blvd, Macdill AFB, FL 33621 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1120 DI 10.1902/jop.2008.060475 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 312CK UT WOS:000256646500023 PM 18533792 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In-Yup Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Nanocomposites derived from in situ grafting of linear and hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone)s containing flexible oxyethylene spacers onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; electrophilic substitution reaction; hyperbranched; nanocomposites; poly(ether-ketone)s; polycondensation ID POLYMERS; NANOFIBERS; ACID; FUNCTIONALIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; POLYSTYRENE; COMPOSITES; DISPERSION; FRAGMENTS; CHAINS AB Linear and hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone)s (PEKs) containing flexible oxyethylene spacers grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (PEK-g-MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared by direct Friedel-Crafts acylation as the polymer forming and grafting reaction. To achieve the composites, in situ polycondensations of AB monomers 3-(2-phenoxyethoxy)benzoic acid (3-PEBA) and 4-(2-phenoxyethoxy)benzoic acid (4-PEBA), and AB(2) monomer 3,5-bis(2-phenoxyethoxy)benzoic acid (3,5-BPEBA) were carried out in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MVVNTs). The reaction conditions, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with additional phosphorous phentoxide (P2O5) in the temperature range of 110-120 degrees C, were previously optimized. The conditions were used as the polymerization and grafting medium that were indeed benign not to damage MWNTs but strong enough to promote the covalent attachment of PEKs onto the surface of the electron-deficient MWNTs. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy studies, the polymers were uniformly grafted onto the MWNTs. The resultant nanocomposites are soluble in most strong acids such as trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid. Both isothermal and dynamic TGA studies in air showed that nanocomposites displayed improved thermo-oxidative stability when compared with those of corresponding PEK homopolymers. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Jeon, In-Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch,RXBP, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3471 EP 3481 DI 10.1002/pola.22649 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 308KY UT WOS:000256390100014 ER PT J AU Vaughan, DK AF Vaughan, David K. TI Huston, we have a problem: A kaleidoscope of filmmaking memories SO JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Vaughan, David K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Vaughan, DK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3840 J9 J POP CULT JI J. Pop. Cult. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 559 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1540-5931.2008.00534_14.x PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Cultural Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Cultural Studies GA 301PM UT WOS:000255908100024 ER PT J AU McGraw, TA Turiansky, GW AF McGraw, Timothy A. Turiansky, George W. TI Cutaneous myiasis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DERMATOBIA-HOMINIS LARVAE; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WOHLFAHRTIA-VIGIL WALKER; FURUNCULAR MYIASIS; CORDYLOBIA-ANTHROPOPHAGA; TUMBU-FLY; SCREWWORM FLY; WORLD SCREWWORM; HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX AB Myiasis is the infestation of living tissue by the larvae of flies in the order Diptera. Cutaneous involvement is the most common type of myiasis. Cutaneous myiasis can be subdivided into furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis. Each subtype is reviewed with discussion of the larvae involved, presenting signs and symptoms, clinical differential diagnoses, and treatment. Preventive measures are also described. C1 [McGraw, Timothy A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [McGraw, Timothy A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Turiansky, George W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [McGraw, Timothy A.] The Pentagon, Pentagon Air Force Flight Med Clin, Washington, DC USA. [Turiansky, George W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Turiansky, George W.] The Pentagon, DiLorenzo TRICARE Hlth Clin, Washington, DC USA. RP McGraw, TA (reprint author), USAF, MC, FS, 1760 Air Force Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM timothy.mcgraw@us.af.mil NR 150 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 6 BP 907 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.014 PG 20 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 303QO UT WOS:000256055800001 PM 18485982 ER PT J AU Breidenbaugh, MS Haagsma, KA Walker, WW Sanders, DM AF Breidenbaugh, Mark S. Haagsma, Karl A. Walker, Wes W. Sanders, David M. TI Post-Hurricane Rita mosquito surveillance and the efficacy of air force aerial applications for mosquito control in east Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE emergency mosquito control; aerial ultra-low volume; naled; post-hurricane response AB Post-Hurricane Rita mosquito surveillance was carried out in 4 east Texas counties to determine mosquito abundance, species composition, and need for mosquito control. Subsequently, aerial applications of naled (Dibrom (R)) for mosquito control were made by the Air Force Aerial Spray Flight, while continued surveillance documented the efficacy of the applications. Psorophora columbiae was the predominant species in landing Counts. Twenty-two mosquito species were represented in light trap collections with Aedes atlanitcus/tormentor, Culex nigripalpus, Ae. vexans, and Ps. columbiae making up 91 % of the total. A total of 102,001 ha (252,052 acres) were aerially treated based on high mosquito abundance, exposure of first responders and residents to nuisance biting, and local interruption of electric utilities. A significant 90% decline in mosquito abundance was observed posttreatment. C1 [Breidenbaugh, Mark S.; Haagsma, Karl A.] Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. [Walker, Wes W.; Sanders, David M.] AF Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Breidenbaugh, MS (reprint author), Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, 757 Aerial Spray Flight, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.2987/5731.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 316IT UT WOS:000256943600022 PM 18666545 ER PT J AU Lu, QZ Hu, BH Wang, J Zhang, Y AF Lu Qiu-zhen Hu Bang-hui Wang Ju Zhang Yong TI IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION ON THE INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONE SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE western North Pacific; TC; frequency; interdecadal variation; large scale circulation AB Based on the annual frequency data of tropical cyclones from 1960 to 2005 and by the polynomial fit and statistical analysis, this work has discovered that TC activity in the 46a exhibits significant decadal-scale variability. It has two high frequency periods (HFP) and two low frequency periods (LFP). Significant differences in the number of TCs between HFP and LFP are found in active TC seasons from July to October. Differences of large-scale circulation during HFP and LFP have been investigated with NCEP/NOAA data for the season. In HFP, the condition includes not only higher sea surface temperature, lower sea level pressure, larger divergence of upper air, larger relative vorticity at low levels and smaller vertical shear, but also 500-hPa wind vector being more available for TC activity and moving to western North Pacific, the position of the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific shifting more northward, and South Asian Anticyclone at 100-hPa being much smaller than that in LFP. The precipitation of western North Pacific has no clear influence on TC activity. C1 [Lu Qiu-zhen] Shenyang Meteorol Ctr, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. [Hu Bang-hui; Wang Ju] PLA Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Meteorol, Nanjing 211101, Peoples R China. [Zhang Yong] USAF, Meteorol Observ, Dalian 116103, Peoples R China. RP Lu, QZ (reprint author), Shenyang Meteorol Ctr, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. EM luqiuzhen@tom.com FU National Key Fundamental Research and Development Plan of China [2004CB418303]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40425009, 40233028] FX National Key Fundamental Research and Development Plan of China (2004CB418303); Natural Science Foundation of China (40425009; 40233028) NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-8775 J9 J TROP METEOROL JI J. Trop. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 400BR UT WOS:000262843500019 ER PT J AU Woodward, EB Clouse, WD Eliason, JL Peck, MA Bowser, AN Cox, MW Jones, WT Rasmussen, TE AF Woodward, E. Baylor Clouse, W. Darrin Eliason, Jonathan L. Peck, Michael A. Bowser, Andrew N. Cox, Mitchell W. Jones, W. Tracey Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Penetrating femoropopliteal injury during modern warfare: Experience of the Balad Vascular Registry SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Western-Vascular-Society CY SEP 08-11, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Western Vasc Soc ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; US-MARINE-CORPS; ARTERIAL INJURIES; VENOUS INJURIES; WARTIME REPORT; MANAGEMENT; TRAUMA; REPAIR; VIETNAM; SHUNTS AB Objective: Wounding patterns, methods of repair, and outcomes from femoropopliteal injury have been documented in recent civilian literature. In Operation Iraqi Freedom, as in past conflicts, these injuries continue to be a therapeutic challenge. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to document the pattern of femoropopliteal injuries, methods of repair, and early outcomes during the current military campaign in Iraq. Methods: From September 1, 2004, to April 30, 2007, all vascular injuries arriving at the Air Force Theater Hospital (the central echelon III medical facility in Iraq; equivalent to a civilian level I trauma center), Balad Air Base, Iraq were prospectively entered into a registry. From this, injuries involving the lower extremities were reviewed. Results: During the 32-month study period, 9289 battle-related casualties were assessed. Of these, 488 (5.3%) were diagnosed with 513 vascular injuries, and 142 casualties sustained 145 injuries in the femoropopliteal domain. Femoral level injury was present in 100, and popliteal level injury occurred in 45. Injuries consisted of 59 isolated arterial, 11 isolated venous, and 75 combined. Fifty-eight casualties were evacuated from forward locations. Temporary arterial shunts were placed in 43, of which 40 (93%) were patent on arrival at our facility. Our group used shunts for early reperfusion before orthopedic fixation, during mass casualty care, or autogenous vein harvest in 11 cases. Arterial repair was accomplished with autogenous vein in 118 (88%), primary means in nine (7%), or ligation in seven (5%). Venous injury was repaired in 62 (72%). Associated fracture was present in 55 (38%), and nerve injury was noted in 19 (13%). Early limb loss due to femoropopliteal penetrating injury occurred in 10 (6.9%). Early mortality was 3.5% (n = 5). Conclusions. Femoropopliteal vascular injury remains a significant reality in modern warfare. Femoral injuries appear more prevalent than those in the popliteal region. Early results of in-theater repair are comparable with contemporary civilian reports and are improved from the Vietnam era. Rapid evacuation and damage control maneuvers such as temporary shunting and early fasciotomy assist timely definitive repair and appear effective. C1 [Woodward, E. Baylor] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Woodward, E. Baylor; Clouse, W. Darrin; Eliason, Jonathan L.; Peck, Michael A.; Bowser, Andrew N.; Cox, Mitchell W.; Jones, W. Tracey; Rasmussen, Todd E.] 332nd EMDG AFTH, Balad Air Base, Iraq. [Clouse, W. Darrin; Eliason, Jonathan L.; Peck, Michael A.; Bowser, Andrew N.; Jones, W. Tracey; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Woodward, E. Baylor; Clouse, W. Darrin; Eliason, Jonathan L.; Peck, Michael A.; Bowser, Andrew N.; Cox, Mitchell W.; Jones, W. Tracey; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Woodward, EB (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM edward.woodward-02@travis.af.mil NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1264 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.052 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 308KW UT WOS:000256389900019 PM 18407450 ER PT J AU Hardie, RC Rogers, SK Wilson, T Rogers, A AF Hardie, Russell C. Rogers, Steven K. Wilson, Terry Rogers, Adam TI Performance analysis of a new computer aided detection system for identifying lung nodules on chest radiographs SO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE computer aided detection; chest radiographs; lung nodules; computer aided diagnosis ID IMAGE FEATURE ANALYSIS; PULMONARY NODULES; DIAGNOSTIC SCHEME; PUBLIC DATABASE; CANCER; SCALES AB A new computer aided detection (CAD) system is presented for the detection of pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs. Here, we present the details of the proposed algorithm and provide a performance analysis using a publicly available database to serve as a benchmark for future research efforts. All aspects of algorithm training were done using an independent dataset containing 167 chest radiographs with a total of 181 lung nodules. The publicly available test set was created by the Standard Digital Image Database Project Team of the Scientific Committee of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JRST). The JRST dataset used here is comprised of 154 chest radiographs containing one radiologist confirmed nodule each (100 malignant cases, 54 benign cases). The CAD system uses an active shape model for anatomical segmentation. This is followed by a new weighted-multiscale convergence-index nodule candidate detector. A novel candidate segmentation algorithm is proposed that uses an adaptive distance-based threshold. A set of 114 features is computed for each candidate. A Fisher linear discriminant (FLD) classifier is used on a subset of 46 features to produce the final detections. Our results indicate that the system is able to detect 78.1% of the nodules in the JRST test set with and average of 4.0 false positives per image (excluding 14 cases containing lung nodules in retrocardiac and subdiaphragmatic regions of the lung). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hardie, Russell C.; Rogers, Steven K.; Wilson, Terry; Rogers, Adam] Quale LLC, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Rogers, Steven K.; Wilson, Terry] USAF, Res Lab, SN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardie, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM rhardie@udayton.edu NR 34 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1361-8415 J9 MED IMAGE ANAL JI Med. Image Anal. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 240 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.media.2007.10.004 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 323AG UT WOS:000257415800002 PM 18178123 ER PT J AU MacSleyne, JP Simmons, JP De Graef, M AF MacSleyne, J. P. Simmons, J. P. De Graef, M. TI On the use of moment invariants for the automated analysis of 3D particle shapes SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB A mathematical method is introduced to describe quantitatively the shape and shape evolution of precipitates in a two-phase microstructure. The method relies on the concept of moment invariants, i.e. combinations of second order moments that are invariant with respect to affine and/or similarity transformations. We introduce three invariants, one a shape discriminator, the other two aspect ratio discriminators. A normalized form of the invariants is defined and it is shown explicitly that any 3D shape must belong to a finite region of the normalized moment invariant space. The shape and bounds of this region are defined in terms of isoperimetric inequalities. Two examples of moment invariant applications are given: fitting the shape of second phase precipitates and the time evolution of a bimodal phase field simulation. C1 [MacSleyne, J. P.; De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Simmons, J. P.] MLLMD, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jmacsley@andrew.cmu.edu; Jeff.Simmons@wpafb.af.mil; degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 AR 045008 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/16/4/045008 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 309JB UT WOS:000256455400008 ER PT J AU Beal, JM Shukla, A Brezhneva, OA Abramson, MA AF Beal, Josh M. Shukla, Amit Brezhneva, Olga A. Abramson, Mark A. TI Optimal sensor placement for enhancing sensitivity to change in stiffness for structural health monitoring SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mixed variable programming; optimal sensor placement; structural health monitoring ID PATTERN SEARCH ALGORITHMS; CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; OPTIMIZATION AB This paper focuses on optimal sensor placement for structural health monitoring (SHM), in which the goal is to find an optimal configuration of sensors that will best predict structural damage. The problem is formulated as a bound constrained mixed variable programming (MVP) problem, in which the discrete variables are categorical; i.e., they may only take on values from a pre-defined list. The problem is particularly challenging because the objective function is computationally expensive to evaluate and first-order derivatives may not be available. The problem is solved numerically using the generalized mixed variable pattern search (MVPS) algorithm. Some new theoretical convergence results are proved, and numerical results are presented, which show the potential of our approach. C1 [Shukla, Amit] Miami Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Beal, Josh M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Math, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Brezhneva, Olga A.] Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Abramson, Mark A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Miami Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, 56 Engn Bldg, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM shuklaa@muohio.edu; brezhnoa@muohio.edu; mark.abramson@afit.edu RI Shukla, Amit/E-9381-2012 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 EI 1573-2924 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s11081-007-9023-1 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 277YV UT WOS:000254251500002 ER PT J AU Abramson, MA Brezhneva, OA Dennis, JE Pingeld, RL AF Abramson, Mark A. Brezhneva, Olga A. Dennis, J. E., Jr. Pingeld, Rachael L. TI Pattern search in the presence of degenerate linear constraints SO OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE pattern search; linearly constrained optimization; derivative-free optimization; degeneracy; redundancy; constraint classification ID CLASSIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB This paper deals with generalized pattern search (GPS) algorithms for linearly constrained optimization. At each iteration, the GPS algorithm generates a set of directions that conforms to the geometry of any nearby linear constraints. This set is then used to construct trial points to be evaluated during the iteration. In a previous work, Lewis and Torczon developed a scheme for computing the conforming directions, however, the issue of degeneracy merits further investigation. The contribution of this paper is to provide a detailed algorithm for constructing the set of directions whether or not the constraints are degenerate. One difficulty in the degenerate case is the classification of constraints as redundant or nonredundant. We give a short survey of the main definitions and methods for treating redundancy and propose an approach to identify nonredundant e-active constraints. We also introduce a new approach for handling nonredundant linearly dependent constraints, which maintains GPS convergence properties without significantly increasing computational cost. Some simple numerical tests illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. C1 [Brezhneva, Olga A.] Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Abramson, Mark A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dennis, J. E., Jr.] Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Houston, TX USA. [Pingeld, Rachael L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Math, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Brezhneva, OA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM brezhnoa@muohio.edu RI Dennis, John/A-6910-2008 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1055-6788 J9 OPTIM METHOD SOFTW JI Optim. Method Softw. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 297 EP 319 DI 10.1080/10556780701521670 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 320MP UT WOS:000257239500001 ER PT J AU Renneke, RM Intrator, TP Hsu, SC Wurden, GA Waganaar, WJ Ruden, EL Grabowski, TC AF Renneke, R. M. Intrator, T. P. Hsu, S. C. Wurden, G. A. Waganaar, W. J. Ruden, E. L. Grabowski, T. C. TI Power balance in a high-density field reversed configuration plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; FRX; TRANSPORT; MODEL; FLUX AB A global power balance analysis has been performed for the Field Reversed Experiment with Liner high density (>5 x 10(22) m(-3)) field reversed configuration (FRC) plasma. The analysis was based on a zero-dimensional power balance model [D. J. Rey and M. Tuszewski, Phys. Fluids 27, 1514 (1984)]. The key findings are as follows. First, the percentage of radiative losses relative to total loss is an order of magnitude lower than previous lower density FRC experiments. Second, Ohmic heating was found to correlate with the poloidal flux trapping at FRC formation, suggesting that poloidal flux dissipation is primarily responsible for plasma heating. Third, high density FRCs analyzed in this work reinforce the low-density adiabatic scaling, which shows that particle confinement time and flux confinement time are approximately equal. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Renneke, R. M.; Intrator, T. P.; Hsu, S. C.; Wurden, G. A.; Waganaar, W. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ruden, E. L.; Grabowski, T. C.] Kirtland AF Base, AF Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Renneke, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM renneke@lanl.gov RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 AR 062502 DI 10.1063/1.2934588 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321DC UT WOS:000257283900024 ER PT J AU Weis, KL Lederman, RP Lilly, AE Schaffer, J AF Weis, Karen L. Lederman, Regina P. Lilly, Anne E. Schaffer, Judith TI The relationship of military imposed marital separations on maternal acceptance of pregnancy SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pregnancy adaptation; military deployment; social support ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; LIFE STRESS; ADAPTATION; MOTHERS; BIRTH; OUTCOMES; HEALTH; FAMILY; WOMEN AB The effect of military deployment and perceived availability and source of community support on women's acceptance of pregnancy were examined in each trimester of pregnancy at four military bases. The sample was 503 Primigravida or multigravida women eligible for care in the military medical system. Military deployment and community support had a statistically significant effect on pregnancy acceptance. Gravidas with deployed husbands had higher conflict for accepting pregnancy than gravidas without deployed spouses. Community support had a significant Positive effect on pregnancy acceptance. Women perceiving support predominantly from off-base versus on-base communities had significantly higher conflict with acceptance of pregnancy. Findings point to improved maternal acceptance of pregnancy with paternal presence and community support in the event of military deployment. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Lederman, Regina P.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Sch Nursing, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Schaffer, Judith] Air Mobil Command, Current Operat Div, Scott AFB, IL USA. [Weis, Karen L.] 96th Med Grp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Weis, KL (reprint author), 96 MDG-SGN,307 Boatner Rd,Suite 114, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0160-6891 J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1002/nur.20248 PG 12 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 305XI UT WOS:000256210700002 PM 18213640 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZL Luo, ZL Liu, CH Wu, WB Gao, C Lu, YL AF Zhao, Zhenli Luo, Zhenlin Liu, Chihui Wu, Wenbin Gao, Chen Lu, Yalin TI Quantitative measurement of piezoelectric coefficient of thin film using a scanning evanescent microwave microscope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE FEEDBACK-CONTROL; NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPE; FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS AB This article describes a new approach to quantitatively measure the piezoelectric coefficients of thin films at the microscopic level using a scanning evanescent microwave microscope. This technique can resolve 10 pm deformation caused by the piezoelectric effect and has the advantages of high scanning speed, large scanning area, submicron spatial resolution, and a simultaneous accessibility to many other related properties. Results from the test measurements on the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of PZT thin film agree well with those from other techniques listed in literatures. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zhao, Zhenli; Luo, Zhenlin; Liu, Chihui; Wu, Wenbin; Gao, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Zhenli; Luo, Zhenlin; Liu, Chihui; Wu, Wenbin; Gao, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gao, C (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM cgao@ustc.edu.cn RI 高, 琛/F-7537-2010; Ding, Jianjun/C-1530-2009; luo, zhenlin/G-2662-2013 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 AR 064704 DI 10.1063/1.2940275 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 321DA UT WOS:000257283700037 PM 18601426 ER PT J AU Palazzo, AJ Clapp, CE Senesi, N Hayes, MHB Cary, TJ Mao, JD Bashore, TL AF Palazzo, Antonio J. Clapp, C. Edward Senesi, Nicola Hayes, Mickael H. B. Cary, Timotky J. Mao, Jing-Dong Bashore, Terry L. TI Isolation and characterization of humic acids in idaho slickspot soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humic acids; slickspot peppergrass; Fourier transform infrared; fluorescence; total luminescence; nuclear magnetic resonance ID ORGANIC-MATTER; LAND-USE; ENGLAND AB Naturally occurring humic substances in soils hold promise as a factor related to restoring native plants. We have characterized the humic acids (HA) from inside and outside slickspots of two sites in the juniper Butte Range soils on the Snake River Plain in Southwest Idaho. These HA may promote the establishment of native slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) seedlings. The HA were extracted from the silt, vesicular, and clay layers using a modified International Humic Substances Society method, and isolated by membrane filtration, precipitation, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Elemental analyses showed minor differences between HA; the inside surface silt samples had higher C and N values than the outside or the deeper samples. Differences were also noted between sample sites and between the samples for carbohydrates, amino acids, and acidity functionalities. Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence, and especially cross-polarization magic angle spinning C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, provided compositional information and highlighted differences between the samples. C1 [Palazzo, Antonio J.; Cary, Timotky J.] USACOE, Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dip Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambientale, I-70121 Bari, Italy. [Hayes, Mickael H. B.] Univ Limerick, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Limerick, Ireland. [Mao, Jing-Dong] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Bashore, Terry L.] HO Air Combat Command, Airspace Ranges & Air Field Operat Div, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Palazzo, AJ (reprint author), USACOE, Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Antonio.J.Palazzo@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Hayes, Michael/C-3463-2011 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1097/SS.01b013e318178e6c5 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 315RM UT WOS:000256897100003 ER PT J AU Bennett, S McKeefery, R Hedrick, A AF Bennett, Scott McKeefery, Ron Hedrick, Allen TI Using "Strongman'' Exercises in Training SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Stongman type exercises have become all the rage in collegiate training. Whether it be the srength coach's preference, for use in team competitions and team building, or simply to break up the monotony of traditional training, where do they fit in to the scientific aspects of collegiate strength and conditioning? C1 [Bennett, Scott] Univ So Mississippi, Athlet Dept, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Hedrick, Allen] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McKeefery, Ron] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Bennett, S (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Athlet Dept, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1519/SSC.0b013e318177551c PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V12HZ UT WOS:000207591600008 ER PT J AU Lebeda, F Adler, M Erickson, K Chushak, Y AF Lebeda, Frank Adler, Michael Erickson, Keith Chushak, Yaroslav TI Kinetics of the onset of paralysis produced by type A botulinum neurotoxin SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins CY JUN 12-15, 2008 CL Baveno, ITALY DE therapeutic window; pharmacokinetics; clinical data; in vitro data; in vivo data C1 [Lebeda, Frank] USAMRIID, Frederick, MD USA. [Adler, Michael] USAMRICD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Erickson, Keith] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Chushak, Yaroslav] BHSAI, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 51 SU 1 MA 44 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.04.046 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 319VJ UT WOS:000257192200045 ER PT J AU Alvarez, M AF Alvarez, Maria TI A shot of Myobloc: An answer to 25-year battle with Tics? SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins CY JUN 12-15, 2008 CL Baveno, ITALY DE Tics; itch C1 [Alvarez, Maria] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 51 SU 1 MA 67 BP 23 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.04.069 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 319VJ UT WOS:000257192200068 ER PT J AU Alvarez, M Grogan, P AF Alvarez, Maria Grogan, Patrick TI Myobloc: An answer to 25-years battle with tics? SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins CY JUN 12-15, 2008 CL Baveno, ITALY DE itch; myobloc; tics C1 [Alvarez, Maria; Grogan, Patrick] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 51 SU 1 MA 133 BP 44 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.04.135 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 319VJ UT WOS:000257192200134 ER PT J AU Alvarez, M Grogan, P AF Alvarez, Maria Grogan, Patrick TI Efficacy and safety of Myobloc in headache prophylaxis: A retrospective observation SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins CY JUN 12-15, 2008 CL Baveno, ITALY DE headache prophylaxis; Myobloc; Botox C1 [Alvarez, Maria; Grogan, Patrick] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 51 SU 1 MA 132 BP 44 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.04.134 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 319VJ UT WOS:000257192200133 ER PT J AU Hunter, CN Check, MH Hager, CH Voevodin, AA AF Hunter, C. N. Check, M. H. Hager, C. H. Voevodin, A. A. TI Tribological properties of carbon nanopearls synthesized by nickel-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon; nanopearls; sliding; fretting; friction; wear ID FOAM-LIKE ARRANGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; NANOTUBE; PARTICLES; SPHERES; ONIONS; GROWTH; FILMS; RAMAN AB Carbon nanopearls have a unique layered structure made of nano-sized graphene fragments, which distinguishes them from closed-shell nano-carbons. This unique structure offers beneficial tribological properties which were evaluated in humid and dry environments. The lubricating effect was related to an easy shear of nano-sized graphene flakes from individual nanopearls. C1 [Hunter, C. N.; Check, M. H.; Hager, C. H.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hunter, CN (reprint author), USAF, Mat Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chad.hunter@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s11249-008-9324-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 304AY UT WOS:000256083600002 ER PT J AU Weld, KJ Montiglio, C Lacy, G Bush, AC Cespedes, RD AF Weld, Kyle J. Montiglio, Claudio Lacy, Greg Bush, Anneke C. Cespedes, R. Duane TI The effects of ureteral mobilization and transection on ureteral oxygenation SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYELOPLASTY; COMPLICATIONS C1 [Weld, Kyle J.; Montiglio, Claudio; Lacy, Greg; Bush, Anneke C.; Cespedes, R. Duane] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weld, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Kyle.weld@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.113 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 312FG UT WOS:000256653900015 PM 18295309 ER PT J AU Amer, MS Bennett, M Maguire, JF AF Amer, Maher S. Bennett, Mats Maguire, John F. TI A Brillouin scattering study of C(60)/toluene mixtures SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION PROCESSES; FULLERENE C-60; TOLUENE; SOLVENT AB Solutions of C(60) in toluene were investigated using Brillouin light scattering. The C(60) molar fractions for the solutions studied ranged from 0 ( pure toluene) to 36 x 10(5) ( 2.8 mg/ ml C(60) which is the saturation limit). The solutions were examined under a VV polarization condition and a distinct shift of the Brillouin doublets position was observed. It was found that adiabatic compressibility of the solution increases linearly as the C(60) molar fraction increases. Comparison to recently developed models predicting excess adiabatic compressibility in binary liquid mixtures is provided. (c) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Amer, Maher S.; Bennett, Mats] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Maguire, John F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amer, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM maher.amer@wright.edu RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 457 IS 4-6 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.015 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 302FI UT WOS:000255953800010 ER PT J AU Tsige, M Patnaik, SS AF Tsige, Mesfin Patnaik, Soumya S. TI An all-atom simulation study of the ordering of liquid squalane near a solid surface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLVATION FORCES; BRANCHED ALKANES; CONFINEMENT; INTERFACES; TENSION; FILM AB An all-atom molecular dynamics study using the OPLS force field has been carried out to obtain new insights in to the orientation and ordering of liquid squalane near a solid surface. As observed in previous experiments, the squalane molecules closest to a SiO2 substrate are found to be tightly bound with their molecular axis preferentially parallel to the interface. Unlike linear alkanes, the squalane molecules are also found to lie preferentially parallel to the liquid/vapor interface. The simulation results predict that the molecular plane orientation of the squalane molecules changes from mainly parallel to perpendicular to the substrate in going further away from the substrate. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Tsige, Mesfin] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Patnaik, Soumya S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsige, M (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mtsige@physics.siu.edu; Soumya.Patnaik@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 457 IS 4-6 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.026 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 302FI UT WOS:000255953800016 ER PT J AU Hostutler, DA Klennert, WL AF Hostutler, David A. Klennert, Wade L. TI Power enhancement of a Rubidium vapor laser with a master oscillator power amplifier SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-ARRAY AB A master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) with variable amplifier gain lengths was built to demonstrate power enhancement of an alkali vapor laser. A small signal gain of 0.91 / cm for two different gain lengths was observed. For a 2 cm long amplifier gain length an amplification of 7.9 dB was observed. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Klennert, Wade L.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Hostutler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 26 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 11 BP 8050 EP 8053 DI 10.1364/OE.16.008050 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 309OK UT WOS:000256469900051 PM 18545515 ER PT J AU Nishimura, Y Wygant, J Ono, T Iizima, M Kumamoto, A Brautigam, D Friedel, R AF Nishimura, Y. Wygant, J. Ono, T. Iizima, M. Kumamoto, A. Brautigam, D. Friedel, R. TI SAPS measurements around the magnetic equator by CRRES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBAURORAL ION DRIFTS; INSTRUMENT; MODEL AB Enhancements of convection electric fields during two substorms have been analyzed using CRRES satellite data measured in the premidnight inner magnetosphere. The electric field, related to subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), begins to increase within 30 sec after the substorm onset, indicating a quicker response of convection in the inner magnetosphere to substorms than has been reported (similar to 10 min) before. A prompt response of the ion pressure and the following decrease in the cold plasma density supports the fact that the electric field enhances just after the substorm onset and drives accelerations of energetic ions and plasmapause erosion. The SAPS electric field enhances between the earthward edges of the ring current and plasmasheet, and the plasmapause coincides with the earthward edge of the electron plasmasheet. The plasmapause location deviates from the stagnation point, and the SAPS electric field penetrates into the plasmasphere, driving a sunward plasma drift of the plasmaspheric plasma. C1 [Nishimura, Y.; Ono, T.; Iizima, M.; Kumamoto, A.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Friedel, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brautigam, D.] AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Wygant, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Nishimura, Y (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM yukitoshi@stpp1.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 AR L10104 DI 10.1029/2008GL033970 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 304VT UT WOS:000256137900008 ER PT J AU Wargacki, SP Pate, B Vaia, RA AF Wargacki, Stephen P. Pate, Brian Vaia, Richard A. TI Fabrication of 2D ordered films of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): Processing morphology correlations for convective assembly SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAPID DEPOSITION; CENTRAL CHANNEL; PARTICLES; SURFACE; ARRAYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; BIOTEMPLATE; NANOWIRES; THICKNESS AB Biological colloids, and in particular viruses, have demonstrated substantial potential as scaffolds for nanoparticle arrays. However, the large-area, low-cost, and rapid assembly of viruses, such as by traditional colloidal processing techniques, is not well-established. Systematic exploration of processing space (virus concentration, assembly speed, and substrate surface energy) for the convective assembly method enables the fabrication of films of rod-shaped viruses (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) with a high degree of long-range order. Monolayer assemblies several centimeters in length are comprised of TMV aligned parallel to the direction of assembly. Increasing TMV concentration and reducing assembly speed resulted in well-ordered viral layering (N = 2 to N = 12); however, the top virus layer exhibits varying degrees of in-plane disorder. C1 [Wargacki, Stephen P.; Pate, Brian; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pate, Brian] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU PHS HHS [DMR-0225180] NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 10 BP 5439 EP 5444 DI 10.1021/la7040778 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 300WN UT WOS:000255856100038 PM 18435550 ER PT J AU Marconi, VC Sunpath, H Lu, Z Gordon, M Koranteng-Apeagyei, K Hampton, J Carpenter, S Giddy, J Ross, D Holst, H Losina, E Walker, BD Kuritzkes, DR AF Marconi, Vincent C. Sunpath, Henry Lu, Zhigang Gordon, Michelle Koranteng-Apeagyei, Kofi Hampton, Jane Carpenter, Steve Giddy, Janet Ross, Douglas Holst, Helga Losina, Elena Walker, Bruce D. Kuritzkes, Daniel R. CA S Africa Resistance Cohort Study T TI Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; RECEIVING NEVIRAPINE; SUBTYPE-B; MUTATIONS; ADHERENCE; PROTEASE AB Background. Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance may limit the benefits of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. The prevalence of resistance was assessed among patients from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, following failure of their first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. Methods. Genotypic resistance testing was performed on plasma virus samples from patients who experienced virologic failure of their first HAART regimen at 2 clinics in KwaZulu Natal. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with >= 1 significant drug resistance mutation. Results. From January 2005 through August 2006, a total of 124 antiretroviral-treated adults who experienced virologic failure were enrolled. The predominant subtype was HIV-1C. Virus samples from 83.5% of participants carried >= 1 significant drug resistance mutation. Dual-class drug-resistant virus was present in 64.3% of participants, and 2.6% had virus with triple-class drug resistance. The most common mutation was M184V/I (64.3% of patients); K103N was present in virus from 51.3%, and V106M was present in virus from 19.1%. Thymidine analog resistance mutations were found in virus from 32.2% of patients, and protease resistance mutations were found in virus from 4.4%. Conclusions. Antiretroviral drug-resistant virus was detected in >80% of South African patients who experienced failure of a first HAART regimen. Patterns of drug resistance reflected drugs used in first-line regimens and viral subtype. Continued surveillance of resistance patterns is warranted to guide selection of second-line regimens. C1 [Marconi, Vincent C.; Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sect Retroviral Therapeut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lu, Zhigang; Walker, Bruce D.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Walker, Bruce D.; Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div AIDS, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Walker, Bruce D.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Sunpath, Henry; Hampton, Jane; Giddy, Janet; Holst, Helga] McCord Hosp, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. [Sunpath, Henry; Hampton, Jane; Giddy, Janet; Holst, Helga] Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Ctr Hosp, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. RP Kuritzkes, DR (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sect Retroviral Therapeut, 65 Landsdowne St,Rm 449, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dkuritzkes@partners.org RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Reddi, Anand/0000-0002-8360-8737 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K24 RR016482-08, K24 RR16482, K24 RR016482]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI060354, P30 AI060354-029003, P30 AI060354-049003, P30 AI60354]; PHS HHS [U62/CCU123541-01] NR 31 TC 146 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1589 EP 1597 DI 10.1086/587109 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 289KA UT WOS:000255052200017 PM 18419495 ER PT J AU Pritchett, TM Sun, WF Guo, FQ Zhang, BG Ferry, MJ Rogers-Haley, JE Shensky, W Mott, AG AF Pritchett, Timothy M. Sun, Wenfang Guo, Fengqi Zhang, Bingguang Ferry, Michael J. Rogers-Haley, Joy E. Shensky, William, III Mott, Andrew G. TI Excited-state absorption in a terpyridyl platinum(II) pentynyl complex SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACETYLIDE COMPLEXES; PHOTOPHYSICS AB The singlet excited-state lifetime of a terpyridyl platinum(II) pentynyl complex was determined to be 268 +/- 87 ps by fitting femtosecond transient absorption data, the triplet excited-state lifetime was found to be 62 ns by fitting nanosecond transient absorption decay data, and the triplet quantum yield was measured to be 0.16. A ground-state absorption cross section of 2.5 X 10(-19) cm(2) at 532 nm was deduced from UV vis absorption data. Excited-state absorption cross sections of 3.5 X 10(-17) cm(2) (singlet) and 4.5 X 10(-11) cm(2) (triplet) were obtained by using a five-level dynamic model to fit open-aperture Z scans at picosecond and nanosecond pulse widths and a variety of pulse energies. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Pritchett, Timothy M.; Ferry, Michael J.; Mott, Andrew G.] US Army Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Sun, Wenfang; Guo, Fengqi; Zhang, Bingguang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Rogers-Haley, Joy E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rogers-Haley, Joy E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shensky, William, III] LLC, Gen Tech Serv, Wall Township, NJ 07719 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM timothy.pritchett1@us.army.mil RI Shensky, William/J-7012-2014 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001053 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 310HW UT WOS:000256520500006 PM 18483509 ER PT J AU Yaghjian, AD O'Donnell, TH Altshuler, EE Best, SR AF Yaghjian, A. D. O'Donnell, T. H. Altshuler, E. E. Best, S. R. TI Electrically small supergain end-fire arrays SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERDIRECTIVE ARRAY; WIRE ANTENNAS; PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES; IMPEDANCE; RADIATION; DESIGN AB The theory, computer simulations, and experimental measurements are presented for electrically small, two-element supergain arrays with near-optimal end-fire gains of 7 dB. We show how the difficulties of narrow tolerances, large mismatches, low radiation efficiencies, and reduced scattering of electrically small parasitic elements are overcome by using electrically small resonant antennas as the elements in both separately driven and singly driven (parasitic), two-element, electrically small supergain end-fire arrays. Although rapidly increasing narrow tolerances prevent the practical realization of the maximum theoretically possible end-fire gain of electrically small arrays with many elements, the theory and preliminary numerical simulations indicate that near-maximum supergains are also achievable in practice for electrically small arrays with three (and possibly more) resonant elements if the decreasing bandwidth with increasing number of elements can be tolerated. C1 [Yaghjian, A. D.; O'Donnell, T. H.; Altshuler, E. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Best, S. R.] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM arthur.yaghjian.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 AR RS3002 DI 10.1029/2007RS003747 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 303TN UT WOS:000256063900001 ER PT J AU Venema, TM Schmidt, JD AF Venema, Todd M. Schmidt, Jason D. TI Optical phase unwrapping in the presence of branch points SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Strong (turbulence causes phase discontinuities known as branch points in an optical field. These discontinuities complicate the phase unwrapping necessary to apply phase corrections onto a deformable mirror in an adaptive optics (AO) system. This paper proposes a non-optimal but effective and implementable phase unwrapping method for optical fields containing branch points. This method first applies a least-squares (LS) unwrapper to the field which isolates and unwraps the LS component of the field. Four modulo-2 pi-equivalent non-LS components are created by subtracting the LS component from the original field and then restricting the result to differing ranges. 2 pi phase jumps known as branch cuts are isolated to the non-LS components and the different non-LS realizations have different branch cut placements. The best placement of branch cuts is determined by finding the non-LS realization with the lowest normalized cut length and adding it to the LS component. The result is an unwrapped field which is modulo-2 pi-equivalent to the original field while minimizing the effect of phase cuts on system performance. This variable-range 'phi(LS) + phi(non-LS)' unwrapper, is found to outperform other unwrappers designed to work in the presence of branch points at a reasonable computational burden. The effect of improved unwrapping is demonstrated by comparing the performance of a system using a fixed-range 'phi(LS) + phi(non-LS)' realization unwrapper against the variable-range 'phi(LS) + phi(non-LS)' unwrapper in a closed-loop simulation. For the 0.5 log-amplitude variance turbulence tested, the system Strehl performance is improved by as much as 41.6 percent at points where fixed-range 'phi(LS) + phi(non-LS)' unwrappers result in particularly poor branch cut placement. This significant improvement in previously poorly performing regions is particularly important for systems such as laser communications which require minimum Strehl ratios to operate successfully. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Venema, Todd M.; Schmidt, Jason D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Venema, TM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Todd.Venema@AFIT.edu NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 10 BP 6985 EP 6998 DI 10.1364/OE.16.006985 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 309OJ UT WOS:000256469800024 PM 18545402 ER PT J AU Magaziner, RS Jain, VK Mall, S AF Magaziner, R. S. Jain, V. K. Mall, S. TI Wear characterization of Ti-6Al-4V under fretting-reciprocating sliding conditions SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE wear; fretting; fatigue; titanium alloy; relative slip ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; ENERGY DESCRIPTION; DISSIPATED ENERGY; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; MECHANISMS; COATINGS; FRICTION; CONTACTS; DAMAGE; SLIP AB Wear affects life, vibrational characteristics, and dimensional stability of the components that slide against each other in small oscillatory movements. This study investigated the fretting-reciprocating wear behavior of a titanium alloy under cylinder-on-flat contact configuration (both Ti-6Al-4V) with bulk cyclic loading. Four series of tests were conducted to characterize the effects of sliding and loading parameters on the wear behavior. These were the relative slip, contact load, number of cycles, and bulk cyclic stress. The reciprocating wear produced "U-" and "W-"shaped (scar with multiple valleys) scars on the specimen as well as on the pad. Optical and scanning electron microscopy of the wear scars was conducted to study the wear mechanism(s). MATLAB-based computer programs were developed to determine the wear volume using the three-dimensional profilometry data, the product of contact load (P) and relative slip (6), and the energy dissipated (E-d) per fretting cycle. Analysis of the experimental data showed that the cyclic stress increased the relative slip. The ratio of shear force to contact load (Q/P) increased with number of fretting cycles. The wear volume was proportional to the cumulative products of Sigma P delta(n) and the dissipated energy Sigma E-d. The microscopy of W-shaped scars showed that the valleys were covered by abrasive grooves, whiles the peaks showed signs of adhesive wear, thus suggesting that the wear was caused by both the adhesion and abrasion processes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Magaziner, R. S.; Jain, V. K.] Univ Dayton, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 264 IS 11-12 BP 1002 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2007.08.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 285HC UT WOS:000254766900013 ER PT J AU Kuehner, JP Naik, SV Kulatilaka, WD Chai, N Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Scully, MO Roy, S Patnaik, AK Gord, JR AF Kuehner, Joel P. Naik, Sameer V. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Chai, Ning Laurendeau, Normand M. Lucht, Robert P. Scully, Marlan O. Roy, Sukesh Patnaik, Anil K. Gord, James R. TI Perturbative theory and modeling of electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, spectroscopy of nitric oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARS GENERATION; NO; FLAMES; OH; TEMPERATURE; GASES; VAPOR AB A theory is developed for three-laser electronic-resonance-enhanced (ERE) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of nitric oxide (NO). A vibrational Q-branch Raman polarization is excited in the NO molecule by the frequency difference between visible Raman pump and Stokes beams. An ultraviolet probe beam is scattered from the induced Raman polarization to produce an ultraviolet ERE-CARS signal. The frequency of the ultraviolet probe beam is selected to be in electronic resonance with rotational transitions in the A (2)Sigma(+) <- X (2)Pi (1,0) band of NO. This choice results in a resonance between the frequency of the ERE-CARS signal and transitions in the (0,0) band. The theoretical model for ERE-CARS NO spectra has been developed in the perturbative limit. Comparisons-to experimental spectra are presented where either the probe laser was scanned with fixed Stokes frequency or the Stokes laser was scanned with fixed probe frequency. At atmospheric pressure and an NO concentration of 100 ppm, good-agreement is found between theoretical and experimental spectral peak locations and relative intensities for both types of spectra. Factors relating to saturation in the experiments are discussed, including implications for the theoretical predictions. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kuehner, Joel P.] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Naik, Sameer V.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Chai, Ning; Laurendeau, Normand M.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lucht, Robert P.; Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Appl Phys & Mat Sci Grp, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Roy, Sukesh; Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kuehner, JP (reprint author), Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM kuehnerj@wlu.edu RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 17 AR 174308 DI 10.1063/1.2909554 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 306EZ UT WOS:000256232400022 PM 18465923 ER PT J AU Haggenmueller, R Rahatekar, SS Fagan, JA Chun, JH Becker, ML Naik, RR Krauss, T Carlson, L Kadla, JF Trulove, PC Fox, DF DeLong, HC Fang, ZC Kelley, SO Gilman, JW AF Haggenmueller, Reto Rahatekar, Sarneer S. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Chun, Jaehun Becker, Matthew L. Naik, Rajesh R. Krauss, Todd Carlson, Lisa Kadla, John F. Trulove, Paul C. Fox, Douglas F. DeLong, Hugh C. Fang, Zhichao Kelley, Shana O. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Comparison of the quality of aqueous dispersions of single wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants and biomolecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBILIZATION; DNA; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEPARATION; POLYMER; BUNDLES AB The use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in current and future applications depends on the ability to process SWCNTs in a solvent to yield high-quality dispersions characterized by individual SWCNTs and possessing a minimum of SWCNT bundles. Many approaches for the dispersion of SWCNTs have been reported. However, there is no general assessment which compares the relative quality and dispersion efficiency of the respective methods. Herein we report a quantitative comparison of the relative ability of "wrapping polymers" including oligonucleotides, peptides, lignin, chitosan, and cellulose and surfactants such as cholates, ionic liquids, and organosulfates to disperse SWCNTs in water. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy provide quantitative characterization (amount of SWCNTs that can be suspended by a given surfactant and its ability to debundle SWCNTs) of these suspensions. Sodium deoxy cholate (SDOCO), oligonucleotides (GT)(15), (GT)(10), (AC)(15), (AC)(10), C(10-30), and carboxymethylcellulose (CBMC-250K) exhibited the highest quality suspensions of the various systems studied in this work. The information presented here provides a good framework for further study of SWCNT purification and applications. C1 [Haggenmueller, Reto; Rahatekar, Sarneer S.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Chun, Jaehun; Becker, Matthew L.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krauss, Todd; Carlson, Lisa] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kadla, John F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Trulove, Paul C.; Fox, Douglas F.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeLong, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Air Force Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fang, Zhichao; Kelley, Shana O.] Univ Toronto, Fac Pharm, Fac Med Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Krauss, Todd/0000-0002-4860-874X; Kelley, Shana/0000-0003-3360-5359 NR 42 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 6 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 5070 EP 5078 DI 10.1021/la703008r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 294UP UT WOS:000255432000095 PM 18442227 ER PT J AU Roy, AK AF Roy, Ajit K. TI Nanotubes improve thermal conductivity in bonded joints SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT News Item C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 166 IS 5 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 300CP UT WOS:000255802200037 ER PT J AU Gregory, JW Baughn, JW Porter, CO Byerley, AR AF Gregory, J. W. Baughn, J. W. Porter, C. O. Byerley, A. R. TI Optical method for measuring low wall shear stresses using thermal tufts SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 44th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA ID FLOW DIRECTION; SKIN-FRICTION; SPOTS AB A thermal tuft method for the measurement of low wall shear stresses is described. Previous work described how the thermal tuft method can be used for flow visualization, but this work extends the technique to quantitative measurements of low values of wall shear stress. The laser thermal tuft involves heating a spot on a surface with a laser, which produces a teardrop-shaped surface temperature distribution pointing downstream of the heated spot. The temperature profile can be determined with liquid crystals, infrared thermography, or other methods. In the present study, it is demonstrated by theory and experiment that the lengths of these teardrop-shaped tufts are determined by the wall shear stress. Theoretical results evaluate the effects of laser power, laser spot size, and liquid crystal cutoff temperature on the tuft length. Effects of the thermal boundary-layer thickness are evaluated and found to be negligible for heights up to half of the hydrodynamic boundary-layer thickness. Experimental results agree with theoretical predictions, indicating shorter tuft lengths as shear stress increases. Thermal tufts can be used to measure the wall shear stress at multiple locations, thereby mapping out the wall shear stress distribution. C1 [Gregory, J. W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gregory, J. W.; Baughn, J. W.; Porter, C. O.; Byerley, A. R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Baughn, J. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gregory, JW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bolz Hall,2036 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jim.gregory@alumni.purdue.edu RI Gregory, James/A-2343-2015 OI Gregory, James/0000-0002-8589-8758 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1088 EP 1095 DI 10.2514/1.29876 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 295SJ UT WOS:000255493900008 ER PT J AU Dror, IE Stevenage, SV Ashworth, ARS AF Dror, Itiel E. Stevenage, Sarah V. Ashworth, Alan R. S. TI Helping the cognitive system learn: Exaggerating distinctiveness and uniqueness SO APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACE RECOGNITION; CARICATURES; RACE; DISCRIMINATION; CATEGORIZATION; PERCEPTION; INVERSION; MEMORY AB The caricature advantage demonstrates that performance is better when exaggerated Stimuli are presented rather than a faithful image. This can be understood with respect to a theoretical framework in which caricaturing maximises the distinctiveness and thus minimises any perceptual or representational confusion. In this study we examine the possibility to harness caricatures to enhance learning. Thus, during learning the caricatures help the cognitive system pick LIP the unique and distinctive features of the learned material. This ill turn helps to construct representations that correctly direct attention to the critical information. We trained 113 participants to identify aircraft across any orientation and found that the use of caricature is advantageous. However, the caricature advantage was most effective ill complex learning where it is difficult to differentiate among different aircraft. Furthermore, the caricature advantage for Subsequent recognition is attenuated when over-learning has been achieved. These results are discussed in terms of the learning situations in which caricatures can be most effective in enhancing learning. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dror, Itiel E.; Stevenage, Sarah V.] Univ Southampton, Sch Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Ashworth, Alan R. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Dror, IE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM id@ecs.soton.ac.uk NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0888-4080 J9 APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH JI Appl. Cogn. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 573 EP 584 DI 10.1002/acp.1383 PG 12 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 296OW UT WOS:000255556700010 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Vitek, L AF Schwertner, Harvey A. Vitek, Libor TI Gilbert syndrome, UGT1A1*28 allele, and cardiovascular disease risk: Possible protective effects and therapeutic applications of bilirubin SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Review DE serum bilirubin; heme oxygenase; gilbert syndrome; UGT1A1*28 allele; cardiovascular disease risk; coronary heart disease; oxidative stress ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LOW SERUM BILIRUBIN; HEME OXYGENASE-1 PROTECTS; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES; OXIDATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Serum bilirubin has been shown to be inversely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both retrospective and prospective studies. Meta-analysis of existing studies has also confirmed that serum bilirubin concentrations are inversely related to CVD. Less information is known about the protective effects of slightly elevated serum bilirubin concentrations. In this review, we will focus primarily on the association of serum bilirubin and CVD and the possible protective roles of bilirubin, heme oxygenase (HO), and bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). HO and biliverdin reductase control the formation of bilirubin, whereas UGT1A1 controls bilirubin conjugation and clearance. Because of the health and therapeutic implications of slightly elevated serum bilirubin concentrations, we will discuss the recent prospective studies on cardiovascular risk in individuals with Gilbert syndrome (GS) as well as those with the UGT1A1*28 allele. Such individuals have decreased hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity, decreased bilirubin clearance, and increased serum bilirubin concentrations. Lastly, we will discuss some of the therapeutic approaches that could be used to increase serum bilirubin concentrations to prevent CVD and other oxidative and inflammatory diseases. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Schwertner, Harvey A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Diagnost Lab, Prague, Czech Republic. [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Clin Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 4, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Harvey.Schwertiier@LACKLAND.AF.MIL RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151 NR 75 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 2008 VL 198 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.01.001 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 295RO UT WOS:000255491800001 PM 18343383 ER PT J AU Strader, JR Harrell, TW Adair, A Kruyer, WB AF Strader, James R. Harrell, Thomas W. Adair, Al Kruyer, William B. TI Efficacy of echocardiographic screening of pilot applicants SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE screening; cardiac; pilot training; heart valve; echocardiography ID DEATH AB Background. The efficacy of cardiac screening programs for individuals in competitive athletics and high-risk occupations such as commercial and military aviation continues to be highly debated. For the past 12 yr, all United States Air Force (USAF) pilot applicants have undergone screening echocardiography. Methods: All available studies were reviewed for disqualifying (DQ) diagnoses. Findings were analyzed and compared to current USAF waiver policy. Results: Between inception in March 1994 and 01 September 2006, there were 20,208 screening echocardiograms performed. Of these, 294 (1.45%) were initially read as disqualifying. The most common diagnoses were bicuspid aortic valves with mild or less aortic insufficiency (N = 154, 0.76%), mitral valve prolapse with mild or less mitral regurgitation (N=51, 0.25%), and trileaflet aortic valve with mild aortic insufficiency (N = 58, 0.29%). Evolution of USAF waiver policy has now rendered these diagnoses waiverable for entry into pilot training. Under current policy, 285/294 would be eligible for an unrestricted waiver, leaving only 9 individuals "DQ/no-waiver" (0.0445%). There were no cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although the number of USAF pilot applicants has increased in recent years, the DQ/no-waiver rate has actually decreased, with only a single DQ/no-waiver finding since 2004 (N = 5802 studies; 0.0172%). Discussion: The infrequency of positive findings in this large cohort of screening echocardiography raises questions about the appropriateness of such programs. Under current USAF policy, it is not efficacious to perform screening echocardiography on all pilot applicants. C1 [Strader, James R.; Harrell, Thomas W.; Adair, Al; Kruyer, William B.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECI, MC,FS, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Strader, JR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECI, MC,FS, 2507 Kennedy Circle,Bldg 110, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.strader@brooks.af.mil NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 514 EP 517 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2156.2008 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 294QJ UT WOS:000255420300008 PM 18500049 ER PT J AU King, MM Nelson, DA AF King, Melissa M. Nelson, Douglas A. TI Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy effectively treated with zoledronic acid SO CLINICAL LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE adenocarcinoma; bronchogenic carcinoma; platelet-derived growth factor; vascular endothelial growth factor ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PULMONARY OSTEOARTHROPATHY; BREAST-CANCER; DOUBLE-BLIND; SKELETAL METASTASES; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; BONE METASTASES; PHASE-III; PAMIDRONATE; CARCINOMA AB Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a syndrome characterized by digital clubbing, arthralglas, and tissue swelling and is frequently described in association with bronchogenic carcinoma. The associated pain can be disabling, and symptoms are often resistant to conventional analgesic medications. We present a patient with HOA of the lower extremities and wrists that developed after bronchogenic carcinoma. The pain and swelling completely resolved after a single administration of 4 mg of zoledronic acid. The proposed pathogenesis of HOA and the mechanisms by which bisphosphonates might alleviate symptoms are reviewed. C1 [King, Melissa M.; Nelson, Douglas A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP King, MM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, 59th MDW SGMHH,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM melissa.king@lackland.af.mil NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIG MEDIA GROUP, LP PI DALLAS PA 3500 MAPLE AVENUE, STE 750, DALLAS, TX 75219-3931 USA SN 1525-7304 J9 CLIN LUNG CANCER JI Clin. Lung Cancer PD MAY PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.3816/CLC.2008.n.027 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 306BB UT WOS:000256220700008 PM 18621629 ER PT J AU Buchanan, DJ John, R Zawada, LP AF Buchanan, Dennis J. John, Reji Zawada, Larry P. TI Off-axis creep behavior of oxide/oxide NeXtel (TM) 720/AS-0 SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites; creep; high-temperature properties; stress/strain curves; creep rate; deformation ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Oxide/oxide ceramic-matrix composites (CMC) are being demonstrated in engine components that are axisymmetric in shape, and subject to axisymmetric thermo-mechanical loadings. Traditionally, woven CMC materials used in these components are made from 0 degrees/90 degrees fiber architectures. In many cases, the highest stresses are not always coincident with the orientation of the reinforcing fibers. Tensile and creeps tests at 1100 degrees C on a +/- 45 degrees CMC composed of Nextel (TM) 720 fibers and a alumina-silica matrix (AS-0) have been performed. The +/- 45 degrees orientation has approximately two-thirds the ultimate tensile strength of the 0'/90' orientation. The creep rupture strength at 100 h for the +/- 45 degrees orientation is approximately one-third that of the 0 degrees/90 degrees orientation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buchanan, Dennis J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [John, Reji; Zawada, Larry P.] Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM dennis.buchanan@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1320 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.12.013 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 300AQ UT WOS:000255797100009 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Siegert, GT Baek, SS AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Siegert, G. T. Baek, S. S. TI Creep behavior of Nextel (TM) 720/alumina ceramic composite with +/- 45 degrees fiber orientation at 1200 degrees C SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); oxides; creep; high-temperature properties; fractography ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; STATIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE; PERFORMANCE; EXPOSURE; DESIGN AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) with +/- 45 degrees fiber orientation was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air, in steam and in argon. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous-matrix for flaw tolerance. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1200 degrees C. The elastic modulus was 46 GPa and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was 55 MPa. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 15-45 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests. Creep run-out (set to 100 h) was achieved in all test environments for creep stress levels <= 35 MPa. At creep stresses >35 MPa, creep performance was best in laboratory air and worst in argon. The presence of either steam or argon accelerated creep rates and reduced creep life. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Siegert, G. T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, S. S.] Agcy Def Dev, Taejon 300600, South Korea. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1588 EP 1595 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.07.012 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 300AQ UT WOS:000255797100040 ER PT J AU Telitchev, IY Sierakowski, RL Zhupanska, OI AF Telitchev, I. Y. Sierakowski, R. L. Zhupanska, O. I. TI Low-velocity impact testing of electrified composites: Part II - Experimental setup and preliminary results SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 [Telitchev, I. Y.] Univ Florida, UF REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. [Sierakowski, R. L.] AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Zhupanska, O. I.] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Telitchev, IY (reprint author), Univ Florida, UF REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2007.00244.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 302AX UT WOS:000255939500005 ER PT J AU Grosskopf, KR Kalberer, J AF Grosskopf, K. R. Kalberer, Jennifer TI Potential impacts of ultra-high-pressure (UHP) technology on NFPA Standard 403 SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aqueous film forming foam (AFFF); aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF); NFPA Standard 403 AB Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) technology as well as compressed air foam (CAF) and combined agent firefighting systems (CAFFS) have proven to enhance the performance of firefighting equipment using water and aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). UHP systems are capable of producing small water droplets at high velocity. As droplet size is reduced, surface area relative to mass increases, improving heat transfer. Smaller droplets however, experience greater drag, reducing throw distance. Findings indicate that on average, 150 m/s exit plane velocities result in maximum throw distances of between 4600 and 5600 orifice diameters. UHP prototype and full-scale testing conducted from 2004 to 2006 found that exit plane velocities of 150 m/s were found to produce 90-100 mu m droplets, sizes considered optimal for fire extinguishment. In addition, UHP systems were able to extinguish two-dimensional fuel fires ranging in area from 81.6 to 613.8 m(2) using one-third the agent when compared to baseline AFFF tests, and one-tenth the NFPA 403 standard. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grosskopf, K. R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kalberer, Jennifer] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Grosskopf, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, 336 Rinker Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kgro@ufl.edu; er.ctr@tyndall.af.mil OI Schroeder, Jennifer/0000-0002-5164-6739 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.06.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 315JV UT WOS:000256875700007 ER PT J AU Stevens, M Williams, PD Peterson, GL Kurkowski, SH AF Stevens, Michael Williams, Paul D. Peterson, Gilbert L. Kurkowski, Stuart H. TI Integrating trust into the CyberCraft initiative via the trust vectors model SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Stevens, Michael; Williams, Paul D.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stevens, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1556-603X J9 IEEE COMPUT INTELL M JI IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1109/MCI.2008.919049 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 342ES UT WOS:000258768000011 ER PT J AU Xue, L Brueck, SRJ Kaspi, R AF Xue, L. Brueck, S. R. J. Kaspi, R. TI High-power continuous-wave single-longitudinal-mode operation of an optically pumped DFB laser at lambda similar to 3.64 mu m SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers; optical pumping; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor lasers ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS AB High-power continuous-wave (CW) single-longitudinal-mode emission at 3.64 mu m is obtained from an optically pumped distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. The Bragg stopband and two degenerate DFB modes are observed at certain pump powers. The laser incorporates 14 InAs-InGaSb-InAs type-II quantum wells imbedded in an InGaAsSb waveguide. The index-coupled 1-D grating is fabricated in the top clad using interference lithography and plasma etching. A 110-mu m-wide stripe from a 1.9-mu m CW laser provides both optical pumping and gain guiding. Record high output power of more. than 560 mW per side is obtained at 80 K. The wavelength is tunable over a 6.8-nm range by varying the pump power from 1 to 8.1 W. C1 [Xue, L.; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kaspi, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Xue, L (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM xueliang@unm.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9-12 BP 727 EP 729 DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.921081 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 316QZ UT WOS:000256966100021 ER PT J AU Vela, PA Niethammer, M Pryor, GD Tannenbaum, AR Butts, R Washburn, D AF Vela, Patricio A. Niethammer, Marc Pryor, Gallagher D. Tannenbaum, Allen R. Butts, Robert Washburn, Donald TI Knowledge-based segmentation for tracking through deep turbulence SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE active contours; Bayesian statistics; geometric flows; tracking; turbulence ID ACTIVE CONTOURS; BRAIN MRI; CURVATURE; FRONTS; JITTER AB A combined knowledge-based segmentation/active contour algorithm is used for target tracking through turbulence. The algorithm utilizes Bayesian modeling for segmentation of noisy imagery obtained through longrange, laser imaging of a distance target, and active contours for tip tracking. The algorithm demonstrates improved target tracking performance when compared to weighted centroiding. Open-loop and closed-loop comparisons of the algorithms using simulated imagery validate the hypothesis. C1 [Vela, Patricio A.; Niethammer, Marc; Pryor, Gallagher D.; Tannenbaum, Allen R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Butts, Robert; Washburn, Donald] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vela, PA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM tannenba@ece.gatech.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1109/TCST.2007.899723 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 331SQ UT WOS:000258033300008 ER PT J AU Bulimo, WD Garner, JL Schnabel, DC Bedno, SA Njenga, MK Ochieng, WO Amukoye, E Magana, JM Simwa, JM Ofula, VO Lifumo, SM Wangui, J Breiman, RF Martin, SK AF Bulimo, Wallace D. Garner, Jason L. Schnabel, David C. Bedno, Sheryl A. Njenga, M. Kariuki Ochieng, Walter O. Amukoye, Evans Magana, James M. Simwa, James M. Ofula, Victor O. Lifumo, Samwel M. Wangui, Julia Breiman, Robert F. Martin, Samuel K. TI Genetic analysis of H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated in 2006-2007 in Nairobi, Kenya SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Genetic variant; H3N2; influenza A; Kenya ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SWISS-MODEL; PROTEIN; ANTIBODY; M2 AB Background Minimal influenza surveillance has been carried out in sub-Saharan Africa to provide information on circulating influenza subtypes for the purpose of vaccine production and monitoring trends in virus spread and mutations. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate a surveillance program in Kenya to isolate and characterize influenza viruses. Results In the 2006-2007 influenza season, nine influenza A viruses were isolated. All were of H3N2 subtype with key amino acid (aa) changes indicating that they were more closely related to recent World Health Organization recommended vaccine strains than to older vaccine strains, and mirroring the evolution of circulating influenza A globally. Hemagglutination inhibition data showed that the 2006 Kenya isolates had titers identical to the 2005-2006 H3N2 vaccine strain but two-to threefold lower titers to the 2006-2007 vaccine strain, suggesting that the isolates were antigenic variants of the 2006-2007 vaccine strains. Analysis of aa substitutions of hemagglutinin-1 (HA1) protein of the 2006 Kenyan viruses revealed unique genetic variations with several aa substitutions located at immunodominant epitopes of the HA1 protein. These mutations included the V112I change at site E, the K 173 E substitution at site D and N 278 K change at site C, mutations that may result in conformational change on the HA molecule to expose novel epitopes thus abrogating binding of preexisting antibodies at these sites. Conclusion Characterization of these important genetic variations in influenza A viruses isolated from Kenya highlights the importance of continuing surveillance and characterization of emerging influenza drift variants in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Bulimo, Wallace D.; Wangui, Julia] USA, Med Res Unit, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Garner, Jason L.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bedno, Sheryl A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Njenga, M. Kariuki; Breiman, Robert F.] Int Emerging Infect Program Kenya, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Schnabel, David C.; Martin, Samuel K.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. RP Bulimo, WD (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Box 606,Village Market, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. EM wbulimo@wrp-nbo.org RI Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 FU US Department of Defense through the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) FX Funds for this study were provided by US Department of Defense through the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS). The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the position of the United States Department of the Army or Department of Defense. The Division of Epidemiology, Air Force Institute of Operational Health, Brooks City Base, San Antonio Texas carried out quality control and quality assurance and sequenced the HA1 gene segment of the viruses described in this publication. This manuscript has been published with permission of Director, KEMRI, Kenya. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00044.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 467SA UT WOS:000267761500004 PM 19453470 ER PT J AU Irwin, JA Saunier, JL Strouss, KM Diegoli, TM Sturk, KA O'Callaghan, JE Paintner, CD Hohoff, C Brinkmann, B Parsons, TJ AF Irwin, Jodi A. Saunier, Jessica L. Strouss, Katherine M. Diegoli, Toni M. Sturk, Kimberly A. O'Callaghan, Jennifer E. Paintner, Carla D. Hohoff, Carsten Brinkmann, Bernd Parsons, Thomas J. TI Mitochondrial control region sequences from a Vietnamese population sample SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DNA CONTROL REGION; ATLANTIC SLAVE-TRADE; MTDNA HAPLOGROUP-H; LANDSCAPE; AFRICA; WEST; EAST; POOL; TREE AB Entire mitochondrial control region data were generated for 187 individuals from Vietnam. These samples have been previously typed for 16 autosomal short-tandem repeats (STRs) [1]. C1 [Irwin, Jodi A.; Saunier, Jessica L.; Strouss, Katherine M.; Diegoli, Toni M.; Sturk, Kimberly A.; O'Callaghan, Jennifer E.; Paintner, Carla D.; Parsons, Thomas J.] USAF, DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Hohoff, Carsten; Brinkmann, Bernd] Univ Klinikum Munster, Inst Rechtsmed, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Parsons, Thomas J.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Hohoff, Carsten; Brinkmann, Bernd] Forens Genet, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Irwin, JA (reprint author), USAF, DNA Identificat Lab, 1413 Res Blvd,Bldg 101, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jodi.irwin@afip.osd.mil NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-9827 J9 INT J LEGAL MED JI Int. J. Legal Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s00414-007-0205-3 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 287GA UT WOS:000254903900013 PM 17960413 ER PT J AU Fackler, S Tanton, D AF Fackler, S. Tanton, D. TI The effect of vitamin d replacement on fat-free mass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th European Congress on Obesity CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND C1 [Fackler, S.; Tanton, D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 SU 1 BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 300JM UT WOS:000255820100297 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Haffty, BG Smith, GL Hurria, A Buchholz, TA Gross, CP AF Smith, Benjamin D. Haffty, Bruce G. Smith, Grace L. Hurria, Arti Buchholz, Thomas A. Gross, Cary P. TI Use of postmastectomy radiotherapy in older women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE postmastectomy radiotherapy; breast cancer in older women; treatment patterns; quality of care; use of radiotherapy ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; SEER-MEDICARE DATA; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; BREAST-CANCER; RADIATION-THERAPY; COMORBIDITY INDEX; CLAIMS DATA; POSTOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY-WOMEN AB Purpose: Clinical trials and guidelines published between 1997 and 2001 concluded that postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves overall survival for women with high-risk breast cancer. However, the effect of these findings on current practice is not known. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare cohort, we sought to characterize the adoption of PMRT from 1992 to 2002 and identify risk factors for PMRT omission among high-risk older patients. Methods and Materials: We identified 28,973 women aged >= 66 years who had been treated with mastectomy for invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2002. Trends in the adoption of PMRT for low- (T1-T2N0), intermediate- (T1-T2N1), and high- (T3-T4 and/or N2-N3) risk patients were characterized using a Monte Carlo permutation algorithm. Multivariate logistic regression identified the risk factors for PMRT omission and calculated the adjusted use rates. Results: Postmastectomy radiotherapy use increased gradually and consistently for low-risk (+2.16%/y) and intermediate-risk (+7.20%/y) patients throughout the study interval. In contrast, PMRT use for high-risk patients increased sharply between 1996 and 1997 (+30.99%/y), but subsequently stabilized. Between 1998 and 2002, only 53% of high-risk patients received PMRT. The risk factors for PMRT omission included advanced age, moderate to severe comorbidity, smaller tumor size, fewer positive lymph nodes, and geographic region, with adjusted use rates ranging from 63.5% in San Francisco to 44.9% in Connecticut. Conclusion: Among the high-risk patients, PMRT use increased sharply in 1997 after the initial clinical trial publi cation. Despite subsequent guidelines recommending the use of PMRT, no further increase in PMRT use has occurred, and nearly 50% of high-risk patients still do not receive PMRT. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, Benjamin D.] USAF, Med Corps, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Haffty, Bruce G.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Smith, Grace L.; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hurria, Arti] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Gross, Cary P.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), USAF, Med Corps, Wilford Hall Med Ctr,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM benjamin.smith@lackland.af.mil OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672]; NIA NIH HHS [K23 AG026749-01, 1 K23 AG24842] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 71 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.09.006 PG 9 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 290UV UT WOS:000255149000015 PM 17996393 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR AF Attar, Peter J. Gordnier, Raymond E. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Numerical simulation of full-span delta wing buffet at high angle of attack SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 47th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2006 CL Newport, RI SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB In this work, the buffet of a full-span, highly flexible, 50-deg-sweep delta wing at high angle of attack is studied using a computational aeroelastic solver. The aeroelastic solver couples a second-order finite difference solution of the Euler equations to a large-rotation nonlinear finite element structural solver. Particular attention is paid to the poststall region, in which previous experiments on highly flexible low-sweep delta wings have noted increased buffet response accompanied by lift enhancement and a delay in stall. It is thought that these phenomena are due to the reorganization of the flow and reformation of a leading-edge vortex structure. The nature of this enhanced lift is studied here for the flexible delta wing at an angle of attack of 25 deg and a flow velocity of 30 m/s. Using a prescribed wing motion, it is shown that it is possible to predict lift enhancement by solving only the inviscid Euler equations. The enhanced lift is due to a reorganization of the flow and the resulting region of increased suction near the apex of the wing. It is found that the mode of wing vibration has little influence on the enhanced lift phenomena, because both a prescribed symmetric first-mode motion and a prescribed antisymmetric third-mode motion led to lift enhancement. It is also insensitive to the wing vibration frequency for the range of frequencies tested, with the concession that below some minimum frequency, lift enhancement does not occur. The amplitude of wing vibration has some effect on the time-averaged lift coefficient. Fully coupled aeroelastic computations were also performed in this study for the wing. The fully aeroelastic computation did not predict the enhanced structural dynamic behavior and lift that was observed in the experiment. The dominant dynamic response of the wing was near the first mode, which has a frequency that is too low to initiate flow organization and the resulting enhanced lift due to increased suction. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Attar, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM peter.attar@ou.edu RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 857 EP 867 DI 10.2514/1.28377 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 312RN UT WOS:000256688600010 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Wu, M Zhu, JJ Lawrence, DA Gutmark, EJ Myatt, JH May, CA AF Liu, Yong Wu, Ming Zhu, J. Jim Lawrence, Douglas A. Gutmark, Ephraim J. Myatt, James H. May, Cameron A. TI Reactive flow control of delta-wing vortex SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 21-24, 2006 CL Keystone, CO ID LOW-ORDER MODELS; BREAKDOWN; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB In this paper, the reactive flow control of delta-wing leading-edge vortices using along-core pulse-width-modulation flow injection is presented. Leading-edge vortices on the upper surface of a delta wing can augment lift. Manipulating breakdown points of leading-edge vortices can effectively change the delta wing's lift and drag and generate attitude-control torque. In this paper, a black-box dynamic model for active flow control of vortex breakdown points is identified from wind-tunnel data using a model scheduling method. Based on the identified model, a closed-loop active flow controller is developed. Simulation and real-time wind-tunnel test show that the closed-loop controller can effectively manipulate the upper surface pressure of the delta wing, which indicates that the closed-loop controller can effectively control vortex breakdown points. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM Yong.Liu.1@ohio.edu; dal@ohio.edu; Ephraim.Gutmark@uc.edu OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 880 EP 892 DI 10.2514/1.28449 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 312RN UT WOS:000256688600012 ER PT J AU Badcock, KJ Woodgate, MA Allan, MR Beran, PS AF Badcock, K. J. Woodgate, M. A. Allan, M. R. Beran, P. S. TI Wing-rock limit cycle oscillation prediction based on computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The investigation of flight dynamics instability, when based on computational fluid dynamics level aerodynamics, is traditionally done in the time domain. It is, however, possible to look to the behavior of the eigenspectrum of the Jacobian of the semidiscrete system to obtain information at a reduced computational cost. The central computational task in this approach is to solve a sparse linear system, with a key issue being the calculation of an effective parallel preconditioner. With a knowledge of the bifurcation angle and the critical eigenvalue/eigenvector, it is possible to develop a reduced-order model which can predict the limit cycle amplitude postbifurcation. In this paper the shifted inverse power method, built on a preconditioned sparse matrix solver, is used to predict the wing-rock onset angle of an 80-deg delta wing. The postbifurcation limit cycle oscillations are then calculated using a reduced model which uses knowledge of the critical mode of the system. This problem is considered here as a prototype flight dynamics instability. C1 [Badcock, K. J.; Woodgate, M. A.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Computat Fluid Dynam Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Allan, M. R.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Aerosp Engn, Computat Fluid Dynam Lab, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Beran, P. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Technol Center, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Badcock, KJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Computat Fluid Dynam Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM K.J.Badcock@liverpool.ac.uk NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 954 EP 961 DI 10.2514/1.32812 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 312RN UT WOS:000256688600019 ER PT J AU Norquist, DC Desrochers, PR McNicholl, PJ Roadcap, JR AF Norquist, Donald C. Desrochers, Paul R. McNicholl, Patrick J. Roadcap, John R. TI A characterization of cirrus cloud properties that affect laser propagation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE CLOUDS; TRANSMISSION AB Future high-altitude laser systems may be affected by cirrus clouds. Laser transmission models were applied to measured and retrieved cirrus properties to determine cirrus impact on power incident on a target or receiver. A major goal was to see how well radiosondes and geostationary satellite imagery could specify the required properties. Based on the use of ground-based radar and lidar measurements as a reference, errors in cirrus-top and cirrus-base height estimates from radiosonde observations were 20%-25% of geostationary satellite retrieval errors. Radiosondes had a perfect cirrus detection rate as compared with 80% for satellite detection. Ice water path and effective particle size were obtained with a published radar-lidar retrieval algorithm and a documented satellite algorithm. Radar-lidar particle size and ice water path were 1.5 and 3 times the satellite retrievals, respectively. Radar-lidar-based laser extinction coefficients were 55% greater than satellite values. Measured radar-lidar cirrus thickness was consistently greater than satellite-retrieved thickness, but radar-lidar microphysical retrieval required detection by both sensors at each range gate, which limited the retrievals' vertical extent. Greater radar-lidar extinction and greater satellite-based cirrus thickness yielded comparable optical depths for the two independent retrievals. Laser extinction-transmission models applied to radiosonde-retrieved cirrus heights and satellite-retrieved microphysical properties revealed a significant power loss by all models as the laser beam transits the cirrus layer. This suggests that cirrus location is more important than microphysics in high-altitude laser test support. Geostationary satellite imagery may be insufficient in cirrus detection and retrieval accuracy. Humidity-sensitive radiosondes are a potential proxy for ground-based remote sensors in cirrus detection and altitude determination. C1 [Norquist, Donald C.; Desrochers, Paul R.; McNicholl, Patrick J.; Roadcap, John R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Battlespace Environm Div, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Norquist, DC (reprint author), RVBXS, AFRL, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1336 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1756.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311BH UT WOS:000256574500004 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Wofford, JM Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Koerner, H Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Wofford, Jeremy M. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Electro-thermal tuning in a negative dielectric cholesteric liquid crystal material SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION AB The thermal and electrical tunability of a cholesteric liquid crystal containing a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal in a planar alignment was studied. The physical, optical, and electro-optical characteristics of mixtures containing different ratios of chiral dopant S811 and the negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal ZLI-2806 were examined. A smectic A phase was seen at room temperature for S811 loadings >20 wt %. Below 20%, a room temperature cholesteric phase was observed. Upon heating mixtures with composition S811 >20%, the selective reflection notch of the cholesteric phase appeared and blueshifted with temperature. Thermal tuning from 2300 to 500 nm was observed over the temperature range of 23-55 degrees C. Polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and x-ray studies were utilized to confirm the temperature-dependent phase behavior. Tuning of similar to 50 nm by the application of a direct current electric field was also observed with no onset of electrohydrodynamic instabilities for voltages up to similar to 300 V. Bandwidth broadening but not tuning was obtained with the application of alternating current fields. Electrical tuning is likely due to pitch contraction brought about through the annealing of defects. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Wofford, Jeremy M.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 9 AR 093107 DI 10.1063/1.2913326 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 302QG UT WOS:000255983200007 ER PT J AU Berg, GE AF Berg, Gregory E. TI Pubic bone age estimation in adult women SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; aging; pubic symphysis ID OS-PUBIS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; REVISED METHOD; SKELETAL AGE; SYMPHYSIS; CRITERIA; DEATH AB In recent years, numerous physical anthropologists have pointed out the need for regional standards for estimating age in various world populations. While investigating aging methods for East European populations, dramatic changes were noted in the pubic symphyseal morphology and structure of older adult female individuals. These changes were not captured in the typically used pubic symphysis aging methods. This paper defines and tests the need for a new phase, phase VII, that follows the Suchey-Brooks phase VI. In addition, Suchey-Brooks phases V and VI are redefined. Phase definitions, decision-making rules, and comparison graphics for the new method are presented. Balkan (n = 85) and Eastern Tennessee (n = 104) samples, totaling 189 individuals, were used in the analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients between four observers and a control seriation were strong, indicating ease of replicability between investigators. No statistically significant intra-observer error was detected. Summary statistics show that individuals in phase V were on average in the early 50s, while individuals in phase VI were in their mid 50s to mid 60s, and individuals in phase VII were in their mid 70s. Since linear regression models tend to under-age the elderly and over-age the young, transition analysis, using an unrestricted cumulative probit model, was undertaken to evaluate the phases and to produce point estimates for the ages-at-transition for the Balkan sample. The highest posterior density region point estimates with their associated upper and lower bounds can be used for predicting age for unknown forensic cases related to the Balkan sample. Further, the mean ages and standard deviations for phases V-VII for the Tennessee sample are presented for use in American forensic cases. C1 Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Berg, GE (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM greg.berg@jpac.pacom.mil NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00712.x PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 298VP UT WOS:000255715500006 PM 18471199 ER PT J AU Prince, DA Konigsberg, LW AF Prince, Debra A. Konigsberg, Lyle W. TI New formulae for estimating age-at-death in the Balkans utilizing Lamendin's dental technique and Bayesian analysis SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; metric dental aging; Bayes' theorem; Lamendin; translucency; age-at-death ID ASPARTIC-ACID RACEMIZATION; OCCLUSAL TOOTH WEAR; MALE OS-PUBIS; ROOT DENTIN; HUMAN-TEETH; INCREMENTAL LINES; SKELETAL AGE; AMINO-ACID; CEMENTUM ANNULATION; REVISED METHOD AB The present study analyzed apical translucency and periodontal recession on single-rooted teeth in order to generate age-at-death estimations using two inverse calibration methods and one Bayesian method. The three age estimates were compared to highlight inherent problems with the inverse calibration methods. The results showed that the Bayesian analysis reduced severity of several problems associated with adult skeletal age-at-death estimations. The Bayesian estimates produced a lower overall mean error, a higher correlation with actual age, reduced aging bias, reduced age mimicry, and reduced the age ranges associated with the most probable age as compared to the inverse calibration methods for this sample. This research concluded that periodontal recession cannot be used as a univariate age indicator, due to its low correlation with chronological age. Apical translucency yielded a high correlation with chronological age and was concluded to be an important age indicator. The Bayesian approach offered the most appropriate statistical analysis for the estimation of age-at-death with the current sample. C1 [Prince, Debra A.] Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Konigsberg, Lyle W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Prince, DA (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM Debra.Prince@jpac.pacom.mil OI Konigsberg, Lyle/0000-0003-4052-1575 NR 189 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 578 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00713.x PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 298VP UT WOS:000255715500007 PM 18471200 ER PT J AU Prince, DA Kimmerle, EH Konigsberg, LW AF Prince, Debra A. Kimmerle, Erin H. Konigsberg, Lyle W. TI A Bayesian approach to estimate skeletal age-at-death utilizing dental wear SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; Bayesian analysis; age estimation; tooth wear; Balkans ID OCCLUSAL TOOTH WEAR; AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES; MILES-METHOD; MOLAR WEAR; ATTRITION; POPULATION; PATTERNS; RATES AB In the forensic context, teeth are often recovered in mass disasters, armed conflicts, and mass graves associated with human rights violations. Therefore, for victim identification, techniques utilizing the dentition to estimate the first parameters of identity (e.g., age) can be critical. This analysis was undertaken to apply a Bayesian statistical method, transition analysis, based on the Gompertz-Makeham (GM) hazard model, to estimate individual ages-at-death for Balkan populations utilizing dental wear. Dental wear phases were scored following Smith's eight-phase ordinal scoring method and chart. To estimate age, probability density functions for the posterior distributions of age for each tooth phase are calculated. Transition analysis was utilized to generate a mean age-of-transition from one dental wear phase to the next. The age estimates are based on the calculated age distribution from the GM hazard analysis and the ages-of-transition. To estimate the age-at-death for an individual, the highest posterior density region for each phase is calculated. By using a Bayesian statistical approach to estimate age, the population's age distribution is taken into account. Therefore, the age estimates are reliable for the Balkan populations, regardless of population or sex differences. The results showed that a vast amount of interpersonal variation in dental wear exists within the current sample and that this method may be most useful for classifying unknown individuals into broad age cohorts rather than small age ranges. C1 [Prince, Debra A.] Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Kimmerle, Erin H.] Univ S Florida, Dept Anthropol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Konigsberg, Lyle W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Prince, DA (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM debra.prince@jpac.pacom.mil OI Konigsberg, Lyle/0000-0003-4052-1575 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00714.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 298VP UT WOS:000255715500008 PM 18471201 ER PT J AU Kimmerle, EH Prince, DA Berg, GE AF Kimmerle, Erin H. Prince, Debra A. Berg, Gregory E. TI Inter-observer variation in methodologies involving the pubic symphysis, sternal ribs, and teeth SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; repeatability; aging methods; identification; Balkans ID AGE ESTIMATION; OS-PUBIS; PHASE-ANALYSIS; COLLECTION; SKELETONS; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; FEMALES; TESTS; DEATH AB For the skeletal age of a victim to be useful in victim identification, the methods on which it is based must be reliable, accurate, and the results easily duplicated. The ability of multiple investigators to duplicate results is an interesting and complex issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate how consistently multiple investigators assign skeletal traits to rib, pubic symphyseal, or tooth "phases" and measure teeth. The skeletal data from identified individuals in Kosovo are used to test inter-observer variation for a variety of skeletal and dental aging techniques. Two hundred and ninety-six (n = 296) pubic symphyses were scored in the manners of the Todd's ten-phase system and the Suchey-Brooks six-phase system. Six hundred and twenty-two (n = 622) sternal rib ends were scored in the manner of Iscan and co-author's nine-phase system. Four hundred and twelve (n = 412) single-rooted teeth were measured in the manner of Lamendin and colleagues and scored for the amount of tooth wear using Smith's nine-phase system. Repeat measures were taken by multiple observers. There appears to be a wide range of variation, even among experienced investigators in the assignment of phase or metric data. Inter-observer variation, investigated through Pearson's r correlation coefficients, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and paired samples t-tests demonstrate significant differences using all methods. How this variation affects the accuracy of age estimation is subject to further investigation, but what is clear is that even with collaboration among investigators to calibrate with one another, the repeatability of numerous aging methodologies is difficult to achieve. Through this investigation it appears the problem lies in the qualitative nature of broad descriptive phase categories, which contain multiple skeletal features and traits that are open to interpretation. C1 [Kimmerle, Erin H.] Univ S Florida, Dept Anthropol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Prince, Debra A.; Berg, Gregory E.] Cent Lab Identificat, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Kimmerle, EH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Anthropol, 4202 E Fowler Ave SOC 107, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM kimmerle@cas.usf.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 594 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00715.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 298VP UT WOS:000255715500009 PM 18471202 ER PT J AU Jorris, TR Cobb, RG AF Jorris, Timothy R. Cobb, Richard G. TI Multiple method 2-D trajectory optimization satisifying waypoints and no-fly zone constraints SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID AIR VEHICLES; GUIDANCE AB Minimum time to target is one of the primary goals of a global strike mission. The Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle and the Common Aero Vehicle are currently being investigated for mission effectiveness. Additional mission requirements include passage through intermediate waypoints and avoidance of no-fly zones. Thus, a real-time or near real-time autonomous trajectory generation technique is desired to minimize the flight time, satisfy terminal and multiple intermediate state constraints, and remain within specified control limitations. The research herein presents a baseline technique, an analytical geometric trajectory optimization technique, and a dynamic optimization technique. Numerical examples for constant speed trajectories as well as decelerating flight are used to demonstrate and compare the presented techniques. These results show the significant time savings achievable through optimization, the accuracy and computation efficiency of the geometric solution, and the robustness and application of the dynamic optimization technique. C1 [Jorris, Timothy R.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jorris, TR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.jorris@us.af.mil; richard.cobb@afit.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 543 EP 553 DI 10.2514/1.32354 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 298OY UT WOS:000255698200009 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Ceccarelli, N Chandler, PR AF Pachter, Meir Ceccarelli, N. Chandler, P. R. TI Vision-based target geolocation using micro air vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Hilton Head Isl, SC AB A method for determining the location of a stationary ground target when imaged from the air using a camera-equipped micro air vehicle is developed. The ground object's elevation is assumed known. Rather than a "one-shot" affair, multiple bearing measurements of the ground object taken as the aircraft flies around the target are used. This makes it possible for the adverse effects of both the random measurement errors and the systematic measurement errors (i.e., attitude sensors' biases) to be mitigated. The main result of this paper is that when bearing measurements of a target are taken over time, the target's position and the micro air vehicle's systematic attitude-measurement errors can be jointly estimated using linear regression. As a result, the target is accurately geolocated and the attitude sensors are calibrated. If only one snap bearing measurement of the target can be taken, the attitude sensors will be calibrated before arrival at the target area using an initial point. The technique was successfully tested on actual flight data collected during multiple micro air vehicle operations for cooperative geolocation of unknown targets. C1 [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandler, P. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 597 EP 615 DI 10.2514/1.31896 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 298OY UT WOS:000255698200014 ER PT J AU Benin, V Yeates, AT Dudis, D AF Benin, Vladimir Yeates, Alan T. Dudis, Douglas TI Preparation of halogenated derivatives of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole via direct electrophilic aromatic substitution SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CO-OLIGOMERS; MP2 ENERGY; BROMINATION; QUINOLINE; GRADIENT; EXCHANGE; DENSITY AB Chlorination and bromination reactions of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole led to the generation of its mono- and dihalogenated derivatives. These are the first instances of successful direct electrophilic aromatic substitution in the thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole ring system. X-ray analysis demonstrates that both 2-bromothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole and 2,5-dibromothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole are planar structures, with strongly manifested pi-stacking in the solid state. Theoretical analysis of the pyridine-catalyzed halogenation (MP2/6-31+G(d) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d) calculations) reveals that introduction of one halogen actually leads to a slightly enhanced reactivity towards further halogenation. Several halogenation mechanisms have been investigated: 1) The direct C-halogenation with N-halopyridine as electrophile; 2) C-halogenation via intermediate N-halogenation, and 3) C-halogenation following an addition - elimination pathway, with intermediate formation of a cyclic halonium ion. The theoretical studies suggest that the direct C-halogenation is the favored mechanism. C1 [Benin, Vladimir] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Yeates, Alan T.; Dudis, Douglas] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Benin, V (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 811 EP 819 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 302KR UT WOS:000255967700028 ER PT J AU Zuclich, JA Edsall, PE Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Till, S Hollins, RC Kennedy, PK McLin, LN AF Zuclich, J. A. Edsall, P. E. Lund, D. J. Stuck, B. E. Till, S. Hollins, R. C. Kennedy, P. K. McLin, L. N. TI New data on the variation of laser induced retinal-damage threshold with retinal image size SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser; eye protection; retina; image size; spot size; lesion; damage threshold; thermal model ID MELANIN GRANULE MODEL AB In earlier studies, we examined the dependence of the laser induced retinal damage threshold on retinal image size for extended-source ocular exposures. We reported the spot-size dependence of the retinal threshold (based on ophthalmic observations at 24 It postexposure) for two pulsewidth regimes: nanosecond-duration (Q-switched) pulses from a doubled Nd:yttriuin-aluminum-garnet laser and microsecond-duration pulses from a flashlamp-pumped dye laser at 590 urn. In either case, the retinal threshold was shown to vary with the area (i.e., diameter squared) for image diameters >5 mrad. More recently, we have collected additional data for the intermediate spot-size range (1.5-10 mrad) and have compared both the absolute values and the spot-size trend of retinal thresholds determined via ophthalmoscopic observation at 1 h postexposure to the analogous threshold data collected with observations at 24 h postexposure. These additional data and analyses reinforce our earlier conclusions regarding the threshold vs. spot-size trend and are compared to and reconciled with results from previously published extended-source ocular damage studies. The experimental spot-size trends are also contrasted to the existing laser safety standard treatments of maximum permissible exposure levels for extended-source ocular exposures. (C) 2008 Laser Institute of America. C1 [Zuclich, J. A.; Edsall, P. E.] Northrop Grumman IT, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Lund, D. J.; Stuck, B. E.] US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Till, S.; Hollins, R. C.] UK Dstl, Malvern WR 143PS, Worcs, England. [Kennedy, P. K.; McLin, L. N.] USAF, Opt Radiat Branch, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zuclich, JA (reprint author), Northrop Grumman IT, 4241 Woodcock Dr,Suite B-100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM joe.zuclich.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.2351/1.2900536 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 303NE UT WOS:000256046400004 ER PT J AU Glickman, RD Johnson, TE Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Denton, ML Kumar, N Rockwell, BA AF Glickman, Randolph D. Johnson, Thomas E. Noojin, Gary D. Stolarski, David J. Denton, Michael L. Kumar, Neeru Rockwell, Benjamin A. TI Laser bioeffects associated with ultrafast lasers: Role of multiphoton absorption SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE comet assay; DNA strand breaks; laser bioeffects; mulitphoton absorption; RPE cell; ultrashort pulse laser ID DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; ULTRASHORT-PULSE; RETINAL DAMAGE; CULTURED RPE; MELANIN; CELLS; FLUORESCENCE; TELOMERASE; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; MECHANISMS AB Although laser-induced breakdown has the lowest energy threshold in the femtosecond domain, and appears to be responsible for production of threshold retinal lesions by ultrashort pulse lasers, previous findings suggested a role for multiphoton absorption in retinal damage. In this study, we investigated if near infrared ultrashort laser pulses produced DNA damage by exciting short wavelength-absorbing chromophores via multiphoton absorption. The experiments were carried out in nonpigmented and artificially pigmented hTERT-RPE cells, a line of human-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Cells were exposed to 0.25 s pulses of CW and mode-locked 810 nm laser emissions, at irradiances equivalent to 0.5 and 1.0 times the ED50 for threshold damage in the primate eye, and DNA strand breaks were measured using the comet assay (single cell get electrophoresis). At 0.5 x ED50, increased DNA strand breakage occurred after the ultrashort (mode-locked) exposures, but not the CW exposures, compared to control cells. At 1.0 x ED50, both the mode-locked- and CW-exposed cells exhibited increased DNA damage, compared to controls. These differences, although significant, were inconsistent, because they were found only in the comet assay tail length parameter, but not the tail moment parameter. Moreover, the amount of DNA strand breakage was clearly dependent on the amount of melanin pigmentation in the cells, regardless of laser pulsewidth. A theoretical analysis found that the number of photons delivered to the RPE melanosome during a single 33-250 A pulse, at an irradiance equivalent to the ED50, was insufficient to produce multiphoton excitation. In addition, the equivalent DNA strand breakage in pigmented RPE cells after ultrashort and CW exposures indicated that multiphoton absorption is not a major contributor to the ultrashort pulse laser damage threshold in the near infrared optical spectrum. (C) 2008 Laser Institute of America. C1 [Glickman, Randolph D.; Kumar, Neeru] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Johnson, Thomas E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Stolarski, David J.; Denton, Michael L.] Northrup Grumman Warfighter & Applicat Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Glickman, RD (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM glickman@uthscsa.edu NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.2351/1.2900538 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 303NE UT WOS:000256046400005 ER PT J AU Chorney, DB Detweiler, MF Morris, TL Kuhn, BR AF Chorney, Daniel B. Detweiler, Michael F. Morris, Tracy L. Kuhn, Brett R. TI The interplay of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression in children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anxiety; children; depression; sleep disorder ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; NIGHTTIME FEARS; PANIC DISORDER; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC SLEEP; COMMUNITY SURVEY; SOCIAL PHOBIA AB Objective To review and critically evaluate the association between sleep, anxiety, and depression in children and provide recommendations for future research.Methods A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and PsychINFO computerized databases and bibliographies of relevant articles. Results A surprisingly small but growing research base exists on the relation between sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression in pediatric populations. Existing research indicates a significant symptom overlap between anxiety, depression, and sleep. This overlap may complicate proper assessment and treatment of children with these disorders. Conclusions Future research should ensure adequate assessment for symptoms of anxiety and depression when examining sleep disturbance in children. Likewise, research on anxiety and depression should include assessment for symptoms of disturbed sleep. Bridging the gap between these literatures should provide further insights into the etiologies of these disorders, increase symptom detection, and improve the clinical care of children and their families. C1 [Chorney, Daniel B.; Morris, Tracy L.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Psychol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Detweiler, Michael F.] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Kuhn, Brett R.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. RP Morris, TL (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Psychol, 1124 Life Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM tracy.morris@mail.wvu.edu RI Kuhn, Brett/E-7672-2010; OI Morris, Tracy/0000-0002-4257-7989 NR 93 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-8693 J9 J PEDIATR PSYCHOL JI J. Pediatr. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm105 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 284NW UT WOS:000254714100002 PM 17991689 ER PT J AU Moradi, LG Davidson, JS Dinan, RJ AF Moradi, Lee G. Davidson, James S. Dinan, Robert J. TI Resistance of membrane retrofit concrete masonry walls to lateral pressure SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article AB This paper first describes the current state of analysis for the response of unreinforced concrete masonry walls subjected to lateral uniform pressure. The formulation is based on the initial elastic response, the subsequent initiation of cracks and the nonlinear rocking response, and the eventual large displacement and potential collapse. The necessary equations are developed for these phases in the form of a resistance function. The paper then incorporates membrane retrofit materials to strengthen the wall's resistance to lateral pressure, and develops the necessary resistance function equations. In blast tests, membrane retrofit unreinforced masonry walls have experienced severe cracking and large displacements without collapse. This is of high interest to the Department of Defense, the protection of diplomatic facilities, and the construction industry impacted by hurricanes and other high wind events. The paper concludes with examples that demonstrate application of membrane retrofits indeed increase the resistance of the wall to lateral pressure. C1 [Moradi, Lee G.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Davidson, James S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Dinan, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Moradi, LG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, CBSE 100,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM moradi@uab.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2008)22:3(131) PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 303RX UT WOS:000256059700003 ER PT J AU Stanley, CM Wang, Y Pal, S Klebe, RJ Harkless, LB Xu, XP Chen, ZH Steffensen, B AF Stanley, Corey M. Wang, Yao Pal, Sanjay Klebe, Robert J. Harkless, Lawrence B. Xu, Xiaoping Chen, Zhihua Steffensen, Bjorn TI Fibronectin fragmentation is a feature of periodontal disease sites and diabetic foot and leg wounds and modifies cell behavior SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell behavior; diabetes; fibronectin; periodontal disease; proteolysis; wound healing ID METALLOPROTEINASE GENE-EXPRESSION; POTENTIAL PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID; HUMAN-PLASMA FIBRONECTIN; COLD-INSOLUBLE GLOBULIN; II-LIKE MODULES; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; SURFACE PROTEIN; LIGAMENT CELLS; GELATINASE-A AB Background: Fibronectin (FN) undergoes fragmentation in periodontal disease sites and in poorly healing diabetic wounds. The biologic effects of FN fragments on wound healing remain unresolved. This study characterized the pattern of FN fragmentation and its effects on cellular behavior compared to intact FN. Methods: Polyclonal antibodies were raised against FN and three defined recombinant segments of FN and used to analyze gingival crevicular fluid from periodontal disease sites in systemically healthy subjects and in subjects with diabetes, as well as chronic leg and foot wound exudates from subjects with diabetes. Subsequently, the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and HT1080 reference cells were analyzed by measuring cell attachment, migration, and chemotaxis in the presence of intact FN or recombinant FN fragments. Results: FN fragmentation was evident in fluids from periodontal disease sites and diabetic leg and foot wounds. However, no fragmentation pattern distinguished systemically healthy subjects from subjects with diabetes. hGFs and HT1080 cells required significantly higher concentrations of FN fragments to achieve attachment comparable to intact FN. Cells cultured on FN fragments also were morphologically different from cells cultured on full-length FN. Migration was reduced for hGFs cultured on FN fragments relative to full-length FN. In contrast, FN fragments increased HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell migration over intact FN. Conclusions: FN fragmentation is a prominent feature of periodontal and chronic leg and foot wounds in diabetes. Furthermore, cell culture assays confirmed the hypothesis that exposure to defined FN fragments significantly alters cell behavior. C1 [Stanley, Corey M.; Wang, Yao; Pal, Sanjay; Xu, Xiaoping; Chen, Zhihua; Steffensen, Bjorn] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Stanley, Corey M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Klebe, Robert J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Struct & Cellular Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Harkless, Lawrence B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Steffensen, Bjorn] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Steffensen, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, MSC 7894,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM SteffensenB@uthscsa.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE017139, DE 016312, DE 12818, DE 14236, DE 17139, K02 DE016312, K02 DE016312-05, R01 DE014236, R01 DE014236-05, R01 DE017139-03] NR 66 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 EI 1943-3670 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1902/jop.2008.070492 PG 15 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 302IH UT WOS:000255961500013 PM 18454665 ER PT J AU Johnson, JJ King, PI Clark, JP AF Johnson, Jamie J. King, Paul I. Clark, John P. TI Low-heat-load-vane profile optimization, part 1: Code validation and airfoil redesign SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME 9th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA, ASME AB Historically, there has been a distinct difference between the design of turbomachinery airfoils for aerodynamic performance and that for durability. However, future aeroengine systems will require ever-increasing levels of turbine inlet temperature, causing the durability and reliability of components to be an ever-more-important design concern. As a result, the need to incorporate heat-transfer predictions into traditional aerodynamic design and optimization systems presents itself. The following is an effort to design a minimized-heat-load airfoil with reputable aerodynamics. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver is validated over different How regimes and various boundary conditions against extensive data available in literature. A nominal vane airfoil midspan profile is redesigned for minimum heat load by means of both design practice and two types of optimization algorithms. Results indicate an appreciable reduction in theoretical heat load relative to the original vane; peak leading-edge heat transfer was reduced and suction-surface transition onset was delayed significantly. A method for two-dimensional design optimization for aerodynamics and heat load is successfully demonstrated. C1 [Johnson, Jamie J.; King, Paul I.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, John P.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.2514/1.28530 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 300HN UT WOS:000255815000002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JJ King, PI Clark, JP Flanagan, MJ Lemaire, RP AF Johnson, Jamie J. King, Paul I. Clark, John P. Flanagan, Michael J. Lemaire, Ryan P. TI Low-heat-load-vane profile optimization, part 2: Short-duration shock-tunnel experiments SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME 9th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA, ASME ID TURBINE STAGE; FLUX DATA; TRANSITION; PREDICTIONS; ROTOR; BLADE AB Complete knowledge of the heat transfer over the surfaces of turbine components within their harsh operating environments is key to knowing the durability of a given airfoil design. Here, a nominal turbine inlet vane was tested for unsteady-heat-load measurements in a low-aspect-ratio linear cascade. A new airfoil called the low-heat-load vane, designed specifically for a reduced heat load, was tested experimentally and unsteady-heat-load trends were compared with the nominal vane counterpart. The tests were performed in a reflected-shock tunnel to validate the How solver and turbomachinery design system used to generate the new airfoil shape, for which special attention was paid to leading-edge and suction-side heat-flux characteristics. Results indicate an appreciable reduction in heat load relative to the nominal vane. This work lends credibility to designing turbine airfoils for durability with the same emphasis normally given to designing for aeroperformance. C1 [Clark, John P.; Flanagan, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Propuls Directorate, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Jamie J.; King, Paul I.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.2514/1.28501 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 300HN UT WOS:000255815000003 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Carter, CD Montes, DR Haubelt, LC Kings, PI Hs, KY AF Gruber, Mark R. Carter, Campbell. D. Montes, Daniel R. Haubelt, Lane C. Kings, Paul I. Hs, Kuang-Yu TI Experimental studies of pylon-aided fuel injection into a supersonic crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE INJECTION AB An investigation of the nonreacting flow associated with pylon-aided gaseous fuel injection into a Mach 2 crossflow is described. In this study, a small pylon was positioned just upstream of a circular flush-wall fuel injector. Three pylon geometries were studied, along with a no-pylon reference case. In all cases, a typical cavity-based flameholder was positioned downstream of the fuel injector. The injectant plume characteristics were interrogated using a variety of laser-based and probe-based measurement techniques. Planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide was used to study the instantaneous plume structure. Spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering provided time-averaged plume characteristics and mixing information. Probe-based instrumentation was used in conjunction with the mixing data to estimate the total pressure losses associated with each configuration. Each pylon had a unique influence on the fuel-injection plume. In all cases, the presence of the pylon resulted in improved fuel penetration into the supersonic crossflow without significantly changing the total-pressure-loss characteristics. Mixing efficiencies of the pylon-aided injection cases were not substantially different from the reference case. C1 [Gruber, Mark R.; Carter, Campbell. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kings, Paul I.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hs, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 460 EP 470 DI 10.2514/1.32231 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 300HN UT WOS:000255815000010 ER PT J AU Mathews, KA Gerts, DW AF Mathews, K. A. Gerts, D. W. TI Bayesian analysis for very-low-background counting of short-lived isotopes: Lowest minimum detectable quantity SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIKELIHOOD AB Conventional statistical analyses of counting measurements with a paired-count blank and sample yield unacceptably-large estimates of uncertainty that reduce measurement sensitivity when applied to very-low-background detection systems. An alternative is presented here: Bayesian analysis using longer-duration background measurements, appropriate modeling of the background, and a binomial distribution of decay-induced counts valid even for short-lived isotopes. We develop the needed formulae and demonstrate how the decision level and sample measurement duration are optimized jointly to produce the lowest minimum detectable quantity subject to constraints of specified acceptable risks of false detection and false failure to detect. A frequentist's interpretation is maintained by using equal-likelihood prior distributions. C1 [Mathews, K. A.; Gerts, D. W.] USAF, Inst Technol, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mathews, KA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, WPAFB, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kirk.mathews@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 276 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0503-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 296ZT UT WOS:000255585300003 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Lacy, SL Babuska, V Hanes, S Schrader, K Fuentes, R AF Lane, Steven A. Lacy, Seth L. Babuska, Vit Hanes, Stephen Schrader, Karl Fuentes, Robert TI Active vibration control of a deployable optical telescope SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SPACE; MIRROR; PAMELA; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory developed the deployable optical telescope testbed as part of the large deployable optics research program. The goal of this program was to investigate the feasibility of a deployable space telescope concept and to mature critical enabling technologies to provide risk reduction for the general mission concept. This paper discusses many of the challenges encountered in laboratory testing of complex, sensitive, deployable systems. Implementation of a white-light interferometer for initialization and calibration, a pencil beam or single-pixel heterodyne interferometer for measuring primary mirror motion, and a Twyman-Green interferometer system for wave-front monitoring are discussed. Development of integrated system models and system identification methods for controller design are discussed. Active structural control was demonstrated to maintain optical alignment of the telescope while subjected to simulated reaction wheel disturbances, ambient vibration and atmospheric beam steering. Wave-front sensing and interferogram analysis were used to quantitatively assess optical performance, but wave-front error was not fed back to the controller. C1 [Lane, Steven A.; Lacy, Seth L.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1525, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hanes, Stephen] Boeing Co, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Schrader, Karl; Fuentes, Robert] Boeing SVS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 568 EP 586 DI 10.2514/1.30838 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 312SG UT WOS:000256690500017 ER PT J AU Bailey, J Waters, S AF Bailey, Justin Waters, Shannon TI Acute psychosis after bupropion treatment in a healthy 28-year-old woman SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 [Bailey, Justin; Waters, Shannon] Travis AFB Hosp, US AF Air Mobil Command, Travis Air Force Base, CA 94535 USA. RP Bailey, J (reprint author), Travis AFB Hosp, US AF Air Mobil Command, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis Air Force Base, CA 94535 USA. EM justin.bailey-02@travis.af.mil NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 244 EP 245 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2008.03.070236 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 299EG UT WOS:000255738000011 PM 18467537 ER PT J AU Fuller, J Blum, Y Marschall, J AF Fuller, Joan Blum, Yigal Marschall, Jochen TI Topical issue on ultra-high-temperature ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fuller, Joan] USAF, Off Sci Res, High Temp Aerosp Mat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Blum, Yigal; Marschall, Jochen] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, High Temp Aerosp Mat, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1397 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02481.x PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 297ZR UT WOS:000255656400002 ER PT J AU Fair, GE Hay, RS Boakye, EE AF Fair, Geoff E. Hay, Randall S. Boakye, Emmanuel E. TI Precipitation coating of monazite on woven ceramic fibers: II. Effect of processing conditions on coating morphology and strength retention of Nextel (TM) 610 and 720 fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OXIDE COMPOSITES; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; COATED-FIBER; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINA; INTERFACES; FILAMENTS AB Woven cloths of Nextel (TM) 610 and 720 fibers were coated with monazite by precipitation. The cloths were first saturated with concentrated precursor solutions, and then submerged in warm water to initiate precipitation onto the fiber surfaces. Coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; thermogravimetric analysis was performed on LaPO4 owders precipitated in solution under the same conditions as the coatings were deposited. Coating thickness distributions were measured and analyzed. Coated fiber strength was measured following heat treatment for 2 h at 1200 degrees C. Processing conditions which retain a substantial fraction of the uncoated fiber strength are identified, and are discussed in the context of current understanding of strength degradation in coated fibers. Strength retention of coated Nextel (TM) 610 fibers following heat treatment was broadly insensitive to precursor solution chemistry and was more strongly affected by intercoat firings which govern the final coating microstructure. For fixed processing conditions, more strength degradation was observed in Nextel (TM) 720 due to higher residual stresses in the fiber. C1 [Fair, Geoff E.; Hay, Randall S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Boakye, Emmanuel E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoff.fair@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1508 EP 1516 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02333.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 297ZR UT WOS:000255656400019 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, TE Clouse, WD Peck, MA Bowser, AN Eliason, JL Cox, MW Woodward, B Jones, WT Jenkins, DH AF Rasmussen, Todd E. Clouse, W. Darrin Peck, Michael A. Bowser, Andrew N. Eliason, Jonathan L. Cox, Mitchell W. Woodward, Baylor Jones, W. Tracey Jenkins, Donald H. TI Development and implementation of endovascular capabilities in wartime SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR INJURY; ARTERY INJURIES; PELVIC FRACTURE; COVERED STENT; GRAFT REPAIR; MANAGEMENT; EMBOLIZATION; WAR; HEMORRHAGE; PLACEMENT AB Background. Endovascular techniques are widespread in the management of civilian trauma and provide standard treatment for select injuries. Despite the commonality of this less invasive technology, there have been no reports on its use in wartime. The objective of this study was to describe the implementation of endovascular capability at a level III surgical facility in Iraq and illustrate the effectiveness of catheter-based techniques. Methods. From September 1, 2004 through April 30, 2007, injuries at the Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad, Iraq, were registered in a database and reviewed. Patients in whom endovascular procedures were performed comprise the study group (N = 139). Results. During this period, 150 catheter-based procedures were performed, including placement of 39 vena cava filters. The 111 nonfilter procedures were performed in the setting of extremity (N = 72), cervical (N = 19), and torso (N = 20) injuries. Of the diagnostic procedures, an abnormal finding was present in 67 (61%) cases, and 47 of these underwent either open surgical repair (N = 30) or endovascular treatment (N = 17). Endovascular therapies fell into three categories: embolization (N = 10), covered stent placement (N = 5), or miscellaneous (N = 2). The technical success rate of en-dovascular treatments was 100%, and procedure-related complications were uncommon (N = 4; 3%). Conclusion. This report is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular capability in the management of acute wartime injury. Implementation of this capability has unique requirements related to imaging and a trauma-specific endovascular inventory. Once established, however, endovascular capability markedly expands the injury management armamentarium and, in certain cases, provides the preferred treatment. C1 [Rasmussen, Todd E.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Peck, Michael A.; Bowser, Andrew N.; Jones, W. Tracey] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Cox, Mitchell W.; Jenkins, Donald H.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Peck, Michael A.; Bowser, Andrew N.; Eliason, Jonathan L.; Cox, Mitchell W.; Woodward, Baylor; Jones, W. Tracey; Jenkins, Donald H.] AFTH, EMDG 332, Balad AB, Iraq. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 38 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2008 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1097/TA.0013018106564 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 301SH UT WOS:000255915400004 PM 18469637 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Donahue, T Kusuda, L Sexton, W O'Reilly, K Hernandez, J Chung, A Soderdahl, D AF Moul, Judd W. Wu, Hongyu Sun, Leon McLeod, David G. Amling, Christopher Donahue, Timothy Kusuda, Leo Sexton, Wade O'Reilly, Keith Hernandez, Javier Chung, Andrew Soderdahl, Douglas TI Early versus delayed hormonal therapy for prostate specific antigen only recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (Reprinted from The Journal of Urology, vol 171, pg 1141-1147, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Reprint DE prostatic neoplasms; recurrence; prostate-specific antigen; hormones; prostatectomy ID ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; DEFENSE CENTER; PSA; PROGRESSION; DATABASE; ERA AB Purpose: Hormonal therapy (HT) is the current mainstay of systemic treatment for prostate specific antigen (PSA) only recurrence (PSAR), however, there is virtually no published literature comparing HT to observation in the clinical setting. The goal of this study was to examine the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research observational database to compare clinical outcomes in men who experienced PSAR after radical prostatectomy by early versus delayed use of HT and by a risk stratified approach. Materials and Methods: Of 5,382 men in the database who underwent primary radical prostatectomy (RP), 4,967 patients were treated in the PSA-era between 1988 and December 2002. Of those patients 1,352 men who had PSAR (PSA after surgery greater than 0.2 ng/ml) and had postoperative followup greater than 6 months were used as the study cohort. These patients were further divided into an early HT group in which patients (355) received HT after PSA only recurrence but before clinical metastasis and a late HT group for patients (997) who received no HT before clinical metastasis or by current followup. The primary end point was the development of clinical metastases. Of the 1,352 patients with PSAR clinical metastases developed in 103 (7.6%). Patients were also stratified by surgical Gleason sum, PSA doubling time and timing of recurrence. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of early and late HT on clinical outcome. Results: Early HT was associated with delayed clinical metastasis in patients with a pathological Gleason sum greater than 7 or PSA doubling time of 12 months or less (Hazards ratio = 2.12, p = 0.01). However, in the overall cohort early HT did not impact clinical metastases. Race, age at RP and PSA at diagnosis had no effect on metastasis-free survival (p >0.05). Conclusions: The retrospective observational multicenter database analysis demonstrated that early HT administered for PSAR after prior RP was an independent predictor of delayed clinical metastases only for high-risk cases at the current followup. Further study with longer followup and randomized trials are needed to address this important issue. C1 [Moul, Judd W.; Wu, Hongyu; Sun, Leon] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Donahue, Timothy] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Chung, Andrew] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Moul, Judd W.; McLeod, David G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Amling, Christopher] San Diego Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. [Kusuda, Leo] Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Sexton, Wade] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hernandez, Javier] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [O'Reilly, Keith] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Soderdahl, Douglas] Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Augusta, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jmoul@cpdr.org NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 179 IS 5 SU S BP S53 EP S59 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.138 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 288SG UT WOS:000255005500019 PM 18405753 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Waite, AR Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Jones, J. G. Waite, A. R. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Nitrogen and hydrogen plasma treatments of multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CNX FILMS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NITRIDE; GROWTH AB This article investigates plasma treatment of vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) films in different plasma environments for modification of surface chemistry and morphology. The surfaces of the CNTs were functionalized with a pulsed dc plasma treatment, where the power was directly applied to the nanotube film in low pressure argon/nitrogen and argon/hydrogen backgrounds. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to detect atomic and molecular excitations in the gas mixtures as well as in pure gases in the vicinity of the CNT films. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed on the treated samples to examine CNT surface chemistry after treatment. The analysis of CNT films after nitrogen and hydrogen treatment indicated formation of both C - N and C - H bonds, respectively. Correlations of the plasma characteristics to the surface chemistry and morphology of the CNT surfaces are discussed. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Waite, A. R.; Muratore, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.jones@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 995 EP 1000 DI 10.1116/1.2917068 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 307FO UT WOS:000256304600019 ER PT J AU Brothers, MD Doan, BK Wile, AL Weinstein, JL Zupan, MF Wilber, RL Byrnes, WC AF Brothers, Michael D. Doan, Brandon K. Wile, Al L. Weinstein, James L. Zupan, Michael F. Wilber, Randall L. Byrnes, William C. TI Chronic Hematological and Physiological Adaptations following 48 weeks of Moderate Altitude Residence SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brothers, Michael D.; Doan, Brandon K.; Wile, Al L.] USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Weinstein, James L.] USAF Acad, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Zupan, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Wilber, Randall L.] US Olymp Training Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Byrnes, William C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.brothers@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S51 EP S51 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321669.93531.0f PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901197 ER PT J AU Cuddy, J Hailes, W Reinert, A Slivka, D Ruby, B AF Cuddy, John Hailes, Walter Reinert, Andrew Slivka, Dustin Ruby, Brent TI Accelerometry And Corresponding Physiological Stress During Air Force Special Tactics Officer Selection SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cuddy, John; Hailes, Walter; Slivka, Dustin; Ruby, Brent] Univ Montana, Montana Ctr Work Physiol & Exercise Metab, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reinert, Andrew] USAF, Special Operat Command, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. EM john1.cuddy@umontana.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S237 EP S237 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322515.09819.bb PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902274 ER PT J AU Doan, BK Brothers, MD Wile, AL Duarte, K Rasley, C Wishtischin, R AF Doan, Brandon K. Brothers, Michael D. Wile, Alfred L. Duarte, Kim Rasley, Craig Wishtischin, Robert TI Comparison of DEXA, Hydrostatic and Anthropometrical Body Composition Methods in College-age Men and Women SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Doan, Brandon K.; Brothers, Michael D.; Wile, Alfred L.; Duarte, Kim; Rasley, Craig; Wishtischin, Robert] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM brandon.doan@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S274 EP S274 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000323109.99705.3f PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902420 ER PT J AU Fogt, D Brosch, L Kalns, J Dacey, D Fitzpatrick, A Kaufman, R Ketchum, N Latham, J Radcliff, D Rohrbeck, P Venuto, M Bunning, M AF Fogt, Donovan Brosch, Lorie Kalns, John Dacey, Danny Fitzpatrick, Abbie Kaufman, Rachel Ketchum, Norma Latham, Jessica Radcliff, Donna Rohrbeck, Patricia Venuto, Margaret Bunning, Mike TI Hydration Status Of Air Force Basic Trainees After Implementation Of The Back Mounted Hydration System SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fogt, Donovan] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ketchum, Norma] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kalns, John; Fitzpatrick, Abbie; Kaufman, Rachel; Latham, Jessica] Hyper Biotechnol Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. EM donovan.fogt@utsa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S236 EP S236 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322512.25066.9c PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902271 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Muza, SR Beidleman, B Jones, J Lammi, E Kambis, K Doan, BK Brothers, MD Zupan, MF Cymerman, A AF Fulco, Charles S. Muza, Stephen R. Beidleman, Beth Jones, Juli Lammi, Eric Kambis, Kenneth Doan, Brandon K. Brothers, Michael D. Zupan, Michael F. Cymerman, Allen TI Living For Six Days At 2200 M Improves Prolonged Time-Trial Performance Of Sea-Level Residents Exposed To 4300 M SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fulco, Charles S.; Muza, Stephen R.; Beidleman, Beth; Jones, Juli; Lammi, Eric; Kambis, Kenneth; Cymerman, Allen] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Doan, Brandon K.; Brothers, Michael D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Zupan, Michael F.] AF Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S171 EP S172 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322209.91131.79 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902012 ER PT J AU Wile, AL Doan, BK Brothers, MD Zupan, MF AF Wile, Alfred L. Doan, Brandon K. Brothers, Michael D. Zupan, Michael F. TI Effects Of Sports Vision Training On Visual Skill Performance SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wile, Alfred L.; Doan, Brandon K.; Brothers, Michael D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Zupan, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM al.wile@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S399 EP S399 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322701.18207.3b PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070903280 ER PT J AU Zupan, MF Doan, BK Brothers, MD Cavallo, M Fernandez, M Fulco, CS AF Zupan, Michael F. Doan, Brandon K. Brothers, Michael D. Cavallo, Michael Fernandez, Miquel Fulco, Charles S. TI Effects of Staging at 2200 m on Eye-Hand Speed and Accuracy of Sea-Level Residents Exposed to 4300 m SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zupan, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Doan, Brandon K.; Brothers, Michael D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cavallo, Michael; Fernandez, Miquel; Fulco, Charles S.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM michael.zupan@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S52 EP S52 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321671.01155.a2 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901199 ER PT J AU Wang, BL Wen, YH Simmons, J Wang, YZ AF Wang, Billie Wen, Y. H. Simmons, Jeff Wang, Yunzhi TI Systematic approach to microstructure design of Ni-base alloys using classical nucleation and growth relations coupled with phase field modeling SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Necleation and Critical Nuclei during Fires-Order Diffusional Phase Transformations CY OCT 15-19, 2006 CL Cincinnati, OH ID ELASTIC INTERACTION; NUCLEUS FORMATION; STRAIN-ENERGY AB To analyze the formation of bimodal particle size distributions during precipitation, the dynamic competition for supersaturation by growth of existing precipitates and nucleation of new particles was studied under continuous cooling conditions with constant cooling rates. The nucleation rate was calculated according to classical nucleation theory as a function of local supersaturation and temperature. The depletion of matrix supersaturation by growth of existing particles was calculated from fully diffusion-controlled precipitate growth in an infinite matrix. Phase field simulations of gamma ' precipitation in a binary Ni-Al alloy were performed under continuous cooling conditions. Then the average and maximum matrix supersaturations were calculated and plotted onto the contours of nucleation rate and growth rate in concentration and temperature space. These methods were used iteratively to identify the window for bimodal particle size distributions. C1 [Wang, Billie; Wang, Yunzhi] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wen, Y. H.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Simmons, Jeff] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, BL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jeff.simmons@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 39A IS 5 BP 984 EP 993 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9405-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 285KW UT WOS:000254776700005 ER PT J AU Tomczak, MM Slocik, JM Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Tomczak, Melanie M. Slocik, Joseph M. Stone, Morley O. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biofunctionalized nanoparticles and their uses SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR BIOMIMETICS; PHAGE DISPLAY; QUANTUM DOTS; PEPTIDES; NANOSTRUCTURES; TEMPLATES; NANOMATERIALS AB Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the way that sensing, electronic, optical, and medical devices are designed because the properties of nanostructures are distinct from their bulk-material counterparts. The incorporation of nanomaterials into devices and sensors to exploit their unique properties has been a challenge because they must be functionalized in a manner that does not destroy their properties. Biological macromolecules can non-covalently or covalently bind to nanomaterials, resulting in the formation of biofunctionalized nanoparticles. These biofunctionalized nanoparticles are exemplified by the peptide-mediated suspension of carbon nanotubes in solution and the templating of bimetallic nanoparticles using multifunctional peptides. C1 [Tomczak, Melanie M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] AFRL, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tomczak, Melanie M.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Tomczak, Melanie M.] Univ Calif Davis, John Crowes Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Stone, Morley O.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Tomczak, MM (reprint author), AFRL, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBP Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1557/mrs2008.104 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 303HY UT WOS:000256032800016 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Ly, J Bell, JP Parker, EE John, CM Babb, JC Stapp, AM AF Beall, Douglas P. Ly, Justin Bell, Jayson P. Parker, Ellen E. John, Christopher M. Babb, Julie C. Stapp, Annette M. TI Pediatric extraskeletal osteosarcoma SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extraskeletal osteosarcoma; neoplasm; child AB Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a rare malignant tumor composed of mesenchymal cells comprising approximately 1% of soft-tissue sarcomas and 4% of all osteosarcomas. Primary osseous osteosarcomas more commonly develop in children and adolescents, but there are very few reports of ESOS occurring in those younger than 40 years. These variants of high-grade osteosarcoma are often characterized histopathologically by the production of an osteoid matrix and bone from malignant osteoblasts that by definition are present in the soft tissue outside the normal skeletal anatomy. We present a 13-year-old girl with a gradually enlarging, painless left thigh mass. C1 [Ly, Justin] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Bell, Jayson P.; Babb, Julie C.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Parker, Ellen E.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [John, Christopher M.] Midwestern Univ, Coll Med, Oak Brook Terrace, IL USA. [Beall, Douglas P.; Stapp, Annette M.] Clin Radiol Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73083 USA. RP Stapp, AM (reprint author), Clin Radiol Oklahoma, POB 2814, Edmond, OK 73083 USA. EM annettes@okss.com NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1007/s00247-007-0739-z PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 285BH UT WOS:000254751800014 PM 18214458 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM Morton, SA McDaniel, DR AF Cummings, Russell M. Morton, Scott A. McDaniel, David R. TI Experiences in accurately predicting time-dependent flows SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION AB As computational fluid dynamics matures, researchers attempt to perform numerical simulations on increasingly complex aerodynamic flows. One type of flow that has become feasible to simulate is massively separated flow fields, which exhibit high levels of flow unsteadiness. While traditional computational fluid dynamic approaches may be able to simulate these flows, it is not obvious what restrictions should be followed in order to insure that the numerical simulations are accurate and trustworthy. Our research group has considerable experience in computing massively separated flow fields about various aircraft configurations, which has led us to examine the factors necessary for making high-quality time-dependent flow computations. The factors we have identified include: grid density and local refinement, the numerical approach, performing a time-step study, the use of sub-iterations for temporal accuracy, the appropriate use of temporal damping, and the use of appropriate turbulence models. We have a variety of cases from which to draw results, including delta wings and the F-18C, F-16C, and F-16XL aircraft. Results show that while it is possible to obtain accurate unsteady aerodynamic computations, there is a high computational cost associated with performing the calculations. Rules of thumb and possible shortcuts for accurate prediction of massively separated flows are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cummings, Russell M.; McDaniel, David R.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Morton, Scott A.] AF Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM russ.cummings@usafa.edu; scott.morton@eglin.af.mil; david.mcdaniel.ctr@usafa.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 241 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2008.01.001 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 320GR UT WOS:000257222200002 ER PT J AU Kuyk, T Liu, L Elliott, JL Grubbs, HE Owsley, C McGwin, G Griffin, RL Fuhr, PS AF Kuyk, Thomas Liu, Lei Elliott, Jeffry L. Grubbs, Hartley E. Owsley, Cynthia McGwin, Gerald, Jr. Griffin, Russell L. Fuhr, Patti S. TI Health-related quality of life following blind rehabilitation SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blind rehabilitation; health-related quality of life; Hope Scale; NEI-VFQ; profound low vision; SF-12; United States veterans; vision rehabilitation ID VISUAL FUNCTION QUESTIONNAIRE; LOW-VISION SERVICES; OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; CATARACT-SURGERY; ELDERLY PATIENTS; IMPAIRMENT; PEOPLE; ADULTS; PROGRAM AB Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of residential blind rehabilitation on patients' vision-targeted health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and general physical and mental function. Method The National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ) plus appendix questions, the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Hope Scale and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory were administered to 206 legally blind veterans prior to their entering a residential (in-patient) blind rehabilitation program and again to 185 and 176 of the original cohort at 2 and 6 months after completion of the rehabilitation program, respectively. Data on visual acuity, visual field extent, contrast sensitivity and scanning ability were also collected. The duration of the in-patient rehabilitation programs ranged from 11 to 109 days. Questionnaire scores were compared pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation. Results Following rehabilitation there was a significant improvement in nine of I I NEI VFQ subscales and in a composite score at both the 2- and 6-month post-rehabilitation intervals. Mental health (SF-12) and self esteem also improved significantly although physical health ratings declined over the course of the study (approximately 10 months). Conclusions Residential blind rehabilitation appears to improve patients' self-reported vision-targeted HRQOL, self-esteem and mental health aspects of generic HRQOL. C1 [Kuyk, Thomas] Northrop Grumman, AFRL HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Kuyk, Thomas; Elliott, Jeffry L.; Grubbs, Hartley E.; Fuhr, Patti S.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Liu, Lei] Univ Alabama, Sch Optometry, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Owsley, Cynthia; McGwin, Gerald, Jr.] Univ Alabama, Dept Ophthalmol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [McGwin, Gerald, Jr.; Griffin, Russell L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Kuyk, T (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, AFRL HEDO, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Thomas.kuyk.ctr@us.af.mil RI Owsley, Cynthia/B-7986-2014 FU NEI NIH HHS [R21 EY014071, R21 EY014071-05, R21-EY14071] NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s11136-008-9336-3 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303EZ UT WOS:000256025100001 PM 18392688 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Zabinski, JS Phillips, DM Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Zabinski, Jeffrey S., Jr. Phillips, David M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Colorimetric response of peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles to metal ions SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE aggregation; colorimetry; gold nanoparticles; peptides; sensors ID GLYCONANOPARTICLES; PROBES; BIOSENSOR C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Zabinski, Jeffrey S., Jr.; Phillips, David M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAY PY 2008 VL 4 IS 5 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1002/smll.200700920 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 308CO UT WOS:000256366100004 PM 18383577 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI The significance of N-cadherin expression in breast cancers: An evolving story SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID INVASIVE MICROPAPILLARY CARCINOMA; CELL-CELL ADHESION; P-CADHERIN; DIFFERENTIATION; METASTASIS; MIGRATION; VARIANT; SYSTEM C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Berquist Dr,St 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 459 EP 460 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 297LL UT WOS:000255618100005 PM 18414148 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth TI Effects of conjugation in length and dimension on two-photon properties of fluorene-based chromophores SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Practicing Chemistry with Theoretical Tools CY JAN 15-18, 2007 CL Maui, HI DE two-photon; cross-section; excitation energies; excited-state; diphenylaminofluorene; stilbene ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MULTIBRANCHED STRUCTURES; ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; ONE-PHOTON; MOLECULES; DERIVATIVES; EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCEMENT AB We report calculated two-photon (TPA) absorption spectra based upon results obtained from quadratic response time-dependent density functional theory for fluorene-based donor-pi-acceptor molecules. Coulomb attenuated functionals with a long-range exchange contribution are applied to predict TPA excitation energies and cross-sections. Observed spectra are explained, and the effects of conjugation and multibranching on the TPA spectra are discussed. C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Day, Paul N.] Anteon Corporation, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kiet.Nguyen@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00214-007-0293-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 307HA UT WOS:000256308800014 ER PT J AU Langhoff, PW Hinde, RJ Mills, JD Boatz, JA AF Langhoff, P. W. Hinde, R. J. Mills, J. D. Boatz, J. A. TI Spectral-product methods for electronic structure calculations SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Practicing Chemistry with Theoretical Tools CY JAN 15-18, 2007 CL Maui, HI DE potential energy surfaces; ab initio calculations; electronic states; spectral methods; antisymmetry constraints ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; H-3; MOLECULES; DIATOMICS; SYSTEM; H3 AB Progress is reported in development, implementation, and application of a spectral method for ab initio studies of the electronic structure of matter. In this approach, antisymmetry restrictions are enforced subsequent to construction of the many-electron Hamiltonian matrix in a complete orthonormal spectral-product basis. Transformation to a permutation-symmetry representation obtained from the eigenstates of the aggregate electron antisymmetrizer is seen to enforce the requirements of the Pauli principle ex post facto, and to eliminate the unphysical (non-Pauli) states spanned by the product representation. Results identical with conventional use of prior antisymmetrization of configurational state functions are obtained in applications to many-electron atoms. The development provides certain advantages over conventional methods for polyatomic molecules, and, in particular, facilitates incorporation of fragment information in the form of Hermitian matrix representatives of atomic and diatomic operators which include the non-local effects of overall electron antisymmetry. An exact atomic-pair expression is obtained in this way for polyatomic Hamiltonian matrices which avoids the ambiguities of previously described semi-empirical fragment-based methods for electronic structure calculations. Illustrative applications to the well-known low-lying doublet states of the H-3 molecule in a minimal-basis-set demonstrate that the eigensurfaces of the antisymmetrizer can anticipate the structures of the more familiar energy surfaces, including the seams of intersection common in high-symmetry molecular geometries. The calculated H-3 energy surfaces are found to be in good agreement with corresponding valence-bond results which include all three-center terms, and are in general accord with accurate values obtained employing conventional high-level computational-chemistry procedures. By avoiding the repeated evaluations of the many-centered one- and two-electron integrals required in construction of polyatomic Hamiltonian matrices in the antisymmetric basis states commonly employed in conventional calculations, and by performing the required atomic and atomic-pair calculations once and for all, the spectral-product approach may provide an alternative potentially efficient ab initio formalism suitable for computational studies of adiabatic potential energy surfaces more generally. C1 [Langhoff, P. W.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hinde, R. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mills, J. D.; Boatz, J. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, 9500 Gilman Dr,MS 0505, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM langhoff@drifter.sdsc.edu OI Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s00214-007-0322-6 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 307HA UT WOS:000256308800018 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Erlacher, A Smith, HE Mitchel, WC Brown, GJ AF Ullrich, B. Erlacher, A. Smith, H. E. Mitchel, W. C. Brown, G. J. TI Electronic properties of p-GaAs deposited on n-Si with pulsed-laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM GAAS; REALIZATION AB By means of nanosecond laser pulses at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, p(Zn)-type GaAs was ablated and deposited on n-type Si. The samples showed rectification and Hall measurements established that the deposited material was p-type, but the active-doping concentration was six orders of magnitude below the target value. Because secondary-ion mass spectroscopy results indicated stoichiometric material transfer, we concluded that most of the Zn atoms do not act as acceptors because of the amorphous film texture. The work further showed indications that pulsed-laser deposition at 355 nm causes enhanced Si diffusion into the deposited film, compared to the ablations done at 532 and 1064 nm. C1 [Ullrich, B.; Erlacher, A.] Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Mat, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Ullrich, B.; Erlacher, A.] Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Smith, H. E.; Mitchel, W. C.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Mat, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17 AR 175217 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/17/175217 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 285OR UT WOS:000254786600019 ER PT J AU DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI Blessington, J AF DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Demidov, V. I. Blessington, J. TI Comparison of helium two-step plasma emission with that predicted from measured cross sections SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-PLASMA; EXCITATION; DIAGNOSTICS; DISCHARGE; AFTERGLOW; ATOMS; HE AB Plasma emission from the afterglow of a low-pressure, 100% modulated, radio frequency (rf) excited discharge can originate from collisions between metastable atoms and fast electrons. The fast electrons are generated by collisions between pairs of metastables ( Penning ionization of one metastable by another) and collisions of metastables with slower electrons (superelastic collisions). Using time-resolved Langmuir probe data, measurements were made of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) containing these fast electrons in a helium afterglow. The EEDF data were used, along with measured optical cross sections out of the 2s(3)S and 2s(1)S metastable levels, to predict intensities of various He emission lines seen in the afterglow. A comparison between the measured and predicted emission is presented. C1 [DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demidov, V. I.; Blessington, J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP DeJoseph, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Charles.DeJoseph@wpafb.af.mil RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 8 AR 085701 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/8/085701 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 285LT UT WOS:000254779000037 ER PT J AU DaneshPanah, M Javidi, B Watson, EA AF DaneshPanah, Mehdi Javidi, Bahram Watson, Edward A. TI Three dimensional imaging with randomly distributed sensors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL PHOTOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM; IMAGES; RESOLUTION; DISPLAY; RECOGNITION; COMPRESSION; DEPTH; 3-D AB As a promising three dimensional passive imaging modality, Integral Imaging (II) has been investigated widely within the research community. In virtually all of such investigations, there is an implicit assumption that the collection of elemental images lie on a simple geometric surface (e. g. flat, concave, etc), also known as pickup surface. In this paper, we present a generalized framework for 3D II with arbitrary pickup surface geometry and randomly distributed sensor configuration. In particular, we will study the case of Synthetic Aperture Integral Imaging (SAII) with random location of cameras in space, while all cameras have parallel optical axes but different distances from the 3D scene. We assume that the sensors are randomly distributed in 3D volume of pick up space. For 3D reconstruction, a finite number of sensors with known coordinates are randomly selected from within this volume. The mathematical framework for 3D scene reconstruction is developed based on an affine transform representation of imaging under geometrical optics regime. We demonstrate the feasibility of the methods proposed here by experimental results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on 3D imaging using randomly distributed sensors. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [DaneshPanah, Mehdi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Watson, Edward A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DaneshPanah, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mehdi@engr.uconn.edu; bahram@engr.uconn.edu NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 6368 EP 6377 DI 10.1364/OE.16.006368 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 298CC UT WOS:000255663000044 PM 18545340 ER PT J AU Soref, R Peale, RE Buchwald, W AF Soref, Richard Peale, Robert E. Buchwald, Walter TI Longwave plasmonics on doped silicon and silicides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB The realization of plasmo-electronic integrated circuits in a silicon chip will be enabled by two new plasmonic materials that are proposed and modeled in this article. The first is ion-implanted Si (n-type or p-type) at the surface of an intrinsic Si chip. The second is a thin-layer silicide such as Pd2Si, NiSi, PtSi2 WSi2 or CoSi2 formed at the Si chip surface. For doping concentrations of 1020 cm(-3) and 1021 cm(-3), our dispersion calculations show that bound surface plasmon polaritons will propagate with low loss on stripe-shaped plasmonic waveguides over the 10 to 55 mu m and 2.8 to 15 mu m wavelength ranges, respectively. For Pd2Si/Si plasmonic waveguides, the wavelength range of 0.5 to 7.5 mu m is useful and here the propagation lengths are 1 to 2300 mu m. For both doped and silicided guides, the SPP mode field extends much more into the air above the stripe than it does into the conductive stripe material. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Soref, Richard; Peale, Robert E.; Buchwald, Walter] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Richard.Soref@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 6507 EP 6514 DI 10.1364/OE.16.006507 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 298CC UT WOS:000255663000059 PM 18545354 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Sell, J Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Sell, J. Knize, R. J. TI Multiple laser diode array pumped Cs laser with 48 W output power SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUBIDIUM VAPOR LASER AB A Cs vapour laser that utilises four laser diode arrays for longitudinal pumping of the gain medium is demonstrated. A maximum output power of 48 W was achieved with a total optical to optical efficiency of 49% and a slope efficiency of 52%. This work shows that the diode pumped alkali lasers can be scaled to higher powers. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Sell, J.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 89 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 14 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 BP 582 EP 583 DI 10.1049/e1:20080728 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 298JK UT WOS:000255683800015 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Mixson, TR Stromdahl, EY Yabsley, MJ Garrison, LE Williamson, PC Fitak, RR Fuerst, PA Kelly, DJ Blount, KW AF Loftis, Amanda D. Mixson, Tonya R. Stromdahl, Ellen Y. Yabsley, Michael J. Garrison, Laurel E. Williamson, Phillip C. Fitak, Robert R. Fuerst, Paul A. Kelly, Daryl J. Blount, Keith W. TI Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the Ehrlichia sp from Panola Mountain in Amblyomma americanum SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; CENTRAL TEXAS; HEARTWATER; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; TICKS; MAINLAND; SEQUENCE AB Background: A novel Ehrlichia, closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium, was recently discovered from Panola Mountain State Park, GA, USA. We conducted a study to determine if this agent was recently introduced into the United States. Methods: We developed a sensitive PCR assay based on the conserved gltA (citrate synthase) gene and tested DNA samples extracted from 1964 field-collected and 1835 human-biting Amblyomma americanum from 23 eastern states of the USA. Results: The novel agent was detected in 36 ticks collected from 10 states between 1998 and 2006. Infected ticks were collected both from vegetation (n = 14, 0.7%) and from humans (n = 22, 1.2%). Fragments of the conserved gltA gene and the variable map1 gene were sequenced from positive samples. Two distinct clades, with 10.5% nucleic acid divergence over the 730 bp map1 sequence, were identified. Conclusion: These data suggest that the Panola Mountain Ehrlichia was not recently introduced to the United States; this agent has an extensive distribution throughout the range of its tick vector, has been present in some locations for several years, and displays genetic variability. Furthermore, people in several states were exposed to this agent through the bite of infected ticks, underscoring the potential public health risk of this emerging ehrlichiosis. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.; Mixson, Tonya R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stromdahl, Ellen Y.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Garrison, Laurel E.] Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Williamson, Phillip C.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, DNA Ident Lab, Dept Pathol & Human Identificat, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Fitak, Robert R.; Fuerst, Paul A.; Kelly, Daryl J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blount, Keith W.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM adloftis@gmail.com; zdy0@cdc.gov; ellen.stromdahl@us.army.mil; myabsley@vet.uga.edu; legarrison@dhr.state.ga.us; phwilliam@hsc.unt.edu; fitak.2@osu.edu; fuerst.1@osu.edu; kelly.350@osu.edu; keith.blount@brooks.af.mil NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-8-54 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 308DK UT WOS:000256368300002 PM 18433500 ER PT J AU Zeng, Z Phillips, BS Xiao, JC Shreeve, JM AF Zeng, Zhuo Phillips, Benjamin S. Xiao, Ji-Chang Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Polyfluoroalkyl, polyethylene glycol, 1,4-bismethylenebenzene or 1,4-bismethylene-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene bridged functionalized dicationic ionic liquids: Synthesis and properties as high temperature lubricants SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STABILITY; ADDITIVES; SOLVENTS; STEEL; ELECTROLYTES; NANOCRYSTALS; DERIVATIVES; EFFICIENT; CERAMICS AB A new class of geminal dicationic ionic liquids was formed with a bridging moiety, such as a polyalkyl ether, polyfluoroalkyl, 1,4-bismethylenebenzene, or 1,4-bismethylene-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene link, between alkyl-substituted imidazolium rings. Their properties were modified by varying the linker chains and/or alkyl substituents on the imidazolium ring. The polyfluoroalkyl bridged dicationic ionic liquids exhibit the highest densities and viscosities. Although melting points are directly proportional to the length of the alkyl substituent, the densities decrease concomitantly. With 1,4-bismethylene-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene as the linking chain and with longer alkyl substituents on the imidazolium rings, the nonpolar character of the ionic liquid greatly increases, e.g., the solubilities in toluene of dicationic ionic liquids 36 and 37, where the ring substituents are C10H21 and C14H29, increase markedly. Some of the salts exhibit higher conductivities than an equimolar tetrabutylammonium iodide solution in acetonitrile/ toluene. These new ionic liquids (except with PF6- as anion) display outstanding tribological properties in temperature ramp tests by performing very well at 300 degrees C, thus meeting one criterion for high-temperature lubricants. C1 [Zeng, Zhuo; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Phillips, Benjamin S.] USAF, Res Labs, Nonstruct Mat Branch, Nonmetall Mat Div,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xiao, Ji-Chang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Organ Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu NR 51 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2719 EP 2726 DI 10.1021/cm703693r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 288XL UT WOS:000255019300020 ER PT J AU Newell, PT Sotirelis, T Liou, K Rich, FJ AF Newell, P. T. Sotirelis, T. Liou, K. Rich, F. J. TI Pairs of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling functions: Combining a merging term with a viscous term works best SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CURRENT SHEET; PRECIPITATION; IONOSPHERE AB We investigated the behavior of 10 different characterizations of the magnetosphere, including traditional geomagnetic indices such as Kp and AE. We also used satellite based data such as global auroral power from Polar UVI, cusp latitude from DMSP, and magnetotail stretching from GOES. Multiyear data (typically a solar cycle) was studied at relatively high cadence (usually 1 h) to provide better statistical consistency. Simple two parameters best fits to a wide variety of candidate solar wind coupling functions were considered, with no hidden variables or adjustable parameters. Previously we showed that the best performing solar wind coupling functions all proved to be various estimators of the global merging rate, with the best results from d Phi(MP)/dt = nu(4/3) B(T)(2/3) sin(8/3)(theta(c)/2). Here we investigate the best performing viscous candidates, and the best performing pairs of solar wind coupling functions, in predicting these same 10 characterizations of the magnetosphere. The top viscous functions all are closely related to the solar wind pressure, but n(1/2)nu(2) performs best, accounting for 22.3% of the variance, versus 14.7% for v and 12.5% for p. Altogether we considered 32 different candidate solar wind magnetosphere coupling functions, and all 496 unique pairs of functions. Because of the large number of function pairs, some statistical fluctuations are expected, and indeed observed, in predicting individual indices. Nonetheless, certain patterns emerged. The best performing overall pair (predicting 61.0% of variance across all indices) was d Phi(MP)/dt coupled with n(1/2)nu(2), i.e., the best individual merging and best viscous terms make the best combination. All the top pairs consisted of one merging and one viscous term. Combining two distinct estimators of the merging rate always has less predictive power than combining a viscous and merging term. However, any merging term, such as Bs, vBs, or E(KL), when coupled with almost any viscous term, such as v, p, n(1/3)nu(2), p(1/2), etc, performs reasonably well, with the merging term invariably accounting for much the greater fraction of variance. C1 [Newell, P. T.; Sotirelis, T.; Liou, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Rich, F. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AF Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM patrick.newell@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 27 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A4 AR A04218 DI 10.1029/2007JA012825 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295FY UT WOS:000255461600002 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Pepper, M AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Pepper, M. TI Effects of inelastic capture, tunneling escape, and quantum confinement on surface acoustic wave-dragged photocurrents in quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL AB We developed a dual-charged-fluid model for studying the steady-state transport of surface acoustic wave (SAW)-dragged photocurrents of one-dimensional (1D) confined-state carriers. This model includes the effects of quantum confinement and the escape via tunneling of SAW-dragged 1D carriers, as well as the effects of the inelastic capture of two-dimensional continuous-state carriers and the self-consistent space-charge field. Our numerical results revealed a high photocurrent gain due to the suppressed recombination of 1D carriers in a crossover region of the sample between an absorption strip and a surface gate. Based on this model, responsivities for the SAW-dragged photocurrents in a quantum well are calculated as functions of the gate voltage, photon flux, SAW power and frequency, and temperature, respectively. A responsivity as high as 10(3) A/W was found for high gate voltages and SAW powers, as well as for low photon fluxes and SAW frequencies. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Pepper, M.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 8 AR 083714 DI 10.1063/1.2890403 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295DW UT WOS:000255456200099 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, RA Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Vaia, R. A. Farmer, B. L. TI Relation between packing density and thermal transitions of alkyl chains on layered silicate and metal surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; INTERLAYER STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ALKYLAMMONIUM IONS; MICA; MONTMORILLONITE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Self-assembled layers of alkyl chains grafted onto the surfaces of layered silicates, metal, and oxidic nanoparticles are utilized to control interactions with external media by tuning the packing density of the chains on the surface, head group functionality, and chain length. Characterization through experiment and simulation shows that the orientation of the alkyl layers and reversible phase transitions on heating are a function of the cross-sectional area of the alkyl chains in relation to the available surface area per alkyl chain. On even surfaces, a packing density less than 0.2 leads to nearly parallel orientation of the alkyl chains on the surface, a high degree of conformational disorder, and no reversible melting transitions. A packing density between 0.2 and 0.75 leads to intermediate inclination angles, semicrystalline order, and reversible melting transitions on heating. A packing density above 0.75 results in nearly vertical alignment of the surfactants on the surface, a high degree of crystalline character, and absence of reversible melting transitions. Curved surfaces can be understood by the same principle, taking into account a local radius of curvature and a distance-dependent packing density on the Surface. In good approximation, this simple model is independent from the length of the alkyl chains (a minimum length of C-10 is required to form sufficiently distinctive patterns), the chemical nature of the surface, and of the surfactant head group. These structural details primarily determine the functionality of alkyl modified surfaces and the temperature of thermal transitions. C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Vaia, R. A.; Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 44 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 3727 EP 3733 DI 10.1021/la703019e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 283PB UT WOS:000254647400007 PM 18335964 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Ganguly, BN Tachibana, K AF Sands, Brian L. Ganguly, Biswa N. Tachibana, Kunihide TI A streamer-like atmospheric pressure plasma jet SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR AB The properties of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) are examined in a single-cell dielectric capillary configuration. In contrast to some other flow-driven APPJs, this stable, cold plasma jet is electrically driven, composed of rapidly propagating ionization fronts with speeds of the order of 10(7) cm/s. Using spatially and temporally resolved optical diagnostics, it is demonstrated that the plasma jet is initiated independent of the dielectric barrier discharge inside the capillary. It is also shown that the properties and dynamics of this APPJ are directly analogous to those of positive corona streamer discharges. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tachibana, Kunihide] Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), UES Inc, 2645 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 142 Z9 160 U1 8 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 15 AR 151503 DI 10.1063/1.2909084 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 290IS UT WOS:000255117100019 ER PT J AU Midey, A Dotan, I Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony Dotan, Itzhak Viggiano, A. A. TI Temperature dependences for the reactions of O- and O-2(-) with O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) from 200 to 700 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DISCHARGE; ASSOCIATIVE-DETACHMENT; 1315-NM TRANSITION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; OXYGEN PLASMA; POSITIVE GAIN; LASER; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB Rate constants and product ion distributions for the O- and O-2(-) reactions with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) were measured as a function of temperature from 200 to 700 K. The measurements were made in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) using a newly calibrated O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) emission detection scheme with a chemical singlet oxygen generator. The rate constant for the O-2(-) reaction is similar to 7 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at all temperatures, approaching the Langevin collision rate constant. Electron detachment was the only product observed with O-2(-). The O- reaction shows a positive temperature dependence in the rate constant from 200 to 700 K. The product branching ratios show that almost all of the products at 200 K are electron detachment, with an increasing contribution from the slightly endothermic charge-transfer channel up to 700 K, accounting for 75% of the products at that temperature. The increase in the overall rate constant can be attributed to this increase in the contribution the endothermic channel. The charge-transfer product channel rate constant follows the Arrhenius form, and the detachment product channel rate constant is essentially independent of temperature with a value of similar to 6.1 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1). C1 [Midey, Anthony; Dotan, Itzhak; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Dotan, Itzhak] Open Univ Israel, IL-43107 Raanana, Israel. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 14 BP 3040 EP 3045 DI 10.1021/jp710539s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 283TP UT WOS:000254659700007 PM 18331008 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Dente, GC Tilton, ML Barresi, R Chavez, JR AF Ongstad, A. P. Kaspi, R. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Barresi, R. Chavez, J. R. TI Wavelength tuning limitations in optically pumped type-II antimonide lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we examine the wavelength tuning limitations of type-II antimonide lasers containing InAs/InGaSb/InAs quantum wells. Wavelength tuning is accomplished by varying the thickness of the InAs electron wells while keeping all else fixed. In principle, these wells can be tuned from lambda approximate to 2.5 mu m out to far IR wavelengths by increasing the thickness of the InAs layers. However, a practical upper limit of lambda approximate to 9.5 mu m is set due to the high waveguide losses a(wg) and the diminishing modal overlap with the gain at longer wavelengths. The waveguide losses grow as a(wg)alpha lambda(3.44) and are attributable to free carrier absorbance. In order for the long-IR laser devices to achieve threshold, they must continually band fill, spectrally tuning to shorter wavelengths, until the laser gain exceeds the losses, which occurs near 9.5 mu m. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ongstad, A. P.; Kaspi, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Dente, G. C.; Tilton, M. L.; Barresi, R.; Chavez, J. R.] Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 14 AR 141106 DI 10.1063/1.2904702 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 287TX UT WOS:000254940500006 ER PT J AU Zhaunerchyk, V Thomas, RD Geppert, WD Hamberg, M Kaminska, M Vigren, E Larsson, M Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA AF Zhaunerchyk, V. Thomas, R. D. Geppert, W. D. Hamberg, M. Kaminska, M. Vigren, E. Larsson, M. Midey, A. J. Viggiano, A. A. TI Dissociative recombination of OPCl(+) and OPCl(2)(+): Pushing the upper mass limit at CRYRING SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; BRANCHING RATIOS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IONS; EXCITATION; POCL3; PHOSPHORUS; CHEMISTRY AB The dissociative recombination of OPCl(+) and OPCl(2)(+) has been studied at the storage ring CRYRING. The rate constants as a function of electron temperature have been derived to be 7.63x10(-7)(T(e)/300)(-0.89) and >1.2x10(-6)(T(e)/300)(-1.22) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. The lower limit quoted for the latter rate constant reflects the experimental inability to detect all of the reaction products. The branching fractions from the reaction have been measured for OPCl(+) at approximate to 0 eV interaction energy and are determined to be N(O+P+Cl)=(16 +/- 7)%, N(O+PCl)=(16 +/- 3)% and N(OP+Cl)=(68 +/- 5)%. These values have been obtained assuming that the rearrangement channel forming P+ClO is negligible, and ab initio calculations using GAUSSIAN03 are presented for the ion structures and energetics to support such an assumption. Finally, the limitations to using heavy ion storage rings such as CRYRING for studies into the dissociative recombination of large singly charged molecular ions are discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zhaunerchyk, V.; Thomas, R. D.; Geppert, W. D.; Hamberg, M.; Kaminska, M.; Vigren, E.; Larsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Midey, A. J.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Zhaunerchyk, V (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM vz@physto.se RI Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 13 AR 134308 DI 10.1063/1.2884924 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 285LR UT WOS:000254778800019 PM 18397065 ER PT J AU Ahn, SN Lee, HJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Ahn, Soo-Na Lee, Hwa-Jeong Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI POLY 506-Epon 828/amine-functionalized short-length vapor grown carbon nanofiber (AF-VGCNF) nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Ahn, Soo-Na; Lee, Hwa-Jeong; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Heungduk 361763, Cheongju, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM snahn@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 506-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800391 ER PT J AU Bauer, W Racicot, R AF Bauer, William Racicot, Robert TI CHED 1183-Iron-based amorphous alloys SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bauer, William; Racicot, Robert] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1183-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102072 ER PT J AU Bergman, KN Gupta, MK Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Bergman, Kathryn N. Gupta, Manneesh K. Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI INOR 350-Zinc oxide growth using selectively binding peptide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gupta, Manneesh K.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM knbergman@gatech.edu; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 350-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106368 ER PT J AU Borchardt, CJ Wilkes, JS Levisky, JA Corley, CA Hutchinson, R Kopacz, DJ AF Borchardt, Clinton J. Wilkes, John S. Levisky, Joseph A. Corley, Cynthia A. Hutchinson, Ralph Kopacz, Dan J. TI CHED 1325-The use of equilibrium dialysis to determine the partition ratios between intravenous lipid suspensions and chemical agents in different environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Borchardt, Clinton J.; Wilkes, John S.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Corley, Cynthia A.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hutchinson, Ralph] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. [Kopacz, Dan J.] Surg Ctr Premier, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. EM C08Clinton.Borchardt@usafa.edu; john.wilkes@usafa.edu; Joseph.Levisky@usafa.af.mil; Cynthia.Corley@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1325-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102137 ER PT J AU Castle, KJ Simione, MW Black, LA Brown, AJ Rink, SM Dodd, JA AF Castle, Karen J. Simione, Michael W. Black, Labe A. Brown, Andrea J. Rink, Stephanie M. Dodd, James A. TI PHYS 627-Laboratory measurements of CO2(nu(2)) + O and O-3(v) + O vibrational energy transfer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Castle, Karen J.; Simione, Michael W.; Black, Labe A.; Brown, Andrea J.; Rink, Stephanie M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Dodd, James A.] USAF, Res Lab, VSBYM, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM kcastle@bucknell.edu; James.Dodd@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 627-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109465 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Gallegos, CJ Vaghjiani, GL AF Chambreau, Steven D. Gallegos, Christopher J. Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. TI PHYS 312-Chemical kinetics studies in the oxidation of hypergolic fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chambreau, Steven D.] USAF, Res Lab RZSP, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM schambreau@yahoo.com; ghanshyam.vaghjiani@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 312-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109698 ER PT J AU Cheng, SZD Jeong, KU Graham, MJ Mansdorf, B Wang, J Harris, FW Bunning, T Vaia, R Farmer, BL AF Cheng, Stephen Z. D. Jeong, Kwang-Un Graham, Matthew J. Mansdorf, Bart Wang, Jing Harris, Frank W. Bunning, Tim Vaia, Richard Farmer, Barry L. TI POLY 360-Polymers for photonic and optical technologies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Harris, Frank W.] Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Jeong, Kwang-Un; Graham, Matthew J.; Mansdorf, Bart; Wang, Jing; Harris, Frank W.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Bunning, Tim] AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vaia, Richard; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM scheng@uakron.edu; grahamm@uakron.edu; jw65@uakron.edu; fharris@uakron.edu; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 360-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800294 ER PT J AU Cote, PJ Bird, DM Wilkes, JS Levisky, JA Hermosillo, A Castle, PJ Hutchinson, R Wamsley, C AF Cote, Paul Joseph Bird, Donald M. Wilkes, John S. Levisky, Joseph A. Hermosillo, Adrian Castle, Patrick J. Hutchinson, Ralph Wamsley, Christina TI CHED 1125-Reaction mechanisms and proof of structure for decontamination of VX, sarin and HD simulants in 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium and Cu(II) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cote, Paul Joseph; Wilkes, John S.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Hermosillo, Adrian; Castle, Patrick J.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bird, Donald M.; Hutchinson, Ralph; Wamsley, Christina] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. EM C08Paul.Cote@usafa.edu; john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil; Joseph.Levisky@usafa.af.mil; Adrian.Hermosillo@usafa.edu; patrick.castle@usafa.af.mil; c10christina.wamsley@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1125-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102061 ER PT J AU Dierdorf, DS Carr, VJ Menchini, CP Sellers, RD AF Dierdorf, Douglas S. Carr, Virgil J. Menchini, Christopher P. Sellers, Ramon D. TI PMSE 157-Design and analysis of alternative high heat flux sources for materials fire testing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dierdorf, Douglas S.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Southwest Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Carr, Virgil J.] USAF, Res Lab, Fire Res Grp, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Menchini, Christopher P.; Sellers, Ramon D.] Appl Res Associates Inc, ESD Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM ddierdorf@ara.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 157-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109095 ER PT J AU Ditson, MF Castle, PJ Wilkes, JS Levisky, JA Bird, DM Hermosillo, A Hutchinson, R Wamsley, C AF Ditson, Matthew F. Castle, Patrick J. Wilkes, John S. Levisky, Joseph A. Bird, Donald M. Hermosillo, Adrian Hutchinson, Ralph Wamsley, Christina TI CHED 247-Decontamination of 2-chloroethylphenyl sulfide, chemical warfare agent simulant, with tetramethylammonium hydroxide in 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl amide (DMPI Tf2N) ionic liquid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ditson, Matthew F.; Bird, Donald M.; Hutchinson, Ralph; Wamsley, Christina] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. [Castle, Patrick J.; Wilkes, John S.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Hermosillo, Adrian] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c08matthew.ditson@usafa.edu; patrick.castle@usafa.af.mil; john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil; Joseph.Levisky@usafa.af.mil; Adrian.Hermosillo@usafa.edu; c10christina.wamsley@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 247-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102060 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL AF Farmer, Barry L. TI POLY 97-Materials research to meet Air Force energy needs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 97-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800805 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Roy, A AF Ganguli, Sabyasachi Roy, Ajit TI PMSE 485-Aligned carbon nanotube to enhance through thickness thermal conductivity in adhesive joints SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Ganguli, Sabyasachi; Roy, Ajit] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM sabyasachi.ganguli@wpafb.af.mil; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 485-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109032 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, R Koerner, H Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Vaia, Richard Koerner, Hilmar Farmer, Barry L. TI COMP 39-Photoisomerization of azobenzene: A quantitative force field-based implementation and simulation of assemblies with layered silicates in comparison with experiment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Vaia, Richard; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; Hilmar.Koerner@wpafb.af.mil; barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 39-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104169 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Drummy, LF Vaia, R Naik, RR Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Drummy, Lawrence F. Vaia, Richard Naik, Rajesh R. Farmer, Barry L. TI Peptide binding to sheet silicate and metal nanoparticles: Insight from atomistic simulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Vaia, Richard; Naik, Rajesh R.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF MLBP, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendnk.heinz@uakron.edu; lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 180-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800002 ER PT J AU Herr, N Klukovich, H Racicot, R AF Herr, Nicholas Klukovich, Hope Racicot, Robert TI CHED 704-Polyhedral oligomeric silesesquioxnaes (POSS): Silicon based monomers and their use in the preparation of hybrid polyurethanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Herr, Nicholas; Klukovich, Hope; Racicot, Robert] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 704-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101574 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Budy, SM Mabry, JM Smith, DW AF Iacono, Scott T. Budy, Stephen M. Mabry, Joseph M. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI POLY 148-Silsesquioxane functionalized perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Budy, Stephen M.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Dept Chem, Hunter Labs, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, RZSM, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM siacono@clemson.edu; sbudy@clemson.edu; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; dwsmith@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 148-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800683 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In-Yup Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI POLY 421-Self-controlled synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone)s from "A2+B3" approach via different solubilities of monomers in the reaction medium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Jeon, In-Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Heungduk 361763, Cheongju, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM inyup@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 421-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800395 ER PT J AU Knoerzer, TA Heimer, N AF Knoerzer, Timm A. Heimer, Norman TI CHED 107-Using advanced spectroscopic techniques to provide a fresh look at the Diels-Alder reaction in undergraduate organic chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Knoerzer, Timm A.] Nazareth Coll, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14618 USA. [Heimer, Norman] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, HQ USAFA DFC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM tknoerz7@naz.edu; norm.heimer@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 107-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102602 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Haddad, TS AF Mabry, Joseph M. Haddad, Timothy S. TI POLY 227-The encapsulation of fluoride ions in polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Edwards Air Force Base, RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 227-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800754 ER PT J AU Marsh, TE Wang, DH Tan, LS Mather, PT AF Marsh, Timothy E. Wang, David H. Tan, Loon Seng Mather, Patrick T. TI POLY 315-Surface segregation and cure acceleration in blends of DGEBA epoxy thermosets with hyperbranched poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Marsh, Timothy E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mather, Patrick T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM Timothy.Marsh@case.edu; david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 315-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800755 ER PT J AU McCutcheon, BA Wilcox, MJ Wilkes, JS AF McCutcheon, Brandon A. Wilcox, Michael J. Wilkes, John S. TI CHED 525-Identification of singlet oxygen as the reactive oxygen intermediate generated by a photoexcited solution of lucifer yellow CH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McCutcheon, Brandon A.; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wilcox, Michael J.] USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c09brandon.mccutcheon@usafa.edu; mike.wilcox@usafa.edu; john.wilkes@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 525-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102149 ER PT J AU Midey, A Dotan, I Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony, Jr. Dotan, Itzhak Viggiano, Albert A. TI PHYS 64-Kinetics of ion-molecule reactions with O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Midey, Anthony, Jr.; Dotan, Itzhak; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Anthony.Midey@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 64-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108696 ER PT J AU Mirau, PA Lyons, M Powers, DS Koerner, H Vaia, RA AF Mirau, Peter A. Lyons, Marjan Powers, Daniel S. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. TI POLY 337-NMR studies of interfacial polymers in carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lyons, Marjan] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil; lyons.41@wright.edu; Daniel.Powers@wpafb.af.mil; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 337-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800335 ER PT J AU Ner, Y Grote, JG Stuart, JA Sotzing, GA AF Ner, Yogesh Grote, James G. Stuart, Jeffrey A. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI POLY 93-Optical enhancements in electrospun DNA nanofibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Ner, Yogesh] Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stuart, Jeffrey A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Ctr Nanobioelect, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Polymer Sci Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM yogesh.ner@uconn.edu; james.grote@wpafb.af.mil; jeffrey.stuart@uconn.edu; sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 93-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800718 ER PT J AU Page, EC Reichert, WM Henderson, WA Hanley, MG De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Page, Eric C. Reichert, W. Matthew Henderson, Wesley A. Hanley, Matthew G. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI CHED 724-Dissolution and reconstitution of silk to form multifunctional silk membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Page, Eric C.; Reichert, W. Matthew; Hanley, Matthew G.; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM m085082@usna.edu; reichert@usna.edu; whender@ncsu.edu; trulove@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 724-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101827 ER PT J AU Qasba, O Wilkes, JS Levisky, JA Jenkins, W AF Qasba, Omesh Wilkes, John S. Levisky, Joseph A. Jenkins, Werner TI CHED 221-Use of double isotopic dilution in the analysis of drugs in postmortem tissues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Qasba, Omesh; Wilkes, John S.; Levisky, Joseph A.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jenkins, Werner] El Paso Country Coroners Off, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM c08omesh.qasba@usafa.edu; john.wilkes@usafa.edu; Joseph.Levisky@usafa.af.mil; wjnjenkins@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 221-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102110 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, D Mirro, T Racicot, R AF Rodriguez, David Mirro, Thomas Racicot, Robert TI CHED 703-Polyhedral oligomeric silesesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticle additives to polyurethane coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rodriguez, David; Mirro, Thomas; Racicot, Robert] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Usafa, CO 80908 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 703-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101569 ER PT J AU Schaf, BC Hicks, B AF Schaf, Brian Christopher Hicks, Barry TI CHED 873-In vitro oxidation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schaf, Brian Christopher; Hicks, Barry] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 873-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102455 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S. Pachter, Ruth TI COMP 175-Mechanism of hydrogen production by [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase in DdH and CpI: A QM/MM study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Trohalaki, S.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Steven.Trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 175-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104093 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET AF Urbansky, Edward Todd TI CHAL 34-Not so inert ingredients: Hiding risks behind trade secrets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Urbansky, Edward Todd] USAF, Joint Oil Anal Program, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM eurbansky@joaptsc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 34-CHAL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101471 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Koerner, H Manias, E Polizos, G Lu, W AF Vaia, Richard A. Koerner, Hilmar Manias, Evangelos Polizos, George Lu, Wei TI PMSE 385-Limitations and opportunities for electric field assisted patterning of polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Manias, Evangelos; Polizos, George] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Lu, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; Hilmar.Koerner@wpafb.af.mil; manias@psu.edu; weilu@umich.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 385-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109254 ER PT J AU Wander, J Heimbuch, B Wu, CY AF Wander, Joe Heimbuch, Brian Wu, Chang-Yu TI CARB 49-Experimental indication of a role for antimicrobials in individual respiratory protection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wander, Joe; Heimbuch, Brian] USAF, AFRL MLQL, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Wu, Chang-Yu] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM joe.wander@tyndall.afmil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 49-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101126 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Koerner, H Drummy, LF Price, GE Yu, ZN Fossum, EA Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Koerner, Hilmar Drummy, Lawrence F. Price, Gary E. Yu, Zhenning Fossum, Eric A. Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng TI POLY 411-Exfoliating nanoclays with hyperbranched poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide)s SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Wang, David H.; Price, Gary E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Yu, Zhenning; Fossum, Eric A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Hilmar.Koerner@wpafb.af.mil; lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil; yuzn99@yahoo.com; eric.fossum@wright.edu; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 411-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800481 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Justice, RS Schaefer, DW Dalton, MJ Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Justice, Ryan S. Schaefer, Dale W. Dalton, Matthew J. Tan, Loon-Seng TI POLY 200-Modification of carbon nanotubes with a model compound via Friedel-Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Wang, David H.; Dalton, Matthew J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Justice, Ryan S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schaefer, Dale W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; ryan.justice@wpafb.af.mil; dale.schaefer@uc.edu; matthew.dalton@wpafb.af.mil; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 200-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800234 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Brown, JM Justice, RS Back, JB Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Brown, Janis M. Justice, Ryan S. Back, Jong Beom Tan, Loon-Seng TI POLY 201-Synthesis and characterization of BMI-based nanocomposites containing allyl-functionalized vapor-grown carbon nanofiber SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, Janis M.; Justice, Ryan S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Back, Jong Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, CA, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; janis.brown@wpafb.af.mil; ryan.justice@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 201-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800230 ER PT J AU Wuellner, JC Rakowsky, MH Hicks, BW Johnson, GR AF Wuellner, John Christopher Rakowsky, Margaret H. Hicks, Barry W. Johnson, Glenn R. TI CHED 323-Loading and release characteristics of halloysite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wuellner, John Christopher; Rakowsky, Margaret H.; Hicks, Barry W.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM C08John.Wuellner@usafa.edu; margaret.rakowsky@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 323-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102106 ER PT J AU Kuchar, TA Buffington, A Arge, CN Hick, PP Howard, TA Jackson, BV Johnston, JC Mizuno, DR Tappin, SJ Webb, DF AF Kuchar, T. A. Buffington, A. Arge, C. N. Hick, P. P. Howard, T. A. Jackson, B. V. Johnston, J. C. Mizuno, D. R. Tappin, S. J. Webb, D. F. TI Observations of a comet tail disruption induced by the passage of a CME SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; IMAGER SMEI; INTERPLANETARY; LASCO AB The Solar Mass Ejection Imager observed an extremely faint interplanetary coronal mass ejection ( ICME) as it passed Comet C/ 2001 Q4 ( NEAT) on 5 May 2004, apparently causing a disruption of its plasma tail. This is the first time that an ICME has been directly observed interacting with a comet. SMEI's nearly all- sky coverage and image cadence afforded unprecedented coverage of this rarely observed event. The onset first appeared as a "kink'' moving antisunward that eventually developed knots within the disturbed tail. These knots appeared to be swept up in the solar wind flow. We present the SMEI observations as well as identify a likely SOHO/ LASCO progenitor of the CME. SMEI observed two other comets ( C/ 2002 T7 [ LINEAR] and C/ 2004 F4 [ Bradfield]) and at least five similar events during a 35- d period encompassing this observation. Although these had similar morphologies to the 5 May NEAT event, SMEI did not observe any ICMEs in these cases. Three of these were observed close to the heliospheric current sheet indicating that a magnetic boundary crossing may have contributed to the disruptions. However, there are no discernable causes in the SMEI observations for the remaining two events. C1 [Kuchar, T. A.; Mizuno, D. R.; Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Buffington, A.; Hick, P. P.; Jackson, B. V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Arge, C. N.; Johnston, J. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Howard, T. A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Tappin, S. J.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Kuchar, TA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM kuchar@bc.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A4 AR A04101 DI 10.1029/2007JA012603 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 284PP UT WOS:000254718600002 ER PT J AU Steenburgh, RA Smithtro, CG Groves, KM AF Steenburgh, R. A. Smithtro, C. G. Groves, K. M. TI Ionospheric scintillation effects on single frequency GPS SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES; PHASE SCREEN MODEL; SCATTER AB Ionospheric scintillation of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals threatens navigation and military operations by degrading performance or making GPS unavailable. Scintillation is particularly active within, although not limited to, a belt encircling the Earth within 20 degrees of the geomagnetic equator. As GPS applications and users increase, so does the potential for degraded precision and availability from scintillation. We examined amplitude scintillation data spanning 7 years from Ascension Island, U. K.; Ancon, Peru; and Antofagasta, Chile in the Atlantic/American longitudinal sector as well as data from Parepare, Indonesia; Marak Parak, Malaysia; Pontianak, Indonesia; Guam; and Diego Garcia, U. K. in the Pacific longitudinal sector. From these data, we calculate percent probability of occurrence of scintillation at various intensities described by the S-4 index. Additionally, we determine Dilution of Precision at 1 min resolution. We examine diurnal, seasonal, and solar cycle characteristics and make spatial comparisons. In general, activity was greatest during the equinoxes and solar maximum, although scintillation at Antofagasta, Chile was higher during 1998 rather than at solar maximum. C1 [Steenburgh, R. A.] Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smithtro, C. G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Groves, K. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Steenburgh, RA (reprint author), Space Weather Predict Ctr, W NP9 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.steenburgh@noaa.gov; christopher.smithtro@afit.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD APR 3 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 AR S04D02 DI 10.1029/2007SW000340 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 284PT UT WOS:000254719000001 ER PT J AU Groeber, M Ghosh, S Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM AF Groeber, Michael Ghosh, Somnath Uchic, Michael D. Dimiduk, Dennis M. TI A framework for automated analysis and simulation of 3D polycrystalline micro structures. Part 1: Statistical characterization SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE serial-sectioning; electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD); crystal structure; modeling ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; GRAIN-GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; FIB-SEM; RECONSTRUCTION; DEFORMATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB This is the first of a two-part paper aimed at developing a robust framework for the collection, quantification and simulation of 3D polycrystalline microstructures. Serial-sectioning methods are used to generate data that characterize the microstructural morphology and crystallography of grains. The microstructure simulation model and codes take as input a series of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns from the serial-sectioning experiments. Robust statistical analysis of the grain-level microstructures in 3D is conducted in this part of this paper. This analysis can provide necessary information for modeling and simulation efforts in the form of a highly refined and unbiased description of specific features, such as the distribution of grain size, shape and orientation. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Groeber, Michael; Ghosh, Somnath] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Uchic, Michael D.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Groeber, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM groeber.9@osu.edu; ghosh.5@osu.edu; Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil; Dennis.Dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI Ghosh, Somnath/A-2867-2012 NR 46 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1273 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.11.041 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 283YM UT WOS:000254672400008 ER PT J AU Groeber, M Ghosh, S Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM AF Groeber, Michael Ghosh, Somnath Uchic, Michael D. Dimiduk, Dennis M. TI A framework for automated analysis and simulation of 3D polycrystalline micro structures. Part 2: Synthetic structure generation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE serial-sectioning; electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD); crystal structure; modeling ID CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; GRAIN-GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; SECTIONS AB This is the second of a two-part paper intended to develop a framework for collecting data, quantifying characteristics and subsequently representing microstructural information from polycrystalline materials. The framework is motivated by the need for incorporating accurate three-dimensional grain-level morphology and crystallography in computational analysis models that are currently gaining momentum. Following the quantification of microstructural features in the first part, this paper focuses on the development of models and codes for generating statistically equivalent synthetic micro structures. With input in the form of statistical characterization data obtained from serial-sectioning of the micro structures, this module is intended to provide computational modeling efforts with a microstructure representation that is statistically similar to the actual polycrystalline material. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Groeber, Michael; Ghosh, Somnath] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Uchic, Michael D.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Groeber, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM groeber.9@osu.edu; ghosh.5@osu.edu; Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil; Dennis.Dimiduk@wpafb.af.ntil RI Ghosh, Somnath/A-2867-2012 NR 16 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1274 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.11.040 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 283YM UT WOS:000254672400009 ER PT J AU Lloyd, B O'Connell, RJ Michael, NL Aviles, R Palou, E Hernandez, R Cooley, J Jagodzinski, LL AF Lloyd, Bradley O'Connell, Robert J. Michael, Nelson L. Aviles, Ricardo Palou, Elsa Hernandez, Rosalinda Cooley, John Jagodzinski, Linda L. TI Prevalence of resistance mutations in HIV-1-Infected Hondurans at the beginning of the national Antiretroviral therapy program SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID NEWLY INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; HIV-1 DRUG-RESISTANCE; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; NAIVE PATIENTS; GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; BLOOD-DONORS; SURVEILLANCE; PERSISTENCE; SUBTYPES; STRAINS AB The Honduran Ministry of Health ( MOH) HIV antiretroviral treatment program began widespread treatment in 2003. We investigated the prevalence of antiretroviral genotypic resistance in specimens collected and archived from HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-naive patients presenting to initiate treatment between 1 July, 2002 and 30 June, 2003 in San Pedro Sula and Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Of 416 specimens collected, 336 ( 80.8%) were successfully genotyped. All genotypes were HIV-1, group M and 99.1% were subtype B. The prevalence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations was 7.7% with M184V and T215F/ Y present in 6.0% and 3.0%, respectively. The prevalence of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations was 7.1%. K103N mutations were present in 3.0% of study specimens. The prevalence of major protease inhibitor mutations was 2.7%. Overall, 9.2% of the specimens harbored clinically significant mutations that predict at least intermediate resistance to the Honduran first-line antiretroviral medications. These mutations were more common in San Pedro Sula (14.0%) than in Tegucigalpa ( 6.5%, p = 0.02). A significant number of patients presenting to initiate antiretroviral therapy in Honduran MOH clinics harbored HIV-1 isolates resistant to the MOH's first- line regimen and resistance varied by region. Further studies to assess the impact of the Honduran antiretroviral program on genotypic resistance are warranted. C1 [Lloyd, Bradley] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [O'Connell, Robert J.; Michael, Nelson L.; Jagodzinski, Linda L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Palou, Elsa] Inst Nacl Torax, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Cooley, John] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lloyd, B (reprint author), Gastroenterol & Infect Dis Dept, 88th MDOS-SGOMB,4881 Sugar Maple Dr,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bradley.lloyd@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1089/aid.2007.0172 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 294GV UT WOS:000255394900001 PM 18366313 ER PT J AU Lattin, GE O'Brien, WT Jesinger, RA AF Lattin, Grant E., Jr. O'Brien, William T., Sr. Jesinger, Robert A. TI Fatty replaced pectoralis on mammography: One of the many faces of muscular dystrophy uncommonly seen by the general radiologist SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Lattin, Grant E., Jr.; O'Brien, William T., Sr.; Jesinger, Robert A.] David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Travis Air Force Base, CA 94535 USA. RP Lattin, GE (reprint author), David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Travis Air Force Base, CA 94535 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 190 IS 4 BP W275 EP W276 DI 10.2214/AJR.07.3355 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 278FU UT WOS:000254271100055 PM 18356424 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, L Fadare, O Xiao, ZF Dresser, K Wang, SA AF Desrosiers, Laurephile Fadare, Oluwole Xiao, Zhefu F. Dresser, Karen Wang, Sa A. TI Lymphovascular space invasion does not predict vaginal relapses in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium SO ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lymphovascular space invasion; capillary space invasion; endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma; uterus; vaginal recurrence; relapse ID GYNECOLOGIC-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; PATHOLOGICAL RISK-FACTORS; DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; RADIATION-THERAPY; CLINICAL STAGE; POSTOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY; MYOMETRIAL INVASION; VASCULAR INVASION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL AB This study was conducted to determine whether, in a pure population of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I endometrioid endometrial (SIEE) carcinoma that is confined to the uterus and without lymph node metastases, the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is positively associated with vaginal relapses. Pathologic reports for all SIEE diagnosed in a hysterectomy specimen during a 9-year period (1997-2005) were reviewed. Cases with LVSI were selected and immunohistochemical staining for CD34, factor VIII-related antigen and pancytokeratin were performed on the relevant slides for confirmation. Various established prognostic/predictive clinicopathologic parameters were documented for the whole cohort and were correlated with the presence or absence of LVSI. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and Fisher exact/chi(2) tests were used in the respective comparisons of continuous and categoric variables among the different groups. A total of 345 patients were diagnosed with SIEE during this period. The mean patient age for the cohort was 61.9 (+/- 12.2) years (range, 28-89 years) and median follow-up was 80 months. Among these 345 patients, LVSI was present in 52 (15%), representing 1 (0.8%) of 121 stage 1A, 23 (14.5%) of 159 stage 113, and 28 (43%) of 65 stage 1C cases (P < .001). Pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed in 216 cases, and none had positive lymph nodes. We noted that LVSI correlated significantly with nuclear grade, with LVSI being present in 48% (10/21), 18% (32/175), and 5% (7/140) of cases with nuclear grades 3, 2, and I cases, respectively (P < .001). It was also more likely to be present in cases with architectural grades 2 and 3 (35/105) than grade 1 (16/234) (P < .01). Vaginal recurrences occurred in 2 (3.8%) of 52 patients with LVSI and 8 (2.7%) of 293 patients without LVSI (P = .65). In addition, on univariate analysis, LVSI did not correlate significantly with patient age, body mass index (using 50-year and 30 body mass index thresholds, respectively), or diabetic status. We conclude that LVSI is seen in approximately 15% of SIEE, and correlates with established prognostic parameters such as the level of myometrial invasion (substage), nuclear grade, and architectural grade. However, LVSI does not denote an increased likelihood of vaginal recurrences in SIEE. The presence of LVSI should not, in of itself. alter clinical staging, or trigger unnecessary therapeutic intervention. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Desrosiers, Laurephile; Xiao, Zhefu F.; Dresser, Karen; Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM otuwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1092-9134 J9 ANN DIAGN PATHOL JI Ann. Diagn. Pathol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2007.05.009 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 276YV UT WOS:000254180500005 PM 18325471 ER PT J AU Owens, JA Mehlenbeck, R Lee, J King, MM AF Owens, Judith A. Mehlenbeck, Robyn Lee, Juhee King, Melissa M. TI Effect of weight, sleep duration, and comorbid sleep disorders on behavioral outcomes in children with sleep-disordered breathing SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA; OBESE CHILDREN; TUCSON CHILDRENS; AGED CHILDREN; APNEA; HYPERACTIVITY; OVERWEIGHT; SYMPTOMS AB Objective: To assess the relative contribution of potential risk factors for adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children referred for evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including weight, mean sleep duration, and comorbid sleep disorders. Design: Medical record review. Setting: Academic pediatric medical center. Participants: Clinical sample of 235 children aged 3 to 18 years undergoing overnight polysomnography for symptoms of SDB. Outcome Measures: History of behavioral, emotional, and academic problems and Child Behavior Check list (CBCL) scores. Results: More than half (56%) of the sample was overweight or at risk for overweight, more than one-third (36%) was classified as being short sleepers, and almost half (49%) had at least 1 additional sleep diagnosis. Forty-seven perent had a history of behavioral problems and 23% had a reported diagnosis of a ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. There were no significant differences in CBCL scores based on any measure of SDB disease severity. Increased weight was associated with increased internalizing, CBCL scores in a dose-dependent fashion (P=.003), while short sleepers were more likely to have elevated externalizing scores (P <.001). Overall, the strongest predictor of adverse behavioral outcomes was the presence of at least 1 additional sleep diagnosis (P <.001). Conclusions: The relationship between SDB and parent-reported behavioral outcomes in children is complex. In addition to SDB-related impairments, clinicians should consider the relative contributions of being overweight, insufficient sleep, and comorbid sleep disorders when assessing behavior in these children. C1 [Owens, Judith A.] Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Mehlenbeck, Robyn] Brown Univ, Bradley Hasbro Childrens Res Ctr, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Psychol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [King, Melissa M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Owens, JA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Pediat, 593 Eddy St,Potter Bldg,Ste 200, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM owensleep@gmail.com NR 51 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 162 IS 4 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1001/archpedi.162.4.313 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 285BL UT WOS:000254752200004 PM 18391139 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI There are several principals - Each one worthy of research SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE civil-military relations; principal-agent model; executive-legislative; balance Iraq crisis ID GENERAL SHINSEKIS TESTIMONY; IRAQ WAR; MILITARY; SERVICE; COURAGE; VIRTUE AB In defense of the argument made in "Courage in the Service of Virtue," in effect that courageous military advice better serves the republic when it accounts for political competition facing civilian principals, the author answers the complaint that his analysis accorded too much deference to the executive and ignored Congress and the people as the real principals of American civil-military relations. The principal-agent model has more than one useful application, and executive authority over the U.S. military is both more fragile and more important for democratic control than the critics imply. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1177/0095327X07308622 PG 6 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 275HN UT WOS:000254062600008 ER PT J AU Burns, JW Kruyer, WB Celio, PV Deering, J Loecker, TH Richardson, LA Fanton, JW Davis, H Dick, EJ AF Burns, John W. Kruyer, William B. Celio, Paul V. Deering, Joseph Loecker, Thomas H. Richardson, Londe A. Fanton, John W. Davis, Harold Dick, Edward J., Jr. TI Cardiac ischemia model for +G(Z) using miniature swine and baboons SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ECG; atherogenic diet; serum lipids; mechanical stenosis; coronary artery disease; histopathology; Cardiolite/Tc-99m SPECT scan; vascular access port; acceleration; inertial force; propranolol ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ACCELERATION STRESS; GZ; ANGIOGRAPHY; TOMOGRAPHY; ACCURACY; KETAMINE; STENOSIS AB Background: Military aircrew with minimal coronary artery disease (MCAD) may be restricted from flying high-performance aircraft due to possible ischemia during high +G(z). An animal model is presented to provide ischemia data for a more informed decision. Methods: There were 18 swine that were placed on a high cholesterol/high fat diet for up to 57 wk. Five control swine were maintained on a standard swine diet. Also, nine male baboons had a constrictor placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two baboons were sham-operated controls. The unanesthetized swine and baboons were infused with Tc-99m at the end of +G(z) exposure and scanned for myocardial perfusion. Results: Five swine died unexpectedly before +Gz exposure with moderate-to-severe CAD. Dysrhythmias during +G(z) were seen equally in both the control and experimental swine and in the baboons before and after stenosis, with or without propranolol. During +G(z), ECG ST-T wave changes suggesting ischemia were observed in the cholesterol swine but not the control swine, and in the baboons before and after stenosis, with or without propranolol. There was a positive relationship between a normal/abnormal ECG and a normal/abnormal myocardial perfusion scan in the swine and a weak relationship in the baboon before stenos I S, but somewhat better after stenosis. Coronary histopathology showed normal vessels from the control swine and stenoses ranging from 0-95% from the cholesterol swine. Baboon stenosis averaged 37.6 +/- 15.0%. Conclusions: In the swine and the baboon extended high levels of +Gz were associated with evidence of myocardial ischemia. C1 [Burns, John W.] USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Kruyer, William B.; Celio, Paul V.; Deering, Joseph; Loecker, Thomas H.; Richardson, Londe A.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Div Clin Sci, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Fanton, John W.; Davis, Harold; Dick, Edward J., Jr.] Vet Sci Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Burns, JW (reprint author), 128 River Bluff Dr, Boerne, TX 78006 USA. EM john.bums@amedd.army.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2102.2008 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 282CP UT WOS:000254545500002 PM 18457294 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Roy, AK Anderson, DP AF Ganguli, Sabyasachi Roy, Ajit K. Anderson, David P. TI Improved thermal conductivity for chemically functionalized exfoliated graphite/epoxy composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID LASER FLASH TECHNIQUE; CARBON NANOTUBES; DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMERS AB Chemically functionalized exfoliated graphite-filled epoxy composites were prepared with load levels from 2% to 20% by weight. The viscosities of the composites having load levels >4% by weight were over the processing window for the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed a rhombohedral carbon structure in the filler. Enhanced interaction between the epoxy and the graphite filler was evidenced by an improvement in the rubber modulus for the chemically functionalized graphite/epoxy composites. The thermal and electrical properties of the nanoparticle-filled epoxy composites were measured. The electrical property of the chemically functionalized graphite/epoxy composite deteriorated. Thermal conductivity of the chemically functionalized graphite/epoxy composite, however, increased by 28-fold over the pure epoxy resin at the 20% by-weight load level, increasing from 0.2 to 5.8 W/m K. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganguli, Sabyasachi; Roy, Ajit K.] AFRL, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, David P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ganguli, S (reprint author), AFRL, 2941 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Sabyasachi.ganguli@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 250 Z9 268 U1 22 U2 170 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 806 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.008 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 300BK UT WOS:000255799100012 ER PT J AU He, GS Tan, LS Zheng, Q Prasad, PN AF He, Guang S. Tan, Loon-Seng Zheng, Qingdong Prasad, Paras N. TI Multiphoton absorbing materials: Molecular designs, characterizations, and applications SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ENHANCED 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; Z-SCAN TECHNIQUE; FIELD FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; HORMONE-RELEASING-HORMONE; POWER-LIMITING PROPERTIES; DOUBLE-PHOTON EXCITATION C1 [He, Guang S.; Zheng, Qingdong; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] AF Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM gshe@acsu.buffalo.edu RI Zheng, Qingdong/G-7492-2011; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Zheng, Qingdong/0000-0002-6324-0648 NR 772 TC 1062 Z9 1073 U1 44 U2 343 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1330 DI 10.1021/cr050054x PG 86 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 286ON UT WOS:000254855300003 PM 18361528 ER PT J AU Garg, S Brod, R Kim, D Lane, RG Maguire, J Fischer, D AF Garg, Sunir Brod, Roy Kim, David Lane, R. Gary Maguire, Joseph Fischer, David TI Retinal pigment epithelial tears after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for exudative age-related macular degeneration SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avastin; bevacizumab; macular degeneration; retinal pigment epithelium; tear ID PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; IRIS NEOVASCULARIZATION; AVASTIN; RANIBIZUMAB; VERTEPORFIN; REGRESSION; DETACHMENT; SECONDARY AB Purpose: To determine the incidence of and the risk factors for the development of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: A retrospective, multicentre, consecutive interventional case series of all patients with subfoveal exudative AMD treated with intravitreal bevacizumab between August 2005 and April 2007. The main outcome measures were pre- and post-RPE tear visual acuity and choroidal neovascular membrane lesion types, incidence of tears and time from first injection until development of the tear. Results: A total of 920 eyes with exudative AMD were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Fifteen eyes from 15 patients developed a RPE tear for an incidence of 1.6%. The average patient age was 79 years. Fourteen of the fifteen eyes (93%) had an occult subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane. Forty-seven per cent (7/15) of the RPE tears occurred within the first 6 weeks of treatment, and all tears occurred within the first 18 weeks of treatment initiation. The mean pre-injection visual acuity was 20/100 with a mean post-tear visual acuity of 20/200. In all 10 eyes in which the tear involved the fovea, the final visual acuity was poor. Six of the 15 eyes continued with bevacizumab/ranibizumab (Lucentis) injections after tear development, and four of these six eyes continued to have visual improvement. Conclusion: RPE tears occur after intravitreal bevacizumab injections for exudative AMD in approximately 1.6% of eyes and can cause severe vision loss. Maintenance of therapy may help preserve vision after RPE tear development. C1 [Garg, Sunir; Maguire, Joseph; Fischer, David] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Retina Serv, Wills Eye Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Brod, Roy] Roy Brod, Lancaster, PA USA. [Kim, David; Lane, R. Gary] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Garg, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Retina Serv, Wills Eye Inst, 840 Walnut St,Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM sunirgarg@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1442-6404 J9 CLIN EXP OPHTHALMOL JI Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01710.x PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 288LY UT WOS:000254989100010 PM 18412594 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, BM Schoeppner, GA Mollenhatter, DH Palazotto, AN AF Fredrickson, B. M. Schoeppner, G. A. Mollenhatter, D. H. Palazotto, A. N. TI Application of three-dimensional spline variational analysis for composite repair SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE bonded joints; three-dimensional analysis; scarf joints; step-lap joints ID BONDED JOINTS; OPEN HOLES AB The purpose of this research was to apply a non-commercialized spline-based (B-spline analysis method or BSAM) computer program to model and predict strain fields in two composite repairs, the scarf joint and the stepped-lap joint, subjected to static tensile loading. Test specimens with scarf and stepped-lap joints were fabricated using quasi-isotropic 16 ply panels made from IM6/3501-6 pregreg with a [+45(2)/0(2)/-45(2)/90(2)](S) lay-up. Moire interferometry, a high-resolution full-field optical technique used to measure displacements on a surface, was used to determine experimental strain data. Full-field strains along the free-edge were predicted and compared to experimental strain data. Line plots are generated from predicted and experimental data extracted at several points across the width of the repair to provide a quantitative comparison. Overall, both the full-field strain images and line plots show good agreement between the BSAM analysis and the experimental data. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fredrickson, B. M.; Palazotto, A. N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schoeppner, G. A.; Mollenhatter, D. H.] Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Anthony.palazotto@afit.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 83 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.04.017 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 264PE UT WOS:000253300000001 ER PT J AU Cleereman, K Cheatham, M Thirunarayan, K AF Cleereman, Kevin Cheatham, Michelle Thirunarayan, Krishnaprasad TI Mechanisms for improved covariant type-checking SO COMPUTER LANGUAGES SYSTEMS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE type checking; covariance; object-oriented programming languages AB Covariant types are a powerful language feature for improving type-safety. However, covariant types complicate type-checking when combined with polymorphism. We propose two new language features that can improve type-checking in a language with polymorphism and covariant typing, and also have the potential to improve efficiency as well. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Collaborat Technol Branch, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Cleereman, K (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Collaborat Technol Branch, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.cleereman@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1477-8424 J9 COMPUT LANG SYST STR JI Comput. Lang. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cl.2006.03.001 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 220NB UT WOS:000250162300001 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, R Holland, E Lane, S Raizman, M Reilly, C AF Lindstrom, Richard Holland, Edward Lane, Stephen Raizman, Michael Reilly, Charles TI Double-masked comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% versus nepafenac sodium 0.1% for postoperative healing rates and pain control in eyes undergoing surface ablation SO CORNEA LA English DT Letter C1 [Lindstrom, Richard] Minnesota Eye Consultants, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Holland, Edward] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Lane, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Raizman, Michael] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Reilly, Charles] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Lindstrom, R (reprint author), Minnesota Eye Consultants, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 385 EP 386 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 285RP UT WOS:000254794200032 PM 18362679 ER PT J AU Derdak, S AF Derdak, Stephen TI Lung-protective higher frequency oscillatory ventilation SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; TIDAL VOLUME; ADULTS; INJURY; DETERMINANTS; MODEL C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Derdak, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1358 EP 1360 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31816a106c PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284BJ UT WOS:000254679900043 PM 18379266 ER PT J AU Bennett, JW Murray, CK Holmes, RL Patterson, JE Jorgensen, JH AF Bennett, Jason W. Murray, Clinton K. Holmes, Robert L. Patterson, Jan E. Jorgensen, James H. TI Diminished vancomycin and daptomycin susceptibility during prolonged bacteremia with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE vancomycin tolerance; daptomycin resistance; MRSA bacteremia; minimum inhibitory concentration; bactericidal effect ID BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; GLYCOPEPTIDE TOLERANCE; ANTIBIOTIC TOLERANCE; IN-VIVO; STRAINS; ENDOCARDITIS; EFFICACY AB An elderly patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia was treated sequentially with vancomycin plus rifampin then daptomycin plus gentamicin. The MRSA strain developed diminished susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC increase and tolerance), daptomycin, and gentamicin, and resistance to rifampin during therapy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bennett, Jason W.; Murray, Clinton K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Holmes, Robert L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. [Patterson, Jan E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med Infect Dis & Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Patterson, Jan E.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Bennett, JW (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jason.bennett@amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 4 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.11.002 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 282KA UT WOS:000254565300019 PM 18096352 ER PT J AU Fadag, HA Mall, S Jain, VK AF Fadag, H. A. Mall, S. Jain, V. K. TI A finite element analysis of fretting fatigue crack growth behavior in Ti-6Al-4V SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fretting; fatigue; fracture mechanics; crack propagation; titanium alloy ID INITIATION; MECHANICS; PROPAGATION; LIFE AB There is a need for methodology(ies) to analyze the crack growth behavior under fretting fatigue condition since its experimental determination is a challenging task. A finite element sub-modeling method was used to estimate the crack propagation life in titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-1V specimens. Two contact geometries, cylinder-on-flat and flat-on-flat, were analyzed. The computed crack propagation lives were combined with the results of an experimental study where total fatigue lives were measured. The combined numerical-experimental approach provided the crack initiation lives. The crack propagation life increased with increasing applied cyclic bulk stress in similar manner for both contact geometries. Almost 90% of the fretting fatigue life was spent during the crack nucleation and initiation phases in the high cycle fatigue regime. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effects of contact load, coefficient of friction and tangential force on the crack growth behavior. The crack propagation life decreased with increase of these three parameters. This decrease was similar for the contact load and the tangential force in both contact geometries, however, the decrease in the case of coefficient of friction was relatively more in the cylindrical pad than in the flat pad. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jain, V. K.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fadag, H. A.; Jain, V. K.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 24 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD APR PY 2008 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1399 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.07.003 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 270WW UT WOS:000253751900008 ER PT J AU Yang, B Mall, S AF Yang, B. Mall, S. TI Mechanics of two-stage crack growth in fretting fatigue SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary element method; contact mechanics; crack initiation; crack kinking; dovetail joints; fracture mechanics; friction; fretting fatigue ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; INITIATION; STRESS; PROPAGATION; MODEL; ZONE AB Motivated by experimental observations, we carry out a numerical analysis of the two-stage crack growth under fretting fatigue by using an efficient and accurate boundary element method. To start with, the variation of stress field during a loading cycle is analyzed. Various values of friction coefficient in the contact zone are considered, which is shown to considerably affect the stress field. Then, by assuming crack initiation to occur in the shear mode, a surface-breaking crack is introduced to the specimen at the location of highest shear-stress amplitude. The crack-tip stress intensity factors (SIFs) are calculated for various crack lengths and at various crack angles ranging from 25 to 45 about the contact surface. It is shown that, for a loading ratio of 0.5, the cyclic mode-II SIF amplitude decreases with increasing crack length, whilst its mean value increases. It suggests that the (first-stage) shear crack would sooner or later become dormant, or switch to another mode that can provide continuous support of growth. Then, the first-stage shear crack is manually kinked into a second-stage opening crack, and the follow-on driving force is analyzed. It is shown that the kinking event is only favored after the first-stage crack has grown to a certain length. The present study thus provides insights in the mechanics of two-stage crack growth that has been frequently observed in a typical dovetail joint under fretting fatigue. It also suggests an improved experimental setup to quantitatively investigate the fretting fatigue in dovetail joints. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD APR PY 2008 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1515 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.06.009 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 270WW UT WOS:000253751900015 ER PT J AU Eller, R Hawkshaw, M Sataloff, RT AF Eller, Robert Hawkshaw, Mary Sataloff, Robert T. TI Leukoplakia SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Eller, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hawkshaw, Mary; Sataloff, Robert T.] American Inst Voice & Ear Res, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Hawkshaw, Mary; Sataloff, Robert T.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Eller, R (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 4 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 286ZW UT WOS:000254886800004 PM 18478786 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Williams, AD Zucker, JM Mathews, JL Spinhirne, N AF Ghosh, A. K. Williams, A. D. Zucker, J. M. Mathews, J. L. Spinhirne, N. TI An experimental investigation into the acoustic characteristics of fluid-filled porous structures - A simplified model of the human skull cancellous structure SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE acoustic; fluid-filled; porous; skull; cancellous ID EX-VIVO MODEL; CORTICAL BONE; FLOW; ARCHITECTURE; STRESS AB In nature, shape and structure evolve from the struggle for better performance. Often, biological structures combine multiple beneficial properties, making research into mimicking them very complex. Presented here is a summary of observations from a series of experiments performed on a material that closely resembles the human skull bone's cancellous structure under acoustic loads. Transmission loss through flat and curved open-cell polyurethane foam samples is observed using air and water as the two interstitial fluids. Reduction in strength and stiffness caused by porosity can be recovered partially by filling the interstitial pores with a fluid. The test findings demonstrate the influence of the interstitial fluid on the mechanical characteristics of a porous structure in a quantitative manner. It is also demonstrated that the transmission loss does not depend only on the mass per unit area of the structure as predicted by acoustic mass law. Current tests also demonstrate that the transmission loss is more sensitive to the interstitial fluid than the shape and support conditions of the structures. Test observations thus support the concepts of "moisture-sensitivity of biological design" and the "law of hierarchy in natural design". C1 [Ghosh, A. K.; Mathews, J. L.; Spinhirne, N.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Williams, A. D.] Space Vehicle Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Zucker, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Phys Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM ashok@nmt.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s11340-007-9118-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 277SY UT WOS:000254236200001 ER PT J AU Arthur, DE Gonzalez, JE King, JM AF Arthur, D'Ann E. Gonzalez, Jeannette E. King, Jonathan M. TI Recovery from Oxidative Stress: Effects on the Tight Junction in Epithelial Cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arthur, D'Ann E.; King, Jonathan M.] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gonzalez, Jeannette E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806805 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Fulco, CS Muza, SR Rock, PB Staab, JE Money, A Forte, V Brothers, M Cymerman, A AF Beidleman, Beth A. Fulco, Charles S. Muza, Stephen R. Rock, Paul B. Staab, Janet E. Money, Alison Forte, Vincent Brothers, Michael Cymerman, Allen TI STAGING FOR SIX DAYS AT 2200 M INDUCES PHYSIOLOGIC ADJUSTMENTS THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DECREASING ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS (AMS) AT 4300 M SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beidleman, Beth A.; Fulco, Charles S.; Muza, Stephen R.; Staab, Janet E.; Money, Alison; Forte, Vincent; Cymerman, Allen] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Rock, Paul B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK USA. [Brothers, Michael] USAF Acad, Usafa, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467802308 ER PT J AU Rushing, EJ Liappis, A Smirniotopoulos, JD Smith, AB Henry, JM Nelson, AM AF Rushing, Elisabeth J. Liappis, Angelike Smirniotopoulos, James D. Smith, Alice B. Henry, James M. Nelson, Ann M. TI Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of the brain: clinicopathological study of six cases SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rushing, Elisabeth J.; Smirniotopoulos, James D.; Smith, Alice B.; Nelson, Ann M.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Liappis, Angelike] George Washington Univ, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. [Henry, James M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467803704 ER PT J AU Lyons, KM Moore, NJ McCraw, JL Watson, KA Carter, CD Donbar, JM AF Lyons, K. M. Moore, N. J. McCraw, J. L. Watson, K. A. Carter, C. D. Donbar, J. M. TI On flame-edge propagation SO FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article DE jet flames; combustion; flame propagation; flame stability ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; NONPREMIXED JET; LIFTED FLAMES; STABILIZATION AB Contemporary interest exists for understanding how reaction zones stabilize and counter-propagate against incoming reactants. Images of flame position, morphology and dynamics are presented primarily from CH planar laser-induced fluorescence (CH-PLIF) measurements. Observations of the leading-edge flame behavior with respect to upstream propagation and recession downstream are made with sequential CH-PLIF imaging, and data have been revisited in light of the recent research of McCraw et al. (Flow Turbul Combust 70(1):83-97, 2007). It is found that in cases where a distinct branch of the outer (fuel-lean) edge of the reaction zone is present, the edge of the flame is either witnessed to propagate upstream or locally disappear. In cases where no distinct branch other than the main branch is observed, the flame is witnessed to either remain stationary or drop back downstream. These observations support the notion that structures in the low speed, outer edge of the reaction zone are involved in the upstream phase of the flame propagation. C1 [Lyons, K. M.; Moore, N. J.; McCraw, J. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Watson, K. A.] Univ Pacific, Dept Mech Engn, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Carter, C. D.; Donbar, J. M.] Wright Patterson AFB, AFRL, PRA, Drayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyons, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Lyons@eos.ncsu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6184 J9 FLOW TURBUL COMBUST JI Flow Turbul. Combust. PD APR PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s10494-008-9137-3 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 277XU UT WOS:000254248800007 ER PT J AU Balster, LM Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Edwards, JT Ervin, JS Graham, JL Lee, SY Pal, S Phelps, DK Rudnick, LR Santoro, RJ Schobert, HH Shafer, LM Striebich, RC West, ZJ Wilson, GR Woodward, R Zabarnick, S AF Balster, Lori M. Corporan, Edwin DeWitt, Matthew J. Edwards, J. Timothy Ervin, Jamie S. Graham, John L. Lee, Seong-Young Pal, Sibtosh Phelps, Donald K. Rudnick, Leslie R. Santoro, Robert J. Schobert, Harold H. Shafer, Linda M. Striebich, Richard C. West, Zachary J. Wilson, Geoffrey R. Woodward, Roger Zabarnick, Steven TI Development of an advanced, thermally stable, coal-based jet fuel SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jet fuel; stability; combustion; viscosity ID SIMILAR HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILIZERS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; HYDROGEN DONORS; ADDITIVES; SOOT; LIQUEFACTION; PYROLYSIS; OXIDATION; ENGINE AB A candidate coal-based jet fuel that would serve the dual purpose of providing propulsion energy and excellent heat-sink capabilities was produced at pilot-plant scale by hydrotreating a 1:1 mixture of coal-derived refined chemical oil and petroleum-derived light cycle oil. The fuel was characterized using current specification methods for JP-8 fuel. Oxidative and pyrolytic thermal stability tests were conducted. Combustion tests were performed in a model high-pressure gas turbine combustor and in a T-63 turboshaft engine. Low-temperature viscosity properties and O-ring swelling were also evaluated. The candidate coal-based fuel meets most JP-8 specifications, although a few results were outside the current specification limits. The major hydrocarbon class in the coal-based fuel is cycloalkarres (e.g. decalin and its derivatives), which accounts for this fuel being significantly more dense than JP-8. The higher density could be of importance for volume-limited applications in aircraft and missiles. The candidate coal-based fuel showed excellent thermal stability, better than a JP-8 containing the currently qualified JP-8+100 additive package. In the model combustor, soot formation characteristics were essentially identical to JP-8; in the T-63 engine, the overall emissions produced were only slightly greater than from a typical JP-8. The candidate coal-based fuel appears to remain a single-phase liquid down to -70 degrees C, desirable behavior for long-duration, high-altitude flights. The coal-based fuel has the same swelling characteristics for nitrile O-rings as does JP-8. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rudnick, Leslie R.; Santoro, Robert J.; Schobert, Harold H.] Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilson, Geoffrey R.] PARC Tech Serv, Harmarville, PA 15238 USA. [Balster, Lori M.; DeWitt, Matthew J.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Graham, John L.; Shafer, Linda M.; Striebich, Richard C.; West, Zachary J.; Zabarnick, Steven] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Balster, Lori M.; DeWitt, Matthew J.; Ervin, Jamie S.; Graham, John L.; Shafer, Linda M.; Striebich, Richard C.; West, Zachary J.; Zabarnick, Steven] Penn State Univ, Propuls Engn Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Corporan, Edwin; Edwards, J. Timothy; Phelps, Donald K.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schobert, HH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Schobert@ems.psu.edu NR 48 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 364 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.11.018 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 293IL UT WOS:000255328900006 ER PT J AU Welbourne, TM Ferrante, CJ AF Welbourne, Theresa M. Ferrante, Claudia J. TI To monitor or not to monitor - A study of individual outcomes from monitoring one's peers under gainsharing and merit pay SO GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE peer monitoring; gainsharing; agency theory; group incentives; team compensation; role-based performance ID MORAL HAZARD; SCANLON PLAN; PERFORMANCE; INFORMATION; INCENTIVES; FIRM; PRODUCTIVITY; SATISFACTION; OWNERSHIP; BEHAVIOR AB An untested assumption in the gainsharing and group incentive literatures is that peer monitoring is an activity that employees will engage in, and this behavior will be supported by their managers. This study tests that assumption by examining how managers respond (via performance ratings of workers) to peer monitoring under two different pay conditions-traditional merit pay and merit pay with gainsharing. Data from 203 employees in a custom brokerage and freight-forwarding services firm suggest that observational monitoring (i.e., noticing coworkers' behavior) is positively associated with manager ratings of workers' performance under both pay conditions. However, advisory monitoring (i.e., reacting to coworkers' behavior) is positively related to manager ratings of workers' performance under gainsharing and negatively related to manager ratings of workers' performance under traditional merit pay. Implications of these findings for managers are discussed. C1 [Welbourne, Theresa M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ferrante, Claudia J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Welbourne, TM (reprint author), 905 W Eisenhower Circle,Suite 110, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. EM theresa@eepulse.com NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1059-6011 J9 GROUP ORGAN MANAGE JI Group Organ. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 139 EP 162 DI 10.1177/1059601107313308 PG 24 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 277LI UT WOS:000254213700001 ER PT J AU Jones, SO Eckart, RE Albert, CM Epstein, LM AF Jones, Samuel O. Eckart, Robert E. Albert, Christine M. Epstein, Laurence M. TI Large, single-center, single-operator experience with transvenous lead extraction: Outcomes and changing indications SO HEART RHYTHM LA English DT Article DE lead extraction; pacemaker; implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; infection; laser ID IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; CARDIAC-RESYNCHRONIZATION; PERMANENT PACEMAKER; PULSE GENERATORS; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PATIENT; SYSTEMS AB BACKGROUND Lead extraction is increasingly necessary given the exponential growth in cardiac device implantation. Meanwhile, the tools, indications, and outcomes of this procedure continue to change. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine contemporary indications, outcomes, and complications of transvenous Lead extraction in a large series of patients at a high-volume Lead extraction center. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing lead extraction at a single, high-votume center. Patient and lead characteristics and the indications, outcomes, and need for laser assistance were analyzed. RESULTS From January 2000 to March 2007, a total of 975 chronic endovascular Leads were removed from 498 patients. Median implant duration was 5.7 years (range 0.5-32.7 years). Indications were infection (60.3%), mechanical lead failure (29.3%), and upgrade of device system (8.8%). Over the study period, lead malfunction decreased relative to other indications. Laser assistance for extraction was more likely with Leads implanted Longer than 3.4 years compared to less than 3.4 years (odds ratio 6.15, 95% confidence interval 3.35-11.28) and with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads compared to pacemaker leads (odds ratio 3.44, 95% confidence interval 1.846.43). Overall, 97.5% of the leads were completely removed. Major complications occurred in 2 (0.4%) patients. Only one patient required cardiac surgery. No deaths occurred. CONCLUSION In a high-volume center, lead extraction has a high success rate and low complication rate. Infection was the most common indication overall. Lead failure has decreased in relative proportion. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads and longer Lead implant time are associated with a requirement for Laser Lead extraction. C1 [Jones, Samuel O.; Eckart, Robert E.; Albert, Christine M.; Epstein, Laurence M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Arrhythmia Serv, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jones, Samuel O.; Eckart, Robert E.; Albert, Christine M.; Epstein, Laurence M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Jones, SO (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Dept, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM samueljones@lackland.af.mil NR 34 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1547-5271 J9 HEART RHYTHM JI Heart Rhythm PD APR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 520 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.01.009 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282VZ UT WOS:000254596600004 PM 18325849 ER PT J AU Scott, JJ Gray, R AF Scott, J. J. Gray, Robert TI A comparison of tactile, visual, and auditory warnings for rear-end collision prevention in simulated driving SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID DRIVER TRUST; ATTENTION; PERFORMANCE; DISTRACTION; AVOIDANCE; DISPLAY AB Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of rear-end collision warnings presented in different sensory modalities as a function of warning timing in a driving simulator. Background: The proliferation of in-vehicle information and entertainment systems threatens driver attention and may increase the risk of rear-end collisions. Collision warning systems have been shown to improve inattentive and/or distracted driver response time (RT) in rear-end collision situations. However, most previous rear-end collision warning research has not directly compared auditory, visual, and tactile warnings. Method: Sixteen participants in a fixed-base driving simulator experienced four warning conditions: no warning, visual, auditory, and tactile. The warnings activated when the time-to-collision (TTC) reached a critical threshold of 3.0 or 5.0 s. Driver RT was captured from a warning below critical threshold to brake initiation. Results: Drivers with a tactile warning had the shortest mean RT. Drivers with a tactile warning had significantly shorter RT than drivers without a warning and had a significant advantage over drivers with visual warnings. Conclusion: Tactile warnings show promise as effective rear-end collision warnings. Application: The results of this study can be applied to the future design and evaluation of automotive warnings designed to reduce rear-end collisions. C1 [Scott, J. J.] USAF, Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Flight Test Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gray, Robert] Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Psychol, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Scott, JJ (reprint author), 4400 Stetson Ave, Rosamond, CA 93560 USA. EM jeffrey.scott@edwards.af.mil RI Gray, Rob/A-3951-2010 NR 38 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 31 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1518/00187200SX250674 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 295KC UT WOS:000255472400008 PM 18516837 ER PT J AU Gil, AE Passino, KM Ganapathy, S Sparks, A AF Gil, Alvaro E. Passino, Kevin M. Ganapathy, Sriram Sparks, Andrew TI Cooperative task scheduling for networked uninhabited air vehicles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB In the work presented here, we study a cooperative control problem for a network of uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs) where it is assumed that after deployment a set of tasks is given to a group of UAVs and the UAVs must cooperate to decide which UAV should process each task. The cooperation must occur during real-time operation due to a need to repeatedly process each task, in spite of imperfect communications (e.g., messages with random but bounded delays), and the possibility that tasks "pop-up." We show how to view this as a cooperative scheduling problem, and how to derive bounds on mission-level performance metrics. Simulations are used to compare the approach with a noncooperative strategy and to provide design guidelines for the cooperative scheduler. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gil, AE (reprint author), Xerox Corp, Webster, NY USA. EM k.passino@osu.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 561 EP 581 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4560207 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 331BE UT WOS:000257986900012 ER PT J AU McInroy, JE Robertson, LM Erwin, RS AF McInroy, John E. Robertson, Lawrence M. Erwin, R. Scott TI Autonomous distant visual silhouetting of satellites SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TARGET AB This paper develops a new technique useful for the autonomous distant visual silhouetting of satellites. New statistical straight line snakes (SSLS) prove efficient in finding the silhouette, even in the unilluminated case. The silhouette is composed of straight line segments, which are easy to calculate, fit the straight lines inherent in man-made objects, and lend themselves to further processing (pose estimation, template matching, etc.) Simulations illustrate the technique on images obtained when viewing low Earth orbit satellites from the ground. C1 [McInroy, John E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Robertson, Lawrence M.; Erwin, R. Scott] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP McInroy, JE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcinroy@uwyo.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4560222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 331BE UT WOS:000257986900027 ER PT J AU Mendenhall, MJ Merenyi, E AF Mendenhall, Michael J. Merenyi, Erzsebet TI Relevance-based feature extraction for hyperspectral images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE feature extraction; hyperspectral image compression; joint classification and compression; learning vector quantization (LVQ) ID LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS AB Hyperspectral imagery affords researchers all discriminating details needed for fine delineation of many material classes. This delineation is essential for scientific research ranging from geologic to environmental impact studies. In a data mining scenario, one cannot blindly discard information because it can destroy discovery potential. In a supervised classification scenario, however, the preselection of classes presents one with an opportunity to extract a reduced set of meaningful features without degrading classification performance. Given the complex correlations found in hyperspectral data and the potentially large number of classes, meaningful feature extraction is a difficult task. We turn to the recent neural paradigm of generalized relevance learning vector quantization (GRLVQ) [B. Hammer and T. Villmann, Neural Networks, vol. 15, pp. 1059-1068, 20021, which is based on, and substantially extends, learning vector quantization (LVQ) [T. Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps, Berlin! Germany: Springer-Verlag, 20011 by learning relevant input dimensions while incorporating classification accuracy in the cost function. By addressing deficiencies in GRLVQ, we produce an improved version, GRLVQI, which is an effective analysis tool for high-dimensional data such as remotely sensed hyperspectral data. With an independent classifier, we show that the spectral features deemed relevant by our improved GRLVQI result in a better classification for a predefined set of surface materials than using all available spectral channels. C1 [Merenyi, Erzsebet] Rice Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mendenhall, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.mendenhall@afit.edu; erzsebet@rice.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Applied Information Systems Research Program, NASA, Science Mission Directorate [NNG05GA94G] FX The work of M. J. Mendenhall was supported by the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB. OH. The work of E. Merenyi was supported in part by the Applied Information Systems Research Program, NASA, Science Mission Directorate under Grant NNG05GA94G. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 658 EP 672 DI 10.1109/TNN.2007.914156 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 342EF UT WOS:000258766700009 PM 18390311 ER PT J AU Kirawanich, P Yakura, SJ Islam, NE AF Kirawanich, Phumin Yakura, Susumu J. Islam, Naz E. TI Simulating large electrical systems for wideband pulse interactions using the topological modular junction concept SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science /16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference/34th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE aperture-cable coupling; electromagnetic topology (EMT); wideband pulse interaction AB Experiment and electromagnetic-topology (EMT)-based simulation are performed to study the effects of wideband EM pulses on large electrical systems. The EMT simulation relies on the topological modular junction concept with the simultaneous use of a number of analytical and computational methods, including the transmission-line-matrix compaction method, the finite-difference time-domain method, and the reciprocity theorem, to come up with a final result. The EMT simulation approach that uses the topological modular concept is an effective way to perform tradeoff analysis of different wideband pulse excitations without having to repeat the simulations of the entire system. As part of validating the EMT simulation approach, we performed the experiment to measure the current induced by a wideband EM pulse on a cable behind a slot aperture. The simulated current and the measured current resulted in good agreement with each other, thus demonstrating the validity of the proposed simulation scheme. C1 [Kirawanich, Phumin; Islam, Naz E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Yakura, Susumu J.] USAF, Res Lab, Modeling & Effects Branch, High Power Microwave Div,Directed Energy Director, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM susumu.yakura@kirtland.af.mil; islamn@missouri.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.918767 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 288JE UT WOS:000254981700013 ER PT J AU Chen, P Markow, JS Wicks, MC AF Chen, P. Markow, J. S. Wicks, M. C. TI Likelihood ratio test-based interval estimate of the number of signals present in a measurement SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID LATENT ROOTS; MATRICES AB A multi-step procedure is proposed to construct a confidence interval for the number of signals present and a comparative analysis of our procedure with other existing procedures is conducted. The proposed procedure uses likelihood ratio statistics and its simulated percentiles sequentially to determine the upper and lower limits for the confidence interval. A preference zone in the parameter space of the population eigenvalues is defined and it is used to separate the signals and the noise. The least favourable configuration (LFC) is derived asymptotically under the preference zone. Under the LFC, the procedure parameters necessary to attain the required confidence level are determined. A comparative analysis With other procedures is presented in tables. C1 [Chen, P.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Markow, J. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Royal Signal Proc Branch, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Wicks, M. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM pinchen@syr.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD APR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn:20060050 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292FJ UT WOS:000255251600005 ER PT J AU Silva, F Adams, T Feinstein, J Arroyo, RA AF Silva, Fernando Adams, Thomas Feinstein, Jeffery Arroyo, Ramon A. TI Trochanteric bursitis - Refuting the myth of inflammation SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAIN SYNDROME; TEARS; HIP AB Background and Objectives: Greater trochanteric (GT) bursitis is a common cause of hip pain. Previously, the etiology of the trochanteric pain syndrome was thought to be caused by inflammation of the subgluteus maximus bursa (i.e., bursitis). Recently, MRI and ultrasound studies have brought into serious doubt the idea that bursitis is the etiology for trochanteric pain. To our knowledge, no histologic study of GT bursitis has been reported to date. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the histopathology of patients with and without the clinical syndrome of GT bursitis to assess for the presence of bursal inflammation. Design and Methods: This is a prospective, case-controlled, blinded study of the histopathologic features of controls and patients with GT bursitis. We recruited patients who required total hip arthroplasty (THA) for rheumatoid or osteoarthritis. Inclusion criteria for the study consisted of the following: needing THA as standard of care; THA secondary to OA or RA; age greater than 18; and minimal risk for surgery by the American Heart Association Criteria. We excluded anyone who received a GT bursa injection 9 months before surgery. Eligible participants were then stratified as cases or controls using the 1985 clinical criteria for GT bursitis. The harvesting of the bursa required no modification of the surgical procedure. The specimens were then examined by 2 independent pathologists who were blinded as to the patients' clinical status. Results: Six bursal specimens were evaluated by 2 blinded surgical pathologists revealing primarily fibroadipose tissue with no signs of acute or chronic inflammation. There were 3 bursas in the control group and 2 specimens with clinical GT bursitis. No significant differences were found between the specimens of the 2 groups. Conclusions: The results of this small prospective observational histologic study, along with recent MRI and ultrasound studies on the topic, strongly suggest that there is no etiologic role of bursal inflammation in the trochanteric pain syndrome. C1 [Silva, Fernando; Adams, Thomas; Feinstein, Jeffery; Arroyo, Ramon A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Silva, F (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM femando.silva@lackland.af.mil NR 14 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31816b4471 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 290OK UT WOS:000255131900006 PM 18391676 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL McHarg, MG McLaughlin, TE AF Enloe, C. L. McHarg, M. G. McLaughlin, T. E. TI Time-correlated force production measurements of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma aerodynamic actuator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB An atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, operated as a surface-mode discharge with a single encapsulated electrode and an asymmetric electrode alignment, is known to couple momentum into the surrounding neutral fluid and through this coupling has shown considerable promise as an aerodynamic flow control device. Several different models, often with conflicting explanations, have been offered to explain the process of this momentum coupling. The DBD is known to proceed in two stages during the discharge cycle, one on the positive-going portion of the applied ac high-voltage waveform and the other on the negative-going portion. By using the actuator to drive a second-order mechanical system, we show here that the great majority (97%) of the momentum coupling occurs during the negative-going portion of the discharge cycle and we relate this behavior to dramatic differences in the structure of the discharge revealed with high-speed photography. This information is critical in evaluating descriptions of the momentum-coupling processes in the plasma. C1 [Enloe, C. L.; McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McLaughlin, T. E.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM lon.enloe@usafa.edu NR 61 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 073302 DI 10.1063/1.2896590 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200007 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, DC AF Fang, Z. -Q. Claflin, B. Look, D. C. TI Effects of annealing in N(2) ambient on traps and persistent conduction in hydrothermally grown ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; SURFACE AB Thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy and temperature-dependent dark current (DC) measurements have been applied to study traps and photoinduced persistent surface conduction in two hydrothermally grown bulk ZnO samples, as-grown, and annealed at 600 degrees C in N(2) ambient for 30 min, respectively. The as-grown sample had a room-temperature (RT) resistivity of 1.6x10(3) Omega cm, mobility of 2.1x10(2) cm(2)/V s, and carrier concentration of 1.8x10(13) cm(-3), while the annealed sample was highly resistive, with RT resistivity of 3.6x10(6) Omega cm, mobility of 4.4 cm(2)/V s, and carrier concentration of 3.9x10(11) cm(-3). The as-grown sample showed strong conduction at low temperatures, which has been shown to be due to near-surface carriers in other studies. The annealed sample did not demonstrate this phenomenon. The dominant trap in the as-grown sample had an activation energy of 0.16 eV, was strongest near the surface, and is possibly related to V(Zn). In the annealed sample, however, the dominant trap had an activation energy of 0.22 eV, was of bulk nature, and is tentatively assigned to Li(Zn). After several routine TSC measurements, the DC for the as-grown sample increased by more than one order of magnitude at low temperatures (T < 180 K), while for the annealed sample, the DC increased by a factor of 2 at high temperatures (T>200 K). These effects are generated by the TSC trap-filling illumination and can persist for many days under vacuum. At RT, the DC in the annealed sample returns to its equilibrium state if the sample is vented to air. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 073714 DI 10.1063/1.2903141 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200045 ER PT J AU Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Ma, BM Chen, ZM Lee, D Higgins, A Chen, CH Liu, S Chu, SY Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Huang, M. Q. Turgut, Z. Ma, B. M. Chen, Z. M. Lee, D. Higgins, A. Chen, C. H. Liu, S. Chu, S. Y. Horwath, J. C. Fingers, R. T. TI Effects of Zr, Nb, and Cu substitutions on magnetic properties of melt-spun and hot deformed bulk anisotropic nanocomposite SmCo type magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ALLOYS; FE AB Structure and magnetic properties of both melt-spun and hot deformed bulk Sm-Co type nanocomposite magnets have been investigated with various metal additions, including Zr, Cu, and Nb. The Zr and Nb additions play important roles in constraining grain growth, resulting in an increase of coercivity H(c). The Cu addition significantly improves the squareness of BH loops as well as the energy product (BH)(max). A typical hot deformed bulk anisotropic nanocomposite SmCo type magnet with M(r)(hard)/M(r)(easy)similar to 0.4, H(c)similar to 9 kOe and (BH)(max) of 13.2 MG Oe was obtained. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Huang, M. Q.; Turgut, Z.] UES Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ma, B. M.; Chen, Z. M.] Magnequench Inc, Singapore 117525, Singapore. [Lee, D.; Higgins, A.; Chen, C. H.; Liu, S.] Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chu, S. Y.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Horwath, J. C.; Fingers, R. T.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, MQ (reprint author), UES Inc, Air Force Res Lab, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM meiqing.huang@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E134 DI 10.1063/1.2831334 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200546 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, B Ray, AK Sharma, AK Cook, MJ Chambrier, I AF Mukherjee, Biswanath Ray, Asim K. Sharma, Ashwani K. Cook, Michael J. Chambrier, Isabelle TI A simply constructed lead phthalocyanine memory diode SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; POLYMER AB Random-access memory switches were fabricated by using 70 nm thick spun films of nonperipherally octahexyl substituted lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) molecules sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and vacuum-deposited aluminum (Al) top electrodes. The reproducible hysteresis behavior in terms of high and low conductance states was observed in the current-voltage characteristics recorded for the device at room temperature, and the on/off ratio for this single layered device was estimated to be as large as 10(3). The bistable electrical switching effects were attributed to the existence of the depletion layer at the ITO/PbPc and energetically exponential distribution in energy of traps in nonactive region of PbPc films. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Mukherjee, Biswanath] Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. [Ray, Asim K.] Univ London, Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cook, Michael J.; Chambrier, Isabelle] Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem Sci & Pharm, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Mukherjee, B (reprint author), Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. EM a.k.ray@qmul.ac.uk NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 074507 DI 10.1063/1.2903061 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200100 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Huang, M Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Turgut, Zafer Huang, Meiqing Horwath, John C. Fingers, Richard T. TI High strength bulk Fe-Co alloys produced by powder metallurgy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Fe-Co alloys are extensively used in lamination form, but there are certain power generation applications that require Fe-Co rotors in bulk form. Experiencing only a dc magnetic field, these rotors can be as large as 0.5 m in diameter, depending on the size of the generator. The forging of such large pieces of Fe-Co has proven to be difficult. The present study investigates powder metallurgy processing of a gas atomized FeCoNbV alloy through hot isostatic pressing (HIP) for manufacturing large size rotors with improved mechanical strength. Gas atomized FeCoNbV alloy powders with and without ball milling were hot isostatic pressed at temperatures between 675 and 850 degrees C at a fixed pressure of 193 MPa for up to 6 h. Ball milling prior to HIP improved the yield strength. A further improvement in yield strength and in ductility was obtained after a disordering heat treatment at 730 degrees C followed by a rapid quench to room temperature. The optimum HIP and annealing conditions resulted in samples with yield strengths of 870 MPa. The compacts exhibited average coercivity values of 6.4 Oe and maximum permeability values of 1100. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Turgut, Zafer; Huang, Meiqing] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Turgut, Zafer; Huang, Meiqing; Horwath, John C.; Fingers, Richard T.] USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM zafar.turgut@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E724 DI 10.1063/1.2838466 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200617 ER PT J AU Forester, JP Ong, BA Fallot, A AF Forester, Joseph P. Ong, Bruce A. Fallot, Andre TI Can equal access to care eliminate racial disparities in pediatric asthma outcomes? SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; health care; minority; Military Health System; asthma ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; MEDICATION USE; UNITED-STATES; INNER-CITY; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; HOSPITALIZATION; EMERGENCY; QUALITY AB A survey was given to the parents of 80 children with asthma between the ages of 3 and 18 years at the Pediatric Pulmonology Clinics of three military treatment facilities to evaluate asthma management and outcomes for different racial groups. Results demonstrated that management practices for the three groups were similar and that there were no significant differences in emergency department visits, prescription of oral steroids, or in the number of hospitalizations across the three groups. These findings suggest that equal access to care may allow children of different racial backgrounds to receive similar asthma care and achieve similar outcomes. C1 [Forester, Joseph P.] USAF Acad, Dept Pediat, MEd Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ong, Bruce A.] Hunter Army Airfield, Savannah, GA USA. [Fallot, Andre] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Forester, JP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Pediat, MEd Grp 10, 4102 Pinion Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM joseph.forester@usafa.af.mil NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1080/02770900801890448 PG 4 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 296OI UT WOS:000255555300007 PM 18415828 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Johnson, LG Rudd, MD Joiner, TE AF Bryan, Craig J. Johnson, Leigh G. Rudd, M. David Joiner, Thomas E., Jr. TI Hypomanic symptoms among first-time suicide attempters predict future multiple attempt status SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suicide; multiple attempter; hypomanic symptoms; bipolar disorder ID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA; MIXED STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CRISES VARY; LIFE EVENTS; BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; IDEATION; VALIDITY AB Past conceptual and empirical works have identified unique differences between multiple suicide attempters, single attempters, and zero attempters, but have overlooked two distinct subgroups of single attempters: true single attempters who will not attempt suicide again, and future multiple attempters who will. Consistent with fluid vulnerability theory, the authors hypothesized that subgroups should have differences in personality traits that can predict if a first-time attempter is likely to attempt suicide again. In a sample of 127 military members (81% male, 19% female) participating in a clinical intervention study for suicidal behaviors, hypomanic symptoms-not personality traits-predicted future multiple attempters, and future multiple attempters more frequently met criteria for a bipolar-spectrum disorder. Clinical implications and convergence of findings with fluid vulnerability theory and existing research are discussed. (C) 2008, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.; Johnson, Leigh G.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Rudd, M. David] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Joiner, Thomas E., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Kelly Family Med Clin, BSC, 59 MHS MMCP,204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78241 USA. EM craig.bryan@lackland.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9762 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1002/jclp.20445 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 283KA UT WOS:000254633900011 PM 18324664 ER PT J AU Krishnaswami, K Vangala, SR Dauplaise, HM Allen, LP Dallas, G Bakken, D Bliss, DF Goodhue, WD AF Krishnaswami, Kannan Vangala, Shivashankar R. Dauplaise, Helen M. Allen, Lisa P. Dallas, Gordon Bakken, Daniel Bliss, David F. Goodhue, William D. TI Molecular beam epitaxy on gas cluster ion beam-prepared GaSb substrates: Towards improved surfaces and interfaces SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Crystal Growth CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ACCG DE surface processes; molecular beam epitaxy; gas cluster ion beam; antimonides; surface oxides; GaSb ID GASB(100) SURFACES; SULFIDE TREATMENT; GROWTH AB We report results of a surface modification process for (100) GaSb using a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) technique that removes chemical mechanical polish (CMP)-induced surface damage and replaces the native oxide with an engineered surface oxide, the composition of which depends on the reactive gas employed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of O-2-, CF4/O-2-, and HBr-GCIB surface oxides is presented indicating the presence of mixed Ga- and Sb-oxides, with mostly Ga-oxides at the interface, that desorb at temperatures ranging 530-560 degrees C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of molecular-beam epitaxy grown GaSb/AlGaSb layers showed that the HBr-GCIB surface produced a smooth dislocation-free substrate-to-epitransition with no discernable interface. Topography of epi surfaces, using atomic force microscopy, showed that GCIB surfaces resulted in characteristic step-terrace formations comprising monatomic steps and wide terraces. The HBr-GCIB process can be easily adapted to a large-scale manufacturing process to produce epi-ready GaSb substrates. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krishnaswami, Kannan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vangala, Shivashankar R.; Goodhue, William D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Dauplaise, Helen M.; Bliss, David F.] USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Allen, Lisa P.; Dallas, Gordon; Bakken, Daniel] Galaxy Compound Semicond Inc, Spokane, WA USA. RP Krishnaswami, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kannan.krishnaswami@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2008 VL 310 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 1619 EP 1626 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.11.225 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 300RP UT WOS:000255843200057 ER PT J AU Bhat, R Dutta, PS Guha, S AF Bhat, R. Dutta, P. S. Guha, S. TI Crystal growth and below-bandgap optical absorption studies in InAs for non-linear optic applications SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Crystal Growth CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ACCG DE impurities; growth from melt; Bridgman technique; nonlinear optic materials; semiconducting III-V materials; nonlinear optical ID INDIUM ARSENIDE; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; GERMANIUM; SILICON; ALLOYS AB Indium arsenide (InAs) is a direct bandgap semiconductor (E-g = 0.36eV) and is well suited for non-linear optic (NLO) applications. The NLO applications require high linear optical transmission for below-bandgap energy photons in the material. Due to this stringent criterion, there is a need for understanding the fundamental optical absorption mechanisms in the material as well as correlating them with the presence of native defects and impurities introduced during the crystal growth. In this paper, we will present the experimentally measured and theoretically analyzed infrared absorption in an undoped and Te-doped n-type InAs in the wavelength region of 4-20 mu m for horizontal Bridgman grown crystals. Transmission measurements at 300 K were performed on samples of undoped and Te-doped n-type InAs with carrier concentration in the range of 2.6 x 10(16)-1.7 x 10(17)cm(-3). The dependences of various absorption mechanisms as a function of wavelength have been presented. Free carrier absorption by electrons is found to be the dominant absorption mechanism at longer wavelengths (lambda > 9 mu m) for all the samples. At shorter wavelengths (lambda < 9 mu m), for samples with carrier concentration close to the intrinsic carrier concentration (n(i) = 1 x 10(15)cm(-3)), the inter-valence band transitions by free holes contributes significantly to the total absorption. Unique fitting parameters have been deduced to theoretically explain the infrared absorption mechanism in InAs for the above-mentioned carrier concentration range. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhat, R.; Dutta, P. S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Guha, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhat, R (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM rbhat1@irf.com NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2008 VL 310 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 1910 EP 1916 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.11.191 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 300RP UT WOS:000255843200111 ER PT J AU Croft, M Jisrawi, N Zhong, Z Horvath, K Holtz, RL Shepard, M Lahshmipathy, M Sadananda, K Skaritka, J Shukla, V Sadangi, RK Tsakalakos, T AF Croft, M. Jisrawi, N. Zhong, Z. Horvath, K. Holtz, R. L. Shepard, M. Lahshmipathy, M. Sadananda, K. Skaritka, J. Shukla, V. Sadangi, R. K. Tsakalakos, T. TI Stress gradient induced strain localization in metals: High resolution strain cross sectioning via synchrotron x-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Materials Processing Defects (MDP-5) CY JUL 18-20, 2007 CL Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY HO Cornell Univ DE C. x-ray diffraction; nondestructive evaluation; B. residual stress; metallic materials; plastic collapse ID FULL-PROFILE ANALYSIS; RESIDUAL-STRESS; FATIGUE; BULK; RADIATION; SAMPLE; TENSOR; FIELD; GRAIN AB Strain localization in the presence of a stress gradient is a phenomenon common to many systems described by continuum mechanics. Variations of this complex phenomenon lead to interesting nonlinear effects in materials/engineering science as well as in other fields. Here, the synchrotron based energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) technique is used for high spatial resolution profiling of both compression and tension induced strain localization in important materials/engineering problems. Specifically, compression induced strain localization in shot peened materials and tension induced strain localization in the plastic zones adjoining the faces of a fatigue crack are profiled. The utility of the EDXRD synchrotron technique for nondestructively cross-sectioning strain variations on small length scales (down to 10-20 mu m) is described. While the strain field profiling relies on the shift of the Bragg lines, the data show that plastic deformation regions can also consistently be seen in the broadening of the Bragg peaks through the full width at half maximum parameter Quantitative correlations between the synchrotron based x-ray determined deformations and surface deformations, as measured by optical surface height profiling, are also made. C1 [Croft, M.; Horvath, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Croft, M.; Zhong, Z.; Skaritka, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jisrawi, N.; Shukla, V.; Sadangi, R. K.; Tsakalakos, T.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Jisrawi, N.] Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Holtz, R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shepard, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lahshmipathy, M.] Zygo Corp, Middlefield, CT 06455 USA. [Sadananda, K.] Tech Data Anal Inc, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. RP Croft, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 AR 021005 DI 10.1115/1.2840962 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 295OQ UT WOS:000255484200007 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Nicolaou, PD Thomas, JP Turner, TJ AF Semiatin, S. L. Nicolaou, P. D. Thomas, J. P. Turner, T. J. TI Defect occurrence and modeling for the thermomechanical processing of aerospace alloys SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Materials Processing Defects (MDP-5) CY JUL 18-20, 2007 CL Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY HO Cornell Univ DE defects; spheroidization; coarsening; cavitation; recrystallization ID HOT-WORKING; STATIC GLOBULARIZATION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; CAVITY GROWTH; STRESS STATE; PLASTIC-FLOW; TI-6AL-4V; CAVITATION; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Mechanism-based models for the evolution of defects during the thermomechanical processing of aerospace titanium- and nickel-based alloys are reviewed. These defects include those comprising microstructural/metal-flow irregularities and those that are damage related (i.e., cracks and cavities). The development of undesirable/nonuniform microstructures and cavities during the mill processing of alpha/beta titanium alloys is addressed first. Relatively simple, diffusion-based models of spheroidization and coarsening are applied to quantify the propensity for microstructure nonuniformities. Similarly, first-order micromechanical models have been formulated to estimate the effect of local crystallographic texture on nonuniform flow, the generation of triaxial stresses, and cavity growth/closure in alpha/beta titanium alloys with a colony-alpha microstructure. The occurrence of nonuniform grain structures (and so-called ALA, or "as large as, " grains) in cast, wrought, and powder-metallurgy superalloys is also discussed. A physics-based model to treat the topology of recrystallization and the evolution of ALA grains in such materials is proposed. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.; Turner, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nicolaou, P. D.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Thomas, J. P.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 AR 021001 DI 10.1115/1.2840958 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 295OQ UT WOS:000255484200003 ER PT J AU Gray, R Geri, GA Akhtar, SC Covas, CM AF Gray, R. Geri, G. A. Akhtar, S. C. Covas, C. M. TI The role of visual occlusion in altitude maintenance during simulated flight SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE aviation; perception and action; visual occlusion; simulation ID OPTICAL TEXTURE; PERCEPTION; MOTION; DEPTH; IMAGE; SLANT AB The use of visual occlusion as a cue to altitude maintenance in low-altitude flight (LAF) was investigated. The extent to which the ground surface is occluded by 3-D objects varies with altitude and depends on the height, radius, and density of the objects. Participants attempted to maintain a constant altitude during simulated flight over an undulating terrain with trees of various heights, radii, and densities. As would be predicted if participants used occlusion, root-mean-square error was related to the product of tree height and tree density (Experiment 1) and to the product of tree radius and tree density (Experiment 2). This relationship was also found for simulated terrains with a more realistic mixture of tree heights (Experiment 4). The authors present a modification to an occlusion model (T. Leung & J. Malik, 1997) that can be used to approximate occlusion in the context of LAF, and they evaluate the modified model using the present LAF data. On a practical level, simulating 3-D objects is computationally expensive. The present results suggest that performance may be maintained with fewer objects if their size is increased. C1 [Gray, R.; Covas, C. M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Psychol, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Gray, R.; Geri, G. A.] Link Simulat & Training, Visual Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. [Akhtar, S. C.] Boeing Co, Mesa, AZ USA. [Covas, C. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Gray, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Appl Psychol, 7001 E Williams Field Rd,Sutton 340J, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM robgray@asu.edu RI Gray, Rob/A-3951-2010 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0096-1523 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Hum. Percept. Perform. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1037/0096-1523.34.2.475 PG 14 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 277JQ UT WOS:000254208900015 PM 18377183 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Plasma-based flow-control strategies for transitional highly loaded low-pressure turbines SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLUID-DYNAMICS; BLADES; ACTUATORS; SCHEMES; DNS AB Recent numerical simulations have indicated the potential of plasma-based active flow control for improving the efficiency of highly loaded low-pressure turbines. The configuration considered in the current and earlier simulations correspond to previous experiments and computations for the flow at a Reynolds number of 25,000 based on axial chord and inlet conditions. In this situation, massive separation occurs on the suction surface of each blade due to uncovered turning, causing blockage in the flow passage. It was numerically demonstrated that asymmetric dielectric-barrier-discharge actuators were able to mitigate separation, thereby decreasing turbine wake losses. The present investigation extends this work by investigating a number of plasma-based flow control strategies. These include the chordwise location of actuation, spanwise periodic arrays of actuators, multiple actuation in the streamwise direction, and spanwise-direct actuation. The effect of alternate plasma-force models is also considered. Solutions were obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, which were augmented by source terms used to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by an actuator on the fluid. The numerical method utilized a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme, employing domain decomposition to carry out calculations on a parallel computing platform. A high-order overset grid approach preserved spatial accuracy in locally refined embedded regions. Features of the flowfields are described, and resultant solutions are compared to each other, with a previously obtained control case, and with the base line situation where no control was enforced. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,AFRL RBAC, Bldg 146,Room 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.rizzetta@wpafb.af.mil; miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041104 DI 10.1115/1.2903816 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 290IX UT WOS:000255117600004 ER PT J AU Yang, C Adams, DE Derriso, M Gordon, G AF Yang, Chulho Adams, Douglas E. Derriso, Mark Gordon, Grant TI Structural damage identification in a mechanically attached metallic panel using embedded sensitivity functions SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE embedded sensitivity function; structural health monitoring; damage detection ID TRANSMITTANCE FUNCTIONS AB A vibration-based structural damage identification method is discussed using experimental embedded sensitivity functions, which are algebraic combinations of measured frequency response functions (FRFs) that reflect changes in the response of mechanical systems when mass, damping, or stiffness parameters are changed. The theory of embedded sensitivity functions is reviewed and applied to identify damage in simulations with a six degree-of-freedom model of a metallic panel and in experiments on the actual panel. Measured FRFs, before and after simulated damage is imposed, are compared to an experimental sensitivity function. By matching the spectral shapes of these two sets of functions, damage is first located and classified as changes in stiffness, damping, or mass. Then the damage is quantified directly in engineering units as changes in stiffness or mass using only the measured data. C1 [Yang, Chulho; Adams, Douglas E.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Derriso, Mark] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gordon, Grant] Honeywell Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85027 USA. RP Adams, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM deadams@ecn.purdue.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1177/1045389X06076187 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 286KV UT WOS:000254845700005 ER PT J AU McDougall, J Schaubroeck, L AF McDougall, Jane Schaubroeck, Lisbeth TI Minimal surfaces over stars SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE minimal surface; harmonic mappings; dilatation ID HARMONIC-MAPPINGS; SHEARS AB A JS surface is a minimal graph over a polygonal domain that becomes infinite in magnitude at the domain boundary. Jenkins and Serrin characterized the existence of these minimal graphs in terms of the signs of the boundary values and the side-lengths of the polygon. For a convex polygon, there can be essentially only one JS surface, but a non-convex domain may admit several distinct JS surfaces. We consider two families of JS surfaces corresponding to different boundary values, namely JS(0) and JS(1), over domains in the form of regular stars. We give parameterizations for these surfaces as lifts of harmonic maps, and observe that all previously constructed JS surfaces have been of type JS(0). We give an example of a JS(1) surface that is a new complete embedded minimal surface generalizing Scherk's doubly periodic surface, and show also that the JS(0) surface over a regular convex 2n-gon is the limit of JS(1) surfaces over non-convex stars. Finally we consider the construction of other JS surfaces over stars that belong neither to JS(0) nor to JS(1). (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McDougall, Jane] Colorado Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Schaubroeck, Lisbeth] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McDougall, J (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM JMcDougall@ColoradoCollege.edu; Beth.Schaubroeck@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 340 IS 1 BP 721 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.07.085 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 258IB UT WOS:000252860500061 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Roy, AK AF Wang, Xu Pan, Ernian Roy, A. K. TI Interaction between a screw dislocation and a piezoelectric circular inclusion with viscous interface SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE piezoelectricity; circular inclusion; screw dislocation; viscous interface; image force ID BIMATERIAL INTERFACE AB Exact closed-form solutions in terms of elementary functions are derived for the problem of a screw dislocation embedded in an unbounded piezoelectric matrix interacting with a piezoelectric circular inclusion with a linear viscous interface. By means of the complex variable method, the original boundary value problem is reduced to an inhomogeneous first-order partial differential equation whose solution can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. The time dependent electroelastic fields such as stresses, strains, electric fields, and electric displacements are then obtained. In particular the image force acting on the piezoelectric screw dislocation, due to its interaction with the circular viscous interface, is presented. Some special cases of practical importance are discussed to verify and to illustrate the obtained solution. Finally we present a specific example of a screw dislocation located in a piezoelectric PZT-5 matrix interacting with a piezoelectric BaTiO3 fiber to graphically demonstrate the influence of the viscosity of the interface on the mobility of the screw dislocation. C1 [Wang, Xu; Pan, Ernian] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, Xu; Pan, Ernian] Univ Akron, Dept Appl Math, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Roy, A. K.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM xuwang@uakron.edu; Ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 761 EP 773 DI 10.2140/jomms.2008.3.761 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 309CT UT WOS:000256439000010 ER PT J AU Noel, JG Bogozi, A Vlasov, YA Larkins, GL AF Noel, Julien G. Bogozi, Albert Vlasov, Yuriy A. Larkins, Grover L., Jr. TI Cryogenic pull-down voltage of microelectromechanical switches SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cryogenic temperature; microelectromechanical (MEM) devices; microwave switches; pull-down voltage; radio frequency (RF) devices ID MEM SHUNT SWITCH; RF APPLICATIONS; DESIGN; FABRICATION; RESONATOR AB Capacitively shunted microelectromechanical (MEM) switches were designed, fabricated and tested in an earlier work. The switch is composed of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure with an An bridge membrane suspended above a center conductor covered with a BaTiO3 dielectric. The membrane is actuated by electrostatic force acting between the center conductor of the CPW and the membrane when a voltage is applied. We have noted that pull-down voltages for MEM switches always demonstrate an extremely strong temperature dependence when actuated at cryogenic temperature. This paper improves the pull-down voltage prediction of MEM switches at cryogenic temperature using the mechanical properties of the bridge, thin film and substrate materials used in the switch. The theoretical and experimental results of the actuation voltages of these structures as a function of temperature are presented and compared. C1 [Noel, Julien G.; Vlasov, Yuriy A.; Larkins, Grover L., Jr.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Bogozi, Albert] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Noel, JG (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM fast@fiu.edu RI Noel, Julien/G-6092-2014 OI Noel, Julien/0000-0001-9284-9025 FU Florida International University 2007 Dissertation Year Fellowship FX Manuscript received September 27, 2007; revised January 28. 2008. This work was supported by Florida International University 2007 Dissertation Year Fellowship. Subject Editor D. DeVoe. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.918404 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 345KV UT WOS:000258996600012 ER PT J AU Werrell, KP AF Werrell, Kenneth P. TI Across the Yalu: Rules of engagement and the communist air sanctuary during the Korean War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB Many believe that the United States fought the Korean War with "its hands tied behind its back" because it had decided to restrict its air war to the Korean peninsula. In fact, breaches of this restriction by incursions into Chinese air space occurred more frequently than was generally acknowledged. Mostly deliberate, they were often encouraged and sometimes led by field grade officers. Pilots won fame and glory, while few were punished. Although the violations risked international incidents, they did not expand the war but helped the United Nations achieve air superiority and gave the Communists much less of a sanctuary than has been commonly believed. These infractions also set a dangerous precedent for the future. C1 USAF Acad, Washington, DC USA. RP Werrell, KP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Washington, DC USA. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 451 EP 475 DI 10.1353/jmh.2008.0099 PG 25 WC History SC History GA 283KN UT WOS:000254635200004 ER PT J AU Caldwell, M Reilly, C AF Caldwell, Matthew Reilly, Charles TI Effects of topical nepafenac on corneal epithelial healing time and postoperative pain after PRK: A bilateral, prospective, randomized, masked trial SO JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LASER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; ANALGESIC EFFICACY; OCULAR PAIN; DICLOFENAC; KETOROLAC; SURGERY; SAFETY AB PURPOSE: To assess the effects of nepafenac on Corneal epithelial healing time and pain control compared to placebo in patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery. METHODS: This randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, single-site study included 66 adults (132 eyes) undergoing bilateral PRK surgery. Patients received 1 drop three times daily of nepafenac 0.1% in one eye and balanced salt solution in the contralateral eye until the corneal epithelium healed. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated daily for the progression of epithelial healing until complete closure was observed. Patients also were asked daily to assess the level of pain in each eye using a visual analog scale of 0 to 10. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between treatments in time to epithelial healing. All patients healed by postoperative day 4. Patients receiving nepafenac reported significantly less pain on postoperative days 1 (0.76 versus 1.68) and 2 (1.26 versus 2.23) compared to placebo (P<.0005). A greater percentage of patients also reported superior pain relief in the nepafenac-treated eye compared to the placebo eye during the first 3 days following surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with nepafenac 0.1% Significantly reduced postoperative pain immediately following surgery and had no significant adverse effect on time to reepithelialization compared to placebo. C1 [Caldwell, Matthew; Reilly, Charles] Lackland AFB, USAF, Warfighter Refract Surg Ctr, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Reilly, C (reprint author), 859 MSGS-MCST,Wilford Hall,2200 Bergquest Dr,Ste, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM charles.reilly@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-597X J9 J REFRACT SURG JI J. Refractive Surg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 285ED UT WOS:000254759200012 PM 18500088 ER PT J AU Corporan, E Quick, A DeWift, MJ AF Corporan, Edwin Quick, Adam DeWift, Mafthew J. TI Characterization of particulate matter and gaseous emissions of a C-130H aircraft SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The gaseous and nonvolatile particulate matter (PM) emissions of two T56-A-15 turboprop engines of a C-130H aircraft stationed at the 123rd Airlift Wing in the Kentucky Air National Guard were characterized. The emissions campaign supports the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project WP1401 to determine emissions factors from military aircraft. The purpose of the project is to develop a comprehensive emissions measurement program using both conventional and advanced techniques to determine emissions factors of pollutants, and to investigate the spatial and temporal evolutions of the exhaust plumes from fixed and rotating wing military aircraft. Standard practices for the measurement of gaseous emissions from aircraft have been well established; however, there is no certified methodology for the measurement of aircraft PM emissions. In this study, several conventional instruments were used to physically characterize and quantify the PM emissions from the two turboprop engines. Emissions samples were extracted from the engine exit plane and transported to the analytical instrumentation via heated lines. Multiple sampling probes were used to assess the spatial variation and obtain a representative average of the engine emissions. Particle concentrations, size distributions, and mass emissions were measured using commercially available aerosol instruments. Engine smoke numbers were determined using established Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) practices, and gaseous species were quantified via a Fourier-transform infrared-based gas analyzer. The engines were tested at five power settings, from idle to take-off power, to cover a wide range of operating conditions. Average corrected particle numbers (PNs) of (6.4-14.3) x 10(7) particles per cm(3) and PN emission indices (EI) from 3.5 x 10(15) to 10.0 x 10(15) particles per kg-fuel were observed. The highest PN El were observed for the idle power conditions. The mean particle diameter varied between 50 nm at idle to 70 nm at maximum engine power. PM mass El ranged from 1.6 to 3.5 g/kg-fuel for the conditions tested, which are in agreement with previous T56 engine measurements using other techniques. Additional PM data, smoke numbers, and gaseous emissions will be presented and discussed. C1 [Corporan, Edwin; Quick, Adam] USAF, Res Lab, Propulsion Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeWift, Mafthew J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Corporan, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propulsion Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 4 BP 474 EP 483 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.4.474 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285TN UT WOS:000254799200001 PM 18422034 ER PT J AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, William E. TI Earth Satellite Orbits as KAM Tori SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB Kolmogorov, Arnold, and Moser predicted that trajectories in lightly perturbed Hamiltonian systems should lie on tori, now known as KAM tori. In this paper we explore the possibility that this is the case for Earth orbits perturbed by the entire geopotential. Methods for determining the torus frequencies and coordinate Fourier series are developed. The basis frequencies of the torus can be identified to very high accuracy in a finite integration. Fitting Fourier series is computationally expensive, but can be used to confirm that a KAM torus exists. Many Earth orbits seem to lie on such tori. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 420AB UT WOS:000264259700001 ER PT J AU Ward, PR AF Ward, Patrick R. TI Semiprepared airfield characteristics at higher elevations SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB During combat in April 2004, the Defense Department airdropped 45,000 t of engineering equipment to build a semiprepared airfield in eastern Afghanistan. Engineers encountered two types of challenges as they shaped the natural material into a runway. First, significant quantities of aggregate in the soil highlighted the limitations of determining bearing properties by dynamic cone penetrometer indexing alone. When field expediency is required in these conditions, both the penetrometer and a complementary mechanism-such as the Unified Soil Classification System-should be used to determine the material's bearing capacity. Wear layer confinement in semiarid climates is also addressed, and meteorological observations complemented data development. Second, weather phenomena corresponding to airfields at higher elevations generally decrease aircraft performance. The engineering result is reduced tolerance for runway unevenness when aircraft are traveling at high speeds. When building airfields located at higher elevations, design criteria must account for this diminished tolerance and its relationship to aviation safety. This paper presents data derived from military activities and suggests a mechanism for measuring the degree of runway unevenness. C1 USAF, Special Tact Grp 720, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. RP Ward, PR (reprint author), USAF, Special Tact Grp 720, 223 Cody Ave, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2008 VL 134 IS 4 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2008)134:4(163) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 285HD UT WOS:000254767000003 ER PT J AU Savage, SA Zarzaur, BL Magnotti, LJ Weinberg, JA Maish, GO Bee, TK Minard, G Schroeppel, T Croce, MA Fabian, TC AF Savage, Stephanie A. Zarzaur, Ben L. Magnotti, Louis J. Weinberg, Jordan A. Maish, George O. Bee, Tiffany K. Minard, Gayle Schroeppel, Thomas Croce, Martin A. Fabian, Timothy C. TI The evolution of blunt splenic injury: Resolution and progression SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE spleen; injury; follow-up; outpatient; CT scan; rupture ID NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; EASTERN-ASSOCIATION; TRAUMA; FAILURE; ADULTS; EMBOLIZATION; EXPERIENCE; SURGERY AB Background: Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury (BSI) has become the standard of care for hemodynamically stable patients. Successful nonoperative management raises two related questions: (1) what is the time course for splenic healing and (2) when may patients safely return to usual activities? There is little evidence to guide surgeon recommendations regarding return to full activities. Our hypothesis was that time to healing is related to severity of BSI. Methods: The trauma registry at a level I trauma center was queried for patients diagnosed with a BSI managed nonoperatively between 2002 and 2007. Follow-up abdominal computed tomography scans were reviewed with attention to progression to healing of BSI. Kaplan-Meier curves were compared for mild (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades I-II) and severe (grades III-V) BSI. Results: Six hundred thirty-seven patients (63.9% mild spleen injury and 36.1% severe injury) with a BSI were eligible for analysis. Fifty-one patients had documented healing as inpatients. Ninety-seven patients discharged with BSI had outpatient computed tomography scans. Nine had worsening of BSI as outpatients and two (1 mild and 1 severe) required intervention (2 splenectomies). Thirty-three outpatients were followed to complete healing. Mild injuries had faster mean time to healing compared with severe (12.5 vs. 37.2 days, p < 0.001). Most healing occurred within 2 months but approximately 20% of each group had not healed after 3 months. Conclusion: Although mild BSIs heal faster than severe BSIs, nearly 10% of all the BSIs followed as outpatients worsened. Close observation of patients with BSI should continue until healing can be confirmed. C1 [Savage, Stephanie A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Zarzaur, Ben L.; Magnotti, Louis J.; Weinberg, Jordan A.; Maish, George O.; Bee, Tiffany K.; Minard, Gayle; Schroeppel, Thomas; Croce, Martin A.; Fabian, Timothy C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Gen Surg, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Weinberg, Jordan A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Gen Surg, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Savage, SA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1,Lackland AFB, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM stephanie.savage@lackland.af.mil NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31816920f1 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 287UN UT WOS:000254942100039 PM 18404079 ER PT J AU Johannigman, JA Muskat, P Barnes, S Davis, K Branson, RD AF Johannigman, Jay A. Muskat, Peter Barnes, Stephen Davis, Kenneth Branson, Richard D. TI Autonomous control of ventilation SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID PROPORTIONAL-ASSIST VENTILATION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; PRESSURE-SUPPORT VENTILATION; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; VOLUME-CONTROLLED VENTILATION; MANDATORY MINUTE VOLUME; ADAPTIVE LUNG VENTILATION; KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; BREATHING PATTERN C1 [Johannigman, Jay A.; Muskat, Peter; Barnes, Stephen; Davis, Kenneth; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Muskat, Peter; Barnes, Stephen] USAF, Med Corps, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Johannigman, JA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM jayjohannigman@uc.edu NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 SU S BP S302 EP S320 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31816bf4e2 PG 19 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 288WT UT WOS:000255017400004 PM 18385583 ER PT J AU Johannigman, JA Muskat, P Barnes, S Davis, K Beck, G Branson, RD AF Johannigman, Jay A. Muskat, Peter Barnes, Stephen Davis, Kenneth, Jr. Beck, George Branson, Richard D. TI Autonomous control of oxygenation SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; ARTERIAL OXYGEN; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY C1 [Johannigman, Jay A.; Muskat, Peter; Barnes, Stephen; Davis, Kenneth, Jr.; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma Crit Care, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Beck, George] Impact Instrumentat Inc, W Caldwell, NJ USA. [Muskat, Peter; Barnes, Stephen] USAF, Med Corps, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Johannigman, JA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma Crit Care, Dept Surg, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM jay.johannigman@uc.edu NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 SU S BP S295 EP S301 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31816bce54 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 288WT UT WOS:000255017400003 PM 18385582 ER PT J AU Jones, MS Harrach, B AF Jones, Morris S. Harrach, Balazs TI Human adenovirus type 52: a type 41 in disguise? Reply SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Jones, Morris S.] USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Harrach, Balazs] Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary. RP Jones, MS (reprint author), USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM drmorrisj@yahoo.com RI Harrach, Balazs/A-3680-2008 OI Harrach, Balazs/0000-0002-1410-6469 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 7 BP 3809 EP 3810 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 276KL UT WOS:000254139800061 ER PT J AU Swanson, LA Disimile, PJ AF Swanson, L. A. Disimile, P. J. TI Wall cavitation caused by projectile impact SO JOURNAL OF VISUALIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Swanson, L. A.] Engn & Sci Innovat Inc, Batesville, IN USA. [Disimile, P. J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Swanson, LA (reprint author), Engn & Sci Innovat Inc, Batesville, IN USA. EM peter.disimile@uc.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1343-8875 J9 J VISUAL-JAPAN JI J. Vis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 276VG UT WOS:000254171100004 ER PT J AU Yue, G Hao, S Fadare, O Baker, S Pozdnyakova, O Galili, N Woda, BA Raza, A Wang, SA AF Yue, Gang Hao, Suyang Fadare, Oluwole Baker, Stephen Pozdnyakova, Olga Galili, Naomi Woda, Bruce A. Raza, Azra Wang, Sa A. TI Hypocellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome is an independent factor which predicts a favorable outcome SO LEUKEMIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE myelodysplastic syndrome; hypocellular; IPSS risk groups; survival; cytogenetics ID BONE-MARROW BIOPSY; PROPOSALS; APOPTOSIS; LEUKEMIA; FEATURES; DISEASES; CELLS AB Hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents only a small portion of MDS, of which, the clinical significance has not been well-defined. By using currently accepted age-adjusted criteria to define hypocellularity as <30% in patients <70 years old, and <20% in >70 years old, we identified 163 (15.5%) hypocelluar MDS from 1049 consecutive adult MDS patients over an 11-year period (1995-2006). Compared to normal/hypercellular MDS, hypocellular MDS patients were younger (p < 0.01), less anemic (p = 0.02), but more neutropenic (p < 0.001) and thrombocytopenic (p = 0.05), and had a comparable cytogenetic risk group distribution (p = 0.09) and international prognostic scores (IPSS, p = 0.13). With a median follow-up of 52 months, hypocellular MDS showed a favorable overall survival (56 months versus 28 months, log-rank p < 0.0001) over normal/hypocellular MDS, and this survival preference was also demonstrated in all IPSS groups and cytogenetic risk groups, and was independent of all other risk factors (Cox regression test, p = 0.01). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that hypocellular MDS has characteristic clinicopathologic features, and bone marrow hypocellularity in MDS is an independent factor which predicts a favorable outcome. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yue, Gang; Hao, Suyang; Pozdnyakova, Olga; Woda, Bruce A.; Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, UMass Mem Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Baker, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, UMass Mem Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 3 Biotech,1 Innovat Dr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM wanga@ummhc.org NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2126 J9 LEUKEMIA RES JI Leuk. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.08.006 PG 6 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 284RU UT WOS:000254724300006 PM 17888511 ER PT J AU Choi, I Bruce, DM Matlock, DK Speer, JG AF Choi, Ildong Bruce, Denise M. Matlock, David K. Speer, John G. TI The high-speed deformation behavior of TRIP steels SO METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE high-speed deformation; strain rate sensitivity; TRIP steel; uniform elongation; absorbed energy AB The high-speed deformation behavior of TRIP steel was investigated at strain rates ranging from 10(-2) s(-1) to 10(3)s(-1). The effects of metallurgical factors, such as the rolling direction, thickness, and gage length, on the tensile properties at various strain rates were evaluated. The ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, strain rate sensitivity, absorbed energy, and strain-hardening exponent are reported. In general, the strength increases and the ductility decreases as the strain rate increases. The samples with a high amount of retained austenite had two distinct regions of strain rate sensitivity, showing high strain rate sensitivity over a strain rate of 10(2) s(-1). The tensile properties were not affected by the gage length and thickness of the tensile samples; however, the rolling direction of the tensile samples affected the UTS values slightly. The absorbed energy of the TRIP steel greatly exceeded that of HSLA steel. C1 [Choi, Ildong] Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Pusan 606791, South Korea. [Bruce, Denise M.] USAF, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Matlock, David K.; Speer, John G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Choi, I (reprint author), Korea Maritime Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 1 Dongsam Dong, Pusan 606791, South Korea. EM ilchoi@hhu.ac.kr NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-777, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-9623 J9 MET MATER-INT JI Met. Mater.-Int. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.3365/met.mat.2008.04.139 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 295PA UT WOS:000255485200002 ER PT J AU Toner, C AF Toner, Christopher TI Sorts of naturalism: Requirements for a successful theory (Michael Thompson, Philippa Foot, Rosalind Hursthouse, John McDowell, Larry Arnhart) SO METAPHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article DE Foot; Hursthouse; MacIntyre; McDowell; naturalism; virtue ethics AB In this article I investigate several "sorts of naturalism" that have been advanced in recent years as possible foundations for virtue ethics: those of Michael Thompson, Philippa Foot, Rosalind Hursthouse, John McDowell, and Larry Arnhart. Each of these impressive attempts fails in illuminatingly different ways, and in the opening sections I analyze what has gone variously wrong. I next use this analysis to articulate four criteria that any successful Aristotelian naturalism must meet (my goal is to show what naturalism must deliver, not yet to show that it can deliver it). I then look at Alasdair MacIntyre's approach, which begins with our natural trajectory from complete dependency toward becoming independent practical reasoners; I argue that this sort of naturalism meets the aforementioned criteria and thus provides a good example of what Aristotelian naturalists must do. I close with a consideration of two important objections to any broadly MacIntyrean sort of naturalism. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Toner, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM christopher.toner@usafa.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-1068 J9 METAPHILOSOPHY JI Metaphilosophy PD APR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 220 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9973.2008.00538.x PG 31 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 269EI UT WOS:000253631900005 ER PT J AU Blecher, CB Ly, JQ AF Blecher, Christa B. Ly, Justin Q. TI Answer to last month's radiology case and image: Femoroacetabular impingement SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Blecher, Christa B.; Ly, Justin Q.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Blecher, CB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 4 BP XXVI EP XXVII PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 288CL UT WOS:000254963700019 PM 18472636 ER PT J AU Ahuja, SK Kulkarni, H Catano, G Agan, BK Camargo, JF He, W O'Connell, RJ Marconi, VC Delmar, J Eron, J Clark, RA Frost, S Martin, J Ahuja, SS Deeks, SG Little, S Richman, D Hecht, FM Dolan, MJ AF Ahuja, Sunil K. Kulkarni, Hemant Catano, Gabriel Agan, Brian K. Camargo, Jose F. He, Weijing O'Connell, Robert J. Marconi, Vincent C. Delmar, Judith Eron, Joseph Clark, Robert A. Frost, Simon Martin, Jeffrey Ahuja, Seema S. Deeks, Steven G. Little, Susan Richman, Douglas Hecht, Frederick M. Dolan, Matthew J. TI CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype influences durability of immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1-infected individuals SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; CD4(+) CELL COUNT; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; DISEASE PROGRESSION; VIROLOGICAL SUPPRESSION; GENETIC PROFILES; RNA LEVEL; AIDS; MORTALITY AB The basis for the extensive variability seen in the reconstitution of CD4(+) T cell counts in HIV- infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) is not fully known. Here, we show that variations in CCL3L1 gene dose and CCR5 genotype, but not major histocompatibility complex HLA alleles, influence immune reconstitution, especially when HAART is initiated at <350 CD4(+) T cells/ mm(3). The CCL3L1- CCR5 genotypes favoring CD4(+) T cell recovery are similar to those that blunted CD4(+) T cell depletion during the time before HAART became available ( pre- HAART era), suggesting that a common CCL3L1- CCR5 genetic pathway regulates the balance between pathogenic and reparative processes from early in the disease course. Hence, CCL3L1-CCR5 variations influence HIV pathogenesis even in the presence of HAART and, therefore, may prospectively identify subjects in whom earlier initiation of therapy is more likely to mitigate immunologic failure despite viral suppression by HAART. Furthermore, as reconstitution of CD4(+) cells during HAART is more sensitive to CCL3L1 dose than to CCR5 genotypes, CCL3L1 analogs might be efficacious in supporting immunological reconstitution. C1 [Ahuja, Sunil K.; Kulkarni, Hemant; Catano, Gabriel; Camargo, Jose F.; He, Weijing; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Seema S.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV1 Infect, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.; Kulkarni, Hemant; Catano, Gabriel; Camargo, Jose F.; He, Weijing; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Seema S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; O'Connell, Robert J.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; O'Connell, Robert J.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Delmar, Judith; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Eron, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Frost, Simon; Little, Susan; Richman, Douglas] Univ Calif San Diego, Antiviral Res Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Frost, Simon; Richman, Douglas] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Martin, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Deeks, Steven G.; Hecht, Frederick M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV1 Infect, 7400 Merton Minister, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM ahujas@uthscsa.edu; mdolan@hjf.org RI Frost, Simon/F-3648-2010; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Frost, Simon/0000-0002-5207-9879; Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI074621, P01 AI074621-01A10002, P30 AI050410] NR 50 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1038/nm1741 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 283ZD UT WOS:000254674100028 PM 18376407 ER PT J AU Yoder, BA Gordon, MC Barth, WH AF Yoder, Bradley A. Gordon, Michael C. Barth, William H., Jr. TI Late-preterm birth - Does the changing obstetric paradigm alter the epidemiology of respiratory complications? SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; DISTRESS-SYNDROME; GESTATIONAL-AGE; NEWBORN-INFANT; TERM; RISK; OUTCOMES; MORBIDITY; SECTION; MODE AB OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of gestational age, delivery mode, and maternal-fetal risk factors on rates of respiratory problems among infants born 34 or more weeks of gestation over a 9-year period. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected maternal and neonatal data on all inborn births at 34 or more weeks of gestation at a single tertiary care center for the years 1990-1998. Specific diagnostic criteria were concurrently applied by a single investigator. RESULTS: Over the 9-year period, late-preterm births increased by 37%, whereas births at more than 40 weeks decreased by 39%, resulting in a decrease in median age at delivery from 40 weeks to 39 weeks (P<.001). Respiratory problems occurred in 705 term or late-preterm infants (4.9%), with clinically significant morbidity (respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, or pneumonia) least common at 39-40 weeks of gestation. Respiratory morbidity was greater among infants born by cesarean delivery or complicated vaginal delivery compared with uncomplicated cephalic vaginal delivery. The rate of respiratory morbidity did not change over time (1990-1992 1.3%, 1993-1995 1.5%, 1996-1998 1.4%, P=.746). The etiologic fraction for respiratory morbidity did not change over time for infants 34-36 weeks but decreased twofold for infants born after 40 weeks. CONCLUSION: Over the 9-year study period, reduced respiratory morbidity associated with decreased births after 40 weeks were offset by the adverse respiratory effect of increased cesarean delivery rates and increased late-preterm birth rates. C1 [Yoder, Bradley A.; Gordon, Michael C.; Barth, William H., Jr.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Yoder, Bradley A.; Gordon, Michael C.; Barth, William H., Jr.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Yoder, BA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, POB 581289, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bradley.yoder@hsc.utah.edu NR 28 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 111 IS 4 BP 814 EP 822 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31816499f4 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 280NO UT WOS:000254433700003 PM 18378739 ER PT J AU Grupen, M Sotirelis, P Wong, S Albrecht, J Bedford, R Maley, S Nelson, T Siskaninetz, B AF Grupen, Matt Sotirelis, Paul Wong, Steve Albrecht, John Bedford, Robert Maley, Sarah Nelson, Tom Siskaninetz, Bill TI Full wave electromagnetics for simulating high speed quantum well laser diode modulation SO OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD '07) CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE HO Univ Delaware DE full wave electromagnetics; plasma heating; laser diode modulation ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; FIELD AB A unique discretization scheme that couples Maxwell's full wave vector field equations self-consistently with nonlinear charge and energy transport is presented. The scheme is used to simulate laser modulation achieved in a simple electrically pumped quantum well laser diode by dynamically heating the degenerate quantum charge gases with high frequency radiation. C1 [Grupen, Matt; Sotirelis, Paul; Wong, Steve] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Albrecht, John; Bedford, Robert; Maley, Sarah; Nelson, Tom; Siskaninetz, Bill] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Grupen, M (reprint author), High Performance Technol Inc, 11955 Freedom Dr,Suite 1100, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM matthew.grupen@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0306-8919 J9 OPT QUANT ELECTRON JI Opt. Quantum Electron. PD APR-MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5-6 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s11082-008-9211-z PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 352LX UT WOS:000259499800011 ER PT J AU Bowers, DL Boger, JK Wellems, LD Ortega, SE Fetrow, MP Hubbs, JE Black, WT Ratliff, BM Tyo, JS AF Bowers, David L. Boger, James K. Wellems, L. David Ortega, Steve E. Fetrow, Matthew P. Hubbs, John E. Black, Wiley T. Ratliff, Bradley M. Tyo, J. Scott TI Unpolarized calibration and nonuniformity correction for long-wave infrared microgrid imaging polarimeters SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measure, Analysis and Remote Sensing VII CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE infrared polarimetry; polarimeter; microgrid polarimeters ID POLARIZATION; IMAGERY AB Recent developments for long-wave infrared (LWIR) imaging polarimeters include incorporating a microgrid polarizer array onto the focal plane array. Inherent advantages over other classes of polarimeters include rugged packaging, inherent alignment of the optomechanical system, and temporal synchronization that facilitates instantaneous acquisition of both thermal and polarimetric information. On the other hand, the pixel-to-pixel instantaneous field-of-view error that is inherent in the microgrid strategy leads to false polarization signatures. Because of this error, residual pixel-to-pixel variations in the gain-corrected responsivity, the noise-equivalent input, and variations in the pixel-to-pixel micropolarizer performance are extremely important. The degree of linear polarization is highly sensitive to these parameters and is consequently used as a metric to explore instrument sensitivities. We explore the unpolarized calibration issues associated with this class of LWIR polarimeters and discuss the resulting false polarization signature for thermally flat test scenes. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Bowers, David L.; Boger, James K.; Wellems, L. David; Ortega, Steve E.] Appl Technol Assoc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Hubbs, John E.] USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hubbs, John E.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Black, Wiley T.; Ratliff, Bradley M.; Tyo, J. Scott] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bowers, DL (reprint author), Appl Technol Assoc, 1300 Britt St SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 AR 046403 DI 10.1117/1.2911715 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 306IT UT WOS:000256242200031 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Alsing, P. M. Cardimona, D. A. TI Nonlocal mode mixing and surface-plasmon-polariton-mediated enhancement of diffracted terahertz fields by a conductive grating SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SUPERLATTICES; REFLECTION AB This work generalizes our previous study of the effect of plasma-wave induced longitudinal fields [D. H. Huang J. Appl. Phys. 100, 113711 (2006)]. We incorporate a conductive grating on top of a conducting sheet for generating and mixing Bragg modes arising from a reflected and/or transmitted electromagnetic field. It also generalizes our recent work on the coupling of electronically modulated two-dimensional plasmons with the surface plasmon [G. Gumbs and D. H. Huang, Phys. Rev. B 75, 115314 (2007)] by including the retardation and longitudinal-field effects in calculating the diffracted near and far electromagnetic fields. The main result of this paper is the prediction of large enhancements at the band edges of a coupled Bloch-surface-plasmon-polariton band in the spectrum of the reflected far electromagnetic field due to anticrossing gaps induced by the strong coupling between the continuous surface-plasmon-polariton mode and discrete Bloch-like modes. The existence of these Bloch-like modes is a direct consequence of the nonlocal mixing of specular and diffraction modes of the reflected electromagnetic field by free-electron induced optical polarization and the interference of a pair of surface optical-polarization waves with opposite Bragg order numbers in the presence of a grating. The interference of these two counterpropagating surface waves leads to the formation of a Wannier-like state with associated electromagnetic fields localized within the grating-gap regions. The effects of the sheet density, plasmon instability, grating period, angle of incidence, and absorption loss on the optical enhancements of both transmitted and reflected electromagnetic fields are investigated. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Alsing, P. M.; Cardimona, D. A.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 16 AR 165404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165404 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295EJ UT WOS:000255457500102 ER PT J AU Basu, B AF Basu, B. TI Low frequency electrostatic waves in weakly inhomogeneous magnetoplasma modeled by Lorentzian (kappa) distributions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA DISPERSION FUNCTION; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; SPACE PLASMAS; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; MICROINSTABILITIES; INSTABILITY; PARTICLES; ELECTRONS; DRIVEN; FIELD AB Linear dispersion relations for electrostatic waves in spatially inhomogeneous, current-carrying anisotropic plasma, where the equilibrium particle velocity distributions are modeled by various Lorentzian (kappa) distributions and by well-known bi-Maxwellian distribution, are presented. Spatial inhomogeneities, assumed to be weak, include density gradients, temperature gradients, and gradients (shear) in the parallel (to the ambient magnetic field) flow velocities associated with the current. In order to illustrate the distinguishing features of the kappa distributions, stability properties of the low frequency (lower than ion cyclotron frequency) and long perpendicular wavelength (longer than ion gyroradius) modes are studied in detail, and the results are contrasted with those for the bi-Maxwellian distribution. Specific attention is given to the drift waves, the current-driven ion-acoustic waves in the presence of velocity shear, the velocity shear-driven ion-acoustic modes, and the ion temperature-gradient driven modes. Growth rates of the drift wave instability and the current-driven ion-acoustic instability are reduced from their values for bi-Maxwellian distribution due to larger ion Landau damping rates associated with the kappa distributions. For the same reason, excitation conditions for these two instabilities are more stringent in the case of the kappa distributions. Growth rates of the velocity shear-driven ion-acoustic instability and the ion temperature-gradient driven instability are reduced from their values for bi-Maxwellian distribution as a consequence of the reduced adiabatic response of the electrons to the electrostatic potential perturbation. Frequencies of the drift waves and the ion-acoustic waves are also reduced in kappa-distribution plasmas due to the reduced adiabatic response of the electrons. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 AR 042108 DI 10.1063/1.2906217 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 295EB UT WOS:000255456700010 ER PT J AU Derby, RC Reamy, BV Plumley, RL AF Derby, Richard C. Reamy, Brian V. Plumley, Ray L. TI Office care of patients after myocardial infarction SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; SECONDARY PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; RISK; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; PROGRAM; TRIALS; STROKE AB Declining death rates from heart disease since the 1950s have been largely attributed to secondary prevention. Unfortunately, studies demonstrate remarkable underutilization of secondary prevention plans by health care providers. Health care providers should develop secondary prevention plans for patients who have sustained a myocardial infarction or an acute coronary syndrome. The secondary prevention plan should include four core components: initial patient risk assessment, pharmacologic therapy, therapeutic lifestyle changes and intervention, and psychosocial evaluation. C1 [Derby, Richard C.; Reamy, Brian V.; Plumley, Ray L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Derby, RC (reprint author), Andrews AFB, Bethesda, MD 20762 USA. EM richard.derby-02@afnrc.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JTE MULTIMEDIA PI BERWYN PA 1235 WESTLAKES DR, STE 220, BERWYN, PA 19312 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.3810/pgm.2008.04.1755 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 325UO UT WOS:000257614000003 PM 18467804 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, Justin Q. TI The four-tendon sign SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jly15544@hotmail.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD APR PY 2008 VL 247 IS 1 BP 291 EP 292 DI 10.1148/radiol.2471050983 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 279MF UT WOS:000254358600034 PM 18372474 ER PT J AU Kehrer, K Graf, B Roeder, WP AF Kehrer, Kristen Graf, Brian Roeder, William P. TI Global positioning system (GPS) precipitable water in forecasting lightning at Spaceport Canaveral SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID VAPOR AB This paper evaluates the use of precipitable water (PW) from the global positioning system (GPS) in lightning prediction. Additional independent verification of an earlier model is performed. This earlier model used binary logistic regression with the following four predictor variables optimally selected from a candidate list of 23 candidate predictors: the current precipitable water value for a given time of the day, the change in GPS PW over the past 9 h, the K index, and the electric field mill value. The K index was used as a measure of atmospheric stability, which, of the traditional stability measures, has been shown to work best in the area and season under study. This earlier model was not optimized for any specific forecast interval, but showed promise for 6- and 1.5-h forecasts. Two new models were developed and verified. These new models were optimized for two operationally significant forecast intervals. The first model was optimized for the 0.5-h lightning advisories issued by the U. S. Air Force's 45th Weather Squadron. An additional 1.5 h was allowed for sensor dwell, communication, calculation, analysis, and advisory decision by the forecaster. Therefore, the 0.5-h advisory model became a 2-h forecast model for lightning within the 45th Weather Squadron advisory areas. The second model was optimized for major ground processing operations supported by the 45th Weather Squadron, which can require lightning forecasts with a lead time of up to 7.5 h. Using the same 1.5-h lag as in the other new model, this became a 9-h forecast model for lightning within 37 km (20 n mi) of the 45th Weather Squadron advisory areas. The two new models were built using binary logistic regression and a list of 26 candidate predictor variables: the current GPS PW value, the K index, and 24 candidate variables of the change in GPS PW levels over 0.5-h increments up to 12 h. The new 2-h model found the following four predictors to be statistically significant, listed in decreasing order of contribution to the forecast: the 0.5-h change in GPS PW, the 7.5-h change in GPS PW, the current GPS PW value, and the K index. The new 9-h forecast model found the following five independent variables to be statistically significant, listed in decreasing order of contribution to the forecast: the current GPS PW value, the 8.5-h change in GPS PW, the 3.5-h change in GPS PW, the 12-h change in GPS PW, and the K index. In both models, the GPS PW parameters had better correlation to the lightning forecast than did the K index, a widely used thunderstorm index. Possible future improvements to this study are discussed. C1 [Kehrer, Kristen; Graf, Brian] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Roeder, William P.] Patrick AFB, Miami, FL USA. RP Kehrer, K (reprint author), NASA, Mail Stop EA-C, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM kristen.c.kehrer@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2006105.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 289TT UT WOS:000255077500002 ER PT J AU Tavakoli, B Javidi, B Watson, E AF Tavakoli, Behnoosh Javidi, Bahram Watson, Edward TI Three dimensional visualization by photon counting computational Integral Imaging SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; RECONSTRUCTION; PHOTOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; ARRAYS AB In this paper, we present three dimensional (3D) object reconstruction using photon-counted elemental images acquired by a passive 3D Integral Imaging (II) system. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is derived to reconstruct the irradiance of the 3D scene pixels and the reliability of the estimator is described by confidence intervals. For applications in photon scarce environments, our proposed technique provides 3D reconstruction for better visualization as well as significant reduction in the computational burden and required bandwidth for transmission of integral images. The performance of the reconstruction is illustrated qualitatively and compared quantitatively with Peak to Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) criterion. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Tavakoli, Behnoosh; Javidi, Bahram] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, U 2157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Watson, Edward] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Javidi, B (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, U 2157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Bahram@engr.uconn.edu NR 35 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 31 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4426 EP 4436 DI 10.1364/OE.16.004426 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 290CL UT WOS:000255100400005 PM 18542539 ER PT J AU Burtt, KD Sharma, RD AF Burtt, Kelly D. Sharma, Ramesh D. TI Near-resonant energy transfer from highly vibrationally excited OH to N(2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN-A-COEFFICIENTS; COLLISIONS; AIRGLOW; STATE; NU3; DEACTIVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION; EMISSION AB The probability per collision P(T) of near-resonant vibration-to-vibration energy transfer (ET) of one quantum of vibrational energy from vibrational levels v = 8 and v = 9 of OH to N(2)(v = 0), OH(v)+N(2)(0) -> OH(v-1)+N(2)(1), is calculated in the 100-350 K temperature range. These processes represent important steps in a model that explains the enhanced 4.3 mu m emission from CO(2) in the nocturnal mesosphere. The calculated energy transfer is mediated by weak long-range dipole-quadrupole interaction. The results of this calculation are very sensitive to the strength of the two transition moments. Because of the long range of the intermolecular potential, the resonance function, a measure of energy that can be efficiently exchanged between translation and vibration-rotation degrees of freedom, is rather narrow. A narrow resonance function coupled with the large rotational constant of OH is shown to render the results of the calculation very sensitive to the rotational distribution, or the rotational temperature if one exists, of this molecule. The calculations are carried out in the first and second orders of perturbation theory with the latter shown to give ET probabilities that are an order of magnitude larger than the former. The reasons for the difference in magnitude and temperature dependence of the first- and second-order calculations are discussed. The results of the calculations are compared with room temperature measurements as well as with an earlier calculation. Our calculated results are in good agreement with the room temperature measurements for the transfer of vibrational energy for the exothermic OH (v = 9) ET process but are about an order lower than the room temperature measurements for the exothermic OH (v = 8) ET process. The cause of this discrepancy is explored. This calculation does not give the large values of the rate coefficients needed by the model that explains the enhanced 4.3 mu m emission from CO(2) in the nocturnal mesosphere. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Burtt, Kelly D.; Sharma, Ramesh D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Burtt, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 25 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 12 AR 124311 DI 10.1063/1.2884343 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 281ZK UT WOS:000254537200024 PM 18376923 ER PT J AU Senkova, ON Miracle, DB AF Senkova, Oleg N. Miracle, Daniel B. TI Correlation between thermodynamic and kinetic fragilities in nonpolymeric glass-forming liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; ENTROPY AB A phenomenological relationship between reduced excess heat capacity of supercooled liquid Delta C(p)(exc)(T(g))/Delta S(m) at the glass transition temperature T(g), fragility index m, and reduced glass transition temperature T(rg)=T(g)/T(m), where T(m) is the melting (liquidus) temperature, was derived for fragile nonpolymeric glass-forming liquids under the assumptions that the fragile behavior of these liquids is described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation; the excess heat capacity of liquid is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature and the VFT temperature T(0) is equal to the Kauzmann temperature T(K). It was found that Delta C(p)(exc)(T(g))/Delta S(m) is a composite function of m and T(rg), which indicates that the empirical correlation Delta C(p)(exc)(T(g))/Delta S(m) = 0.025m recently identified by Wang et al. [J. Chem Phys. 125, 074505 (2006)] is probably valid only for liquids which have nearly the same values of T(rg). (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Senkova, Oleg N.; Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Senkova, Oleg N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Senkova, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 12 AR 124508 DI 10.1063/1.2890726 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 281ZK UT WOS:000254537200045 PM 18376944 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Chodavarapu, VP Cartwright, AN Swihart, MT Bunning, TJ AF Kim, Sung Jin Chodavarapu, Vamsy P. Cartwright, Alexander N. Swihart, Mark T. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Enhanced oxygen detection using porous polymeric gratings with integrated recognition elements SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE HPDLC gratings; porous structures; fluorometry; optical sensors; reflection gratings; nanostructured sensors; oxygen sensors; biosensors; biochemical sensors ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; SILICON; NANOSENSORS; MECHANISM; BIOCHIPS AB The development of ordered porous nanostructured materials, such as polymeric Bragg gratings, offers an attractive platform for the encapsulation of chemical and biological recognition elements. To date, various types of polymer gratings have been developed with several demonstrated applications in switching, lasing, and display devices. Here, we focus on a new class of holographically ordered porous polymer (HOPP) gratings that are an extension of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLQ structures. We present biochemical sensing using HOPP gratings that include a volatile solvent as the phase separation fluid. The resulting HOPP gratings are simple to fabricate, chromatically tunable, highly versatile, and can be employed as a general template for the encapsulation of recognition elements. As a prototype, we developed an oxygen (02) sensor by encapsulating the fluorophore (tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenathroline)ruthenium(III) within these nanostructured materials. The resulting 02 sensors performed across the full-scale range (0-100%) of oxygen in nitrogen, with a response time of less than 1 s. The 02 sensor system uses a LED excitation source and a silicon photodiode detector. The ability of these HOPP reflection gratings to transmit or reflect a particular wavelength range, based on the grating spacing, enables us to selectively enhance the detection efficiency for the wavelengths of interest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, Sung Jin; Cartwright, Alexander N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Swihart, Mark T.] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Swihart, Mark T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cartwright, AN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM anc@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008; Swihart, Mark/A-3182-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036; Swihart, Mark/0000-0002-9652-687X NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.10.073 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 290FC UT WOS:000255107700029 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Bullett, TW Mishin, E Yampolski, YM AF McNamara, Leo F. Bullett, Terence W. Mishin, Evgenii Yampolski, Yuri M. TI Nighttime above-the-MUF HF propagation on a midlatitude circuit SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB HF radio propagation was observed regularly during the night at frequencies above the classical Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) on the circuit from Fort Collins, Colorado, to Boston, Massachusetts, during 2003 (McNamara et al., 2006). This propagation was attributed to above-the-MUF propagation, in the sense of normal refraction by over-dense regions in the F2 layer of the ionosphere, following Wheeler (1966). Similar propagation was also observed on a regular basis on the Ottawa to Boston circuit, at an operating frequency of 7.335 MHz. We have reanalyzed the nighttime Ottawa to Boston propagation in conjunction with observations of foF2 recorded by the digisonde at Millstone Hill (near Boston). Normal propagation (via refraction) would be supported on this circuit only when foF2 exceeds the equivalent vertical frequency, which is similar to 5.7 MHz. The actual propagation extends through the midnight to dawn period even when foF2 drops below 4 MHz, with signal powers decreasing from about -80 dBW to -110 dBW. We deduce that there are three possible modes of propagation that are, in order of appearance: (1) normal refraction when foF2 exceeds 5.7 MHz; (2) "sporadic'' reflection from large scale irregularities (tens of kilometers) with plasma frequencies that exceed 5.7 MHz in a lower density background; and (3) a 2-hop ground side scatter mode with hop lengths greater than the 7.335 MHz skip distance. The second mechanism is the one discussed by Wheeler (1966). C1 [McNamara, Leo F.; Mishin, Evgenii] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 01731 USA. [Bullett, Terence W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Yampolski, Yuri M.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, UA-310002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 01731 USA. EM leo.mcnamara.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR 26 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 AR RS2004 DI 10.1029/2007RS003742 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 281YM UT WOS:000254534800002 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Wang, YC Schoenmakers, R May, K Jackson, M Koerner, H Farmer, BL Mauryama, B Vaia, RA AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Wang, Y. C. Schoenmakers, Remco May, Keith Jackson, Mike Koerner, Hilmar Farmer, B. L. Mauryama, Benji Vaia, Richard A. TI Morphology of layered silicate- (NanoClay-) polymer nanocomposites by electron tomography and small-angle x-ray scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; MONTMORILLONITE; DISPERSION; SMECTITE; LEGINON; SYSTEM; ILLITE; IMAGE; BONE; TEM AB A basis for quantitative analysis of layered silicate(-) (nanoclay(-)) polymer nanocomposite morphology using two characterization methods, electron tomography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), is provided. For tilt greater than 15 degrees, the contrast of a single montmorillonite layer experimentally decreases below the detectable limit of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Calculations based on Z-contrast imaging of a I nm thick aluminosilicate layer predict this tilt angle (15 degrees) should produce 17% contrast, consistent with a reasonable limit of HAADF-STEM detection for this system. This result implies that segmentation or thresholding of 2-dimensional Z-contrast projection images of randomly oriented, highly anisotropic nanoparticles, such as layered silicates in polymer nanocomposites, will be extremely inaccurate. For example, nearly 75% of the volume of montmorillonite layers in an epoxy matrix will not be identified in the segmentation, owing to their orientation alone. Using electron tomography, this number is reduced to below 15% and tomographic reconstruction reveals three-dimensional information. The corresponding 3D fast Fourier transformation (FFT) indicates that the image volume (10(-1) mu m(3)) does not contain sufficient distribution of local environments (interlayer correlation length similar to 16.1 nm) to directly correspond to the global average as revealed by SAXS (scattering volume, 10(7) mu m(3); interlayer correlation length similar to 12.3 nm). Nevertheless, in contrast to SAXS, the tomographic reconstruction provides precise details of the distribution of morphological features, in addition to statistical averages over the sample volume. C1 [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Koerner, Hilmar; Farmer, B. L.; Mauryama, Benji; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wang, Y. C.; Schoenmakers, Remco] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [May, Keith] Triune Software, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Jackson, Mike] Innovat Management & Technol Serv, Fairmount, WA USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] United Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2135 EP 2143 DI 10.1021/ma702232f PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 276HZ UT WOS:000254133200033 ER PT J AU Adams, AG Rahaman, MN Dutton, RE AF Adams, A. G. Rahaman, M. N. Dutton, R. E. TI Microstructure of dense thin sheets of gamma-TiAl fabricated by hot isostatic pressing of tape-cast monotapes SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE gamma titanium aluminide; thin sheet; tape-casting; hot isostatic pressing ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; HOMOGENIZATION; ALLOY AB A powder metallurgy route based on hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of tape-cast monotapes was used for the direct fabrication of dense thin sheets (250-300 mu m thick) of gamma titanium aluminide (gamma-TiAl). Polarized light microscopy revealed a fine-grained microstructure (average grain size similar to 3 mu m) but a few isolated larger grains (similar to 20 mu m) were also present. The primarily metastable alpha(2) microstructure of the rapidly solidified starting powder transformed to the equilibrium near-gamma microstructure during HIP at 1100 degrees C. Chemical analysis revealed that the dense sheet had a carbon content of 0, 13 wt.%, which was only 0.04 wt.% higher than that of the starting powder, but the oxygen content was significantly higher, presumably introduced during the decanning step. The hardness measured using Vickers microindentation technique was 384 +/- 9 HV. Manipulation of the as-HIPed microstructure was performed by heating for up to 1 h in flowing argon at temperatures (1170-1385 degrees C) below and above the alpha transus (1355 degrees C). Below 1250 degrees C, limited grain growth and no discernable change in the as-HIPed (near-gamma) microstructure occurred. Sheets heated to 1320 degrees C and 1365 degrees C had a duplex microstructure of gamma and alpha(2) grains, with some lamellar grains. Except for a thin surface layer (20-30 mu m thick), the microstructure of the heat-treated sheet was uniform, but a fully lamellar microstructure was not achieved even after heating for I h at 1385 degrees C. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, A. G.; Rahaman, M. N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Dutton, R. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rahaman, MN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM rahaman@umr.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 477 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.006 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 285MH UT WOS:000254780400020 ER PT J AU Look, DC Claflin, B Smith, HE AF Look, D. C. Claflin, B. Smith, H. E. TI Origin of conductive surface layer in annealed ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The highly conductive surface layers found in nearly all as-grown or annealed bulk ZnO wafers are studied by temperature-dependent Hall-effect and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements. In this work, we have used annealing in N(2) at 900 degrees C, and forming gas (5% H(2) in N(2)) at 600 degrees C, to cause a large enough surface conduction that SIMS measurements can be reliably employed. The increased near-surface donor density, as determined from two-layer Hall-effect modeling, is consistent with an increased near-surface concentration of Al, Ga, and In atoms, resulting from diffusion. There is no evidence for participation of any donors involving H. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Look, D. C.; Claflin, B.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Smith, H. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Look, D. C.; Claflin, B.; Smith, H. E.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 AR 122108 DI 10.1063/1.2903505 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 281PJ UT WOS:000254510300046 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Gao, C AF Lu, Yalin Gao, Chen TI Optical limiting in lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate multilayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; LOCALIZATION; SRBI2TA2O9 AB Optical limiting in highly oriented lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate multilayers has been investigated at both 1.064 and 0.532 mu m wavelengths. Limiting thresholds for three such multilayers having periods of 20, 106, and 218 nm, respectively, were determined at the level similar to 220 mu J/pulse for 1.064 mu m and similar to 150 mu J/pulse for 0.532 mu m. Nonlinear optical scattering from domain walls was used to explain the observed limiting behavior. Possible formation of nonlinear refraction grating was also discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lu, Yalin] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Gao, Chen] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Gao, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu RI 高, 琛/F-7537-2010 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 12 AR 121109 DI 10.1063/1.2902318 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 281PJ UT WOS:000254510300009 ER PT J AU Young, SL Denton, RE Anderson, BJ Hudson, MK AF Young, S. L. Denton, R. E. Anderson, B. J. Hudson, M. K. TI Magnetic field line curvature induced pitch angle diffusion in the inner magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT; TRAPPING BOUNDARY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; ELECTRONS; MODEL; MAGNETOTAIL; MOTION; PLASMA; WAVES AB We study magnetic field line curvature (FLC) pitch angle scattering as a detrapping mechanism in the inner magnetosphere. In this region, changes in pitch angle from individual scattering events are usually small which allows us to use the diffusion approximation. Previous studies that have used the diffusion approximation simply calculated rough decay rates which were based either on inverse diffusion coefficients or the strong diffusion limit. Here we calculate FLC diffusion coefficients for a dipole field and use eigenfunction analysis to model the long-term behavior of particle distributions in a quiet time inner magnetosphere. The resulting pitch angle distributions are given and their decay periods are used to explore energy thresholds. Our calculations predict that the long-term pitch angle distributions are sharply peaked near 90 degrees when the adiabaticity parameter epsilon less than or similar to 1/3, but they broaden as epsilon increases. This dependence is consistent with the expectation that at large epsilon the pitch angle distribution will become isotropic. Because the change in pitch angle for individual particles depends strongly on epsilon, a threshold in epsilon is often used to demarcate the onset of nonadiabatic single particle motion. Although the distribution decay rates calculated here are also strongly dependent on epsilon, we find that a realistic description of the division between static and diffusive regimes must account for the local bounce frequency. C1 [Young, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Denton, R. E.; Hudson, M. K.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Young, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 464,Room 404, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM shawn.young.2@us.af.mil; richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu; brian.anderson@jhuapl.edu; mary.k.hudson@dartmouth.edu RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Young, Shawn/M-3601-2016 OI Young, Shawn/0000-0001-9592-8095 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A3 AR A03210 DI 10.1029/2006JA012133 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281VP UT WOS:000254527300001 ER PT J AU Basun, SA Cook, G Evans, DR AF Basun, S. A. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. TI Direct temperature dependence measurements of dark conductivity and two-beam coupling in LiNbO3 : Fe SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE LITHIUM-NIOBATE; HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE; CRYSTALS; IRON; INSTABILITIES; TRANSMISSION; TIME AB Direct measurements of dark conductivity were conducted over a broad temperature range in LiNbO3:Fe. These measurements were performed on a series of crystals, which were cut from the same boule and subjected to different annealing procedures (oxidized, reduced, and as-grown). Activation energies of 0.5 eV and 1.1 eV were extracted from Arrhenius plots of the dark conductivity data. The location of the Fe2+ energy level in the band gap was determined, and is in agreement with Born's principle. A correlation between the Maxwell relaxation times and the onset of a temperature-dependent reduction in two-beam coupling efficiency was observed. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basun, S. A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, RAS, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Cook, G.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3993 EP 4000 DI 10.1364/OE.16.003993 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 276DL UT WOS:000254121400057 PM 18542497 ER PT J AU Cook, G Glushchenko, AV Reshetnyak, V Griffith, AT Saleh, MA Evans, DR AF Cook, G. Glushchenko, A. V. Reshetnyak, V. Griffith, A. T. Saleh, M. A. Evans, D. R. TI Nanoparticle doped organic-inorganic hybrid photorefractives SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-GAIN; PRE-TILT; LIQUID; AMPLIFICATION; LIGHT AB The gain characteristics of liquid crystal photorefractive cells doped with ferroelectric nanoparticles has been measured. The liquid crystal two beam coupling gain is found to reverse in sign and increase in magnitude through the addition of ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles, yielding gain coefficients up to 1100 cm(-1) in the Bragg regime. We attribute the novel effects of gain reversal and magnitude increase to interactions between the ferroelectric particles' spontaneous polarization and the local liquid crystal flexopolarization. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Cook, G.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Glushchenko, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Reshetnyak, V.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Griffith, A. T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Saleh, M. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 4015 EP 4022 DI 10.1364/OE.16.004015 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 276DL UT WOS:000254121400059 PM 18542499 ER PT J AU Weyburne, DW AF Weyburne, David W. TI A mathematical description of the fluid boundary layer (vol 175, pg 1675, 2006) SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, AFRL, SNHX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Weyburne, DW (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, SNHX, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM David.Weyburne@hanscom.af NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 197 IS 1 BP 466 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2007.06.018 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 277ZT UT WOS:000254253900046 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Smith, BD Giordano, SH Shih, YCT Woodward, WA Strom, EA Perkins, GH Tereffe, W Yu, TK Buchholz, TA AF Smith, Grace L. Smith, Benjamin D. Giordano, Sharon H. Shih, Ya Chen T. Woodward, Wendy A. Strom, Eric A. Perkins, George H. Tereffe, Welela Yu, Tse Kuan Buchholz, Thomas A. TI Risk of hypothyroidism in older breast cancer patients treated with radiation SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; hypothyroidism; radiation; late effects; survivorship ID THYROID-DYSFUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; NECK-CANCER; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; POPULATION; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND. Hypothyroidism is a potential complication after radiation therapy (RT) when treatment fields include the thyroid. The authors assessed risk of hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients who were receiving RT to a supraclavicular field, which typically includes a portion of thyroid. METHODS. The authors identified 38,255 women (aged > 65) without history of hypothyroidism from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)Medicare cohort diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer from 1992-2002 and 111,944 cancer-free controls. The authors compared hypothyroidism incidence among irradiated patients with 4 + positive lymph nodes (4 + LN, surrogate for supraclavicular RT) and no positive nodes (0 LN, surrogate for no supraclavicular RT), nonirradiated patients, and controls. Proportional hazards models tested associations of LN, RT, and breast cancer status with hypothyroidism. RESULTS. The 5-year incidence of hypothyroidism was identical (14%) in irradiated patients with 4 + LN, 0 LN, and nonirradiated patients (P = .52). After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, hypothyroidism risk was not increased in irradiated patients with 4 + LN versus 0 LN (hazard ratio(HR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (0), 0.89-1.23). However, all patients, regardless of RT status, were more likely to be diagnosed with hypothyroidism compared with cancer-free controls (HR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.17-1.25). CONCLUSIONS. Development of hypothyroidism is fairly common in older breast cancer survivors. Although supraclavicular irradiation does not appear to amplify risks, further studies on the role of routine thyroid function monitoring in all breast cancer patients regardless of treatment status may be warranted, given the excess risks compared with the general population. C1 [Smith, Grace L.; Giordano, Sharon H.; Strom, Eric A.; Perkins, George H.; Tereffe, Welela; Yu, Tse Kuan; Buchholz, Thomas A.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Radiat Oncol, Unit 97, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Shih, Ya Chen T.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Sect Hlth Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Buchholz, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Radiat Oncol, Unit 97, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbuchhol@mdanderson.org OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1379 DI 10.1002/cncr.23307 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 274QP UT WOS:000254016200022 PM 18213620 ER PT J AU Jupelli, M Guentzel, MN Meier, PA Zhong, GM Murthy, AK Arulanandam, BP AF Jupelli, Madhulika Guentzel, M. Neal Meier, Patricia A. Zhong, Guangming Murthy, Ashlesh K. Arulanandam, Bernard P. TI Endogenous IFN-gamma production is induced and required for protective immunity against pulmonary chlamydial infection in neonatal mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; GENE KNOCKOUT MICE; T-CELL IMMUNITY; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; VIRUS-INFECTION; DEFICIENT MICE; TRACHOMATIS; PNEUMONIA; RESPONSES AB Chlamydia trachomatis infection in neonates, not adults, has been associated with the development of chronic respiratory sequelae. Adult chlamydial infections induce Th1-type responses that subsequently clear the infection, whereas the neonatal immune milieu in general has been reported to be biased toward Th2-type responses. We examined the protective immune responses against intranasal Chlamydia muridarum challenge in 1-day-old C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Infected C57BL/6 pups displayed earlier chlamydial clearance (day 14) compared with BALB/c pups (day 21). However, challenged C57BL/6 pups exhibited prolonged deficits in body weight gain (days 12-30) compared with BALB/c pups (days 9-12), which correlated with continual pulmonary cellular infiltration. Both strains exhibited a robust Th1-type response, including elevated titers of serum antichlamydial IgG2a and IgG2b, not IgG1, and elevated levels of splenic C. muridarum-specific IFN-gamma, not IL-4, production. Additionally, elevated IFN-gamma, not IL-4 expression, was observed locally in the infected lungs of both mouse strains. The immune responses in C57BL/6 pups were significantly greater compared with BALB/c pups after chlamydial challenge. Importantly, infected mice deficient in IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma receptor demonstrated enhanced chiamydial dissemination, and 100% of animals died by 2 wk postchallenge. Collectively, these results indicate that neonatal pulmonary chlamydial infection induces a robust Th1-type response, with elevated pulmonary IFN-gamma production, and that endogenous IFN-gamma is important in protection against this infection. The enhanced IFN-gamma induction in the immature neonatal lung also may be relevant to the development of respiratory sequelae in adult life. C1 [Jupelli, Madhulika; Guentzel, M. Neal; Murthy, Ashlesh K.; Arulanandam, Bernard P.] Univ Texas San Antonio, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Meier, Patricia A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Zhong, Guangming] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Arulanandam, BP (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Biol, 1 Univ Texas San Antonio Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Bernard.arulanandam@utsa.edu RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM008194-24] NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 180 IS 6 BP 4148 EP 4155 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 324GS UT WOS:000257506600064 PM 18322226 ER PT J AU Thokchom, JS Xiao, H Rottmayer, A Reitz, TL Kumar, B AF Thokchom, J. S. Xiao, H. Rottmayer, A. Reitz, T. L. Kumar, B. TI Heterogeneous electrolyte (YSZ-Al2O3) based direct oxidation solid oxide fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE yttria stabilized zirconia; alumina; composite; tape cast; membrane; microstructure; ionic conductivity; power density ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE SOFCS; ANODES; PERFORMANCE; INTERLAYERS; HYDROCARBON AB Bilayers comprised of dense and porous YSZ-Al2O3 (20 wt%) composite were tape cast, processed, and then fabricated into working solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The porous part of the bilayer was converted into anode for direct oxidation of fuels by infiltrating CeO2 and Cu. The cathode side of the bilayer was coated with an interlayer [YSZ-Al2O3 (20 wt%)]: LSM (1: 1) and LSM as cathode. Several button cells were evaluated under hydrogen/air and propane/air atmospheres in intermediate temperature range and their performance data were analyzed. For the first time the feasibility of using YSZ-Al2O3 material for fabricating working SOFCs with high open circuit voltage (OCV) and power density is demonstrated. AC impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the membrane and cell. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thokchom, J. S.; Kumar, B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Xiao, H.] UES Corp, Aerosp Power & Prop, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rottmayer, A.; Reitz, T. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wrighrt Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM kumarb@udri.udayton.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 277LV UT WOS:000254215000004 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Nelson, RL Haus, JW Zhan, Q AF Wu, Zhi Nelson, Robert L. Haus, Joseph W. Zhan, Qiwen TI Plasmonic electro-optic modulator design using a resonant metal grating SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-MODULATOR AB A plasmonic electro-optic modulator design using an evanescently coupled resonant metal grating is numerically studied in this Letter. Owing to excitation and propagation of long-range surface plasmons between the metal grating nanowires, a deep and narrow reflection dip can be obtained. Improved modulation performance is achieved through decreased damping from large dielectric gaps between the grating nanowires. An optimized electro-optic modulator design with lower insertion loss and low operating voltage is presented. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Wu, Zhi; Haus, Joseph W.; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Opt Elect Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, Q (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Opt Elect Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 551 EP 553 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000551 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 287HI UT WOS:000254907500007 PM 18347706 ER PT J AU Friedman, JF Miller, TM Friedman-Schaffer, JK Viggiano, AA Rekha, GK Stevens, AE AF Friedman, Jeffrey F. Miller, Thomas M. Friedman-Schaffer, Jessica K. Viggiano, A. A. Rekha, G. K. Stevens, Amy E. TI Electron attachment to Ni(PF(3))(4) and Pt(PF(3))(4) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRIFLUOROPHOSPHINE COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; DENSITY; PHASE; SF6; DETACHMENT; DEPOSITION AB An experimental study has been made of thermal electron attachment to the transition-metal trifluorophosphine complexes Ni(PF(3))(4) and Pt(PF(3))(4) using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. Both complexes are efficient at electron attachment, although the rate constants are somewhat less than collisional. The rate constant for electron attachment to Ni(PF(3))(4) is 1.9x10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) at room temperature, about a factor of 2 less than collisional. The activation energy is 39 +/- 5 meV for the attachment reaction. The rate constant for electron attachment to Pt(PF(3))(4) is 5.4x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at room temperature, and the activation energy is 84 +/- 8 meV. For both complexes, a PF(3) ligand is lost on electron attachment, and only the M(PF(3))(3)(-) ion is observed in the negative-ion mass spectrum. Density functional calculations were carried out on Ni(PF(3))(4) and various fragments in order to describe the thermochemistry of the attachment reaction. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman-Schaffer, Jessica K.; Rekha, G. K.; Stevens, Amy E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Rekha, G. K.; Stevens, Amy E.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Friedman, JF (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM jeff@prtc.net NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 10 AR 104303 DI 10.1063/1.2831391 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 274TV UT WOS:000254025300016 PM 18345884 ER PT J AU Peng, Q Park, K Lin, T Durstock, M Dai, LM AF Peng, Qiang Park, Kuyson Lin, Tong Durstock, Michael Dai, Liming TI Donor-pi-acceptor conjugated copolymers for photovoltaic applications: Tuning the open-circuit voltage by adjusting the donor/acceptor ratio SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; ALTERNATING POLYFLUORENE COPOLYMER; FULLERENE BULK HETEROJUNCTION; POLYTHIOPHENE; EFFICIENCY; MOIETIES; DERIVATIVES; MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB A class of new conjugated copolymers containing a donor (thiophene)-acceptor (2-pyran-4-ylidene-malononitrile) was synthesized via Stille coupling polymerization. The resulting copolymers were characterized by H-1 NMR, elemental analysis, GPC, TGA, and DSC. UV-vis spectra indicated that the increase in the content of the thiophene units increased the interaction between the polymer main chains to cause a red-shift in the optical absorbance. Cyclic voltammetry was used to estimate the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the band gap (E-g) of the copolymers. The basic electronic structures of the copolymers were also studied by DFT calculations with the GGA/B3LYP function. Both the experimental and the calculated results indicated an increase in the HOMO energy level with increasing the content of thiophene units, whereas the corresponding change in the LUMO energy level was much smaller. Polymer photovoltaic cells of a bulk heterojunction were fabricated with the structure of ITO/PEDOT/PSS (30 nm)/copolymer-PCBM blend (70 nm)/Ca (8 nm)/Al (140 nm). It was found that the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) increased (up to 0.93 V) with a decrease in the content of thiophene units. Although the observed power convention efficiency is still relatively low (up to 0.9%), the corresponding low fill factor (0.29) indicates considerable room for further improvement in the device performance. These results provided a novel concept for developing high V-oc photovoltaic cells based on donor-pi-acceptor conjugated copolymers by adjusting the donor/acceptor ratio. C1 [Peng, Qiang; Park, Kuyson; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lin, Tong] Deakin Univ, Ctr Mat & Fibre Innovat, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. [Durstock, Michael] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sch Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu RI Lin, Tong/A-3505-2008 OI Lin, Tong/0000-0002-1003-0671 NR 43 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 13 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 10 BP 2801 EP 2808 DI 10.1021/jp7105428 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 271JM UT WOS:000253784700009 PM 18281978 ER PT J AU Lee, MC Pradipta, R Burke, WJ Labno, A Burton, LM Cohen, JA Dorfman, SE Coster, AJ Sulzer, MP Kuo, SP AF Lee, M. C. Pradipta, R. Burke, W. J. Labno, A. Burton, L. M. Cohen, J. A. Dorfman, S. E. Coster, A. J. Sulzer, M. P. Kuo, S. P. TI Did tsunami-launched gravity waves trigger ionospheric turbulence over Arecibo? (vol 113, art A01302, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Lee, M. C.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lee, M. C.; Pradipta, R.; Labno, A.; Burton, L. M.; Cohen, J. A.; Dorfman, S. E.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burke, W. J.] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Coster, A. J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Sulzer, M. P.] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. [Kuo, S. P.] Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Lee, MC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A3 AR A03399 DI 10.1029/2008JA013044 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 276UM UT WOS:000254168800004 ER PT J AU Romick, BG McGlasson, DL Rubal, BJ Hall, W AF Romick, Benjamin G. McGlasson, David L. Rubal, Bernard J. Hall, Wilford TI Comparison of a chromogenic factor X assay to international normalized ratio for monitoring oral anticoagulation therapy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10 SU A BP A282 EP A282 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 274JH UT WOS:000253997102115 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Spanel, P Smith, D Bopp, JC Troe, J AF Van Doren, Jane M. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. Spanel, Patrik Smith, David Bopp, Joseph C. Troe, Juergen TI Experimental and theoretical investigation of electron attachment to SF(5)Cl SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR BOND FISSION; RATE CONSTANTS K(E,J); ION FLOW TUBE; MOLECULES; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ANIONS; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURES; GAUSSIAN-3; COLLISIONS AB Thermal electron attachment to SF(5)Cl has been studied with the flowing afterglow Langmuir probe technique. The rate coefficient is moderate, 4.8(+/- 1.2)x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), and invariant with temperature over the temperature range of 300-550 K. The reaction is dissociative, forming mainly SF(5)(-)+Cl. Minor yields of Cl(-) and FCl(-) were also found. The yields of the minor channels increase slightly with temperature. Statistical unimolecular rate modeling is employed to elucidate the character of the dissociation pathways and to support the assumption that the dissociations involve the formation of metastable anionic SF(5)Cl(-). (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Van Doren, Jane M.] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AF Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Spanel, Patrik] Acad Sci Czech Republic, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CR-18223 Prague, Czech Republic. [Smith, David] Keele Univ, Postgrad Med Sch, Ctr Sci & Technol Med, Stoke On Trent ST4 7QB, Staffs, England. [Bopp, Joseph C.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM jvandoren@holycross.edu RI Smith, David/A-3622-2010; Spanel, Patrik/B-6574-2008 OI Spanel, Patrik/0000-0002-9868-8282 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 9 AR 094309 DI 10.1063/1.2831767 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 271AP UT WOS:000253761600019 PM 18331095 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, Jane M. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI G3 and density functional theory investigations of the structures and energies of SF(n)Cl (n=0-5) and their anions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; THERMOCHEMISTRY; AFFINITIES; IONIZATION; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; SF5CF3; ATOMS; SF6 AB Computations of structures and total energies have been carried out for neutral and anionic SF(n)Cl (n=0-5), using the composite G3 method and density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level. The total energies and zero-point energies have been used here to derive electron affinities, bond dissociation energies, and heats of formation. In addition, vibrational frequencies, polarizabilities, and dipole moments are reported. Results are compared with earlier work for SF(m) (m=1-6) and demonstrate how the relatively weak S-Cl bond and reduced symmetry influence the properties of these molecules and anions. Comparisons are also made between G3 and DFT results for SF(n)Cl. Of particular interest is the alternating pattern of agreement between calculated electron affinity values with n. These calculations also provide critical energetic data needed to understand experimental measurements of electron attachment to SF(5)Cl [Van Doren , J. Chem. Phys. 128, 094309 (2008)] for which numerous ion products have been reported in the literature at low electron energy. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Van Doren, Jane M.] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AF Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM jvandoren@holycross.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 9 AR 094310 DI 10.1063/1.2831770 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 271AP UT WOS:000253761600020 PM 18331096 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Pachter, R AF Akdim, Brahim Pachter, Ruth TI Switching behavior in pi-conjugated molecules bridging nonmetallic electrodes: A density functional theory study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SOLIDS AB We report a first-principles study to investigate the switching behavior in a nitro-oligo(phenylene ethylene) molecule bridged between a silicon slab and a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) mat. Our results suggest that the switching in the device may be driven by conformational changes in the molecule upon the application of an electric field. In addition, we find that the nature of the contact at the interface of the SWCNT mat plays an important role in the switching. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brahim.Akdim@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 6 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 9 BP 3170 EP 3174 DI 10.1021/jp7110132 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 267MF UT WOS:000253512400003 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Cook, MC Beason, CW AF Jauchem, James R. Cook, Michael C. Beason, Charles W. TI Blood factors of Sus scrofa following a series of three TASER (R) electronic control device exposures SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE blood; electric injuries; electronic weapons; acidosis; TASER ID EXERCISE; STRESS; MYOGLOBIN; WALKING; PLASMA; PIGS AB In a previous study, 18 repeated exposures of anaesthetized swine to an electro-muscular incapacitating device (TASER Inter-national's ADVANCED TASER(R) X26 electronic control device) resulted in acidosis and increases in blood electrolytes. In the current study, experiments were performed to investigate effects of a more typical scenario of repeated exposures of the device on muscle contraction and changes in blood factors. Ten swine were exposed for 5 s, followed by a 5-s period of no exposure, three times. Selected blood factors were monitored for 3 h following exposure. Transient increases in blood glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and pCO(2) were consistent with previous reports in the literature dealing with studies of muscle stimulation or exercise. Blood pH was decreased immediately following exposure, but subsequently returned toward a normal level. Oxygen saturation (measured by pulse oximetry) was not changed significantly. In conclusion, three repeated TASER device exposures had only transient effects on blood factors, which all returned to pre-exposure levels, with the exception of hematocrit (which remained elevated after 3 h). Since the increase in this factor was less than that which may occur after short periods of exercise, it is unlikely that this would be an indicator of any serious harm. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Jauchem, James R.; Cook, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Beason, Charles W.] Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Engn Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAR 5 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2-3 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.010 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 279SN UT WOS:000254375000014 PM 17630236 ER PT J AU Li, G Burggraf, L AF Li, Guangming Burggraf, LarryW TI Surface stress influences on nanopatterns formed in polystyrene films using a force-modulated nanohammer SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; MICROSCOPY; FRICTION; SIZE AB Two-dimensional lattices of nanodots can be reproducibly produced on polymer surfaces by a biaxial stress field generated using a force-modulated atomic force microscope tip as a nanohammer. Molecular sized super-lattice nanostructures were previously formed by a combination of fundamental and harmonic modulation of surface stress waves in different scanning directions. We find that similar super-lattice structures can be formed in polystyrene films using only fundamental force modulation by taking advantage of elastic interactions between nearby nanoridges. Influences of the initial nanoridge size and the molecular weight of polystyrene on the formation of simple lattice patterns and complex nanometer-scale super-lattice patterns were studied. C1 [Li, Guangming; Burggraf, LarryW] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, G (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lburggra@afit.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 5 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 AR 095301 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/9/095301 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 276WH UT WOS:000254173900003 PM 21817665 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the uterus SO ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PEComa; perivascular epithelioid cell tumors; epithelioid angiomyolipoma; clear cell myomelanocytic tumor; uterus; HMB-45 ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE TUMORS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; CYTOPLASMIC STAINING PATTERN; SARCOMA MALIGNANT PECOMA; MYOMELANOCYTIC TUMOR; SUGAR TUMOR; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; NEURAL CREST; SOFT-TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AB The uterus and retroperitoneum have emerged as the most frequently reported anatomic sites of origin of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas), a poorly defined neoplasm that is characterized by varying amounts of spindle and epithelioid cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm that display immunoreactivity for melanocytic markers, most frequently HMB-45. Published reports on 41 previously reported uterine PEComas are reviewed in this report. Of these 41 cases, 31 originating in the corpus and for which there was adequate follow-tip information (or clinical malignancy) were categorized into 2 groups: (1) a malignant group that was comprised of cases associated with patient death of disease and/or clinical malignancy as evidenced by local and/or distant extension outside of the uterus (n = 13, group 1) and (2) a "nonmalignant" group of cases in which neither of the above features were present (n = 18, group 2). Groups I and 2 did not significantly differ regarding duration of follow-up (25mo vs. 24.3mo, respectively, P=0.9) or patient age (45.61y vs. 43.46y, respectively, P = 0.7). Five of the group I patients experienced distant (extra-abdominal) metastases. The group I tumors were significantly larger than the group 2 tumors (averages 9.6cm vs. 4.67cm respectively, P = 0.04); however, there were no size thresholds that, in of themselves, reliably classified 75% or more of the cases in both groups. Coagulative necrosis was highly associated with group 1, being present in 82% of cases as compared with only 11.8% of group 2 cases (P = 0.0002). Eighty-eight percent of the group 2 cases had a mitotic rate of <= 1/10 high power fields (HPF) as compared with 40% of group I cases (P = 0.01). However, the absence of mitotic activity did not rule out malignancy, as 2 of the group 1 cases lacked mitotic activity and displayed metastases. Twenty-five percent, 49%, 56%, 73%, and 100% of tested cases displayed immunoreactivity for CD10, desmin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and caldesmon, respectively. PEComas are tumors of uncertain histogenesis and malignant potential that seem to display some morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with smooth muscle neoplasia. A mitotic count of > 1/10HPF and/or coagulative necrosis are features that, if present, raise the definite potential for aggressive behavior. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 127 TC 43 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1072-4109 EI 1533-4031 J9 ADV ANAT PATHOL JI Adv. Anat. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1097/PAP.0b013e31816613b0 PG 13 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 271MR UT WOS:000253793000001 PM 18418088 ER PT J AU Ratnesar-Shumate, S Wu, CY Wander, J Lundgren, D Farrah, S Lee, JH Wanakule, P Blackburn, M Lan, MF AF Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna Wu, Chang-Yu Wander, Joe Lundgren, Dale Farrah, Sam Lee, Jin-Hwa Wanakule, Prinda Blackburn, Matthew Lan, Mei-Fang TI Evaluation of physical capture efficiency and disinfection capability of an iodinated biocidal filter medium SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioaerosol; disinfection; filtration; iodine; pressure drag ID WATER DISINFECTANT; N95 RESPIRATORS; SURGICAL MASKS; BACTERIAL; PERFORMANCE; COMPLEX; KINETICS; DEMAND; ION AB Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)-4-(methyltrimethylammonium) triiodide (PMT) has recently been applied onto nonwoven air filter media to purportedly combine filtration and iodine disinfection to achieve enhanced attenuation of viable airborne pathogens without aggravating the pressure drop of the medium. This paper reports and compares the physical capture efficiency and biological removal efficiency of the novel biocidal filter medium. During challenges with inert fluorescent particles, both iodine-treated and untreated media displayed statistically equivalent physical capture efficiencies > 97%, and typically > 99%. The pressure drag (3.2 kPa.s/m) was less than 10% that of a glass fiber HEPA (38 kPa.s/m) medium. Biological disinfection by the media was evaluated using aerosols containing M. luteus and E. coli vegetative bacterial cells. Biological removal efficiency (99.997%) was observed to be two logs greater than inert particle capture. Viable penetration through the biocidal filters was observed in only two of 10 experiments. The results suggest that an antimicrobial-coated filter medium can provide effective protection against airborne pathogens with a significantly lower pressure drop than that imposed by conventional high-efficiency filtration systems. A near-contact mechanism is proposed in which the distances of nearest approach to treated fiber surfaces as a microbe penetrates through the filter define the probability that charge sites on the microbe's surface will capture enough iodine molecules from triiodide complexes at the surfaces to terminate viability. C1 [Wu, Chang-Yu; Lundgren, Dale; Lee, Jin-Hwa] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wander, Joe] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Farrah, Sam] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wanakule, Prinda] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Blackburn, Matthew] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lan, Mei-Fang] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Davis, CA USA. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cywu@ufl.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F08637-02-C-7030]; National Science Foundation FX This study was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. F08637-02-C-7030. We would also like to thank the following people for their contributions: Dr. Jean Andino, Arizona State University and the Science Partners for Inquiry Based Learning University of Florida, National Science Foundation for partially providing graduate funding; Dr. George Lukasik, UF Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, for providing cells and protocols; Dr. Ben Koopman, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, for providing cells. Finally we are sincerely grateful to the peer reviewer for many constructive suggestions. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 342MJ UT WOS:000258787900001 ER PT J AU Moorman, TS AF Moorman, Thomas S., Jr. TI Military space - its origins and future SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Moorman, Thomas S., Jr.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Moorman, TS (reprint author), Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 272XJ UT WOS:000253894700010 ER PT J AU Hamilton, HH Kurdila, AJ Jammulamadaka, AK AF Hamilton, Howard H. Kurdila, Andrew J. Jammulamadaka, Anand K. TI Switched dynamic systems for reduced-order flow modeling SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 21-24, 2006 CL Keystone, CO ID DRIVEN CAVITY; FLUID-MECHANICS AB We develop a family of reduced-order models for the modeling and control of a flow system operating under varying fluid and actuation parameters. The parametric subspaces of the reduced-order models are formed by considering the angle between the reduced-order subspaces that span the velocity fields. This grouping is combined with a discrete switching law to form a switched dynamic system composed of a set of reduced-order models. This methodology is applied to the modeling of a lid-driven cavity under varying translation velocities. and phase differentials between the upper and lower walls. It-is shown that the subspace angle metric successfully partitions the parametric space and provides insight on the dominant parameters that characterize the flowfields. An open-loop simulation of the resulting switched dynamic system demonstrates its ability to capture the evolution of the flow and input parameters as it occurs in the full-order model. C1 [Hamilton, Howard H.] USAF, Guidance Navigat & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kurdila, Andrew J.; Jammulamadaka, Anand K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hamilton, HH (reprint author), USAF, Guidance Navigat & Control Branch, Aeglin Airforce Base, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 664 EP 672 DI 10.2514/1.28896 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 266AL UT WOS:000253403200011 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Roy, AK AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Roy, A. K. TI Circular inhomogeneity with viscoelastic interface under antiplane shear SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS; STRESS; DEFORMATION; BIMATERIAL; RELAXATION; IMPERFECT AB This investigation addresses in detail a circular inhomogeneity with a viscoelastic interface subjected to remote uniform antiplane shear stresses. Both the inhomogeneity and the surrounding matrix are assumed to be elastic and quasi static, and the interface is viscoelastic, modeled by a linear spring and dashpot. Exact closed-form solutions for both the Kelvin- and Maxwell-type viscoelastic interfaces are obtained by means of the complex variable method. It is observed that when the matrix is subjected to remote uniform shear stresses, the stress field inside the inhomogeneity, although time-dependent, is still uniform. The derived solutions are then used to predict the time-dependent effective shear modulus of the composite based on the Mori-Tanaka mean-field approximation. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Roy, A. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM xuwang@uakron.edu; pan2@uakron.edu; Ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.2514/1.33983 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 266AL UT WOS:000253403200021 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Ragot, BR AF Kahler, S. W. Ragot, B. R. TI Remote sensing of gamma-ray emission from solar energetic proton interactions with the solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : theory; solar wind; Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID 1982 JUNE 3; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SUNGRAZING COMETS; PARTICLE EVENTS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; PION-DECAY; FLARES; ACCELERATION; RADIATION; LINES AB The properties of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in solar flares are studied through remote imaging in the radio, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray energy ranges. However, the heliospheric SEP populations are observed only in situ by satellite measurements, which drastically limits our understanding of their spatial and temporal variations. Can those SEP populations be remotely imaged, as are the solar SEPs? We consider two possibilities for detecting faint gamma-ray emission from SEP interactions with solar wind (SW) ions. First, the 6.13 and 4.44 MeV gamma-ray lines of O-16 and C-12, respectively, produced by the interactions of the SEPs from a large low-energy (E < 30 MeV) gradual event are calculated and found to be far below a detectable level. Then the expected pi(0)-decay gamma-ray emission is calculated for the intense ground-level event (GLE) of 2005 January 20 and compared with (1) the observed Galactic and extragalactic background and (2) the expected near-solar emission from inverse-Compton scattering of solar photons by cosmic-ray electrons and from Galactic cosmic-ray collisions with the solar atmosphere. It appears feasible to detect the pi(0)-decay emission from that event with a detector of the size of the Large Area Telescope on GLAST. Earlier 1982 and 1991 flare observations of long-duration (hours) pi(0)-decays were attributed to E > 300 MeV protons captured in strong coronal loops, but we suggest that the observed emission was due to SEP-SW collisions following shock acceleration on open field lines. C1 [Kahler, S. W.; Ragot, B. R.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 846 EP 852 DI 10.1086/526416 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000063 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Fritsma, GA AF McGlasson, David L. Fritsma, George A. TI Comparison of four laboratory methods to assess aspirin sensitivity SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Accumetrics Verify/Now aspirin assay; aspirin; PFA-100; 11-dehydrothromboxane B-2; whole blood platelet aggregometry ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ISCHEMIC STROKE; HIGH-RISK; RESISTANCE; METAANALYSIS; HISTORY; DISEASE; DEATH; B-2 AB The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of four commercial platelet function assays to detect aspirin response in normal individuals taking 81 or 325 mg aspirin in a single-dose response and then in a 7-day dosing regimen. We employed the Chronolog 570VS whole-blood aggregometer with agonists 1.0 mu g/ml collagen and 0.5 mmol/I arachidonic acid, the PFA-100 epinephrine/ collagen cartridge closure time, the Accumetrics Verify/Now arachidonic acid cartridge, and the urine 11-dehydrothromboxane immunoassay normalized to urine creatinine. Fifty normal individuals who met the inclusion criteria were consented in the single-dose study. Blood and urine were collected at baseline, and then each participant was given a 81 mg enteric-coated aspirin tablet. Blood and urine were collected after 24 h. After a minimum of 14 days the process was repeated with a 325 mg aspirin dose. Forty-five individuals were enrolled in the 7-day study. Blood and urine were collected at baseline. Then each participant was given an 81 mg dose of aspirin daily for 7 days. After 7 days, blood and urine specimens were obtained and tested. After a minimum washout period of 14 days the process was repeated using a 7-day regimen of 325 mg enteric-coated aspirin tablet. Student's t-test indicated statistical significance between baseline and post responses in both dosing regimens (P<0.05). Individuals were not consistently identified as aspirin responsive across all platforms. All assays discriminated between platelet response and nonresponse to aspirin at both dosages. It may be necessary to employ multiple assays to detect individual platelet response. C1 [McGlasson, David L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fritsma, George A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol Serv, Birmingham, AL USA. RP McGlasson, DL (reprint author), CLS NCA,59MTG SGRL,2200 Berquist Dr,Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM david.mcglasson@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 266PT UT WOS:000253449300002 PM 18277132 ER PT J AU Rispoli, DM Sperling, JW Athwal, GS Wenger, DE Cofield, RH AF Rispoli, Damian M. Sperling, John W. Athwal, George S. Wenger, Doris E. Cofield, Robert H. TI Projection of the glenoid center point within the glenoid vault SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ANATOMY; SCAPULA AB Correct identification of the center point of the glenoid surface guides glenoid component placement. It is unknown whether the center point on the glenoid surface corresponds to the center of the glenoid vault at the medial extent of the glenoid prosthesis. We reviewed 20 consecutive computed tomography scans obtained preoperatively in patients with primary osteoarthritis. A glenoid center point was chosen on the glenoid surface and then projected back into the glenoid vault along the scapular axis and perpendicular to glenoid inclination. The difference from the projection of the glenoid surface center point to the center point at a 1.5-cm depth into the glenoid vault was then measured. The mean deviation of the glenoid center point at a depth of 15 cm from the center point at the glenoid articular surface was 1.7 mm anterior and 3.9 mm inferior. The most common deviation of the center point of the glenoid vault at the projected medial limit of the glenoid prosthesis was slightly anterior and inferior to the center point on the glenoid surface. Identifying the center of the glenoid surface coupled with alignment of the glenoid prosthesis in neutral version and anatomic inclination provides a reliable means to guide placement of glenoid components. C1 [Sperling, John W.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Rispoli, Damian M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Athwal, George S.; Cofield, Robert H.] Univ Western Ontario, St Josephs Hlth Care, Hand & Upper Limb Ctr, London, ON, Canada. [Wenger, Doris E.] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Sperling, JW (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM sperling.john@mayo.edu NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 466 IS 3 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1007/s11999-007-0087-1 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 267EQ UT WOS:000253492700010 PM 18264846 ER PT J AU Sierakowski, RL Telitchev, IY Zhupanska, EI AF Sierakowski, Robert L. Telitchev, Igor Ye. Zhupanska, Esya I. TI On the impact response of electrified carbon fiber polymer matrix composites: Effects of electric current intensity and duration SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); carbon fibers; impact behavior; damage tolerance; electro-thermo-mechanical coupling ID TEMPERATURE AB In this work, an investigation of the effects of an electric current on the low velocity impact response of carbon fiber polymer matrix unidirectional and cross-ply composites carrying an electric current is presented. Preliminary experimental results show that a short-term application of the DC electric current leads to an increase in the impact resistance of composites, whereas a, prolonged application of the current induces a significant heating in the electrified composites and has rather a detrimental effect. The analysis focuses on elucidating the roles of current intensity, duration, and associated current-induced heating in alteration of the composites response. The contributions of Joule heat and contact resistance heat are particularly highlighted. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhupanska, Esya I.] Univ Iowa, Seamans Ctr Engn Arts & Sci 2416A, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sierakowski, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Telitchev, Igor Ye.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Zhupanska, EI (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Seamans Ctr Engn Arts & Sci 2416A, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ozhupans@engineering.uiowa.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 639 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.09.019 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 269AK UT WOS:000253621700007 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Ganguli, S Roy, AK Qu, LT Dai, LM AF Sihn, Sangwook Ganguli, Sabyasachi Roy, Ajit K. Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming TI Enhancement of through-thickness thermal conductivity in adhesively bonded joints using aligned carbon nanotubes SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesive joints; nanostructures; thermal properties; finite element analysis (FEA); chemical vapour deposition (CVD) ID NANOFLUIDS; MANAGEMENT AB A concept of incorporating aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the adhesive layer has been demonstrated to enhance the through-thickness thermal conductivity in the adhesively bonded joints. Both numerical and experimental studies were performed to determine key components in improving the through-thickness thermal conductivity and to realize the improvement in an adhesively-jointed system. The numerical analysis indicated that the key components to improve the through-thickness thermal conductivity in the adhesive joints are using highly conductive vertically aligned nanotubes as well as the thermal conductivity and the size of a transition zone between the nanotube ends and surrounding matrix materials in the form of either the adhesive or adherends. Therefore, the thermal contact of the conductive phase (the MWNT in this case) with the adherent surfaces is essential to achieve the desirable through-thickness thermal conductivity in joints. This theoretical observation was demonstrated experimentally by using conductive graphite facesheets as adherends and the polymer adhesive layer with the aligned MWCNTs. To ensure the ends of the MWCNTs make thermal contact with the adherent surfaces, the surface of the adhesive with the MWCNTs were plasma-etched and coated with thin An layer, along with the surface of the graphite facesheet coated with thin Au-Pd layer. The measured value of the through-thickness thermal conductivity of the modified adhesive joint with the MWNCT was over 250 W/m K, which superseded the thermal conductivity of neat adhesive joint by several order of magnitudes. Thus the study demonstrates a new approach as well as opportunities of much needed thermal property tailoring in structural joints. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sihn, Sangwook] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ganguli, Sabyasachi] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@stanfordalumni.org NR 18 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 658 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.09.016 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 269AK UT WOS:000253621700009 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Kim, RY Huh, W Lee, KH Roy, AK AF Sihn, Sangwook Kim, Ran Y. Huh, Wansoo Lee, Kwang-Hoon Roy, Ajit K. TI Improvement of damage resistance in laminated composites with electrospun nano-interlayers SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrospinning; nanostructures; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); delamination; transverse cracking ID STRENGTH; MODEL AB An experimental study was conducted to study the improvement of damage resistance in laminated composites with the addition of electrospun nano-interlayers as the interleave material. The electrospinning process was utilized to fabricate nanofibers and nanofibril mats with and without the CNTs by using three thermoplastic polymers: polycarbonate, poly(phenylene oxide) and polystyrene. The optimal mixture ratio of the solvent and concentration of the CNTs was found to yield optimal fiber formation. It was observed that the fiber becomes thicker with the increase of polymer concentration and the CNT contents. Mechanical tests under Uniaxial tensile loading were carried out with a delamination-prone layup of [30/-30/90/90/-30/30](T) by placing the polycarbonate electrospun nanofibril mats at the interface between each ply. The difference in total thickness of the laminates with and without five nano-interlayers was less than 0.001 mm, which is negligibly thin. The stress levels at the first microcracking damage, delamination damage and ultimate load-drop increased by 8.4%, 8.1% and 9.8%, respectively, with the addition of the nano-interlayers as compared with the pristine specimens. The number of rnicrocracks decreased significantly with the addition of the nano-interlayers. The increase of the FPF strength with the nano-interlayers was analyzed with the Weibull statistical theory and the prediction agreed well with the experimental data. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sihn, Sangwook; Kim, Ran Y.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Huh, Wansoo; Lee, Kwang-Hoon] Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Seoul 156743, South Korea. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@stanfordalumni.org NR 10 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.09.015 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 269AK UT WOS:000253621700011 ER PT J AU Musolino, B Young, J Bunch, R Twehues, P Gootee, T Thiede, M McCormick, C Vowell, D Woo, JT AF Musolino, Bryan Young, James Bunch, Raymond Twehues, Paul Gootee, Timothy Thiede, Michael McCormick, Cheryl Vowell, David Woo, John T. TI Detection of super-adsorbent polymer in jet propulsion fuel using a sodium ion selective electrode SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB In 1996, the United States Air Force began using water-adsorbing filters in response to changes to the fuel additives being used. These filters were to provide a last means of water filtration before the fuel was placed on the aircraft. The principal component of the water-adsorbing filter is a membrane which contains either a sodium or potassium salt of a cross-linked polyacrylic polymer, commonly referred to as super-adsorbing polymer (SAP). When the SAP filters were used, a gelatinous substance was found downstream of the filters in both the fuel and water layers. This substance has been identified as polyacrylic polymer. It has been determined from analysis of postuse filters that the polymer salt has reverted to poly(acrylic acid) and thus potentially released a metallic cation into the fuel. A filter test apparatus, using a filter containing sodium-based polyacrylate, was used in varying situations to detect the sodium loss from the polymer. The most dramatic result occurred while using a jet propulsion fuel that had been injected with a 2% water slug containing military grade fuel additives. Within 30 min of flow, the fuel sodium level escalated from similar to 5 ppm sodium to 480 ppm sodium. Additionally, poly(acrylic acid) was detected outside the filter and in the water layer. The following two-stage experiment was designed to determine the release rate of the sodium cations into jet propulsion fuel and the chemical mechanism for the polymer decay. C1 [Musolino, Bryan; Bunch, Raymond; Twehues, Paul; Gootee, Timothy; Thiede, Michael; McCormick, Cheryl; Vowell, David] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Young, James] Def Logist Agcy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Woo, John T.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. RP Musolino, B (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Bryan.Musolino@us.af.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 1244 EP 1253 DI 10.1021/ef700549p PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 277BY UT WOS:000254188900075 ER PT J AU Telitchev, IY Sierakowski, RL Zhupanska, OI AF Telitchev, I. Ye. Sierakowski, R. L. Zhupanska, O. I. TI Low-velocity impact testing of electrified composites: Part I - Application of electric current SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 [Telitchev, I. Ye.] Univ Florida, UF REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. [Sierakowski, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Zhupanska, O. I.] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Telitchev, IY (reprint author), Univ Florida, UF REEF, Shalimar, FL USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2007.00223.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 279VJ UT WOS:000254382900006 ER PT J AU Moskver, KV AF Moskver, Katherine V. TI Register and genre in course design for advanced learners of Russian SO FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Rocky-Mountain-Modern-Language-Association Convention CY OCT, 2007 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Rocky Mountain Modern Language Assoc DE advanced language learners; course design; genre; heritage learners; register ID LANGUAGE LEARNERS; HERITAGE LEARNER; ESL AB This article explores the possibility of combining in the same course heritage learners who are borderline or seminative speakers with advanced language learners of Russian. After providing typology of advanced language learners in Russian and establishing that register and genre can be the focal point Of such a course, the article discusses the course design in terms of material selection in registers beyond the colloquial. Drawing on the systemic-functional approach, suggestions on teaching and learning strategies and on predominant modes of communication are offered. The article concludes that register and genre-based courses are beneficial for both heritage and advanced language learners in their use of Russian beyond the colloquial register. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Moskver, KV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COUNCIL TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES PI ALEXANDRIA PA 700 SOUTH WASHINGTON STREET, STE 210, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0015-718X J9 FOREIGN LANG ANN JI Foreign Lang. Ann. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 119 EP 131 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA 281EO UT WOS:000254479900008 ER PT J AU Daudi, S Wahl, H Kirschkigar, M Vandeven, N Rhode, J Griffith, K Liu, J AF Daudi, S. Wahl, H. Kirschkigar, M. Vandeven, N. Rhode, J. Griffith, K. Liu, J. TI P-mTOR and Glut-1: Metabolically targeted biomarkers in endometrial carcinoma SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Daudi, S.; Wahl, H.; Kirschkigar, M.; Vandeven, N.; Griffith, K.; Liu, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rhode, J.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3 SU 1 MA 161 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 271XO UT WOS:000253822200163 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Wang, SA Hileeto, D AF Fadare, Oluwole Wang, Sa A. Hileeto, Denise TI The expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: evidence of a basal-like subset? SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basal-like; cytokeratin 5/6; lobular carcinoma; breast; basal type; immunohistochemistry; estrogen receptor ID CANCER MOLECULAR SUBTYPES; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; DUCTAL CARCINOMA; BRAIN METASTASES; PHENOTYPE; CHEMOTHERAPY; TUMORS; GRADE; DIFFERENTIATION; SURVIVAL AB Analysis of gene expression profiling data on breast cancers has revealed "molecular subclasses" that may have prognostic significance. The "basal-like" breast cancers, one of these molecular subclasses, have been associated with a significantly worse overall and disease-free survival as compared with most of the other subclasses. Previous studies on basal-like cancers have been performed predominantly on the ductal histotype. This study was designed to evaluate the significance of the expression of cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, a commonly used surrogate marker for the basal-like phenotype, in invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs). The immunohistochemical expression of CK5/6, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, and E-cadherin was determined in a group of 82 consecutive archived ILCs diagnosed in 82 women (age range, 29-73 years; mean, 51.9 years). All cases were E-cadherin negative. CK5/6 was positive in 14 (17%) of 82 cases and was entirely negative in the remaining 68 cases (83%). In 8 of the 14 CK5/6[+] cases, staining was diffuse and intense. In the remaining 6 cases, staining was patchy (> 1 low-power field between positive areas) but still of high intensity. CK5/6[+] cases were significantly more likely than CK5/6[-] cases to be ER[-] (43% versus 0%, respectively, P < .0001). CK5/6[+] cases were also significantly more frequently of modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histologic grade 3, as 7 (50%) of the 14 CK5/6[+] cases were of histologic grade 3, as compared with only 6 (8.8%) of 68 of the CK5/6[-] cases (P = .0009). Notably, the average mitotic index in the CK5/6[+] group was 11/10 high-power fields, as compared with 7/10 high-power fields in the CK5/6[-] group (P = .07). Overall, there were no distinct morphological differences between the 2 groups, and both displayed the well-characterized architectural and cytologic features of ILCs. CK5/6[+] and CK5/6[-] cases did not significantly differ with respect to patient age, frequency of PR expression, tumor size, rate of axillary node involvement, or HER2/neu overexpression. In summary, the present study demonstrated that 17% of ILCs express CK5/6, and that CK5/6[+] cases are more likely to be ER[-] and have a high modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histologic grade. Because these findings are a characteristic of ductal basal-like breast cancers, our results suggest that there is a basal-like subset for ILCs with potentially distinct clinicopathologic characteristics. Future studies are required to define the prognostic significance of CK5/6 expression in ILCs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Hileeto, Denise] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.07.014 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 267IU UT WOS:000253503500004 PM 18261623 ER PT J AU Martinez, AD Laird, MD Martin, JA Ferris, GR AF Martinez, Arthur D. Laird, Mary Dana Martin, John A. Ferris, Gerald R. TI Job title inflation SO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Job titles are defined as socially reinforced symbols that are based on cooperation. Further, job title inflation (JTI) is defined as a deliberate violation of cooperative principle maxims that is intended to extract gains for an organization. The cooperative principle, which is borrowed from the theory of conversational implicature, is expanded to explain how job titles maintain social value, thus acting as important symbols. It is proposed that some organizations practice JTI because they tacitly understand that job titles possess symbolic value that can be leveraged for potential organizational benefit (e.g., increased productivity or sales). Further, three JTI formulas are offered that describe how JTI may be achieved, and a model that uses social exchange theory to describe how JTI ultimately leads to organizational level outcomes is presented. Implications and directions for future research are also discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Laird, Mary Dana] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Martin, John A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ferris, Gerald R.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Martinez, AD (reprint author), 244 Montana Ave, Davenport, FL 33897 USA. EM adm05h@garnet.acns.fsu.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-4822 J9 HUM RESOUR MANAGE R JI Hum. Resour. Manage. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.12.002 PG 9 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA V13EG UT WOS:000207649500002 ER PT J AU Wells, TS LeardMann, CA Smith, TC Smith, B Jacobson, IG Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Self-reported adverse health events following smallpox vaccination in a large prospective study of US military service members SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; questionnaires; military medicine; longitudinal studies; chronic disease; quality of life ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; PROGRAM; VALIDATION; UTILITY; INSTRUMENTS; PREVALENCE AB In December 2002, the Department of Defense re-instituted smallpox vaccination for US military forces following growing concerns that smallpox might be employed as a bioterrorist weapon. More than one million service members have been given the smallpox vaccine since 2002, although there have been concerns about the safety of the vaccine. Using a large self-reported prospective database, this analysis investigated a wide variety of self-reported health outcomes and possible association with smallpox vaccination. After confirming self-reported vaccination history with electronic vaccine data, 40,472 individuals were included in the analyses, 8,793 of whom received the smallpox vaccine and 31,679 who did not. No significant adverse associations between smallpox vaccination and self-reported health outcomes, including mental and physical functioning, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders, were found. These findings complement studies that utilize other data sources, such as electronic hospitalization records, and may be reassuring to health care providers and those who receive the smallpox vaccination. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 317DY UT WOS:000257001100007 PM 18382134 ER PT J AU Davis, TM Tomlinson, BJ AF Davis, T. M. Tomlinson, B. J. TI AFRL cryogenic technologies development programs SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This is an overview of the cryogenic refrigerator and cryogenic integration programs in development and characterization under the Cryogenic Technologies Group, Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The vision statement for the Air Force Research Laboratory Cryogenic Technologies Group is to support the space community as the center of excellence for developing and transitioning space cryogenic thermal management technologies. The primary customers for the AFRL cryogenic technology development programs are Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), the USAF SBIRS (Space Based Infrared) Low program office, and DoD space surveillance programs. This describes a variety of Stirling, pulse tube, Reverse Brayton, Soule-Thomson, and Sorption cycle cryocoolers currently under development to meet current and future Air Force and DoD requirements. The AFRL customer single stage cooling requirements at 10K, 35 K, 60 K, 150 K, and multi-stage cooling requirements at 35/60 K are addressed. In order to meet these various requirements, the AFRL Cryogenic Technologies Group is pursuing various strategic cryocooler and cryogenic integration options. The Air Force Research Laboratory is also developing several advanced cryogenic integration technologies that will result in the reduction in current cryogenic system integration penalties and design time. These technologies include the continued development of the Cryogenic Systems Integration Model (CSIM), 60 K, and 100 K thermal storage units and heat pipes, cryogenic straps, thermal switches, and development of an Integrated Lightweight Cryogenic Bus (CRYOBUS). C1 [Davis, T. M.; Tomlinson, B. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Davis, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 30117 Manzano, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1109/MAES.2008.4476101 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 332HY UT WOS:000258075300003 ER PT J AU Blasch, E Salerno, J Kadar, I Hintz, K Biermann, J Chong, C Das, S AF Blasch, Erik Salerno, John Kadar, Ivan Hintz, Ken Biermann, J. Chong, Chee Das, Subrata TI Resource management coordination with Level 2/3 fusion issues & challenges SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Information fusion system designs require sensor and resource management (SM) for effective and efficient data collection, processing, and dissemination. Common Level 4 fusion sensor management (or process refinement) inter-relations with target tracking and identification (Level 1 fusion) have been detailed in the literature. At the ISIF Fusion Conference, a panel discussion was held to examine the contemporary issues and challenges pertaining to the interaction between SM and situation and threat assessment (Level 2/3 fusion). This summarizes the key tenants of the invited panel experts. The common themes were: 1) Addressing the user in system control, 2) Determining a standard set of metrics, 3) Evaluating fusion systems to deliver timely information needs, 4) Dynamic updating for planning mission time-horizons, 5) Joint optimization of objective functions at all levels, 6) L2/3 situation entity definitions for knowledge discovery, modeling, and information projection, and 7) Addressing constraints for resource planning and scheduling. C1 [Blasch, Erik; Salerno, John] USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Syst Sci Inc, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA. [Hintz, Ken] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Fairfax, VA 22039 USA. [Biermann, J.] FGAN FKEE, D-53343 Wachtberg, Germany. [Chong, Chee] WPAFB, CA, BAE Syst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Das, Subrata] Charles River Analyt Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 32 EP 46 DI 10.1109/MAES.2008.4476103 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 332HY UT WOS:000258075300005 ER PT J AU Ding, YJ Hu, Q Koch, M Stutz, CE AF Ding, Yujie J. Hu, Qing Koch, Martin Stutz, Charles E. TI Introduction to the special issue on THz materials, devices, and applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Koch, Martin] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Hochfrequenztech, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Stutz, Charles E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ding, YJ (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.915904 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 342CY UT WOS:000258763400001 ER PT J AU Mandal, KC Kang, SH Choi, M Chen, J Zhang, XC Schleicher, JM Schmuttenmaer, CA Fernelilis, NC AF Mandal, Krishna C. Kang, Sung Hoon Choi, Michael Chen, Jian Zhang, Xi-Cheng Schleicher, James M. Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Fernelilis, Nils C. TI III-VI chalcogenide semiconductor crystals for broadband tunable THz sources and sensors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; optical characterization; terahertz (THz); time-domain measurements ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GALLIUM SELENIDE; CDTE CRYSTALS; GASE; GROWTH; CD0.9ZN0.1TE; DETECTORS; COHERENT AB The layered chalcogenide semiconductor GaSe has been grown under various crystal growth conditions for optimum performance tor tunable terahertz (THz) wave generation and broadband THz detection. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption/transmission, electrical charge transport property measurements, and THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) have been used to characterize the grown crystals. It is observed that indium doping enhances hardness of the grown GaSe crystals, which is very useful for processing and fabricating large-area devices. GaSe crystals have demonstrated promising characteristics with good optical quality (absorption coefficient <= 0.1 cm(-1) in the spectral range of 0.62-18 mu m), high dark resistivity (>= 10(9) Omega cm), wide bandgap (2.01 eV at 300 K), good anisotropic (vertical bar vertical bar and perpendicular to) electrical transport properties (mu(e/h), tau(e/h), and mu tau(e/h)) and long-term stability. The THz emission measurements have shown that the GaSe crystals are highly efficient for broadband tunable THz sources (up to 40 THz), and sensors (up to 100 THz). Additionally, new THz frequencies (0.1-3 THz) have been observed for the first time from an anisotropic binary and a ternary semiconductor crystal. Details of characterizations as well as optimum crystal growth conditions including simulation and computer modeling are described in this paper. C1 [Mandal, Krishna C.; Kang, Sung Hoon; Choi, Michael] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Chen, Jian; Zhang, Xi-Cheng] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schleicher, James M.; Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Fernelilis, Nils C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mandal, KC (reprint author), EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. EM kmandal@eiclabs.com; skang@eiclabs.com; mchoi@eiclabs.com; zhangxc@rpi.edu; james.schleicher@yale.edu; charles.schmuttenmaer@yale.edu; nils.fernelius@wpafb.af.mil RI Kang, Sung/B-1084-2010; Zhang, Xi-Cheng/G-1306-2016 OI Kang, Sung/0000-0002-9156-3348; Zhang, Xi-Cheng/0000-0003-3721-1357 FU Air Force [FA86540-06-M-5411, FA8650-07-C-5306] FX This research wits supported in part by the Air Force under Contract FA86540-06-M-5411 and Contract FA8650-07-C-5306. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.912767 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 342CY UT WOS:000258763400005 ER PT J AU Schaar, JE Vodopyanov, KL Kuo, PS Fejer, MM Yu, XJ Lin, A Harris, JS Bliss, D Lynch, C Kozlov, VG Hurlbut, W AF Schaar, Joseph E. Vodopyanov, Konstantin L. Kuo, Paulina S. Fejer, Martin M. Yu, Xiaojun Lin, Angie Harris, James S. Bliss, David Lynch, Candace Kozlov, Vladimir G. Hurlbut, Walter TI Terahertz sources based on intracavity parametric down-conversion in quasi-phase-matched gallium arsenide SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE difference-frequency mixing; doubly resonant; gallium arsenide (GaAs); nearly degenerate; optical parametric oscillator (OPO); parametric down-conversion; self-stabilized; terahertz (THz); tunable ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; WAVE GENERATION; OPTICAL RECTIFICATION; THZ SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS; RADIATION; OSCILLATOR; CRYSTALS; PULSES AB We have efficiently generated tunable terahertz (THz) radiation using intracavity parametric down-conversion in gallium arsenide (GaAs). We used three types of microstructured GaAs to quasi-phase-match the interaction: optically contacted, orientation-patterned, and diffusion-bonded GaAs. The GaAs was placed in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) cavity, and the THz wave was generated by difference-frequency mixing between the OPO signal and idler waves. The OPO used type-II phase-matched periodically poled lithium niobate as a gain medium and was synchronously pumped by a mode-locked laser at 1064 urn (7 ps and 200 nJ at 50 MHz). With center frequencies spanning 0.4-3.5 THz, 250-GHz bandwidth radiation was generated. We measured two orders of optical cascading generated by the mixing of optical and THz waves. In a doubly resonant oscillator (DRO) configuration, the efficiency increased by 21 x over the singly resonant oscillator performance with an optical-to-THz efficiency of 10(-4) and average THz power of 1 mW. The GaAs stabilized the DRO by a thermooptic feedback mechanism that created a quasi-continuous-wave train of THz pulses. C1 [Schaar, Joseph E.; Vodopyanov, Konstantin L.; Kuo, Paulina S.; Fejer, Martin M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yu, Xiaojun; Lin, Angie; Harris, James S.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bliss, David; Lynch, Candace] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Kozlov, Vladimir G.; Hurlbut, Walter] Microtech Instruments Inc, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Schaar, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jschaar@stanford.edu; vodopyan@stanford.edu; pskuo@stanford.edu; fejer@stanford.edu; xyu@us.ibm.com; angiel@stanford.edu; harris@snowmass.stanford.edu; david.bliss@hanscom.af.mil; candace.lynch@hanscom.af.mil; vgkozlov@mtinstruments.com; Walter.hurlbut@mtinstruments.com RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [FA9550-04-01-0465] FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under Grant FA9550-04-01-0465. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.917957 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 342CY UT WOS:000258763400012 ER PT J AU Debany, WH AF Debany, Warren H., Jr. TI Modeling the spread of internet worms via persistently unpatched hosts SO IEEE NETWORK LA English DT Article AB This article considers the effects of Internet worms on persistently unpatched hosts and hosts for which vulnerabilities are refreshed. Previous models have been homogeneous; that is, all hosts transitioned through the same set of states. The model considered in this article is heterogeneous and more realistic in that subpopulations of hosts are assumed to have inherently different characteristics. Equilibrium conditions are obtained for which an Internet worm will self-propagate indefinitely, which lead to thresholds below which worms will become extinct. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Debany, WH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM warren.debany@rl.af.mil NR 12 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0890-8044 EI 1558-156X J9 IEEE NETWORK JI IEEE Netw. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1109/MNET.2008.4476068 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 280FD UT WOS:000254409900006 ER PT J AU Dube, TE Birrer, BD Raines, RA Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE Bennington, RW Reuter, CE AF Dube, Thomas E. Birrer, Bobby D. Raines, Richard A. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. Bennington, Robert W. Reuter, Christopher E. TI Hindering reverse engineering - Thinking outside the box SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Dube, Thomas E.; Raines, Richard A.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Mullins, Barry E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Bennington, Robert W.; Reuter, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Auton Trusted Sensor Syst Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Dube, TE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM thomos.dube@lackland.af.mil; bobby-birrer@wpafb.af.mil; richard.raines@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu; robert.bennington@wpafb.af.mil; christopher.reuter@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1109/MSP.2008.33 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 283NK UT WOS:000254642800010 ER PT J AU Hansen, TB Marr, RA Hsia, JS Kim, KT Lammers, UHW Perez, JJ Tanigawa, TJ AF Hansen, Thorkild B. Marr, Richard A. Hsia, Justin S. Kim, Kristopher T. Lammers, Uve H. W. Perez, Jimmie J. Tanigawa, Timothy J. TI Methods for locating stray-signal sources in anechoic chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE anechoic chamber; back propagation; compact range; quiet zone; scan plane; stray sources ID NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; ANTENNA PATTERN MEASUREMENTS; BISTATIC RCS CALCULATIONS; COMPACT RANGE REFLECTORS; ERRORS AB Two complementary numerically efficient frequency-domain methods for locating stray-signal sources in anechoic chambers are investigated and applied in combination to actual measurement data. Both methods use single-frequency near-field data collected on a planar surface and process them to reconstruct field values (images) elsewhere. The first method, which is based on the fact that the probe output satisfies the Helmholtz equation, uses plane waves to backpropagate the scan-plane data and is well suited for fast-Fourier-transform (FFT)-based rapid reconstruction of images on planar surfaces parallel to the scan plane. The second method uses the simple spherical-wave focusing technique and is flexible, in that, it can be used to generate images on either planar or nonplanar surfaces from the data collected on either planar or nonplanar surfaces. When data and image points are both located on a regular grid, the method can be implemented using the FFT-based fast convolution technique. Both methods include a spatial filter for isolating selected plane-wave spectrum components. The two methods are used in combination to successfully locate the strong multiple-bounce stray signals that degrade the quiet zone of a near-field bistatic radar cross-section facility. Subsequent scan data confirm that the suppression of these stray signals indeed substantially improves the quality of the quiet zone. The spherical-focusing method is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of the various absorber configurations applied to selected edges of the reflector to control edge-diffracted fields. It is shown that the reduction of the edge-diffracted fields further improves the quiet zone. C1 Seknion Inc, Boston, MA 02135 USA. [Marr, Richard A.; Hsia, Justin S.; Kim, Kristopher T.; Lammers, Uve H. W.; Tanigawa, Timothy J.] Hanscom AFB, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Div Electromagnet Technol, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Perez, Jimmie J.] AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hansen, TB (reprint author), Seknion Inc, Boston, MA 02135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 480 EP 489 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.911574 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 263NP UT WOS:000253224100004 ER PT J AU Huang, D Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA Gumbs, GA AF Huang, Danhong Alsing, Paul M. Cardimona, David A. Gumbs, Godfrey A. TI Effects of electronic quantum interference, photonic-crystal cavity, spontaneous emission, longitudinal field, surface-plasmon modes, and surface-plasmon-polariton for optical amplification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference CY OCT 22-25, 2006 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE DE amplification; cavity; longitudinal field; photonic crystal; polariton; quantum interference; surface-plasmon ID PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; BAND-GAP; WAVE LOCALIZATION; DISORDERED MEDIUM; INVERSION; TRANSMISSION; GRATINGS; LASERS; FILMS; EDGE AB Some possibilities for coherent optical amplification of a normally incident and weak radiation field are reviewed based on various physical mechanisms, such as electronic quantum interference induced by a coupling laser field in a three-level system, field enhancement through the cavity confinement of a radiation field in a photonic crystal and field concentration seen in a transmitted near field through a metallic surface grating due to excitation of surface - plasmon - polariton modes. Numerical results are presented and discussed to demonstrate these interesting effects. The modification to the spontaneous emission inside a photonic crystal is also studied. The important role played by a longitudinal field resulting from the absorption by an induced three-dimensional plasma wave inside a doped semiconductor is analyzed using a nonlocal and nonadiabatic model. Moreover, the coupling between two-dimensional plasmons and surface plasmon modes in the nonretardation limit is explored. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Alsing, Paul M.; Cardimona, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey A.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil; ggumbs@hunter.cuny.edu NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2007.913428 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 274VD UT WOS:000254029500012 ER PT J AU Hong, L Ruan, Y Li, W Wicker, D Layne, J AF Hong, L. Ruan, Y. Li, W. Wicker, D. Layne, J. TI Energy-based video tracking using joint target density processing with an application to unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance SO IET COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM; MODEL AB Successfully tracking targets in a video sequence has many important applications, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveillance. A robust and efficient video tracking algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is presented, which has been proven to be effective in capturing motion information over multiple frames and excellent in velocity selectivity. The CWT converts target trajectories in a spatio-temporal domain into target energy volumes in a wavenumber-frequency domain. By integrating over different motion parameters, three target energy densities are obtained, which then serve as cost functions for estimating target trajectories and sizes. Because of excellent velocity selectivity, the energy-based tracker has the capability of detecting and tracking targets with a particular velocity range. To best handle target interferences among multiple nearby or crossing targets, a novel joint processing technique using expectation-maximization-based Gaussian mixture estimation is developed. A global nearest neighbourhood algorithm is employed to perform data association and maintain continuous kinematic trajectories. In addition to computer simulations, the developed energy-based algorithm is applied to a UAV surveillance application where multiple vehicles move closely to each other on a multi-lane road. C1 [Hong, L.; Ruan, Y.; Li, W.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wicker, D.; Layne, J.] Air Force Res Lab, SNAT, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lang.hong@wright.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9632 J9 IET COMPUT VIS JI IET Comput. Vis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1049/iet-cvi:20070017 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 289OU UT WOS:000255064600001 ER PT J AU Mansuy, J AF Mansuy, John TI ACCURATE VALUE SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Article C1 [Mansuy, John] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV USA. [Mansuy, John] USAF, Washington, DC USA. RP Mansuy, J (reprint author), Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA V18MB UT WOS:000208007800023 ER PT J AU Kerecman, J Mustafa, SB Vasquez, MM Dixon, PS Castro, R AF Kerecman, J. Mustafa, S. B. Vasquez, M. M. Dixon, P. S. Castro, R. TI Immunosuppressive properties of surfactant in alveolar macrophage NR8383 SO INFLAMMATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alveolar macrophages; surfactant; nitric oxide (NO); cytokines; LPS ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; MONOCYTIC CELL-LINE; NF-KAPPA-B; PROTEIN-A; SYNTHETIC SURFACTANT; EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT; CA2+ INFLUX; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; NEUTROPHILS; ACTIVATION AB Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exogenous surfactants and surfactant phospholipid without surfactant proteins (SP-A and SP-D) on the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) stimulated rat alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line NR8383. Methods: Exogenous surfactants (beractant, calfactant or colfosceril) and surfactant phospholipid (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, DPPC), standardized to phospholipid content of 25-1,000 mu g/ml were incubated with LPS- (1 mu g/ml) stimulated NR8383 AMs. Results: TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretion and nitric oxide (NO) formation following LPS stimulation were inhibited by treatment with surfactants or DPPC. Furthermore, LPS-dependent NO production and iNOS protein levels were significantly suppressed in cells pretreated for one hour with beractant compared to beractant added simultaneously with or following LPS. Additionally, LPS-stimulated oxidative burst, measured by flow cytometry, was significantly decreased by beractant. Finally, beractant inhibited the translocation of NF-kappa B from cytoplasmic into nuclear extract in LPS-stimulated NR8383 AMs. Conclusions: Exogenous surfactants and surfactant phospholipid inhibit secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and NO in NR8383 AMs. The inhibitory effects of beractant on oxygen radical and LPS-induced NO formation may result from unique mechanisms of decreasing cell signaling. The anti-inflammatory activity of surfactant products used in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may depend upon the specific preparation or dose used. C1 [Mustafa, S. B.; Vasquez, M. M.; Castro, R.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kerecman, J.; Dixon, P. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Castro, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7812, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM castror@uthscsa.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1023-3830 J9 INFLAMM RES JI Inflamm. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s00011-007-7212-1 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 280OQ UT WOS:000254436500005 PM 18369576 ER PT J AU Horne, BR Corley, FG AF Horne, Brandon R. Corley, Fred G. TI Review of 88 nail gun injuries to the extremities SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE nail gun; joint penetration; infection; extremity ID HAND; KNEE AB Background: Nail guns have been employed since 1959 to speed construction work, but with the increased productivity came an increasing number of injuries associated with the device. The majority of reported cases occur to the extremities. Methods: Our study retrospectively examines 88 cases of nail gun injuries to the extremities collected from a 4-year period. Radiographs and charts were used to collect data on anatomic site, type of treatment, type and duration of antibiotic treatment, and outcomes. Results: We found that infections associated with nail gun injuries were relatively rare (n = 3) and in our study were limited to those patients who presented later than the day of injury. The majority of injuries were to the hand and knee (38.6% and 28.1%, respectively). No significant vascular or neurological injuries were encountered. Conclusions: It appears that simple emergency room removal of the nail with local debridement and a short course of antibiotics is appropriate in most cases. The exception to this is where there is intra-articular or neurovascular involvement, then operative debridement is recommended. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Horne, Brandon R.; Corley, Fred G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Horne, BR (reprint author), Dept Orthoped, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brhorne@yahoo.com; corley@uthscsa.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2007.07.011 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA 284DP UT WOS:000254686300013 PM 17996238 ER PT J AU Yun, SJ Palazotto, A AF Yun, Su-Jin Palazotto, Anthony TI Plastic deformation under cyclic loading using two-back stress hardening models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE two-back stress; kinematic hardening; ratcheting; cyclic loading ID MULTIAXIAL RATCHETING SIMULATION; VISCOPLASTIC MATERIAL; CONSTITUTIVE MODELS; SOFTENING MATERIALS; UNIAXIAL BEHAVIOR; 2-COMPONENT MODEL; DYNAMIC RECOVERY; YIELD SURFACES; RULES; SPIN AB In the present work, the constitutive relations based on the combination of two-back stresses are developed using the Armstrong Frederick and Phillips type hardening rules in order to describe the plastic strain accumulation under a cyclic loading. Using the combined kinematic hardening rules, the ratcheting behavior under uniaxial cyclic loading is investigated and compared with numerical results. Various evolutions of the kinematic hardening parameter can be obtained by means of a simple combination of the hardening rules using a conventional rule of mixtures. The plastic deformation under cyclic loading turns out to be strongly dependent on the description of back stress evolution and its hardening parameters. It is shown that the ratcheting behaviors for a given material can be depicted by adjusting the control material parameters such as the fractional factor which determines the dominant evolution of the back stress. The present result is verified by comparing the existing experimental data available in the literature (Hassan and Kyriakides) [Hassan T, Kyriakides S. Ratcheting of cyclically hardening and softening materials: I. uniaxial behavior. Int J Plasticity 1994;10(2):149-84; Hassan T, Kyriakides S. Ratcheting in cyclic plasticity, part I: uniaxial behavior. Int J Plasticity 199:2;8(1):91-116] and it shows good agreement with the published data in some cases. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yun, Su-Jin] Agy Defense Dev, Yuseong Ku, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Palazotto, Anthony] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yun, SJ (reprint author), Agy Defense Dev, Yuseong Ku, Tech 4-4,POB 35, Taejon 305600, South Korea. EM sjy4541@Yahoo.com NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.04.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 328SH UT WOS:000257817600008 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Hetrick, G Baek, SS AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Hetrick, G. Baek, S. S. TI Effects of frequency and environment on fatigue behavior of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite at 1200 degrees C SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); oxides; fatigue; high-temperature properties; mechanical testing; fractography ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; WATER-VAPOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; LOADING FREQUENCY; CRACK-PROPAGATION; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STRESS-CORROSION AB The effect of frequency on fatigue behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite-alumina (Nextel(TM)720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. Tension-tension fatigue tests were performed at frequencies of 0.1 and 10 Hz for fatigue stresses ranging from 75 to 170 MPa. Fatigue run-out was defined as 105 cycles at the frequency of 0.1 Hz and as 106 cycles at the frequency of 10 Hz. The CFCC exhibited excellent fatigue resistance in laboratory air. The fatigue limit was 170 MPa (88% UTS at 1200 degrees C). The material retained 100% of its tensile strength. Presence of steam significantly degraded the fatigue performance, with the degradation being most pronounced at 0.1 Hz. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed higher degrees of fiber pull-out in specimens tested at 10 Hz, indicating weakening of the fiber/matrix interface. A qualitative spectral analysis showed evidence of silicon species migration from the fiber to the matrix. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Hetrick, G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, S. S.] Agcy Def Dev, Taejon, South Korea. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 65 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 502 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.04.004 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 328SH UT WOS:000257817600011 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS Calabria, CW AF Tankersley, M. S. Calabria, C. W. TI The association between frequent large local reactions and systemic reactions to immunotherapy within a practice utilizing a no-dose adjustment protocol for local reactions SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Tankersley, M. S.; Calabria, C. W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 MA LB18 BP 795 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.01.054 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 273GR UT WOS:000253918900071 ER PT J AU Bowman, BR Tobiska, WK Marcos, FA Valladares, C AF Bowman, Bruce R. Tobiska, W. Kent Marcos, Frank A. Valladares, Cesar TI The JB2006 empirical thermospheric density model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; thermosphere models; solar EUV; neutral density; semiannual variation ID INCOHERENT-SCATTER DATA; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERE AB A new empirical atmospheric density model is developed using the CIRA72 (Jacchia 71) model as the basis for the diffusion equations. New solar indices based on orbit-based sensor data are used for the solar irradiances in the extreme and far ultraviolet wavelengths. New exospheric temperature and semiannual density equations are employed to represent the major thermospheric density variations. Temperature correction equations are also developed for diurnal and latitudinal effects, and finally density correction factors are used for model corrections required at high altitude (1500-4000 km). The new model, Jacchia-Bowman 2006, is validated through comparisons of accurate daily density drag data previously computed for numerous satellites. For 400 km altitude the standard deviation of 16% for the standard Jacchia model is reduced to 10% for the new JB2006 model for periods of low geomagnetic storm activity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bowman, Bruce R.] USAF, Space Command, Space Anal A9AC, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. [Tobiska, W. Kent] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Marcos, Frank A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXT, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Valladares, Cesar] Boston Coll, Space Res Inst, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Bowman, BR (reprint author), USAF, Space Command, Space Anal A9AC, 250 S Peterson Blvd,Suite 116, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. EM bruce.bowman@peterson.af.mil; ktobiska@spacenvironment.net; frank.marcos@hanscom.af.mil; valladar@bc.edu NR 31 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 5 BP 774 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.10.002 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285ZP UT WOS:000254815000007 ER PT J AU Tobiska, WK Bouwer, SD Bowman, BR AF Tobiska, W. Kent Bouwer, S. Dave Bowman, Bruce R. TI The development of new solar indices for use in thermospheric density modeling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; thermosphere models; neutral density; solar EUV; IS 21348 : 2007; space weather ID CHROMOSPHERE; SOLSTICE; MINIMUM; FLUX AB New solar indices have been developed to improve thermospheric density modeling for research and operational purposes. Out of 11 new and 4 legacy indices and proxies, we have selected 3 (F-10.7, S-10.7, and M-10.7) for use in the new JB2006 empirical thermospheric density model. In this work, we report on the development of these solar irradiance indices. The rationale for their use, their definitions, and their characteristics, including the IS 21348:2007 spectral category and sub-category, wavelength range, solar source temperature region, solar source feature, altitude region of terrestrial atmosphere absorption at unit optical depth, and terrestrial atmosphere thermal processes in the region of maximum energy absorption, are described. We also summarize for each solar index the facility and instrument(s) used to observe the solar emission, the time frame over which the data exist, the measurement cadence, the data latency, and the research as well as operational availability. The new solar indices are provided in forecast as well as real time and historical time frames (http://SpaceWx.coni JB2006 Quicklink). We describe the forecast methodology, compare results with actual data for active and quiet solar conditions, and compare improvements in F10.7 forecasting with legacy HASDM and NOAA SWPC forecasts. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tobiska, W. Kent] Space Environm Technol, Space Weather Div, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Bouwer, S. Dave] Space Environm Technol, Thornton, CO 80260 USA. [Bowman, Bruce R.] USAF, Space Command, Space Anal A9AC, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. RP Tobiska, WK (reprint author), Space Environm Technol, Space Weather Div, 1676 Palisades Dr, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. EM ktobiska@spacenvironment.net; dbouwer@spacenvironment.net; bruce.bowman@peterson.af.mil NR 30 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 5 BP 803 EP 819 DI 10.1016/jjastp.2007.11.001 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285ZP UT WOS:000254815000009 ER PT J AU Chung, ML Lennie, TA De Jong, M Wu, JR Riegel, B Moser, DK AF Chung, Misook L. Lennie, Terry A. De Jong, Marla Wu, Jia-Rong Riegel, Barbara Moser, Debra K. TI Patients differ in their ability to self-monitor adherence to a low-sodium diet versus medication SO JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE LA English DT Article DE medication event monitoring system; medical outcomes study specific adherence scale; 24-hour urinary sodium excretion ID CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; BODY-MASS INDEX; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; PILL COUNTS; DISEASE; OUTCOMES; RECOMMENDATIONS; NONCOMPLIANCE; NONADHERENCE AB Objective: Poor adherence to a low-sodium diet (LSD) and prescribed medications increases rehospitalization risk in patients with heart failure (HF). Clinicians have difficulty assessing adherence objectively, so they depend on patients' self-report. The degree to which self-reported adherence reflects actual adherence is unclear. We examined patients' ability to self-monitor adherence to an LSD and medications by comparing self-reported adherence with objective evidence of adherence. Methods: A total of 133 patients with HF (male 71%; ejection fraction 35% +/- 14%) completed the Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale. Adherence to the LSD and medication were assessed objectively using 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and dose counting with an electronic monitoring device, respectively. On the basis of self-report, patients were divided into adherent and non-adherent groups and evaluated for differences according to objective adherence. Results: There were no differences in urinary sodium levels between the self-reported LSD adherent and non-adherent groups (4560 mg vs. 4333 mg; P =.59). Self-reported adherent and non-adherent medication groups took 92.4% and 80.4% of prescribed doses, respectively (P < .001). Conclusion: Patients were able to accurately estimate adherence to medication, but they failed to estimate LSD adherence. This finding suggests that we need to improve our means of evaluating adherence to the LSD and of educating patients more thoroughly about following the LSD. We speculated that the inability to estimate LSD adherence may be the result of gaps in patients' knowledge that preclude accurate self-assessment. C1 [Chung, Misook L.; Lennie, Terry A.; Wu, Jia-Rong; Moser, Debra K.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [De Jong, Marla] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Riegel, Barbara] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Chung, ML (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, 539 CON,760 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM misook.chung@uky.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR02602] NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1071-9164 EI 1532-8414 J9 J CARD FAIL JI J. Card. Fail. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.10.010 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 278ZG UT WOS:000254324200005 PM 18325457 ER PT J AU Bettencourt, MT AF Bettencourt, M. T. TI Flux limiting embedded boundary technique for electromagnetic FDTD SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic; EM; finite difference time domain; FDTD; conformal boundaries; embedded boundaries; flux limiting ID PERFECTLY CONDUCTING OBJECTS; TIME-DOMAIN FDTD; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; ALGORITHM; SURFACES AB A general approach for incorporating embedded boundaries into an electromagnetic finite difference time domain (FDTD) code is presented. This algorithm is shown to satisfy Gauss's law and enforces no magnetic monopoles while maintaining a globally second-order result (first-order at physical boundaries), with no added time-step restriction. Theoretically predicted superior results are shown with an 11% time-step reduction from the Courant stability limit. This is achieved through a physics-based flux limiting scheme near physical boundaries. Stability, local truncation error and energy conservation analysis are also provided. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Kirtland Air Force Base, USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Bettencourt, MT (reprint author), Kirtland Air Force Base, USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM icepic@kirtland.af.mil RI bettencourt, matthew/I-5924-2014 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 6 BP 3141 EP 3158 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.11.043 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 275RU UT WOS:000254090100006 ER PT J AU Mass, J Avella, M Jimenez, J Rodriguez, A Rodriguez, T Callahan, M Bliss, D Wang, B AF Mass, J. Avella, M. Jimenez, J. Rodriguez, A. Rodriguez, T. Callahan, M. Bliss, D. Wang, Buguo TI Cathodoluminescence study of ZnO wafers cut from hydrothermal crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Substrates of Wide Bandgap Materials held at the 2007 E-MRS Conference CY MAY 29-30, 2007 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE A1. cathodoluminescence; A1. defects; B1. ZnO bulk ID LUMINESCENCE; FILMS AB ZnO is a wide bandgap semiconductor with very promising expectation for UV optoelectronics. The existence of large crystals should allow homoepitaxial growth of ZnO films for advanced optoelectronic devices. However, the ZnO substrates are not yet mature. Both defect induced by growth and by polishing together with the high reactivity of the surface are problems to their industrial application. Cathodoluminescence (CL) was used to probe the quality of substrates from two different suppliers. The surface damage was studied by varying the penetration depth of the electron beam, allowing to observe significant differences between the two samples within a 0.5-mu m-thick surface layer. CL spectra show a complex band (Pl) at similar to 3.3 eV composed of two overlapped bands (3.31 and 3.29 eV) related to point defects (PD) and the 1 -LO phonon replica of the free exciton (FX-1LO). This band (P1) is shown to be very sensitive to the presence of defects and the surface and thermal treatments. Its intensity compared with the excitonic band intensity is demonstrated to provide criteria about the quality of the substrates. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mass, J.; Avella, M.; Jimenez, J.] ETSII, Valladolid 47011, Spain. [Rodriguez, A.; Rodriguez, T.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSIT, Madrid 28028, Spain. [Callahan, M.; Bliss, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Wang, Buguo] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Mass, J.] Univ Norte, Dpto Matemat & Fis, Barranquilla, Colombia. RP Jimenez, J (reprint author), ETSII, Valladolid 47011, Spain. EM jimenez@fmc.uva.es NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1005 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.11.095 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 280LK UT WOS:000254428100026 ER PT J AU Weld, KJ Montiglio, C Bush, AC Harroff, HH Cespedes, RD AF Weld, Kyle J. Montiglio, Claudio Bush, Anneke C. Harroff, Hugh H. Cespedes, R. Duane TI Real-time analysis of renal interstitial metabolites during induced renal ischemia SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL MICRODIALYSIS; PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; GLUTAMATE; INJURY AB Purpose: Microdialysis is an innovative technique used to monitor the chemistry of the interstitial fluid in living tissue. We documented changes in concentration of interstitial fluid metabolites before, during, and after induced renal ischemia. Materials and Methods: Under general anesthesia, a microdialysis probe was laparoscopically positioned into the renal cortex of six pigs. Isotonic sterile perfusion fluid was pumped through the probe at 2 mu L/min. After collecting a baseline sample, the renal artery was occluded with a Satinsky clamp for 90 (n = 3) or 120 (n = 3) minutes. A dialysate sample was collected every 30 minutes during the ischemic and 3-hour postischemic period. The samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, urea, and glycerol concentrations with the CMA/600 Microdialysis Analyzer. Serum metabolic panels from peripheral venous samples drawn before ischemia, after ischemia, and 3 hours after ischemia were analyzed. Results: Glucose and pyruvate concentrations significantly declined (P = 0.01, P = 0.05, respectively) while lactate and glycerol concentrations significantly increased during ischemia (P = <0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). Glutamate increased to 2.5 times the baseline concentration (P < 0.01) at 1 hour of ischemia and subsequently declined during ischemia. The lactate/pyruvate ratio increased sharply during ischemia and returned to baseline within 1 hour postischemia. There were no changes noted in serum creatinine levels before and after ischemia. Conclusions: Microdialysis can accurately measure minute real-time changes in the renal interstitial environment caused by ischemia not detected with serum studies. These local changes may be correlated with ischemic times to predict tissue preservation in future studies. C1 [Weld, Kyle J.; Montiglio, Claudio; Cespedes, R. Duane] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Bush, Anneke C.; Harroff, Hugh H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weld, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1089/end.2007.0256 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 286EU UT WOS:000254829500033 PM 18257740 ER PT J AU Markey, AM Clark, CS Succop, PA Roda, S AF Markey, Andrea M. Clark, C. Scott Succop, Paul A. Roda, Sandra TI Determination of the feasibility of using a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer in the field for measurement of lead content of sieved soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Soil samples collected in housing areas with potential lead contamination generally are analyzed with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or other laboratory methods. Previous work indicates that field-portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is capable of detecting soil lead levels comparable to those detected by FAAS in samples sieved to less than 125 pin in a laboratory, A considerable savings, both economical and in laboratory reporting time, would occur if a practical field method could be developed that does not require laboratory digestion and analysis. The XRF method also would provide immediate results that would facilitate the provision of information to residents and other interested parties more quickly than 6 possible with conventional laboratory methods. The goal of the study reported here was to determine the practicality of using the field-portable XRF analyzer for analysis of lead in soil samples that were sieved in the field. The practicality of using the XRF was determined by the amount of time it took to prepare and analyze the samples in the field and by the case with which the procedure. could be accomplished on site. Another objective of the study was to determine the effects of moisture on the process of sieving the soil. Seventy-eight samples were collected from 30 locations near 10 houses and were prepared and analyzed at the locations where they were collected. Mean soil lead concentrations by XRF were 816 ppm before drying and 817 ppm after drying, and by laboratory FAAS were 1,042 ppm. Correlation of field-portable XRF and FAAS results was excellent for samples sieved to less than 125 pm, with R-2 values of .9902 and .992 before and after drying, respectively. The saturation ranged from 10 percent to 90 percent. At 65 percent saturation or higher, it was not feasible to sieve the soil in the field without a thorough drying step, since the soil would not pass through the sieve. Therefore the field method with sieving was not practical when the soil was 65 percent or more saturated unless a time-consuming drying process was included. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Markey, AM (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, 2325 5th ST,Bldg 675, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrea.markey@us.af.mil FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCT510420] NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 7 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 267IH UT WOS:000253502200003 PM 18348388 ER PT J AU Olejniczak, A Katrusiak, A Vij, A AF Olejniczak, Anna Katrusiak, Andrzej Vij, Ashwani TI Interpenetrated structure and compressibility studies in pressure frozen pentafluoropyridine crystals at 0.3 and 1.1 GPa SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE halogen center dot center dot center dot nitrogen interactions; pentafluoropyridine; high-pressure crystallization; interpenetrated structures ID C-H ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES AB Pentafluoropyridine has been pressure frozen in situ in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and its structure determined at 0.30(5) and 1.10(5) GPa and at room temperature by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The freezing pressure of pentafluoropyridine has been determined to be 0.10(5) Gpa. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c. The crystal packing is governed by F center dot center dot center dot F and C/N center dot center dot center dot F van der Waals contacts, but no ring stacking is observed. The intermolecular interactions are non-directional, and the crystal compresses nearly isotropically between 0.3 and 1. 1 GPa. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Olejniczak, Anna; Katrusiak, Andrzej] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. [Vij, Ashwani] USAF, Res Lab, RZSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Katrusiak, A (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Chem, Grunwaldzka 6, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. EM katran@amu.edu.pl; ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 EI 1873-3328 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 129 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.10.005 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 274RP UT WOS:000254018900003 ER PT J AU Germain, M Fraundorf, P Lin, S Guliants, EA Bunker, CE Buckner, SW AF Germain, Marguerite Fraundorf, Philip Lin, Sam Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. Buckner, Steven W. TI Synthesis and characterization of srilankite nanowires SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal synthesis; nanowires; zirconium titanate; superlattice; electron diffraction; srilankite; nanoparticles; electron microscopy ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; BARIUM-TITANATE NANOWIRES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GEL TEMPLATE METHOD; SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; KNBO3 NANOSTRUCTURES; ZIRCONIA NANOTUBES; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; TWINNED NANOWIRES AB We describe the synthesis and characterization of srilankite (Ti2ZrO6) nanowires. The nanowires are produced via hydrothermal synthesis with a TiO2/ZrO2 mixture under alkaline conditions. The zirconium titanate nanowires have median diameters of 60 nm and median lengths of 800 nm with the < 022 > axis along the length of the nanowire. Electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and electron diffraction are used to characterize the phases and compare nanowires produced with varying molar ratios of Ti and Zr. Electron diffraction patterns produced from single nanowires show highly crystalline nanowires displaying a compositional-ordering superlattice structure with Zr concentrated in bands within the crystal structure. This is in contrast to naturally occurring bulk srilankite where Zr and Ti are randomly substituted within the crystal lattice. Streaking is observed in the electron diffraction patterns suggesting short-range ordering within the superlattice structure. C1 [Germain, Marguerite; Buckner, Steven W.] St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Fraundorf, Philip; Lin, Sam] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buckner, SW (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. OI Fraundorf, Philip/0000-0001-6155-6406 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1481 EP 1488 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.193 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 282AT UT WOS:000254540700074 PM 18468178 ER PT J AU Flynn, TW Childs, JD Bell, S Magel, JS Rowe, RH Plock, H AF Flynn, Timothy W. Childs, John D. Bell, Stephania Magel, Jake S. Rowe, Robert H. Plock, Haideh TI Manual physical therapy: We speak Gibberish SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Flynn, Timothy W.; Childs, John D.; Bell, Stephania; Magel, Jake S.; Rowe, Robert H.; Plock, Haideh] USAF, US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Flynn, TW (reprint author), USAF, US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20330 USA. OI Magel, John/0000-0001-9087-4753 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 273HM UT WOS:000253921000001 PM 18349493 ER PT J AU Greene, KA Ross, MD AF Greene, Kristi A. Ross, Michael D. TI Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a patient referred to physical therapy for knee pain - Response SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 [Greene, Kristi A.] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. [Ross, Michael D.] David Grant US Air Force, Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Greene, KA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 273HM UT WOS:000253921000013 ER PT J AU Miller, B Sallam, KA Bingabr, M Lin, KC Carter, C AF Miller, B. Sallam, K. A. Bingabr, M. Lin, K. -C. Carter, C. TI Breakup of aerated liquid jets in subsonic crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB An experimental investigation of the breakup of an aerated-liquid jet in subsonic crossflow is described. The present test conditions were similar to those encountered in fuel injection in ramjet engines. Previous studies of spray structures of aerated-liquid jet in crossflow have been limited to the dilute spray area (downstream distance of greater than 100 jet diameters) using phase Doppler interferometry and along the liquid surface using wet holographic plates. The objective of the present study was to extend these earlier measurements to investigate the dense-spray near-injector region immediately downstream of the injector (0-50 jet diameters), in which secondary breakup may occur to bridge the gap between drop-size distributions along the jet surface and those obtained using phase Doppler interferometry in the far field of the injector. Three-dimensional microscopic digital holography was used to record and measure droplets sizes and locations within the three-dimensional volume of the spray. Earlier results of the primary breakup of aerated-liquid jets in crossflow show that the gas jet along the axis of the annular flow leaving the injector passage forces the annular liquid sheet into a conical shape that extends from the injector exit. Primary breakup occurs in a similar manner along both the upstream and downstream sides of the liquid jet (relative to the crossflow), which suggests relatively weak aerodynamic effects on the primary breakup. In the present study, the aerodynamic effects on the drop sizes in the wake region of the fuel injector were considered. The test conditions include different gas-to-liquid mass flow rate ratios and jet-to-freestream momentum flux ratios. The present measurements of the spray structure of aerated-liquid jets in crossflows shows a reduction in drop sizes with downstream distance that may be attributed to the drop secondary breakup. C1 [Miller, B.; Sallam, K. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bingabr, M.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. [Lin, K. -C.] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45433 USA. [Carter, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sallam, KA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM khaled.sallam@okstate.edu OI Sallam, Khaled/0000-0003-2627-0060; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.2514/1.30390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 274QW UT WOS:000254016900011 ER PT J AU Ebrahimi, HB Merkle, CL AF Ebrahimi, Houshang B. Merkle, Charles L. TI Wave reverberations in multitube pulse detonation engines SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE ANALYSIS; THRUST CHAMBER DYNAMICS; PROPULSION APPLICATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PERFORMANCE; TUBE; COMBUSTION; IMPULSE; MODEL AB Internal wave reverberation processes in multiple-tube, pulsed detonation engines are considered. The study is based on a two-dimensional analysis of dual- and triple-detonation tubes exhausting through a common nozzle. Computations are first performed for a series of dual-tube configurations in which the intertube geometry is varied parametrically. Similar computations are then performed for three-tube configurations. The results indicate that when a detonation exits one tube, the details of the geometrical interconnection between tubes can change the magnitude of the pressure spike produced in an adjacent tube by nearly an order of magnitude. Controlling the crosstalk between adjacent tubes represents an important prerequisite for understanding propellant fill procedures and shock wave propagation in multitube devices. C1 [Ebrahimi, Houshang B.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Propuls Technol, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Merkle, Charles L.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 46905 USA. [Merkle, Charles L.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 46905 USA. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), Raytheon Missile Syst, 1151 E Hermans Rd,Mail Stop TU-805-L5, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.2514/1.32162 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 274QW UT WOS:000254016900022 ER PT J AU Hernandez, AI Roongruangphol, T Katsube, N Seghi, RR AF Hernandez, Alfredo I. Roongruangphol, Thasanai Katsube, Noriko Seghi, Robert R. TI Residual interface tensile strength of ceramic bonded to dentin after cyclic loading and aging SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Dental-Research/American-Dental-Education-Assoc iation CY MAR 08-11, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Dent Res, Amer Dent Educ Assoc ID CLINICAL-EVALUATION; AMALGAM RESTORATIONS; FLEXURE STRENGTH; LUTING CEMENTS; BONDING AGENT; INLAYS; RESIN; DURABILITY; COMPOSITE; FATIGUE AB Statement of problem. To guard against the potential risk of cusp fracture, esthetic onlay restorations have been advocated for teeth with large restorations. The influence of the adhesive resin cement is believed to play a role in strengthening these restorations. The durability of this tooth/adhesive/ceramic interface is critical to ensure clinical longevity. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cyclic loading and environmental aging on the residual interface strength of a ceramic bonded to dentin structure. Material and methods. Eighteen simple trilayer specimens were fabricated, consisting of a 1.5-mm-thick ceramic plate (ProCAD) bonded to a flattened human molar tooth with exposed coronal dentin. The ceramic plates were bonded using resin cement (Nexus 2) and manufacturer-recommended bonding techniques. The specimens were divided into 3 equal groups and were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 10 weeks as a control group (CT), 9 months as an aging group (AG), or placed in water at 37 degrees C while being subjected to 10 million vertical loading cycles between 20 N to 200 N, as a fatigue group (FG). After the specimens were subjected to the experimental conditions, they were sectioned perpendicular to the flat ceramic surface into 1 x 1-mm sticks. The mean residual interface microtensile bond (MTB) strength was determined for each specimen using only those sticks which contained ceramic bonded to dentin. The MTB strength data were analyzed using Welbull analysis methods to determine differences between groups. All subsequent failed specimen surfaces were evaluated under a stereomicroscope at x 10 magnification to determine the apparent failure modes. Some specimens were selected from each failure mode category for surface evaluation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results. The characteristic Welbull means for the 3 groups were CT, 19.2, FG, 14.7, and AG, 11.7. The bond strength of group CT was significantly greater than both AG (P=.007) and FG (P=.014). Light microscopic categorization of the failure modes suggests that adhesive failure at the ceramic/cement interface was the most common (65%) for all 3 groups. SEM evaluation of failed surfaces of select specimens from each group could not distinguish any interface appearance differences. Conclusions. For indirect adhesive-retained ceramic restorations, both cyclic masticatory loading and hydrolytic degradation may contribute to a weakening of the interface bond. The ceramic/resin interface may be more susceptible to these changes over the time frame of this investigation than the dentin/resin interface. C1 [Hernandez, Alfredo I.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Sch Dent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Roongruangphol, Thasanai] USAF, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA USA. [Katsube, Noriko] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Seghi, Robert R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Restorat & Prosthet Dent, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hernandez, AI (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Sch Dent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Katsube, Noriko/E-5713-2016 OI Katsube, Noriko/0000-0001-5462-7296 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60045-1 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 279QS UT WOS:000254370300009 PM 18319092 ER PT J AU Garcia, RDM Siewert, CE Yacout, AM AF Garcia, R. D. M. Siewert, C. E. Yacout, A. M. TI On the use of Fresnel boundary and interface conditions in radiative-transfer calculations for multilayered media SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; discrete ordinates; Fresnel conditions; multilayers ID ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM; INTERNAL-REFLECTION; ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING; ART GLAZES; TRANSPORT; EQUATION; SPHERE; SLAB AB The ADO (analytical discrete ordinates) method is used to establish a concise and accurate solution for a multi-layer radiative-transfer problem with Fresnel boundary and interface conditions. A finite plane-parallel medium composed of a number (K) of sub-strata with different material properties is considered to be illuminated by isotropically incident radiation. While a general result is obtained, emphasis in the numerical work is given to computing accurately the currents and the intensities that exit each of the two exterior surfaces. Monochromatic forms (with anisotropic scattering) of the radiative-transfer equation are used, and numerical results are given for several specific cases. The complications introduced by the Fresnel boundary and interface conditions are well resolved, so that the numerical results obtained are thought to define a very high standard. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, R. D. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Garcia, R. D. M.] HSH Sci Comp, BR-12242540 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Yacout, A. M.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Siewert, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Box 8205, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM siewert@ncsu.edu RI Garcia, Roberto/D-3955-2014 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 109 IS 5 BP 752 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.09.013 PG 18 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 246OW UT WOS:000252017400004 ER PT J AU Lee, RH Bauer, AM Killingsworth, MD Lilly, TC Duncan, JA Ketsdever, AD AF Lee, R. H. Bauer, A. M. Killingsworth, M. D. Lilly, T. C. Duncan, J. A. Ketsdever, A. D. TI Free-molecule-microresistojet performance using water propellant for nanosatellite applications SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 43rd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 08-11, 2007 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID MICROSPACECRAFT; CALIBRATION; SYSTEMS; OPTIONS AB Advances in microtechnology manufacturing and capability have led to an increased interest in micro- and nanosatellites. A propulsion system was designed to meet the on-orbit attitude control requirements for nanospacecraft. The free-molecule microresistojet, a low-cost, low-power, high propellant-storage density, and green propulsion system, was analyzed in this study to determine its ability to provide a slew maneuver for a typical 10-kg nanosatellite. Additionally, a free-molecule-microresistojet technology demonstrator was fabricated using traditional and microelectromechanical systems techniques. The technology demonstrator was analyzed and tested in this study to determine its performance characteristics when operating with water propellant. Experimental data show that the free-molecule microresistojet, with a heated wall temperature of 580 K, can attain a specific impulse of 79.2 s with a thrust level of 129 mu N. For a given mass flow, higher thrust levels can be achieved by increasing the temperature of the free-molecule-microresistojet heater chip. The experimental results agree favorably with predicted values from kinetic theory. Applying the measured performance of the technology demonstrator to an optimized setup, the free-molecule-microresistojet system could provide a 45-deg slew of a typical nanosatellite in 60 s, which is acceptable for many nanosatellite applications. C1 [Lee, R. H.; Killingsworth, M. D.] Univ So Calif, Astronaut & Space Technol Div, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Ketsdever, A. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AF Base, Aerophys Branch,Propuls Directorate, San Francisco, CA 93524 USA. [Bauer, A. M.; Lilly, T. C.; Duncan, J. A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Lee, RH (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Astronaut & Space Technol Div, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.2514/1.32341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 285FE UT WOS:000254761900012 ER PT J AU Chioma, VJ Titus, NA AF Chioma, Vincent J. Titus, Nathan A. TI Expected Maneuver and Maneuver covariance models SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 [Chioma, Vincent J.; Titus, Nathan A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chioma, VJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nathan.Titus@afit.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.2514/1.31154 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 285FE UT WOS:000254761900026 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM Curtin, MS Kim, YK Hawkins, RJ Torry, MR AF Tokish, John M. Curtin, Michael S. Kim, Young-Kyu Hawkins, Richard J. Torry, Michael R. TI Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in the asymptomatic professional pitcher and its relationship to humeral retroversion SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glenohumeral internal rotation; humeral retroversion; pitcher ROM ID DISABLED THROWING SHOULDER; BASEBALL PITCHERS; PATHOLOGY; SPECTRUM; MOTION; RANGE; BIOMECHANICS; THROWERS; PLAYERS; ARM AB The purpose of this study was to determine if glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD) exist in an asymptomatic population of professional pitchers, and to assess whether these changes are primarily a bony or soft tissue adaptation. Twenty three, active, asymptomatic professional (Major League Baseball) pitchers volunteered for the study. Clinical measures of glenohumeral ranges of motion, laxity, GIRD, as well as radiographic measures of humeral retroversion were taken by two independent orthopaedic surgeons. Data comparing side to side differences in range of motion, laxity, and humeral retroversion were analyzed for statistical significance using a paired t-test for continuous data and a Chi-squared test for ordinal data, with a significance set at 0.05. Evaluations of statistical correlations between different measurement parameters were accomplished using a Pearson product moment correlation. We hypothesized GIRD will be positively correlated with humeral retroversion (HR) in the pitching arm. All clinical and radiographic measures were made in the field, at spring training, by physicians of both private and institutional based sports medicine practices. For the entire group, significant differences were exhibited for HR, external rotation at 90 and internal rotation at 90, for dominant vs. non-dominant arms. GIRD of greater than 25 was noted in 10/23 of pitchers. In this group, HR was significantly increased and correlated to GIRD. No such increase or correlation was noted for the non-GIRD group. GIRD is a common finding in asymptomatic professional pitchers, and is related to humeral retroversion. Thus internal rotation deficits should not be used as the sole screening tool to diagnose the disabled throwing shoulder. C1 [Torry, Michael R.] Steadman Hawkins Res Fdn, Vail, CO 81657 USA. [Tokish, John M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Curtin, Michael S.] Boise Intermt Orthoped, Boise, ID USA. [Kim, Young-Kyu] Gachen Univ, Dept Orthoped, Inchon, South Korea. [Hawkins, Richard J.] Steadman Hawkins Clin Carolinas, Spartanburg, SC USA. RP Torry, MR (reprint author), Steadman Hawkins Res Fdn, 181 W Meadow Dr,Suite 400, Vail, CO 81657 USA. EM John.Tokish@usafa.af.mil; mcurtain@yahoo.com; kykhyr@ghil.com; Richard.Hawkins@shcc.info; mike.torry@shsmf.org NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOURNAL SPORTS SCIENCE & MEDICINE PI BURSA PA MEDICAL FACULTY ULUDAG UNIV, DEPT SPORTS MEDICINE, BURSA, 16059, TURKEY SN 1303-2968 J9 J SPORT SCI MED JI J. Sport. Sci. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 271IT UT WOS:000253782800011 PM 24150137 ER PT J AU Bulutoglu, DA Margot, F AF Bulutoglu, D. A. Margot, F. TI Classification of orthogonal arrays by integer programming SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE covering arrays; D-optimal designs; fractional factorial designs; isomorphism classes; isomorphism pruning; orthogonal arrays; packing arrays ID BRANCH-AND-CUT; FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL-DESIGNS; COVERING DESIGNS; SYMMETRIC ILP; STRENGTH-3; ISOMORPHISM; ALGORITHM AB The problem of classifying all isomorphism classes of OA (N, k, s, t)'s is shown to be equivalent to finding all isomorphism classes of non-negative integer solutions to a system of linear equations under the symmetry group of the system of equations. A branch-and-cut algorithm developed by Margot [2002. Pruning by isomorphism in branch-and-cut. Math. Programming Ser. A 94, 71-90; 2003a. Exploiting orbits in symmetric ILP. Math. Programming Ser. B 98, 3-21; 2003b. Small covering designs by branch-and-cut. Math. Programming Ser. B 94, 207-220; 2007. Symmetric ILP: coloring and small integers. Discrete Optim., 4, 40-62] for solving integer programming problems with large symmetry groups is used to find all non-isomorphic OA(24, 7, 2, 2)'s, CIA(24, k, 2, 3)'s for 6 <= k <= 11, OA(32, k, 2, 3)'s for 6 <= k <= 11, OA(40, k, 2, 3)'s for 6 <= k <= 10, OA(48, k, 2, 3)'s for 6 <= k <= 8, OA(56, k, 2, 3)'s, OA(80, k, 2,4)'s, OA(112, k, 2,4)'s, for k = 6, 7, OA(64, k, 2, 4)'s, OA(96, k, 2,4)'s for k = 7, 8, and OA(144, k, 2, 4)'s for k = 8, 9. Further applications to classifying covering arrays with the minimum number of runs and packing arrays with the maximum number of runs are presented. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bulutoglu, D. A.] USAF, Inst Technol ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Margot, F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Tepper Sch Business, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Bulutoglu, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol ENC, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dursun.bulutoglu@afit.edu; fmargot@andrew.cmu.edu NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 EI 1873-1171 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 138 IS 3 BP 654 EP 666 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2006.12.003 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 261SH UT WOS:000253099800009 ER PT J AU Dolan, JP Downey, DM Sheppard, BC Fennerty, MB Hunter, JG AF Dolan, James P. Downey, Douglas M. Sheppard, Brett C. Fennerty, M. Brian Hunter, John G. TI Evaluation of endoscopic full-thickness plication on anti-reflux valve competency SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE GERD; endoluminal therapy; plication; endoscopy ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX DISEASE; GERD; NISSEN; FUNDOPLICATIONS AB BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the efficacy of endoscopically created, full-thickness plications on the competency of the anti-reflux barrier when placed at different positions on the stomach adjacent to the gastroesophageal junction. METHODS: Explanted human cadaver stomachs and esophagi were used. An endoscopic plication system (Plicator, NDO Surgical, Mansfield, Massachusetts) was then fitted over a pediatric gastroscope and passed through the esophagus into the stomach. A full-thickness plicacion implant was then deployed at 1 of 3 positions (fundus, anterior, and between the anterior and the lesser curvature) on the explanted stomach within I cm of the gastroesophageal junction. Intragastric pressure was measured before and after plication at the time of visible reflux from the esophagus (reflux threshold) using a water-perfused manometer. RESULTS: Five explanted stomachs were used. The mean reflux threshold before plication (baseline) was 1.7 mm Hg. A single plication at each position resulted universally In a significantly increased reflux threshold over the baseline value (p < 0.006). The greatest reflux threshold was observed when plication was performed on the anterior wall of the stomach, although this reflux pressure did not achieve statistical significance over the other 2 positions. A second plication performed adjacent to the initial plication at the fundus (n = 2) and anterior (11 = 2) positions did increase reflux threshold; however, this increase also failed to achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results Suggest that an endoscopic, full-thickness plication system can inhibit gastroesophageal reflux effectively in an explanted stomach model. Although anterior plication resulted in the greatest intragastric pressure at reflux, it was not significantly different from intragastric pressure recorded at the other plication positions. A second plication adjacent to the first showed incremental effect, but larger studies are warranted to understand its clinical significance. C1 [Dolan, James P.; Sheppard, Brett C.; Hunter, John G.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Div Gen Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Dolan, James P.; Sheppard, Brett C.; Hunter, John G.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Digest Hlth Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Downey, Douglas M.] Wright State Univ, Dept Surg, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Fennerty, M. Brian] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Fennerty, M. Brian] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Digest Hlth Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Dolan, JP (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 81 MSGS-SGCQ,301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM james.dolan@keesler.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1931-7204 J9 J SURG EDUC JI J. Surg. Educ. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2007.10.001 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Surgery SC Education & Educational Research; Surgery GA 340RY UT WOS:000258663900017 PM 18439539 ER PT J AU Hagberg, SM Woitalla, F Crawford, P AF Hagberg, Stephen M. Woitalla, Finbar Crawford, Paul TI 2002 ACC/AHA guideline versus clinician judgment as diagnostic tests for chest pain SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE CARDIAC ISCHEMIA; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PREDICTIVE INSTRUMENT; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; ACI-TIPI; DISEASE; MULTICENTER; PROTOCOL; TRIAGE AB Purpose: Hospital admissions for chest pain are frequent and costly. The use of objective criteria to determine the need for hospitalization may save money. Here we compare the 2002 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to clinical judgment as diagnostic tests to predict which patients with chest pain will develop positive cardiac troponin-I. Methods: Researchers conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to a military community hospital for chest pain over a 2-year period. The study determined sensitivity and specificity for both the ACC/AHA guidelines and consensus of clinical judgment to predict which subjects would develop positive cardiac troponin-I. Results: Positive cardiac troponin-I was very low (7 of 386). Both the ACC/AHA guidelines and clinical judgment had sensitivities of 100% (95% CI, 65-100) to predict positive cardiac troponin-I. The ACC/AHA guideline was 13% specific (95% CI, 12-13), with clinical judgment at 48% (95% CI, 47-48). Classification as low risk had a high negative predictive value (ACC/AHA guideline, 1.00 [ 95% CI, 0.95-1.00]; clinical judgment, 1.00 [ 95% CI, 0.99-1.00]). Conclusion: Patients categorized as low risk by either method could probably be discharged from the emergency department without developing positive troponin-I. C1 [Crawford, Paul] Eglin AFB, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Woitalla, Finbar] Dyess AFB, Dyess AFB, TX USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), Eglin AFB, 307 Boatner Rd,Ste 114, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM Drpaulcrawford@aol.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2008.02.070146 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 274HV UT WOS:000253993300004 PM 18343857 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Mathger, LM Hanlon, RT Urbas, AM Stone, MO AF Sutherland, Richard L. Mathger, Lydia M. Hanlon, Roger T. Urbas, Augustine M. Stone, Morley O. TI Cephalopod coloration model. I. Squid chromatophores and iridophores SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LOLLIGUNCULA-BREVIS; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; CAMOUFLAGE; PIGMENTS; LIGHT AB We have developed a mathematical model of skin coloration in cephalopods, a class of aquatic animals. Cephalopods utilize neurological and physiological control of various skin components to achieve active camouflage and communication. Specific physical processes of this coloration are identified and modeled, utilizing available biological materials data, to simulate active spectral changes in pigment-bearing organs and structural iridescent cells. Excellent agreement with in vitro measurements of squid skin is obtained. A detailed understanding of the physical principles underlying cephalopod coloration is expected to yield insights into the behavioral ecology of these animals. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Sutherland, Richard L.; Urbas, Augustine M.; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Mathger, Lydia M.; Hanlon, Roger T.] Marine Biol Lab, Marine Resources Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com RI Hanlon, Roger/Q-8687-2016 OI Hanlon, Roger/0000-0003-0004-5674 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 39 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 3 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.000588 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 282EL UT WOS:000254550300007 PM 18311226 ER PT J AU Samiee, M Garre, K Cahay, M Kosel, PB Fairchild, S Fraser, JW Lockwood, DJ AF Samiee, M. Garre, K. Cahay, M. Kosel, P. B. Fairchild, S. Fraser, J. W. Lockwood, D. J. TI Field emission characteristics of a lanthanum monosulfide cold cathode array fabricated using microelectromechanical systems technology SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2008 CL Chicago, IL ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS AB Using microelectromechanical systems technology, an array of cold cathodes was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition of chemically and thermally stable lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) thin film anode and cathode contacts. The latter were defined via etching and processing of two different pieces of (100) Si wafers separated via a highly resistive sputter deposited aluminum nitride (A1N) layer, whose thickness was used to control the anode to cathode spacing. The top and bottom Si wafers were aligned and glued together using high temperature, vacuum compatible epoxy. Field emission characteristics were recorded in a vacuum chamber with a base pressure less than 10(-7) Torr. An average electric field threshold for Fowler-Nordheim field emission in the range of 100 V/mu m was measured. The largest emission current measured was about 5 x 10(-7) A, above which thermal runaway occurred, leading to a failure of the cathode. The failure mechanism is analyzed in terms of a patchwork field emission model from the LaS thin film reported recently. Suggestions for improvements in the cathode design are discussed. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Samiee, M.; Garre, K.; Cahay, M.; Kosel, P. B.] Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S.] USAF, Res Lab, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fraser, J. W.; Lockwood, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Samiee, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mcahay@ececs.uc.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1116/1.2837893 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 282XL UT WOS:000254600600056 ER PT J AU Cahay, M Garre, K Fraser, JW Lockwood, DJ Semet, V Binh, VT Kanchibotla, B Bandyopadhyay, S Grazulis, L Das, B AF Cahay, M. Garre, K. Fraser, J. W. Lockwood, D. J. Semet, V. Binh, Vu Thien Kanchibotla, B. Bandyopadhyay, S. Grazulis, L. Das, B. TI Field emission properties of metallic nanostructures self-assembled on nanoporous alumina and silicon templates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2008 CL Chicago, IL ID INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBES; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; CATHODES; ARRAYS; MICROSCOPY; NANOWIRES AB Two types of nanoscale field emitter arrays have been self-assembled using either flexible alumina templates containing hexagonal close packed pores that are 50 nm wide and 500 nm long or nanoporous Si templates. The first type is an array of gold "nanopinetrees" obtained by e-beam evaporation of a few nanometers of gold on bare alumina templates. The second type is a nickel "nanoblade" array formed by e-beam evaporation of a few nanometers of nickel on nanoporous Si templates. The field emission characteristics of both mesoscopic structures were measured using a scanning field emission microscope, and results were analyzed in terms of the cathode material emission. This synthetic approach for producing nanoscale field emitters could lead to a versatile and inexpensive technology for synthesizing flexible arrays of nanoscale cold cathode emitters. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Cahay, M.; Garre, K.] Univ Cincinnati, ECE Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fraser, J. W.; Lockwood, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Semet, V.; Binh, Vu Thien] Univ Lyon 1, UCBL, LPMN CNRS, Euipe Emiss Electron, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Kanchibotla, B.; Bandyopadhyay, S.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Grazulis, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Das, B.] Univ Las Vegas Nevada, Nevada Nanotechnol Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89514 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, ECE Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mcahay@ececs.uc.edu RI Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo/A-2291-2008 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1116/1.2824979 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 282XL UT WOS:000254600600079 ER PT J AU Fairchild, S Cahay, M Grazulis, L Garre, K Wu, X Lockwood, DJ Semet, V Binh, VT AF Fairchild, S. Cahay, M. Grazulis, L. Garre, K. Wu, X. Lockwood, D. J. Semet, V. Binh, Vu Thien TI Field emission from lanthanum monosulfide thin films grown on the (100) magnesium oxide substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2008 CL Chicago, IL ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CATHODES AB Lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on the (100) magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates at an elevated substrate temperature and in a background gas of H2S. The thin films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The film surface is composed of grainlike features with an average size of approximately 34 nm. The root-mean-square variation of the film surface roughness measured over a 2 x 2 mu m(2) area by AFM was found to be approximately 1.5 nm. XRD data indicate that the average size of the nanocrystalline grains in the film is about 26 nm, which is about twice the size of the grains found in LaS thin films deposited at room temperature on Si. The field emission (FE) properties of the films have been characterized by scanning anode field emission microscopy and are interpreted in terms of a recently developed patchwork FE model. The FE data indicate that there is roughly a seven times increase in emission area due to the (100) patch areas outcropping the surface for LaS/MgO compared to LaS/Si thin films. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Fairchild, S.; Grazulis, L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cahay, M.; Garre, K.] Univ Cincinnati, ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Wu, X.; Lockwood, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Semet, V.; Binh, Vu Thien] Univ Lyon 1, LPMCN CNRS, Equipe Emiss Electron, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mcahay@ececs.uc.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 891 EP 897 DI 10.1116/1.2837909 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 282XL UT WOS:000254600600080 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL McBride, BT AF Peterson, Gilbert L. McBride, Brent T. TI The importance of generalizability for anomaly detection SO KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE clustering; anomaly detection; convex polytope; ellipsoid ID INTRUSIONS; MODEL AB In security-related areas there is concern over novel "zero-day" attacks that penetrate system defenses and wreak havoc. The best methods for countering these threats are recognizing "nonself" as in an Artificial Immune System or recognizing "self" through clustering. For either case, the concern remains that something that appears similar to self could be missed. Given this situation, one could incorrectly assume that a preference for a tighter fit to self over generalizability is important for false positive reduction in this type of learning problem. This article confirms that in anomaly detection as in other forms of classification a tight fit, although important, does not supersede model generality. This is shown using three systems each with a different geometric bias in the decision space. The first two use spherical and ellipsoid clusters with a k-means algorithm modified to work on the one-class/blind classification problem. The third is based on wrapping the self points with a multidimensional convex hull (polytope) algorithm capable of learning disjunctive concepts via a thresholding constant. All three of these algorithms are tested using the Voting dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, the MIT Lincoln Labs intrusion detection dataset, and the lossy-compressed steganalysis domain. C1 [Peterson, Gilbert L.; McBride, Brent T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gilbert.peterson@afit.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0219-1377 J9 KNOWL INF SYST JI Knowl. Inf. Syst. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 377 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10115-007-0072-8 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 277HK UT WOS:000254203100006 ER PT J AU Pochiraju, KV Tandon, GP Schoeppner, GA AF Pochiraju, K. V. Tandon, G. P. Schoeppner, G. A. TI Evolution of stress and deformations in high-temperature polymer matrix composites during thermo-oxidative aging SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high-temperature polymer matrix composites; oxidation; shrinkage; oxidation induced stress; damage; anisotropic oxidation; modeling; PMR-15 ID OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; DIFFUSION; RESINS; CREEP; MODEL AB This paper presents a model-based analysis of thermo-oxidative behavior in high-temperature polymer matrix composite (HTPMC) materials. The thermo-oxidative behavior of the composite differs from that of the constituents as the composite microstructure, the fiber/matrix interphase/interface behavior and damage mechanisms introduce anisotropy in the diffusion and oxidation behavior. Three-dimensional Galerkin finite element methods (GFEM) that model the thermo-oxidative layer growth with time are used together with homogenization techniques to analyze lamina-scale behavior using representative volume elements (RVEs). Thermo-oxidation-induced shrinkage is characterized from dimensional changes observed during aging in inert (argon) and oxidative (air) environments. Temperature-dependent macro-scale (bulk) mechanical testing and nano-indentation techniques are used for characterizing the effect of oxidative aging on modulus evolution. The stress and deformation fields in a single ply unidirectional lamina are studied using coupled oxidation evolution and non-linear elastic deformation analyses. Deformation and stress states are shown as a function of the aging time. While the thermo-oxidative processes are controlled by diffusion phenomenon in neat resin, the onset and propagation of damage determines the oxidative response of an HTPMC. C1 [Pochiraju, K. V.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, AFRL, RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochiraju, KV (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM kishore.pochiraju@stevens.edu OI Pochiraju, Kishore/0000-0002-0248-8658 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 45 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s11043-007-9042-5 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 283GM UT WOS:000254624700004 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, P. D. Goetz, R. L. Semiatin, S. L. TI Effect of stress and strain path on cavity closure during hot working of an alpha/beta titanium alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CAVITATION; TI-6AL-4V; DEFORMATION; TORSION; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; REVERSAL; STATE AB The effect of strain path and stress state on deformation and cavitation during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V was established via torsion-compression and reversed-torsion tests. Measurements of the cavity area fraction and the size of individual cavities revealed that the rate of cavity closure during the change in strain path following torsion is approximately twice as large in compression compared to reversed torsion. The observations were interpreted in the context of the effect of texture on local stress state and a micromechanical model for the consolidation of porous media. From an engineering standpoint, this work also indicated that the rate of cavity closure decreases with increasing deformation, thus suggesting that very large strains may be required to totally heal damage. C1 [Nicolaou, P. D.; Goetz, R. L.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL MLLM, AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), El Venizelou 31, Megara 19100, Greece. EM nicolaouP@aget.gr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 39A IS 3 BP 659 EP 665 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9422-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 262FD UT WOS:000253133500017 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Goodie, MJL Satterfield, WA Brim, WL AF Peterson, Alan L. Goodie, Maj Jeffrey L. Satterfield, William A. Brim, William L. TI Sleep disturbance during military deployment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; BEHAVIOR-THERAPY; CHRONIC INSOMNIA; SCALE; METAANALYSIS; PHARMACOTHERAPY; MANAGEMENT; FATIGUE AB This preliminary investigation evaluated symptoms of sleep disturbance and insomnia in a group of 156 deployed military personnel. A 21-item Military Deployment Survey of Sleep was administered to provide self-reported estimates of a variety of sleep parameters. The results indicated that 74% of participants rated their quality of sleep as significantly worse in the deployed environment, 40% had a sleep efficiency of <85%, and 42% had a sleep onset latency of >30 minutes. Night-shift workers had significantly worse sleep efficiency and more problems getting to sleep and staying asleep as compared to day-shift workers. The results of the study indicate the need for programs to help deployed military members get more and better sleep. C1 [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Goodie, Maj Jeffrey L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Satterfield, William A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Brim, William L.] Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, Mail Code 7792,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM petersona3@uthscsa.edu NR 54 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 230 EP 235 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100002 PM 18419023 ER PT J AU Trei, JS Carvelli, KM AF Trei, Jill S. Carvelli, Katharine M. TI Completeness and timeliness of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae genital infection reporting in the US Air Force SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) are reportable diseases in the U.S. Air Force. Base-level personnel enter laboratory-confirmed cases into the Air Force Reportable Events Surveillance System (AFRESS). To examine completeness and timeliness of CT and GC reporting, we compared laboratory and AFRESS records collected between 2000 and 2005. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify trends in reporting over time. Of 23,118 CT laboratory-confirmed cases, 74.0% were reported into AFRESS; of 1,897 GC cases, 57.5% were reported. CT reporting completeness increased through 2003, but declined afterward; completeness of GC reporting steadily declined throughout the study. The median time between collection and reporting dates was 12.0 days and 13.5 days for CT and GC, respectively. Timeliness of CT reporting improved until mid-2004, after which it sharply declined; GC reporting timeliness declined throughout the study. Monitoring data, training personnel, and adopting an electronic reporting system may improve data quality. C1 [Trei, Jill S.; Carvelli, Katharine M.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Carvelli, Katharine M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Trei, Jill S.] Core6 Solut, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. RP Trei, JS (reprint author), 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM jill.trei.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100015 PM 18419036 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Matsangas, P Dyche, J AF Miller, Nita Lewis Shattuck, Lawrence G. Matsangas, Panagiotis Dyche, Jeff TI Sleep and Academic Performance in US Military Training and Education Programs SO MIND BRAIN AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB This review examines the effects of military training regimes, which might include some degree of sleep deprivation, on sleep-wake schedules. We report a 4-year longitudinal study of sleep patterns of cadets at the United States Military Academy and the consequences of an extension of sleep from 6 to 8 hr per night at the United States Navy's Recruit Training Command. These studies provide an opportunity to observe sleep in a college-age population and also to record sleep patterns over an entire 4-year college experience, adding to our understanding of the changes in sleep patterns over the life span. C1 [Miller, Nita Lewis] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Dyche, Jeff] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Dr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nlmiller@nps.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1751-2271 J9 MIND BRAIN EDUC JI Mind Brain Educ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2008.00026.x PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Developmental SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA V15NN UT WOS:000207808800006 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Tavassoli, FA AF Fadare, Oluwole Tavassoli, Fattaneh A. TI Clinical and pathologic aspects of basal-like breast cancers SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE basal-like; basal type; breast; gene-expression profiling; pathology ID INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMAS; GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURE; GERMLINE BRCA1 MUTATIONS; CENTRAL ACELLULAR ZONES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; EPITHELIAL PHENOTYPE; MOLECULAR PORTRAITS; BRAIN METASTASES; MYOEPITHELIAL DIFFERENTIATION; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE AB Gene-expression profiling of breast cancers has shown that distinct molecular subclasses are present within tumors that are apparently morphologically similar. The molecular subclasses of cohorts classified by the 'intrinsic' gene set include the luminal A and B, erbB-2(+), normal-breast-like, and basal-like tumors. Basal-like breast cancers have been reported to be associated with worse overall and disease-free survival compared with the luminal A subtype. In addition, there is an immunohistochemical surrogate for the basal-like profile, which has considerably facilitated their study in non-specialty laboratories. Basal-like breast carcinomas have markedly reduced expression of genes related to estrogen receptors and erbB-2, and express proteins that are characteristic of the normal myoepithelial cell. This Review appraises the current state of knowledge on the clinical and pathologic features of breast cancers classified as 'basal-like' by gene-expression profiling and/or immunohistochemical criteria. These tumors seem to be relatively heterogeneous according to a multitude of clinicopathologic parameters, which indicates that their most prognostically relevant subsets have yet to be defined. Similarly to tumors of luminal epithelial differentiation, carcinomas of the 'basal' type have a spectrum of morphologic and clinical characteristics. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Tavassoli, Fattaneh A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Suite 1,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 97 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1743-4254 J9 NAT CLIN PRACT ONCOL JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1038/ncponc1038 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 266SH UT WOS:000253456800009 PM 18212769 ER PT J AU Fontanari, JF Perlovsky, LI AF Fontanari, Jose F. Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI How language can help discrimination in the Neural Modelling Fields framework SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE acquisition of language; clustering algorithms; Neural Modeling Fields ID COGNITION; WORDS AB The relationship between thought and language and, in particular, the issue of whether and how language influences thought is still a matter of fierce debate. Here we consider a discrimination task scenario to study language acquisition in which an agent receives linguistic input from an external teacher, in addition to sensory stimuli from the objects that exemplify the overlapping categories that make up the environment. Sensory and linguistic input signals are fused using the Neural Modelling Fields (NMF) categorization algorithm. We find that the agent with language is capable of differentiating object features that it could not distinguish without language. In this sense, the linguistic stimuli prompt the agent to redefine and refine the discrimination capacity of its sensory channels. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fontanari, Jose F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid I.] AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Fontanari, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Caixo Postal 369, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM fontanari@ifsc.usp.br; Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil RI Fontanari, Jose/A-4511-2008; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 OI Fontanari, Jose/0000-0001-9413-1922; NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 EI 1879-2782 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2-3 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.neunet.2007.12.007 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 292AM UT WOS:000255238800016 PM 18191380 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Stooke, A Boyadjian, G Voci, A Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Stooke, Adam Boyadjian, Gregory Voci, Adam Knize, R. J. TI Rubidium vapor laser pumped by two laser diode arrays SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM LASER AB Scaling of alkali lasers to higher powers requires using multiple diode lasers for pumping. The first (to our knowledge) results of a cw rubidium laser pumped by two laser diode arrays are presented. A slope efficiency of 53%, total optical efficiency of 46%, and output power of 17 W have been demonstrated. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Stooke, Adam; Boyadjian, Gregory; Voci, Adam; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 11 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 414 EP 415 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000414 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 282KE UT WOS:000254565700001 PM 18311276 ER PT J AU Bochove, EJ AF Bochove, Erik J. TI Gain analysis and design of evanescently coupled N+1 core fiber laser arrays SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-LOCKING; MODES; BEAM AB Using coupled mode theory it is shown how transverse mode shaping and selection can be performed, including in-phase operation, by engineering of the refractive index and gain. Analytical predictions are confirmed by a detailed numerical model. C1 AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM erik.bochove@kirtland.af.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 464 EP 466 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000464 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 282KE UT WOS:000254565700018 PM 18311293 ER PT J AU Rehg, MT Miceli, MP Near, JP Van Scotter, JR AF Rehg, Michael T. Miceli, Marcia P. Near, Janet P. Van Scotter, James R. TI Antecedents and outcomes of retaliation against whistleblowers: Gender differences and power relationships SO ORGANIZATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE retailation; whistle-blowing; gender; power relationships ID ILLEGAL CORPORATE-BEHAVIOR; LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE; COMMON FACTOR-ANALYSIS; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; BLOWERS; PREDICTORS; SILENCE; MODEL; CONSEQUENCES AB Whistle-blowing represents an influence attempt in which organization member(s) try to persuade other members to cease wrongdoing; sometimes they fail; sometimes they succeed; sometimes they suffer reprisal. We investigated whether women experienced more retaliation than men, testing propositions derived from theories about gender differences and power variables, and using data from military and civilian employees of a large U. S. base. Being female was correlated with perceived retaliation. Results of structural equation modeling showed significant gender differences in antecedents and outcomes of retaliation. For men, lack of support from others and low whistleblower's power were significantly related to retaliation; for women, lack of support from others, serious wrongdoing, and the wrongdoing's direct effect on the whistleblower were significantly associated with retaliation. Retaliation in turn was negatively related to relationships with the supervisor for both men and women, and positively related to women's - but not men's - decisions to blow the whistle again, using external channels. We finish by discussing implications for theory and practice. C1 [Rehg, Michael T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miceli, Marcia P.] Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Near, Janet P.] Indiana Univ, Kelley Sch Business, Dept Management, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Van Scotter, James R.] Louisiana State Univ, EJ Ourso Coll Business Adm, Dept Informat Syst & Decis Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rehg, MT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.rehg@afit.edu; micelim@msb.edu; near@indiana.edu; jvanscot@1su.edu OI Van Scotter, James/0000-0003-0000-3247 NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 30 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1047-7039 J9 ORGAN SCI JI Organ Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.1287/orsc.1070.0310 PG 20 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 287MS UT WOS:000254921800003 ER PT J AU King, DR Slotegraaf, RJ Kesner, I AF King, David R. Slotegraaf, Rebecca J. Kesner, Idalene TI Performance implications of firm resource interactions in the acquisition of R&D-intensive firms SO ORGANIZATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE merger and acquisition; resource-based view; high technology ID STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; POSTACQUISITION PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGICAL-INNOVATION; INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITIONS; HORIZONTAL ACQUISITIONS; ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS; KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER; MERGER STRATEGIES; ACQUIRING FIRMS AB We explore the role of resource interactions in explaining firm performance in the context of acquisitions. Although we confirm that acquisitions do not lead to higher performance on average, we do find that complementary resource profiles in target and acquiring firms are associated with abnormal returns. Specifically, we find that acquiring firm marketing resources and target firm technology resources positively reinforce ( complement) each other; meanwhile, acquiring and target firm technology resources negatively reinforce ( substitute) one another. Implications for management theory and practice are identified. C1 [King, David R.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slotegraaf, Rebecca J.; Kesner, Idalene] Indiana Univ, Kelley Sch Business, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP King, DR (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.king.2@us.af.mil; rslotegr@indiana.edu; ikesner@indiana.edu RI King, David/B-2204-2012 OI King, David/0000-0001-8463-8439 NR 136 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 9 U2 46 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1047-7039 J9 ORGAN SCI JI Organ Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1287/orsc.1070.0313 PG 14 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 287MS UT WOS:000254921800009 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Pierce, NA Varanasi, C AF Sumption, M. D. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. Campbell, T. A. Pierce, N. A. Varanasi, C. TI Magnetization creep and decay in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) thin films with artificial nanostructure pinning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; PLASTIC VORTEX CREEP; ACTIVATED FLUX-CREEP; MELT-PROCESSED YBCO; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; HYSTERESIS LOOPS AB Critical current and flux pinning have been studied for YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) thin films with Y(2)BaCuO(5) (211) precipitates introduced as layers and as random distributions. The 211 precipitates were introduced during pulsed laser deposition. In the case of the layered sample, the strata were spaced approximately 6.5 nm apart throughout the film thickness. Magnetically determined critical current density (J(c)) was then fitted to Jc alpha B(-alpha) above a magnetic field B*, below which a relatively field independent J(c-self-field) was observed, consistent with previous results. Values of alpha were suppressed from the control sample values of alpha=0.5 to lower values for pinned samples, reaching alpha=0.2 for the layer pinned 211 sample at low temperatures. M-H was then measured as a function of ramp rate, and U(J) vs J curves were extracted for temperatures from 4.2 to 77 K for pinned and control samples. Direct magnetization decay measurements were made for the 211 layer pinned sample, and good agreement was seen with ramp-rate-derived results. Using U(J)=(U(0)/mu)[J(c)/J)(mu)-1]B(-nu), values of mu congruent to 0.6-0.8 were seen for all samples, while nu congruent to 0.4 for control samples, 0.1 for layer pinned samples, and 0.2-0.4 for the random pinned samples. The activation energy scale U(0) was 600-700 and 400 K for layer pinned and control samples, respectively, and 400-500 K for the random pinned samples. The values of mu and nu extracted were inconsistent with two dimensional pinning behavior in all cases, even though the layer spacing in the layer pinned sample is smaller than the calculated collective correlation length. While the layer pinned sample is clearly in the collective pinning regime, the artificial defects in the random pinned sample may be in the isolated strong pinning regime. C1 [Sumption, M. D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.; Campbell, T. A.; Pierce, N. A.] Wright Patterson AFB, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sumption, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 9 AR 094506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.094506 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 282BL UT WOS:000254542500129 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Conformation of a coarse-grained protein chain (an aspartic acid protease) model in effective solvent by a bond-fluctuating Monte Carlo simulation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 PROTEASE; IN-SILICO; DYNAMICS; INHIBITOR; PEPTIDE; DESIGN AB In a coarse-grained description of a protein chain, all of the 20 amino acid residues can be broadly divided into three groups: Hydrophobic (H), polar (P), and electrostatic (E). A protein can be described by nodes tethered in a chain with a node representing an amino acid group. Aspartic acid protease consists of 99 residues in a well-defined sequence of H, P, and E nodes tethered together by fluctuating bonds. The protein chain is placed on a cubic lattice where empty lattice sites constitute an effective solvent medium. The amino groups (nodes) interact with the solvent (S) sites with appropriate attractive (PS) and repulsive (HS) interactions with the solvent and execute their stochastic movement with the Metropolis algorithm. Variations of the root mean square displacements of the center of mass and that of its center node of the protease chain and its gyration radius with the time steps are examined for different solvent strength. The structure of the protease swells on increasing the solvent interaction strength which tends to enhance the relaxation time to reach the diffusive behavior of the chain. Equilibrium radius of gyration increases linearly on increasing the solvent strength: A slow rate of increase in weak solvent regime is followed by a faster swelling in stronger solvent. Variation of the gyration radius with the time steps suggests that the protein chain moves via contraction and expansion in a somewhat quasiperiodic pattern particularly in strong solvent. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 3 AR 031902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.031902 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 282AJ UT WOS:000254539700108 PM 18517417 ER PT J AU Millenbaugh, NJ Roth, C Sypniewska, R Chan, V Eggers, JS Kiel, JL Blystone, RV Mason, PA AF Millenbaugh, Nancy J. Roth, Caleb Sypniewska, Roza Chan, Victor Eggers, Jeffrey S. Kiel, Johnathan L. Blystone, Robert V. Mason, Patrick A. TI Gene expression changes in the skin of rats induced by prolonged 35 GHz millimeter-wave exposure SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATORY FAILURE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; THERMAL RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; IRRADIATION; PROTEINS; ADHESION; INHIBITOR AB To better understand the cellular and molecular responses to overexposure to millimeter waves, alterations in the gene expression profile and histology of skin after exposure to 35 GHz radiofrequency radiation were investigated. Rats were subjected to sham exposure,, to 42 degrees C environmental heat, or to 35 GHz millimeter waves at 75 mW/cm(2). Skin samples were collected at 6 and 24 h after exposure for Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. The skin was harvested from a separate group of rats at 3-6 h or 24-48 h after exposure for histopathology analysis. Microscopic findings observed in the dermis of rats exposed to 35 GHz millimeter waves included aggregation of neutrophils in vessels, degeneration of stromal cells, and breakdown of collagen. Changes were detected in 56 genes at 6 h and 58 genes at 24 h in the millimeter-wave-exposed rats. Genes associated with regulation of transcription, protein folding, oxidative stress, immune response, and tissue matrix turnover were affected at both times. At 24 h, more genes related to extracellular matrix structure and chemokine activity were altered. Up-regulation of Hspa1a, Timp1, S1000, Ccl2 and Angptl4 at 24 h by 35 GHz millimeter-wave exposure was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. These results obtained from histopathology, microarrays and RT-PCR indicate that prolonged exposure to 35 GHz millimeter waves causes thermally related stress and injury in skin while triggering repair processes involving inflammation and tissue matrix recovery. (C) 2008 by Radiation Research Society. C1 [Millenbaugh, Nancy J.; Roth, Caleb; Sypniewska, Roza] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Eggers, Jeffrey S.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Vet Sci Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Mason, Patrick A.] USAF, Res Lab,Radio Frrequency Radiat Branch, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Kiel, Johnathan L.] USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Chan, Victor] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blystone, Robert V.] Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Millenbaugh, NJ (reprint author), AFRL, RHDR, Bldg 1162,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM nancy.millenbaugh.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 41 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 169 IS 3 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1667/RR1121.1 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 267ML UT WOS:000253513000005 PM 18302488 ER PT J AU Lobad, AI Pease, EA Dawson, LR Krishna, S Schlie, LAV AF Lobad, Ahmed I. Pease, E. A. Dawson, L. R. Krishna, Sanjay Schlie, L. A. Vern TI Extraction of radiative and nonradiative rates in Sb based midwave infrared lasers using a novel approach SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION-CORRELATION; AUGER RECOMBINATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; DEVICE; GAAS AB We developed a technique using nonlinear correlation of photoluminescence (PL) to characterize midwave infrared lasers by extracting the density and temperature dependence of the carrier lifetime and its exact branching into radiative and nonradiative processes. This was accomplished, without time resolving the PL recovery, through mathematical optimization. We extracted this information by using a laser source that can be operated in both continuous-wave and short pulse modes. Through fitting of the PL signal and its nonlinear correlation for both laser modes of operation, the carrier lifetime as a function of density is extracted. As a proof of principle, we investigated a midinfrared Sb based laser and showed that the radiative branching ratio drops from similar to 54% at 80 K to about 3% at room temperature, resulting from an order of magnitude increase in the nonradiative rate coupled with a factor of 2 reduction in the radiative rate. We believe that this is a very generic approach and can be extended to various luminescing material systems. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lobad, Ahmed I.] Boeing LTS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Pease, E. A.; Dawson, L. R.; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Schlie, L. A. Vern] USAF, Res Lab, Directoreate Directed Energy, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lobad, AI (reprint author), Boeing LTS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM ahmed.lobad@kirtland.af.mil RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 AR 033904 DI 10.1063/1.2894310 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 281ZT UT WOS:000254538100034 PM 18377022 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE Fajardo, RS AF Campbell, Scot E. Fajardo, Ryan S. TI Imaging of stress injuries of the pelvis SO SEMINARS IN MUSCULOSKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress fracture; fatigue fracture; insufficiency fracture; stress injuries ID VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURES; BONE-MARROW ABNORMALITIES; HUMAN COMPACT-BONE; RELAXATION-TIMES; INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES; LOWER-EXTREMITY; WATER-CONTENT; FATIGUE; MICRODAMAGE; MRI AB Stress fractures are common, representing the final stage in a continuum of bone response to continued mechanical damage. Encompassing fatigue- and insufficiency-type fractures, stress fractures of the pelvis are likely underreported. Radiographs are insensitive to stress injuries, particularly those in the pelvis, whereas scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging are exquisitely sensitive. In this article we discuss the pathophysiology and imaging appearances of stress injuries of the pelvis and sacrum. Relevant literature regarding risk factors, problem-solving issues, and an imaging algorithm are discussed, with the goal of improving accuracy in the diagnosis of these common injuries. C1 [Campbell, Scot E.; Fajardo, Ryan S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, Musculoskeletal Imaging Sect, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Campbell, SE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, Musculoskeletal Imaging Sect, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM scot.campbell@lackland.af.mil NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1089-7860 J9 SEMIN MUSCULOSKEL R JI Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1055/s-2008-1067938 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 286GS UT WOS:000254835000007 PM 18382945 ER PT J AU Ivnitski, D Artyushkova, K Rincon, RA Atanassov, P Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR AF Ivnitski, Dmitri Artyushkova, Kateryna Rincon, Rosalba A. Atanassov, Plamen Luckarift, Heather R. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Entrapment of enzymes and carbon nanotubes in biologically synthesized silica: Glucose oxidase-catalyzed direct electron transfer SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE electron transfer; glucose oxidase; nanocomposites; photoelectron spectroscopy; silica immobilization ID DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY; IMMOBILIZATION; FILMS; SURFACE; BIOELECTROCATALYSIS; BIOTECHNOLOGY AB This work demonstrates a new approach for building bioinorganic interfaces by integrating biologically derived silica with single-walled carbon nanotubes to create a conductive matrix for immobilization of enzymes. Such a strategy not only allows simple integration into biodevices but presents an opportunity to intimately interface an enzyme and manifest direct electron transfer features. Biologically synthesized silica/carbon nanotube/enzyme composites are evaluated electrochemically and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Voltammetry of the composites displayed stable oxidation and reduction peaks at an optimal potential close to that of the FAD/FADH(2) cofactor of immobilized glucose oxidase. The immobilized enzyme is stable for a period of one month and retains catalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose. It is demonstrated that the resulting composite can be successfully integrated into functional bioelectrodes for biosensor and biofuel cell applications. C1 [Ivnitski, Dmitri; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Rincon, Rosalba A.; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Atanassov, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu; hluckarift@gtcom.net RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008; Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422; NR 36 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 4 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1002/smll.200700725 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 280RP UT WOS:000254444200013 PM 18273853 ER PT J AU Kleismit, RA Campbell, AL Kozlowski, G Haugan, TJ Biggers, RR Maartense, I Hopkins, SC Barnes, PL Peterson, TL AF Kleismit, Richard A. Campbell, Angela L. Kozlowski, Gregory Haugan, Timothy J. Biggers, Rand R. Maartense, Iman Hopkins, Simon C. Barnes, Paul L. Peterson, Timothy L. TI Electromagnetic characterization of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films with calcium doping for bi-crystal grain boundary conductivity enhancement SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL CURRENTS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; MICROSCOPY; BICRYSTALS AB The objective of this study was to examine the transport properties of two YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films with (Y0.9Ca0.1)(2)BaCuO5 additions deposited on vicinal SrTiO3 6 degrees bi-crystal substrates and to investigate the possible correlations between spatial calcium distribution and local electromagnetic properties across bi-crystal grain boundaries using evanescent microwave microscopy (EMM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The samples under consideration differed in transport critical current measurements by a factor of two although they were deposited on the same type of bi-crystal substrate. A near-field evanescent microwave microscope based on a coaxial transmission line resonator with an end-wall aperture was used to measure changes in conductivity local to the bi-crystal boundary of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films below (79.2 K) and above ( room temperature) the superconducting transition temperature. Atomic concentration measurements by electron microprobe analysis were performed in the same regions, and a clear correlation between calcium distribution and conductivity at 79.2 K ( as represented by the change in quality factor) was found. Surface potential imaging (SPI) and quality factor scans in the area of the bi-crystal grain boundaries were performed at room temperature using AFM and EMM, respectively, to evaluate local electromagnetic properties in the normal state and investigate their correlation with superconducting properties. C1 [Kleismit, Richard A.; Kozlowski, Gregory] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Campbell, Angela L.; Haugan, Timothy J.; Biggers, Rand R.; Maartense, Iman; Barnes, Paul L.; Peterson, Timothy L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kozlowski, Gregory; Hopkins, Simon C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Kleismit, RA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM gregory.kozlowski@wright.edu RI Hopkins, Simon/A-6826-2008 OI Hopkins, Simon/0000-0002-0245-8627 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 AR 035008 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/3/035008 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 280ED UT WOS:000254407100024 ER PT J AU Alivov, YI Xiao, B Akarca-Biyikli, S Fan, Q Morkoc, H Johnstone, D Lopatiuk-Tirpak, O Chernyak, L Litton, W AF Alivov, Ya I. Xiao, B. Akarca-Biyikli, S. Fan, Q. Morkoc, H. Johnstone, D. Lopatiuk-Tirpak, O. Chernyak, L. Litton, W. TI Properties of isotype n-ZnO/n-GaN heterostructures studied by I-V-T and electron beam induced current methods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; P-TYPE GAN; MINORITY-CARRIER TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OHMIC CONTACTS; DOPED GAN; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; FABRICATION; ALGAN AB Electrical properties of isotype n-ZnO/n-GaN heterostructures obtained by radio-frequency sputtering of ZnO films on GaN layers are studied by means of temperature dependent current-voltage (I-V-T) characterization and electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurements. The n-ZnO/n-GaN diodes showed highly rectifying behavior with a forward and reverse current ratio of about 10(6) at +/- 5 V. From the analysis of I-V-T measurements, a conduction band offset of similar to 0.62 eV was derived. From EBIC measurements, the minority carrier diffusion length of ZnO was estimated to lie in the range 0.125-0.175 mu m, while an activation energy was derived as 0.462 +/- 0.073 V and was attributed to the traps. C1 [Alivov, Ya I.; Xiao, B.; Akarca-Biyikli, S.; Fan, Q.; Morkoc, H.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Johnstone, D.] SEMETROL, Chesterfield, VA 23838 USA. [Lopatiuk-Tirpak, O.; Chernyak, L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Litton, W.] AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alivov, YI (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM yialivov@vcu.edu RI Tirpak, Olena/H-3163-2011 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 AR 085201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/8/085201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 275VR UT WOS:000254100700005 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Jones, SE Cai, Y Ahmad, G Naik, RR Kroger, N Sandhage, KH AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Jones, Sharon E. Cai, Ye Ahmad, Gul Naik, Rajesh R. Kroeger, Nils Sandhage, Kenneth H. TI Identification and design of peptides for the rapid, high-yield formation of nanoparticulate TiO2 from aqueous solutions at room temperature SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HIGH PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; SILICA NANOSPHERES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PROTEIN; SURFACE; PHASE; SIZE AB Titania (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used, or are under active development, for a range of applications in (photo)catalysis, photovoltaics, enzyme support, energy storage, and photonics. The peptide-directed room-temperature formation of titania nanoparticles can be an attractive alternative to higher-temperature synthetic methods. However, the influence of the peptide primary structure on the titania precipitation activity at room temperature is not well understood. Through the selective binding of phage-displayed 12-mer peptides to TiO2 substrates, we have identified 20 peptides with an affinity for titania. The average numbers of arginine, lysine, and histidine residues present in these 20 peptides were distinctly higher than for the overall peptide-bearing phage library. Synthetic 16-mer versions of four of these peptides (i.e., 12-mer peptides with C-terminal tetrapeptide tags for quantitative spectrophotometry) induced the formation of 8.1-38.7 mol TiO2/mol peptide after exposure for only 10 min to an otherwise water-stable Ti(IV) complex at room temperature and a pH of 6.3. X-ray diffraction analyses, electron diffraction analyses, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the peptide-induced titania contained fine (< 10 nm) anatase and monoclinic beta-TiO2 nanocrystals, along with an amorphous phase. The titania yield increased with the number of positive charges carried by these peptides. On the basis of these results, a peptide was designed that exhibited the highest titania formation activity reported to date for a peptide (82.9 mol TiO2/mol peptide), as well as a reduced pH dependence for such titania formation. C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Cai, Ye; Ahmad, Gul; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sandhage, KH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu NR 32 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1578 EP 1584 DI 10.1021/cm071515t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 264JN UT WOS:000253283700063 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Baek, Jong-Beorn Tan, Loon-Seng TI Synthesis and properties of polyetherketone-block-polybenzobisthiazole-block-polyetherketone ABA triblock copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC BENZAZOLE POLYMERS; POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID/P2O5; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; POLY(OXY-1,3-PHENYLENECARBONYL-1,4-PHENYLENE); BENZOBISTHIAZOLE; UNITS AB As an approach to rigid-rod molecular composites, a series of PEK-b-PBZT-b-PEK ABA triblock copolymers were synthesized. Three different types of polyetherketones (PEKs) as coil A-block units and the carboxylic acid-terminated polybenzobisthiazoles (PBZTs) with two different molecular weights as rigid-rod B-block units were utilized to afford the targeted ABA triblock copolymers. The resulting triblock copolymers were insoluble in common polar aprotic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidinone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide but showed greatly improved solubility in strong acids such as trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid. Good quality films could be cast from solutions. Alternatively, we could also process these copolymers by the compression molding technique. The block copolymer samples were simply heated above the transition temperatures of the coil components and pressed into articles with desired shapes. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the selected solution-cast film exhibited a long-range ordering, which is indicative of microphase separation. This was further confirmed by the results from small-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the UV-vis absorption behavior of the copolymer solutions implied that the ground state conformations of PBZT in MSA were greatly dependent on the amorphous or the semicrystalline nature of the PEK unit, which has little or no effect on the emission properties. C1 [Baek, Jong-Beorn; Tan, Loon-Seng] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, AFRL RXBP, Nanastruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1196 EP 1205 DI 10.1021/ma071757e PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 265AJ UT WOS:000253331200024 ER PT J AU Wang, J Kwon, JH Yoon, J Wang, H Haugan, TJ Baca, FJ Pierce, NA BarneS, PN AF Wang, J. Kwon, J. H. Yoon, J. Wang, H. Haugan, T. J. Baca, F. J. Pierce, N. A. BarneS, P. N. TI Flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin film samples linked to stacking fault density SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB In this paper, we report a strong correlation between the stacking fault (SF) density and the critical (J(c)(in-field)). current density of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin films in applied field, We found that the J(c)(in-field) (H parallel to c) increases as a clear linear dependence of the density of SF identified in the as-grown samples deposited on both SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 substrates. Detailed microstructural studies including cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM were conducted for all the films deposited on STO substrates. This work suggests that the YBCO SF density plays an important role in the. YBCO in-field transport performance. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wang, J.; Kwon, J. H.; Yoon, J.; Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baca, F. J.; Pierce, N. A.; BarneS, P. N.] Propuls Directorate Power Div, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wangh@ece.tamu.edu RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 AR 082507 DI 10.1063/1.2888749 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 278OX UT WOS:000254297300060 ER PT J AU Smetana, AB Wang, JS Boeckl, JJ Brown, GJ Wai, CM AF Smetana, Alexander B. Wang, Joanna Shaofen Boeckl, John J. Brown, Gail J. Wai, Chien M. TI Deposition of ordered arrays of gold and platinum nanoparticles with an adjustable particle size and interparticle spacing using supercritical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; SCALE SYNTHESIS; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLIES; EXTRACTION; COLLOIDS; GROWTH; LENGTH; FILMS AB Gold and platinum nanoparticles were prepared using a reverse micelle technique, creating products with several particle sizes. The stabilized metal nanoparticles can be deposited over long-range distances forming ordered arrays using supercritical carbon dioxide to remove the colloid solvent. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide creates uniformly deposited particle layers and can be removed without disturbing the precipitated particles. We also show that these nanoparticles can be deposited efficiently in nanometer trenches, which is not possible using conventional particle deposition by liquid evaporation. C1 [Smetana, Alexander B.; Wang, Joanna Shaofen; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Smetana, Alexander B.; Wang, Joanna Shaofen; Boeckl, John J.; Brown, Gail J.] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wai, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cwai@uidaho.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 21 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 7 BP 2294 EP 2297 DI 10.1021/jp7098703 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 263MW UT WOS:000253222200013 ER PT J AU Singamaneni, S LeMieux, MC Lang, HP Gerber, C Lam, Y Zauscher, S Datskos, PG Lavrik, NV Jiang, H Naik, RR Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF Singamaneni, Srikanth LeMieux, Melburne C. Lang, Hans P. Gerber, Christoph Lam, Yee Zauscher, Stefan Datskos, Panos G. Lavrik, Nikolay V. Jiang, Hao Naik, Rajesh R. Bunning, Timothy J. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Bimaterial microcantilevers as a hybrid sensing platform SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; STIMULI-RESPONSIVE POLYMERS; MICROFABRICATED CANTILEVER ARRAY; SCHIZOPHRENIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MICROMECHANICAL CANTILEVER; CHEMICAL SENSORS; PIEZORESISTIVE MICROCANTILEVER; SILICON MICROCANTILEVERS; SURFACE STRESS AB Microcantilevers, one of the most common MEMS structures, have been introduced as a novel sensing paradigm nearly a decade ago. Ever since, the technology has emerged to find important applications in chemical, biological and physical sensing areas. Today the technology stands at the verge of providing the next generation of sophisticated sensors (such as artificial nose, artificial tongue) with extremely high sensitivity and miniature size. The article provides an overview of the modes of detection, theory behind the transduction mechanisms, materials employed as active layers, and some of the important applications. Emphasizing the material design aspects, the review underscores the most important findings, current trends, key challenges and future directions of the microcantilever based sensor technology. C1 [Jiang, Hao; Naik, Rajesh R.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Singamaneni, Srikanth; LeMieux, Melburne C.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Singamaneni, Srikanth; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Textile & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [LeMieux, Melburne C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lang, Hans P.; Gerber, Christoph] Univ Basel, Inst Phys, Natl Ctr Competence Res Nanoscale Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Lam, Yee; Zauscher, Stefan] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Ctr Biol Inspired Mat & Mat Syst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Datskos, Panos G.; Lavrik, Nikolay V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Datskos, Panos G.; Lavrik, Nikolay V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@WPAFB.AF.MIL; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; Zauscher, Stefan/C-3947-2008; Lang, Hans Peter/G-3884-2011; Gerber, Christoph/G-4851-2011; Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 258 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 63 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 653 EP 680 DI 10.1002/adma.200701667 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 270SV UT WOS:000253741400001 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Szmulowicz, F Ullrich, B Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Szmulowicz, F. Ullrich, B. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Study of residual background carriers in midinfrared InAs/GaSb superlattices for uncooled detector operation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PHOTON DETECTORS; II SUPERLATTICES; TEMPERATURE; LIFETIME; GROWTH AB The midinfrared 7 ML InAs/8 ML GaSb superlattices (SLs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy at growth temperatures between 370 and 430 degrees C in order to study the intrinsic characteristic of background carriers. Grown SLs were all residual p type with carrier densities in the low 10(11) cm(-2), and a minimum density of 1.8x10(11) cm(-2) was obtained from the SL grown at 400 degrees C. With increasing growth temperature, the in-plane carrier mobility decreased from 8740 to 1400 cm(2)/V s due to increased interfacial roughness, while the photoluminescence intensity increased sixfold due to a decrease in the nonradiative defect densities. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Elhamri, S.; Szmulowicz, F.; Ullrich, B.; Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 7 AR 071102 DI 10.1063/1.2884264 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 267WS UT WOS:000253540500002 ER PT J AU Middleton, HR Pryse, SE Wood, AG Balthazor, R AF Middleton, H. R. Pryse, S. E. Wood, A. G. Balthazor, R. TI The role of the tongue-of-ionization in the formation of the poleward wall of the main trough in the European post-midnight sector SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; POLAR-CAP PLASMA; F-LAYER; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; MIDLATITUDE; TOMOGRAPHY; REGION; MODEL AB A series of radio tomography reconstructions from the University of Wales Aberystwyth receiver chains in Scandinavia and the UK, imaging the midnight-dawn sector on 13 December 2001, reveal a persistent large-scale electron density enhancement, which forms the poleward wall of the main ionization trough. Measurements by the European Incoherent Scatter radar (EISCAT) rule out in situ soft-particle precipitation as the main source of the higher densities. SuperDARN plasma drift observations and electric potential patterns place the feature in the dawn cell of the high-latitude convection, leading to the conclusion that the higher density is likely to have originated as photoionization and was convected over the polar cap to the nightside and around toward dawn in a tongue-of-ionization (TOI). Suitable runs of the Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere (CTIP) model support this interpretation and also reveal that the formation of the TOI is heavily UT dependent, which would lead to it being most prominent at nighttime in the European sector. C1 [Middleton, H. R.; Pryse, S. E.; Wood, A. G.] Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. [Balthazor, R.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Balthazor, R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Appl Math, Space Phys Upper Atmosphere Res Grp, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Middleton, HR (reprint author), Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM hrm@aber.ac.uk OI Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446; Wood, Alan/0000-0002-7527-4757 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A2 AR A02306 DI 10.1029/2007JA012631 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 263SN UT WOS:000253236900002 ER PT J AU Gross, GR Smith, BD Wolf, E Andersen, M AF Gross, Gary R. Smith, Benjamin D. Wolf, Elizabeth Andersen, Martin TI Racial disparities in cancer therapy - Did the gap narrow between 1992 and 2002? SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE disparities; access; race; breast cancer; colon cancer; prostate cancer; lung cancer ID NONMETASTATIC PROSTATE-CANCER; MEDICARE CHEMOTHERAPY CLAIMS; III COLON-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; RECTAL-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH DISPARITIES; ETHNIC DISPARITIES AB BACKGROUND. The purpose of this study was to determine whether racial disparities in cancer therapy had diminished since the time they were initially documented in the early 1990s. METHODS. The authors identified a cohort of patients in the SEER-Medicare linked database who were ages 66 to 85 years and who had a primary diagnosis of colorectal, breast, lung, or prostate cancer during 1992 through 2002. The authors identified 7 stage-specific processes of cancer therapy by using Medicare claims. Candidate covariates in multivariate logistic regression included year, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics, and physician access before cancer diagnosis. RESULTS. During the full study period, black patients were significantly less likely than white patients to receive therapy for cancers of the lung (surgical resection of early stage, 64.0% vs 78.5% for blacks and whites, respectively), breast (radiation after lumpectomy, 77.8% vs 85.8%), colon (adjuvant therapy for stage 111, 52.1% vs 64.1%), and prostate (definitive therapy for early stage, 72.4% vs 77.2%, respectively). For both black and white patients, there was little or no improvement in the proportion of patients receiving therapy for most cancer therapies studied, and there was no decrease in the magnitude of any of these racial disparities between 1992 and 2002. Racial disparities persisted even after restricting the analysis to patients who had physician access before their diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS. There has been little improvement in either the overall proportion of Medicare beneficiaries receiving cancer therapies or the magnitude of racial disparity. Efforts in the last decade to mitigate cancer therapy disparities appear to have been unsuccessful. C1 [Gross, Gary R.; Wolf, Elizabeth; Andersen, Martin] Yale Univ, Sch Med,Sect Gen Internal Med, Primary Care Ctr,Yale Canc Ctr, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Gross, GR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med,Sect Gen Internal Med, Primary Care Ctr,Yale Canc Ctr, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, 333 Cedar St,POB 208025, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM cary.gross@yale.edu OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 900 EP 908 DI 10.1002/cncr.23228 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 260PZ UT WOS:000253023700020 ER PT J AU Fair, GE Kerans, RJ Parthasarathy, TA AF Fair, Geoff E. Kerans, Ronald J. Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. TI Thermal history sensor based on glass-ceramics SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE glass-ceramic; high temperature; sensor; wireless; pattern matching; life prediction ID SILICATE-GLASSES; CRYSTALLIZATION; ANORTHITE; LIQUIDS AB The degradation of mechanical properties of materials during service is strongly dependent on the history of thermal exposure resulting from thermally activated microstructural processes. This degradation can lead to catastrophic failure of engineering components; consequently, knowledge of the thermal history of a component is crucial to predicting the degradation of properties and anticipating/preventing failures. In this work, a thermal history sensor capable of operating wirelessly in severe environments has been developed which functions as much more than a thermal fuse, but less than a computer-monitored thermocouple. The sensor utilizes the thermally activated crystallization of glass-ceramics to record a thermal history fingerprint in an array of glass-ceramic substrates. Computer modeling as well as experimental results are presented as proof of concept for the sensor. Degradation state sensing as well as the effects of environmental moisture on the operation of the sensor will also be discussed. The end product will employ a pattern-matching algorithm to characterize instantly the thermal exposure by comparing to a database of thermal history fingerprints. The thermal history sensor is expected to be useful in a variety of high temperature, severe environment applications. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fair, Geoff E.; Kerans, Ronald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoff.fair@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 141 IS 2 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2007.08.031 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 270QI UT WOS:000253734900003 ER PT J AU Adamson, PE Duan, XFF Burggraf, LW Pak, MV Swalina, C Hammes-Schiffer, S AF Adamson, Paul E. Duan, Xiaofeng F. Burggraf, Larry W. Pak, Michael V. Swalina, Chet Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon TI Modeling positrons in molecular electronic structure calculations with the nuclear-electronic orbital method SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-TRANSFER SYSTEMS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; PROTON CORRELATION; BINDING; ANNIHILATION; ENERGY; ATOMS; HYDRIDES; LIH AB The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method was modified and extended to positron systems for studying mixed positronic-electronic wavefunctions, replacing the mass of the proton with the mass of the positron. Within the modified NEO framework, the NEO-HF (Hartree-Fock) method provides the energy corresponding to the single-configuration mixed positronic-electronic wavefunction, minimized with respect to the molecular orbitals expressed as linear combinations of Gaussian basis functions. The electron-electron and electron-positron correlation can be treated in the NEO framework with second-order perturbation theory (NEO-MP2) or multiconfigurational methods such as the full configuration interaction (NEO-FCI) and complete active space self-consistent-field (NEO-CASSCF) methods. In addition to implementing these methods for positronic systems, strategies for calculating electron-positron annihilation rates using NEO-HF, NEO-MP2, and NEO-FCI wavefunctions were also developed. To apply the NEO method to the positronium hydride (PsH) system, positronic and electronic basis sets were optimized at the NEO-FCl level and used to compute NEO-MP2 and, NEO-FCI energies and annihilation rates. The effects of basis set size on NEO-MP2 and NEO-FCI correlation energies and annihilation rates were compared. Even-tempered electronic and positronic basis sets were also optimized for the e(+)LiH molecule at the NEO-MP2 level and used to compute the equilibrium bond length and vibrational energy. C1 [Adamson, Paul E.; Duan, Xiaofeng F.; Burggraf, Larry W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pak, Michael V.; Swalina, Chet; Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon/B-7325-2013 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1346 EP 1351 DI 10.1021/jp7098015 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 259VB UT WOS:000252967900033 PM 18215029 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Baker, CR Decker, DT AF McNamara, Leo F. Baker, Craig R. Decker, Dwight T. TI Accuracy of USU-GAIM specifications of foF2 and M(3000)F2 for a worldwide distribution of ionosonde locations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; IONOSPHERE AB The Utah State University (USU) Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model has replaced the Parameterized Real-Time Ionospheric Specification Model (PRISM) for operational use at the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). Validation of the model by the Air Force Research Laboratory has therefore passed from the sanity checking stage to investigations of the accuracies and limitations of the model when it is used to generate Operational Space Environment Network Display (OpSEND) products. This paper presents the results of an extensive analysis of the errors in the USU-GAIM specifications of the key ionogram characteristics foF2 and M(3000) F2 for 21 ionosonde locations distributed around the world, 9 in Australia and 12 in other countries, for September 2006. The ground-truth observations of foF2 are manually scaled hourly values. The ground-truth observations of M(3000) F2 are manually scaled hourly values for the Australian ionosondes, and filtered autoscaled values for the other 12 ionosondes. The analysis provides representative latitude-dependent median errors for both characteristics, together with errors in the values of the maximum usable frequency for the standard 3000 km HF communications circuit. In general, GAIM performs well at all locations. The errors seem to be a function of the availability of data from nearby GPS TEC sites, the accuracy of the program's background ionosphere, and the validity of the assimilated TEC data, rather than of any limitations of the assimilation technique. C1 [McNamara, Leo F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [McNamara, Leo F.; Baker, Craig R.; Decker, Dwight T.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM leo.mcnamara.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 AR RS1011 DI 10.1029/2007RS003754 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 263SP UT WOS:000253237100002 ER PT J AU Stello, D Bruntt, H Preston, H Buzasi, D AF Stello, D. Bruntt, H. Preston, H. Buzasi, D. TI Oscillating K giants with the wire satellite: Determination of their asteroseismic masses SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; stars : interiors; stars : oscillations ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; EPSILON-OPHIUCHI; XI-HYA; STARS; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRY; AMPLITUDES; PROCYON; COLORS AB Mass estimates of K giants are generally very uncertain. Traditionally, stellar masses of single field stars are determined by comparing their location in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with stellar evolutionary models. Applying an additional method to determine the mass is therefore of significant interest for understanding stellar evolution. We present the time series analysis of 11 K giants recently observed with the WIRE satellite. With this comprehensive sample, we report the first confirmation that the characteristic acoustic frequency, v(max), can be predicted for K giants by scaling from the solar acoustic cutoff frequency. We are further able to utilize our measurements of v(max) to determine an asteroseismic mass for each star with a lower uncertainty compared to the traditional method, for most stars in our sample. This indicates good prospects for the application of our method on the vast amounts of data that will soon come from the COROT and Kepler space missions. C1 [Stello, D.; Bruntt, H.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Preston, H.; Buzasi, D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Stello, D (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM stello@physics.usyd.edu.au NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/528936 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YT UT WOS:000255234100014 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Zheng, WX AF Fadare, Oluwole Zheng, Wenxin TI Endometrial Glandular Dysplasia (EmGD): morphologically and biologically distinctive putative precursor lesions of Type II endometrial cancers SO DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PAPILLARY SEROUS CARCINOMA; CLEAR-CELL-CARCINOMA; INTRAEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA; PSAMMOMA BODIES; CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; PRECANCEROUS LESIONS; TAMOXIFEN THERAPY; UTERINE CORPUS; GENE-MUTATIONS AB In this article, the authors briefly review the historical evolution of the various putative precursor lesions for Type II endometrial cancers, with an emphasis on the newly defined "Endometrial Glandular Dysplasia (EmGD)". The evidentiary basis for delineating serous EmGD as the most probable precursor lesions to endometrial serous carcinoma is reviewed in detail. An argument is advanced for the discontinuation of the term serous "endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC)" as a descriptor for a supposedly intraepithelial, precancerous lesion. Preliminary evidence is also presented that suggests that there is a morphologically recognizable "clear cell EmGD" that probably represents a precancerous lesion to endometrial clear cell carcinomas. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Fudan Univ, Dept Pathol, Shanghai Med Coll, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Wenxin] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Med Coll, Hosp Obstet & Gynecol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com; zhengw@email.arizona.edu FU University of Arizona Department of Pathology start-up fund; [P30 CA23074] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Defense or other Departments of the United States Government. This work is supported in part by P30 CA23074 and the University of Arizona Department of Pathology start-up fund to WZ. NR 112 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-1596 J9 DIAGN PATHOL JI Diagn. Pathol. PD FEB 8 PY 2008 VL 3 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1746-1596-3-6 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 399ON UT WOS:000262809300001 PM 18261213 ER PT J AU Basun, SA Bursian, VE Evans, DR Kaplyanskii, AA Razdobarin, AG Sochava, LS AF Basun, S. A. Bursian, V. E. Evans, D. R. Kaplyanskii, A. A. Razdobarin, A. G. Sochava, L. S. TI Ferroelectric-specific stark effect in stoichiometric LiNbO(3): Fe at room temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE CRYSTALS; DOMAIN INVERSION; CONGRUENT; SPECTROSCOPY; DEFECTS AB By means of EPR spectroscopy of LiNbO(3):Fe at room temperature (RT) it is shown that the Stark effect in ferroelectric crystals can be different from that observed in other materials. Novel properties appear when an external E field reverses the direction of the spontaneous polarization, the direction of the linear Stark shift stays the same with a reversal of the E field. The corresponding spectral line shifts can occur over a long time scale (hours). These properties seem to be a general feature of the Stark effect in ferroelectric crystals when the external E field exceeds the coercive field. C1 [Basun, S. A.; Bursian, V. E.; Kaplyanskii, A. A.; Razdobarin, A. G.; Sochava, L. S.] RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basun, SA (reprint author), RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Kaplyanskii, Alexander/E-4219-2014 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 AR 057602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.057602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 260OM UT WOS:000253019600088 PM 18352431 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Balaconis, JG AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Balaconis, J. G. TI Some aspects of the mechanical response of BMI 5250-4 neat resin at 191 degrees C: Experiment and modeling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE creep; rate dependence; high-temperature properties; nonlinear response; viscoelasticity ID FREE-VOLUME THEORY; VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; SOLIDS; CREEP AB The inelastic deformation behavior of BMI-5250-4 neat resin, a high-temperature polymer, was investigated at 191 degrees C. The effects of loading rate on monotonic stress-strain behavior as well as the effect of prior stress rate on creep behavior were explored. Positive nonlinear rate sensitivity was observed in monotonic loading. Creep response was found to be significantly influenced by prior stress rate. Effect of loading history on creep was studied in stepwise creep tests, where specimens were subjected to a constant stress rate loading followed by unloading to zero stress with intermittent creep periods during both loading and unloading. The strain-time behavior was strongly influenced by prior deformation history. Negative creep was observed on the unloading path. In addition, the behavior of the material was characterized in terms of a nonlinear viscoelastic model by means of creep and recovery tests at 191 degrees C. The model was employed to predict the response of the material under monotonic loading/unloading and multi-step load histories. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Balaconis, J. G.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3 BP 1378 EP 1386 DI 10.1002/app.27174 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 243BK UT WOS:000251769700002 ER PT J AU Idesman, A Schmidt, M Sierakowski, RL AF Idesman, An. Schmidt, M. Sierakowski, R. L. TI A new explicit predictor-multicorrector high-order accurate method for linear elastodynamics SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS; SINGLE STEP ALGORITHMS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; INTEGRATION ALGORITHMS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; UNIFIED SET; TIME AB A new explicit predictor-multicorrector high-order accurate method is suggested for linear elastodynamics. The method is derived from the implicit high-order accurate method based on the time-continuous Galerkin method proposed earlier in our papers. The basic unknowns for the method are displacements and velocities; accelerations are not calculated. The explicit method uses a predictor-multicorrector technique with one or two passes in order to reach the fourth order of accuracy and has controllable numerical dissipation for the suppression of spurious high-frequency oscillations. In contrast to recently suggested explicit high-order accurate methods based on the time-discontinuous Galerkin method, the new method is more accurate (has a higher order of accuracy) and has better algorithmic properties (e.g., a higher-stability limit) at the same computational efforts. Presented numerical examples show the performance of the new method. The method appears to be competitive for medium- and long-term analysis when accuracy of numerical solutions arises an issue due to error accumulation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Idesman, An.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Schmidt, M.; Sierakowski, R. L.] USAF, Munitious Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Idesman, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alexander.idesman@coe.ttu.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.052 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 261DP UT WOS:000253059600013 ER PT J AU Nesterov, VN Zakharov, LN Sarkisov, SS Curley, MJ Urbas, A AF Nesterov, Vladimir N. Zakharov, Lev N. Sarkisov, Sergey S. Curley, Michael J. Urbas, Augustine TI 3,5-bis{3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-prop-2-enylidene}-1-methyl-4-piperid one and 3,5-bis[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-enylidene]-1-methly-4-piperidone: potential biophotonic materials SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The structures of the title compounds, C28H33N3O, (I), and C26H27NO3, (II), together with their two-photon absorption properties and fluorescence activities are reported. Molecules of (II) reside on crystallographic mirror planes containing the piperidone C=O group and N-methyl H atoms. Because of the conjugation between the donor and acceptor parts, the central heterocycle in both (I) and (II) exhibits a flattened boat conformation, with deviations of the N atom and the opposite C atom from the planar fragment. The dihedral angles between the coplanar heterocyclic atoms and terminal C-6 rings are less than 20 degrees in both (I) and (II). In (I), the N-methyl group of the ring occupies an equatorial position, but in (II) it is positioned in an axial site. In the crystal structure of (I), weak intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot pi(arene) and C-H center dot center dot center dot O steric contacts link the molecules along the a axis. In the crystal structure of (II), molecules form stacks along the b axis. C1 [Nesterov, Vladimir N.] New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NV 87701 USA. [Zakharov, Lev N.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Sarkisov, Sergey S.] SSS Opt Technol, LLC, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. [Curley, Michael J.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nesterov, VN (reprint author), New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NV 87701 USA. EM vnesterov@nmhu.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 BP O73 EP O75 DI 10.1107/S0108270107067741 PN 2 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 258QF UT WOS:000252881900028 PM 18253012 ER PT J AU Voyiadjis, GZ Al-Rub, RKA Palazotto, AN AF Voyiadjis, George Z. Al-Rub, Rashid K. Abu Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Constitutive modeling and simulation of perforation of targets by projectiles SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 47th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2006 CL Newport, RI SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SIMULATION; GRADIENT-DEPENDENT PLASTICITY; LENGTH SCALE; ANISOTROPIC VISCODAMAGE; BALLISTIC PENETRATION; LOCALIZATION PROBLEMS; ELEMENT METHOD; STRAIN RATES; SHEAR BANDS; PART I AB The effective use of existing finite element codes in the direct simulation of hypervelocity impacts by projectiles is limited by the dependence of the size of localized failure regions on the mesh size and alignment. This gives rise to a nonphysical description of the penetration and perforation processes. A micromechanical constitutive model that couples the anisotropic thermoviscodamage mechanism with the thermohypoelastoviscoplastic deformation is presented here as a remedy to this situation. Explicit and implicit microstructural length-scale measures, which preserve the well-posed nature of the differential equations, are introduced through the use of the viscosity and gradient localization limiters. Simple and robust numerical algorithms for the integration of the constitutive equations are also presented. The proposed unified integration algorithms are extensions of the classical rate-independent return-mapping algorithms to the rate-dependent problems. A simple and direct computational algorithm is also used for implementing the gradient-dependent equations. This algorithm can be implemented in the existing finite element codes without numerous modifications, compared with the current numerical approaches for integrating gradient-dependent models. Model capabilities are preliminarily illustrated for the dynamic localization of inelastic flow in adiabatic shear bands and the perforation of a 12-mm-thick Weldox 460E steel plate by a deformable blunt projectile at various impact speeds. C1 [Voyiadjis, George Z.; Al-Rub, Rashid K. Abu] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voyiadjis, GZ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM voyiadjis@eng.lsu.edu; rabuall@lsu.edu RI Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/B-3360-2009 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 304 EP 316 DI 10.2514/1.26011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TZ UT WOS:000252822800003 ER PT J AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN Szmerekovsky, AG AF Cinnamon, J. D. Palazotto, A. N. Szmerekovsky, A. G. TI Further refinement and validation of material models for hypervelocity gouging impacts SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 47th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2006 CL Newport, RI SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID PRECURSOR DECAY AB The gouging impact phenomenon which occurs at the Holloman Air Force Base High-Speed Test Track during hypervelocity impact testing is examined further. The material constitutive models for VascoMax 300 and 1080 steel are refined, and extended into the high-strain- rate regime, using results from flyer plate impact experiments. These experiments are simulated using the hydrocode CTH to improve the material strength models at high strain rates. The improved viscoplastic models are then validated by comparing laboratory hypervelocity impact tests to CTH simulations. The final material models are then used in sled/rail impact simulations for the Holloman Air Force Base High-Speed Test Track gouging problem. These full-sled simulations match previous experimental findings extremely well. C1 [Cinnamon, J. D.; Palazotto, A. N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.2514/1.25035 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 257TZ UT WOS:000252822800004 ER PT J AU Dolan, JP Sheppard, BC DeLoughery, TG AF Dolan, James P. Sheppard, Brett C. DeLoughery, Thomas G. TI Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Surgery for the 21st century SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTI-CD20 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY; PLATELET COUNT; ADULT PATIENTS; GOLD STANDARD; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; SAFETY; RISK AB Although immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune hematological disorder, there is still controversy regarding the optimal management of this condition. Medical therapy may cure a proportion of patients with ITP but there are still a significant number of these individuals who are at risk for bleeding events. Surgery has become the least popular therapeutic option for ITP as other medical therapies have become available that attempt to avoid splenectomy and its morbidity. However, the clinical response to these therapies has not been overwhelming based on the fairly small number of trials conducted to date. With current minimally invasive surgical techniques, splenectomy should be again regarded as a viable therapeutic option in patients with ITP. The laparoscopic approach avoids much of the morbidity and complications seen with the conventional open surgical approach and studies have demonstrated similar, if not better, outcomes. In addition, the risk of infection following splenectomy is not as high as may be suspected, particularly with current vaccination regiments. It should be a priority for both the hematology and medical community to advocate for clinical trials to rationally study alternatives to splenectomy. In the interim, laparoscopic splenectomy should be considered as an additional front line therapeutic option in ITP patients. C1 [Dolan, James P.] Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Sheppard, Brett C.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Div Gen Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [DeLoughery, Thomas G.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Dolan, JP (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 301 Fisher St,2A-217, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM james.dolan@keesler.af.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 83 IS 2 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1002/ajh.21029 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 253JG UT WOS:000252513900003 PM 17722078 ER PT J AU Hunter, CM Peterson, AL Alvarez, LM Poston, WC Brundige, AR Haddock, K Van Brunt, DL Foreyt, JP AF Hunter, Christine M. Peterson, Alan L. Alvarez, Lisa M. Poston, Walker C. Brundige, Antoinette R. Haddock, Keith Van Brunt, David L. Foreyt, John P. TI Weight management using the Internet - A randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIR-FORCE; OBESITY; GAIN; METAANALYSIS; OVERWEIGHT; PROGRAM; MAINTENANCE; PREVENTION; ADULTS AB Background: Most weight-loss research targets obese individuals who desire large weight reductions. However, evaluation of weight-gain prevention in over-weight individuals is also critical as most Americans become obese as a result of a gradual gain of 1-2 pounds per year over many years. Method: This study evaluated the efficacy of an Internet-based program for weight-loss and weight-gain prevention with a two-group, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A military medical research center with a population of 17,000 active-duty military personnel supplied 446 overweight individuals (222 men; 224 women) with a mean age of 34 years and a mean BMI of 29. Recruitment and study participation occurred 2003-2005 and data were analyzed in 2006. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the 6-month behavioral Internet treatment (BIT, n=227) or usual care (n=224). Change in body weight, BMI, percent body fat, and waist circumference; presented as group by time interactions, were measured. Results: After 6 months, completers who received BIT lost 1.3 kg while those assigned to usual care gained 0.6 kg (F-(df=366)=24.17; I<0.001). Results were similar for the intention-to-treat model. BIT participants also had significant changes in BMI (-0.5 vs +0.2 kg/m(2); F-(df=366)=24.58); percent body fat (-0.4 vs +0.6%; F-(df=366)=10.45); and waist circumference (-2.1 vs -0.4 cm; F-(df=366)=17.09); p<0.001 for all. Conclusions: Internet-based weight-management interventions result in small amounts of weight loss, prevent weight gain, and have potential for widespread dissemination as a population health approach. C1 [Hunter, Christine M.] Natl Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.; Alvarez, Lisa M.; Brundige, Antoinette R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Poston, Walker C.; Haddock, Keith] Univ Missouri, Kansas City Sch Med, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Van Brunt, David L.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Alvarez, Lisa M.; Brundige, Antoinette R.; Foreyt, John P.] Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Alvarez, Lisa M.; Brundige, Antoinette R.; Foreyt, John P.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hunter, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, 6707 Democracy Blvd,Room 605 MCS 5460, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hunterchristine@niddk.nih.gov NR 48 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.026 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 256VP UT WOS:000252758300005 PM 18201641 ER PT J AU Zheng, WX Yi, XF Fadare, O Liang, SX Martel, M Schwartz, PE Jiang, Z AF Zheng, Wenxin Yi, Xiaofang Fadare, Oluwole Liang, Sharon X. Martel, Maritza Schwartz, Peter E. Jiang, Zhong TI The oncofetal protein IMP3 - A novel biomarker for endometrial serous carcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol DE endometrial cancer; endometrial serous carcinoma; endometrial glandular dysplasia; IMP3; diagnostic markers ID RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; GLANDULAR DYSPLASIA; PRECURSOR LESION; CELL CARCINOMA; MESSENGER-RNA; CANCER; DIAGNOSIS; ADENOCARCINOMA; GENE; P53 AB Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely found in adult benign tissues. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of IMP3 in benign endometrium, endometrial cancer, and its precursor lesions, trying to see whether IMP3 has any diagnostic usage. Two hundred ninety-eight endometrial samples were examined for IMP3 expression by immunohistochemistry. These included benign endometrium (n = 68), atypical hyperplasia or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 35), endometrial glandular dysplasia (n = 21), endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (n = 18), endometrioid carcinoma (n = 70), mucinous carcinoma (n = 8), serous carcinoma (n = 51), clear cell carcinoma (n = 12), and other malignancies (n = 15). Maturational patterns in the 68 benign endometrial samples included atrophic (n = 12), proliferative (n = 18), secretory (n = 14), menstrual (n = 8), and gestational (n = 16). Most of the carcinomas were histologically pure; where mixed, the second component constituted < 10% of the total tumor volume. The extent and intensity of IMP3 expression was semiquantitatively determined and scored for all samples. A renal cell carcinoma with known IMP3 expression was used as positive control for each immunohistochemistry run. Among the malignant cases, IMP3 expression was predominantly found in endometrial serous carcinoma and its putative precursor lesions, with 3 (14%) of 21 endometrial glandular dysplasia, 16 (89%) of 18 serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma, and 48 (94%) of 51 serous carcinomas (P < 0.001). In contrast, the frequency of IMP3 expression was significantly lesser in nonserous malignancies with 0 (0%) of 35, 5 (7%) of 70, 0 (0%) of 8, 3 (25%) of 12, and 5 (33%) of 15 positive expression rates in atypical hyperplasia or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell carcinomas, and other malignancies, respectively. The IMP3(-) staining was universally cytoplasmic, with diffuse staining of strong intensity in serous carcinomas, whereas staining was typically patchy and of moderate or weak intensity in nonserous malignancies. Among the benign endometrial samples, decidualized endometrial stroma showed 100% positivity for IMP3. The remaining samples were negative, with the exception of a few weakly proliferative glands in 3 (5%) of 68 cases that showed focal weak immunoreactivity of IMP3. The trophoblasts in the first trimester chorionic villi were also diffusely positive, which was consistent with previously reported findings. We conclude that expression of IMP3, a newly identified cytoplasmic marker, is closely associated with type II endometrial cancer. It seems that IMP3 expression is associated with an aggressive histologic phenotype among endometrial neoplastic lesions. Strong and diffuse IMP3 expression is highly sensitive for endometrial serous and clear cell carcinomas including their putative precursor lesions. Therefore, IMP3 may be a useful diagnostic marker in the assessment of endometrial cancers and their precursor lesions, particularly when the amount of available tissue material is limited and a concern of type II cancer arises. High frequency of IMP3 expression is present in decidualized endometrial stroma of gestational endometrium and chorionic villi in early pregnancy. Although the significance of the latter finding remains unclear, the differential diagnosis between decidual changes and endometrial serous carcinoma is rarely problematic. C1 [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Dept Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Med Coll, Pathol Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Wenxin] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Med Coll, Dept Pathol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Yi, Xiaofang] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Med Coll, Hosp Obstet & Gynecol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Liang, Sharon X.] SUNY Stony Brook, Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Martel, Maritza] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT USA. [Schwartz, Peter E.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Haven, CT USA. [Jiang, Zhong] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Canc Biol, Worcester, MA USA. RP Zheng, WX (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Pathol, 1501 N Campbell Ave,5224A, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM zhengw@email.arizona.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA23074] NR 41 TC 88 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 304 EP 315 PG 12 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 256WF UT WOS:000252759900016 PM 18223334 ER PT J AU White, KM Quinn, JM Hagan, LL Johnson, TL AF White, Kevin M. Quinn, James M. Hagan, Larry L. Johnson, Thomas L. TI Exercise-induced hyperventilation SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INDUCED ASTHMA C1 [White, Kevin M.; Quinn, James M.; Hagan, Larry L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Johnson, Thomas L.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, Dayton, OH USA. RP White, KM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 262GH UT WOS:000253136500014 PM 18320922 ER PT J AU Scranton, SE Wild, CA England, RW AF Scranton, Stephen E. Wild, Carolyn A. England, Ronald W. TI Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia: Successful treatment with imatinib SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME; PDGFRA; FUSION C1 Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Landstuhl, Germany. [Wild, Carolyn A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Travis AFB, CA USA. [England, Ronald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Scranton, SE (reprint author), Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Landstuhl, Germany. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 172 EP 174 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 262GH UT WOS:000253136500015 PM 18320923 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Cardoza-Favarato, G AF Fadare, Oluwole Cardoza-Favarato, Gabriella TI Significance of disease extent in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia excised with negative margins by loop electrosurgical excision procedure's SO ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervix; loop electrosurgical excision procedure; cone biopsy; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; human papillomavirus; quadrants; extent of disease ID TRANSFORMATION ZONE LLETZ; FOLLOW-UP; PREDICTIVE FACTORS; MANAGEMENT; DYSPLASIA; CONIZATION; RECURRENCE; COMPLETENESS; HYSTERECTOMY; PERSISTENCE AB Approximately 15% of patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3), treated by the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) will experience a persistence or recurrence of their disease. The full spectrum of pathologic factors that may be predictive of an increased probability of this event remains to be elucidated. In this work, we evaluate the significance of disease extent in a group of patients with ON 2 to 3 that was completely excised by LEEP (ie, endocervical and ectocervical margins were negative). From 102 patients whose LEEP specimens had negative margins during a 5-year period, at least 1 cytologic follow-up was available in 87 patients (median follow-up, 23 months). For patients with multiple follow-up cytologic samples, the most severe cytologic abnormality was used for the purpose of this analysis (I sample per patient). Extent of disease was determined semiquantitatively by calculating for every case the proportion of processed slides on which any CIN 2 to 3 could be identified. The 87 cases were classified into 3 groups (< 33%, 33%-66%, > 66%) for ease of statistical comparison (Fisher exact test). There were 10 recurrences of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) among the 87 patients with follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between the aforementioned 3 groups regarding the follow-up diagnostic frequencies of HGSIL (10% in the < 33% group, 40% in the 33%-66% group, and 50% in the > 66% group) and "negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy" (32.25% in the < 33% group, 25.8% in the 33%-66% group, and 35.48% in the > 66% group). If confirmed, our findings suggest that in an LEEP specimen with CIN 2 to 3 that was excised with negative margins, the extent of disease lacks prognostic significance and need not be reported. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Cardoza-Favarato, Gabriella] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Cardoza-Favarato, Gabriella] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1092-9134 J9 ANN DIAGN PATHOL JI Ann. Diagn. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2007.01.012 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 248PG UT WOS:000252165800004 PM 18164410 ER PT J AU Holmes, RL Jorgensen, JH AF Holmes, Robert L. Jorgensen, James H. TI Inhibitory activities of 11 antimicrobial agents and bactericidal activities of vancomycin an dantomycin against invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from 1999 through 2006 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCARDITIS; INFECTIONS; THERAPY; GLYCOPEPTIDES; MULTICENTER; BACTEREMIA; EFFICACY; STRAINS; CREEP AB We assessed MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations of vancomycin, daptomycin, and nine other antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from 1999 through 2006. No vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid resistance was observed. Clindamycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin resistance decreased significantly. No tolerance to vancomycin or daptomycin was observed, nor was MIC creep seen. C1 [Holmes, Robert L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft San Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Hosp, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. RP Holmes, RL (reprint author), 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM robert.holmes@keesler.af.mil NR 22 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1128/AAC.00945-07 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256JN UT WOS:000252724800057 PM 18039923 ER PT J AU Heckman, EM Gonzalez, LP Guha, S AF Heckman, Emily M. Gonzalez, Leonel P. Guha, Shekhar TI Measurement of optical and thermal properties of Hg1-xCdxTe SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FLASH METHOD; HIGH TEMPERATURES; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSIVITY; SILICON AB Measurements of optical transmission and several thermal properties of Hg1-xCdxTe alloys are reported for a few values of the alloy composition parameter x, which was determined by a microprobe technique. The values of the thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity were measured using the laser-flash method. These results are reported at four discrete temperatures between 90 and 400 K and compared to those of three well-characterized semiconductor materials: Si, InAs, and InSb. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Heckman, Emily M.; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, MAt & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Emily.Heckman@gdit.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 578 EP 582 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000578 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 267MC UT WOS:000253512100029 PM 18239718 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, F Andersen, GP Gurley, KS AF Ghebremichael, F. Andersen, Geoff P. Gurley, Kenneth S. TI Holography-based wavefront sensing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR AB We describe a modal wavefront sensing technique of using multiplexed holographic optical elements (HOEs). The phase pattern of a set of aberrations is angle multiplexed in a HOE, and the correlated information is obtained with a position sensing detector. The recorded aberration pattern is based on an orthogonal basis set, the Zernike polynomials, and a spherical reference wave. We show that only two recorded holographic patterns for any particular aberration type are sufficient to allow interpolated readout of aberrations to lambda/50. In this paper, we demonstrate the capability of detecting errors between +/- 2 lambda PV for each orthogonal set at rates limited only by the speeds of the detection electronics, which could be up to 1 MHz. We show how we take advantage of the unavoidable intermodal and intramodal cross talks in determining the type, amplitude, and orientation of the wavefront aberrations. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Ghebremichael, F.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Space Syst Co, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Andersen, Geoff P.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado City, CO 80840 USA. [Gurley, Kenneth S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Missile & Fire Control, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. RP Ghebremichael, F (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Corp, Space Syst Co, O ABDS B 201,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM fassil.ghebremichael@lmco.com NR 10 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP A62 EP A69 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000A62 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 267MC UT WOS:000253512100009 PM 18239700 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Miller, WA Dymale, RC Sweiti, AM AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Miller, Warner A. Dymale, Raymond C. Sweiti, Ayman M. TI Holographic generation of complex fields with spatial light modulators: Application to quantum key distribution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL; WAVEFRONT RECONSTRUCTION; OBJECTS AB There has been considerable interest recently in the generation of azimuthal phase functions associated with photon orbital angular momentum (OAM) for high-dimensional quantum key distribution. The generation of secure quantum keys requires not only this pure phase basis but also additional bases comprised of orthonormal superposition states formed from the pure states. These bases are also known as mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) and include quantum states whose wave functions are modulated in both phase and amplitude. Although modulo 2 pi optical path control with high-resolution spatial light modulators (SLMs) is well suited to creating the azimuthal phases associated with the pure states, it does not introduce the amplitude modulation associated with the MUB superposition states. Using computer-generated holography (CGH) with the Leith-Upatnieks approach to hologram recording, however, both phase and amplitude modulation can be achieved. We present a description of the OAM states of a three-dimensional MUB system and analyze the construction of these states via CGH with a phase-modulating SLM. The effects of phase holography artifacts on quantum-state generation are quantified and a prescription for avoiding these artifacts by preconditioning the hologram function is presented. Practical effects associated with spatially isolating the first-order diffracted field are also quantified, and a demonstration utilizing a liquid-crystal SLM is presented. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Miller, Warner A.; Sweiti, Ayman M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Dymale, Raymond C.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP A32 EP A42 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000A32 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 267MC UT WOS:000253512100006 PM 18239697 ER PT J AU Betancor, L Luckarift, HR Seo, JH Brand, O Spain, JC AF Betancor, Lorena Luckarift, Heather R. Seo, Jae H. Brand, Oliver Spain, Jim C. TI Three-dimensional immobilization of beta-galactosidase on a silicon surface SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE enzyme immobilization; silica beta-galactosidase; three-dimensional immobilization; silicon; biosensors ID ALGINATE GEL CAPSULES; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTOSE; ACTIVATION; SUPPORTS; DIATOMS AB Many alternative strategies to immobilize and stabilize enzymes have been investigated in recent years for applications in biosensors. The entrapment of enzymes within silica-based nanospheres formed through silicification reactions provides high loading capacities for enzyme immobilization, resulting in high volumetric activity and enhanced mechanical stability. Here we report a strategy for chemically associating silica nanospheres containing entrapped enzyme to a silicon support. P-galactosidase from E. coli was used as a model enzyme due to its versatility as a biosensor for lactose. The immobilization strategy resulted in a three-dimensional network of silica attached directly at the silicon surface, providing a significant increase in surface area and a corresponding 3.5-fold increase in enzyme loading compared to enzyme attached directly at the surface. The maximum activity recovered for a silicon square sample of 0.5 x 0.5 cm was 0.045 IU using the direct attachment of the enzyme through glutaraldehyde and 0.16 IU when using silica nanospheres. The immobilized P-galactosidase prepared by silica deposition was stable and retained more than 80% of its initial activity after 10 days at 24 degrees C. The ability to generate three-dimensional structures with enhanced loading capacity for biosensing molecules offers the potential to substantially amplify biosensor sensitivity. C1 [Betancor, Lorena; Spain, Jim C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Betancor, Lorena; Luckarift, Heather R.] USAF Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Seo, Jae H.; Brand, Oliver] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jspain@ce.gatech.edu NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1002/bit.21570 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 249ZR UT WOS:000252270300002 PM 17626303 ER PT J AU Shumway, RH Smart, E Clauter, DA AF Shumway, Robert H. Smart, Eugene Clauter, Dean A. TI Mixed signal processing for regional and teleseismic arrays SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-WAVENUMBER SPECTRUM AB This paper considers possible approaches to resolving mixtures of propagating signals observed on arrays. In particular, conventional approaches such as beamforming, multiple-signal characteristic (MUSIC), and single-signal F statistics have flaws that will not allow conventional methods to adapt to certain mixtures. In order to solve the mixed signal problem, we derive the partial F statistic for testing for an added signal in a multiple-signal model and a complex version of Akaike's corrected model selection criterion AIC(C). In this case a combination of sequential nonlinear partial F statistics used in tandem with AIC(C) leads to determining the correct configuration of signals and their velocities and azimuths. Confidence intervals are given using the frequency domain bootstrap. Finally, we derive unbiased estimated waveforms for each component signal. The conventional estimators and the new sequential approaches are applied to known and unknown configurations of regional signals from China and to a teleseismic mixture involving two known earthquakes and noise caused by an ocean storm. We also analyze a regional event with propagating noise and show that a deconvolution based on the two velocities and azimuths gives an enhanced view of the depth phase in the estimated signal. C1 [Shumway, Robert H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smart, Eugene; Clauter, Dean A.] USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Shumway, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 36 EP 51 DI 10.1785/0120060140 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 267FF UT WOS:000253494200003 ER PT J AU Conley, CM Patino, MG Romick, MB Almaleh, MM Campbell, C Hawkins, MK Moore, LCS Allan, MP AF Conley, Capt Maria Patino, Maj Gilberto Romick, Maj Benjamin Almaleh, Maj Michael Campbell, Charles Hawkins, Maj Karin Moore, Lt Col Scott Allan, Maj Patrick TI Abciximab-induced alveolar hemorrhage after percutaneous coronary intervention SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE abciximab; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors ID PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE AB Abciximab, a platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor, has been shown to improve clinical Outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there is a well-documented increase in bleeding risk associated with the use of this agent. Spontaneous pulmonary hemorrhage is a particularly rare and easily misdiagnosed complication that requires early diagnosis to ensure patient Survival. A 61-year-old man presented to the emergency department with chest pain and inferolateral ST elevation on electrocardiogram. A paclitaxel drug-eluting stent was then placed in the left circumflex artery, without complications. Abciximab (a bolus of 0.25 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 10 mg/min for 12 h) was given. Approximately 20 min later, the patient developed dyspnea and hemoptysis. A chest radiograph revealed new bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates, and the patient was started on empirical antibiotics for pneumonia. Because of increasing dyspnea and somnolence, the patient was intubated and bronchoscopy was performed, revealing serial hemorrhagic returns from the left lower lobe, diagnostic of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and judged to be secondary to abciximab, given the time course. All antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents were stopped. The patient stabilized over the next several days, with some recurrent hemoptysis, and was successfully extubated seven days later. Prognosis remains poor in GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, and early diagnosis is critical so that antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents may be discontinued in a timely manner. A high degree of suspicion is required when treating a patient who presents with dyspnea and new radiological infiltrates after receiving a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. C1 [Conley, Capt Maria] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Patino, Maj Gilberto; Romick, Maj Benjamin; Almaleh, Maj Michael; Campbell, Charles; Hawkins, Maj Karin; Moore, Lt Col Scott] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Allan, Maj Patrick] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulmonol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Conley, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,759th MDOS MMIMR, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM conleymaria@hotmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0828-282X J9 CAN J CARDIOL JI Can. J. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 149 EP 151 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 265JP UT WOS:000253355200014 ER PT J AU Hivnor, CM Hudkins, ML Bonner, B AF Hivnor, Chad M. Hudkins, Matthew L. Bonner, Bert TI Terbinafine-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Terbinafine is a synthetic oral allylamine that is used for systemic treatment of microscopy- or culture-proven dermatophyte infections of skin and nails. It is normally well-tolerated and side effects include transient gastrointestinal symptoms and skin reactions that can occur in up to 2.3% of treated patients. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is a skin reaction that has been reported secondary to use of a variety of drugs. The number of reports of SCLE with terbinafine is limited. We demonstrate 2 patients in one dermatology clinic who presented with a predisposing autoimmune diathesis within 3 months of each other. C1 [Hivnor, Chad M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hivnor, CM (reprint author), 59th Med Wing SGOMD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM chivnor@pol.net NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 81 IS 2 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 269SI UT WOS:000253670100010 PM 18441768 ER PT J AU Wyrick, K Cragun, T Russ, B Royer, MC AF Wyrick, Kristen Cragun, Timothy Russ, Brian Royer, Michael C. TI Atypical chromhidrosis: A case of report orange sweat SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID APOCRINE CHROMHIDROSIS; TOPICAL CAPSAICIN AB Chromhidrosis is a rare sweat gland disorder that produces pigmented sweat. The etiology of this disorder often is unknown and the clinical presentation can vary. We describe a previously asymptomatic patient who presented with bronzing of the skin and complained of orange stains on her clothing. The patient's symptoms began after a prophylactic hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. She is the first reported patient with orange-pigmented sweat in chromhidrosis. She also is the first postmenopausal patient with chromhidrosis. C1 [Wyrick, Kristen] Travis AFB, Family Med Residency, Fairfield, CA 94534 USA. [Cragun, Timothy] Andrews AFB, Family Med Residency, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Russ, Brian] Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. [Royer, Michael C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Royer, Michael C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Area Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wyrick, K (reprint author), Travis AFB, Family Med Residency, 101 Bodin Cir, Fairfield, CA 94534 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 81 IS 2 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 269SI UT WOS:000253670100013 PM 18441771 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Toth, JM Berzins, DW Charlton, DG AF Roberts, Howard W. Toth, Jeffrey M. Berzins, David W. Charlton, David G. TI Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: A review of the literature SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE hydroxyapatite; Portland cement; biocompatibility; pulp-capping; apexification; root-end filling; pulpotomy; endodontics; GMTA; WMTA; MTA; mineral trioxide aggregate ID END-FILLING MATERIALS; PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS; PULP-CAPPING AGENTS; PERFORATION REPAIR MATERIALS; LATERAL ROOT PERFORATIONS; DENTIN BRIDGE FORMATION; WHITE PORTLAND CEMENTS; MACROPHAGES IN-VITRO; PUSH-OUT STRENGTH; SEALING ABILITY AB objective. The purpose of this paper was to review the composition, properties, biocompatibility, and the clinical results involving the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials in endodontic treatment. Methods. Electronic search of scientific papers from January 1990 to August 2006 was accomplished using PubMed and Scopus search engines (search terms: MTA, GMTA, WMTA, mineral AND trioxide AND aggregate). Results. Selected exclusion criteria resulted in 156 citations from the scientific, peer-reviewed dental literature. MTA materials are derived from a Portland cement parent compound and have been demonstrated to be biocompatible endodontic repair materials, with its biocompatible nature strongly suggested by its ability to form hydroxyappatite when exposed to physiologic solutions. With some exceptions, MTA materials provide better microleakage protection than traditional endodontic repair materials using dye, fluid filtration, and bacterial penetration leakage models. In both animal and human studies, MTA materials have been shown to have excellent potential as pulp-capping and pulpotomy medicaments but studies with long-term follow-up are limited. Preliminary studies suggested a favorable MTA material use as apical and furcation restorative materials as well as medicaments for apex-ogenesis and apexification treatments; however, long-term clinical studies are needed in these areas. Conclusion. MTA materials have been shown to have a biocompatible nature and have excellent potential in endodontic use. MTA materials are a refined Portland cement material and the substitution of Portland cement for MTA products is presently discouraged. Existing human studies involving MTA materials are very promising, however, insufficient randomized, double-blind clinical studies of sufficient duration exist involving MTA for all of its clinical indications. Further clinical studies are needed in these areas. (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evalut & Consultat Serv Dent Biomat Evaluat, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Toth, Jeffrey M.; Berzins, David W.] Marquette Univ, Sch Dent Grad Dent Biomat, Dept Orthoped, Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Charlton, David G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM Howard.roberts@med.navy.mil NR 156 TC 143 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2007.04.007 PG 16 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 261IB UT WOS:000253071200001 PM 17586038 ER PT J AU Hawkins, K Henry, JS Krasuski, RA AF Hawkins, Karin Henry, John S. Krasuski, Richard A. TI Tissue harmonic imaging in echocardiography: Better valve imaging, but at what cost ? SO ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE tissue harmonic imaging; mitral valve; aortic valve ID DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ENDOCARDIAL VISUALIZATION; CONTRAST; ACCURACY; DEFINITION; PROLAPSE; QUALITY; MODES AB Background: Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) improves echocardiographic image quality and is widely utilized. Unfortunately it also makes structures appear artificially thickened. We sought to examine its impact on the imaging of left-sided heart valves. Methods: A large echocardiographic database was searched for full, standard transthoracic echocardiographic exams performed 12-month periods before (n = 3,786) and after (n = 3,914) transition to THI at a single institution. Patients with prosthetic valves were excluded. Results: The mean age of patients was 63 +/- 17 years and 65% were men. No appreciable difference in demographics was observed between time periods. While inadequate visualization of the mitral valve was reduced by 30% using THI (P = 0.014), reports of leaflet thickening increased by 28% (P = 0.005). Similarly, inadequate aortic valve visualization was reduced by 53% with THI (P < 0.001), at the expense of more aortic sclerosis (+6%, P = 0.034). Among the 480 patients with echocardiograms using each modality (time interval between studies: 370 +/- 143 days), THI did not appreciably improve visualization of the either valve. Although no significant increase in mitral thickness was seen with THI, aortic sclerosis was increased by at least one grade in 24.5% (P < 0.006). Conclusion: This study suggests that while THI enhances imaging of difficult to visualize valves, it may overestimate mitral and aortic valve thickness. This could lead to overdiagnosis and unnecessary follow-up studies. Cardiologists interpreting THI echocardiograms should become familiar with the modality's shortcomings. C1 [Krasuski, Richard A.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Div Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Hawkins, Karin; Henry, John S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Div Cardiovasc Med, Desk F15,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM krasusr@ccf.org NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-2822 J9 ECHOCARDIOGR-J CARD JI Echocardiography-J. Cardiovasc. Ultrasound Allied Tech. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00575.x PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 258VL UT WOS:000252897500001 PM 18269555 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, MA Eller, RL Sataloff, RT AF Ginsburg, Mark A. Eller, Robert L. Sataloff, Robert T. TI True vocal fold pseudocyst SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ginsburg, Mark A.] Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Otolaryngol Facial Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Eller, Robert L.] Lackland AFB, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sataloff, Robert T.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Ginsburg, MA (reprint author), Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Otolaryngol Facial Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 266NO UT WOS:000253443200002 PM 18437921 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Spooner, CN Smith, B Reed, RJ Amoroso, PJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Besa Reed, Robert J. Amoroso, Paul J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Prior health care utilization as a potential determinant of enrollment in a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; military medicine; military personnel; response bias; Veterans ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CHRONIC FATIGUE; ERA VETERANS; US ARMY; NONRESPONSE; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; ILLNESS AB Results obtained from self-reported health data may be biased if those being surveyed respond differently based on health status. This study was conducted to investigate if health, as measured by health care use preceding invitation, influenced response to invitation to a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study. Inpatient and outpatient diagnoses were identified among more than 68,000 people during a one-year period prior to invitation to enroll. Multivariable logistic regression defined how diagnoses were associated with response. Days spent hospitalized or in outpatient care were also compared between responders and nonresponders. Adjusted odds of response to the questionnaire were similar over a diverse range of inpatient and outpatient diagnostic categories during the year prior to enrollment. The number of days hospitalized or accessing outpatient care was very similar between responders and nonresponders. Study findings demonstrate that, although there are some small differences between responders and nonresponders, prior health care use did not affect response to the Millennium Cohort Study, and it is unlikely that future study findings will be biased by differential response due to health status prior to enrollment invitation. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] Wright Patterson AFB, Biomech Branch, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Spooner, Christina N.; Smith, Besa; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Biomech Branch, AF Res Lab, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Dayton, OH USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10654-007-9216-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 254YV UT WOS:000252624800001 PM 18193482 ER PT J AU Crownover, B Crawford, PF AF Crownover, Brian Crawford, Paul F. TI Areas of concentration increase scholarly activity: A 15-month experience SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires family medicine residencies to demonstrate scholarly activity. A 6-year survey of resident scholarly activity at our residency revealed one regional presentation. We adopted an additional scholarly activity curriculum based on the Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors (AFMRD) Areas of Concentration (AOC) proposal. Residents submitted proposals detailing learning objectives, desired electives, continuing medical education opportunities, and scholarly activity plans. Six of seven PGY-3 residents and seven of seven PGY-2 residents chose the AOC track. In 15 months, residents completed 12 publications or regional conference presentations. AOC tracks can encourage resident scholarly activity and fuffill intellectual curiosity. C1 [Crownover, Brian] HQ Air Armament Ctr, Family Med Residency, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Crawford, Paul F.] Mike Ocallaghan Fed Hosp, Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Crownover, B (reprint author), 7416 Redhead Dr, N Las Vegas, NV 89084 USA. EM bkcrown@hotmail.com NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266PQ UT WOS:000253449000007 PM 18247171 ER PT J AU Newman, HS Ebel, JL Judy, D Maciel, J AF Newman, Harvey S. Ebel, John L. Judy, Daniel Maciel, John TI Lifetime measurements on a high-reliability RF-MEMS contact switch SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices; reliability testing; switches AB Radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) cantilever contact switches have been tested for lifetime. The mean cycles-to-failure measured on an ensemble of switches was 430 billion switch cycles. The longest lifetime exhibited without degradation of the switch was 914 billion switch cycles. The devices were switched at 20 kHz with an incident RF frequency of 10 GHz and an incident RF power of 20 dBm. Testing was performed continuously over a period of approximately 18 months. The switches were operated in a cold-switched mode. C1 [Newman, Harvey S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ebel, John L.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Judy, Daniel] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. [Maciel, John] MEMS Inc, Stow, MA 01175 USA. RP Newman, HS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM harvey.newman@nrl.navy.mil; john.ebel@wpafb.af.mil; djudy@arl.army.mil; jma-ciel@radantmems.com NR 5 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 100 EP 102 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2007.915037 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 263OD UT WOS:000253225500010 ER PT J AU Bradley, CJ Collins, PJ Falconer, DG Fortuny-Guasch, J Terzuoli, AJ AF Bradley, Christopher J. Collins, Peter J. Falconer, David G. Fortuny-Guasch, Joaquim Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr. TI Evaluation of a near-field monostatic-to-bistatic equivalence theorem SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Surgace Properties CY JUN 20-22, 2006 CL Paris Observ, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Observ DE electromagnetic scattering; equivalence theorems; monostatic scattering; multistatic scattering; near-field scattering; physical optics (POs); radar cross sections (RCSs); radar scattering ID RCS AB This paper presents the results of an investigation to quantitatively determine the limits of Falconer's monostatic-to-bistatic equivalence theorem (MBET). Falconer developed two extensions to Kell's MBET: one that is applicable to near-zone data and one that is valid in both the near- and far-zone regions. This paper encompassed collecting and analyzing both monostatic and bistatic radar cross-section data for perfect electrically conducting objects. Specifically, the authors analyzed the effects of varying the transmission frequency, scattering object complexity, and receiver bistatic angle. Objects ranged in geometric complexity from simple canonical objects to multifaceted shapes that produce multiple reflections. Empirical data collected in the far zone were compared with the analytical predictions produced by a commercially available method-of-moment (MoM) code. The code was run at X-band through K-band frequencies for a comparison with the measured data. The empirical bistatic data were then compared with the estimate produced by the MBET to ascertain the region in which the MBET approximation is applicable. Finally, the MoM code was used to produce near-field scattering predictions to facilitate the evaluation of Falconer's near-field MBET. It is shown that the complexity of the scatterer restricts the region of validity for the MBET, where shadowing and multipath interactions prevail. The disparity between the MBET accuracies for the different test objects used clearly illustrates this point. C1 [Bradley, Christopher J.; Collins, Peter J.; Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Falconer, David G.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fortuny-Guasch, Joaquim] European Commiss, Directorate Gen Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. RP Bradley, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909107 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254GW UT WOS:000252575400017 ER PT J AU McNamara, DM Majo, JP Ziarani, AK AF McNamara, David M. Majo, Jonathan P. Ziarani, Alireza K. TI Elimination of power line interference on telephone cables under frequency-varying conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive notch filter; narrowband noise; nonstationary signal processing; power line interference; telephone loops ID NOTCH FILTERS; SUPPRESSION; SYSTEMS; REJECTION; DESIGN; NOISE AB A new method for the elimination of power line interference of potentially time-varying frequency, phase, and amplitude on telephone loops is presented. The proposed method is based on adaptive estimation, and subsequent elimination, of the fundamental and individual harmonic components of the induced power signal and tracking their variations over time. The structure and mathematical formulation of the proposed technique are presented, and its performance is demonstrated in a variety of scenarios. Superior performance of the proposed method over existing techniques is observed throughout all experiments. The proposed algorithm presents a simple and efficient method of elimination of narrowband interference of a potentially nonstationary nature that is suitable for real-time applications due to its structural simplicity. C1 [McNamara, David M.; Ziarani, Alireza K.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Majo, Jonathan P.] USAF, Arlington, VA 20301 USA. RP McNamara, DM (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM aziarani@clarkson.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 321 EP 331 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.909496 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 250YT UT WOS:000252338000014 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Amdahl, DJ Brown, A Cavazos, T Coffey, SK Domonkos, MT Frese, MH Frese, SD Gale, DG Grabowski, TC Intrator, TP Kirkpatrick, RC Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Letterio, JD Parker, JV Peterkin, RE Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Siemon, RE Sommars, W Tucker, W Turchi, PJ Wurden, GA AF Degnan, James H. Amdahl, David J. Brown, Aaron Cavazos, Thomas Coffey, Sean K. Domonkos, Matthew T. Frese, Michael H. Frese, Sherry D. Gale, Donald G. Grabowski, Theodore C. Intrator, Thomas P. Kirkpatrick, Ronald C. Kiuttu, Gerald F. Lehr, Frederick M. Letterio, James D. Parker, Jerald V. Peterkin, Robert E., Jr. Roderick, Norman F. Ruden, Edward L. Siemon, Richard E. Sommars, Wayne Tucker, Wesley Turchi, Peter J. Wurden, Glen A. TI Experimental and computational progress on liner implosions for compression of FRCs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE field-reversed configuration; liner implosion; magnetized plasma compression; magnetized target fusion ID MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; CONVERGING FLUX CONSERVER; THETA-PINCH; PLASMA; TRANSPORT; PARTICLE AB Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a means to compress plasmas to fusion conditions that uses magnetic fields to greatly reduce electron thermal conduction, thereby greatly reducing compression power density requirements. The compression is achieved by imploding the boundary, a metal shell. This effort pursues formation of the field-reversed configuration (FRC) type of magnetized plasma, and implosion of the metal shell by means of magnetic pressure from a high current flowing through the shell. We reported previously on experiments demonstrating that we can use magnetic pressure from high current capacitor discharges to implode long cylindrical metal shells (liners) with size, symmetry, implosion velocity, and overall performance suitable for compression of FRCs. We also presented considerations of using deformable liner-electrode contacts of Z-pinch geometry liners or theta pinch-driven liners, in order to have axial access to inject FRCs and to have axial diagnostic access. Since then, we have experimentally implemented the Z-pinch discharge driven deformable liner-electrode contact, obtained full axial coverage radiography of such a liner implosion, and obtained 2 1/2 dimensional MHD simulations for a variety of profiled thickness long cylindrical liners. The radiographic results indicate that at least 16 times radial compression of the inner surface of a 0.11-cm-thick Al liner was achieved, with a symmetric implosion, free of instability growth in the plane of the symmetry axis. We have also made progress in combining 2 1/2-D MHD simulations of FRC formation with imploding liner compression of FRCs. These indicate that capture of the injected FRC by the imploding liner can be achieved with suitable relative timing of the FRC formation and liner implosion discharges. C1 [Degnan, James H.; Domonkos, Matthew T.; Lehr, Frederick M.; Letterio, James D.; Ruden, Edward L.; Tucker, Wesley] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Amdahl, David J.; Brown, Aaron; Coffey, Sean K.; Frese, Michael H.; Frese, Sherry D.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Cavazos, Thomas; Gale, Donald G.; Grabowski, Theodore C.; Parker, Jerald V.; Peterkin, Robert E., Jr.; Sommars, Wayne] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Intrator, Thomas P.; Kirkpatrick, Ronald C.; Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kiuttu, Gerald F.] VariTech Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Roderick, Norman F.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Siemon, Richard E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM james.degnan@kirtland.af.mil RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.913814 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 263NY UT WOS:000253225000011 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ Roderick, NF Degnan, JH Frese, MH Amdahl, DJ AF Turchi, Peter J. Roderick, Norman F. Degnan, James H. Frese, Michael H. Amdahl, David J. TI Preparation and liner compression of plasma from an ultrahigh speed flow SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE controlled fusion; imploding liners; plasma dynamics; pulsed-power ID SWITCH; FLUX AB Preparation of the target plasma represents a critical issue in liner compression techniques to achieve fusion conditions. We consider the use of an ultrahigh speed plasma flow from a special coaxial-gun arrangement known as the plasma flow switch. Experiments have demonstrated that this arrangement can provide plasma flows with speeds in excess of 2000 km/s. Stagnation of such a plasma flow results in fully stripped aluminum plasma with electron temperatures of 30 keV. Substitution of deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture could provide target plasma at kilovolt temperatures within an imploding liner. Such temperatures suggest that, even if substantial heat loss occurred during liner compression, fusion-level temperatures would be possible. The concatenation of events to generate the ultrahigh speed flow, to direct it into the implosion chamber, and to arrange liner dynamics for effective compression demands numerical simulation, which is based on initial analytical estimates. Both types of calculation for exploring this concept are discussed. C1 [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Roderick, Norman F.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Degnan, James H.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Frese, Michael H.; Amdahl, David J.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM turchi@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.914169 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 263NY UT WOS:000253225000012 ER PT J AU Soref, R AF Soref, Richard TI The impact of silicon photonics SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE silicon; optoelectronics; integrated photonics ID REGION AB This paper reviews recent world-wide progress in silicon-based photonics-and-optoelectronics in order to provide a context for the papers in this special section of the IEICE Transactions. The impact of present and potential applications is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Richard.Soref@hanscom.af.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD FEB PY 2008 VL E91C IS 2 BP 129 EP 130 DI 10.1093/ietele/e91-c.2.129 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 269NI UT WOS:000253655400002 ER PT J AU Hall, RB AF Hall, Richard B. TI Combined thermodynamics approach for anisotropic, finite deformation overstress models of viscoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; viscoplasticity; finite deformation; anisotropic; overstress ID SINGLE-LAP JOINTS; GLASSY-POLYMERS; MULTIPLICATIVE DECOMPOSITION; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; ELASTIC-MATERIALS; BACK STRESS; BEHAVIOR; RUBBER; COMPOSITE; STRAIN AB An anisotropic finite deformation thermodynamic framework is developed that admits most of the models within the class of unified viscoplasticity approaches, applying to representations of the behaviors of polymers, metals and their composites. The importance of changing natural configurations as a driver for dissipation is emphasized, as is the specification of constitutive behaviors via the energy and dissipation functions. In a sequential application of thermodynamic approaches, Caratheodory's lemma is first applied to establish traditional potential relations for the stress and entropy, followed by application of the Coleman-Noll approach to deduce that evolution functions related to the rates of the independent variables must be associated with reversible, non-dissipative changes. The principal of maximum dissipation is lastly applied to deduce the flow rule, identify dissipative behaviors, and deduce interrelationships between the independently-specified energy and dissipation functions. A simplified case is described that illustrates these interrelationships and their compatibilities with the proposed framework. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hall, Richard B.] Air Force Res Lab, Adv Composites Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Adv Composites Branch, AFRL MLBCM Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Hall@wpafb.af.mil NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2007.09.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 262YP UT WOS:000253185100003 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, EG Calabria, C Tucker, M England, R AF Gonzalez, E. G. Calabria, C. Tucker, M. England, R. TI A prospective study of the effects of common allergy practice procedures on exhaled nitric oxide values SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Gonzalez, E. G.; Calabria, C.; Tucker, M.; England, R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 1006 BP S260 EP S260 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1032 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401469 ER PT J AU Rans, T Hrabak, T Whisman, B Grier, T LeFevre, D Duncan, E Whitaker, K Kwon, P Tankersley, M AF Rans, T. Hrabak, T. Whisman, B. Grier, T. LeFevre, D. Duncan, E. Whitaker, K. Kwon, P. Tankersley, M. TI The effect of imported fire ant whole-body extract on the degradation of timothy, ragweed, cat, and house dust mite allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Rans, T.; Hrabak, T.; Whisman, B.; Kwon, P.; Tankersley, M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Grier, T.; LeFevre, D.; Duncan, E.; Whitaker, K.] Greer Labs, Lenoir, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 547 BP S141 EP S141 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1102 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401011 ER PT J AU Pekker, L Keidar, M Cambier, JL AF Pekker, L. Keidar, M. Cambier, J. -L. TI Effect of thermal conductivity on the Knudsen layer at ablative surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED PLASMA THRUSTER; LASER-ABLATION; DISCHARGE; EVAPORATION; MODEL; VAPORIZATION AB In this article we develop an analytical model of the Knudsen layer at the ablative wall taking into account the temperature gradient in the bulk gas. The analysis is based on the premise that the temperature gradient in the bulk gas can be taken into account in the velocity distribution function at the outer boundary of the Knudsen layer. The model uses a bimodal velocity distribution function in the Knudsen layer, which preserves the laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy and converges to the Chapman-Enskog velocity distribution function at the outer boundary of the layer. The model is applied to polyethylene ablation, for which two cases are considered: (a) the ablation process is due to pure heat conduction to the surface, with no external heating of the ablated surface, and (b) the ablation is due to both the thermal conduction and an external heating of the surface, e.g., vaporization of a metal exposed to laser radiation. The region of validity of the existing models and effect of the temperature gradient on the Knudsen layer properties are calculated. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pekker, L.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Keidar, M.] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cambier, J. -L.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Pekker, L (reprint author), ERC Inc, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM leonid.pekker.ctr@edwards.af.mil NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 3 AR 034906 DI 10.1063/1.2838210 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263SZ UT WOS:000253238100093 ER PT J AU Cohen, O Sokolov, IV Roussev, II Lugaz, N Manchester, WB Gornbosi, TI Arge, CN AF Cohen, O. Sokolov, I. V. Roussev, I. I. Lugaz, N. Manchester, W. B. Gornbosi, T. I. Arge, C. N. TI Validation of a global 3D heliospheric model with observations for the May 12, 1997 CME event SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Recent Observations and Simulations of the Sun-Earth System (ISROSES) CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Varna, BULGARIA DE space weather; coronal mass ejection; MHD; magnetic field ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MHD SIMULATION; PERIOD MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SPACE WEATHER EVENT; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY PROPAGATION; STORM; EARTH; MAGNETOSPHERE; FLUX AB We simulate the May 12, 1997 space weather event from the Sun to the Earth. The initiation of the coronal mass ejection (CME) was done by superimposing a semi-circular, out-of-equilibrium. magnetic flux rope onto a semi-empirical, steady-state solar corona model (SCM). The result at 1 AU was obtained by coupling the SCM with an inner heliosphere model (IHM). Our results demonstrate that the CME parameters can be obtained from magnetogram data and white-light observations and that the results at 1 AU can be simulated faster than the real time, even with the use of a relatively moderate computation resources. This particular event, however, is found to be very difficult to model, despite the fact that it is temporarily isolated in time from other CME events and it occurred during a solar minimum period. We found that the active region flux rope should be resolved with higher resolution in order to maintain its integrity while propagating into space. This way we can obtain a better agreement with measurements at 1 AU. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, O.; Sokolov, I. V.; Lugaz, N.; Manchester, W. B.; Gornbosi, T. I.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Roussev, I. I.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cohen, O (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM oferc@umich.edu RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Roussev, Ilia/E-9141-2011; Manchester, Ward/I-9422-2012; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Cohen, Ofer/0000-0003-3721-0215 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 2-4 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.08.065 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 276JN UT WOS:000254137200050 ER PT J AU Barnes, SL Branson, R Gallo, LA Beck, G Johannigman, JA AF Barnes, Stephen L. Branson, Richard Gallo, Louis A. Beck, George Johannigman, Jay A. TI En-route care in the air: Snapshot of mechanical ventilation at 37,000 feet SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE CCATT; en-route critical care; mechanical ventilation; autonomous control ID ACUTE LUNG INJURY; TIDAL VOLUMES AB Objective: En-route care necessitates the evacuation of seriously wounded service members requiring mechanical ventilation in aircraft where low light, noise, vibration, and barometric pressure changes create a unique clinical environment. Our goal was to evaluate ventilatory requirements, oxygenation, and oxygen use in flight and assess the feasibility of a computer interface in this austere environment. Methods: A personal computer was integrated with the pulse oximeter and ventilator data port used in aeromedical evacuation from Iraq to Germany. Ventilator settings, inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), tidal volume (V-T), respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (V-E), monitored values, heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SPO2), were recorded continuously. Oxygen use was determined using the equation ([FiO(2) - 21]/79) x (MVE). Additional data were obtained through the United States Air Force (USAF) Transcom Regulation and Command/Control Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) and the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research Joint Theater Trauma Registry databases. Results: During a 4 month time frame 117 hours of continuous recording was accomplished in 22 patients. Mean age was 27 +/- 9.83 and injury severity score military was 31.75 +/- 20.63 (range, 9-75). All patients survived transport. Mean values for ventilator settings were FiO(2) (24-100%) of 49% +/- 13%, positive end-expiratory pressure of 6 +/- 2.5 (range, 0-17 cm H2O), RR of 15 +/- 2.4 (range, 10-22 breaths/min), and V-T of 611 +/- 75 (range, 390-700 mL). Delivered V-T in mililiter per kilogram was 6.9 +/- 1.30 and V-E was 9.1 L/min +/- 1.4 L/min. Oxygen requirements for desired FiO(2) and V, resulted in a mean oxygen usage of 3.24 L/min +/- 1.87 L/min (range, 1.6-10.2 L/min). There were 32 changes to FiO(2),. 18 changes to PEEP, 26 changes to RR, and 20 changes to V-T during flight. Five patients underwent no recorded changes in flight. Three desaturation events (<90%) were recorded lasting 35, 115, and 280 seconds. Recorded ventilatory changes averaged less than 1 (0.82) per hour of recorded flight with FiO(2) being the most common. Conclusions: A computer interface is feasible in the austere aeromedical environment. Implications to military operations and civilian homeland defense include understanding casualty oxygen requirements for resource planning in support of aeromedical evacuation. Portable oxygen generation systems may be able to provide adequate oxygen flow for transport, reducing the need for compressed gas. Future studies of oxygen conservation systems including closed loop control of FiO(2) are warranted. C1 [Barnes, Stephen L.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Barnes, Stephen L.; Branson, Richard; Johannigman, Jay A.] Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma Crit Care, USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Gallo, Louis A.] USAF, Headquarters AMC SBXL, Scott AFB, IL USA. [Beck, George] Impact Instrumentat Inc, W Caldwell, NJ USA. RP Barnes, SL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way,PO Box 670558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM barness3@ucmail.uc.edu NR 10 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S129 EP S134 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318160a5b4 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200035 PM 18376155 ER PT J AU Ennis, JL Chung, KK Renz, EM Barillo, DJ Albrecht, MC Jones, JA Blackbourne, LH Cancio, LC Eastridge, BJ Flaherty, SF Dorlac, WC Kelleher, KS Wade, CE Wolf, SE Jenkins, DH Holcomb, JB AF Ennis, Jody L. Chung, Kevin K. Renz, Evan M. Barillo, David J. Albrecht, Michael C. Jones, John A. Blackbourne, Lome H. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Eastridge, Brian J. Flaherty, Steven F. Dorlac, Warren C. Kelleher, K. S. Wade, Charles E. Wolf, Steven E. Jenkins, Donald H. Holcomb, John B. TI Joint theater trauma system implementation of burn resuscitation guidelines improves outcomes in severely burned military casualties SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE burn; joint theater trauma registry; resuscitation; guidelines ID FREEDOM AB Background: Between March 2003 and June 2007, our burn center received 594 casualties from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Ongoing acute burn resuscitation as severely burned casualties are evacuated over continents is very challenging. To help standardize care, burn resuscitation guidelines (BRG) were devised along with a burn flow sheet (BFS) and disseminated via the new operational Joint Theater Trauma System to assist deployed providers. Methods: After the BRG was implemented in January 2006, BRF data were prospectively collected in consecutive military casualties with > 30 % total body surface area (TBSA) burns (BRG Group). Baseline demographic data and fluid requirements for the first 24 hours of the burn resuscitation were collected from the BFS. Percentage full thickness TBSA burns, presence of inhalation injury, injury severity score, resuscitation-related abdominal compartment syndrome, and mortality were collected from our database. Individual charts were reviewed to determine the presence of extremity fasciotomies and myonecrosis. These results were compared with consecutive military casualties admitted during the 2-year-period before the system-wide implementation of the BRG (control group). Results: One hundred eighteen military casualties with burns >30% TBSA were admitted between January 2003 and June 2007, with n = 56 in the BRG group and n = 62 in the control group. The groups were different in age, but similar in %TBSA, %full thickness, presence of inhalation injury, and injury severity score. There was no difference in the rate of extremity fasciotomies or the incidence of myonecrosis between groups. Conclusions: The composite endpoint of abdominal compartment syndrome and mortality was significantly lower in the BRG group compared with the control group (p = 0.03). Implementation of the BRG and system-wide standardization of burn resuscitation improved outcomes in severely burned patients. Utilization of the joint theater trauma system to implement system-wide guidelines is effective and can help improve outcomes. C1 [Ennis, Jody L.] Burn Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Ennis, Jody L.; Chung, Kevin K.; Renz, Evan M.; Barillo, David J.; Albrecht, Michael C.; Jones, John A.; Blackbourne, Lome H.; Cancio, Leopoldo C.; Eastridge, Brian J.; Wade, Charles E.; Wolf, Steven E.; Holcomb, John B.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Flaherty, Steven F.; Dorlac, Warren C.] Lahnstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Kelleher, K. S.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Jenkins, Donald H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ennis, JL (reprint author), Burn Ctr, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jody.ennis@us.army.mil NR 7 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S146 EP S151 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318160b44c PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200039 PM 18376158 ER PT J AU Gaylord, KM Cooper, DB Mercado, JM Kennedy, JE Yoder, LH Holcomb, JB AF Gaylord, Kathryn M. Cooper, Douglas B. Mercado, Janyna M. Kennedy, Jan E. Yoder, Linda H. Holcomb, John B. TI Incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury in burned service members: Preliminary report SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE burn injury; blast injury; PTSD; mild TBI ID MENTAL-DISORDERS; HEALTH-PROBLEMS; BLAST INJURY; SYMPTOMS; OUTCOMES; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; OPERATIONS; MILITARY; CARE AB Background: Although sustaining physical injury in theater increases service members' risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), exposure to explosive munitions may increase the risk of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We hypothesized a higher incidence of PTSD and mTBI in service members who sustained both burn and explosion injuries than in nonexplosion exposed service members. Methods: A retrospective review of PTSD and mTBI assessments was completed on burned service members between September 2005 and August 2006. Subjects were divided into cohort groups: (1) PTSD and mTBI, (2) PTSD and no mTBI, (3) mTBI and no PTSD, (4) no mTBI and no PTSD. Specific criteria used for group classification were based on subjects' total score on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Military version (PCL-M), clinical interview, and record review to meet American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine criteria for mTBI. Descriptive analyses were used. Results: Seventy-six service members met the inclusion criteria. The incidence rate of PTSD was 32% and mTBI was 41%. Eighteen percent screened positive for PTSD and mTBI; 13% screened positive for PTSD, but not mTBI; 23% screened positive for mTBI but not PTSD; 46% did not screen positive for either PTSD or mTBI. Conclusion: Given the high incidence of these disorders in burned service members, further screening of PTSD and TBI appears warranted. Because symptom presentation in PTSD and mTBI is clinically similar in acute and subacute stages, and treatments can vary widely, further research investigating symptom profiles of PTSD and mTBI is warranted. C1 [Gaylord, Kathryn M.; Holcomb, John B.] USAISR, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cooper, Douglas B.; Mercado, Janyna M.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Kennedy, Jan E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Yoder, Linda H.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Nursing, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Gaylord, KM (reprint author), USAISR, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kathryn.gaylord@amedd.army.mil NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S200 EP S204 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318160ba42 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200054 PM 18376167 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DH Hedman, T AF Jenkins, Donald H. Hedman, Travis TI Incidence and severity of combat hand burns after all Army activity message - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jenkins, Donald H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hedman, Travis] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jenkins, DH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S172 EP S173 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200046 ER PT J AU Park, MS AF Park, Myung S. TI The ratio of fibrinogen to red cells transfused affects survival in casualties receiving massive transfusions at an army combat support hospital - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Park, Myung S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Park, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200022 ER PT J AU Plotkin, AJ Wade, CE Jenkins, DH Smith, KA Noe, JC Park, MS Perkins, JG Holcomb, JB AF Plotkin, Amy J. Wade, Charles E. Jenkins, Donald H. Smith, Kimberly A. Noe, Jody C. Park, Myung S. Perkins, Jeremy G. Holcomb, John B. TI A reduction in clot formation rate and strength assessed by thrombelastography is indicative of transfusion requirements in patients with penetrating injuries SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE thrombelastograph; clot; transfusion; trauma; penetrating injury ID TRAUMA PATIENT; COAGULATION; THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY; COAGULOPATHY; PLATELET; SURGERY; BYPASS AB Background: Bleeding is a major cause of death in patients with traumatic injuries. Recently, thrombelastograph (TEG) has been suggested as an additional means of evaluating coagulation in trauma patients. We hypothesized that TEG data would aid in defining the coagulopathy of trauma in patients with penetrating traumatic injuries. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of patients (n = 44) with penetrating injuries admitted to a combat support hospital during a 2-month period in 2004. Recorded data included standard laboratory data, TEG parameters, and blood product use in the first 24 hours after admission. Values were compared with clinically accepted ranges and those obtained from the Haemoscope Corporation. Results: At admission, International Normalization Ratio, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time were increased in 39% (>= 1.5), 31% ( >16 seconds), and 37% (> 40 seconds) of patients, respectively, suggesting hypocoagulation, but these variables did not correlate with the use of blood products (p > 0.05). TEG values obtained within 24 hours of admission (6 hours +/- 5.7 hours; median of 4.5 hours) demonstrated hypocoagulation based on delayed propagation of the clot (increased K time and reduced alpha-angle) and decreased clot strength (reduced maximal amplitude [MA]). MA correlated (r = 0.57,p < 0.01) with blood product use as well as platelet count (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). Patients with reduced MA (n = 23) used more blood products and had reduced platelet counts and hematocrit. Conclusion: Thrombelastography was a more accurate indicator of blood product requirements in our patient population than prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and International Normalization Ratio. Thrombelastography enhanced by platelet count and hematocrit can guide blood transfusion requirements. C1 [Plotkin, Amy J.; Wade, Charles E.; Holcomb, John B.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Plotkin, Amy J.] Pittsburg Tissue Engn Initiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Jenkins, Donald H.; Smith, Kimberly A.; Noe, Jody C.; Park, Myung S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Perkins, Jeremy G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Wade, CE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley T Chambers Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM charles.wade@amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S64 EP S68 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318160772d PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200018 PM 18376174 ER PT J AU Renz, EM Cancio, LC Barillo, DJ White, CE Albrecht, MC Thompson, CK Ennis, JL Wanek, SM King, JA Chung, KK Wolf, SE Holcomb, JB AF Renz, Evan M. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Barillo, David J. White, Christopher E. Albrecht, Michael C. Thompson, Charles K. Ennis, Jody L. Wanek, Sandra M. King, James A. Chung, Kevin K. Wolf, Steven E. Holcomb, John B. TI Long range transport of war-related burn casualties SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE burns; aeromedical evacuation; critical care air transport ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; AIR EVACUATION AB Background: US military burn casualties are evacuated to the US Army Institute of Surgical Research Burn Center in San Antonio, TX. Patients are transported by US Army Institute of Surgical Research Burn Flight Teams, Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams, or routine aeromedical evacuation. This study characterizes the military burn casualties transported by each team and reports associated outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of burn center registry data, identifying all US burn casualties admitted to the Army's burn center between March 2003 and February 2007. Data included total body surface area (TBSA) burn, ventilatory status, inhalational injury, associated injuries, injury severity, disposition, morbidity, and mortality. Results: During 4 years of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, 540 casualties were admitted to our burn center for treatment of injuries resulting from war-related operations. Mean burn size was 16.7% total body surface area (range, <1%-95%) with a mean Injury Severity Score of 12.2 +/- 13.7. One hundred eight-one (33.5%) casualties required ventilatory support in flight; inhalation injury was confirmed in 69 (12.7%) patients. Two hundred six (38.1%) were transported by the Burn Flight Team and 174 (32.2%) were transported by Critical Care Air Transport Team, with a mean transit time of 4 days after injury. One hundred sixty (29.6%) patients were routine aeromedical evacuees. There were no in-flight deaths reported; 30 (5.6%) patients died of their wounds at our burn center. Conclusions: Burn casualties represent a group of patients with severe traumatic injuries. Our current system of selectively using specialty medical transport teams for the long-range transport of burn casualties is safe and effective. C1 [Renz, Evan M.] Burn Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Renz, Evan M.; Cancio, Leopoldo C.; Barillo, David J.; White, Christopher E.; Albrecht, Michael C.; Thompson, Charles K.; Ennis, Jody L.; Chung, Kevin K.; Wolf, Steven E.; Holcomb, John B.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Wanek, Sandra M.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [King, James A.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Renz, EM (reprint author), Burn Ctr, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM evan.renz@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S136 EP S144 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31816086c9 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200037 PM 18376156 ER PT J AU Ritenour, AE Dorlac, WC Fang, R Woods, T Jenkins, DH Flaherty, SF Wade, CE Holcomb, JB AF Ritenour, Amber E. Dorlac, Warren C. Fang, Raymond Woods, Timothy Jenkins, Donald H. Flaherty, Stephen F. Wade, Charles E. Holcomb, John B. TI Complications after fasciotomy revision and delayed compartment release in combat patients SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE fasciotomy; compartment syndrome; extremity; revision; delayed; combat wounds; OIF; OEF ID TRAUMA; CASUALTIES; LEG AB Background: Incomplete or delayed fasciotomies are associated with muscle necrosis and death in civilian trauma. Combat explosions severely damage tissue and distort normal anatomy making fasciotomies challenging. Rapid air evacuation may delay treatment of patients with evolving extremity compartment syndrome. We investigated the impact of fasciotomy revision and delayed compartment release on combat casualties after air evacuation. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of combat casualties who underwent fasciotomies in Iraq, Afghanistan, or at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center between January 1, 2005 and August 31, 2006. Outcomes were rates of muscle excision, major amputation, and mortality. Results: A total of 336 patients underwent 643 fasciotomies. Most were to the lower leg (49%) and forearm (23%). Patients who underwent a fasciotomy revision had higher rates of muscle excision (35% vs. 9%, p < 0.01) and mortality (20 % vs. 6 %, p < 0.01) than those who did not receive a revision. The anterior and deep compartments of the-lower leg were the most commonly unopened. Patients who underwent fasciotomy after evacuation had higher rates of muscle excision (25% vs. 11%), amputation (31 vs. 15%), and mortality (19% vs. 5%) than patients who received their fasciotomies in the combat theater (p < 0.01). Patients who underwent revisions or delayed fasciotomies had higher Injury Severity Score and larger burns as well as lower systolic blood pressure, acidosis, and more pressor use during air evacuation. These patients also received more blood products at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center. Conclusion: Fasciotomy revision was associated with a fourfold increase in mortality. The most common revision procedures were extension of fascial incisions and opening new compartments. The most commonly unopened compartment was the anterior compartment of the lower leg. Patients who underwent delayed fasciotomies had twice the rate of major amputation and a threefold higher mortality. C1 [Ritenour, Amber E.; Wade, Charles E.; Holcomb, John B.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Dorlac, Warren C.; Fang, Raymond; Flaherty, Stephen F.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Jenkins, Donald H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wade, CE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. EM Charles.Wade@amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 SU S BP S153 EP S161 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181607750 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 265UJ UT WOS:000253386200041 PM 18376159 ER PT J AU Whittemore, DE Hick, EJ Carter, MR Moul, JW Miranda-Sousa, AJ Sexton, WJ AF Whittemore, Darren E. Hick, Eric J. Carter, Mark R. Moul, Judd W. Miranda-Sousa, Alejandro J. Sexton, Wade J. TI Significance of tertiary gleason pattern 5 in gleason score 7 radical prostatectomy specimens SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; disease progression; recurrence ID PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA; CANCER PROGRESSION; DISEASE RESEARCH; PREDICTOR; CARCINOMA; GRADE; RECURRENCE; SURVIVAL; ANTIGEN AB Purpose: The Gleason grading system in reporting prostate cancer accounts for the primary and secondary Gleason pattern. The clinical significance of a higher tertiary (third most prevalent) grade is largely unrecognized. Materials and Methods: Radical prostatectomy specimens from 300 patients with Gleason score 7 (3 + 4 or 4 + 3) prostate cancer were pathologically reexamined for the presence of a tertiary grade 5 pattern as well as the association with pathological stage and biochemical recurrence-free survival. Results: A total of 214 patients met study inclusion criteria. Patients with Gleason score 7 and tertiary grade 5 cancer had significantly higher pathological stage disease than patients with Gleason score 7 without tertiary grade 5 cancer (p < 0.001). Gleason score 7 + tertiary pattern 5 tumors were significantly associated with adverse pathological features such as seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension and lymphovascular invasion compared to Gleason score 7 tumors (p < 0.05). The relative effects of a tertiary grade 5 component on all pathological parameters analyzed was greater for Gleason score 7 tumors with a lower primary Gleason pattern 3 vs a higher primary Gleason pattern 4. Patients with Gleason score 7 + tertiary pattern 5 tumors had significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival (54 months) compared to patients with Gleason score 7 tumors (121 months) (p = 0.0005). Preoperative prostate specific antigen, lymphovascular invasion and positive surgical margin status were shown to be independent predictors of prostate specific antigen recurrence on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Small percentages of tertiary grade 5 patterns in Gleason score 7 radical prostatectomy specimens are associated with aggressive pathological features predictive of advanced pathological stage and biochemical recurrence-free survival. C1 [Miranda-Sousa, Alejandro J.; Sexton, Wade J.] Univ S Florida, H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Genitourinary Oncol Program, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Whittemore, Darren E.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Dept Pathol, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Hick, Eric J.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Urol Surg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Carter, Mark R.] Pathol Sci Med Grp, Chico, CA USA. [Moul, Judd W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC USA. RP Sexton, WJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Genitourinary Oncol Program, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM Wade.Sexton@Moffitt.org NR 22 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 179 IS 2 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.085 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 251JP UT WOS:000252369600034 PM 18076949 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE Warner, M AF Campbell, Scot E. Warner, Meredith TI MR Imaging of Ankle Inversion Injuries SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE MR imaging; Ankle injuries; Ankle inversion; Ankle ligament tear; Osteochondral injury ID ACHILLES-TENDON RUPTURES; OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS; COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS; DELTOID LIGAMENT; LATERAL ANKLE; RISK-FACTORS; TALAR DOME; TIBIOFIBULAR SYNDESMOSIS; ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; PROCESS FRACTURES AB Ankle inversions are common in the general population and in athletes. Multiple concurrent injuries are a common result of an ankle-inversion injury. Syndesmosis injury, lateral ankle ligament tears, peroneal retinaculum or tendon injury, osteochondral lesion, or fracture may occur. Chronic pain or instability may result from one or more of these injuries. MR imaging provides superior soft tissue resolution, high sensitivity for occult fractures, and the ability to image the articular cartilage and ankle ligaments directly. This article discusses the MR imaging evaluation of acute and chronic ankle inversion injuries. C1 [Campbell, Scot E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Warner, Meredith] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Campbell, SE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM scot.campbell@lackland.af.mil NR 88 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1064-9689 J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING C JI Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mric.2008.02.001 PG 19 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 427HE UT WOS:000264769600002 PM 18440474 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Campbell, SE AF Beall, Douglas P. Campbell, Scot E. TI Foot and Ankle - Preface SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Beall, Douglas P.] Clin Radiol Oklahoma, Serv Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Beall, Douglas P.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Orthoped Surg, Oklahoma City, OK 73103 USA. [Campbell, Scot E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Beall, DP (reprint author), Clin Radiol Oklahoma, Serv Radiol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. EM db@clinrad.org; scot.campbell@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1064-9689 J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING C JI Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP XI EP XI DI 10.1016/j.mric.2008.03.007 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 427HE UT WOS:000264769600001 PM 18440473 ER PT J AU Allen, JM Greer, BJ Sorge, DG Campbell, SE AF Allen, Jason M. Greer, Barry J. Sorge, David G. Campbell, Scot E. TI MR Imaging of Neuropathies of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review DE MR imaging; Neuropathies; Peripheral nerve imaging ID DEEP PERONEAL-NERVE; TARSAL TUNNEL-SYNDROME; CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY; INFERIOR CALCANEAL NERVES; TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; SMALL SAPHENOUS-VEIN; SURAL NERVE; LOWER-EXTREMITY; CLINICAL IMPORTANCE AB Neuropathies of the lower extremity may occur from traumatic injury, surgery, tumor, entrapment by adjacent structures, and a variety of other causes. At times, the clinical presentation can be confusing. Because of its superior soft tissue contrast and the ability to image in any plane, MR imaging is the modality of choice for visualization of peripheral nerve pathology. This article discusses the anatomy and pathology of the nerves of the leg, ankle, and foot, with an emphasis on MR imaging. C1 [Allen, Jason M.; Greer, Barry J.; Sorge, David G.; Campbell, Scot E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Campbell, SE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM scot.campbell@lackland.af.mil NR 114 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1064-9689 J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING C JI Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 117 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mric.2008.02.006 PG 16 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 427HE UT WOS:000264769600010 PM 18440482 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Teliovych, RV Ivanchenko, VG Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB AF Ivasishin, Orest M. Teliovych, Roman V. Ivanchenko, Volodymyr G. Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu Miracle, Daniel B. TI Processing, microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of the Ti-6Al-4V-1.55B eutectic alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TI-6AL-4V/TIB COMPOSITES; HEAT-TREATMENT; BORON AB Boron (B) addition to conventional titanium (Ti) alloys instigates precipitation of intermetallic TiB whiskers that provide significant increases in strength and stiffness. The eutectic composition is the maximum boron concentration that provides these benefits via melt processing while maintaining reasonable ductility and damage tolerance. The eutectic point for the most widely used Ti alloy, Ti-6Al-4V (wt pct), modified with B, was determined to occur at 1.55 +/- 0.05B and 1545 +/- 5 degrees C. The microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of the eutectic alloy are sensitive to ingot solidification conditions and melt pool morphology. Several microstructural forms in the as-cast condition as well as their transformation during thermomechanical processing (TMP) were identified. Two types of eutectic structures, aligned and random, were obtained. Cast microstructures with random eutectic colony orientation had no marked crystallographic texture, while cast aligned microstructure had a strong [020] texture for the TiB phase and a < 110 > circular texture for the alpha-Ti phase. As-cast microstructure could be significantly modified via TMP. Fragmentation of TiB occurred during three-dimensional (3-D) forging and aligned microstructures were produced after rolling or extrusion. An attractive balance of strength and ductility was obtained after solution treatment in the full beta condition followed by aging. The microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V-1.55B eutectic alloy can be controlled to tailor the property combinations. C1 [Ivasishin, Orest M.; Teliovych, Roman V.] Kiev Met Phys Inst, Lab Heat Treatment Steels & Titanium Alloys, UA-252142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Ivanchenko, Volodymyr G.] Kiev Met Phys Inst, Dept Pharm Equilibria, UA-252142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), Kiev Met Phys Inst, Lab Heat Treatment Steels & Titanium Alloys, UA-252142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM seshacharyulu.tamirisakandala.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39A IS 2 BP 402 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9425-x PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255GK UT WOS:000252645600021 ER PT J AU Sansone, RA Matheson, MVG Gaither, GA Logan, N AF Sansone, Randy A. Matheson, Maj V. Grace Gaither, George A. Logan, Nate TI Concerns about career stigma by military parents of children with psychiatric illness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INDIVIDUALS; EXPERIENCES; PERCEPTION; DISORDERS; RELATIVES; STUDENTS; BARRIERS AB Stigma is known to have deleterious effects on individuals with psychiatric disorders as well as their family members. In this study, we examined stigma with regard to career concerns among active duty members of the Air Force with children who have psychiatric disorders. Albeit a weak relationship, a bivariate correlation confirmed a significant relationship between the child's mental health utilization (i.e., severity of illness) and participants concerns about the potential effects on their military (r = 0.423, p < 0.01), as well as civilian (r = 0.353, p < 0.01), careers. These findings indicate that among military members with children who have psychiatric disorders, illness severity significantly relates to concerns about the impact of stigma on careers, particularly military careers. C1 [Sansone, Randy A.] Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Internal Med, Dayton, OH 45408 USA. [Sansone, Randy A.] Sycamore Primary Care Ctr, Miamisburg, OH 45342 USA. [Matheson, Maj V. Grace] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Miamisburg, OH 45342 USA. [Gaither, George A.; Logan, Nate] Ball State Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Sansone, RA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Internal Med, Dayton, OH 45408 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 134 EP 137 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261ZI UT WOS:000253118100005 PM 18333488 ER PT J AU Ross, MC Smith, KK Smith, A Ryan, R Webb, L Humphreys, S AF Ross, Mary Candice Smith, Kandy K. Smith, Anita Ryan, Rebecca Webb, Lidia Humphreys, Susanne TI Analysis of after-action reporting by deployed nurses SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Military-Surgeons-of-the-United-States CY OCT 31, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Assoc Mil Surg US AB The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of information in after-action reports in terms of nursing practice and the utility of using after-action reports in a feedback loop to improve nursing training. This was a three-phase, mixed-method, qualitative study, using focus groups, phone surveys, and e-mail surveys to collect data. The sample consisted of 72 military nurses (Air Force, Navy, and Army) deployed in the last 4 years. The process of after-action reporting is unknown to the majority of nurse corps officers. Topics of concern in after-actions reporting included supplies, psychosocial issues, personnel, communications, logistics, and after-actions reporting process. Traditional written after-actions reporting has not provided an adequate feedback loop. Alternative methods suggested included "hot wash" meetings, online submissions, e-mail contributions, and verbal debriefings. After-actions reporting could yield an excellent wealth of information, if reported in a timely and detailed manner, for nursing leaders. C1 [Ross, Mary Candice; Smith, Kandy K.; Smith, Anita; Ryan, Rebecca] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Webb, Lidia] Kessler AFB, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Humphreys, Susanne] Little Rock AFB, Little Rock, AR 72099 USA. RP Ross, MC (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 210 EP 216 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261ZI UT WOS:000253118100017 PM 18333500 ER PT J AU Phillips, JD Cain, SC AF Phillips, James D. Cain, Stephen C. TI Joint maximum likelihood estimator for pupil and image plane data SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser detection and ranging; deconvolution; correlography; phase retrieval ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL; RECONSTRUCTION; OBJECT AB Laser imaging through atmospheric turbulence is a challenging problem due primarily to turbulence near the aperture. Amplitude measurements of the return beam in the aperture plane are less sensitive to near-field turbulence, but contain limited information about the Fourier phase of the target image. We propose a method of using deconvolution of laser speckle degraded imagery, together with pupil plane techniques, to produce coherent image reconstructions with spatial resolution not limited by the atmospheric conditions. The technique is demonstrated using computer simulation. (c) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Phillips, James D.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 AR 026002 DI 10.1117/1.2870168 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 281TV UT WOS:000254522700030 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Lyo, SK Thomas, KJ Pepper, M AF Huang, Danhong Lyo, S. K. Thomas, K. J. Pepper, M. TI Field-induced modulation of the conductance, thermoelectric power, and magnetization in ballistic coupled double quantum wires under a tilted magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEM; IMPURITY-LIMITED MOBILITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; POINT CONTACTS; TRANSPORT; STATES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; WELLS; OSCILLATIONS AB The effect of a tilted magnetic field B on the modulation of tunneling, the ballistic conductance, the ballistic electron-diffusion thermoelectric power, and the orbital magnetization is studied for tunnel-coupled ballistic double quantum wires. The magnetic field has a component B(y) along the wires and a component B(x) perpendicular to the plane that contains both wires. We find that B(y) alters the B(x) dependence of the electronic and transport properties drastically in the presence of interwire tunneling. The latter has been studied extensively in the literatures in the absence of B(y) and is known to show many interesting transport properties. The presence of B(y) causes the effective tunneling integral to oscillate continuously with sign changes and decay eventually for large B(y). The B(y)-induced interwire tunnel coupling between different sublevels and the quenching of it under a large B(y) were both observed experimentally by Thomas et al. [Phys. Rev. B 59, 12252 (1999)]. C1 [Huang, Danhong] AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lyo, S. K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Thomas, K. J.; Pepper, M.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 8 AR 085320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.085320 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 271BQ UT WOS:000253764300074 ER PT J AU Woodward, C Trinkle, DR Hector, LG Olmsted, DL AF Woodward, C. Trinkle, D. R. Hector, L. G., Jr. Olmsted, D. L. TI Prediction of dislocation cores in aluminum from density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; MECHANISM; METALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALLOYS; ENERGY AB The strain field of isolated screw and edge dislocation cores in aluminum are calculated using density-functional theory and a flexible boundary condition method. Nye tensor density contours and differential displacement fields are used to accurately bound Shockley partial separation distances. Our results of 5-7.5 angstrom (screw) and 7.0-9.5 angstrom (edge) eliminate uncertainties resulting from the wide range of previous results based on Peierls-Nabarro and atomistic methods. Favorable agreement of the predicted cores with limited experimental measurements demonstrates the need for quantum mechanical treatment of dislocation cores. C1 [Woodward, C.; Trinkle, D. R.] Wright Patterson AFB, USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Trinkle, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hector, L. G., Jr.] GM Corp, R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Olmsted, D. L.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 NR 31 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 8 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 AR 045507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.045507 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 258JE UT WOS:000252863400059 PM 18352300 ER PT J AU Beck, AS Okulicz, JF Rasnake, MS AF Beck, Amy S. Okulicz, Jason F. Rasnake, Mark S. TI Chest pain in a military recruit SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE carditis; heart block; Lyme; myocarditis ID LYME-DISEASE; CARDIAC MANIFESTATIONS AB Lyme borreliosis remains an important and common vector-borne illness in the United States, Europe, and Asia. In the majority of cases, it presents as a localized rash that seldom causes further complications with antibiotic treatment. If left undetected however, various neurologic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal manifestations may occur. Reported here is the case of a basic military trainee who first presented with cardiac manifestations of Lyme disease, highlighting this tick-borne illness as a rare, easily forgotten, and treatable cause of complete heart block. C1 [Beck, Amy S.; Okulicz, Jason F.; Rasnake, Mark S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MMIMR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Beck, Amy S.; Okulicz, Jason F.; Rasnake, Mark S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Beck, AS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MMIMR, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM amy.beck@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 262LP UT WOS:000253150300026 PM 18364626 ER PT J AU Schnatterly, K Shaw, KW Jenning, WW AF Schnatterly, Karen Shaw, Kenneth W. Jenning, William W. TI Information advantages of large institutional owners SO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE institutional owners; monitoring; ownership concentration; information; bid-ask spread ID BID-ASK SPREAD; LARGE SHAREHOLDERS; MARKET LIQUIDITY; COMPONENTS; BEHAVIOR; ASSET; COSTS; FIRM AB We study the relation between the percentage of outstanding shares held by a firm's largest institutional owner and the bid-ask spread on that firm's shares, a measure of information risk. We find that the greater the percentage of shares held by the largest institutional investor, the greater the bid-ask spread in share prices. In contrast, the percentage of shares held by smaller institutional owners is related to lower bid-ask spreads. The results imply that only the largest of a firm's institutional owners-and no other institutional owner-is perceived to hold an information advantage. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schnatterly, Karen] Univ Missouri, Dept Management, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Shaw, Kenneth W.] Univ Missouri, Sch Accountancy, Columbia, MO USA. [Jenning, William W.] US AF Acad, Academy, CO USA. RP Schnatterly, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Management, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM schnatterlyk@missouri.edu NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0143-2095 J9 STRATEG MANAGE J JI Strateg. Manage. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1002/smj.654 PG 9 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 254OF UT WOS:000252595200006 ER PT J AU Haugan, TJ Campbell, TA Pierce, NA Locke, MF Maartense, I Barnes, PN AF Haugan, T. J. Campbell, T. A. Pierce, N. A. Locke, M. F. Maartense, I. Barnes, P. N. TI Microstructural and superconducting properties of (Y1-xEux)Ba2Cu3O7-delta thin films: x=0-1 SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; BA-CU-O; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CRYSTAL-CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTIONS; COATED CONDUCTORS; T-C; NANOPARTICLE DISPERSIONS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; EPITAXIAL-FILMS; FIELD AB Thin films of (Y1-xEux)Ba2Cu3O7-delta with x = 0-1 were grown by pulsed laser deposition on single crystal substrates, to determine the effect of Y and Eu substitution on the microstructural and superconducting properties. The film critical transition temperature (T-c), critical current density (J(c)) and surface roughness were found to be strongly dependent on the substrate choice, with the best properties achieved on CeO2-YSZ substrates. Substrates with varying lattice mismatch from -2% to +1% were studied, including LaAlO3, SrTiO3, CeO2-buffer-coated Zr0.905Y0.095O2 (YSZ), and (LaAlO3)(0.3)(Sr2AlTaO6)(0.7) (LSAT). With increasing Eu substitution from x = 0 to 1, the T-c on CeO2-YSZ substrates increased steadily from 89 to 93 K. The value of J(c) was measured by magnetic methods at 65 and 77 K, and by transport methods at 77 K for selected samples and different angles of orientation H-appl(theta) = 0 degrees-90 degrees. As Eu substitution was increased from x = 0 to >= 0.2, J(c) at 77 K increased strongly more than two-fold for H parallel to ab > 0.2 T and for H < 0.5 T for all orientations 0 degrees <= theta <= 90 degrees; but, it decreased more than two-fold for H parallel to c > 1 T. The J(c)(H) properties at both low and high fields correlated well with microstructural features observed by scanning electron microscopy. The low-field J(c)(H parallel to c) was enhanced when the grain size was reduced to similar to 100 nm size, and the self-field and high-field J(c)(H) appeared to be strongly affected by the film density and porosity. A controlled dense-island structure was noted for x = 0.75, on CeO2-YSZ substrate. C1 [Haugan, T. J.; Campbell, T. A.; Pierce, N. A.; Locke, M. F.; Maartense, I.; Barnes, P. N.] AFRL RZPG, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, TJ (reprint author), AFRL RZPG, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 AR 025014 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/2/025014 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 261NY UT WOS:000253087800015 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Briggs, MB Lyons, TJ AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Briggs, Michael B. Lyons, Terence J. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for multiple sclerosis SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE discovery; innovation; science and technology; text mining; literature-based discovery; radical discovery; innovation; information retrieval; unconnected disciplines; disparate disciplines; interdisciplinary; multidisciplinary; multiple sclerosis ID EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE SECRETION; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; RAT-BRAIN; DAMAGE; EXTRACT; NEUROPROTECTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; RESTRICTION; EFFICACY AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The previous three papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder (typically preceded by periods of remission and relapse), affecting mainly people in their early-mid life. MS is characterized by changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty to move; difficulties with coordination and balance (ataxia); problems in speech (Dysarthria) or swallowing (Dysphagia), visual problems (Nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic pain syndromes, bladder and bowel difficulties, cognitive impairment, or emotional symptomatology (mainly depression). We selected the subject of MS because of its global prevalence, and its apparent intractability to all treatments except for palliative remediation. mainly through drugs or surgery. Our first goal was to identify non-drug nonsurgical treatments that would 1) prevent the occurrence, or 2) reduce the progression rate, or 3) stop the progression, or 4) maybe even reverse the progression, of MS. Our second goal was to demonstrate that we could again solve an ODS problem (using LRD) with no prior knowledge of any results or prior work (unlike the case of the RP problem). As in the 'cataract' and PD examples, we used the MeSH taxonomy of MEDLINE to restrict potential discoveries to selected semantic classes, and to identify potential discoveries efficiently. Our third goal was to generate large amounts of potential discovery in more than an order of magnitude less time than required for the RP study. The discovery generation methodology has been developed to the point where ODS LRD problems can be solved with no results or knowledge of any prior work. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Arlington, VA USA. [Lyons, Terence J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.002 PG 17 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100006 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Block, JA Solka, JRL Briggs, MB Rushenberg, RL Stump, JA Johnson, D Lyons, TJ Wyatt, JR AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Block, Joel A. Solka, Jeff-Rey L. Briggs, Michael B. Rushenberg, Robert L. Stump, Jesse A. Johnson, Dustin Lyons, Terence J. Wyatt, Jeffrey R. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned,. and future research directions SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE literature-based discovery; text mining; innovation; Raynaud's phenomenon; cataracts; Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; water purification ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; POTENTIAL TREATMENTS; VITAMIN-E; COMBINATIONS; RATS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; MAGNESIUM; MICE; EXPRESSION; PEPTIDES AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The five immediately preceding papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP). We describe the lessons learned from each application, and how the techniques can be improved further. Generation of much potential discovery using ODS LRD is possible when the conceptual roadblocks to discovery are removed. Some of these roadblocks include use of numerical filters that are unrelated to generating discovery, and excessive reliance on literatures directly related to the problem literature of interest. The issue of how to handle large amounts of potential discovery has not been addressed in the literature, since most ODS LRD researchers have tried to find a relatively few potential discovery items. We present a development strategy that capitalizes on the large amounts of potential discovery we have identified. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Block, Joel A.] Rush Univ, Rush Med Coll, Med Ctr, Rheumatol Sect, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Solka, Jeff-Rey L.] USN, Ctr Surface Weapons, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Arlington, VA USA. [Rushenberg, Robert L.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Stump, Jesse A.] Loyola Coll, Catonsville, MD USA. [Lyons, Terence J.] Northrop Grummans Intelligence Grp, Arlington, VA USA. [Lyons, Terence J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Wyatt, Jeffrey R.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 276 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.003 PG 24 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100008 ER PT J AU Murdock, RC Braydich-Stolle, L Schrand, AM Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Murdock, Richard C. Braydich-Stolle, Laura Schrand, Amanda M. Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution prior to In vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dynamic light scattering; nanomaterials; toxicity; characterization ID NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; DELIVERY; SYSTEM AB The need to characterize nanoparticles in solution before assessing the in vitro toxicity is a high priority. Particle size, size distribution, particle morphology, particle composition, surface area, surface chemistry, and particle reactivity in solution are important factors which need to be defined to accurately assess nanoparticle toxicity. Currently, there are no well-defined techniques for characterization of wet nanomaterials in aqueous or biological solutions. Previously reported nanoparticle characterization techniques in aqueous or biological solutions have consisted of the use of ultra-high illumination light microscopy and disc centrifuge sedimentation; however, these techniques are limited by the measurement size range. The current study focuses on characterizing a wide range of nanomaterials using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy, including metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials, in water and cell culture media, with and without serum. Cell viability and cell morphology studies were conducted in conjunction with DLS experiments to evaluate toxicological effects from observed agglomeration changes in the presence or absence of serum in cell culture media. Observations of material-specific surface properties were also recorded. It was also necessary to characterize the impact of sonication, which is implemented to aid in particle dispersion and solution mixture. Additionally, a stock solution of nanomaterials used for toxicology studies was analyzed for changes in agglomeration and zeta potential of the material over time. In summary, our results demonstrate that many metal and metal oxide nanomaterials agglomerate in solution and that depending upon the solution particle agglomeration is either agitated or mitigated. Corresponding toxicity data revealed that the addition of serum to cell culture media can, in some cases, have a significant effect on particle toxicity possibly due to changes in agglomeration or surface chemistry. It was also observed that sonication slightly reduces agglomeration and has minimal effect on particle surface charge. Finally, the stock solution experienced significant changes in particle agglomeration and surface charge over time. C1 [Murdock, Richard C.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura; Schrand, Amanda M.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,Area B, Bldg 837,R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 484 Z9 490 U1 28 U2 222 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm240 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 250NE UT WOS:000252306100007 PM 17872897 ER PT J AU Aouadi, SM Paudel, Y Luster, B Stadler, S Kohli, P Muratore, C Hager, C Voevodin, AA AF Aouadi, Samir M. Paudel, Yadab Luster, Brandon Stadler, Shane Kohli, Punit Muratore, Christopher Hager, Carl Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Adaptive Mo2N/MoS2/Ag tribological nanocomposite coatings for aerospace applications SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE self-lubricating friction; solid lubricants; Raman; solid lubricated wear; coatings; friction-reducing ID CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MOLYBDENUM NITRIDE; THIN-FILMS; MO-N; MO2N/AG NANOCOMPOSITE; HARD COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; DEPOSITION; GROWTH AB Reactively sputtered Mo2N/MoS2/Ag nanocomposite coatings were deposited from three individual Mo, MoS2, and Ag targets in a nitrogen environment onto Si (111), 440C grade stainless steel, and inconel 600 substrates. The power to the Mo target was kept constant, while power to the MoS2 and Ag targets was varied to obtain different coating compositions. The coatings consisted of Mo2N, with silver and/or sulfur additions of up to approximately 24 at%. Coating chemistry and crystal structure were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed the presence of tetragonal Mo2N and cubic Ag phases. The MoS2 phase was detected from XPS analysis and was likely present as an amorphous inclusion based on the absence of characteristic XRD peaks. The tribological properties of the coatings were investigated in dry sliding at room temperature against Si3N4, 440C stainless steel, and Al2O3. Tribological testing was also conducted at 350 and 600 degrees C against Si3N4. The coatings and respective wear tracks were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, profilometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. During room temperature tests, the coefficients of friction (CoF) were relatively high (0.5-1.0) for all coating compositions, and particularly high against Si3N4 counterfaces. During high-temperature tests, the CoF of single-phase Mo2N coatings remained high, but much lower CoFs were observed for composite coatings with both Ag and S additions. CoF values were maintained as low as 0.1 over 10,000 cycles for samples with Ag content in excess of 16 at% and with sulfur content in the 5-14 at% range. The chemistry and phase analysis of coating contact surfaces showed temperature-adaptive behavior with the formation of metallic silver at 350 degrees C and silver molybdate compounds at 600 degrees C tests. These adaptive Mo2N/MoS2/Ag coatings exhibited wear rates that were two orders of magnitude lower compared to Mo2N and Mo2N/Ag coatings, hence providing a high potential for lubrication and wear prevention of high-temperature sliding contacts. C1 [Aouadi, Samir M.; Paudel, Yadab; Luster, Brandon; Stadler, Shane] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Kohli, Punit] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Muratore, Christopher; Hager, Carl; Voevodin, Andrey A.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 43 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 14 U2 92 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s11249-007-9286-x PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 250EQ UT WOS:000252283200002 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, S Schumacher, C AF Rasmussen, Steven Schumacher, Corey TI Cooperative control of unmanned aerial vehicles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rasmussen, Steven; Schumacher, Corey] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1002/rnc.1293 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 253MM UT WOS:000252522300001 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SJ Shima, T AF Rasmussen, Steven J. Shima, Tal TI Tree search algorithm for assigning cooperating UAVs to multiple tasks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE tree search; task assignment; multiple tasks; cooperating agents; uninhabited aerial vehicles AB This paper describes a tree search algorithm for assigning cooperating homogeneous uninhabited aerial vehicles to multiple tasks. The combinatorial optimization problem is posed in the form of a decision tree, the structure of which enforces the required group coordination and precedence for cooperatively performing the multiple tasks. For path planning, a Dubin's car model is used so that the vehicles' constraint, of minimum turning radius, is taken into account. Due to the prohibitive computational complexity of the problem, exhaustive enumeration of all the assignments encoded in the tree is not feasible. The proposed optimization algorithm is initialized by a best-first search and candidate optimal solutions serve as a monotonically decreasing upper bound for the assignment cost. Euclidean distances are used for estimating the path length encoded in branches of the tree that have not yet been evaluated by the computationally intensive Dubin's optimization subroutine. This provides a lower bound for the cost of unevaluated assignments. We apply these upper and lower bounding procedures iteratively on active subsets within the feasible set, enabling efficient pruning of the solution tree. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the performance of the search algorithm is analyzed for two different cost functions and different limits on the vehicles' minimum turn radius. It is shown that the selection of the cost function and the limit have a considerable effect on the level of cooperation between the vehicles. The proposed deterministic search method can be applied on line to different sized problems. For small-sized problems, it provides the optimal solution. For large-sized problems, it provides an immediate feasible solution that improves over the algorithm's run time. When the proposed method is applied off line, it can be used to obtain the optimal Solution, which can be used to evaluate the performance of other sub-optimal search methods. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shima, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Rasmussen, Steven J.] USAF, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM tal.shima@technion.ac.il NR 16 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 153 DI 10.1002/rnc.1257 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 253MM UT WOS:000252522300003 ER PT J AU Vaia, R Baur, J AF Vaia, Richard Baur, Jeffery TI Adaptive composites SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYMER C1 [Vaia, Richard; Baur, Jeffery] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, R (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; jeffery.baur@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5862 BP 420 EP 421 DI 10.1126/science.1152931 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 254HB UT WOS:000252576600026 PM 18218885 ER PT J AU Cox, JL Cherer, DT Perram, GP AF Cox, Joeseph L. Cherer, Dean T. Perram, Glen P. TI Electronic quenching of Bi-2 A(O-u(+)) v '=18-23 by rare gases and nitrogen SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bismuth dimer; electronic quenching; laser induced fluorescence; lifetimes; predissociation ID LASER-EXCITED FLUORESCENCE; X BAND SYSTEM; ENERGY-TRANSFER; COLLISIONAL DEACTIVATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; STATES; BI2; BR2; EXCITATION; CONSTANTS AB The rates for electronic quenching of the A(0(u)(+)) state of Bi-2 by rare gases and nitrogen near the onset of predissociation, v' = 18-23, have been measured using pulsed laser induced fluorescence. The rate coefficient for helium is 2.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(-11) cm(3)/molecule s for v' = 18-22, and increases to 1.0 +/- 0.1 x 10(-10) cm(3)/molecule s for v' = 23. The probability of quenching per collision for v' = 22 by rare gases ranges from 0.03 to 0.44 and for v' = 23 from 0.15 to 0.80. The quenching probabilities for nitrogen are slightly larger than those for argon. Despite the onset of rotationally dependent predissociation at v' = 21, no significant dependence of quenching rates on rotational state J' < 117 was observed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cox, Joeseph L.; Cherer, Dean T.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 22 PY 2008 VL 343 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.10.003 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 259CX UT WOS:000252917800003 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Stooke, A Boyadjian, G Voci, A Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Stooke, A. Boyadjian, G. Voci, A. Knize, R. J. TI Laser diode array pumped continuous wave rubidium vapor laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We have demonstrated continuous wave operation of a laser diode array pumped Rb laser with an output power of 8 Watts. A slope efficiency of 60% and a total optical efficiency of 45% were obtained with a pump power of 18 Watts. This laser can be scaled to higher powers by using multiple laser diode arrays or stacks of arrays. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Stooke, A.; Boyadjian, G.; Voci, A.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 748 EP 751 DI 10.1364/OE.16.000748 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252XB UT WOS:000252479700028 PM 18542151 ER PT J AU Duran, H Meng, S Kim, N Hu, J Kyu, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ AF Duran, Hatice Meng, Scott Kim, Namil Hu, Jun Kyu, Thein Natarajan, Lagudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Kinetics of photopolymerization-induced phase separation and morphology development in mixtures of a nematic liquid crystal and multifunctional acrylate SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE photopolymerization-induced phase separation; photoreaction kinetics; real-time morphology development ID MULTI(METH)ACRYLATE MONOMERS; POLYMER NETWORK; BEHAVIOR; EFFICIENCY; DIFFUSION; MODEL; PDLC AB Photopolymerization behavior and reaction kinetics for a series of multifunctional acrylate monomer(s) and eutectic liquid crystal blends were investigated with particular emphasis on determination of the reaction rate coefficients for propagation and termination steps of photopolymerization. Reaction rate coefficients were determined via real-time infrared spectroscopy and compared with those obtained by photo-differential scanning calorimetry. Effects of various parameters such as LC concentration, light intensity, and monomer functionality on the kinetics were investigated. Phase transition temperature versus composition phase diagrams were established by means of optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry for mixtures of triacrylate/liquid crystal (LC) before photopolymerization and after exposing to ultra violet (UV) irradiation under various reaction times. The snapshot phase diagram of the reacting mixtures exhibited isotropic gel, isotropic liquid + nematic. and narrow pure nematic coexistence re ions. These coexistence regions were further confirmed by morphological changes of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal films as functions of temperature and concentration using polarized optical microscopy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Duran, Hatice; Meng, Scott; Kim, Namil; Kyu, Thein] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Hu, Jun] Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Natarajan, Lagudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu RI Duran, Hatice/B-1423-2009 OI Duran, Hatice/0000-0001-6203-3906 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 534 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.039 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 264DW UT WOS:000253266900021 ER PT J AU Cetiner, SO Stoltz, P Messmer, P Cambier, JL AF Cetiner, S. O. Stoltz, P. Messmer, P. Cambier, J. -L. TI Dependence of electron peak current on hollow cathode dimensions and seed electron energy in a pseudospark discharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SWITCHES; BREAKDOWN; TRIGGER; DEVICES AB The prebreakdown and breakdown phases of a pseudospark discharge are investigated using the two-dimensional kinetic plasma simulation code OOPIC (TM) PRO. Trends in the peak electron current at the anode are presented as function of the hollow cathode dimensions and mean seed injection velocities at the cavity back wall. The plasma generation process by ionizing collisions is examined, showing the effect on supplying the electrons that determine the density of the beam. The mean seed velocities used here are varied between the velocity corresponding to the energy of peak ionization cross section, 15 times this value and no mean velocity (i.e., electrons injected with a temperature of 2.5 eV). The reliance of the discharge characteristics on the penetrating electric field is shown to decrease as the mean seed injection velocity increases because of its ability to generate a surplus plasma independent of the virtual anode. As a result, the peak current increases with the hollow cathode dimensions for the largest average injection velocity, while for the smallest value it increases with the area of penetration of the electric field in the hollow cathode interior. Additionally, for a given geometry an increase in the peak current with the surplus plasma generated is observed. For the largest seed injection velocity used a dependence of the magnitude of the peak current on the ratio of the hole thickness and hollow cathode depth to the hole height is demonstrated. This means similar trends of the peak current are generated when the geometry is resized. Although the present study uses argon only, the variation in the discharge dependencies with the seed injection energy relative to the ionization threshold is expected to apply independently of the gas type. Secondary electrons due to electron and ion impact are shown to be important only for the largest impact areas and discharge development times of the study. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Cetiner, S. O.; Stoltz, P.; Messmer, P.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cambier, J. -L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Cetiner, SO (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapaohe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM socetiner@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 023304 DI 10.1063/1.2832507 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100012 ER PT J AU Dente, GC Tilton, ML Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R AF Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Ongstad, A. P. Kaspi, R. TI Wavelength tuning predictions and experiments for type II antimonide lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES AB After a review of pseudopotential models for superlattices, we use the superlattice empirical pseudopotential method to predict the wavelength tuning of type II antimonide lasers. We then compare the predictions with a large set of experimental data on a series of optically pumped lasers operating from 2.2 to 9.2 mu m. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Dente, G. C.] GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Tilton, M. L.] Boeing LTS, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ongstad, A. P.; Kaspi, R.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Dente, GC (reprint author), GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM michael.tilton@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 023106 DI 10.1063/1.2836785 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100006 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS Waite, AR AF Voevodin, A. A. Jones, J. G. Zabinski, J. S. Waite, A. R. TI Plasma interactions in ion beam assisted pulsed laser deposition of Al-O-N films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; CARBON NITRIDE; BUFFER LAYERS; ABLATION; GAS AB Interactions between plasmas produced by a nitrogen ion beam source and the pulsed laser ablation of an Al(2)O(3) target were studied for the growth of Al-O-N films. Plasma fluxes from both sources were intersected on the substrate surface in a typical arrangement for ion beam assisted pulsed laser deposition (IBPLD). Plasma emission imaging and spectroscopic analyses were performed in real time, using laser pulses for analysis synchronization while varying the N(2) background pressure in the range from 0.08 to 4 Pa. This study was focused on the detection of temporal and spatial plasma distributions, excitation states, and chemical reactions during the IBPLD process which were not present when operating each of the plasma sources separately. Two significant plasma interaction effects were discovered. One was the production of atomic N and O in the near-substrate region, resulting in the formation of NO molecules which then reacted with Al to form Al-O-N. Another was the formation of short-lived plasma channels connecting ion beam and laser-ablated plasmas, which was observed in the 2-4 Pa pressure regime. These channels resulted in plasma bending and shifting from the substrate surface and affected film composition. These findings suggest that the interaction of ion beam and laser ablation plumes in IBPLD might considerably affect plasma chemistry, excitation states, and spatial distribution, thus providing opportunities for the control of deposited film properties. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Voevodin, A. A.; Jones, J. G.; Zabinski, J. S.; Waite, A. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 024902 DI 10.1063/1.2832504 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100101 ER PT J AU Roy, S Kinnius, PJ Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Kinnius, Paul J. Lucht, Robert P. Gord, James R. TI Temperature measurements in reacting flows by time-resolved femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) spectroscopy SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; DYNAMICS; MOLECULES AB Time-resolved femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs-CARS) spectroscopy of the nitrogen molecule is used for the measurement of temperature in atmospheric-pressure, near-adiabatic, hydrogen-air diffusion flames. The initial frequency-spread dephasing rate of the Raman coherence induced by the ultrafast (similar to 85 fs) Stokes and pump beams is used as a measure of gas-phase temperature. This initial frequency-spread dephasing rate of the Raman coherence is completely independent of collisions and depends only on the frequency spread of the Raman transitions at different temperatures. A simple theoretical model based on the assumption of impulsive excitation of Raman coherence is used to extract temperatures from time-resolved fs-CARS experimental signals. The extracted temperatures from fs-CARS signals are in excellent agreement with the theoretical temperatures calculated from an adiabatic equilibrium calculation. The estimated absolute accuracy and the precision of the measurement technique are found to be +/- 40 K and +/- 50 K, respectively, over the temperature range 1500-2500 K. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Syst Res Labs Inc, Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Kinnius, Paul J.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Propuls Directorate Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Syst Res Labs Inc, Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 281 IS 2 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.09.040 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 242TE UT WOS:000251748100020 ER PT J AU Soto, A DelRaso, NJ Schlager, JJ Chan, VT AF Soto, Armando DelRaso, Nicholas J. Schlager, John J. Chan, Victor T. TI D-Serine exposure resulted in gene expression changes indicative of activation of fibrogenic pathways and down-regulation of energy metabolism and oxidative stress response SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE D-serine treatment; renal injury; transcriptomic profiling; pathway analysis; biological interaction network ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; MESANGIAL CELL-PROLIFERATION; KIDNEY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACUTE TUBULAR-NECROSIS; AMINO-ACID OXIDASE; INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY; MESSENGER-RNA; ANGIOTENSIN-II; RENAL ISCHEMIA; IN-VITRO AB Renal toxicity can commonly occur after exposure to xenobiotics, pharmaceutical agents or environmental pollutants. Changes in the gene expression in kidney parenchymal cells that precede and/or accompany renal injury may be hallmark critical events in the onset of pathologic changes of renal functions. Over the last several years, transcriptomic analysis has evolved to enable simultaneous analysis of the expression profiles of tens of thousands of genes in response to various endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In this study, we investigated gene expression changes in the kidney after acute exposure to a nephrotoxin, D-serine, which targets the proximal tubule of the kidney. Male F-344 rats injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of D-serine (5, 20, 50, 200 or 500mg/kg), and gene expression profiles in the kidney were determined using the Affymetrix RAE230A gene arrays at 96 It post-dosing. D-Serine treatment resulted in the up- and down-regulation of 1158 and 749 genes, respectively, over the entire dose range based on the intersection of the results of t-test, p < 0.01 over two consecutive doses, and ANOVA with Bonferonni correction for multiple testing. Interestingly, both the up-and down-regulated genes show a unified dose response pattern as revealed in the self-organized map clustering analysis using the expression profiles of the 1907 differentially expressed genes as input data. There appears to be minimal changes in the expression level of these genes in the dose range of 5-50mg/kg, while the most prominent changes were observed at the highest doses tested, i.e. 200 and 500 mg/kg. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed perturbation of a large number of biological processes/pathways after D-serine exposure. Among the up-regulated pathways are actin cytoskeleton biogenesis and organization, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, chromatin assembly, excision repair of damaged DNA, DNA replication and packaging, protein biosynthesis, metabolism and transport, inflammatory response, proteasome-mediated degradation of oxidatively damaged cytosolic proteins, Ras protein signal transduction, TGF-beta signaling pathway and mRNA transcription, processing, splicing and transport. On the other hand, major metabolic pathways, which include carbohydrate metabolism, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis coupled electron transport, amino acid metabolism and transport, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and vitamin metabolism, and oxidative stress response including induction of antioxidant genes and glutathione metabolism are down-regulated. As tubular epithelia have strong energy demand for normal functions, down-regulation of energy metabolism after D-serine treatment may be related to the mechanism of its nephrotoxicity. In addition, hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, is produced as a byproduct of the metabolism of D-serine by D-amino acid oxidase in the peroxisomes of the tubular epithelia. Down-regulation of pathways for antioxidant genes induction and glutathione metabolism will likely exacerbate the cytotoxicity of this reactive oxygen species. The observation that the genes involved in apoptosis, DNA repair, proteasome pathway for the degradation of oxidatively damaged cytosolic proteins were up-regulated lends some supports to this premise. Up-regulation of pathways of cell proliferation cycle, DNA replication and gene expression process, including mRNA transcription, processing, splicing, transport, translation initiation, and protein transport along with protein complex assembl, suggests ongoing tissue repair and regeneration. Consistent with the fibrogenic function of the TGF-beta signaling pathway in various experimental renal diseases, genes encoding major extracellular matrix components such as collagens, laminins, fibronectin 1 and tenascins are also strongly up-regulated. Taken together, the results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanism Of D-serine nephrotoxicity, as well as the activation of specific cellular pathways in response to this toxic insult. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Soto, Armando; DelRaso, Nicholas J.; Schlager, John J.; Chan, Victor T.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Div Biosci & Protect,Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chan, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Div Biosci & Protect,Appl Biotechnol Branch, 2729 R St,Area B,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Armando.Soto@wpafb.af.mil; Nicholas.DelRaso@wpafb.af.mil; John.Schlager@wpafb.af.mil; Victor.Chan@wpafb.af.mil NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 243 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.009 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 260HQ UT WOS:000253001800019 PM 18061331 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD DiRocco, C Powers, P Guha, S AF Gillen, Glen D. DiRocco, Chris Powers, Peter Guha, Shekhar TI Temperature-dependent refractive index measurements of wafer-shaped InAs and InSb SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; COEFFICIENTS; DISPERSION; GERMANIUM; MINERALS AB An experimental method is introduced to measure the refractive index and its temperature dependence for wafer-shaped infrared materials over a continuous temperature range. Using a combination of Michelson interferometry, Fabry-Perot interferometry, and a temperature-controlled cryostat in a laser micrometer, refractive index values and their temperature coefficients can be measured for any specific temperature within a desired temperature range. Measurements are reported for InAs and InSb for a laser wavelength of 10.59 mu m. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Gillen, Glen D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [DiRocco, Chris; Powers, Peter] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillen, GD (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM ggillen@calpoly.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000164 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 257XR UT WOS:000252833100010 PM 18188197 ER PT J AU Lee, MC Pradipta, R Burke, WJ Labno, A Burton, LM Cohen, JA Dorfman, SE Coster, AJ Sulzer, MP Kuo, SP AF Lee, M. C. Pradipta, R. Burke, W. J. Labno, A. Burton, L. M. Cohen, J. A. Dorfman, S. E. Coster, A. J. Sulzer, M. P. Kuo, S. P. TI Did tsunami-launched gravity waves trigger ionospheric turbulence over Arecibo? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SPREAD-F; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOLAR MAXIMUM; SURFACE-WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; DISTURBANCES; GENERATION; IRREGULARITIES AB We report on measurements of ionospheric plasma dynamics conducted at the Arecibo Observatory between 20: 00 and 24: 00 local time (LT) on December 25 and 26, 2004 using the 430 MHz incoherent scatter radar (ISR). For interpretive purposes these measurements are supported by data from two nearby ionosondes and Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The ISR detected different ionospheric behaviors during the vertical-transmission periods on the consecutive, magnetically quiet nights. On the night of December 25 the ionosphere descended smoothly and spread F signatures faded. For about two hours on the following evening the bottomside ionosphere rose by similar to 50 km, inducing plasma irregularities and intense spread F. Alternating cycles of bottom-side plasma rising and falling persisted through the remainder of the experiments. We postulate that this sinusoidal behavior is a response to gravity waves propagating above Puerto Rico. Nearly simultaneous data from two nearby stations show that GPS signals were modified by variations in total electron content (TEC) indicating the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). The December 26 experiments were conducted about a day after an M(W) = 9.2 earthquake launched tsunami waves first across the Indian, then into the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. We suggest that coupling at the tsunami sea-air interface launched gravity waves that propagated for great distances beneath the mesopause. GPS data recorded TEC variation in Asia, Europe, and the Caribbean, suggesting that TIDs were induced on a global scale at the wake of tsunami-launched gravity waves. Energy from imperfectly ducted gravity waves leaked into the ionosphere, partially over Puerto Rico. The wind-velocity field of these gravity waves caused local ionospheric plasma to rise, seeding bottomside irregularities via the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability. C1 [Lee, M. C.; Pradipta, R.; Labno, A.; Burton, L. M.; Cohen, J. A.; Dorfman, S. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lee, M. C.; Pradipta, R.; Labno, A.; Burton, L. M.; Cohen, J. A.; Dorfman, S. E.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Coster, A. J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Sulzer, M. P.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Kuo, S. P.] Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11735 USA. [Burke, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Lee, MC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mclee@mit.edu OI Pradipta, Rezy/0000-0003-2956-1349 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A1 AR A01302 DI 10.1029/2007JA012615 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251IF UT WOS:000252365900001 ER PT J AU Leever, BJ Durstock, MF Irwin, MD Hains, AW Marks, TJ Pingree, LSC Hersam, MC AF Leever, B. J. Durstock, M. F. Irwin, M. D. Hains, A. W. Marks, T. J. Pingree, L. S. C. Hersam, M. C. TI Spatially resolved photocurrent mapping of operating organic photovoltaic devices using atomic force photovoltaic microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; BLENDS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; DEGRADATION; GENERATION; TRANSPORT AB A conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) technique, atomic force photovoltaic microscopy (AFPM), has been developed to characterize spatially localized inhomogeneities in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In AFPM, a biased cAFM probe is raster scanned over an array of illuminated solar cells, simultaneously generating topographic and photocurrent maps. As proof of principle, AFPM is used to characterize 7.5x7.5 mu m(2) poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester OPVs, revealing substantial device to device and temporal variations in the short-circuit current. The flexibility of AFPM suggests applicability to nanoscale characterization of a wide range of optoelectronically active materials and devices. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Leever, B. J.; Durstock, M. F.] Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Irwin, M. D.; Hains, A. W.; Marks, T. J.; Pingree, L. S. C.; Hersam, M. C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Leever, BJ (reprint author), Mat & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM t-marks@northwestern.edu; m-hersam@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/A-9639-2008; Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Irwin, Michael/C-2613-2011 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013302 DI 10.1063/1.2830695 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200161 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Lindsay, CM AF Fajardo, Mario E. Lindsay, C. Michael TI Crystal field splitting of rovibrational transitions of water monomers isolated in solid parahydrogen SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; FILMS; DEPOSITION; SURFACES; CLUSTERS; SPECTRUM; HYDROGEN AB We report polarized infrared absorption spectra of water isotopologues isolated in solid parahydrogen (pH(2)) which reveal the crystal field induced splittings of the 1(01) <- 0(00) R(0) lines in the nu(1) HDO, nu(3) D(2)O, nu(3) HDO, and nu(3) H(2)O fundamental bands. For annealed pH(2) solids, these spectra also reveal a strong alignment of the hexagonal-close-packed crystallites' c axes with the deposition substrate surface normal. This alignment effect explains our failure to detect the parallel-polarized components of these R(0) lines in spectra of pH(2) solids produced on a transparent deposition substrate [M. E. Fajardo , J. Mol. Struct. 695, 111 (2004)]. This lesson applies more generally to comparison of solid pH(2) spectra obtained in different laboratories. The spectra are consistent with water monomers existing in solid pH(2) as very slightly hindered rotors. The individual components of the R(0) absorption lines show a Lorentzian lineshape, with vibrational depopulation the most important source of line broadening. C1 [Fajardo, Mario E.; Lindsay, C. Michael] USAF, Munit Directorate, AFRL, RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, AFRL, RWME, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM mario.fajardo@eglin.af.mil NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 AR 014505 DI 10.1063/1.2816705 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 248YR UT WOS:000252193700025 PM 18190202 ER PT S AU Turowski, M Dooley, S Wilkerson, P Raman, A Casto, M AF Turowski, Marek Dooley, Steven Wilkerson, Patrick Raman, Ashok Casto, Matthew GP IEEE TI Full-chip to device level 3D thermal analysis of RF integrated circuits SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE multi-scale; thermal; three-dimensional; modeling; simulation; IC; layout; temperature; map; gradients; hot spots; dissipated power; heat; SiGeHBT; design AB A multi-scale modeling approach is proposed and employed to investigate thermal issues and to enable "thermally aware" design of radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). Thermal analysis from full-chip scale down to the single transistor level was made possible with the development of this approach using the finite volume three-dimensional (3D) numerical technique. We have developed new tools that import GDSII layout of entire IC and, for the purpose of generating full-chip 3D thermal model, automatically eliminate the minuscule layout elements that do not affect thermal results. We present here our approach and examples of using equivalent thermal conductivity blocks in place of "forest of vias" typical in modem ICs. Our method and tools are demonstrated on a couple of RF ICs based on a high performance SiGe BiCMOS technology. The tool provides a 3D temperature map that can show thermal gradients across a chip, as well as local temperature distribution (hot spots) down to single transistor level. This allows introducing temperature back into design process. The multi-scale modeling is verified with infrared temperature measurements. C1 [Turowski, Marek; Wilkerson, Patrick; Raman, Ashok] CFDRC, 215 Wynn Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Dooley, Steven; Casto, Matthew] US Air Force, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turowski, M (reprint author), CFDRC, 215 Wynn Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM mt@cfdrc.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 315 EP + DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544286 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500042 ER PT S AU Chuang, HC Huffman, LM Comer, ML Simmons, JP Pollak, I AF Chuang, Hsiao-Chiang Huffman, Landis M. Comer, Mary L. Simmons, Jeff P. Pollak, Ilya GP IEEE TI AN AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION FOR NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Image segmentation; stochastic image processing AB We investigate the automated segmentation of microstructures of a nickel-based superalloy using digital microscopy data. We study the combination of a region merging segmentation method called the Stabilized Inverse Diffusion Equation (SIDE), and a stochastic segmentation method, the Expectation-Maximization/Maximization of the Posterior Marginals (EM/MPM) algorithm. We use the SIDE algorithm to segment the grain boundaries and we use the EM/MPM algorithm to classify two phases of the material within each grain. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Chuang, Hsiao-Chiang; Huffman, Landis M.; Comer, Mary L.; Pollak, Ilya] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Simmons, Jeff P.] Wright Patterson AFB, MLLMD, AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chuang, HC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [USAF-5212-STI-SC-0026]; General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc. FX The authors would like to acknowledge Michael Uchic of AFRL for the IN100 data. This work was partially supported by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Mate- rials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB (Dr. Dallis Hardwick, program manager) under subcontract USAF-5212-STI-SC-0026 from General Dynamics Informa- tion Technology, Inc. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 2280 EP 2283 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712246 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921401087 ER PT S AU Wang, J Kwon, J Yoon, J Wang, H Haugan, TJ Baca, FJ Pierce, NA Barnes, PN AF Wang, J. Kwon, J. Yoon, J. Wang, H. Haugan, T. J. Baca, F. J. Pierce, N. A. Barnes, P. N. GP IEEE TI NA008 Deposition temperature dependence of YBCO transport properties SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB In this paper, we report a strong correlation between the stacking fault (SF) density and the critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin films in applied field (J(c)(in-field)). We found that the J(c)(in-field) increases as the deposition temperature increases (775 degrees C - 825 angstrom C) for the samples grown on both SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 substrates. An interesting linear relation is observed between the SF density and the J(c)(in-field) value, which suggests that the YBCO SF density plays an important role in the YBCO in-field transport performance. C1 [Wang, J.; Kwon, J.; Yoon, J.; Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Baca, F. J.; Pierce, N. A.; Barnes, P. N.] Propuls Directorate Power Div, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wangh@ece.tamu.edu RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-0701-0108] FX This research is funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Contract No.: FA9550-0701-0108). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 350 EP + DI 10.1109/KAM.2008.101 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000125 ER PT B AU Liu, CH He, HY Scheicher, RH Pandey, R Hussain, S AF Liu, Chunhui He, Haiying Scheicher, Ralph H. Pandey, Ravindra Hussain, Saber GP IEEE TI Interaction of Nanomaterials with Biological Molecules: Manganese and Dopamine SO 2008 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference CY MAR 24-27, 2008 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD AB We present here the results of first principles study on the interaction of a Mn-13 cluster with a dopamine molecule, an important biomolecule functioning as a neurotransmitter or a neurohormone in the living body. It is found that the dopamine strongly binds to the Mn cluster through co-ordinated covalent bond. This finding confirms the observation of dopamine depletion in the presence of Mn nanoparticles. C1 [Liu, Chunhui; He, Haiying; Scheicher, Ralph H.; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Liu, Chunhui] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. RP Liu, CH (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.; Liu, CH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1572-4 PY 2008 BP 1080 EP + DI 10.1109/INEC.2008.4585670 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BII81 UT WOS:000259893500247 ER PT B AU Peale, RE Saxena, H Buchwald, WR AF Peale, Robert E. Saxena, Himanshu Buchwald, Walter R. GP IEEE TI Tunable InGaAs/InAlAs/InP Far-IR Detector Based On Plasmon Resonance SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB An InGaAs/InP based HEMT with grating gate is investigated as a THz detector. Resonant THz absorption by two-dimensional plasmons is tunable with a gate bias. C1 [Peale, Robert E.; Saxena, Himanshu] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Saxena, Himanshu; Buchwald, Walter R.] Air Force Res Lab, AFB, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 284 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700151 ER PT B AU Stoik, CD Bohn, MJ Blackshire, JL AF Stoik, Christopher D. Bohn, Matthew J. Blackshire, James L. GP IEEE TI Nondestructive Evaluation of Aircraft Composites Using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB Terahertz; time domain spectroscopy was used for nondestructive evaluation of aircraft glass fiber composites stressed with bending and heating damage. Refractive index and absorption coefficients were measured for both damaged and undamaged composites. The two dimensional extent of the heat damage could be shown with either a simple phase or amplitude terahertz imaging technique. C1 [Stoik, Christopher D.; Bohn, Matthew J.; Blackshire, James L.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blackshire, James L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stoik, CD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 828 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700434 ER PT S AU Caulfield, JT McCarley, PL Elliott, J Massie, MA AF Caulfield, J. T. McCarley, P. L. Elliott, J. Massie, M. A. GP IEEE TI Bandwidth Efficient Sensor Architectures with Feature Extraction SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID OPTICAL-FLOW; ARRAYS AB We report on processing techniques to effectively control the data bandwidth in larger format Focal Plane Array (FPA) sensors. We have developed an image processing architecture for foveating variable acuity FPAs that give a controlled reduction in the data rate via simple circuits that estimate activity on the FPA image plane. Integrated on-FPA signal processing goals are to perform pre-processing that is usually performed downstream in a dedicated processing module. Techniques for image pre-processing described in this paper allow transmitting "active" pixel data while skipping unchanging pixels. These techniques for image pre-processing adjacent to the FPA allows significant reductions in the data rate, size, weight and power for small and low cost systems that cannot work with a large image processors. C1 [Caulfield, J. T.] Cyan Syst, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [McCarley, P. L.] AF Res Lab, Muniti Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Elliott, J.; Massie, M. A.] Nova Sensors, Solvang, CA 93463 USA. RP Caulfield, JT (reprint author), Cyan Syst, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 25 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200005 ER PT S AU Upperman, GJ Upperman, TLO Fouts, DJ Pace, PE AF Upperman, Gary J. Upperman, Teresa L. O. Fouts, Douglas J. Pace, Phillip E. BE Matthews, MB TI Efficient Time-Frequency and Bi-Frequency Signal Processing On A Reconfigurable Computer SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Choi-Williams distribution; Cyclostationary analysis; low probability of intercept (LPI) radar; Radar detection and classification; reconfigurable computer; electronic intelligence AB Reconfigurable computers allow applications developers to tailor both the software and the hardware of the computer for efficient execution of computationally intensive algorithms. This increases the speed at which the algorithms are executed, making computationally intensive algorithms more useful for real-time and near real-time applications in electronic intelligence (ELINT) applications. This paper presents a study on the use, accuracy, and efficiency of the SRC-6 reconfigurable computer to perform both time-frequency and bi-frequency signal processing. To test the performance, continuous waveform (CW) radar signal modulations are examined using the Choi-Williams distribution (CWD) to calculate the time-frequency characteristics of a signal. Also, the FFT accumulation method (FAM) is used to calculate the cyclostationary bi-frequency characteristics of a signal. C1 [Upperman, Gary J.; Upperman, Teresa L. O.] Edwards AFB, Dept Def, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Fouts, Douglas J.; Pace, Phillip E.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93955 USA. RP Upperman, GJ (reprint author), Edwards AFB, Dept Def, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM Gary.Upperman@edwards.af.mil; Teresa.Upperman@edwards.af.mil; fouts@nps.edu; pepace@nps.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense; National Security Agency; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense, the National Security Agency and the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 176 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074386 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000033 ER PT S AU Altin, G Martin, RK AF Altin, Goekhan Martin, Richard K. BE Matthews, MB TI Adaptive MIMO Channel Shortening with Post-FEQ Diversity Combining SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID BLIND; EQUALIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Cyclic prefixed communication systems are generally called Discrete MultiTone (DMT) for wireline systems, and Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for wireless systems. A cyclic prefix should be as long as the channel impulse response (channel delay spread) to combat inter symbol interference (ISI). If this requirement is not met, a channel shortening equalizer is used to shorten the channel. In time varying channels, it is more sensible to use an adaptive channel shortener. In literature, adaptive channel shorteners and frequency domain equalizers (FEQ) have been well studied. But on the other hand, in wireless communication systems the performance metric is the bit error rate (BER) and minimizing the BER is the primary concern of the designing a system. In this paper we reviewed the adaptive channel shortener which uses recursive least squares algorithm (RLS-MERRY), and proposed an adaptive FEQ with different post combining techniques in order to get a lower BER than existing adaptive TEQ-FEQ architectures. C1 [Altin, Goekhan; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Altin, G (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Gokhan.Altin.Tr@afit.edu; Richard.Martin@afit.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 2183 EP 2187 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074822 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551001197 ER PT S AU Masturzo, S Jackson, H Boyd, J Ewing, R Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H Yarrison-Rice, J AF Masturzo, Scott Jackson, Howard Boyd, Joseph Ewing, Robert Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda Yarrison-Rice, Jan GP IEEE TI Optical Hybrid Processing Utilizing Photonic Crystals Incorporating Biological Materials SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN ID SOLID-IMMERSION MIRROR AB Tunable photonic crystal (PC) waveguides have been designed using plane-wave expansion calculations for application to photonic integrated circuits. Wavelength selective propagation has been observed in sificon-on-insulator (SOI) PC waveguides fabricated by electron-beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching. Incorporation of DNA into an SOI PC lattice has been demonstrated, and novel tunable PC devices using biophotonic materials have been considered. C1 [Masturzo, Scott; Jackson, Howard; Boyd, Joseph] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Ewing, Robert; Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Yarrison-Rice, Jan] Miami Univ, Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Masturzo, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mastursa@ececs.uc.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [0216374]; State of Ohio; University of Cincinnati. FX This work was supported in part by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute, in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0216374, in part by the State of Ohio, and in part by the University of Cincinnati. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 594 EP 596 DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616869 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500149 ER PT S AU Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Hollenbeck, MC Stevens, KS AF Ewing, Robert L. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Hollenbeck, Michael C. Stevens, Kenneth S. GP IEEE TI Fractional-Order Signal Processing using a Polymer-Electrolyte Transistor SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN DE Fractional-Order; Signal Processing; Polymer-electrolyte transistor; acid/base chemistry; diffusion; electrokinetic flow AB Fractional-order systems have applications in the areas of Flight Control, Robotics, Missile Guidance, Control of Structural Vibrations of Space Platforms and Sensor Technology. Fractional-order transfer functions can characterize complex nonlinear dynamics with many fewer parameters than integer-order functions. This paper addresses the use of a polymer-electrolyte transistor (PET) for use In implementating fractional-order algorithms for signal processing. The PET's advantage over the conventional RC and RL circuits is that it can be both functionally scaled and varied for dynamic fractional-order parameter controllability. C1 [Ewing, Robert L.; Hollenbeck, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Microlect Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Hollenbeck, Michael C.; Stevens, Kenneth S.] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 601 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616871 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500151 ER PT S AU Teller, J Ozguner, F Ewing, R AF Teller, Justin Oezguener, Fuesun Ewing, Robert GP IEEE TI Optimization at Runtime on a Nanoprocessor Architecture SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN AB Our research addresses the need to efficiently execute and control the increasingly demanding and diverse nature of applications running on embedded systems. We propose optimizing an application at runtime, sharing execution resources between the runtime optimizations and the application. We use the TRIPS processor (developed by the University of Texas at Austin) to demonstrate runtime optimization using speculative slice execution on a Nanoprocessor Architecture (NA). Preliminary results are promising. Despite the current implementations limitations, we show speedups of 7%/25% (whole application/single task), with larger speedups are possible for future implementations. C1 [Teller, Justin; Oezguener, Fuesun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert] Wright Satterson Air Force Base, US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Teller, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tellerj@ece.osu.edu; ozguner@ece.osu.edu; Robert.Ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 882 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616941 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500221 ER PT B AU Matungka, R Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Matungka, Rittavee Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI a 2D Invariant Object Recognition Using Log-Polar Transform SO 2008 7TH WORLD CONGRESS ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-23 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Chongqing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chongqing Univ, Chongqing Inst Technol, Chongqing Univ Sci & Technol, Xihua Univ, SW Univ Sci & Technol, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Beijing Chapter, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Natl Nat Sci Fdn, Chongqing Municipal Sci & Technol Comm, Chongqing Municipal Assoc Sci & Technol, KC Wong Educ Fdn DE Log-Polar; 2D invariant; object recognition; Gabor feature ID IMAGE REGISTRATION; SCALE; TRANSLATION; ROTATION; TRACKING AB Object recognition is an essential task in many image processing applications. Although object appears as three-dimensional in real world, they are usually perceived as two-dimensional in digital image or video. In most cases, major problems in recognizing objects lie on the two-dimensional geometry changes in object appearances. This paper presents an innovative template matching based object recognition method that is invariant to rotation and scale changes as well as resistant to noise. The approach is achieved by combining feature based search strategy and object matching in Log-Polar domain. Translation of the object is recovered with the new Gabor feature extraction method applied in the Cartesian coordinate. The multi-resolution Log-Polar search method is invented to reduce the number of feature point for Log-Polar matching in the target image. The new similarity measure for classification and verification is also proposed. The innovative combination of these techniques yields robustness in object recognition for fast computation without any resealing in the target image. Comparisons of the repeatability factor of the new Gabor feature extraction with other well-known techniques such as SIFT and Harris-Laplacian is presented to evaluate the two-dimensinal invariant and noise resistant properties of the proposed feature extraction. Experiments with still images and noisy images are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in practice. C1 [Matungka, Rittavee; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] IFTA, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matungka, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM matungkr@ece.osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2113-8 PY 2008 BP 223 EP + DI 10.1109/WCICA.2008.4592928 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BIJ02 UT WOS:000259965700043 ER PT B AU Carls, JW Raines, R Grimaila, M Rogers, S AF Carls, John W. Raines, Richard Grimaila, Michael Rogers, Steven GP IEEE TI Biometric Enhancements: Template Aging Error Score Analysis SO 2008 8TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC FACE & GESTURE RECOGNITION (FG 2008), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY SEP 17-19, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE ID AUTOMATIC AGE ESTIMATION; FACE RECOGNITION; VERIFICATION; SYSTEM AB Identity capabilities are being modernized through biometric technology and systems. With maturing biometrics in full, rapid development, a higher accuracy of identity verification is required. Improvements to the security of biometric verification systems is provided through higher accuracy; ultimately reducing fraud, theft, and loss of resources from unauthorized personnel. With trivial biometric systems, a higher acceptance threshold to obtain higher accuracy rates increased false rejection rates and user unacceptability. However, maintaining the higher accuracy rate enhances the security of the system. Through the methods presented in this paper, higher accuracy rates are obtained without lowering the acceptance threshold, therefore improving the security level, false rejection rates, and user acceptability. An area of biometrics with a paucity of research is template aging, specifically in regards to facial aging. This paper presents methods of modeling and predicting facial template aging based on matching score analysis. A novel foundational framework for facial template aging is presented and provides a methodological framework. The groundwork discusses new techniques used in the template aging framework, to include the "error score matrix" and "decay error estimate" concepts. The matching scores are calculated using commercially available facial matching algorithms/SDKs against publicly available facial databases. Improved performance error rates while maintaining or improving upon the overall matching and/or rejection levels is accomplished with the new framework. Using such scores, prediction of a timeframe if or when an individual needs to be re-enrolled with a new template is feasible. C1 [Carls, John W.; Raines, Richard; Grimaila, Michael] AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rogers, Steven] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Carls, JW (reprint author), AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU UNC-Wilmington; Cognitec Systems FX The author would like to express gratitude to the coauthors for continued support, Samuel Dewolfe and the Biometric Fusion Center for utilization of resources, Dr. Kevin Bowyer and Dr. Patrick Flynn of Notre Dame for support of the Collection B database, Dr. Karl Ricanek, Jr. Of UNC-Wilmington for support of the MORPH database, and Cognitec Systems for an evaluation copy of the FaceVACS SDK. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2153-4 PY 2008 BP 985 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BJZ11 UT WOS:000267485100161 ER PT B AU Rodgers, J Maimon, J Storey, T Lee, D Graziano, M Rockett, L Hunt, K AF Rodgers, John Maimon, Jonathan Storey, Thomas Lee, David Graziano, Michael Rockett, Leonard Hunt, Kenneth GP IEEE TI A 4-Mb Non-Volatile Chalcogenide Random Access Memory Designed for Space Applications: Project Status Update SO 2008 9TH ANNUAL NON-VOLATILE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE chalcogenide; phase change; radiation hardened; nonvolatile; memory AB BAE Systems, under contract to the US Air Force Research Labs, has been developing a 4Mb Non-Volatile Chalcogenide Random Access Memory (C-RAM (TM)) optimized for the radiation environments encountered in spacecraft applications. C-RANI is a phase change memory with a unique combination of features that collectively provide a high-density, low-power, non-volatile memory solution that is radiation hardened and meets rigorous reliability requirements. The device is now undergoing QML qualification in preparation for being flight production ready in early 2009. Flight qualified CRAM will serve the critical need for rad hard non-volatile RAM in strategic space and military applications. Initial space radiation effects testing (heavy ion induced upset rates) demonstrate the robust nature of the device. No memory cell upsets were recorded and the majority of the observed upsets were soft errors (SE) induced in the sense amp circuits which are easily correctable with common error correcting code (ECC) algorithms. During the product development phase potential failure mechanisms associated with phase change memories such as proximity disturbs and drill-in effects were evaluated to determine whether they were legitimate concerns for C-RAM. These tests and other tests involving second order radiation effects, such as the effect of heavy ion radiation exposure on data retention lifetime were conducted. The results of these investigations further demonstrate the full capacity of the product technology. This paper will describe the C-RAM design and operation, and the results of the test and characterization of C-RAM devices. C1 [Rodgers, John; Storey, Thomas; Lee, David; Graziano, Michael; Rockett, Leonard] BAE Syst, 9300 Wellington Rd, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Maimon, Jonathan] Ovonyx Corp, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Hunt, Kenneth] US Air Force, AFRL VSSE, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), BAE Syst, 9300 Wellington Rd, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM john.rodgers@baesystems.com RI Rockett, Leonard/M-8880-2015 OI Rockett, Leonard/0000-0001-6376-6845 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3659-0 PY 2008 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1109/NVMT.2008.4731183 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJI58 UT WOS:000266157200001 ER PT S AU Nimityongskul, S Lacy, S Babuska, V AF Nimityongskul, Sonny Lacy, Seth Babuska, Vit GP IEEE TI Model synthesis weighting effects on model tuning in system identification SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN AB System identification is the process of deriving dynamic equations from observed system behavior, the inverse of the common problem of deriving solutions to a given set of dynamics. The system identification process generally consists of two steps, a model synthesis step followed by a model tuning step. For complex systems, standard system identification tools often fall to provide satisfactory results without extensive manipulation by an experienced engineer. Input, output, and frequency weightings are often used to adjust the properties of the identified model in model tuning. In this effort, we examine the impact of model synthesis weightings on model tuning results. Model synthesis weightings are shown to improve the initial models used for model tuning. However, it is shown that an improved initial model for model tuning does not necessarily lead to faster model tuning or more accurate identified models. C1 [Nimityongskul, Sonny] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lacy, Seth] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nimityongskul, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM apnimityongs@wisc.edu; seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil; vbabusk@sandia.gov FU Air Force Office [LRI00VS17COR.] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRI00VS17COR. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 638 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586564 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261500109 ER PT S AU Gu, GX Pachter, M Chandler, PR Schmacher, CJ AF Gu, Guoxiang Pachter, Meir Chandler, Phil R. Schmacher, Corey J. GP IEEE TI Target motion analysis based on RF power and Doppler measurements SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID BEARINGS-ONLY TRACKING AB This paper investigates target motion analysis (TMA) based on noisy measurements of power and Doppler from a radio frequency (RF) emitter. The research is motivated by the fact that Doppler measurements for RF signals are much easier to obtain and power measurements are always available. More importantly power and Doppler measurements complement each other in terms of the Fisher information content However both these measurements are highly nonlinear functions of the TMA parameters, specified uniquely by its initial position and velocity. In addition direct use of these measurements in TMA introduces the nuisance parameters leading to poor numerical conditioning because of the very high source frequency, and very small power proportional constant for RF signals. Hence ratios of the neighboring measurements are used to eliminate the nuisance parameters and provide normalization of the measurement equations. An iterative leastsquares (LS) algorithm is developed, and is shown to be effective through a numerical example. C1 [Gu, Guoxiang] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pachter, Meir] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH USA. [Chandler, Phil R.; Schmacher, Corey J.] AFRL, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Gu, GX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU The US Air Force FX The research is supported in part by The US Air Force. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 1869 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261501089 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Hussein, II Erwin, RS AF Wang, Y. Hussein, I. I. Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Awareness-based decision making for search and tracking SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID AVOIDANCE; VISION; ROBOT AB This paper focuses on the management of mobile sensor agents for the search and tracking of multiple objects of interest. In the case where such objects are in greater numbers than available agents, search and tracking am two competing demands since a sensor agent can perform either the tracking mission or the search mission, but not both at the same time. A sensor agent has to decide on whether to continue searching or stop and track once it finds an object of interest. Based on a novel dynamic awareness model and assuming static objects, a decision-making and control strategy is developed to guarantee the full coverage of a domain of interest, and, equivalently, the detection of all objects of interest in the domain with probability one. The strategy also guarantees the tracking of each object's "state" for a minimum guaranteed amount of time T-c. Centralized and decentralized implementations are described. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the strategies. C1 [Wang, Y.; Hussein, I. I.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] Space Vehicles Directorate ARFL RV, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM yuewang@wpi.edu; ihussein@wpi.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 3169 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586980 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261502090 ER PT S AU Fiorentini, L Serrani, A Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Fiorentini, Lisa Serrani, Andrea Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. GP IEEE TI Robust nonlinear sequential loop closure control design for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle model SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the design of a nonlinear robust/adaptive controller for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle model. Due to its complexity, a high fidelity model of the vehicle dynamics derived from first principles is used only in simulations, while a simplified model is adopted for control design. This control-oriented model retains most of the features of the high fidelity model, including non-minimum phase characteristic of the flight-path angle dynamics and strong couplings between the engine and flight dynamics, whereas flexibility effects are regarded as a dynamic perturbation. A nonlinear sequential loop-closure approach is adopted to design a dynamic state-feedback controller that provides stable tracking of velocity and altitude reference trajectories and allows to impose a desired trim value for the angle of attack. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology achieves excellent performances in spite of parameter uncertainties. C1 [Fiorentini, Lisa; Serrani, Andrea] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bolender, Michael A.; Doman, David B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorentini, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fiorentl@ece.osu.edu RI Fiorentini, Lisa/G-1219-2014 FU AFRL/AFOSR Collaborative Center of Control Science at the Ohio State University [F33615-01-2-3154] FX Work supported by the AFRL/AFOSR Collaborative Center of Control Science at the Ohio State University (Contract No. F33615-01-2-3154. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 3458 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587028 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261502138 ER PT S AU Djouadi, SM Camphouse, RC Myatt, JH AF Djouadi, Seddik M. Camphouse, R. C. Myatt, J. H. GP IEEE TI Reduced order models for boundary feedback flow control SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID REDUCTION AB This paper deals with the practical and theoretical implications of model reduction for aerodynamic flow based control problems. Various aspects of model reduction are discussed that apply to Partial Differential Equation (PDE) based models in general. Specifically, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of a high dimension system as well as frequency domain identification methods are discussed for initial model construction. Projections on the POD basis give a Galerkin model. Then, a model reduction method based on empirical balanced truncation is developed and applied to the Galerkin model. The proposed empirical balanced truncation uses the Galerkin model with a chirp signal as input to produce the output in the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA). This method estimates the system's Markov parameters that accurately reproduce the output. Then, balanced truncation is used to show that model reduction is still effective on ERA produced approximated systems. The linear empirical balanced truncation algorithm is applied to the Galerkin model which is nonlinear. The rationale for doing so is that linear subspace approximations to exact submanifolds associated with nonlinear controllability and observabilty require only standard matrix manipulations utilizing simulation/experimental data. The proposed method is applied to a prototype convective flow on obstacle geometry. A H-infinity feedback flow controller is designed based on the reduced model to achieve tracking, and then applied to the full order model with excellent performance. C1 [Djouadi, Seddik M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1508 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Camphouse, R. C.; Myatt, J. H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Djouadi, SM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1508 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM djouadi@ece.utk.edu; russell.camphouse@wpafb.af.mil; james.myatt@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 4005 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587119 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503008 ER PT S AU Orzechowski, PK Gibson, S Tsao, TC Herrick, D Beazel, V Mahajan, M Wen, B Winker, B AF Orzechowski, Pawel K. Gibson, Steve Tsao, Tsu-Chin Herrick, Dan Beazel, Victor Mahajan, Milind Wen, Bing Winker, Bruce GP IEEE TI Nonlinear adaptive control of optical jitter with a new liquid crystal beam steering device SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE control of lasers; optical jitter; adaptive control; liquid crystal beam steering device ID LASER AB This paper presents a new approach to active control of optical jitter with a new transmissive liquid crystal beam steering device, or tilt corrector. The device is driven by a linear time-invariant feedback control loop and an adaptive control loop to maximize the jitter-rejection bandwidth. In contrast to conventional fast steering mirrors, the liquid crystal device optically redirects the laser beam. The new device has no moving parts and requires low operating power. The paper presents experimental results that demonstrate the capabilities of the liquid crystal device and the adaptive controller to suppress high-bandwidth jitter. For the control system, the liquid crystal device presents nonlinearities due to a rate limit and quantization. The experimental results show the importance of modeling the nonlinearities in the adaptive controller. C1 [Orzechowski, Pawel K.; Gibson, Steve; Tsao, Tsu-Chin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Herrick, Dan; Beazel, Victor] US Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DES, Opt Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Mahajan, Milind; Wen, Bing; Winker, Bruce] Teledyne Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Orzechowski, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620 02 01 0319]; U.S Naval Office of Research [N00014 07-1-1063] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant F49620 02 01 0319 and the U.S Naval Office of Research under Grant N00014 07-1-1063. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 4185 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587150 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503039 ER PT S AU Pharn, KD Lacy, S Robertson, L AF Pharn, Khanh D. Lacy, Seth Robertson, Lawrence GP IEEE TI Multi-cumulant and pareto strategies for stochastic multi-player pursuit-evasion SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB The paper presents an extension of cumulant-theory over a finite horizon for a class of multiplayer pursuit-evasion wherein the evolution of the states of the game in response to adversarial strategies selected by pursuit and evasion teams from the efficient Pareto sets of admissible strategies is desciibed by a stochastic linear differential equation and an integral-quadratic performance-measure. Both cooperation within each team and competition between the team presumably exist. A direct dynamic programming approach for the Mayer optimization problem is used to solve for a multi-cumulant and Pareto-based solution when the members in each team optimally implement collective strategies and effectively shape the distribution of their Chi-squared random measures of performance associated with this special class of stochastic multi-player pursuit-evasion games. C1 [Pharn, Khanh D.; Lacy, Seth; Robertson, Lawrence] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pharn, KD (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 5009 EP 5015 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503177 ER PT B AU Drozd, A Kasperovich, I Norgard, J Musselman, R AF Drozd, Andrew Kasperovich, Irina Norgard, John Musselman, Randy GP IEEE TI Feature Selected Validation and Verification (FSVV) of CEM code predictions using IR thermal images of EM fields SO 2008 ASIA-PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND 19TH INTERNATIONAL ZURICH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility/19th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE AB An infrared (IR) thermal measurement technique is presented to independently validate and verify (V&V) numerical codes used for computational electromagnetic (CEM) field predictions using Feature Selected Validation (FSV) routines. The thermal technique is applied in this paper to V&V new aircraft scattering codes. IR thermal images (temperature distributions) of the electromagnetic (EM) field scattered from a simple, canonical aircraft are measured for selected microwave frequencies, angles-of-incidence, and polarizations. Using a color-temperature table calibrated at NIST/Boulder, the temperature distributions are converted into equivalent field-intensity distributions of the scattered EM field being measured. These IR thermal images (thermograms) are compared to the predicted images (contour plots or relief maps) of the scattered fields calculated with a selected CEM simulation code over the same measurement plane to V&V that the field patterns and the intensity levels are correct. In addition, the measured field can be visualized with the IR thermogram images. A "picture-to-picture" correlation code is used to compare the predicted and measured results and to assess and score their similarities. This is the first step in a progressive approach using a suite of CEM codes to compare predicted results of more sophisticated aircraft geometries with the measured results from the IR thermograms to develop confidence in the complementary measurement and simulation methods. C1 [Drozd, Andrew; Kasperovich, Irina] ANDRO Computat Solut, Beeches Tech Campus, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Norgard, John; Musselman, Randy] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Drozd, A (reprint author), ANDRO Computat Solut, Beeches Tech Campus, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-08-0628-6 PY 2008 BP 359 EP + DI 10.1109/APEMC.2008.4559886 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BID20 UT WOS:000258515300091 ER PT B AU Norgard, J Musselman, R Drozd, A AF Norgard, John Musselman, Randall Drozd, Andrew GP IEEE TI Three-dimensional microwave tomography: Waveform diversity and distributed sensors for detecting and imaging buried objects with suppressed electromagnetic interference SO 2008 ASIA-PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND 19TH INTERNATIONAL ZURICH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility/19th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE AB Microwave Tomographic Techniques are described in this paper for developing high-resolution images of buried targets using 3D RF CAT Scans with frequency, angular, and polarization diversity and distributed sensors. Surface-contact sensors are used to collect the tomographic data for relay to a circling UAV and transmission to a remote control site (using layered sensing). 3D imaging algorithms have been developed to detect, image, and characterize buried targets. Distributed transmitters and receivers significantly increase unwanted mutual coupling and EM emissions (EMI) that interfere with signal reception, but also increase image resolution. For Ground Penetration (GPEN), reduced mutual coupling and EMI, and improved signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), can be achieved by embedding the transmitter/receiver sensors underground. Simple surface SAR experiments have been performed to detect deep mine shafts at the Zinc Corporation of America. 2D sensor data have been used to validate the 3D processing algorithms. Scale-model lab tests in the DETECT Chamber at AFRL have also been performed to optimize the tomographic images. In addition, WIPL-D models have been used to simulate the embedded and diverse/distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received SNR for GPEN obtained by burying the radiating ring under the surface. C1 [Norgard, John; Musselman, Randall] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Drozd, Andrew] Andro Computat Solut, Rome, NY USA. RP Norgard, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.norgard@usafa.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-08-0628-6 PY 2008 BP 371 EP + DI 10.1109/APEMC.2008.4559889 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BID20 UT WOS:000258515300094 ER PT B AU Zhdanov, BV Stooke, A Boyadjian, G Voci, A Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Stooke, A. Boyadjian, G. Voci, A. Knize, R. J. GP IEEE TI 17 Watts Continuous Wave Rubidium Laser SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID POTASSIUM LASER; VAPOR LASER AB A laser diode array pumped continuous wave Rubidium laser with slope efficiency of 53%, total optical efficiency of 46% and output power of 17 Watts has been demonstrated. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Stooke, A.; Boyadjian, G.; Voci, A.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400147 ER EF